0001193125-12-519290.txt : 20121231 0001193125-12-519290.hdr.sgml : 20121231 20121231172019 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001193125-12-519290 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 497 PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 1 FILED AS OF DATE: 20121231 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20121231 EFFECTIVENESS DATE: 20121231 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000822977 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1031 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 497 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 033-17619 FILM NUMBER: 121294018 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 71 SOUTH WACKER DRIVE STREET 2: C/O GOLDMAN SACHS & CO CITY: CHICAGO STATE: IL ZIP: 60606 BUSINESS PHONE: 3126554400 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 200 WEST STREET CITY: NEW YORK STATE: NY ZIP: 10282 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: GOLDMAN SACHS SHORT INTERMEDIATE GOVERNMENT FUND DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19910711 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: SHORT INTERMEDIATE GOVERNMENT FUND DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19900104 0000822977 S000009326 Goldman Sachs Structured Large Cap Value Fund C000025516 Goldman Sachs Structured Large Cap Value Fund C000025517 Institutional GCVIX C000025518 Service GCLSX C000025519 Class A GCVAX C000025520 Class B GCVBX C000025521 Class C GCVCX C000058963 Class R GCVRX C000058964 Class IR GCVTX 0000822977 S000009327 Goldman Sachs Structured U.S. Equity Fund C000025522 Goldman Sachs Structured U.S. Equity Fund C000025523 Institutional GSELX C000025524 Service GSESX C000025525 Class A GSSQX C000025526 Class B GSSBX C000025527 Class C GSUSX C000058965 Class R GSURX C000058966 Class IR GSUTX 0000822977 S000009328 Goldman Sachs Structured Large Cap Growth Fund C000025528 Goldman Sachs Structured Large Cap Growth Fund C000025529 Institutional GCGIX C000025530 Service GSCLX C000025531 Class A GLCGX C000025532 Class B GCLCX C000025533 Class C GLCCX C000058967 Class R GLCRX C000058968 Class IR GLCTX 0000822977 S000009329 Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Equity Fund C000025534 Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Equity Fund C000025535 Institutional GCSIX C000025536 Service GCSSX C000025537 Class A GCSAX C000025538 Class B GCSBX C000025539 Class C GCSCX C000058969 Class R GDSRX C000058970 Class IR GDSTX 0000822977 S000009330 Goldman Sachs Structured International Equity Fund C000025540 Goldman Sachs Structured International Equity Fund C000025541 Institutional GCIIX C000025542 Service GCISX C000025543 Class A GCIAX C000025544 Class B GCIBX C000025545 Class C GCICX C000058971 Class R GCIRX C000058972 Class IR GCITX 0000822977 S000009331 Goldman Sachs Concentrated International Equity Fund C000025546 Goldman Sachs Concentrated International Equity Fund C000025547 Institutional GSIEX C000025548 Service GSISX C000025549 Class A GSIFX C000025550 Class B GSEBX C000025551 Class C GSICX C000091956 Class IR GIRNX 0000822977 S000009334 Goldman Sachs International Small Cap Fund C000025564 Goldman Sachs International Small Cap Fund C000025565 Institutional GISIX C000025566 Service GISSX C000025567 Class A GISAX C000025568 Class B GISBX C000025569 Class C GISCX C000091957 Class IR GIRSX 0000822977 S000009335 Goldman Sachs Emerging Markets Equity Fund C000025570 Goldman Sachs Emerging Markets Equity Fund C000025571 Institutional GEMIX C000025572 Service GEMSX C000025573 Class A GEMAX C000025574 Class B GEKBX C000025575 Class C GEMCX C000091958 Class IR GIRMX 0000822977 S000009337 Goldman Sachs Asia Equity Fund C000025582 Goldman Sachs Asia Equity Fund C000025583 Institutional GSAIX C000025585 Class A GSAGX C000025586 Class B GSABX C000025587 Class C GSACX 0000822977 S000009342 Goldman Sachs Income Builder Fund C000025612 Goldman Sachs Income Builder Fund C000025613 Institutional GSBIX C000025615 Class A GSBFX C000025616 Class B GSBBX C000025617 Class C GSBCX C000091959 Class IR GKIRX 0000822977 S000012697 Goldman Sachs BRIC Fund (Brazil, Russia, India, China) C000034220 Goldman Sachs BRIC Fund (Brazil, Russia, India, China) C000034221 Institutional GBRIX C000034222 Class A GBRAX C000034223 Class C GBRCX C000091960 Class IR GIRBX 0000822977 S000014928 Goldman Sachs Strategic International Equity Fund C000040523 Class A GSAKX C000040524 Class B GSBKX C000040525 Class C GSCKX C000040526 Institutional GSIKX C000040527 Service GSSKX C000058986 Class R GSRKX C000058987 Class IR GSTKX 0000822977 S000014929 Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Value Fund C000040528 Service GSSTX C000040529 Class A GSATX C000040530 Class B GSBTX C000040531 Class C GSCTX C000040532 Institutional GSITX C000058988 Class R GTTRX C000058989 Class IR GTTTX 0000822977 S000014930 Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Growth Fund C000040533 Class A GSAOX C000040534 Class B GSBOX C000040535 Class C GSCOX C000040536 Institutional GSIOX C000040537 Service GSSOX C000058990 Class R GSROX C000058991 Class IR GSTOX 0000822977 S000018300 Goldman Sachs Structured International Small Cap Fund C000050449 Institutional GICIX C000050450 Class A GICAX C000050451 Class C GICCX C000091961 Class IR GIRLX 0000822977 S000018301 Goldman Sachs Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund C000050452 Institutional GERIX C000050453 Class A GERAX C000050454 Class C GERCX C000091962 Class IR GIRPX 0000822977 S000031300 GOLDMAN SACHS N-11 EQUITY FUND C000097022 CLASS A SHARES GSYAX C000097023 CLASS C SHARES GSYCX C000097024 INSTITUTIONAL SHARES GSYIX C000097025 CLASS IR SHARES GSYRX 0000822977 S000031745 Goldman Sachs Brazil Equity Fund C000098840 Class A Shares GZIAX C000098841 Class C shares GZICX C000098842 Class IR Shares GIRZX C000098843 Institutional Shares GZIIX 0000822977 S000031746 Goldman Sachs India Equity Fund C000098844 Class A Shares GIAAX C000098845 Class C Shares GIACX C000098846 Class IR Shares GAIRX C000098847 Institutional Shares GNAIX 0000822977 S000031747 Goldman Sachs China Equity Fund C000098848 Class C Shares GNICX C000098849 Class IR Shares GNIRX C000098850 Institutional Shares GNIIX C000098851 Class A Shares GNIAX 0000822977 S000031748 Goldman Sachs Korea Equity Fund C000098852 Class A Shares GWIAX C000098853 Class C Shares GWICX C000098854 Class IR Shares GWIRX C000098855 Institutional Shares GWIIX 497 1 d459659d497.htm GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST

PART B

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

DATED FEBRUARY 28, 2012, AS AMENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012

 

FUND

   CLASS
A
SHARES
   CLASS B
SHARES
   CLASS
C
SHARES
   CLASS R
SHARES
   CLASS IR
SHARES
   INSTITUTIONAL
SHARES
   SERVICE
SHARES

GOLDMAN SACHS INCOME BUILDER FUND

   GSBFX    GSBBX    GSBCX       GKIRX    GSBIX   

GOLDMAN SACHS STRUCTURED LARGE CAP VALUE FUND

   GCVAX    GCVBX    GCVCX    GCVRX    GCVTX    GCVIX    GCLSX

GOLDMAN SACHS STRUCTURED U.S. EQUITY FUND

   GSSQX    GSSBX    GSUSX    GSURX    GSUTX    GSELX    GSESX

GOLDMAN SACHS STRUCTURED LARGE CAP GROWTH FUND

   GLCGX    GCLCX    GLCCX    GLCRX    GLCTX    GCGIX    GSCLX

GOLDMAN SACHS STRUCTURED SMALL CAP EQUITY FUND

   GCSAX    GCSBX    GCSCX    GDSRX    GDSTX    GCSIX    GCSSX

GOLDMAN SACHS STRUCTURED SMALL CAP VALUE FUND

   GSATX    GSBTX    GSCTX    GTTRX    GTTTX    GSITX   

GOLDMAN SACHS STRUCTURED SMALL CAP GROWTH FUND

   GSAOX    GSBOX    GSCOX    GSROX    GSTOX    GSIOX   

GOLDMAN SACHS STRUCTURED INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND

   GCIAX    GCIBX    GCICX    GCIRX    GCITX    GCIIX    GCISX

GOLDMAN SACHS STRUCTURED INTERNATIONAL SMALL CAP FUND

   GICAX       GICCX       GIRLX    GICIX   

GOLDMAN SACHS STRUCTURED EMERGING MARKETS EQUITY FUND

   GERAX       GERCX       GIRPX    GERIX   

GOLDMAN SACHS CONCENTRATED INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND

   GSIFX    GSEBX    GSICX       GIRNX    GSIEX    GSISX

GOLDMAN SACHS INTERNATIONAL SMALL CAP FUND

   GISAX    GISBX    GISCX       GIRSX    GISIX    GISSX

GOLDMAN SACHS EMERGING MARKETS EQUITY FUND

   GEMAX    GEKBX    GEMCX       GIRMX    GEMIX    GEMSX

GOLDMAN SACHS ASIA EQUITY FUND

   GSAGX    GSABX    GSACX          GSAIX   

GOLDMAN SACHS BRIC (BRAZIL, RUSSIA, INDIA, CHINA) FUND

   GBRAX       GBRCX       GIRBX    GBRIX   

GOLDMAN SACHS STRATEGIC INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND

   GSAKX    GSBKX    GSCKX    GSRKX    GSTKX    GSIKX   

GOLDMAN SACHS N-11 EQUITY FUND

   GSYAX       GSYCX       GSYRX    GSYIX   

GOLDMAN SACHS BRAZIL EQUITY FUND

   GZIAX       GZICX       GIRZX    GZIIX   

GOLDMAN SACHS CHINA EQUITY FUND

   GNIAX       GNICX       GNIRX    GNIIX   

GOLDMAN SACHS INDIA EQUITY FUND

   GIAAX       GIACX       GAIRX    GNAIX   

GOLDMAN SACHS KOREA EQUITY FUND

   GWIAX       GWICX       GWIRX    GWIIX   

(Structured and International Equity Funds of Goldman Sachs Trust)

71 South Wacker Drive

Chicago, Illinois 60606

This Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”) is not a Prospectus. This SAI should be read in conjunction with the Prospectuses for the Goldman Sachs Income Builder Fund (formerly the Goldman Sachs Balanced Fund), Goldman Sachs Structured Large Cap Value Fund, Goldman Sachs Structured U.S. Equity Fund, Goldman Sachs Structured Large Cap Growth Fund, Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Equity Fund, Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Value Fund, Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Growth Fund, Goldman Sachs Structured International Equity Fund, Goldman Sachs Structured International Small Cap Fund, Goldman Sachs Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund, Goldman Sachs Concentrated International Equity Fund, Goldman Sachs International Small Cap Fund, Goldman Sachs Emerging Markets Equity Fund, Goldman Sachs Asia Equity Fund, Goldman Sachs BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China) Fund, Goldman Sachs Strategic International Equity Fund, Goldman Sachs N-11 Equity Fund, Goldman Sachs Brazil Equity Fund, Goldman Sachs China Equity Fund, Goldman Sachs India Equity Fund and Goldman Sachs Korea Equity Fund dated February 28, 2012 (the “Prospectuses”), as they may be further amended and/or supplemented from time to time, and which may be obtained without charge from Goldman, Sachs & Co. by calling the applicable telephone number, or writing to one of the addresses, listed below or from institutions (“Authorized Institutions”) acting on behalf of their customers. As of November 2, 2009, Class B Shares are generally no longer available for purchase by new or existing shareholders.

The audited financial statements and related report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, for each Fund contained in each Fund’s 2011 Annual Report are incorporated herein by reference in the section “FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.” No other portions of each Fund’s Annual Report are incorporated by reference herein. A Fund’s Annual Report may be obtained upon request and without charge by calling Goldman, Sachs & Co. toll free at 1-800-526-7384 (for Class A, Class B, Class C, Class R and Class IR Shares Shareholders) or 1-800-621-2550 (for Institutional and Service Shares Shareholders).

GSAM® is a registered service mark of Goldman, Sachs & Co.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

INTRODUCTION

     B-1   

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

     B-2   

DESCRIPTION OF INVESTMENT SECURITIES AND PRACTICES

     B-5   

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

     B-48   

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

     B-49   

MANAGEMENT SERVICES

     B-63   

POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

     B-78   

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

     B-84   

NET ASSET VALUE

     B-88   

SHARES OF THE TRUST

     B-89   

TAXATION

     B-92   

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

     B-98   

PROXY VOTING

     B-98   

PAYMENTS TO INTERMEDIARIES

     B-99   

OTHER INFORMATION

     B-103   

DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLANS

     B-106   

OTHER INFORMATION REGARDING MAXIMUM SALES CHARGE, PURCHASES, REDEMPTIONS, EXCHANGES AND DIVIDENDS

     B-111   

SERVICE PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER ADMINISTRATION PLAN

     B-115   

PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

     B-117   

APPENDIX A DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

     1-A   

APPENDIX B GSAM PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES SUMMARY

     1-B   

APPENDIX C STATEMENT OF INTENTION

     1-C   

The date of this SAI is February 28, 2012, as amended December 31, 2012.

 

-i-


GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.

Investment Adviser to:

Goldman Sachs Income Builder Fund

Goldman Sachs Structured Large Cap Value Fund

Goldman Sachs Structured U.S. Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Value Fund

Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Structured International Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs Structured International Small Cap Fund

Goldman Sachs Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

200 West Street

New York, New York 10282

GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET

MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL

Investment Adviser to:

Goldman Sachs Concentrated International Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs International Small Cap Fund

Goldman Sachs Strategic International Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs Emerging Markets Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs Asia Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China) Fund

Goldman Sachs N-11 Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs Brazil Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs China Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs India Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs Korea Equity Fund

Christchurch Court

10-15 Newgate Street

London, England EC1A7HD

GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO.

Distributor

200 West Street

New York, New York 10282

GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO.

Transfer Agent

71 South Wacker Drive

Chicago, Illinois 60606

Toll free (in U.S.) 800-621-2550 (for Institutional and Service Shares Shareholders) or 800-526-7384 (for Class A, Class B, Class C, Class R and Class IR Shares Shareholders)

 

-ii-


INTRODUCTION

Goldman Sachs Trust (the “Trust”) is an open-end, management investment company. The Trust is organized as a Delaware statutory trust and was established by a Declaration of Trust dated January 28, 1997. The Trust is a successor to a Massachusetts business trust that was combined with the Trust on April 30, 1997. The following series of the Trust are described in this SAI: Goldman Sachs Income Builder Fund (formerly, “Goldman Sachs Balanced Fund”) (“Income Builder Fund”), Goldman Sachs Structured Large Cap Value Fund (“Structured Large Cap Value Fund”), Goldman Sachs Structured U.S. Equity Fund (“Structured U.S. Equity Fund”), Goldman Sachs Structured Large Cap Growth Fund (“Structured Large Cap Growth Fund”), Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Equity Fund (“Structured Small Cap Equity Fund”), Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Value Fund (“Structured Small Cap Value Fund”), Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Growth Fund (“Structured Small Cap Growth Fund”), Goldman Sachs Structured International Equity Fund (“Structured International Equity Fund”), Goldman Sachs Structured International Small Cap Fund (“Structured International Small Cap Fund”), Goldman Sachs Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund (“Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund”), Goldman Sachs Concentrated International Equity Fund (“Concentrated International Equity Fund”), Goldman Sachs International Small Cap Fund (“International Small Cap Fund”), Goldman Sachs Emerging Markets Equity Fund (“Emerging Markets Equity Fund”), Goldman Sachs Asia Equity Fund (“Asia Equity Fund”), Goldman Sachs BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China) Fund (“BRIC Fund”), Goldman Sachs Strategic International Equity Fund (“Strategic International Equity Fund”), Goldman Sachs N-11 Equity Fund (“N-11 Equity Fund”), Goldman Sachs Brazil Equity Fund (“Brazil Equity Fund”), Goldman Sachs China Equity Fund (“China Equity Fund”), Goldman Sachs India Equity Fund (“India Equity Fund”) and Goldman Sachs Korea Equity Fund (“Korea Equity Fund”) (collectively referred to herein as the “Funds”).

The Trustees of the Trust have authority under the Declaration of Trust to create and classify shares into separate series and to classify and reclassify any series or portfolio of shares into one or more classes without further action by shareholders, and have created the Funds and other series pursuant thereto. Additional series may be added in the future from time to time. The Structured Large Cap Value, Structured U.S. Equity, Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Equity and Structured International Equity Funds currently offer seven classes of shares: Class A, Class B (subject to the limitations described herein), Class C, Class R, Class IR, Institutional and Service Shares. The Structured Small Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Growth and Strategic International Equity Funds currently offer six classes of shares: Class A, Class B (subject to the limitations described herein), Class C, Class R, Class IR and Institutional Shares. The Concentrated International Equity, International Small Cap and Emerging Markets Equity Funds currently offer six classes of shares: Class A, Class B (subject to the limitations described herein), Class C, Class IR, Institutional and Service Shares. The Income Builder Fund currently offers five classes of shares: Class A, Class B (subject to the limitations described herein), Class C, Class IR and Institutional Shares. The Asia Equity Fund currently offers four classes of shares: Class A, Class B (subject to the limitations described herein), Class C and Institutional Shares. The BRIC, Structured International Small Cap, Structured Emerging Markets Equity, N-11 Equity, Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds currently offer four classes of shares: Class A, Class C, Class IR and Institutional Shares. See “SHARES OF THE TRUST.”

As of November 2, 2009 (the “Effective Date”), Class B Shares are generally no longer available for purchase by new or existing shareholders. Shareholders who invested in Class B Shares prior to the Effective Date may continue to hold their Class B Shares until they convert automatically to Class A Shares, as described in each Fund’s Prospectus. Class B shareholders may continue to reinvest dividends and capital gains into their accounts. Class B shareholders who had automatic investment plans into Class B Shares prior to the Effective Date can no longer make automatic investments into Class B Shares. Class B shareholders may continue to exchange their Shares for Class B Shares of certain other Goldman Sachs Funds. Otherwise, additional purchase requests for a Fund’s Class B Shares will be rejected.

The Structured Small Cap Value Fund, Structured Small Cap Growth Fund and Strategic International Equity Fund were launched in connection with the reorganization of the assets and liabilities of the AXA Enterprise Small Company Value Fund, AXA Enterprise Small Company Growth Fund and AXA Enterprise International Growth Fund of AXA Enterprise Funds Trust. At a shareholder meeting held in the second quarter of 2007, the shareholders of the Predecessor Funds approved a proposed agreement and plan of reorganization whereby the Predecessor Funds were reorganized into the Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Value Fund, Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Growth Fund and Goldman Sachs Strategic International Equity Fund, respectively. The Predecessor Funds, for purposes of the reorganization, are considered the accounting survivors and accordingly, certain financial history of the Predecessor Funds is included in this SAI.

Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (“GSAM”), an affiliate of Goldman, Sachs & Co. (“Goldman Sachs”), serves as the Investment Adviser to the Income Builder, Structured Large Cap Value, Structured U.S. Equity, Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Equity, Structured Small Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Growth, Structured International Equity, Structured International Small Cap and Structured Emerging Markets Equity Funds. Goldman Sachs Asset Management International

 

B-1


(“GSAMI”), also an affiliate of Goldman Sachs, serves as the Investment Adviser to the Concentrated International Equity, International Small Cap, Emerging Markets Equity, Asia Equity, BRIC, Strategic International Equity, N-11 Equity, Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds. GSAM and GSAMI are sometimes referred to individually herein as an “Investment Adviser” and collectively as the “Investment Advisers.” In addition, Goldman Sachs serves as each Fund’s distributor and transfer agent. State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) serves as the custodian to the Income Builder, Structured Large Cap Value, Structured U.S. Equity, Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Equity, Structured Small Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Growth, Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds. JPMorganChase Bank, N.A. (“JPMorganChase”) serves as the custodian to the Concentrated International Equity, International Small Cap, Emerging Markets Equity, Asia Equity, BRIC, Strategic International Equity, Structured International Small Cap, Structured International Equity, Structured Emerging Markets Equity and N-11 Equity Funds.

The following information relates to and supplements the description of each Fund’s investment policies contained in the Prospectuses. See the Prospectuses for a more complete description of the Funds’ investment objectives and policies. Investing in the Funds entails certain risks, and there is no assurance that a Fund will achieve its objective. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the same meaning as in the Prospectuses.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

Each Fund has a distinct investment objective and policies. There can be no assurance that a Fund’s investment objective will be achieved. Each Fund (except the BRIC, N-11 Equity, Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds) is a diversified open-end management company as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Act”). The BRIC, N-11 Equity, Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds are each non-diversified, open-end management companies (as defined in the Act). The investment objective and policies of each Fund, and the associated risks of each Fund, are discussed in the Funds’ Prospectuses, which should be read carefully before an investment is made. All investment objectives and investment policies not specifically designated as fundamental may be changed without shareholder approval. However, with respect to each Fund other than the Income Builder Fund, to the extent required by U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regulations, shareholders will be provided with sixty days notice in the manner prescribed by the SEC before any change in the Fund’s policy to invest at least 80% of its net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes (measured at the time of purchase) in the particular type of investment suggested by its name. Additional information about the Funds, their policies, and the investment instruments they may hold is provided below.

Each Fund’s share price will fluctuate with market, economic and, to the extent applicable, foreign exchange conditions, so that an investment in any of the Funds may be worth more or less when redeemed than when purchased. None of the Funds should be relied upon as a complete investment program.

The Trust, on behalf of the Structured Large Cap Value Fund, Structured U.S. Equity Fund, Structured Large Cap Growth Fund, Structured Small Cap Growth Fund, Concentrated International Equity Fund, BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China) Fund and China Equity Fund, has filed a notice of eligibility claiming an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) and therefore is not subject to registration or regulation as a CPO under the CEA. The Investment Adviser has claimed temporary relief from registration as a CPO under the CEA for the Income Builder Fund, Structured Small Cap Equity Fund, Structured Small Cap Value Fund, Structured International Equity Fund, Structured International Small Cap Fund, Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund, International Small Cap Fund, Emerging Markets Equity Fund, Asia Equity Fund, Strategic International Equity Fund and N-11 Equity Fund and therefore is not subject to registration or regulation as a CPO under the CEA. When the temporary relief expires, to the extent the Trust, on behalf of these Funds, is not otherwise eligible to claim an exclusion from the definition of the term CPO, the Funds may incur certain expenses. However, as result of proposed rulemaking by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) that has not yet been adopted, the impact of CFTC recordkeeping, reporting and disclosure requirements remains uncertain. If and when the Investment Adviser becomes subject to these requirements, as well as related National Futures Association (“NFA”) rules, these Funds may incur additional compliance and other expenses.

The following discussion supplements the information in the Funds’ Prospectuses.

General Information Regarding The Funds

The Investment Adviser may purchase for the Funds common stocks, preferred stocks, interests in real estate investment trusts, convertible debt obligations, convertible preferred stocks, equity interests in trusts, partnerships, joint ventures, limited liability companies and similar enterprises, warrants and stock purchase rights and synthetic and derivative instruments that have economic characteristics similar to equity securities (“equity investments”). The Investment Adviser utilizes first-hand fundamental research, including visiting company facilities to assess operations and to meet decision-makers, in choosing a Fund’s securities. The Investment Adviser may also use macro analysis of numerous economic and valuation variables to anticipate changes in company earnings and the overall investment climate. The Investment Adviser is able to draw on the research and market expertise of the Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research Department and other affiliates of the Investment Adviser, as well as information provided by other securities dealers. Equity investments in a Fund’s portfolio will generally be sold when the Investment Adviser believes that the market price fully reflects or exceeds the investments’ fundamental valuation or when other more attractive investments are identified.

Quantitative Style Funds. The Structured U.S. Equity, Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Large Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Equity, Structured Small Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Growth, Structured International Equity, Structured International Small Cap and Structured Emerging Markets Equity Funds (the “Structured Equity Funds”) are managed using both quantitative and fundamental techniques. The investment process and the proprietary multifactor model used to implement it are discussed below.

Investment Process. The Investment Adviser begins with a broad universe of U.S. equity investments for the Structured Large Cap Value, Structured U.S. Equity, Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Equity, Structured Small Cap Value and Structured Small Cap Growth Funds (the “Structured Domestic Equity Funds”), and a broad universe of foreign equity investments for

 

B-2


Structured International Equity, Structured International Small Cap and Structured Emerging Markets Equity Funds (the “Structured Equity International Funds”). As described more fully below, the Investment Adviser uses proprietary multifactor models (the “Multifactor Models”) that attempt to forecast the returns of different markets, currencies and individual securities.

In building a diversified portfolio for each Structured Equity Fund the Investment Adviser utilizes optimization techniques to seek to construct the most efficient risk/return portfolio given each Structured Fund’s benchmark. Each portfolio is primarily composed of securities that the Investment Adviser believes maximize the portfolio’s risk/return tradeoff characteristics. Each portfolio holds industry weightings similar to those of the relevant Fund’s benchmark.

Multifactor Models. The Multifactor Models are systematic rating systems that seek to forecast the returns of different equity markets, currencies and individual equity investments according to fundamental investment characteristics. Each Fund uses one or more Multifactor Models that seek to forecast the returns of securities in its portfolio. Each Multifactor Model may incorporate common variables including, but not limited to, measures of value, price, momentum, profitability, quality, management, sentiment, macroeconomic indicators, risk premia and fund flows. The Investment Adviser believes that all of the factors used in the Multifactor Models impact the performance of the securities, currencies and markets in the forecast universe.

The weightings assigned to the factors in the Multifactor Models can be but are not necessarily derived using a statistical formulation that considers each factor’s historical performance, volatility and stability of ranking in different market environments, and judgment. Because they include many disparate factors, the Investment Adviser believes that all the Multifactor Models are broader in scope and provide a more thorough evaluation than traditional investment processes. Securities and markets ranked highest by the relevant Multifactor Model do not have one dominant investment characteristic; rather, they possess an attractive combination of investment characteristics. By using a variety of relevant factors to select securities, currencies or markets, the Investment Adviser believes that the Fund will be better balanced and have more consistent performance than an investment portfolio that uses only one or two factors to select such investments.

