Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill was $5,984 million as of December 31, 2015 compared with $5,740 million as of December 31, 2014. The $244 million increase in goodwill during 2015 is primarily related to acquisitions, offset in part by the effect of foreign currency translation adjustments related to the goodwill associated with our Canadian operations. See Notes 19 and 21 for additional information.

As discussed more fully in Note 3, we perform our annual impairment test of our goodwill balances using a measurement date of October 1. We will also perform interim tests if an impairment indicator exists such that the fair value of a reporting unit could potentially be less than its carrying amount. We did not encounter any events or changes in circumstances that indicated that an impairment was more likely than not during interim periods in 2015, 2014 or 2013.

Our other intangible assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 were comprised of the following (in millions):


	Customer and Supplier Relationships			Covenants Not-to- Compete			Licenses, Permits and Other			Total
December 31, 2015:
Intangible assets	$	658		$	51		$	119		$	828
Less accumulated amortization		(270	)		(35	)		(46	)		(351	)

	$	388		$	16		$	73		$	477

December 31, 2014:
Intangible assets	$	576		$	63		$	116		$	755
Less accumulated amortization		(231	)		(44	)		(40	)		(315	)

	$	345		$	19		$	76		$	440

Amortization expense for other intangible assets was $76 million for 2015, $78 million for 2014 and $80 million for 2013. At December 31, 2015, we had $18 million of licenses, permits and other intangible assets that are not subject to amortization, because they do not have stated expirations or have routine, administrative renewal processes. Additional information related to other intangible assets acquired through business combinations is included in Note 19. As of December 31, 2015, expected annual amortization expense related to other intangible assets is $76 million in 2016; $67 million in 2017; $61 million in 2018; $54 million in 2019 and $47 million in 2020.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

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