From time to time, the Investment Adviser will monitor, and may make changes to, the selection or weight of individual or groups of securities, currencies or markets in a Fund. Such changes (which may be the result of changes in the Multifactor Models, the method of applying the Multifactor Models or the judgment of the Investment Adviser) may include: (i) evolutionary changes to the structure of the Multifactor Models (e.g., the addition of new factors or a new means of weighting the factors); (ii) changes in trading procedures (e.g., trading frequency or the manner in which a Fund uses futures); or (iii) changes to the weight of individual or groups of securities, currencies or markets in a Fund based on the Investment Adviser’s judgment. Any such changes will preserve a Fund’s basic investment philosophy of combining qualitative and quantitative methods of selecting investments using a disciplined investment process.

Other Information. Because normal settlement for equity investments is three trading days (for certain international markets settlement may be longer), the Funds will need to hold cash balances to satisfy shareholder redemption requests. Such cash balances will normally range from 2% to 5% of a Fund’s net assets. Structured U.S. Equity Fund may enter into futures transactions only with respect to the S&P 500TM Index, and the Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Large Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Equity, Structured Small Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Growth, Structured International Small Cap and Structured Emerging Markets Equity Funds may enter into futures transactions only with respect to a representative index in order to keep a Fund’s effective equity exposure close to 100%. The Structured International Equity Fund may purchase other types of futures contracts. For example, if cash balances are equal to 5% of the net assets, the Fund may enter into long futures contracts covering an amount equal to 5% of the Fund’s net assets. As cash balances fluctuate based on new contributions or withdrawals, a Fund may enter into additional contracts or close out existing positions.

Actively Managed International Equity Funds. The Concentrated International Equity, International Small Cap, Emerging Markets Equity, Asia Equity, BRIC, Strategic International Equity, N-11 Equity, Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds (the “International Equity Funds”) are managed using an active international approach, which utilizes a consistent process of stock selection undertaken by portfolio management teams located within each of the major investment regions, including Europe, Asia and the United States. In selecting securities, the Investment Adviser uses a bottom-up strategy based on first-hand fundamental research that is designed to give broad exposure to the available opportunities while seeking to add return primarily through stock selection. Equity investments for these Funds are evaluated based on three key factors—business, management and valuation. The Investment Adviser ordinarily seeks securities that have, in the Investment Adviser’s opinion, superior earnings growth potential, sustainable franchise value with management attuned to creating shareholder value and relatively discounted valuations. In addition, the Investment Adviser uses a multi-factor risk model which seeks to ensure that deviations from the benchmark are justifiable. Additionally, although the focus is bottom-up, the Investment Adviser still considers the macro factors affecting various countries from the view of the individual investor.

 

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Additional Information About The Income Builder Fund

The Income Builder Fund seeks income and capital appreciation. The Fund seeks to provide income through investments in fixed income securities (bonds) and high dividend paying equities, preferred equities and other similar securities (stocks). The Fund seeks to achieve capital appreciation primarily through equity securities.

The Fund is intended to provide a foundation on which an investor can build an investment portfolio or to serve as the core of an investment program, depending on the investor’s goals. The Fund is designed for relatively conservative investors who seek a combination of long-term capital growth and current income in a single investment. The Fund offers a portfolio of equity and fixed income securities intended to provide less volatility than a portfolio completely invested in equity investments and greater diversification than a portfolio invested in only one asset class. The Fund may be appropriate for people who seek capital appreciation but are concerned about the volatility typically associated with a fund that invests solely in stocks and other equity investments.

Value Orientated Strategy (Equity Portion of Fund). The Income Builder Fund’s equity portion is managed using a value oriented approach. The Investment Adviser evaluates securities using fundamental analysis and intends to purchase equity investments that are, in its view, underpriced relative to a combination of such companies’ long-term earnings prospects, growth rate, free cash flow and/or dividend-paying ability. Consideration will be given to the business quality of the issuer. Factors positively affecting the Investment Adviser’s view of that quality include the competitiveness and degree of regulation in the markets in which the company operates, the existence of a management team with a record of success, the position of the company in the markets in which it operates, the level of the company’s financial leverage and the sustainable return on capital invested in the business. The Funds may also purchase securities of companies that have experienced difficulties and that, in the opinion of the Investment Adviser, are available at attractive prices. For this portion of the Fund the benchmark is the Russell 1000 Value® Index.

Fixed Income Strategies Designed to Maximize Return and Manage Risk. GSAM’s approach to managing the fixed income portion of the Income Builder Fund’s portfolio seeks to provide high returns relative to a market benchmark, BofA Merrill Lynch BB-B U.S. High Yield Constrained Index (the “Index”), while also seeking to provide high current income. This approach emphasizes (i) sector allocation strategies which enable GSAM to tactically overweight or underweight one sector of the fixed income market (i.e., mortgages, corporate bonds, U.S. Treasuries, non-dollar bonds, emerging market debt) versus another; (ii) individual security selection based on identifying relative value (fixed income securities inexpensive relative to others in their sector); and (iii) strategies based on GSAM’s expectation of the direction of interest rates or the spread between short-term and long-term interest rates such as yield curve strategy.

The Index contains all securities in The BofA Merrill Lynch U.S. High Yield Index rated BB1 through B3, based on an average of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s Rating Group (“Standard & Poor’s”) and Fitch, Inc. (“Fitch”), but caps issuer exposure at 2%. Index constituents are capitalization-weighted, based on their current amount outstanding, provided the total allocation to an individual issuer does not exceed 2%. Issuers that exceed the limit are reduced to 2% and the face value of each of their bonds is adjusted on a pro-rata basis. Similarly, the face values of all other issuers that fall below the 2% cap are increased on a pro-rata basis. In the event there are fewer than 50 issuers in the Index, each is equally weighted and the face values of their respective bonds are increased or decreased on a pro-rata basis. Accrued interest is calculated assuming next-day settlement. Cash flows from bond payments that are received during the month are retained in the index until the end of the month and then are removed as part of the rebalancing. Cash does not earn any reinvestment income while it is held in the Index. The Index is rebalanced on the last calendar day of the month, based on information available up to and including the third business day before the last business day of the month. Issues that meet the qualifying criteria are included in the Index for the following month. Issues that no longer meet the criteria during the course of the month remain in the Index until the next month-end rebalancing at which point they are removed from the Index.

GSAM seeks to manage fixed income portfolio risk in a number of ways. These include diversifying the fixed income portion of the Fund’s portfolio among various types of fixed income securities and utilizing sophisticated quantitative models to understand how the fixed income portion of the portfolio will perform under a variety of market and economic scenarios. In addition, GSAM uses extensive credit analysis to select and to monitor any investment-grade or non-investment grade bonds that may be included in the Fund’s portfolio. In employing this and other investment strategies, the GSAM team has access to extensive fundamental research and analysis available through Goldman Sachs and a broad range of other sources.

 

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A number of investment strategies will be used in selecting fixed income securities for the Fund’s portfolio. GSAM’s fixed income investment philosophy is to actively manage the portfolio within a risk-controlled framework. The Investment Adviser focuses on seeking to add value through sector selection, security selection and yield curve strategies – with less emphasis on managing the portfolio around a narrow duration band.

The Investment Adviser uses derivative instruments to manage the duration of the Fund’s fixed income investment portfolio. These derivative instruments include financial futures contracts and swap transactions, as well as other types of derivatives, and can be used to shorten and lengthen the duration of the Fund’s fixed income investment portfolio. The Fund’s investments in derivative instruments, including financial futures contracts and swaps, can be significant. These transactions can result in sizeable realized and unrealized capital gains and losses relative to the gains and losses from the Fund’s investments in bonds and other securities.

Interest rates, fixed income securities prices, the prices of futures and other derivatives, and currency exchange rates can be volatile, and a variance in the degree of volatility or in the direction of the market from the Investment Adviser’s expectations may produce losses in a Fund’s investments in derivatives. In addition, a perfect correlation between a derivatives position and a fixed income security position is generally impossible to achieve. As a result, the Investment Adviser’s use of derivatives may not be effective in fulfilling the Investment Adviser’s investment strategies and may contribute to losses that would not have been incurred otherwise.

Market Sector Selection. Market sector selection is the underweighting or overweighting of one or more market sectors (i.e., U.S. Treasuries, U.S. Government agency securities, corporate securities, mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities). GSAM may decide to overweight or underweight a given market sector or subsector (e.g., within the corporate sector, industrials, financial issuers and utilities) for the fixed income portion of the Fund’s portfolio based on, among other things, expectations of future yield spreads between different sectors or subsectors.

Issuer Selection. Issuer selection is the purchase and sale of fixed income corporate securities based on a corporation’s current and expected credit standing. This strategy focuses on four types of corporate issuers. Selection of securities from the first type of issuers – those with low but stable credit – is intended to enhance total returns by providing incremental yield. Selecting securities from the second type of issuers – those with low and intermediate but improving credit quality – is intended to enhance total returns in two stages. Initially, these securities are expected to provide incremental yield. Eventually, price appreciation is expected to occur relative to alternative securities as credit quality improves, the credit ratings of nationally recognized statistical ratings organizations are upgraded, and credit spreads narrow. Securities from the third type of issuers – issuers with deteriorating credit quality – will be avoided, because total returns are typically enhanced by avoiding the widening of credit spreads and the consequent relative price depreciation. Finally, total returns can be enhanced by focusing on securities that are rated differently by different rating organizations. If the securities are trading in line with the higher published quality rating while GSAM concurs with the lower published quality rating, the securities would generally be sold and future potential price deterioration avoided. On the other hand, if the securities are trading in line with the lower published quality rating while the higher published quality rating is considered more realistic, the securities may be purchased in anticipation of the expected market re-evaluation and relative price appreciation.

Yield Curve Strategy. Yield curve strategy consists of overweighting or underweighting different maturity sectors relative to a benchmark to take advantage of the shape of the yield curve. Three alternative maturity sector selections are available: a “barbell” strategy in which short and long maturity sectors are overweighted while intermediate maturity sectors are underweighted; a “bullet” strategy in which, conversely, short- and long-maturity sectors are underweighted while intermediate-maturity sectors are overweighted; and a “neutral yield curve” strategy in which the maturity distribution mirrors that of a benchmark.

DESCRIPTION OF INVESTMENT SECURITIES AND PRACTICES

Corporate Debt Obligations

Each Fund may, under normal market conditions, invest in corporate debt obligations, including obligations of industrial, utility and financial issuers. Corporate debt obligations include bonds, notes, debentures and other obligations of corporations to pay interest and repay principal. The Structured Equity Funds may only invest in debt securities that are cash equivalents. Corporate debt obligations are subject to the risk of an issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligations and may also be subject to price volatility due to such factors as market interest rates, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity.

Another factor which causes fluctuations in the prices of fixed income securities is the supply and demand for similarly rated securities. In addition, the prices of fixed income securities fluctuate in response to the general level of interest rates. Fluctuations in the prices of portfolio securities subsequent to their acquisition will not affect cash income from such securities but will be reflected in a Fund’s net asset value.

 

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Corporate debt obligations rated BBB or Baa are considered medium grade obligations with speculative characteristics, and adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances may weaken their issuers’ capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Medium to lower rated and comparable non-rated securities tend to offer higher yields than higher rated securities with the same maturities because the historical financial condition of the issuers of such securities may not have been as strong as that of other issuers. The price of corporate debt obligations will generally fluctuate in response to fluctuations in supply and demand for similarly rated securities. In addition, the price of corporate debt obligations will generally fluctuate in response to interest rate levels. Fluctuations in the prices of portfolio securities subsequent to their acquisition will not affect cash income from such securities but will be reflected in the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV’).

Because medium to lower rated securities generally involve greater risks of loss of income and principal than higher rated securities, investors should consider carefully the relative risks associated with investment in securities which carry medium to lower ratings and in comparable unrated securities. In addition to the risk of default, there are the related costs of recovery on defaulted issues. The Investment Adviser will attempt to reduce these risks through portfolio diversification and by analysis of each issuer and its ability to make timely payments of income and principal, as well as broad economic trends and corporate developments.

The Investment Adviser employs its own credit research and analysis, which includes a study of an issuer’s existing debt, capital structure, ability to service debt and to pay dividends, the issuer’s sensitivity to economic conditions, its operating history and the current earnings trend. The Investment Adviser continually monitors the investments in a Fund’s portfolio and evaluates whether to dispose of or to retain corporate debt obligations whose credit ratings or credit quality may have changed. If after its purchase, a portfolio security is assigned a lower rating or ceases to be rated, a Fund may continue to hold the security if the Investment Adviser believes it is in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders.

Commercial Paper and Other Short-Term Corporate Obligations

The Funds may invest in commercial paper and other short-term obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. corporations, non-U.S. corporations or other entities. Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by banks or bank holding companies, corporations and finance companies.

U.S. Government Securities

Each Fund may invest in U.S. Government Securities. Some U.S. Government Securities (such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, which differ only in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance) are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. Others, such as obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises, are supported either by (i) the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, (ii) the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the issuer or (iii) only the credit of the issuer. The U.S. government is under no legal obligation, in general, to purchase the obligations of its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support to the U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises in the future.

U.S. Government Securities include (to the extent consistent with the Act) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. government, or its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. U.S. Government Securities may also include (to the extent consistent with the Act) participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies that are guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. The secondary market for certain of these participations is extremely limited. In the absence of a suitable secondary market, such participations are regarded as illiquid.

Each Fund may also purchase U.S. Government Securities in private placements and may also invest in separately traded principal and interest components of securities guaranteed or issued by the U.S. Treasury that are traded independently under the separate trading of registered interest and principal of securities program (“STRIPS”). Each Fund may also invest in zero coupon U.S. Treasury Securities and in zero coupon securities issued by financial institutions which represent a proportionate interest in underlying U.S. Treasury Securities. A zero coupon security pays no interest to its holder during its life and its return consists of the difference between its face value at maturity and its cost. The market prices of zero coupon securities generally are more volatile than the market prices of securities that pay interest periodically.

Bank Obligations

Each Fund may invest in obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. or foreign banks. Bank obligations, including without limitation, time deposits, bankers’ acceptances and certificates of deposit, may be general obligations of the parent bank or may be limited to the issuing branch by the terms of the specific obligations or by government regulation. Banks are subject to extensive but different governmental regulations which may limit both the amount and types of loans which may be made and interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the banking industry is largely dependent upon the availability and cost of funds for the purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part in the operation of this industry.

 

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Certificates of deposit are certificates evidencing the obligation of a bank to repay funds deposited with it for a specified period of time at a specified rate. Certificates of deposit are negotiable instruments and are similar to saving deposits but have a definite maturity and are evidenced by a certificate instead of a passbook entry. Banks are required to keep reserves against all certificates of deposit. Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties which vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. The Funds may invest in deposits in U.S. and European banks satisfying the standards set forth above.

Zero Coupon Bonds

Each Fund’s investments in fixed income securities may include zero coupon bonds. Zero coupon bonds are debt obligations issued or purchased at a discount from face value. The discount approximates the total amount of interest the bonds would have accrued and compounded over the period until maturity. Zero coupon bonds do not require the periodic payment of interest. Such investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of such cash. Such investments may experience greater volatility in market value than debt obligations which provide for regular payments of interest. In addition, if an issuer of zero coupon bonds held by a Fund defaults, the Fund may obtain no return at all on its investment. A Fund will accrue income on such investments for each taxable year which (net of deductible expenses, if any) is distributable to shareholders and which, because no cash is generally received at the time of accrual, may require the liquidation of other portfolio securities to obtain sufficient cash to satisfy the Fund’s distribution obligations.

Variable and Floating Rate Securities

The interest rates payable on certain debt securities in which a Fund may invest are not fixed and may fluctuate based upon changes in market rates. A variable rate obligation has an interest rate which is adjusted at pre-designated periods in response to changes in the market rate of interest on which the interest rate is based. Variable and floating rate obligations are less effective than fixed rate instruments at locking in a particular yield. Nevertheless, such obligations may fluctuate in value in response to interest rate changes if there is a delay between changes in market interest rates and the interest reset date for the obligation, or for other reasons.

Custodial Receipts and Trust Certificates

Each Fund may invest in custodial receipts and trust certificates, which may be underwritten by securities dealers or banks, representing interests in securities held by a custodian or trustee. The securities so held may include U.S. Government Securities, municipal securities or other types of securities in which the Funds may invest. The custodial receipts or trust certificates are underwritten by securities dealers or banks and may evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments or both on the underlying securities, or, in some cases, the payment obligation of a third party that has entered into an interest rate swap or other arrangement with the custodian or trustee. For certain securities laws purposes, custodial receipts and trust certificates may not be considered obligations of the U.S. government or other issuer of the securities held by the custodian or trustee. As a holder of custodial receipts and trust certificates, the Funds will bear their proportionate share of the fees and expenses charged to the custodial account or trust. The Funds may also invest in separately issued interests in custodial receipts and trust certificates.

Although under the terms of a custodial receipt or trust certificate the Funds would typically be authorized to assert their rights directly against the issuer of the underlying obligation, the Funds could be required to assert through the custodian bank or trustee those rights as may exist against the underlying issuers. Thus, in the event an underlying issuer fails to pay principal and/or interest when due, the Funds may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would have been involved if the Funds had purchased a direct obligation of the issuer. In addition, in the event that the trust or custodial account in which the underlying securities have been deposited is determined to be an association taxable as a corporation, instead of a non-taxable entity, the yield on the underlying securities would be reduced in recognition of any taxes paid.

Certain custodial receipts and trust certificates may be synthetic or derivative instruments that have interest rates that reset inversely to changing short-term rates and/or have embedded interest rate floors and caps that require the issuer to pay an adjusted interest rate if market rates fall below or rise above a specified rate. Because some of these instruments represent relatively recent innovations, and the trading market for these instruments is less developed than the markets for traditional types of instruments, it is uncertain how these instruments will perform under different economic and interest-rate scenarios. Also, because these instruments may be leveraged, their market values may be more volatile than other types of fixed income instruments and may present greater potential for capital gain or loss. The possibility of default by an issuer or the issuer’s credit provider may be greater for these derivative instruments than for other types of instruments. In some cases, it may be difficult to determine the fair value of a derivative instrument because of a lack of reliable objective information and an established secondary market for some instruments may not exist. In many cases, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) has not ruled on the tax treatment of the interest or payments received on the derivative instruments and, accordingly, purchases of such instruments are based on the opinion of counsel to the sponsors of the instruments.

 

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Municipal Securities

The Income Builder Fund may invest in municipal securities. Municipal securities consist of bonds, notes and other instruments issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States (including the District of Columbia) and their political subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities, the interest on which is exempt from regular federal income tax. Municipal securities are often issued to obtain funds for various public purposes. Municipal securities also include “private activity bonds” or industrial development bonds, which are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to obtain funds for privately operated facilities, such as airports and waste disposal facilities, and, in some cases, commercial and industrial facilities.

The yields and market values of municipal securities are determined primarily by the general level of interest rates, the creditworthiness of the issuers of municipal securities and economic and political conditions affecting such issuers. Due to their tax exempt status, the yields and market prices of municipal securities may be adversely affected by changes in tax rates and policies, which may have less effect on the market for taxable fixed income securities. Moreover, certain types of municipal securities, such as housing revenue bonds, involve prepayment risks which could affect the yield on such securities. The credit rating assigned to municipal securities may reflect the existence of guarantees, letters of credit or other credit enhancement features available to the issuers or holders of such municipal securities.

Investments in municipal securities are subject to the risk that the issuer could default on its obligations. Such a default could result from the inadequacy of the sources or revenues from which interest and principal payments are to be made or the assets collateralizing such obligations. Revenue bonds, including private activity bonds, are backed only by specific assets or revenue sources and not by the full faith and credit of the governmental issuer.

Dividends paid by the Fund from any tax-exempt interest it may receive will not be tax-exempt.

Mortgage Loans and Mortgage-Backed Securities

Each Fund (other than the Structured Equity Funds) may invest in mortgage loans and mortgage pass-through securities and other securities representing an interest in or collateralized by adjustable and fixed rate mortgage loans (“Mortgage-Backed Securities”).

Mortgage-Backed Securities are subject to both call risk and extension risk. Because of these risks, these securities can have significantly greater price and yield volatility than traditional fixed income securities.

General Characteristics of Mortgage Backed Securities.

In general, each mortgage pool underlying Mortgage-Backed Securities consists of mortgage loans evidenced by promissory notes secured by first mortgages or first deeds of trust or other similar security instruments creating a first lien on owner occupied and non-owner occupied one-unit to four-unit residential properties, multi-family (i.e., five units or more) properties, agricultural properties, commercial properties and mixed use properties (the “Mortgaged Properties”). The Mortgaged Properties may consist of detached individual dwelling units, multi-family dwelling units, individual condominiums, townhouses, duplexes, triplexes, fourplexes, row houses, individual units in planned unit developments, other attached dwelling units (“Residential Mortgaged Properties”) or commercial properties, such as office properties, retail properties, hospitality properties, industrial properties, healthcare related properties or other types of income producing real property (“Commercial Mortgaged Properties”). Residential Mortgaged Properties may also include residential investment properties and second homes. In addition, the Mortgage-Backed Securities which are residential mortgage-backed securities may also consist of mortgage loans evidenced by promissory notes secured entirely or in part by second priority mortgage liens on Residential Mortgaged Properties.

The investment characteristics of adjustable and fixed rate Mortgage-Backed Securities differ from those of traditional fixed income securities. The major differences include the payment of interest and principal on Mortgage-Backed Securities on a more frequent (usually monthly) schedule, and the possibility that principal may be prepaid at any time due to prepayments on the underlying mortgage loans or other assets. These differences can result in significantly greater price and yield volatility than is the case with traditional fixed income securities. As a result, if a Fund purchases Mortgage-Backed Securities at a premium, a faster than expected prepayment rate will reduce both the market value and the yield to maturity from those which were anticipated. A prepayment rate that is slower than expected will have the opposite effect, increasing yield to maturity and market value. Conversely, if a Fund purchases Mortgage-Backed Securities at a discount, faster than expected prepayments will increase, while slower than expected prepayments will reduce yield to maturity and market value. To the extent that a Fund invests in Mortgage-Backed Securities, the Investment Adviser may seek to manage these potential risks by investing in a variety of Mortgage-Backed Securities and by using certain hedging techniques.

 

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Prepayments on a pool of mortgage loans are influenced by changes in current interest rates and a variety of economic, geographic, social and other factors (such as changes in mortgagor housing needs, job transfers, unemployment, mortgagor equity in the mortgage properties and servicing decisions). The timing and level of prepayments cannot be predicted. A predominant factor affecting the prepayment rate on a pool of mortgage loans is the difference between the interest rates on outstanding mortgage loans and prevailing mortgage loan interest rates (giving consideration to the cost of any refinancing). Generally, prepayments on mortgage loans will increase during a period of falling mortgage interest rates and decrease during a period of rising mortgage interest rates. Accordingly, the amounts of prepayments available for reinvestment by a Fund are likely to be greater during a period of declining mortgage interest rates. If general interest rates decline, such prepayments are likely to be reinvested at lower interest rates than a Fund was earning on the mortgage-backed securities that were prepaid. Due to these factors, mortgage-backed securities may be less effective than U.S. Treasury and other types of debt securities of similar maturity at maintaining yields during periods of declining interest rates. Because a Fund’s investments in Mortgage-Backed Securities are interest-rate sensitive, a Fund’s performance will depend in part upon the ability of the Fund to anticipate and respond to fluctuations in market interest rates and to utilize appropriate strategies to maximize returns to the Fund, while attempting to minimize the associated risks to its investment capital. Prepayments may have a disproportionate effect on certain mortgage-backed securities and other multiple class pass-through securities, which are discussed below.

The rate of interest paid on mortgage-backed securities is normally lower than the rate of interest paid on the mortgages included in the underlying pool due to (among other things) the fees paid to any servicer, special servicer and trustee for the trust fund which holds the mortgage pool, other costs and expenses of such trust fund, fees paid to any guarantor, such as Ginnie Mae (as defined below) or to any credit enhancers, mortgage pool insurers, bond insurers and/or hedge providers, and due to any yield retained by the issuer. Actual yield to the holder may vary from the coupon rate, even if adjustable, if the mortgage-backed securities are purchased or traded in the secondary market at a premium or discount. In addition, there is normally some delay between the time the issuer receives mortgage payments from the servicer and the time the issuer (or the trustee of the trust fund which holds the mortgage pool) makes the payments on the mortgage-backed securities, and this delay reduces the effective yield to the holder of such securities.

The issuers of certain mortgage-backed obligations may elect to have the pool of mortgage loans (or indirect interests in mortgage loans) underlying the securities treated as a REMIC, which is subject to special federal income tax rules. A description of the types of mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities in which certain of the Funds may invest is provided below. The descriptions are general and summary in nature, and do not detail every possible variation of the types of securities that are permissible investments for a Fund.

Certain General Characteristics of Mortgage Loans

Adjustable Rate Mortgage Loans (“ARMs”). Each Fund (other than the Structured Equity Funds) may invest in ARMs. ARMs generally provide for a fixed initial mortgage interest rate for a specified period of time. Thereafter, the interest rates (the “Mortgage Interest Rates”) may be subject to periodic adjustment based on changes in the applicable index rate (the “Index Rate”). The adjusted rate would be equal to the Index Rate plus a fixed percentage spread over the Index Rate established for each ARM at the time of its origination. ARMs allow a Fund to participate in increases in interest rates through periodic increases in the securities coupon rates. During periods of declining interest rates, coupon rates may readjust downward resulting in lower yields to a Fund.

Adjustable interest rates can cause payment increases that some mortgagors may find difficult to make. However, certain ARMs may provide that the Mortgage Interest Rate may not be adjusted to a rate above an applicable lifetime maximum rate or below an applicable lifetime minimum rate for such ARM. Certain ARMs may also be subject to limitations on the maximum amount by which the Mortgage Interest Rate may adjust for any single adjustment period (the “Maximum Adjustment”). Other ARMs (“Negatively Amortizing ARMs”) may provide instead or as well for limitations on changes in the monthly payment on such ARMs. Limitations on monthly payments can result in monthly payments which are greater or less than the amount necessary to amortize a Negatively Amortizing ARM by its maturity at the Mortgage Interest Rate in effect in any particular month. In the event that a monthly payment is not sufficient to pay the interest accruing on a Negatively Amortizing ARM, any such excess interest is added to the principal balance of the loan, causing negative amortization, and will be repaid through future monthly payments. It may take borrowers under Negatively Amortizing ARMs longer periods of time to build up equity and may increase the likelihood of default by such borrowers. In the event that a monthly payment exceeds the sum of the interest accrued at the applicable Mortgage Interest Rate and the principal payment which would have been necessary to amortize the outstanding principal balance over the remaining term of the loan, the excess (or “accelerated amortization”) further reduces the principal balance of the ARM. Negatively Amortizing ARMs do not provide for the extension of their original maturity to accommodate changes in their Mortgage Interest Rate. As a result, unless there is a periodic recalculation of the payment amount (which there generally is), the final payment may be substantially larger than the other payments. After the expiration of the initial fixed rate period and upon the periodic recalculation of the payment to cause timely amortization of the related mortgage loan, the monthly payment on such mortgage loan may increase substantially which may, in turn, increase the risk of the borrower defaulting in respect of such mortgage loan. These limitations on periodic increases in interest rates

 

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and on changes in monthly payments protect borrowers from unlimited interest rate and payment increases, but may result in increased credit exposure and prepayment risks for lenders. When interest due on a mortgage loan is added to the principal balance of such mortgage loan, the related mortgaged property provides proportionately less security for the repayment of such mortgage loan. Therefore, if the related borrower defaults on such mortgage loan, there is a greater likelihood that a loss will be incurred upon any liquidation of the mortgaged property which secures such mortgage loan.

ARMs also have the risk of prepayment. The rate of principal prepayments with respect to ARMs has fluctuated in recent years. The value of Mortgage-Backed Securities collateralized by ARMs is less likely to rise during periods of declining interest rates than the value of fixed-rate securities during such periods. Accordingly, ARMs may be subject to a greater rate of principal repayments in a declining interest rate environment resulting in lower yields to a Fund. For example, if prevailing interest rates fall significantly, ARMs could be subject to higher prepayment rates (than if prevailing interest rates remain constant or increase) because the availability of low fixed-rate mortgages may encourage mortgagors to refinance their ARMs to “lock-in” a fixed-rate mortgage. On the other hand, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of ARMs will lag behind changes in the market rate. ARMs are also typically subject to maximum increases and decreases in the interest rate adjustment which can be made on any one adjustment date, in any one year, or during the life of the security. In the event of dramatic increases or decreases in prevailing market interest rates, the value of a Fund’s investment in ARMs may fluctuate more substantially because these limits may prevent the security from fully adjusting its interest rate to the prevailing market rates. As with fixed-rate mortgages, ARM prepayment rates vary in both stable and changing interest rate environments.

There are two main categories of indices which provide the basis for rate adjustments on ARMs: those based on U.S. Treasury securities and those derived from a calculated measure, such as a cost of funds index or a moving average of mortgage rates. Indices commonly used for this purpose include the one-year, three-year and five-year constant maturity Treasury rates, the three-month Treasury bill rate, the 180-day Treasury bill rate, rates on longer-term Treasury securities, the 11th District Federal Home Loan Bank Cost of Funds, the National Median Cost of Funds, the one-month, three-month, six-month or one-year London Interbank Offered Rate, the prime rate of a specific bank, or commercial paper rates. Some indices, such as the one-year constant maturity Treasury rate, closely mirror changes in market interest rate levels. Others, such as the 11th District Federal Home Loan Bank Cost of Funds index, tend to lag behind changes in market rate levels and tend to be somewhat less volatile. The degree of volatility in the market value of ARMs in a Fund’s portfolio and, therefore, in the net asset value of the Fund’s shares, will be a function of the length of the interest rate reset periods and the degree of volatility in the applicable indices.

Fixed-Rate Mortgage Loans. Generally, fixed-rate mortgage loans included in mortgage pools (the “Fixed-Rate Mortgage Loans”) will bear simple interest at fixed annual rates and have original terms to maturity ranging from 5 to 40 years. Fixed-Rate Mortgage Loans generally provide for monthly payments of principal and interest in substantially equal installments for the term of the mortgage note in sufficient amounts to fully amortize principal by maturity, although certain Fixed-Rate Mortgage Loans provide for a large final “balloon” payment upon maturity.

Certain Legal Considerations of Mortgage Loans. The following is a discussion of certain legal and regulatory aspects of the mortgage loans in which the Funds may invest. This discussion is not exhaustive, and does not address all of the legal or regulatory aspects affecting mortgage loans. These regulations may impair the ability of a mortgage lender to enforce its rights under the mortgage documents. These regulations may also adversely affect a Fund’s investments in Mortgage-Backed Securities (including those issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities) by delaying the Fund’s receipt of payments derived from principal or interest on mortgage loans affected by such regulations.

 

1. Foreclosure. A foreclosure of a defaulted mortgage loan may be delayed due to compliance with statutory notice or service of process provisions, difficulties in locating necessary parties or legal challenges to the mortgagee’s right to foreclose. Depending upon market conditions, the ultimate proceeds of the sale of foreclosed property may not equal the amounts owed on the Mortgage-Backed Securities. Furthermore, courts in some cases have imposed general equitable principles upon foreclosure generally designed to relieve the borrower from the legal effect of default and have required lenders to undertake affirmative and expensive actions to determine the causes for the default and the likelihood of loan reinstatement.

 

2. Rights of Redemption. In some states, after foreclosure of a mortgage loan, the borrower and foreclosed junior lienors are given a statutory period in which to redeem the property, which right may diminish the mortgagee’s ability to sell the property.

 

3.

Legislative Limitations. In addition to anti-deficiency and related legislation, numerous other federal and state statutory provisions, including the federal bankruptcy laws and state laws affording relief to debtors, may interfere with or affect the ability of a secured mortgage lender to enforce its security interest. For example, a bankruptcy court may grant the debtor a reasonable time to cure a default on a mortgage loan, including a payment default. The court in certain instances may also reduce the monthly payments due under such mortgage loan, change the rate of interest, reduce the principal balance of the

 

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  loan to the then-current appraised value of the related mortgaged property, alter the mortgage loan repayment schedule and grant priority of certain liens over the lien of the mortgage loan. If a court relieves a borrower’s obligation to repay amounts otherwise due on a mortgage loan, the mortgage loan servicer will not be required to advance such amounts, and any loss may be borne by the holders of securities backed by such loans. In addition, numerous federal and state consumer protection laws impose penalties for failure to comply with specific requirements in connection with origination and servicing of mortgage loans.

 

4. “Due-on-Sale” Provisions. Fixed-rate mortgage loans may contain a so-called “due-on-sale” clause permitting acceleration of the maturity of the mortgage loan if the borrower transfers the property. The Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982 sets forth nine specific instances in which no mortgage lender covered by that Act may exercise a “due-on-sale” clause upon a transfer of property. The inability to enforce a “due-on-sale” clause or the lack of such a clause in mortgage loan documents may result in a mortgage loan being assumed by a purchaser of the property that bears an interest rate below the current market rate.

 

5. Usury Laws. Some states prohibit charging interest on mortgage loans in excess of statutory limits. If such limits are exceeded, substantial penalties may be incurred and, in some cases, enforceability of the obligation to pay principal and interest may be affected.

 

6. Recent Governmental Action, Legislation and Regulation. The rise in the rate of foreclosures of properties in certain states or localities has resulted in legislative, regulatory and enforcement action in such states or localities seeking to prevent or restrict foreclosures, particularly in respect of residential mortgage loans. Actions have also been brought against issuers and underwriters of residential mortgage-backed securities collateralized by such residential mortgage loans and investors in such residential mortgage-backed securities. Legislative or regulatory initiatives by federal, state or local legislative bodies or administrative agencies, if enacted or adopted, could delay foreclosure or the exercise of other remedies, provide new defenses to foreclosure, or otherwise impair the ability of the loan servicer to foreclose or realize on a defaulted residential mortgage loan included in a pool of residential mortgage loans backing such residential mortgage-backed securities. While the nature or extent of limitations on foreclosure or exercise of other remedies that may be enacted cannot be predicted, any such governmental actions that interfere with the foreclosure process could increase the costs of such foreclosures or exercise of other remedies in respect of residential mortgage loans which collateralize Mortgage-Backed Securities held by a Fund, delay the timing or reduce the amount of recoveries on defaulted residential mortgage loans which collateralize Mortgage-Backed Securities held by a Fund, and consequently, could adversely impact the yields and distributions a Fund may receive in respect of its ownership of Mortgage-Backed Securities collateralized by residential mortgage loans. For example, the Helping Families Save Their Homes Act of 2009 authorizes bankruptcy courts to assist bankrupt borrowers by restructuring residential mortgage loans secured by a lien on the borrower’s primary residence. Bankruptcy judges are permitted to reduce the interest rate of the bankrupt borrower’s residential mortgage loan, extend its term to maturity to up to 40 years or take other actions to reduce the borrower’s monthly payment. As a result, the value of, and the cash flows in respect of, the Mortgage-Backed Securities collateralized by these residential mortgage loans may be adversely impacted, and, as a consequence, a Fund’s investment in such Mortgage-Backed Securities could be adversely impacted. Other federal legislation, including the Home Affordability Modification Program (“HAMP”), encourages servicers to modify residential mortgage loans that are either already in default or are at risk of imminent default. Furthermore, HAMP provides incentives for servicers to modify residential mortgage loans that are contractually current. This program, as well other legislation and/or governmental intervention designed to protect consumers, may have an adverse impact on servicers of residential mortgage loans by increasing costs and expenses of these servicers while at the same time decreasing servicing cash flows. Such increased financial pressures may have a negative effect on the ability of servicers to pursue collection on residential mortgage loans that are experiencing increased delinquencies and defaults and to maximize recoveries on the sale of underlying residential mortgaged properties following foreclosure. Other legislative or regulatory actions include insulation of servicers from liability for modification of residential mortgage loans without regard to the terms of the applicable servicing agreements. The foregoing legislation and current and future governmental regulation activities may have the effect of reducing returns to a Fund to the extent it has invested in Mortgage-Backed Securities collateralized by these residential mortgage loans.

Government Guaranteed Mortgage-Backed Securities. There are several types of government guaranteed Mortgage-Backed Securities currently available, including guaranteed mortgage pass-through certificates and multiple class securities, which include guaranteed Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit Certificates (“REMIC Certificates”), other collateralized mortgage obligations and stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. Each of the Funds is permitted to invest in other types of Mortgage-Backed Securities that may be available in the future to the extent consistent with its investment policies and objective.

 

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A Fund’s investments in Mortgage-Backed Securities may include securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or one of its agencies, authorities, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”). Ginnie Mae securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, which means that the U.S. Government guarantees that the interest and principal will be paid when due. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac securities are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, and as a result, they are generally viewed by the market as high quality securities with low credit risks. From time to time, proposals have been introduced before Congress for the purpose of restricting or eliminating federal sponsorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac that issue guaranteed Mortgage-Backed Securities. The Trust cannot predict what legislation, if any, may be proposed in the future in Congress as regards such sponsorship or which proposals, if any, might be enacted. Such proposals, if enacted, might materially and adversely affect the availability of government guaranteed Mortgage-Backed Securities and the liquidity and value of a Fund’s portfolio.

There is risk that the U.S. Government will not provide financial support to its agencies, authorities, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. A Fund may purchase U.S. Government Securities that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, such as those issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The maximum potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. Government Securities held by a Fund may greatly exceed such issuers’ current resources, including such issuers’ legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. It is possible that these issuers will not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future.

Below is a general discussion of certain types of guaranteed Mortgage-Backed Securities in which each Fund (other than the Structured Equity Funds) may invest.

 

  o Ginnie Mae Certificates. Ginnie Mae is a wholly-owned corporate instrumentality of the United States. Ginnie Mae is authorized to guarantee the timely payment of the principal of and interest on certificates that are based on and backed by a pool of mortgage loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration (“VA”), or by pools of other eligible mortgage loans. In order to meet its obligations under any guaranty, Ginnie Mae is authorized to borrow from the United States Treasury in an unlimited amount. The National Housing Act provides that the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government is pledged to the timely payment of principal and interest by Ginnie Mae of amounts due on Ginnie Mae certificates.

 

  o Fannie Mae Certificates. Fannie Mae is a stockholder-owned corporation chartered under an act of the United States Congress. Generally, Fannie Mae Certificates are issued and guaranteed by Fannie Mae and represent an undivided interest in a pool of mortgage loans (a “Pool”) formed by Fannie Mae. A Pool consists of residential mortgage loans either previously owned by Fannie Mae or purchased by it in connection with the formation of the Pool. The mortgage loans may be either conventional mortgage loans (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any U.S. Government agency) or mortgage loans that are either insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. However, the mortgage loans in Fannie Mae Pools are primarily conventional mortgage loans. The lenders originating and servicing the mortgage loans are subject to certain eligibility requirements established by Fannie Mae. Fannie Mae has certain contractual responsibilities. With respect to each Pool, Fannie Mae is obligated to distribute scheduled installments of principal and interest after Fannie Mae’s servicing and guaranty fee, whether or not received, to Certificate holders. Fannie Mae also is obligated to distribute to holders of Certificates an amount equal to the full principal balance of any foreclosed mortgage loan, whether or not such principal balance is actually recovered. The obligations of Fannie Mae under its guaranty of the Fannie Mae Certificates are obligations solely of Fannie Mae. See “Certain Additional Information with Respect to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae” below.

 

  o Freddie Mac Certificates. Freddie Mac is a publicly held U.S. Government sponsored enterprise. A principal activity of Freddie Mac currently is the purchase of first lien, conventional, residential and multifamily mortgage loans and participation interests in such mortgage loans and their resale in the form of mortgage securities, primarily Freddie Mac Certificates. A Freddie Mac Certificate represents a pro rata interest in a group of mortgage loans or participations in mortgage loans (a “Freddie Mac Certificate group”) purchased by Freddie Mac. Freddie Mac guarantees to each registered holder of a Freddie Mac Certificate the timely payment of interest at the rate provided for by such Freddie Mac Certificate (whether or not received on the underlying loans). Freddie Mac also guarantees to each registered Certificate holder ultimate collection of all principal of the related mortgage loans, without any offset or deduction, but does not, generally, guarantee the timely payment of scheduled principal. The obligations of Freddie Mac under its guaranty of Freddie Mac Certificates are obligations solely of Freddie Mac. See “Certain Additional Information with Respect to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae” below.

The mortgage loans underlying the Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae Certificates consist of adjustable rate or fixed-rate mortgage loans with original terms to maturity of up to forty years. These mortgage loans are usually secured by first liens on one-to-four-family residential properties or multi-family projects. Each mortgage loan must meet the applicable standards set forth in the law creating Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae. A Freddie Mac Certificate group may include whole loans, participation interests in whole loans, undivided interests in whole loans and participations comprising another Freddie Mac Certificate group.

 

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Conventional Mortgage Loans. The conventional mortgage loans underlying the Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae Certificates consist of adjustable rate or fixed-rate mortgage loans normally with original terms to maturity of between five and thirty years. Substantially all of these mortgage loans are secured by first liens on one- to four-family residential properties or multi-family projects. Each mortgage loan must meet the applicable standards set forth in the law creating Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae. A Freddie Mac Certificate group may include whole loans, participation interests in whole loans, undivided interests in whole loans and participations comprising another Freddie Mac Certificate group.

Certain Additional Information with Respect to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The volatility and disruption that impacted the capital and credit markets during late 2008 and into 2009 have led to increased market concerns about Freddie Mac’s and Fannie Mae’s ability to withstand future credit losses associated with securities held in their investment portfolios, and on which they provide guarantees, without the direct support of the federal government. On September 6, 2008, both Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were placed under the conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”). Under the plan of conservatorship, the FHFA has assumed control of, and generally has the power to direct, the operations of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and is empowered to exercise all powers collectively held by their respective shareholders, directors and officers, including the power to (1) take over the assets of and operate Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae with all the powers of the shareholders, the directors, and the officers of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and conduct all business of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (2) collect all obligations and money due to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (3) perform all functions of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which are consistent with the conservator’s appointment; (4) preserve and conserve the assets and property of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; and (5) contract for assistance in fulfilling any function, activity, action or duty of the conservator. In addition, in connection with the actions taken by the FHFA, the U.S. Treasury Department (the “Treasury”) has entered into certain preferred stock purchase agreements with each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which establish the Treasury as the holder of a new class of senior preferred stock in each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, which stock was issued in connection with financial contributions from the Treasury to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The conditions attached to the financial contribution made by the Treasury to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and the issuance of this senior preferred stock place significant restrictions on the activities of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae must obtain the consent of the Treasury to, among other things, (i) make any payment to purchase or redeem its capital stock or pay any dividend other than in respect of the senior preferred stock to the Treasury, (ii) issue capital stock of any kind, (iii) terminate the conservatorship of the FHFA except in connection with a receivership, or (iv) increase its debt beyond certain specified levels. In addition, significant restrictions are placed on the maximum size of each of Freddie Mac’s and Fannie Mae’s respective portfolios of mortgages and Mortgage-Backed Securities, and the purchase agreements entered into by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae provide that the maximum size of their portfolios of these assets must decrease by a specified percentage each year. On June 16, 2010, FHFA ordered Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac’s stock de-listed from the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) after the price of common stock in Fannie Mae fell below the NYSE minimum average closing price of $1 for more than 30 days.

The future status and role of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae could be impacted by (among other things) the actions taken and restrictions placed on Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by the FHFA in is role as conservator, the restrictions placed on Freddie Mac’s and Fannie Mae’s operations and activities as a result of the senior preferred stock investment made by the Treasury, market responses to developments at Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and future legislative and regulatory action that alters the operations, ownership, structure and/or mission of these institutions, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows on, any Mortgage-Backed Securities guaranteed by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, including any such Mortgage-Backed Securities held by a Fund.

Privately Issued Mortgage-Backed Securities. Each Fund (other than the Structured Equity Funds) may invest in privately issued Mortgage-Backed Securities. Privately issued Mortgage-Backed Securities are generally backed by pools of conventional (i.e., non-government guaranteed or insured) mortgage loans. The seller or servicer of the underlying mortgage obligations will generally make representations and warranties to certificate-holders as to certain characteristics of the mortgage loans and as to the accuracy of certain information furnished to the trustee in respect of each such mortgage loan. Upon a breach of any representation or warranty that materially and adversely affects the interests of the related certificate-holders in a mortgage loan, the seller or servicer generally will be obligated either to cure the breach in all material respects, to repurchase the mortgage loan or, if the related agreement so provides, to substitute in its place a mortgage loan pursuant to the conditions set forth therein. Such a repurchase or substitution obligation may constitute the sole remedy available to the related certificate-holders or the trustee for the material breach of any such representation or warranty by the seller or servicer.

Mortgage Pass-Through Securities

To the extent consistent with their investment policies, each Fund (other than the Structured Equity Funds) may invest in both government guaranteed and privately issued mortgage pass-through securities (“Mortgage Pass-Throughs”) that are fixed or adjustable rate Mortgage-Backed Securities which provide for monthly payments that are a “pass-through” of the monthly interest and principal

 

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payments (including any prepayments) made by the individual borrowers on the pooled mortgage loans, net of any fees or other amounts paid to any guarantor, administrator and/or servicer of the underlying mortgage loans. The seller or servicer of the underlying mortgage obligations will generally make representations and warranties to certificate-holders as to certain characteristics of the mortgage loans and as to the accuracy of certain information furnished to the trustee in respect of each such mortgage loan. Upon a breach of any representation or warranty that materially and adversely affects the interests of the related certificate-holders in a mortgage loan, the seller or servicer may be obligated either to cure the breach in all material respects, to repurchase the mortgage loan or, if the related agreement so provides, to substitute in its place a mortgage loan pursuant to the conditions set forth therein. Such a repurchase or substitution obligation may constitute the sole remedy available to the related certificate-holders or the trustee for the material breach of any such representation or warranty by the seller or servicer.

The following discussion describes certain aspects of only a few of the wide variety of structures of Mortgage Pass-Throughs that are available or may be issued.

General Description of Certificates. Mortgage Pass-Throughs may be issued in one or more classes of senior certificates and one or more classes of subordinate certificates. Each such class may bear a different pass-through rate. Generally, each certificate will evidence the specified interest of the holder thereof in the payments of principal or interest or both in respect of the mortgage pool comprising part of the trust fund for such certificates.

Any class of certificates may also be divided into subclasses entitled to varying amounts of principal and interest. If a REMIC election has been made, certificates of such subclasses may be entitled to payments on the basis of a stated principal balance and stated interest rate, and payments among different subclasses may be made on a sequential, concurrent, pro rata or disproportionate basis, or any combination thereof. The stated interest rate on any such subclass of certificates may be a fixed rate or one which varies in direct or inverse relationship to an objective interest index.

Generally, each registered holder of a certificate will be entitled to receive its pro rata share of monthly distributions of all or a portion of principal of the underlying mortgage loans or of interest on the principal balances thereof, which accrues at the applicable mortgage pass-through rate, or both. The difference between the mortgage interest rate and the related mortgage pass-through rate (less the amount, if any, of retained yield) with respect to each mortgage loan will generally be paid to the servicer as a servicing fee. Because certain adjustable rate mortgage loans included in a mortgage pool may provide for deferred interest (i.e., negative amortization), the amount of interest actually paid by a mortgagor in any month may be less than the amount of interest accrued on the outstanding principal balance of the related mortgage loan during the relevant period at the applicable mortgage interest rate. In such event, the amount of interest that is treated as deferred interest will generally be added to the principal balance of the related mortgage loan and will be distributed pro rata to certificate-holders as principal of such mortgage loan when paid by the mortgagor in subsequent monthly payments or at maturity.

Ratings. The ratings assigned by a rating organization to Mortgage Pass-Throughs generally address the likelihood of the receipt of distributions on the underlying mortgage loans by the related certificate-holders under the agreements pursuant to which such certificates are issued. A rating organization’s ratings normally take into consideration the credit quality of the related mortgage pool, including any credit support providers, structural and legal aspects associated with such certificates, and the extent to which the payment stream on such mortgage pool is adequate to make payments required by such certificates. A rating organization’s ratings on such certificates do not, however, constitute a statement regarding frequency of prepayments on the related mortgage loans. In addition, the rating assigned by a rating organization to a certificate may not address the possibility that, in the event of the insolvency of the issuer of certificates where a subordinated interest was retained, the issuance and sale of the senior certificates may be recharacterized as a financing and, as a result of such recharacterization, payments on such certificates may be affected. A rating organization may downgrade or withdraw a rating assigned by it to any Mortgage Pass-Through at any time, and no assurance can be made that any ratings on any Mortgage Pass-Throughs included in a Fund will be maintained, or that if such ratings are assigned, they will not be downgraded or withdrawn by the assigning rating organization.

Recently, rating agencies have placed on credit watch or downgraded the ratings previously assigned to a large number of mortgage-backed securities (which may include certain of the Mortgage-Backed Securities in which certain of the Funds may have invested or may in the future be invested), and may continue to do so in the future. In the event that any Mortgage-Backed Security held by a Fund is placed on credit watch or downgraded, the value of such Mortgage-Backed Security may decline and the Fund may consequently experience losses in respect of such Mortgage-Backed Security.

Credit Enhancement. Mortgage pools created by non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher yield than government and government-related pools because of the absence of direct or indirect government or agency payment guarantees. To lessen the effect of failures by obligors on underlying assets to make payments, Mortgage Pass-Throughs may contain elements of credit support. Credit support falls generally into two categories: (i) liquidity protection and (ii) protection against losses resulting from default by an obligor on the underlying assets. Liquidity protection refers to the provision of advances, generally by the entity administering the

 

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pools of mortgages, the provision of a reserve fund, or a combination thereof, to ensure, subject to certain limitations, that scheduled payments on the underlying pool are made in a timely fashion. Protection against losses resulting from default ensures ultimate payment of the obligations on at least a portion of the assets in the pool. Such credit support can be provided by, among other things, payment guarantees, letters of credit, pool insurance, subordination, or any combination thereof.

Subordination; Shifting of Interest; Reserve Fund. In order to achieve ratings on one or more classes of Mortgage Pass-Throughs, one or more classes of certificates may be subordinate certificates which provide that the rights of the subordinate certificate-holders to receive any or a specified portion of distributions with respect to the underlying mortgage loans may be subordinated to the rights of the senior certificate holders. If so structured, the subordination feature may be enhanced by distributing to the senior certificate-holders on certain distribution dates, as payment of principal, a specified percentage (which generally declines over time) of all principal payments received during the preceding prepayment period (“shifting interest credit enhancement”). This will have the effect of accelerating the amortization of the senior certificates while increasing the interest in the trust fund evidenced by the subordinate certificates. Increasing the interest of the subordinate certificates relative to that of the senior certificates is intended to preserve the availability of the subordination provided by the subordinate certificates. In addition, because the senior certificate-holders in a shifting interest credit enhancement structure are entitled to receive a percentage of principal prepayments which is greater than their proportionate interest in the trust fund, the rate of principal prepayments on the mortgage loans may have an even greater effect on the rate of principal payments and the amount of interest payments on, and the yield to maturity of, the senior certificates.

In addition to providing for a preferential right of the senior certificate-holders to receive current distributions from the mortgage pool, a reserve fund may be established relating to such certificates (the “Reserve Fund”). The Reserve Fund may be created with an initial cash deposit by the originator or servicer and augmented by the retention of distributions otherwise available to the subordinate certificate-holders or by excess servicing fees until the Reserve Fund reaches a specified amount.

The subordination feature, and any Reserve Fund, are intended to enhance the likelihood of timely receipt by senior certificate-holders of the full amount of scheduled monthly payments of principal and interest due to them and will protect the senior certificate-holders against certain losses; however, in certain circumstances the Reserve Fund could be depleted and temporary shortfalls could result. In the event that the Reserve Fund is depleted before the subordinated amount is reduced to zero, senior certificate-holders will nevertheless have a preferential right to receive current distributions from the mortgage pool to the extent of the then outstanding subordinated amount. Unless otherwise specified, until the subordinated amount is reduced to zero, on any distribution date any amount otherwise distributable to the subordinate certificates or, to the extent specified, in the Reserve Fund will generally be used to offset the amount of any losses realized with respect to the mortgage loans (“Realized Losses”). Realized Losses remaining after application of such amounts will generally be applied to reduce the ownership interest of the subordinate certificates in the mortgage pool. If the subordinated amount has been reduced to zero, Realized Losses generally will be allocated pro rata among all certificate-holders in proportion to their respective outstanding interests in the mortgage pool.

Alternative Credit Enhancement. As an alternative, or in addition to the credit enhancement afforded by subordination, credit enhancement for Mortgage Pass-Throughs may be provided through bond insurers, or at the mortgage loan-level through mortgage insurance, hazard insurance, or through the deposit of cash, certificates of deposit, letters of credit, a limited guaranty or by such other methods as are acceptable to a rating agency. In certain circumstances, such as where credit enhancement is provided by bond insurers, guarantees or letters of credit, the security is subject to credit risk because of its exposure to the credit risk of an external credit enhancement provider.

Voluntary Advances. Generally, in the event of delinquencies in payments on the mortgage loans underlying the Mortgage Pass-Throughs, the servicer may agree to make advances of cash for the benefit of certificate-holders, but generally will do so only to the extent that it determines such voluntary advances will be recoverable from future payments and collections on the mortgage loans or otherwise.

Optional Termination. Generally, the servicer may, at its option with respect to any certificates, repurchase all of the underlying mortgage loans remaining outstanding at such time if the aggregate outstanding principal balance of such mortgage loans is less than a specified percentage (generally 5-10%) of the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the mortgage loans as of the cut-off date specified with respect to such series.

Multiple Class Mortgage-Backed Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. Each Fund (other than the Structured Equity Funds) may invest in multiple class securities including collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) and REMIC Certificates. These securities may be issued by U.S. Government agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac or by trusts formed by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage bankers, commercial banks, insurance companies, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing. In general, CMOs are debt obligations of a legal entity that are collateralized by, and multiple class Mortgage-Backed Securities represent direct ownership interests in, a pool of mortgage loans or Mortgage-Backed Securities the payments on which are used to make payments on the CMOs or multiple class Mortgage-Backed Securities.

 

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Fannie Mae REMIC Certificates are issued and guaranteed as to timely distribution of principal and interest by Fannie Mae. In addition, Fannie Mae will be obligated to distribute the principal balance of each class of REMIC Certificates in full, whether or not sufficient funds are otherwise available.

Freddie Mac guarantees the timely payment of interest on Freddie Mac REMIC Certificates and also guarantees the payment of principal as payments are required to be made on the underlying mortgage participation certificates (“PCs”). PCs represent undivided interests in specified level payment, residential mortgages or participations therein purchased by Freddie Mac and placed in a PC pool. With respect to principal payments on PCs, Freddie Mac generally guarantees ultimate collection of all principal of the related mortgage loans without offset or deduction but the receipt of the required payments may be delayed. Freddie Mac also guarantees timely payment of principal of certain PCs.

CMOs and guaranteed REMIC Certificates issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are types of multiple class Mortgage-Backed Securities. The REMIC Certificates represent beneficial ownership interests in a REMIC trust, generally consisting of mortgage loans or Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae guaranteed Mortgage-Backed Securities (the “Mortgage Assets”). The obligations of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac under their respective guaranty of the REMIC Certificates are obligations solely of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, respectively. See “Certain Additional Information with Respect to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae.”

CMOs and REMIC Certificates are issued in multiple classes. Each class of CMOs or REMIC Certificates, often referred to as a “tranche,” is issued at a specific adjustable or fixed interest rate and must be fully retired no later than its final distribution date. Principal prepayments on the mortgage loans or the Mortgage Assets underlying the CMOs or REMIC Certificates may cause some or all of the classes of CMOs or REMIC Certificates to be retired substantially earlier than their final distribution dates. Generally, interest is paid or accrues on all classes of CMOs or REMIC Certificates on a monthly basis.

The principal of and interest on the Mortgage Assets may be allocated among the several classes of CMOs or REMIC Certificates in various ways. In certain structures (known as “sequential pay” CMOs or REMIC Certificates), payments of principal, including any principal prepayments, on the Mortgage Assets generally are applied to the classes of CMOs or REMIC Certificates in the order of their respective final distribution dates. Thus, no payment of principal will be made on any class of sequential pay CMOs or REMIC Certificates until all other classes having an earlier final distribution date have been paid in full.

Additional structures of CMOs and REMIC Certificates include, among others, “parallel pay” CMOs and REMIC Certificates. Parallel pay CMOs or REMIC Certificates are those which are structured to apply principal payments and prepayments of the Mortgage Assets to two or more classes concurrently on a proportionate or disproportionate basis. These simultaneous payments are taken into account in calculating the final distribution date of each class.

A wide variety of REMIC Certificates may be issued in parallel pay or sequential pay structures. These securities include accrual certificates (also known as “Z-Bonds”), which only accrue interest at a specified rate until all other certificates having an earlier final distribution date have been retired and are converted thereafter to an interest-paying security, and planned amortization class (“PAC”) certificates, which are parallel pay REMIC Certificates that generally require that specified amounts of principal be applied on each payment date to one or more classes or REMIC Certificates (the “PAC Certificates”), even though all other principal payments and prepayments of the Mortgage Assets are then required to be applied to one or more other classes of the PAC Certificates. The scheduled principal payments for the PAC Certificates generally have the highest priority on each payment date after interest due has been paid to all classes entitled to receive interest currently. Shortfalls, if any, are added to the amount payable on the next payment date. The PAC Certificate payment schedule is taken into account in calculating the final distribution date of each class of PAC. In order to create PAC tranches, one or more tranches generally must be created that absorb most of the volatility in the underlying mortgage assets. These tranches tend to have market prices and yields that are much more volatile than other PAC classes.

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities. Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”). are a type of Mortgage Pass-Through that are primarily backed by a pool of commercial mortgage loans. The commercial mortgage loans are, in turn, generally secured by commercial mortgaged properties (such as office properties, retail properties, hospitality properties, industrial properties, healthcare related properties or other types of income producing real property). CMBS generally entitle the holders thereof to receive payments that depend primarily on the cash flow from a specified pool of commercial or multifamily mortgage loans. CMBS will be affected by payments, defaults, delinquencies and losses on the underlying mortgage loans. The underlying mortgage loans generally are secured by income producing properties such as office properties, retail properties, multifamily properties, manufactured housing, hospitality properties, industrial properties and self storage properties. Because issuers of CMBS have no significant assets other than the underlying commercial real estate loans and because of the significant credit risks inherent in the underlying collateral, credit risk is a correspondingly important consideration with respect to the related CMBS Securities. Certain of the mortgage loans underlying CMBS Securities constituting part of the collateral interests may be delinquent, in default or in foreclosure.

 

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Commercial real estate lending may expose a lender (and the related Mortgage-Backed Security) to a greater risk of loss than certain other forms of lending because it typically involves making larger loans to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. In addition, in the case of certain commercial mortgage loans, repayment of loans secured by commercial and multifamily properties depends upon the ability of the related real estate project to generate income sufficient to pay debt service, operating expenses and leasing commissions and to make necessary repairs, tenant improvements and capital improvements, and in the case of loans that do not fully amortize over their terms, to retain sufficient value to permit the borrower to pay off the loan at maturity through a sale or refinancing of the mortgaged property. The net operating income from and value of any commercial property is subject to various risks, including changes in general or local economic conditions and/or specific industry segments; declines in real estate values; declines in rental or occupancy rates; increases in interest rates, real estate tax rates and other operating expenses; changes in governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies; acts of God; terrorist threats and attacks and social unrest and civil disturbances. In addition, certain of the mortgaged properties securing the pools of commercial mortgage loans underlying CMBS may have a higher degree of geographic concentration in a few states or regions. Any deterioration in the real estate market or economy or adverse events in such states or regions, may increase the rate of delinquency and default experience (and as a consequence, losses) with respect to mortgage loans related to properties in such state or region. Pools of mortgaged properties securing the commercial mortgage loans underlying CMBS may also have a higher degree of concentration in certain types of commercial properties. Accordingly, such pools of mortgage loans represent higher exposure to risks particular to those types of commercial properties. Certain pools of commercial mortgage loans underlying CMBS consist of a fewer number of mortgage loans with outstanding balances that are larger than average. If a mortgage pool includes mortgage loans with larger than average balances, any realized losses on such mortgage loans could be more severe, relative to the size of the pool, than would be the case if the aggregate balance of the pool were distributed among a larger number of mortgage loans. Certain borrowers or affiliates thereof relating to certain of the commercial mortgage loans underlying CMBS may have had a history of bankruptcy. Certain mortgaged properties securing the commercial mortgage loans underlying CMBS may have been exposed to environmental conditions or circumstances. The ratings in respect of certain of the CMBS comprising the Mortgage-Backed Securities may have been withdrawn, reduced or placed on credit watch since issuance. In addition, losses and/or appraisal reductions may be allocated to certain of such CMBS and certain of the collateral or the assets underlying such collateral may be delinquent and/or may default from time to time.

CMBS held by a Fund may be subordinated to one or more other classes of securities of the same series for purposes of, among other things, establishing payment priorities and offsetting losses and other shortfalls with respect to the related underlying mortgage loans. Realized losses in respect of the mortgage loans included in the CMBS pool and trust expenses generally will be allocated to the most subordinated class of securities of the related series. Accordingly, to the extent any CMBS is or becomes the most subordinated class of securities of the related series, any delinquency or default on any underlying mortgage loan may result in shortfalls, realized loss allocations or extensions of its weighted average life and will have a more immediate and disproportionate effect on the related CMBS than on a related more senior class of CMBS of the same series. Further, even if a class is not the most subordinate class of securities, there can be no assurance that the subordination offered to such class will be sufficient on any date to offset all losses or expenses incurred by the underlying trust. CMBS are typically not guaranteed or insured, and distributions on such CMBS generally will depend solely upon the amount and timing of payments and other collections on the related underlying commercial mortgage loans.

Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. The Income Builder Fund may invest in stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”), which are derivative multiclass mortgage securities, issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities or non-governmental originators. SMBS are usually structured with two different classes: one that receives substantially all of the interest payments (the interest-only, or “IO” and/or the high coupon rate with relatively low principal amount, or “IOette”), and the other that receives substantially all of the principal payments (the principal-only, or “PO”), from a pool of mortgage loans.

Certain SMBS may not be readily marketable and will be considered illiquid for purposes of a Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities. The Investment Adviser may determine that SMBS which are U.S. Government Securities are liquid for purposes of a Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities. The market value of POs generally is unusually volatile in response to changes in interest rates. The yields on IOs and IOettes are generally higher than prevailing market yields on other Mortgage-Backed Securities because their cash flow patterns are more volatile and there is a greater risk that the initial investment will not be fully recouped. A Fund’s investment in SMBS may require the Fund to sell certain of its portfolio securities to generate sufficient cash to satisfy certain income distribution requirements.

Asset-Backed Securities

Each Fund (other than the Structured Equity Funds) may invest in asset-backed securities. Asset-backed securities represent participations in, or are secured by and payable from, assets such as motor vehicle installment sales, installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property, receivables from revolving credit (credit card) agreements and other categories of receivables. Such assets are securitized through the use of trusts and special purpose corporations. Payments or distributions of principal and interest may be guaranteed up to certain amounts and for a certain time period by a letter of credit or a pool insurance policy issued by a financial institution unaffiliated with the trust or corporation, or other credit enhancements may be present.

 

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Such securities are often subject to more rapid repayment than their stated maturity date would indicate as a result of the pass-through of prepayments of principal on the underlying loans. During periods of declining interest rates, prepayment of loans underlying asset-backed securities can be expected to accelerate. Accordingly, the Fund’s ability to maintain positions in such securities will be affected by reductions in the principal amount of such securities resulting from prepayments, and its ability to reinvest the returns of principal at comparable yields is subject to generally prevailing interest rates at that time. To the extent that a Fund invests in asset-backed securities, the values of the Fund’s portfolio securities will vary with changes in market interest rates generally and the differentials in yields among various kinds of asset-backed securities.

Asset-backed securities present certain additional risks because asset-backed securities generally do not have the benefit of a security interest in collateral that is comparable to mortgage assets. Credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors on such receivables are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set-off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Automobile receivables generally are secured, but by automobiles rather than residential real property. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit the loan servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the asset-backed securities. In addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have a proper security interest in the underlying automobiles. Therefore, if the issuer of an asset-backed security defaults on its payment obligations, there is the possibility that, in some cases, a Fund will be unable to possess and sell the underlying collateral and that the Fund’s recoveries on repossessed collateral may not be available to support payments on these securities.

Recent Events Relating to the Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities Markets and the Overall Economy

The recent and unprecedented disruption in the residential mortgage-backed securities market (and in particular, the “subprime” residential mortgage market), the broader mortgage-backed securities market and the asset-backed securities market have resulted (and continue to result) in downward price pressures and increasing foreclosures and defaults in residential and commercial real estate. Concerns over inflation, energy costs, geopolitical issues, the availability and cost of credit, the mortgage market and a depressed real estate market have contributed to increased volatility and diminished expectations for the economy and markets going forward, and have contributed to dramatic declines in the housing market, with falling home prices and increasing foreclosures and unemployment, and significant asset write-downs by financial institutions. These conditions have prompted a number of financial institutions to seek additional capital, to merge with other institutions and, in some cases, to fail or seek bankruptcy protection. Since 2008, the market for Mortgage-Backed Securities (as well as other asset-backed securities) has been particularly adversely impacted by, among other factors, the failure and subsequent sale of Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. to J.P. Morgan Chase, the merger of Bank of America Corporation and Merrill Lynch & Co., the insolvency of Washington Mutual Inc., the failure and subsequent bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc., the extension of approximately $152 billion in emergency credit by the U.S. Department of the Treasury to American International Group Inc., and, as described above, the conservatorship and the control by the U.S. government of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Furthermore, the global markets have seen an increase in volatility due to uncertainty surrounding the level and sustainability of sovereign debt of certain countries that are part of the European Union, including Greece, Spain, Portugal, Ireland and Italy, as well as the sustainability of the European Union itself. Recent concerns over the level and sustainability of the sovereign debt of the United States have aggravated this volatility. No assurance can be made that this uncertainty will not lead to further disruption of the credit markets in the United States or around the globe. These events, coupled with the general global economic downturn, have resulted in a substantial level of uncertainty in the financial markets, particularly with respect to mortgage-related investments.

The continuation or worsening of this general economic downturn may lead to further declines in income from, or the value of, real estate, including the real estate which secures the Mortgage-Backed Securities held by a Fund. Additionally, a lack of credit liquidity, adjustments of mortgages to higher rates and decreases in the value of real property have occurred and may continue to occur or worsen, and potentially prevent borrowers from refinancing their mortgages, which may increase the likelihood of default on their mortgage loans. These economic conditions, coupled with high levels of real estate inventory and elevated incidence of underwater mortgages, may also adversely affect the amount of proceeds the holder of a mortgage loan or mortgage-backed securities (including the Mortgaged-Backed Securities in which certain Funds may invest) would realize in the event of a foreclosure or other exercise of remedies. Moreover, even if such Mortgage-Backed Securities are performing as anticipated, the value of such securities in the secondary market may nevertheless fall or continue to fall as a result of deterioration in general market conditions for such Mortgage-Backed Securities or other asset-backed or structured products. Trading activity associated with market indices may also drive spreads on those indices wider than spreads on Mortgage-Backed Securities, thereby resulting in a decrease in value of such Mortgage-Backed Securities, including the Mortgage-Backed Securities owned by a Fund.

 

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The U.S. Government, the Federal Reserve, the Treasury, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and other governmental and regulatory bodies have recently taken or are considering taking actions to address the financial crisis. These actions include, but are not limited to, the enactment by the United States Congress of the “Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act”, which was signed into law on July 21, 2010 and imposes a new regulatory framework over the U.S. financial services industry and the consumer credit markets in general, and proposed regulations by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which, if enacted, would significantly alter the manner in which asset-backed securities, including Mortgage-Backed Securities, are issued. Given the broad scope, sweeping nature, and relatively recent enactment of some of these regulatory measures, the potential impact they could have on any of the asset-backed or Mortgage-Backed Securities held by the Funds is unknown. There can be no assurance that these measures will not have an adverse effect on the value or marketability of any asset-backed or Mortgage-Backed Securities held by the Funds. Furthermore, no assurance can be made that the U.S. Government or any U.S. regulatory body (or other authority or regulatory body) will not continue to take further legislative or regulatory action in response to the economic crisis or otherwise, and the effect of such actions, if taken, cannot be known.

Among its other provisions, the Dodd-Frank Act creates a liquidation framework under which the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”), may be appointed as receiver following a “systemic risk determination” by the Secretary of Treasury (in consultation with the President) for the resolution of certain nonbank financial companies and other entities, defined as “covered financial companies”, and commonly referred to as “systemically important entities”, in the event such a company is in default or in danger of default and the resolution of such a company under other applicable law would have serious adverse effects on financial stability in the United States, and also for the resolution of certain of their subsidiaries. No assurances can be given that this new liquidation framework would not apply to the originators of asset-backed securities, including Mortgage-Backed Securities, or their respective subsidiaries, including the issuers and depositors of such securities, although the expectation embedded in the Dodd-Frank Act is that the framework will be invoked only very rarely. Recent guidance from the FDIC indicates that such new framework will largely be exercised in a manner consistent with the existing bankruptcy laws, which is the insolvency regime that would otherwise apply to the sponsors, depositors and issuing entities with respect to asset-backed securities, including Mortgage-Backed Securities. The application of such liquidation framework to such entities could result in decreases or delays in amounts paid on, and hence the market value of, the Mortgage-Backed or asset-backed securities that are owned by a Fund.

Recently, delinquencies, defaults and losses on residential mortgage loans have increased substantially and may continue to increase, which may affect the performance of the Mortgage-Backed Securities in which certain Funds may invest. Mortgage loans backing non-agency Mortgage-Backed Securities are more sensitive to economic factors that could affect the ability of borrowers to pay their obligations under the mortgage loans backing these securities. In addition, in recent months housing prices and appraisal values in many states and localities have declined or stopped appreciating. A continued decline or an extended flattening of those values may result in additional increases in delinquencies and losses on Mortgage-Backed Securities generally (including the Mortgaged-Backed Securities that the Funds may invest in as described above).

The foregoing adverse changes in market conditions and regulatory climate may reduce the cash flow which a Fund, to the extent it invests in Mortgage-Backed Securities or other asset-backed securities, receives from such securities and increase the incidence and severity of credit events and losses in respect of such securities. In addition, interest rate spreads for Mortgage-Backed Securities have widened and are more volatile when compared to the recent past due to these adverse changes in market conditions. In the event that interest rate spreads for Mortgage-Backed Securities and other asset-backed securities widen following the purchase of such assets by a Fund, the market value of such securities is likely to decline and, in the case of a substantial spread widening, could decline by a substantial amount. Furthermore, these adverse changes in market conditions have resulted in reduced liquidity in the market for Mortgage-Backed Securities and other asset-backed securities (including the Mortgaged-Backed Securities and other asset-backed securities in which certain Funds may invest) and increasing unwillingness by banks, financial institutions and investors to extend credit to servicers, originators and other participants in the market for Mortgage-Backed and other asset-backed securities. As a result, the liquidity and/or the market value of any Mortgage-Backed or asset-backed securities that are owned by a Fund may experience further declines after they are purchased by the Fund.

Inverse Floating Rate Securities

The Income Builder Fund may invest in leveraged inverse floating rate debt instruments (“inverse floaters”). The interest rate on an inverse floater resets in the opposite direction from the market rate of interest to which the inverse floater is indexed. An inverse floater may be considered to be leveraged to the extent that its interest rate varies by a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of the change in the index rate of interest. The higher degree of leverage inherent in inverse floaters is associated with greater volatility in their market values. Accordingly, the duration of an inverse floater may exceed its stated final maturity. Certain inverse floaters may be deemed to be illiquid securities for purposes of the Fund’s 15% limitation on investments in such securities.

 

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Loan Participations

The Income Builer Fund may invest in loan participations. Such loans must be to issuers in whose obligations the Fund may invest. A loan participation is an interest in a loan to a U.S. or foreign company or other borrower which is administered and sold by a financial intermediary. In a typical corporate loan syndication, a number of lenders, usually banks (co-lenders), lend a corporate borrower a specified sum pursuant to the terms and conditions of a loan agreement. One of the co-lenders usually agrees to act as the agent bank with respect to the loan.

Participation interests acquired by the Fund may take the form of a direct or co-lending relationship with the corporate borrower, an assignment of an interest in the loan by a co-lender or another participant, or a participation in the seller’s share of the loan. When the Fund acts as co-lender in connection with a participation interest or when the Fund acquires certain participation interests, the Fund will have direct recourse against the borrower if the borrower fails to pay scheduled principal and interest. In cases where the Fund lacks direct recourse, it will look to the agent bank to enforce appropriate credit remedies against the borrower. In these cases, the Fund may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would have been involved if the Fund had purchased a direct obligation (such as commercial paper) of such borrower. For example, in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the corporate borrower, a loan participation may be subject to certain defenses by the borrower as a result of improper conduct by the agent bank. Moreover, under the terms of the loan participation, the Fund may be regarded as a creditor of the agent bank (rather than of the underlying corporate borrower), so that the Fund may also be subject to the risk that the agent bank may become insolvent. The secondary market, if any, for these loan participations is limited and loan participations purchased by the Fund will normally be regarded as illiquid.

For purposes of certain investment limitations pertaining to diversification of the Fund’s portfolio investments, the issuer of a loan participation will be the underlying borrower. However, in cases where the Fund does not have recourse directly against the borrower, both the borrower and each agent bank and co-lender interposed between the Fund and the borrower will be deemed issuers of a loan participation.

High Yield Securities

The International Equity Funds and Income Builder Fund may invest in bonds rated BB+ or below by Standard & Poor’s or Ba1 or below by Moody’s (or comparable rated and unrated securities). These bonds are commonly referred to as “junk bonds” and are considered speculative. Each of the International Equity Funds may invest up to 20% of its net assets in non-investment grade securities. The ability of issuers of non-investment grade securities to make principal and interest by payments may be questionable because such issuers are often less creditworthy or are highly leveraged. High yield securities are also issued by governmental issuers that may have difficulty in making all scheduled interest and principal payments. In some cases, such bonds may be highly speculative, have poor prospects for reaching investment grade standing and be in default. As a result, investment in such bonds will entail greater risks than those associated with investment grade bonds (i.e., bonds rated AAA, AA, A or BBB by Standard and Poor’s or Aaa, Aa, A or Baa by Moody’s). Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of high yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher quality debt securities, and the ability of a Fund to achieve its investment objective may, to the extent of its investments in high yield securities, be more dependent upon such creditworthiness analysis than would be the case if the Fund were investing in higher quality securities. See Appendix A for a description of the corporate bond and preferred stock ratings by Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s, Fitch and Dominion Bond Rating Service Limited (“DBRS”).

Risks associated with acquiring the securities of such issuers generally are greater than is the case with higher rated securities because such issuers are often less creditworthy companies or are highly leveraged and generally less able than more established or less leveraged entities to make scheduled payments of principal and interest. High yield securities are also issued by governmental issuers that may have difficulty in making all scheduled interest and principal payments.

The market values of high yield, fixed income securities tend to reflect individual corporate or municipal developments to a greater extent than do those of higher rated securities, which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. Issuers of such high yield securities are often highly leveraged, and may not be able to make use of more traditional methods of financing. Their ability to service debt obligations may be more adversely affected than issuers of higher rated securities by economic downturns, specific corporate or governmental developments or the issuers’ inability to meet specific projected business forecasts. High yield securities also tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than higher-rated securities. Negative publicity about the junk bond market and investor perceptions regarding lower-rated securities, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may depress the prices for such high yield securities.

Because investors generally perceive that there are greater risks associated with non-investment grade securities of the type in which certain Funds may invest, the yields and prices of such securities may tend to fluctuate more than those for higher-rated securities. In the lower quality segments of the fixed income securities market, changes in perceptions of issuers’ creditworthiness tend to occur more frequently and in a more pronounced manner than do changes in higher quality segments of the fixed income securities market, resulting in greater yield and price volatility.

 

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Another factor which causes fluctuations in the prices of high yield, fixed income securities is the supply and demand for similarly rated securities. In addition, the prices of fixed income securities fluctuate in response to the general level of interest rates. Fluctuations in the prices of portfolio securities subsequent to their acquisition will not affect cash income from such securities but will be reflected in a Fund’s net asset value.

The risk of loss from default for the holders of high yield securities is significantly greater than is the case for holders of other debt securities because such high yield securities are generally unsecured and are often subordinated to the rights of other creditors of the issuers of such securities. Investment by a Fund in already defaulted securities poses an additional risk of loss should nonpayment of principal and interest continue in respect of such securities. Even if such securities are held to maturity, recovery by the Fund of its initial investment and any anticipated income or appreciation is uncertain. In addition, a Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent that they are required to seek recovery relating to the default in the payment of principal or interest on such securities or otherwise protect their interests. A Fund may be required to liquidate other portfolio securities to satisfy annual distribution obligations of the Fund in respect of accrued interest income on securities which are subsequently written off, even though the Fund has not received any cash payments of such interest.

The secondary market for high yield, fixed income securities is concentrated in relatively few markets and is dominated by institutional investors, including mutual funds, insurance companies and other financial institutions. Accordingly, the secondary market for such securities is not as liquid as and is more volatile than the secondary market for higher-rated securities. In addition, the trading volume for high-yield, fixed-income securities is generally lower than that of higher rated securities and the secondary market for high yield, fixed income securities could contract under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer. These factors may have an adverse effect on the ability of a Fund to dispose of particular portfolio investments. Prices realized upon the sale of such lower rated or unrated securities, under these circumstances, may be less than the prices used in calculating the net asset value of the Fund. A less liquid secondary market also may make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain precise valuations of the high yield securities in their portfolios.

The adoption of new legislation could adversely affect the secondary market for high yield securities and the financial condition of issuers of these securities. The form of any future legislation, and the probability of such legislation being enacted, is uncertain.

Non-investment grade or high yield, fixed income securities also present risks based on payment expectations. High yield, fixed income securities frequently contain “call” or buy-back features which permit the issuer to call or repurchase the security from its holder. If an issuer exercises such a “call option” and redeems the security, a Fund may have to replace such security with a lower-yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. In addition, if a Fund experiences net redemptions of its shares, it may be forced to sell its higher-rated securities, resulting in a decline in the overall credit quality of the portfolio of the Fund and increasing the exposure of the Fund to the risks of high yield securities.

Credit ratings issued by credit rating agencies are designed to evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments of rated securities. They do not, however, evaluate the market value risk of non-investment grade securities and, therefore, may not fully reflect the true risks of an investment. In addition, credit rating agencies may or may not make timely changes in a rating to reflect changes in the economy or in the conditions of the issuer that affect the market value of the security. Consequently, credit ratings are used only as a preliminary indicator of investment quality. Investments in non-investment grade and comparable unrated obligations will be more dependent on the Investment Adviser’s credit analysis than would be the case with investments in investment-grade debt obligations. The Investment Adviser employs its own credit research and analysis, which includes a study of an issuer’s existing debt, capital structure, ability to service debt and to pay dividends, sensitivity to economic conditions, operating history and current trend of earnings. The Investment Adviser continually monitors the investments in the portfolios of each Fund and evaluates whether to dispose of or to retain non-investment grade and comparable unrated securities whose credit ratings or credit quality may have changed.

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts

Each Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and may also purchase and write call and put options on futures contracts. The Structured Large Cap Value, Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Equity, Structured Small Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Growth, Structured International Small Cap and Structured Emerging Markets Equity Funds may only enter into such transactions with respect to a representative index. The Structured U.S. Equity Fund may enter into futures transactions only with respect to the S&P 500 Index. The other Funds may purchase and sell futures contracts based on various securities, securities indices, foreign currencies and other financial instruments and indices. Each Fund may engage in futures and related options transactions in order to seek to increase total return or to hedge against changes in interest rates, securities prices or, to the extent a Fund invests in foreign securities, currency exchange rates, or to otherwise manage its term structure, sector selection and duration in accordance with

 

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its investment objective and policies. Each Fund may also enter into closing purchase and sale transactions with respect to such contracts and options.

Futures contracts entered into by a Fund have historically been traded on U.S. exchanges or boards of trade that are licensed and regulated by the CFTC or with respect to certain funds, on foreign exchanges. More recently, certain futures may also be traded either over-the-counter or on trading facilities such as derivatives transaction execution facilities, exempt boards of trade or electronic trading facilities that are licensed and/or regulated to varying degrees by the CFTC. Also, certain single stock futures and narrow based security index futures may be traded either over-the-counter or on trading facilities such as contract markets, derivatives transaction execution facilities and electronic trading facilities that are licensed and/or regulated to varying degrees by both the CFTC and the SEC, or on foreign exchanges.

Neither the CFTC, NFA, SEC nor any domestic exchange regulates activities of any foreign exchange or boards of trade, including the execution, delivery and clearing of transactions, or has the power to compel enforcement of the rules of a foreign exchange or board of trade or any applicable foreign law. This is true even if the exchange is formally linked to a domestic market so that a position taken on the market may be liquidated by a transaction on another market. Moreover, such laws or regulations will vary depending on the foreign country in which the foreign futures or foreign options transaction occurs. For these reasons, a Fund’s investments in foreign futures or foreign options transactions may not be provided the same protections in respect of transactions on United States exchanges. In particular, persons who trade foreign futures or foreign options contracts may not be afforded certain of the protective measures provided by the CEA, the CFTC’s regulations and the rules of the NFA and any domestic exchange, including the right to use reparations proceedings before the CFTC and arbitration proceedings provided by the NFA or any domestic futures exchange. Similarly, those persons may not have the protection of the United States securities laws.

Futures Contracts. A futures contract may generally be described as an agreement between two parties to buy and sell particular financial instruments for an agreed price during a designated month (or to deliver the final cash settlement price, in the case of a contract relating to an index or otherwise not calling for physical delivery at the end of trading in the contract).

When interest rates are rising or securities prices are falling, a Fund can seek through the sale of futures contracts to offset a decline in the value of its current portfolio securities. When interest rates are falling or securities prices are rising, a Fund, through the purchase of futures contracts, can attempt to secure better rates or prices than might later be available in the market when it effects anticipated purchases. Similarly, each Fund (other than the Structured Domestic Equity Funds) can purchase and sell futures contracts on a specified currency in order to seek to increase total return or to protect against changes in currency exchange rates. For example, each Fund (other than the Structured Domestic Equity Funds) can purchase futures contracts on foreign currency to establish the price in U.S. dollars of a security quoted or denominated in such currency that such Fund has acquired or expects to acquire. As another example, certain Funds may enter into futures transactions to seek a closer correlation between a Fund’s overall currency exposures and the currency exposures of a Fund’s performance benchmark. The Income Builder Fund may also use futures contracts to manage the term structure and duration of its fixed income securities holdings in accordance with that Fund’s investment objective and policies.

Positions taken in the futures market are not normally held to maturity, but are instead liquidated through offsetting transactions which may result in a profit or a loss. While a Fund will usually liquidate futures contracts on securities or currency in this manner, a Fund may instead make or take delivery of the underlying securities or currency whenever it appears economically advantageous for the Fund to do so. A clearing corporation associated with the exchange on which futures are traded guarantees that, if still open, the sale or purchase will be performed on the settlement date.

Hedging Strategies. Hedging, by use of futures contracts, seeks to establish with more certainty than would otherwise be possible the effective price, rate of return or currency exchange rate on portfolio securities or securities that a Fund owns or proposes to acquire. A Fund may, for example, take a “short” position in the futures market by selling futures contracts to seek to hedge against an anticipated rise in interest rates or a decline in market prices or (other than the Structured Domestic Equity Funds) foreign currency rates that would adversely affect the dollar value of such Fund’s portfolio securities. Similarly, each Fund (other than the Structured Domestic Equity Funds) may sell futures contracts on a currency in which its portfolio securities are quoted or denominated, or sell futures contracts on one currency to seek to hedge against fluctuations in the value of securities quoted or denominated in a different currency if there is an established historical pattern of correlation between the two currencies. If, in the opinion of the applicable Investment Adviser, there is a sufficient degree of correlation between price trends for a Fund’s portfolio securities and futures contracts based on other financial instruments, securities indices or other indices, a Fund may also enter into such futures contracts as part of a hedging strategy. Although under some circumstances prices of securities in a Fund’s portfolio may be more or less volatile than prices of such futures contracts, the Investment Advisers will attempt to estimate the extent of this volatility difference based on

 

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historical patterns and compensate for any such differential by having a Fund enter into a greater or lesser number of futures contracts or by attempting to achieve only a partial hedge against price changes affecting a Fund’s portfolio securities. When hedging of this character is successful, any depreciation in the value of portfolio securities will be substantially offset by appreciation in the value of the futures position. On the other hand, any unanticipated appreciation in the value of a Fund’s portfolio securities would be substantially offset by a decline in the value of the futures position.

On other occasions, a Fund may take a “long” position by purchasing such futures contracts. This may be done, for example, when a Fund anticipates the subsequent purchase of particular securities when it has the necessary cash, but expects the prices or currency exchange rates then available in the applicable market to be less favorable than prices or rates that are currently available.

Options on Futures Contracts. The acquisition of put and call options on futures contracts will give a Fund the right (but not the obligation), for a specified price, to sell or to purchase, respectively, the underlying futures contract at any time during the option period. As the purchaser of an option on a futures contract, a Fund obtains the benefit of the futures position if prices move in a favorable direction but limits its risk of loss in the event of an unfavorable price movement to the loss of the premium and transaction costs.

The writing of a call option on a futures contract generates a premium which may partially offset a decline in the value of a Fund’s assets. By writing a call option, a Fund becomes obligated, in exchange for the premium, to sell a futures contract if the option is exercised, which may have a value higher than the exercise price. The writing of a put option on a futures contract generates a premium, which may partially offset an increase in the price of securities that a Fund intends to purchase. However, a Fund becomes obligated (upon the exercise of the option) to purchase a futures contract if the option is exercised, which may have a value lower than the exercise price. Thus, the loss incurred by a Fund in writing options on futures is potentially unlimited and may exceed the amount of the premium received. A Fund will incur transaction costs in connection with the writing of options on futures.

The holder or writer of an option on a futures contract may terminate its position by selling or purchasing an offsetting option on the same financial instrument. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected. A Fund’s ability to establish and close out positions on such options will be subject to the development and maintenance of a liquid market.

Other Considerations. A Fund will engage in transactions in futures contracts and related options transactions only to the extent such transactions are consistent with the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) for maintaining its qualification as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes. Transactions in futures contracts and options on futures involve brokerage costs, require margin deposits and, in certain cases, require the Fund to segregate cash or liquid assets. A Fund may cover its transactions in futures contracts and related options through the segregation of cash or liquid assets or by other means, in any manner permitted by applicable law.

While transactions in futures contracts and options on futures may reduce certain risks, such transactions themselves entail certain other risks. Thus, unanticipated changes in interest rates, securities prices or currency exchange rates may result in a poorer overall performance for a Fund than if it had not entered into any futures contracts or options transactions. When futures contracts and options are used for hedging purposes, perfect correlation between a Fund’s futures positions and portfolio positions may be impossible to achieve, particularly where futures contracts based on individual equity or corporate fixed income securities are currently not available. In the event of an imperfect correlation between a futures position and a portfolio position which is intended to be protected, the desired protection may not be obtained and a Fund may be exposed to risk of loss.

In addition, it is not possible for a Fund to hedge fully or perfectly against currency fluctuations affecting the value of securities quoted or denominated in foreign currencies because the value of such securities is likely to fluctuate as a result of independent factors unrelated to currency fluctuations. The profitability of a Fund’s trading in futures depends upon the ability of the Investment Advisers to analyze correctly the futures markets.

Options on Securities and Securities Indices

Writing Covered Options. Each Fund may write (sell) covered call and put options on any securities in which it may invest. The Funds may also, to the extent each invests in foreign securities, write (sell) put and call options on foreign currencies. A call option written by a Fund obligates that Fund to sell specified securities to the holder of the option at a specified price if the option is exercised on or before the expiration date. Depending upon the type of call option, the purchaser of a call option either (i) has the right to any appreciation in the value of the security over a fixed price (the “exercise price”) on a certain date in the future (the “expiration date”) or (ii) has the right to any appreciation in the value of the security over the exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option. If the purchaser does not exercise the option, a Fund pays the purchaser the difference between the price of the security and the exercise price of the option. The premium, the exercise price and the market value of the security determine the gain or loss realized by a Fund as the seller of the call option. A Fund can also repurchase the call option prior to the expiration date, ending its obligation. In this case, the cost of entering into closing purchase transactions will determine the gain or loss realized by the Fund. All

 

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call options written by a Fund are covered, which means that such Fund will own the securities subject to the option as long as the option is outstanding or such Fund will use the other methods described below. A Fund’s purpose in writing covered call options is to realize greater income than would be realized on portfolio securities transactions alone. However, a Fund may forego the opportunity to profit from an increase in the market price of the underlying security.

A put option written by a Fund would obligate such Fund to purchase specified securities from the option holder at a specified price if, depending upon the type of put option, either (i) the option is exercised at any time on or before the expiration date or (ii) the option is exercised on the expiration date. All put options written by a Fund would be covered, which means that such Fund will segregate cash or liquid assets with a value at least equal to the exercise price of the put option (less any margin on deposit) or will use the other methods described below. The purpose of writing such options is to generate additional income for the Fund. However, in return for the option premium, each Fund accepts the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying securities at a price in excess of the securities’ market value at the time of purchase.

In the case of a call option, the option is “covered” if a Fund owns the instrument underlying the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that instrument without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, liquid assets in such amount are segregated) upon conversion or exchange of other instruments held by it. A call option is also covered if a Fund holds a call on the same instrument as the option written where the exercise price of the option held is (i) equal to or less than the exercise price of the option written, or (ii) greater than the exercise price of the option written provided the Fund segregates liquid assets in the amount of the difference. A Fund may also cover options on securities by segregating cash or liquid assets, as permitted by applicable law, with a value, when added to any margin on deposit, that is equal to the market value of the securities in the case of a call option. A put option is also covered if a Fund holds a put on the same instrument as the option written where the exercise price of the option held is (i) equal to or higher than the exercise price of the option written, or (ii) less than the exercise price of the option written provided the Fund segregates liquid assets in the amount of the difference.

A Fund may also write (sell) covered call and put options on any securities index comprised of securities in which it may invest. Options on securities indices are similar to options on securities, except that the exercise of securities index options requires cash payments and does not involve the actual purchase or sale of securities. In addition, securities index options are designed to reflect price fluctuations in a group of securities or segment of the securities market rather than price fluctuations in a single security.

A Fund may cover call options on a securities index by owning securities whose price changes are expected to be similar to those of the underlying index, or by having an absolute and immediate right to acquire such securities without additional cash consideration (or for additional consideration which has been segregated by the Fund) upon conversion or exchange of other securities in its portfolio. A Fund may also cover call and put options on a securities index by segregating cash or liquid assets, as permitted by applicable law, with a value, when added to any margin on deposit, that is equal to the market value of the underlying securities in the case of a call option, or the exercise price in the case of a put option, or by owning offsetting options as described above.

A Fund may terminate its obligations under an exchange-traded call or put option by purchasing an option identical to the one it has written. Obligations under over-the-counter options may be terminated only by entering into an offsetting transaction with the counterparty to such option. Such purchases are referred to as “closing purchase transactions.”

Purchasing Options. Each Fund may purchase put and call options on any securities in which it may invest or any securities index comprised of securities in which it may invest. A Fund may also, to the extent that it invests in foreign securities, purchase put and call options on foreign currencies. A Fund may also enter into closing sale transactions in order to realize gains or minimize losses on options it had purchased.

A Fund may purchase call options in anticipation of an increase in the market value of securities of the type in which it may invest. The purchase of a call option would entitle a Fund, in return for the premium paid, to purchase specified securities at a specified price during the option period. A Fund would ordinarily realize a gain on the purchase of a call option if, during the option period, the value of such securities exceeded the sum of the exercise price, the premium paid and transaction costs; otherwise such a Fund would realize either no gain or a loss on the purchase of the call option.

A Fund may purchase put options in anticipation of a decline in the market value of securities in its portfolio (“protective puts”) or in securities in which it may invest. The purchase of a put option would entitle a Fund, in exchange for the premium paid, to sell specified securities at a specified price during the option period. The purchase of protective puts is designed to offset or hedge against a decline in the market value of a Fund’s securities. Put options may also be purchased by a Fund for the purpose of affirmatively benefiting from a decline in the price of securities which it does not own. A Fund would ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of the underlying securities decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to more than cover the premium and transaction costs; otherwise such a Fund would realize either no gain or a loss on the purchase of the put option. Gains and losses on the purchase of protective put options would tend to be offset by countervailing changes in the value of the underlying portfolio securities.

 

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A Fund would purchase put and call options on securities indices for the same purposes as it would purchase options on individual securities. For a description of options on securities indices, see “Writing Covered Options” above.

Yield Curve Options. The Income Builder Fund may enter into options on the yield “spread” or differential between two securities. Such transactions are referred to as “yield curve” options. In contrast to other types of options, a yield curve option is based on the difference between the yields of designated securities, rather than the prices of the individual securities, and is settled through cash payments. Accordingly, a yield curve option is profitable to the holder if this differential widens (in the case of a call) or narrows (in the case of a put), regardless of whether the yields of the underlying securities increase or decrease.

The Income Builder Fund may purchase or write yield curve options for the same purposes as other options on securities. For example, the Fund may purchase a call option on the yield spread between two securities if it owns one of the securities and anticipates purchasing the other security and wants to hedge against an adverse change in the yield spread between the two securities. The Fund may also purchase or write yield curve options in an effort to increase current income if, in the judgment of the Investment Adviser, the Fund will be able to profit from movements in the spread between the yields of the underlying securities. The trading of yield curve options is subject to all of the risks associated with the trading of other types of options. In addition, however, such options present risk of loss even if the yield of one of the underlying securities remains constant, if the spread moves in a direction or to an extent which was not anticipated.

Yield curve options written by the Income Builder Fund will be “covered.” A call (or put) option is covered if the Fund holds another call (or put) option on the spread between the same two securities and segregates cash or liquid assets sufficient to cover the Fund’s net liability under the two options. Therefore, the Fund’s liability for such a covered option is generally limited to the difference between the amount of such Fund’s liability under the option written by the Fund less the value of the option held by the Fund. Yield curve options may also be covered in such other manner as may be in accordance with the requirements of the counterparty with which the option is traded and applicable laws and regulations. Yield curve options are traded over-the-counter and established trading markets for these options may not exist.

Risks Associated with Options Transactions. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an options exchange will exist for any particular exchange-traded option or at any particular time. If a Fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction with respect to covered options it has written, the Fund will not be able to sell the underlying securities or dispose of segregated assets until the options expire or are exercised. Similarly, if a Fund is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options it has purchased, it will have to exercise the options in order to realize any profit and will incur transaction costs upon the purchase or sale of underlying securities.

Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening or closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options on that exchange that had been issued by the Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

There can be no assurance that higher trading activity, order flow or other unforeseen events might, at times, render certain of the facilities of the Options Clearing Corporation or various exchanges inadequate. Such events have, in the past, resulted in the institution by an exchange of special procedures, such as trading rotations, restrictions on certain types of order or trading halts or suspensions with respect to one or more options. These special procedures may limit liquidity.

A Fund may purchase and sell both options that are traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges and options traded over-the-counter with broker-dealers who make markets in these options. The ability to terminate over-the-counter options is more limited than with exchange-traded options and may involve the risk that broker-dealers participating in such transactions will not fulfill their obligations.

Transactions by a Fund in options on securities and indices will be subject to limitations established by each of the exchanges, boards of trade or other trading facilities on which such options are traded governing the maximum number of options in each class which may be written or purchased by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert regardless of whether the options are written or purchased on the same or different exchanges, boards of trade or other trading facility or are held in one or more accounts or through one or more brokers. Thus, the number of options which a Fund may write or purchase may be affected by options written or purchased by other investment advisory clients of the Investment Advisers. An exchange, board of trade or other trading facility may order the liquidation of positions found to be in excess of these limits, and it may impose certain other sanctions.

 

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The writing and purchase of options is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of options to seek to increase total return involves the risk of loss if the Investment Adviser is incorrect in its expectation of fluctuations in securities prices or interest rates. The successful use of options for hedging purposes also depends in part on the ability of the Investment Adviser to manage future price fluctuations and the degree of correlation between the options and securities (or currency) markets. If the Investment Adviser is incorrect in its expectation of changes in securities prices or determination of the correlation between the securities or securities indices on which options are written and purchased and the securities in a Fund’s investment portfolio, the Fund may incur losses that it would not otherwise incur. The writing of options could increase a Fund’s portfolio turnover rate and, therefore, associated brokerage commissions or spreads.

Real Estate Investment Trusts

Each Fund may invest in shares of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs are pooled investment vehicles which invest primarily in real estate or real estate related loans. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. Like regulated investment companies such as the Funds, REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with certain requirements under the Code. A Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any expenses paid by REITs in which it invests in addition to the expenses paid by a Fund.

Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by such REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. REITs are dependent upon management skills, are not diversified (except to the extent the Code requires), and are subject to the risks of financing projects. REITs are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers, self-liquidation, and the possibilities of failing to qualify for the exemption from tax for distributed income under the Code and failing to maintain their exemptions from the Act. REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks.

Warrants and Stock Purchase Rights

Each Fund may invest in warrants or stock purchase rights (“rights”) (in addition to those acquired in units or attached to other securities) which entitle the holder to buy equity securities at a specific price for a specific period of time. A Fund will invest in warrants and rights only if such equity securities are deemed appropriate by the Investment Adviser for investment by the Fund. The Structured Equity Funds have no present intention of acquiring warrants or rights. Warrants and rights have no voting rights, receive no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the issuer.

Foreign Securities

Each Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers, and each Fund (other than the Income Builder Fund and the Structured Domestic Equity Funds) will invest primarily in foreign securities under normal circumstances. With respect to the Structured Domestic Equity Funds, equity securities of foreign issuers must be traded in the United States.

Investments in foreign securities may offer potential benefits not available from investments solely in U.S. dollar-denominated or quoted securities of domestic issuers. Such benefits may include the opportunity to invest in foreign issuers that appear, in the opinion of the Investment Adviser, to offer the potential for better long term growth of capital and income than investments in U.S. securities, the opportunity to invest in foreign countries with economic policies or business cycles different from those of the United States and the opportunity to reduce fluctuations in portfolio value by taking advantage of foreign securities markets that do not necessarily move in a manner parallel to U.S. markets. Investing in the securities of foreign issuers also involves, however, certain special risks, including those discussed in the Funds’ Prospectuses and those set forth below, which are not typically associated with investing in U.S. dollar-denominated securities or quoted securities of U.S. issuers. Many of these risks are more pronounced for investments in emerging countries.

With respect to investments in certain foreign countries, there exist certain economic, political and social risks, including the risk of adverse political developments, nationalization, military unrest, social instability, war and terrorism, confiscation without fair compensation, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, limitations on the movement of funds and other assets between different countries, or diplomatic developments, any of which could adversely affect a Fund’s investments in those countries. Governments in certain foreign countries continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could have a significant effect on market prices of securities and dividend payments.

Many countries throughout the world are dependent on a healthy U.S. economy and are adversely affected when the U.S. economy weakens or its markets decline. Additionally, many foreign country economies are heavily dependent on international trade and are adversely affected by protective trade barriers and economic conditions of their trading partners. Protectionist trade legislation

 

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enacted by those trading partners could have a significant adverse affect on the securities markets of those countries. Individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.

Investments in foreign securities often involve currencies of foreign countries. Accordingly, a Fund may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency rates and in exchange control regulations and may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. The Funds (other than the Structured Domestic Equity Funds) may be subject to currency exposure independent of their securities positions. To the extent that a Fund is fully invested in foreign securities while also maintaining net currency positions, it may be exposed to greater combined risk.

Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. They generally are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets and the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or anticipated changes in interest rates and other complex factors, as seen from an international perspective. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably by intervention (or failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks or by currency controls or political developments in the United States or abroad.

Because foreign issuers generally are not subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies, there may be less publicly available information about a foreign company than about a U.S. company. Volume and liquidity in most foreign securities markets are less than in the United States and securities of many foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. The securities of foreign issuers may be listed on foreign securities exchanges or traded in foreign over-the-counter markets. Fixed commissions on foreign securities exchanges are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges, although each Fund endeavors to achieve the most favorable net results on its portfolio transactions. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers, dealers and listed and unlisted companies than in the United States, and the legal remedies for investors may be more limited than the remedies available in the United States.

Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Such delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when some of a Fund’s assets are uninvested and no return is earned on such assets. The inability of a Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio securities due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio securities or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the securities, in possible liability to the purchaser.

Custodial and/or settlement systems in emerging markets countries may not be fully developed. To the extent a Fund invests in emerging markets, Fund assets that are traded in such markets and which have been entrusted to such sub-custodians in those markets may be exposed to risks for which the sub-custodian will have no liability.

Each Fund may invest in foreign securities which take the form of sponsored and unsponsored American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and (except for the Structured Domestic Equity Funds) may also invest in European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) (and the China Equity Fund may also invest in Taiwan Depositary Receipts (“TDRs”)) or other similar instruments representing securities of foreign issuers (together, “Depositary Receipts”). ADRs represent the right to receive securities of foreign issuers deposited in a domestic bank or a correspondent bank. ADRs are traded on domestic exchanges or in the U.S. over-the-counter market and, generally, are in registered form. EDRs, GDRs and TDRs are receipts evidencing an arrangement with a non-U.S. bank similar to that for ADRs and are designed for use in the non-U.S. securities markets. EDRs, GDRs and TDRs are not necessarily quoted in the same currency as the underlying security.

To the extent a Fund acquires Depositary Receipts through banks which do not have a contractual relationship with the foreign issuer of the security underlying the Depositary Receipts to issue and service such unsponsored Depositary Receipts, there may be an increased possibility that the Fund would not become aware of and be able to respond to corporate actions such as stock splits or rights offerings involving the foreign issuer in a timely manner. In addition, the lack of information may result in inefficiencies in the valuation of such instruments. Investment in Depositary Receipts does not eliminate all the risks inherent in investing in securities of non-U.S. issuers. The market value of Depositary Receipts is dependent upon the market value of the underlying securities and fluctuations in the relative value of the currencies in which the Depositary Receipts and the underlying securities are quoted. However, by investing in Depositary Receipts, such as ADRs, that are quoted in U.S. dollars, a Fund may avoid currency risks during the settlement period for purchases and sales.

 

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As described more fully below, each Fund (except the Structured Domestic Equity Funds) may invest in countries with emerging economies or securities markets. Political and economic structures in many of such countries may be undergoing significant evolution and rapid development, and such countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of more developed countries. Certain of such countries have in the past failed to recognize private property rights and have at times nationalized or expropriated the assets of private companies. As a result, the risks described above, including the risks of nationalization or expropriation of assets, may be heightened. See “Investing in Emerging Countries” below.

Investing in Europe. The Funds may operate in euros and/ or may hold euros and/or euro-denominated bonds and other obligations. The euro requires participation of multiple sovereign states forming the Euro zone and is therefore sensitive to the credit, general economic and political position of each such state, including each state’s actual and intended ongoing engagement with and/or support for the other sovereign states then forming the European Union, in particular those within the Euro zone. Changes in these factors might materially adversely impact the value of securities that a Fund has invested in.

European countries can be significantly affected by the tight fiscal and monetary controls that the European Economic and Monetary Union (“EMU”) imposes for membership. Europe’s economies are diverse, its governments are decentralized, and its cultures vary widely. Several EU countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Spain and Portugal have faced budget issues, some of which may have negative long-term effects for the economies of those countries and other EU countries. There is continued concern about national-level support for the euro and the accompanying coordination of fiscal and wage policy among EMU member countries. Member countries are required to maintain tight control over inflation, public debt, and budget deficit to qualify for membership in the EMU. These requirements can severely limit the ability of EMU member countries to implement monetary policy to address regional economic conditions.

Foreign Government Obligations. Foreign government obligations include securities, instruments and obligations issued or guaranteed by a foreign government, its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. Investment in foreign government obligations can involve a high degree of risk. The governmental entity that controls the repayment of foreign government obligations may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt. A governmental entity’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entity’s policy towards the International Monetary Fund and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject. Governmental entities may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest on their debt. The commitment on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on a governmental entity’s implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such debtor’s obligations. Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties’ commitments to lend funds to the governmental entity, which may further impair such debtor’s ability or willingness to services its debts in a timely manner. Consequently, governmental entities may default on their debt. Holders of foreign government obligations (including the Funds) may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to governmental agencies.

Investing in Emerging Countries. The International Equity Funds and Structured Equity International Funds are intended for long-term investors who can accept the risks associated with investing primarily in equity and equity-related securities of foreign issuers, including emerging country issuers, as well as the risks associated with investments quoted or denominated in foreign currencies.

The securities markets of emerging countries are less liquid and subject to greater price volatility, and have a smaller market capitalization, than the U.S. securities markets. In certain countries, there may be fewer publicly traded securities and the market may be dominated by a few issues or sectors. Issuers and securities markets in such countries are not subject to as extensive and frequent accounting, financial and other reporting requirements or as comprehensive government regulations as are issuers and securities markets in the U.S. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of emerging country issuers may not reflect their financial position or results of operations in the same manner as financial statements for U.S. issuers. Substantially less information may be publicly available about emerging country issuers than is available about issuers in the United States.

Emerging country securities markets are typically marked by a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of ownership of such securities by a limited number of investors. The markets for securities in certain emerging countries are in the earliest stages of their development. Even the markets for relatively widely traded securities in emerging countries may not be able to absorb, without price disruptions, a significant increase in trading volume or trades of a size customarily undertaken by institutional investors in the securities markets of developed countries. The limited size of many of these securities markets can cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the securities issuers. For example, prices may be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions in these markets. Additionally, market making and arbitrage activities are generally less extensive in such markets, which may contribute to increased volatility and reduced liquidity of such markets. The limited liquidity of emerging country securities may also affect a Fund’s ability to accurately value its portfolio securities or to acquire or dispose of securities at the price and time it wishes to do so or in order to meet redemption requests.

 

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With respect to investments in certain emerging market countries, antiquated legal systems may have an adverse impact on the Funds. For example, while the potential liability of a shareholder in a U.S. corporation with respect to acts of the corporation is generally limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment, the notion of limited liability is less clear in certain emerging market countries. Similarly, the rights of investors in emerging market companies may be more limited than those of shareholders of U.S. corporations.

Transaction costs, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups, in emerging countries may be higher than in the United States and other developed securities markets. In addition, existing laws and regulations are often inconsistently applied. As legal systems in emerging countries develop, foreign investors may be adversely affected by new or amended laws and regulations. In circumstances where adequate laws exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift and equitable enforcement of the law.

Foreign investment in the securities markets of certain emerging countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions may limit a Fund’s investment in certain emerging countries and may increase the expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer’s outstanding securities or a specific class of securities which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals. In addition, the repatriation of both investment income and capital from emerging countries may be subject to restrictions which require governmental consents or prohibit repatriation entirely for a period of time. Even where there is no outright restriction on repatriation of capital, the mechanics of repatriation may affect certain aspects of the operation of a Fund. A Fund may be required to establish special custodial or other arrangements before investing in certain emerging countries.

Emerging countries may be subject to a substantially greater degree of economic, political and social instability and disruption than is the case in the United States, Japan and most Western European countries. This instability may result from, among other things, the following: (i) authoritarian governments or military involvement in political and economic decision making, including changes or attempted changes in governments through extra-constitutional means; (ii) popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic or social conditions; (iii) internal insurgencies; (iv) hostile relations with neighboring countries; (v) ethnic, religious and racial disaffection or conflict; and (vi) the absence of developed legal structures governing foreign private investments and private property. Such economic, political and social instability could disrupt the principal financial markets in which the Funds may invest and adversely affect the value of the Funds’ assets. A Fund’s investments can also be adversely affected by any increase in taxes or by political, economic or diplomatic developments.

The economies of emerging countries may differ unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resources, self-sufficiency and balance of payments. Many emerging countries have experienced in the past, and continue to experience, high rates of inflation. In certain countries inflation has at times accelerated rapidly to hyperinflationary levels, creating a negative interest rate environment and sharply eroding the value of outstanding financial assets in those countries. Other emerging countries, on the other hand, have recently experienced deflationary pressures and are in economic recessions. The economies of many emerging countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly affected by protective trade barriers and the economic conditions of their trading partners. In addition, the economies of some emerging countries are vulnerable to weakness in world prices for their commodity exports.

A Fund’s income and, in some cases, capital gains from foreign stocks and securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the countries in which it invests, and treaties between the U.S. and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates. See “TAXATION.”

From time to time, certain of the companies in which a Fund may invest may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargos imposed by the U.S. government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism. A company may suffer damage to its reputation if it is identified as a company which operates in, or has dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism. As an investor in such companies, the Fund will be indirectly subject to those risks. Iran is subject to several United Nations sanctions and is an embargoed country by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the US Department of Treasury.

Investing in Brazil. In addition to the risks listed above under “Foreign Securities” and “Investing in Emerging Countries” investing in Brazil presents additional risks. The Brazil Equity Fund expects to invest primarily in equity investments that are tied economically to Brazil or in issuers that participate in the markets of Brazil.

 

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Under current Brazilian law, a Fund may repatriate income received from dividends and interest earned on its investments in Brazilian securities. A Fund may also repatriate net realized capital gains from its investments in Brazilian securities. Additionally, whenever there occurs a serious imbalance in Brazil’s balance of payments or serious reasons to foresee the imminence of such an imbalance, under current Brazilian law the Monetary Council may, for a limited period, impose restrictions on foreign capital remittances abroad. Exchange control regulations may restrict repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of securities sales by foreign investors.

Brazil suffers from chronic structural public sector deficits. In addition, disparities of wealth, the pace and success of democratization and capital market development, and ethnic and racial hostilities have led to social and labor unrest and violence in the past, and may do so again in the future.

Additionally, the Brazilian securities markets are smaller, less liquid and more volatile than domestic markets. The market for Brazilian securities is influenced by economic and market conditions of certain countries, especially emerging market countries in Central and South America. Brazil has historically experienced high rates of inflation and may continue to do so in the future. Appreciation of the Brazilian currency (the real) relative to the U.S. dollar may lead to a deterioration of Brazil’s current account and balance of payments as well as limit the growth of exports. Inflationary pressures may lead to further government intervention in the economy, including the introduction of government policies that may adversely affect the overall performance of the Brazilian economy, which in turn could adversely affect a Fund’s investments.

Investing in Russia. In addition to the risks listed above under “Foreign Securities” and “Investing in Emerging Countries,” investing in Russia presents additional risks. Investing in Russian securities is highly speculative and involves significant risks and special considerations not typically associated with investing in the securities markets of the U.S. and most other developed countries. Over the past century, Russia has experienced political, social and economic turbulence and has endured decades of communist rule under which tens of millions of its citizens were collectivized into state agricultural and industrial enterprises. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia’s government has been faced with the daunting task of stabilizing its domestic economy, while transforming it into a modern and efficient structure able to compete in international markets and respond to the needs of its citizens. However, to date, many of the country’s economic reform initiatives have floundered as the proceeds of International Monetary Fund and other economic assistance have been squandered or stolen. In this environment, there is always the risk that the nation’s government will abandon the current program of economic reform and replace it with radically different political and economic policies that would be detrimental to the interests of foreign investors. This could entail a return to a centrally planned economy and nationalization of private enterprises similar to what existed under the old Soviet Union.

Many of Russia’s businesses have failed to mobilize the available factors of production because the country’s privatization program virtually ensured the predominance of the old management teams that are largely non-market-oriented in their management approach. Poor accounting standards, inept management, pervasive corruption, insider trading and crime, and inadequate regulatory protection for the rights of investors all pose a significant risk, particularly to foreign investors. In addition, there is the risk that the Russian tax system will not be reformed to prevent inconsistent, retroactive, and/or exorbitant taxation, or, in the alternative, the risk that a reformed tax system may result in the inconsistent and unpredictable enforcement of the new tax laws.

Compared to most national stock markets, the Russian securities market suffers from a variety of problems not encountered in more developed markets. There is little long-term historical data on the Russian securities market because it is relatively new and a substantial proportion of securities transactions in Russia are privately negotiated outside of stock exchanges. The inexperience of the Russian securities market and the limited volume of trading in securities in the market may make obtaining accurate prices on portfolio securities from independent sources more difficult than in more developed markets. Additionally, because of less stringent auditing and financial reporting standards that apply to U.S. companies, there is little solid corporate information available to investors. As a result, it may be difficult to assess the value or prospects of an investment in Russian companies. Stocks of Russian companies also may experience greater price volatility than stocks of U.S. companies.

Because of the recent formation of the Russian securities market as well as the underdeveloped state of the banking and telecommunications systems, settlement, clearing and registration of securities transactions are subject to significant risks. Ownership of shares (except where shares are held through depositories that meet the requirements of the Act) is defined according to entries in the company’s share register and normally evidenced by extracts from the register or by formal share certificates. However, there is no central registration system for shareholders and these services are carried out by the companies themselves or by registrars located throughout Russia. These registrars are not necessarily subject to effective state supervision nor are they licensed with any governmental entity, and it is possible for the Fund to lose its registration through fraud, negligence, or even mere oversight. While the Fund will endeavor to ensure that its interest continues to be appropriately recorded either itself or through a custodian or other agent inspecting the share register and by obtaining extracts of share registers through regular confirmations, these extracts have no legal enforceability and it is possible that subsequent illegal amendment or other fraudulent act may deprive the Fund of its ownership rights or improperly dilute its interests. In addition, while applicable Russian regulations impose liability on registrars for losses resulting from their errors, it may be difficult for the Fund to enforce any rights it may have against the registrar or issuer of the securities in the event of loss of share registration. Furthermore, significant delays or problems may occur in registering the transfer of securities, which could cause the Fund to incur losses due to a counterparty’s failure to pay for securities the Fund has delivered or the Fund’s inability to complete its contractual obligations because of theft or other reasons. The Fund also may experience difficulty in obtaining and/or enforcing judgments in Russia.

 

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The Russian economy is heavily dependent upon the export of a range of commodities including most industrial metals, forestry products, oil, and gas. Accordingly, it is strongly affected by international commodity prices and is particularly vulnerable to any weakening in global demand for these products.

Foreign investors also face a high degree of currency risk when investing in Russian securities and a lack of available currency hedging instruments. In a surprise move in August 1998, Russia devalued the ruble, defaulted on short-term domestic bonds, and imposed a moratorium on the repayment of its international debt and the restructuring of the repayment terms. These actions have negatively affected Russian borrowers’ ability to access international capital markets and have had a damaging impact on the Russian economy. In light of these and other government actions, foreign investors face the possibility of further devaluations. In addition, there is the risk that the government may impose capital controls on foreign portfolio investments in the event of extreme financial or political crisis. Such capital controls would prevent the sale of a portfolio of foreign assets and the repatriation of investment income and capital.

Investing in India. In addition to the risks listed above under “Foreign Securities” and “Investing in Emerging Countries,” investing in India presents additional risks. The India Equity Fund expects to invest primarily in equity investments that are tied economically to India or in issuers that participate in the markets of India.

The value of a Fund’s investments in Indian securities may be affected by political and economic developments, changes in government regulation and government intervention, high rates of inflation or interest rates and withholding tax affecting India. The risk of loss may also be increased because there may be less information available about Indian issuers because they are not subject to the extensive accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices which are applicable in the U.S. and other developed countries. There is also a lower level of regulation and monitoring of the Indian securities market and its participants than in other more developed markets.

The laws in India relating to limited liability of corporate shareholders, fiduciary duties of officers and directors, and the bankruptcy of state enterprises are generally less well developed than or different from such laws in the United States. It may be more difficult to obtain or enforce a judgment in the courts in India than it is in the United States. India also has less developed clearance and settlement procedures, and there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities and have been significantly delayed. The Indian stock exchanges have in the past been subject to repeated closure and there can be no certainty that this will not recur. In addition, significant delays are common in registering transfers of securities and a Fund may be unable to sell securities until the registration process is completed and may experience delays in receipt of dividends and other entitlements.

Foreign investment in the securities of issuers in India is usually restricted or controlled to some degree. In India, “Foreign Institutional Investors” (“FIIs”) may predominately invest in exchange-traded securities (and securities to be listed, or those approved on the over-the-counter exchange of India) subject to the conditions specified in certain guidelines for direct foreign investment. FIIs have to apply for registration to the Securities and Exchange Board of India (“SEBI”) and to the Reserve Bank of India for permission to trade in Indian securities. GSAM is a registered FII and the inclusion of the Fund in GSAM’s registration was approved by SEBI. The Fund’s continued ability to invest in India is dependent on its continuing to meet current and future requirements placed on FIIs by SEBI. If the Fund (or the Investment Adviser) were to fail to meet applicable requirements in the future, the Fund would no longer be permitted to invest directly in Indian securities, may not be able to pursue its principal strategy and may be forced to liquidate. FIIs are required to observe certain investment restrictions, including an account ownership ceiling of 5% of the total issued share capital of any one company. In addition, the shareholdings of all registered FIIs, together with the shareholdings of non-resident Indian individuals and foreign bodies corporate substantially owned by non-resident Indians, may not exceed 40% of the issued share capital of any one company (subject to that company’s approval). Only registered FIIs and non-Indian mutual funds that comply with certain statutory conditions may make direct portfolio investments in exchange-traded Indian securities. Under the current guidelines, income, gains and initial capital with respect to such investments are freely repatriable, subject to payment of applicable Indian taxes. However, the guidelines covering foreign investment are relatively new and evolving and there can be no assurance that these investment control regimes will not change in a way that makes it more difficult or impossible for a Fund to implement its investment objective or repatriate its income, gains and initial capital from India.

A tax of 10% plus surcharges is currently imposed on gains from sales of equities held not more than one year and sold on a recognized stock exchange in India. There is no tax on gains from sales of equities held for more than one year and sold on a recognized stock exchange in India. Gains from sales of equity securities in other cases are taxed at a rate of 30% plus surcharges (for securities held not more than one year) and 10% (for securities held for more than one year). Securities transaction tax applies for

 

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specified transactions at specified rates. India imposes a tax on interest on securities at a rate of 20% plus surcharges. This tax is imposed on the investor. India imposes a tax on dividends paid by an Indian company at a rate of 12.5% plus surcharges. This tax is imposed on the company that pays the dividends. The Investment Adviser will take into account the effects of local taxation on investment returns. In the past, these taxes have sometimes been substantial.

The Indian population is composed of diverse religious, linguistic and ethnic groups. Religious and border disputes continue to pose problems for India. From time to time, India has experienced internal disputes between religious groups within the country. In addition, India has faced, and continues to face, military hostilities with neighboring countries and regional countries. These events could adversely influence the Indian economy and, as a result, negatively affect a Fund’s investments.

Investing in Greater China. In addition to the risks listed above under “Foreign Securities” and “Investing in Emerging Countries” investing in Greater China (the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan) presents additional risks. The China Equity Fund expects to invest primarily in equity investments that are tied economically to Greater China or in issuers that participate in the markets of Greater China.

Investing in Greater China involves risks and special considerations not typically associated with investing in other more established economies or securities markets. Such risks may include: (a) greater social, economic and political uncertainty (including the risk of war); (b) nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; (c) dependency on exports and the corresponding importance of international trade; (d) increasing competition from Asia’s other low-cost emerging economies; (e) greater price volatility and significantly smaller market capitalization of securities markets; (f) substantially less liquidity, particularly of certain share classes of Chinese securities; (g) currency exchange rate fluctuations and the lack of available currency hedging instruments; (h) higher rates of inflation; (i) controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on the Fund’s ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; (j) greater governmental involvement in and control over the economy; (k) uncertainty regarding the People’s Republic of China’s commitment to economic reforms; (l) the fact that Chinese companies, particularly those located in the China region, may be smaller, less seasoned and newly-organized companies; (m) the difference in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; (n) the fact that statistical information regarding the economy of Greater China may be inaccurate or not comparable to statistical information regarding the U.S. or other economies; (o) the less extensive, and still developing, regulation of the securities markets, business entities and commercial transactions; (p) the fact that the settlement period of securities transactions in foreign markets may be longer; (q) the fact that it may be more difficult, or impossible, to obtain and/or enforce a judgment than in other countries; (r) the rapid and erratic nature of growth, particularly in the People’s Republic of China, resulting in inefficiencies and dislocations; and (s) economic sensitivity to environmental events, including natural disasters such as earthquakes, droughts, floods and tsunamis.

Although the government of the People’s Republic of China has more recently been implementing reforms directed at political and economic liberalization, including efforts to decentralize the economic decision-making process and move towards a market economy, governmental involvement in the economy remains significant. Chinese markets generally continue to experience inefficiency, volatility and pricing anomalies that may be connected to governmental influence, a lack of publicly available information and/or political and social instability. Also, because Greater China had a centrally planned, socialist economy for a substantial period of time, business entities in Greater China do not have an extended history of operating in a market-oriented economy, and the ultimate impact of the People’s Republic of China’s attempts to move toward a more market-oriented economy is currently unclear. Any change in leadership or policies may halt the expansion of or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies now occurring and adversely affect existing investment opportunities.

Following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China by the Communist Party in 1949, the Chinese government renounced various debt obligations incurred by the People’s Republic of China’s predecessor governments, which obligations remain in default, and expropriated assets without compensation. There can be no assurance that the government will not take similar action in the future.

Greater China’s economy, particularly its export-oriented industries, may be adversely impacted by trade or political disputes with major trading partners, including the U.S. In particular, the growing trade surplus with the U.S. has increased the risk of trade disputes, which could potentially have adverse effects on the country’s management of its currency, as well as on some export dependent sectors. Greater China’s aging infrastructure, growing income inequality and worsening environmental conditions also are factors that may affect the Chinese economy. Social cohesion in Greater China is being tested by growing income inequality and larger scale environmental degradation. Social instability could threaten Greater China’s political systems and economic growth, which could decrease the value of a Fund’s investments.

Additionally, internal social unrest or conflicts with other countries, including military conflicts in response to such events, could disrupt economic development in Greater China. A state of hostility continues to exist between the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan, and territorial border disputes persist with certain neighboring countries. Chinese economic development is also vulnerable to developments on the Korean peninsula, including political tension or military actions.

 

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Investing in Korea. In addition to the risks listed above under “Foreign Securities” and “Investing in Emerging Countries,” investing in the Republic of Korea (referred to herein as “Korea” or “South Korea”) presents additional risks. The Korea Equity Fund expects to invest primarily in equity investments that are tied economically to Korea or in issuers that participate in the markets of Korea.

The division of the Korean Peninsula in 1945 left South Korea without most of the peninsula’s natural resources. Since then, this highly industrialized nation has been heavily dependent upon imports of essential products such as oil, forest products, and industrial metals. Accordingly, South Korea’s industrial sector and domestic economy are highly sensitive to fluctuations in international commodity prices, currency exchange rates and government regulation. Many of these commodities are traded in U.S. dollars and any change in the exchange rate between the won and the dollar can have either a positive or negative effect upon corporate profits.

Certain structural weaknesses have made Korea vulnerable to the financial turbulence of the kind that swept through Asia in 1997-1998. First, the corporate sector has been characterized by low levels of profitability and high levels of debt, reflecting the tendency of the nation’s business conglomerates to diversify into capital-intensive businesses. Second, Korea has experienced a poorly functioning financial system that has been further weakened by a series of major corporate bankruptcies. Following the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis, corporate and financial sector restructuring was initiated by the Korean government, in conjunction with the International Monetary Fund.

The Korean government has historically imposed significant restrictions and controls on foreign investors. As a result, a Fund may be limited in its investments or precluded from investing in certain Korean companies, which may adversely affect the performance of the Fund. In addition, there is the possibility of the imposition of currency-exchange controls, foreign withholding tax on the interest income payable on such instruments, foreign controls, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits or assets, or the adoption of other foreign government restrictions that might adversely affect Korean securities held by a Fund. In addition, the market capitalization and trading volume of issuers in Korean securities markets are concentrated in a relatively small number of issuers, resulting in substantially less liquidity and greater price volatility and potentially fewer investment opportunities in Korea for the Funds.

South Korea’s location next to the heavily armed and unpredictable North Korea has been a constant cause of concern. Military incidents, including North Korea’s nuclear arms race, have continued to escalate the tensions that have existed between the two countries since the signing of the 1953 Armistice Agreement that ended the Korean War. Military action or the risk of military action or the economic collapse of North Korea could have a material adverse effect on South Korea. South Korea’s relations with North Korea remain tense and volatile, and the possibility of military action between the two countries still exists. North Korea appears to continue to develop nuclear and other military capabilities.

Investing in Other N-11 Countries. In addition to the risks listed above under “Foreign Securities” and “Investing in Emerging Countries,” investments in N-11 countries present additional risks. The “N-11 countries” are countries that have been identified by the Goldman Sachs Global Economics, Commodities, and Strategy Research Team as the “Next Eleven” emerging countries (i.e., after Brazil, Russia, India and China) that share the potential to experience high economic growth and be important contributors to global gross domestic product (GDP) in the future. The N-11 countries are Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea (discussed above), Turkey and Vietnam. The Funds will not invest in issuers organized under the laws of Iran, or domiciled in Iran, or in certain other issuers as necessary to comply with U.S. economic sanctions against Iran.

Investing in Bangladesh. Recent confrontational tendencies in Bangladeshi politics, including violent protests, raise concerns about political stability and could weigh on business sentiment and capital investment. Inadequate investment in the power sector has led to electricity shortages which continue to hamper Bangladesh’s business environment. Many Bangladeshi industries are dependant upon exports and international trade and may demonstrate high volatility in response to economic conditions abroad.

Bangladesh is located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters such as monsoons, earthquakes and typhoons, and is economically sensitive to environmental events. Any such event could result in a significant adverse impact on Bangladesh’s economy.

Investing in Egypt. Historically, Egypt’s national politics have been characterized by periods of instability and social unrest. Poor living standards, disparities of wealth and limitations on political freedom have contributed to the unstable environment. Unanticipated or sudden political or social developments may result in sudden and significant investment losses. Although there has been increasing economic liberalization and limited political liberalization in recent years, there is no guarantee that this trend will continue, particularly if there is a political transition.

Egypt has experienced acts of terrorism, internal political conflict, popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic and social conditions, strained international relations due to territorial disputes, regional military conflicts, internal insurgencies and other security concerns. These situations may cause uncertainty in the Egyptian market and may adversely affect the performance of the Egyptian economy.

 

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Egypt’s economy is dependent on trade with certain key trading partners including the U.S. Reduction in spending by these economies on Egyptian products and services or negative changes in any of these economies may cause an adverse impact on Egypt’s economy. Trade may also be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other government imposed or negotiated protectionist measures.

Egypt has entered into, and is implementing, a bilateral investment treaty with the United States, which is designed to encourage and protect U.S. investment in Egypt. However, there may be a risk of loss due to expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and on repatriation of capital invested, particularly if the bilateral investment treaty with the United States is not fully implemented or fails in its purpose. Other diplomatic developments could adversely affect investments in Egypt, particularly as Egypt is involved in negotiations for various regional conflicts.

The Egyptian economy is heavily dependent on tourism, export of oil and gas, and shipping services revenues from the Suez Canal. Tourism receipts are vulnerable to terrorism, spillovers from conflicts in the region, and potential political instability. As Egypt produces and exports oil and gas, any acts of terrorism or armed conflict causing disruptions of oil and gas exports could affect the Egyptian economy and, thus, adversely affect the financial condition, results of operations or prospects of companies in which certain Funds may invest. Furthermore, any acts of terrorism or armed conflict in Egypt or regionally could divert demand for the use of the Suez Canal, thereby reducing revenues from the Suez Canal.

Investing in Indonesia. Indonesia has experienced currency devaluations, substantial rates of inflation, widespread corruption and economic recessions. The Indonesian government may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector and may own or control many companies. Indonesia’s securities laws are unsettled and judicial enforcement of contracts with foreign entities is inconsistent, often as a result of pervasive corruption. Indonesia has a history of political and military unrest including acts of terrorism, outbreaks of violence and civil unrest due to territorial disputes, historical animosities and domestic ethnic and religious conflicts.

The Indonesian securities market is an emerging market characterized by a small number of company listings, high price volatility and a relatively illiquid secondary trading environment. These factors, coupled with restrictions on investment by foreigners and other factors, limit the supply of securities available for investment by a Fund. This will affect the rate at which the Funds are able to invest in Indonesian securities, the purchase and sale prices for such securities and the timing of purchases and sales. The limited liquidity of the Indonesian securities markets may also affect a Fund’s ability to acquire or dispose of securities at a price and time that it wishes to do so. Accordingly, in periods of rising market prices, a Fund may be unable to participate in such price increases fully to the extent that it is unable to acquire desired portfolio positions quickly; conversely the Fund’s inability to dispose fully and promptly of positions in declining markets will cause its net asset value to decline as the value of unsold positions is marked to lower prices.

The market for Indonesian securities is directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and economic and market conditions of certain countries. Adverse economic conditions or developments in other emerging market countries, especially in the Southeast Asia region, have at times significantly affected the availability of credit in the Indonesian economy and resulted in considerable outflows of funds and declines in the amount of foreign currency invested in Indonesia. Adverse conditions or changes in relationships with Indonesia’s major trading partners, including Japan, China, and the U.S., may also significantly impact on the Indonesian economy.

Indonesia is located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters such as tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, and typhoons, and is economically sensitive to environmental events. Any such event could result in a significant adverse impact on Indonesia’s economy.

Investing in Mexico. Since the period of economic turmoil surrounding the devaluation of the peso in 1994, which triggered the worst recession in over 50 years, Mexico has experienced a period of general economic recovery. Economic and social concerns persist, however, with respect to low real wages, underemployment for a large segment of the population, inequitable income distribution and few advancement opportunities for the large impoverished population in the southern states. Mexico also has a history of high inflation and substantial devaluations of the peso, causing currency instabilities. These economic and political issues have caused volatility in the Mexican securities markets.

Mexico’s free market economy contains a mixture of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture, increasingly dominated by the private sector. Recent administrations have begun a process of privatization of certain entities and industries including seaports, railroads, telecommunications, electricity generation, natural gas distribution and airports. In some instances, however, newly privatized entities have suffered losses due to an inability to adjust quickly to a competitive environment or to changing regulatory and legal standards.

 

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The Mexican economy is heavily dependent on trade with, and foreign investment from, the U.S. and Canada, which are Mexico’s principal trading partners. Any changes in the supply, demand, price or other economic components of Mexico’s imports or exports, as well as any reductions in foreign investment from, or changes in the economies of, the U.S. or Canada, may have an adverse impact on the Mexican economy. Mexico and the U.S. entered into the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994 as well as a second treaty, the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America, in 2005. These treaties may impact the trading relationship between Mexico and the U.S. and further Mexico’s dependency on the U.S. economy.

Mexico is subject to social and political instability as a result of a recent rise in criminal activity, including violent crimes and terrorist actions committed by certain political and drug trade organizations. A general escalation of violent crime has led to uncertainty in the Mexican market and adversely affected the performance of the Mexican economy. Violence near border areas, as well as border-related political disputes, may lead to strained international relations.

Recent elections have been contentious and closely-decided, and changes in political parties or other political events may affect the economy and cause instability. Corruption remains widespread in Mexican institutions and infrastructure is underdeveloped. Mexico has historically been prone to natural disasters such as tsunamis, volcanoes, hurricanes and destructive earthquakes, which may adversely impact its economy.

Investing in Nigeria. Nigeria is endowed with vast resources of oil and gas, which provide strong potential for economic growth. However, dependence on oil revenues leaves Nigeria vulnerable to volatility in world oil prices and dependant on international trade. In addition, Nigeria suffers from poverty, marginalization of key regions, and ethnic and religious divides. Under-investment and corruption have slowed infrastructure development, leading to major electricity shortages, among other things. Electricity shortages have led many businesses to make costly private arrangements for generation of power. Excessive regulation, an unreliable justice system, government corruption, and high inflation are other risks faced by Nigerian companies.

Because Nigeria is heavily dependent upon international trade, its economy would be negatively affected by any trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values or other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which it trades. The Nigerian economy may also be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which it trades.

Militancy in the Niger Delta region, which has had a significant impact on crude oil production in recent years, has subsided following a government amnesty initiative in 2009. However, political activism and violence in the Delta region, as well as religious riots in the north, continue to have an effect on the Nigerian economy. Religious tension, often fueled by politicians, may increase in the near future, especially as other African countries are experiencing similar religious and political discontent.

Nigeria is also subject to the risks of investing in African countries generally. Many African countries historically have suffered from political, economic, and social instability. Political risks may include substantial government control over the private sector, corrupt leaders, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, restrictions on and government intervention in international trade, confiscatory taxation, civil unrest, social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest, suppression of opposition parties or fixed elections, terrorism, coups, and war. Certain African markets may face a higher concentration of market capitalization, greater illiquidity and greater price volatility than that found in more developed markets of Western Europe or the United States. Certain governments in Africa restrict or control to varying degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers located or operating in those countries. Securities laws in many countries in Africa are relatively new and unsettled and, consequently, there is a risk of rapid and unpredictable change in laws regarding foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and shareholder rights. Accordingly, foreign investors may be adversely affected by new or amended laws and regulations.

Investing in Pakistan. The Pakistani population is comprised of diverse religious, linguistic and ethnic groups which may sometimes be resistant to the central government’s control. Acts of terrorism and armed clashes between Pakistani troops, local tribesmen, the Taliban and foreign extremists have resulted in population displacement and civil unrest. Pakistan, a nuclear power, also has a history of hostility with neighboring countries, most notably with India, sometimes resulting in armed conflict and acts of terrorism. Unanticipated political or social developments may affect the value of a Fund’s investments and the availability to a Fund of additional investments.

Pakistan’s economy is heavily dependent on exports. Pakistan’s key trading and foreign investment partner is the United States. Reduction in spending on Pakistani products and services, or changes in the U.S. economy, foreign policy, trade regulation or currency exchange rate may adversely impact the Pakistani economy.

 

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The stock markets in the region are undergoing a period of growth and change, which may result in trading or price volatility and difficulties in the settlement and recording of transactions, and in interpreting and applying the relevant laws and regulations. The securities industries in Pakistan are comparatively underdeveloped. A Fund may be unable to sell securities where the registration process is incomplete and may experience delays in receipt of dividends. If trading volume is limited by operational difficulties, the ability of a Fund to invest its assets in Pakistan may be impaired. Settlement of securities transactions in Pakistan are subject to risk of loss, may be delayed and are generally less frequent than in the United States, which could affect the liquidity of a Fund’s assets. In addition, disruptions due to work stoppages and trading improprieties in these securities markets have caused such markets to close. If extended closings were to occur in stock markets where a Fund was heavily invested, the Fund’s ability to redeem Fund shares could become correspondingly impaired. To mitigate these risks, the Fund may maintain a higher cash position than it otherwise would, thereby possibly diluting its return, or the Fund may have to sell more liquid securities which it would not otherwise choose to sell.

Pakistan is located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters including floods and earthquakes and is economically sensitive to environmental events. Any such event could result in a significant adverse impact on Pakistan’s economy.

Investing in the Philippines. Investments in the Philippines may be negatively affected by slow or negative growth rates and economic instability in the Philippines and in Asia. The Philippines’ economy is heavily dependent on exports, particularly electronics and semiconductors. The Philippines’ reliance on these sectors makes it vulnerable to economic declines in the information technology sector. In addition, the Philippines’ dependence on exports ties the growth of its economy to those of its key trading partners, including the U.S., China, Japan and Singapore. Reduction in spending on products and services from the Philippines, or changes in trade regulations or currency exchange rates in any of these countries, may adversely impact the Philippine economy.

In the past, the Philippines has experienced periods of slow or negative growth, high inflation, significant devaluation of the peso, imposition of exchange controls, debt restructuring and electricity shortages and blackouts. From mid-1997 to 1999, the Asian economic crisis adversely affected the Philippine economy and caused a significant depreciation of the Peso and increases in interest rates. These factors had a material adverse impact on the ability of many Philippine companies to meet their debt-servicing obligations. While the Philippines has recovered from the Asian economic crisis, it continues to face a significant budget deficit, limited foreign currency reserves and a volatile Peso exchange rate.

Political concerns, including uncertainties over the economic policies of the Philippine government, the large budget deficit and unsettled political conditions, could materially affect the financial and economic conditions of Philippine companies in which certain Funds may invest. The Philippines has experienced a high level of debt and public spending, which may stifle economic growth or contribute to prolonged periods of recession. Investments in Philippine companies will also subject the Funds to risks associated with government corruption, including lack of transparency and contradictions in regulations, appropriation of assets, graft, excessive and/or unpredictable taxation, and an unreliable judicial system.

The Philippines has historically been prone to incidents of political and religious related violence and terrorism, and may continue to experience this in the future.

The Philippines is located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters such as tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, and typhoons and is economically sensitive to environmental events. Any such event could result in a significant adverse impact on the Philippines’ economy.

Investing in Turkey. Certain political, economic, legal and currency risks have contributed to a high level of price volatility in the Turkish equity and currency markets. Turkey has experienced periods of substantial inflation, currency devaluations and severe economic recessions, any of which may have a negative effect on the Turkish economy and securities market. Turkey has also experienced a high level of debt and public spending, which may stifle Turkish economic growth, contribute to prolonged periods of recession or lower Turkey’s sovereign debt rating.

Turkey has begun a process of privatization of certain entities and industries. In some instances, however, newly privatized entities have suffered losses due to an inability to adjust quickly to a competitive environment or to changing regulatory and legal standards. Privatized industries also run the risk of re-nationalization.

Historically, Turkey’s national politics have been unpredictable and subject to influence by the military, and its government may be subject to sudden change. Disparities of wealth, the pace and success of democratization and capital market development and religious and racial disaffection have also led to social and political unrest. Unanticipated or sudden political or social developments may result in sudden and significant investment losses.

Investing in Vietnam. While Vietnam has been experiencing a period of rapid economic growth, the country remains relatively poor, with under-developed infrastructure and a lack of sophisticated or high tech industries. Risks of investing in Vietnam include, among others, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, political instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental decision-making, and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest.

 

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Vietnam is currently experiencing a high inflation rate, which is at least partially a result of the country’s large trade deficit. Due to governmental focus on economic growth at the expense of currency stability, the inflation rate may continue at a high level and economic stability could be threatened.

Vietnam may be heavily dependent upon international trade and, consequently, may have been and may continue to be, negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which it trades. The economy of Vietnam also has been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which it trades.

The Vietnamese economy also suffers from excessive intervention by the Communist government. Many companies listed on the exchanges are still partly state-owned and have a degree of state influence in their operations. State owned and operated companies tend to be less efficient than privately owned companies, due to lack of market competition.

The government of Vietnam may restrict or control to varying degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers operating in Vietnam. These restrictions and/or controls may at times limit or prevent foreign investment in securities of issuers located in Vietnam. Moreover, governmental approval prior to investments by foreign investors may be required in Vietnam and may limit the amount of investments by foreign investors in a particular industry and/or issuer and may limit such foreign investment to a certain class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domiciliaries of Vietnam and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors. These factors make investing in issuers located in Vietnam significantly riskier than investing in issuers located in more developed countries, and could a cause a decline in the value of a Fund’s shares. In addition, the government of Vietnam may levy withholding or other taxes on dividend and interest income. Although a portion of these taxes may be recoverable, any non-recovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce the income received from investments in such countries.

Investment in Vietnam may be subject to a greater degree of risk associated with governmental approval in connection with the repatriation of capital by foreign investors. In addition, there is the risk that if Vietnam’s balance of payments declines, Vietnam may impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. Consequently, a Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to a Fund of any restrictions on investments. Additionally, investments in Vietnam may require a Fund to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to the Fund.

Current investment regulations in Vietnam require the Funds to execute trades of securities of Vietnamese companies through a single broker. As a result, the Adviser will have less flexibility to choose among brokers on behalf of the Funds than is typically the case for investment managers. In addition, because the process of purchasing securities in Vietnam requires that payment to the local broker occur prior to receipt of securities, failure of the broker to deliver the securities will adversely affect the applicable Fund.

Vietnam is also subject to certain environmental risks, including typhoons and floods, as well as rapid environmental degradation due to industrialization and lack of regulation.

Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts. The Structured Domestic Equity Funds may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts for hedging purposes and to seek to protect against anticipated changes in future foreign currency exchange rates. The Income Builder Fund, Structured Equity International Funds and International Equity Funds may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts for hedging purposes, to seek to protect against anticipated changes in future foreign currency exchange rates and to seek to increase total return. A forward foreign currency exchange contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are traded in the interbank market between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. A forward contract generally has no deposit requirement, and no commissions are generally charged at any stage for trades.

At the maturity of a forward contract a Fund may either accept or make delivery of the currency specified in the contract or, at or prior to maturity, enter into a closing transaction involving the purchase or sale of an offsetting contract. Closing transactions with respect to forward contracts are often, but not always, effected with the currency trader who is a party to the original forward contract.

A Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts in several circumstances. First, when a Fund enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated or quoted in a foreign currency, or when a Fund anticipates the receipt in a foreign currency of dividend or interest payments on such a security which it holds, the Fund may desire to “lock in” the U.S. dollar price of the security or the U.S. dollar equivalent of such dividend or interest payment, as the case may be. By entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale, for a fixed amount of dollars, of the amount of foreign currency involved in the underlying transactions, the Fund will attempt to protect itself against an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the subject foreign currency during the period between the date on which the security is purchased or sold, or on which the dividend or interest payment is declared, and the date on which such payments are made or received.

 

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Additionally, when the Investment Adviser believes that the currency of a particular foreign country may suffer a substantial decline against the U.S. dollar, it may enter into a forward contract to sell, for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars, the amount of foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of such Fund’s portfolio securities quoted or denominated in such foreign currency. The precise matching of the forward contract amounts and the value of the securities involved will not generally be possible because the future value of such securities in foreign currencies will change as a consequence of market movements in the value of those securities between the date on which the contract is entered into and the date it matures. Using forward contracts to protect the value of a Fund’s portfolio securities against a decline in the value of a currency does not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities. It simply establishes a rate of exchange, which a Fund can achieve at some future point in time. The precise projection of short-term currency market movements is not possible, and short-term hedging provides a means of fixing the U.S. dollar value of only a portion of a Fund’s foreign assets.

Each Fund may engage in cross-hedging by using forward contracts in one currency to hedge against fluctuations in the value of securities quoted or denominated in a different currency. In addition, certain Funds may enter into foreign currency transactions to seek a closer correlation between a Fund’s overall currency exposures and the currency exposures of a Fund’s performance benchmark.

Unless otherwise covered in accordance with applicable regulations, cash or liquid assets of a Fund will be segregated in an amount equal to the value of the Fund’s total assets committed to the consummation of forward foreign currency exchange contracts. If the value of the segregated assets declines, additional cash or liquid assets will be segregated so that the value of the assets will equal the amount of a Fund’s commitments with respect to such contracts.

While a Fund may enter into forward contracts to reduce currency exchange rate risks, transactions in such contracts involve certain other risks. Thus, while the Fund may benefit from such transactions, unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in a poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not engaged in any such transactions. Moreover, there may be imperfect correlation between a Fund’s portfolio holdings of securities quoted or denominated in a particular currency and forward contracts entered into by such Fund. Such imperfect correlation may cause a Fund to sustain losses which will prevent the Fund from achieving a complete hedge or expose the Fund to risk of foreign exchange loss.

Markets for trading foreign forward currency contracts offer less protection against defaults than is available when trading in currency instruments on an exchange. Forward contracts are subject to the risk that the counterparty to such contract will default on its obligations. Because a forward foreign currency exchange contract is not guaranteed by an exchange or clearinghouse, a default on the contract would deprive a Fund of unrealized profits, transaction costs or the benefits of a currency hedge or force the Fund to cover its purchase or sale commitments, if any, at the current market price. In addition, the institutions that deal in forward currency contracts are not required to continue to make markets in the currencies they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity. A Fund will not enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts, currency swaps or other privately negotiated currency instruments unless the credit quality of the unsecured senior debt or the claims-paying ability of the counterparty is considered to be investment grade by the Investment Adviser. To the extent that a portion of a Fund’s total assets, adjusted to reflect the Fund’s net position after giving effect to currency transactions, is denominated or quoted in the currencies of foreign countries, the Fund will be more susceptible to the risk of adverse economic and political developments within those countries.

Writing and Purchasing Currency Call and Put Options. A Fund may, to the extent that it invests in foreign securities, write and purchase put and call options on foreign currencies for the purpose of protecting against declines in the U.S. dollar value of foreign portfolio securities and against increases in the U.S. dollar cost of foreign securities to be acquired. As with other kinds of option transactions, however, the writing of an option on foreign currency will constitute only a partial hedge, up to the amount of the premium received. If and when a Fund seeks to close out an option, the Fund could be required to purchase or sell foreign currencies at disadvantageous exchange rates, thereby incurring losses. The purchase of an option on foreign currency may constitute an effective hedge against exchange rate fluctuations; however, in the event of exchange rate movements adverse to a Fund’s position, the Fund may forfeit the entire amount of the premium plus related transaction costs. Options on foreign currencies may be traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges or over-the-counter.

Options on currency may also be used for cross-hedging purposes, which involves writing or purchasing options on one currency to seek to hedge against changes in exchange rates for a different currency with a pattern of correlation, or to seek to increase total return when the Investment Adviser anticipates that the currency will appreciate or depreciate in value, but the securities quoted or denominated in that currency do not present attractive investment opportunities and are not included in the Fund’s portfolio.

A call option written by a Fund obligates a Fund to sell a specified currency to the holder of the option at a specified price if the option is exercised before the expiration date. A put option written by a Fund would obligate a Fund to purchase a specified currency

 

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from the option holder at a specified price if the option is exercised before the expiration date. The writing of currency options involves a risk that a Fund will, upon exercise of the option, be required to sell currency subject to a call at a price that is less than the currency’s market value or be required to purchase currency subject to a put at a price that exceeds the currency’s market value. Written put and call options on foreign currencies may be covered in a manner similar to written put and call options on securities and securities indices described under “Options on Securities and Securities Indices—Writing Covered Options” above.

A Fund may terminate its obligations under a call or put option by purchasing an option identical to the one it has written. Such purchases are referred to as “closing purchase transactions.” A Fund may enter into closing sale transactions in order to realize gains or minimize losses on options purchased by the Fund.

A Fund may purchase call options on foreign currency in anticipation of an increase in the U.S. dollar value of currency in which securities to be acquired by a Fund are quoted or denominated. The purchase of a call option would entitle the Fund, in return for the premium paid, to purchase specified currency at a specified price during the option period. A Fund would ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of such currency exceeded the sum of the exercise price, the premium paid and transaction costs; otherwise the Fund would realize either no gain or a loss on the purchase of the call option.

A Fund may purchase put options in anticipation of a decline in the U.S. dollar value of currency in which securities in its portfolio are quoted or denominated (“protective puts”). The purchase of a put option would entitle a Fund, in exchange for the premium paid, to sell specified currency at a specified price during the option period. The purchase of protective puts is usually designed to offset or hedge against a decline in the dollar value of a Fund’s portfolio securities due to currency exchange rate fluctuations. A Fund would ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of the underlying currency decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to more than cover the premium and transaction costs; otherwise the Fund would realize either no gain or a loss on the purchase of the put option. Gains and losses on the purchase of protective put options would tend to be offset by countervailing changes in the value of underlying currency or portfolio securities.

As noted, in addition to using options for the hedging purposes described above, the Funds may use options on currency to seek to increase total return. The Funds may write (sell) covered put and call options on any currency in order to realize greater income than would be realized on portfolio securities transactions alone. However, in writing covered call options for additional income, the Funds may forego the opportunity to profit from an increase in the market value of the underlying currency. Also, when writing put options, the Funds accept, in return for the option premium, the risk that they may be required to purchase the underlying currency at a price in excess of the currency’s market value at the time of purchase.

Special Risks Associated with Options on Currency. An exchange-traded options position may be closed out only on an options exchange that provides a secondary market for an option of the same series. Although a Fund will generally purchase or write only those options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time. For some options no secondary market on an exchange may exist. In such event, it might not be possible to effect closing transactions in particular options, with the result that a Fund would have to exercise its options in order to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the sale of underlying securities pursuant to the exercise of put options. If a Fund as a covered call option writer is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction in a secondary market, it will not be able to sell the underlying currency (or security quoted or denominated in that currency), or dispose of the segregated assets, until the option expires or it delivers the underlying currency upon exercise.

There is no assurance that higher than anticipated trading activity or other unforeseen events might not, at times, render certain of the facilities of the Options Clearing Corporation inadequate, and thereby result in the institution by an exchange of special procedures which may interfere with the timely execution of customers’ orders.

A Fund may purchase and write over-the-counter options to the extent consistent with its limitation on investments in illiquid securities. Trading in over-the-counter options is subject to the risk that the other party will be unable or unwilling to close out options purchased or written by a Fund.

The amount of the premiums, which a Fund may pay or receive, may be adversely affected as new or existing institutions, including other investment companies, engage in or increase their option purchasing and writing activities.

Currency Swaps, Mortgage Swaps, Credit Swaps, Total Return Swaps, Options on Swaps, Index Swaps and Interest Rate Swaps, Caps, Floors and Collars

The Funds (other than the Structured Domestic Equity Funds) may enter into currency swaps for both hedging purposes and to seek to increase total return. The Funds may also enter into index swaps for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return. In addition, the Income Builder Fund may enter into currency, mortgage, credit, total return and interest rate swaps and other interest rate swap arrangements such as rate caps, floors and collars, for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return. The Income Builder Fund may also purchase and write (sell) options contracts on swaps, commonly referred to as swaptions. Currency swaps involve the

 

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exchange by a Fund with another party of their respective rights to make or receive payments in specified currencies. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by a Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, such as an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments. Mortgage swaps are similar to interest rate swaps in that they represent commitments to pay and receive interest. The notional principal amount, however, is tied to a reference pool or pools of mortgages. Index swaps involve the exchange by a Fund with another party of the respective amounts payable with respect to a notional principal amount at interest rates equal to two specified indices. Credit swaps involve the receipt of floating or fixed rate payments in exchange for assuming potential credit losses of an underlying security, or pool of securities. Credit swaps give one party to a transaction the right to dispose of or acquire an asset (or group of assets), or the right to receive from or make a payment to the other party, upon the occurrence of specified credit events. Total return swaps are contracts that obligate a party to pay or receive interest in exchange for the payment by the other party of the total return generated by a security, a basket of securities, an index or an index component. A swaption is an option to enter into a swap agreement. Like other types of options, the buyer of a swaption pays a non-refundable premium for the option and obtains the right, but not the obligation, to enter into an underlying swap on agreed-upon terms. The seller of a swaption, in exchange for the premium, becomes obligated (if the option is exercised) to enter into an underlying swap on agreed-upon terms. The purchase of an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined interest rate, to receive payment of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate cap. The purchase of an interest rate floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling the interest rate floor. An interest rate collar is the combination of a cap and a floor that preserves a certain return within a predetermined range of interest rates.

A great deal of flexibility is possible in the way swap transactions are structured. However, generally a Fund will enter into interest rate, total return, credit, mortgage and index swaps on a net basis, which means that the two payment streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. Interest rate, total return, credit, index and mortgage swaps do not normally involve the delivery of securities, other underlying assets or principal. Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to interest rate, total return, credit, index and mortgage swaps is normally limited to the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make. If the other party to an interest rate, total return, credit, index or mortgage swap defaults, the Fund’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive. In contrast, currency swaps usually involve the delivery of a gross payment stream in one designated currency in exchange for the gross payment stream in another designated currency. Therefore, the entire payment stream under a currency swap is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations. To the extent that the Fund’s exposure in a transaction involving a swap, a swaption or an interest rate floor, cap or collar is covered by the segregation of cash or liquid assets or otherwise, the Funds and the Investment Advisers believe that swaps do not constitute senior securities under the Act and, accordingly, will not treat them as being subject to a Fund’s borrowing restrictions.

A Fund will not enter into transactions involving swaps, caps, floors or collars unless the unsecured commercial paper, senior debt or claims paying ability of the other party thereto is considered to be investment grade by the Investment Adviser.

The use of swaps, swaptions and interest rate caps, floors and collars is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If an Investment Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, credit quality, interest rates and currency exchange rates, the investment performance of a Fund would be less favorable than it would have been if this investment technique were not used. The Investment Advisers, under the supervision of the Board of Trustees, are responsible for determining and monitoring the liquidity of the Funds’ transactions in swaps, swaptions, caps, floors and collars.

Convertible Securities

Each Fund may invest in convertible securities. Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock of the same or different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest that is generally paid or accrued on debt or a dividend that is paid or accrued on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Convertible securities have unique investment characteristics, in that they generally (i) have higher yields than common stocks, but lower yields than comparable non-convertible securities, (ii) are less subject to fluctuation in value than the underlying common stock due to their fixed income characteristics and (iii) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases.

The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” (determined by its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege) and its “conversion value” (the security’s worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value normally declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors may also have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value.

 

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The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed income security.

A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument. If a convertible security held by a Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock or sell it to a third party. Any of these actions could have an adverse effect on a Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, which, in turn, could result in losses to the Fund.

In evaluating a convertible security, the Investment Adviser will give primary emphasis to the attractiveness of the underlying common stock. Convertible debt securities are equity investments for purposes of each Fund’s investment policies.

Preferred Securities

Each Fund may invest in preferred securities. Unlike debt securities, the obligations of an issuer of preferred stock, including dividend and other payment obligations, may not typically be accelerated by the holders of preferred stock on the occurrence of an event of default (such as a covenant default or filing of a bankruptcy petition) or other non-compliance by the issuer with the terms of the preferred stock. Often, however, on the occurrence of any such event of default or non-compliance by the issuer, preferred stockholders will be entitled to gain representation on the issuer’s board of directors or increase their existing board representation. In addition, preferred stockholders may be granted voting rights with respect to certain issues on the occurrence of any event of default.

Equity Swaps

Each Fund may enter into equity swap contracts to invest in a market without owning or taking physical custody of securities in various circumstances, including circumstances where direct investment in the securities is restricted for legal reasons or is otherwise impracticable. Equity swaps may also be used for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return. The counterparty to an equity swap contract will typically be a bank, investment banking firm or broker/dealer. Equity swap contracts may be structured in different ways. For example, a counterparty may agree to pay the Fund the amount, if any, by which the notional amount of the equity swap contract would have increased in value had it been invested in particular stocks (or an index of stocks), plus the dividends that would have been received on those stocks. In these cases, the Fund may agree to pay to the counterparty a floating rate of interest on the notional amount of the equity swap contract plus the amount, if any, by which that notional amount would have decreased in value had it been invested in such stocks. Therefore, the return to the Fund on the equity swap contract should be the gain or loss on the notional amount plus dividends on the stocks less the interest paid by the Fund on the notional amount. In other cases, the counterparty and the Fund may each agree to pay the other the difference between the relative investment performances that would have been achieved if the notional amount of the equity swap contract had been invested in different stocks (or indices of stocks).

A Fund will generally enter into equity swaps on a net basis, which means that the two payment streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. Payments may be made at the conclusion of an equity swap contract or periodically during its term. Equity swaps normally do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets. Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to equity swaps is normally limited to the net amount of payments that a Fund is contractually obligated to make. If the other party to an equity swap defaults, a Fund’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments that such Fund is contractually entitled to receive, if any. Inasmuch as these transactions are entered into for hedging purposes or are offset by segregated cash or liquid assets to cover the Funds’ exposure, the Funds and their Investment Advisers believe that transactions do not constitute senior securities under the Act and, accordingly, will not treat them as being subject to a Fund’s borrowing restrictions.

A Fund will not enter into swap transactions unless the unsecured commercial paper, senior debt or claims paying ability of the other party thereto is considered to be investment grade by the Investment Adviser. A Fund’s ability to enter into certain swap transactions may be limited by tax considerations.

Lending of Portfolio Securities

Each Structured Equity Fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other institutions, including Goldman Sachs. By lending its securities, a Fund attempts to increase its net investment income.

Securities loans are required to be secured continuously by collateral in cash, cash equivalents, letters of credit or U.S. Government Securities equal to at least 100% of the value of the loaned securities. This collateral must be valued, or “marked to market,” daily. Borrowers are required to furnish additional collateral to the Fund as necessary to fully cover their obligations.

 

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With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the Fund may reinvest that cash in short-term investments and pay the borrower a pre-negotiated fee or “rebate” from any return earned on the investment. Investing the collateral subjects it to market depreciation or appreciation, and a Fund is responsible for any loss that may result from its investment of the borrowed collateral. Cash collateral may be invested in, among other things, other registered or unregistered funds, including private investing funds or money market funds that are managed by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates, and which pay the Investment Adviser or its affiliates for their services. If the Fund would receive non-cash collateral, the Fund receives a fee from the borrower equal to a negotiated percentage of the market value of the loaned securities.

For the duration of any securities loan, the Fund will continue to receive the equivalent of the interest, dividends or other distributions paid by the issuer on the loaned securities. The Fund will not have the right to vote its loaned securities during the period of the loan, but a Fund may attempt to recall a loaned security in anticipation of a material vote if it desires to do so. A Fund will have the right to terminate a loan at any time and recall the loaned securities within the normal and customary settlement time for securities transactions.

Securities lending involves certain risks. The Fund may lose money on its investment of cash collateral, resulting in a loss of principal, or may fail to earn sufficient income on its investment to cover the fee or rebate it has agreed to pay the borrower. A Fund may incur losses in connection with its securities lending activities that exceed the value of the interest income and fees received in connection with such transactions. Securities lending subjects a Fund to the risk of loss resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process, and to additional credit, counterparty and market risk. These risks could be greater with respect to non-U.S. securities. Engaging in securities lending could have a leveraging effect, which may intensify the other risks associated with investments in the Fund. In addition, a Fund bears the risk that the price of the securities on loan will increase while they are on loan, or that the price of the collateral will decline in value during the period of the loan, and that the counterparty will not provide, or will delay in providing, additional collateral. A Fund also bears the risk that a borrower may fail to return securities in a timely manner or at all, either because the borrower fails financially or for other reasons. If a borrower of securities fails financially, a Fund may also lose its rights in the collateral. A Fund could experience delays and costs in recovering loaned securities or in gaining access to and liquidating the collateral, which could result in actual financial loss and which could interfere with portfolio management decisions or the exercise of ownership rights in the loaned securities. If a Fund is not able to recover the securities lent, the Fund may sell the collateral and purchase replacement securities in the market. However, the Fund will incur transaction costs on the purchase of replacement securities. These events could trigger adverse tax consequences for the Fund. In determining whether to lend securities to a particular borrower, and throughout the period of the loan, the creditworthiness of the borrower will be considered and monitored. Loans will only be made to firms deemed to be of good standing, and where the consideration that can be earned currently from securities loans of this type is deemed to justify the attendant risk. It is intended that the value of securities loaned by a Fund will not exceed one-third of the value of a Fund’s total assets (including the loan collateral).

The Fund will consider the loaned securities as assets of the Fund, but will not consider any collateral as a Fund asset except when determining total assets for the purpose of the above one-third limitation. Loan collateral (including any investment of the collateral) is not subject to the percentage limitations stated elsewhere in this SAI or in the Prospectuses regarding investing in fixed income securities and cash equivalents.

The Board of Trustees has approved each Structured Equity Fund’s participation in a securities lending program and has adopted policies and procedures relating thereto. Under the current securities lending program, the Structured Equity Funds have retained an affiliate of the Investment Adviser to serve as their securities lending agent.

For its services, the securities lending agent may receive a fee from a Fund, including a fee based on the returns earned on the Fund’s investment of cash received as collateral for the loaned securities. In addition, a Fund may make brokerage and other payments to Goldman Sachs and its affiliates in connection with the Fund’s portfolio investment transactions. A Fund’s Board of Trustees periodically reviews securities loan transactions for which a Goldman Sachs affiliate has acted as lending agent for compliance with the Fund’s securities lending procedures. Goldman Sachs may also be approved as a borrower under a Fund’s securities lending program, subject to certain conditions.

When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments

Each Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis beyond the customary settlement time. These transactions involve a commitment by a Fund to purchase or sell securities at a future date. The price of the underlying securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the securities will be delivered and paid for (the settlement date) are fixed at the time the transaction is negotiated. When-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions are negotiated directly with the other party, and such commitments are not traded on exchanges. A Fund will generally purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, a

 

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Fund may dispose of or negotiate a commitment after entering into it. A Fund may also sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. A Fund may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with these transactions. For purposes of determining a Fund’s duration, the maturity of when-issued or forward commitment securities will be calculated from the commitment date. A Fund is generally required to segregate, until three days prior to the settlement date, cash and liquid assets in an amount sufficient to meet the purchase price unless the Fund’s obligations are otherwise covered. Alternatively, a Fund may enter into offsetting contracts for the forward sale of other securities that it owns. Securities purchased or sold on a when-issued or forward commitment basis involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date or if the value of the security to be sold increases prior to the settlement date.

Investment in Unseasoned Companies

Each Fund may invest in companies (including predecessors) which have operated less than three years. The securities of such companies may have limited liquidity, which can result in their being priced higher or lower than might otherwise be the case. In addition, investments in unseasoned companies are more speculative and entail greater risk than do investments in companies with an established operating record.

Other Investment Companies

Each Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies, including ETFs. A Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management fees and other expenses paid by investment companies in which it invests, in addition to the management fees (and other expenses) paid by the Fund. A Fund’s investments in other investment companies are subject to statutory limitations prescribed by the Act, including in certain circumstances a prohibition on the Fund acquiring more that 3% of the voting shares of any other investment company, and a prohibition on investing more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets in securities of any one investment company or more than 10% of its total assets in the securities of all investment companies. Many ETFs, however, have obtained exemptive relief from the SEC to permit unaffiliated funds (such as the Funds) to invest in their shares beyond these statutory limits, subject to certain conditions and pursuant to contractual arrangements between the ETFs and the investing funds. A Fund may rely on these exemptive orders in investing in ETFs. Moreover, pursuant to an exemptive order obtained from the SEC or under an exemptive rule adopted by the SEC, the Funds may invest in investment companies and money market funds for which an Investment Adviser, or any of its affiliates, serves as investment adviser, administrator and/or distributor. However, to the extent that a Fund invests in a money market fund for which an Investment Adviser or any of its affiliates acts as investment adviser, the management fees payable by the Fund to the Investment Adviser will, to the extent required by the SEC, be reduced by an amount equal to the Fund’s proportionate share of the management fees paid by such money market fund to its investment adviser. Although the Funds do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future, each Fund is authorized to invest substantially all of its assets in a single open-end investment company or series thereof that has substantially the same investment objective, policies and fundamental restrictions as the Fund. Additionally, to the extent that any Fund serves as an “underlying Fund” to another Goldman Sachs Fund, that Fund intends to comply with the requirements of Section 12(d)(1)(G)(i)(IV) of the Act.

Each Fund (other than the Structured Domestic Equity Funds) may purchase shares of investment companies investing primarily in foreign securities, including “country funds.” Country funds have portfolios consisting primarily of securities of issuers located in specified foreign countries or regions.

ETFs are shares of unaffiliated investment companies issuing shares which are traded like traditional equity securities on a national stock exchange. An ETF represents a portfolio of securities, which is often designed to track a particular market segment or index. An investment in an ETF, like one in any investment company, carries the same risks as those of its underlying securities. An ETF may fail to accurately track the returns of the market segment or index that it is designed to track, and the price of an ETF’s shares may fluctuate or lose money. In addition, because they, unlike other investment companies, are traded on an exchange, ETFs are subject to the following risks: (i) the market price of the ETF’s shares may trade at a premium or discount to the ETF’s net asset value; (ii) an active trading market for an ETF may not develop or be maintained; and (iii) there is no assurance that the requirements of the exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the ETF will continue to be met or remain unchanged. In the event substantial market or other disruptions affecting ETFs should occur in the future, the liquidity and value of a Fund’s shares could also be substantially and adversely affected.

Repurchase Agreements

Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with banks, brokers and securities dealers which furnish collateral at least equal in value or market price to the amount of their repurchase obligation. The Funds (except the Structured Domestic Equity Funds) may also enter into repurchase agreements involving certain foreign government securities. A repurchase agreement is an arrangement under which a Fund purchases securities and the seller agrees to repurchase the securities within a particular time and at a specified price for the duration of the agreement. Custody of the securities is maintained by a Fund’s custodian (or subcustodian). The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase price, the difference being income to a Fund, or the purchase and repurchase prices may be the same, with interest at a stated rate due to a Fund together with the repurchase price on repurchase. In either case, the income to a Fund is unrelated to the interest rate on the security subject to the repurchase agreement.

 

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For purposes of the Act and generally for tax purposes, a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan from a Fund to the seller of the security. For other purposes, it is not always clear whether a court would consider the security purchased by a Fund subject to a repurchase agreement as being owned by a Fund or as being collateral for a loan by a Fund to the seller. In the event of commencement of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings with respect to the seller of the security before repurchase of the security under a repurchase agreement, a Fund may encounter delay and incur costs before being able to sell the security. Such a delay may involve loss of interest or a decline in price of the security. If the court characterizes the transaction as a loan and a Fund has not perfected a security interest in the security, a Fund may be required to return the security to the seller’s estate and be treated as an unsecured creditor of the seller. As an unsecured creditor, a Fund would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and interest involved in the transaction.

Apart from the risk of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, there is also the risk that the seller may fail to repurchase the security. However, if the market value of the security subject to the repurchase agreement becomes less than the repurchase price (including accrued interest), a Fund will direct the seller of the security to deliver additional securities so that the market value of all securities subject to the repurchase agreement equals or exceeds the repurchase price. Certain repurchase agreements which provide for settlement in more than seven days can be liquidated before the nominal fixed term on seven days or less notice. Such repurchase agreements will be regarded as liquid instruments.

The Funds, together with other registered investment companies having advisory agreements with the Investment Advisers or their affiliates, may transfer uninvested cash balances into a single joint account, the daily aggregate balance of which will be invested in one or more repurchase agreements.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

The Income Builder Fund may borrow money by entering into transactions called reverse repurchase agreements. Under these arrangements, the Fund will sell portfolio securities to dealers in U.S. Government Securities or members of the Federal Reserve System, with an agreement to repurchase the security on an agreed date, price and interest payment. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the possible risk that the value of portfolio securities the Fund relinquishes may decline below the price the Fund must pay when the transaction closes. Borrowings may magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested resulting in an increase in the speculative character of the Fund’s outstanding shares.

When the Income Builder Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it places in a separate custodial account either liquid assets or other high-grade debt securities that have a value equal to or greater than the repurchase price. The account is thereafter monitored to make sure that an appropriate value is maintained. Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings under the Act.

Short Sales

The Structured International Small Cap and Structured Emerging Markets Equity Funds may engage in short sales. Short sales are transactions in which a Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation of a decline in the market value of that security. To complete such a transaction, the Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund then is obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to pay to the lender amounts equal to any dividend which accrues during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. There will also be other costs associated with short sales.

A Fund will incur a loss as a result of the short sale if the price of the security increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed security. The Fund will realize a gain if the security declines in price between those dates. This result is the opposite of what one would expect from a cash purchase of a long position in a security. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium or amounts in lieu of interest the Fund may be required to pay in connection with a short sale, and will be also decreased by any transaction or other costs.

Until a Fund replaces a borrowed security in connection with a short sale, the Fund will (a) segregate cash or liquid assets at such a level that the segregated assets plus any amount deposited with the broker as collateral will equal the current value of the security sold short or (b) otherwise cover its short position in accordance with applicable law.

There is no guarantee that a Fund will be able to close out a short position at any particular time or at an acceptable price. During the time that a Fund is short a security, it is subject to the risk that the lender of the security will terminate the loan at a time when the Fund is unable to borrow the same security from another lender. If that occurs, the Fund may be “bought in” at the price required to purchase the security needed to close out the short position, which may be a disadvantageous price.

 

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Each Fund may engage in short sales against the box. As noted above, a short sale is made by selling a security the seller does not own. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent that the seller contemporaneously owns or has the right to obtain, at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. It may be entered into by a Fund, for example, to lock in a sales price for a security the Fund does not wish to sell immediately. If a Fund sells securities short against the box, it may protect itself from loss if the price of the securities declines in the future, but will lose the opportunity to profit on such securities if the price rises.

If a Fund effects a short sale of securities at a time when it has an unrealized gain on the securities, it may be required to recognize that gain as if it had actually sold the securities (as a “constructive sale”) on the date it effects the short sale. However, such constructive sale treatment may not apply if a Fund closes out the short sale with securities other than the appreciated securities held at the time of the short sale and if certain other conditions are satisfied. Uncertainty regarding the tax consequences of effecting short sales may limit the extent to which a Fund may effect short sales.

Mortgage Dollar Rolls

A Fund may enter into mortgage dollar rolls, in which a Fund sells securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts with the same counterparty to repurchase similar, but not identical securities on a specified future date. When a Fund enters into a mortgage dollar roll, it will segregate cash or liquid assets in an amount equal to the forward purchase price until the settlement date.

Collateralized Debt Obligations

The Income Builder Fund may invest in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), which include collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), and other similarly structured securities. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. CDOs may charge management and other administrative fees.

The cashflows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Because it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CLO securities as a class.

The risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CDO in which the Fund invests. Normally, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CDOs may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities, however an active dealer market may exist for CDOs allowing a CDO to qualify a under the Rule 144A “safe harbor” from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resales of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed income securities discussed elsewhere in this SAI and the Fund’s Prospectuses (e.g., interest rate risk and default risk), CDOs carry additional risks including, but are not limited to, the risk that: (i) distributions from collateral securities may not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the Fund may invest in CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.

Participation Notes

Each International Equity Fund (other than the Brazil Equity Fund) may invest in participation notes. Some countries, especially emerging markets countries, do not permit foreigners to participate directly in their securities markets or otherwise present difficulties for efficient foreign investment. The Funds may use participation notes to establish a position in such markets as a substitute for direct investment. Participation notes are issued by banks or broker-dealers and are designed to track the return of a particular underlying equity or debt security, currency or market. When a participation note matures, the issuer of the participation note will pay to, or receive from, the Fund the difference between the nominal value of the underlying instrument at the time of purchase and that instrument’s value at maturity. Investments in participation notes involve the same risks associated with a direct investment in the underlying security, currency or market that they seek to replicate. In addition, participation notes are generally traded over-the-counter and are subject to counterparty risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that the broker-dealer or bank that issues them will not fulfill

 

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its contractual obligation to complete the transaction with a Fund. Participation notes constitute general unsecured contractual obligations of the banks or broker-dealers that issue them, and a Fund would be relying on the creditworthiness of such banks or broker-dealers and would have no rights under a participation note against the issuer of the underlying assets. In addition, participation notes may trade at a discount to the value of the underlying securities or markets that they seek to replicate.

Low Exercise Price Options

From time to time, the International Equity Funds (other than the Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds) may use non-standard warrants, including low exercise price warrants or low exercise price options (“LEPOs”), to gain exposure to issuers in certain countries. LEPOs are different from standard warrants in that they do not give their holders the right to receive a security of the issuer upon exercise. Rather, LEPOs pay the holder the difference in price of the underlying security between the date the LEPO was purchased and the date it is sold. Additionally, LEPOs entail the same risks as other over-the-counter derivatives. These include the risk that the counterparty or issuer of the LEPO may not be able to fulfill its obligations, that the holder and counterparty or issuer may disagree as to the meaning or application of contractual terms, or that the instrument may not perform as expected. Additionally, while LEPOs may be listed on an exchange, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist or that the counterparty or issuer of a LEPO will be willing to repurchase such instrument when the Fund wishes to sell it.

Optimized Portfolio as Listed Securities

The International Equity Funds (other than the Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds) may invest in optimized portfolio as listed securities (“OPALS”). OPALS represent an interest in a basket of securities of companies primarily located in a specific country generally designed to track an index for that country. Investments in OPALS are subject to the same risks inherent in directly investing in foreign securities and also have the risk that they will not track the underlying index. In addition, because the OPALS are not registered under applicable securities laws, they may only be sold to certain classes of investors, and it may be more difficult for the Fund to sell OPALS than other types of securities. However, the OPALS may generally be exchanged with the issuer for the underlying securities, which may be more readily tradable.

Equity-Linked Structured Notes

The International Equity Funds may invest in equity-linked structured notes. Equity-linked structured notes are derivatives that are specifically designed to combine the characteristics of one or more underlying securities and their equity derivatives in a single note form. The return and/or yield or income component may be based on the performance of the underlying equity securities, an equity index, and/or option positions. Equity-linked structured notes are typically offered in limited transactions by financial institutions in either registered or non-registered form. An investment in equity-linked notes creates exposure to the credit risk of the issuing financial institution, as well as to the market risk of the underlying securities. There is no guaranteed return of principal with these securities and the appreciation potential of these securities may be limited by a maximum payment or call right. In certain cases, equity-linked notes may be more volatile and less liquid than less complex securities or other types of fixed-income securities. Such securities may exhibit price behavior that does not correlate with other fixed-income securities.

Commodity-Linked Notes

The N-11 Equity Fund may invest in commodity-linked notes. Commodity-linked notes are a type of structured note. Commodity-linked notes are privately negotiated structured debt securities indexed to the return of an index such as the Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index Total Return, which is representative of the commodities market. They are available from a limited number of approved counterparties, and all invested amounts are exposed to the dealer’s credit risk. Commodity-linked notes may be leveraged. For example, if the Fund invests $100 in a three-times leveraged commodity-linked note, it will exchange $100 principal with the dealer to obtain $300 exposure to the commodities market because the value of the note will change by a magnitude of three for every percentage change (positive or negative) in the value of the underlying index. This means a $100 note would be worth $70 if the commodity index decreased by 10 percent. Structured notes also are subject to counterparty risk.

Currency-Linked Notes

The N-11 Equity Fund may invest in currency-linked notes. Currency-linked notes are short- or intermediate-term debt securities whose value at maturity or interest payments are linked to the change in value of the U.S. dollar against the performance of a currency index or one or more foreign currencies. In some cases, these securities pay an amount at maturity based on a multiple of the amount of a currency’s change against the dollar. If they are sold prior to their maturity, their price may be higher or lower than their purchase price as a result of market conditions or changes in the credit quality of the issuer.

Non-Diversified Status

Because the BRIC, N-11 Equity, Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds are “non-diversified” under the Act, they are subject only to certain federal tax diversification requirements. Under federal tax laws, each Fund may, with respect

 

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to 50% of its total assets, invest up to 25% of its total assets in the securities of any issuer. With respect to the remaining 50% of the Fund’s total assets, (i) the Fund may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one issuer, and (ii) the Fund may not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer. These tests apply at the end of each quarter of the taxable year and are subject to certain conditions and limitations under the Code. These tests do not apply to investments in United States Government Securities and regulated investment companies.

Temporary Investments

Each Fund may, for temporary defensive purposes, invest a certain percentage of its total assets in: U.S. Government Securities; commercial paper rated at least A-2 by Standard & Poor’s, P-2 by Moody’s or having a comparable rating by another NRSRO (or, if unrated, determined by the Investment Adviser to be of comparable credit quality); certificates of deposit; bankers’ acceptances; repurchase agreements; non-convertible preferred stocks and non-convertible corporate bonds with a remaining maturity of less than one year; ETFs; other investment companies; and cash items. When a Fund’s assets are invested in such instruments, the Fund may not be achieving its investment objective.

Portfolio Turnover

Each Fund may engage in active short-term trading to benefit from price disparities among different issues of securities or among the markets for equity securities, or for other reasons. As a result of active management, it is anticipated that the portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year as well as within a particular year, and may be affected by changes in the holdings of specific issuers, changes in country and currency weightings, cash requirements for redemption of shares and by requirements which enable the Funds to receive favorable tax treatment. The Funds are not restricted by policy with regard to portfolio turnover and will make changes in their investment portfolio from time to time as business and economic conditions as well as market prices may dictate. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the Income Builder and Asia Equity Funds’ portfolio turnover rates increased from their respective portfolio turnover rates from the prior year due to an increase in the overall purchase and sales of securities due to volatile market conditions; the Structured Small Cap Equity, Structured Small Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Value and Structured International Small Cap Funds’ portfolio turnover rates decreased from their respective portfolio turnover rates from the prior year due to a decrease in market opportunities; and the Concentrated international Equity and International Small Cap Funds’ portfolio turnover rates decreased from their respective portfolio turnover rates from the prior year due to tax-driven sales of certain portfolio holdings causing higher turnover in the prior year.

Special Note Regarding Market Events

Events in the financial sector over the past several years have resulted in reduced liquidity in credit and fixed income markets and in an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, both domestically and internationally. While entire markets have been impacted, issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage and credit markets have been particularly affected. These events and the potential for continuing market turbulence may have an adverse effect on the Funds’ investments. It is uncertain how long these conditions will continue.

The instability in the financial markets led the U.S. government to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and certain segments of the financial markets. Federal, state, and foreign governments, regulatory agencies, and self -regulatory organizations may take actions that affect the regulation of the instruments in which the Funds invest, or the issuers of such instruments, in ways that are unforeseeable. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Funds’ ability to achieve their investment objectives.

Governments or their agencies may also acquire distressed assets from financial institutions and acquire ownership interests in those institutions. The implications of government ownership and disposition of these assets are unclear, and such ownership or disposition may have positive or negative effects on the liquidity, valuation and performance of the Funds’ portfolio holdings.

 

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INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

The investment restrictions set forth below have been adopted by the Trust as fundamental policies that cannot be changed with respect to a Fund without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the Act) of the affected Fund. The investment objective of each Fund and all other investment policies or practices of each Fund are considered by the Trust not to be fundamental and accordingly may be changed without shareholder approval. For purposes of the Act, a “majority” of the outstanding voting securities means the lesser of the vote of (i) 67% or more of the shares of the Trust or a Fund present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or a Fund are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the shares of the Trust or a Fund.

For purposes of the following limitations, any limitation which involves a maximum percentage shall not be considered violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by, an acquisition or encumbrance of securities or assets of, or borrowings by, a Fund. With respect to the Funds’ fundamental investment restriction number (3) below, asset coverage of at least 300% (as defined in the Act), inclusive of any amounts borrowed, must be maintained at all times.

As a matter of fundamental policy, a Fund may not:

 

(1) Make any investment inconsistent with the Fund’s classification as a diversified company under the Act. This restriction does not, however, apply to any Fund classified as a non-diversified company under the Act.

 

(2) Invest 25% or more (more than 25%, for the Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds) of its total assets in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry (excluding the U.S. Government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities), except that each of the Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds may invest up to 35% of its total assets in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry if, at the time of investment, that industry represents 20% or more of the Fund’s benchmark index.

 

(3) Borrow money, except (a) the Income Builder, Structured Large Cap Value, Structured U.S. Equity, Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Equity, Structured International Equity, Concentrated International, International Small Cap, Emerging Markets Equity and Asia Equity Funds may borrow from banks (as defined in the Act) or through reverse repurchase agreements in amounts up to 33-1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed), (b) the Structured Small Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Growth, Structured International Small Cap, Structured Emerging Markets Equity, BRIC, Strategic International Equity, N-11 Equity, Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds, to the extent permitted by applicable law, may borrow from banks (as defined in the Act), other affiliated investment companies and other persons or through reverse repurchase agreements in amounts up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed), (c) each Fund may, to the extent permitted by applicable law, borrow up to an additional 5% of its total assets for temporary purposes, (d) each Fund may obtain such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities, (e) each Fund may purchase securities on margin to the extent permitted by applicable law and (f) each Fund may engage in transactions in mortgage dollar rolls which are accounted for as financings.

The following interpretation applies to, but is not part of, this fundamental policy: In determining whether a particular investment in portfolio instruments or participation in portfolio transactions is subject to this borrowing policy, the accounting treatment of such instrument or participation shall be considered, but shall not by itself be determinative. Whether a particular instrument or transaction constitutes a borrowing shall be determined by the Board, after consideration of all of the relevant circumstances.

 

(4) Make loans, except through (a) the purchase of debt obligations in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies, (b) repurchase agreements with banks, brokers, dealers and other financial institutions, (c) loans of securities as permitted by applicable law, and (d) (Structured Small Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Growth, Structured International Small Cap, Structured Emerging Markets Equity, BRIC, Strategic International Equity, N-11 Equity, Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds only) loans to affiliates of the Funds to the extent permitted by law.

 

(5) Underwrite securities issued by others, except to the extent that the sale of portfolio securities by the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriting.

 

(6) Purchase, hold or deal in real estate, although a Fund may purchase and sell securities that are secured by real estate or interests therein, securities of real estate investment trusts and mortgage-related securities and may hold and sell real estate acquired by a Fund as a result of the ownership of securities.

 

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(7) Invest in commodities or commodity contracts, except that the Fund may invest in currency and financial instruments and contracts that are commodities or commodity contracts.

 

(8) Issue senior securities to the extent such issuance would violate applicable law.

Each Fund may, notwithstanding any other fundamental investment restriction or policy, invest some or all of its assets in a single open-end investment company or series thereof with substantially the same fundamental investment objective, restrictions and policies as the Fund.

In addition to the fundamental policies mentioned above, the Trustees have adopted the following non-fundamental policies which can be changed or amended by action of the Trustees without approval of shareholders. Again, for purposes of the following limitations, any limitation which involves a maximum percentage shall not be considered violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by, an acquisition of securities by the Fund.

A Fund may not:

 

  (a) Invest in companies for the purpose of exercising control or management.

 

  (b) Invest more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets in illiquid investments including illiquid repurchase agreements with a notice or demand period of more than seven days, securities which are not readily marketable and restricted securities not eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”).

 

  (c) Purchase additional securities if the Fund’s borrowings, as permitted by the Fund’s borrowing policy, exceed 5% of its net assets. (Mortgage dollar rolls are not subject to this limitation.)

 

  (d) Make short sales of securities, except: (i) the Structured International Small Cap and Structured Emerging Markets Equity Funds may make short sales of securities, and (ii) a Fund may make short sales against the box.

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

The Trust’s Leadership Structure

The business and affairs of the Funds are managed under the direction of the Board of Trustees (the “Board”), subject to the laws of the State of Delaware and the Trust’s Declaration of Trust. The Trustees are responsible for deciding matters of overall policy and reviewing the actions of the Trust’s service providers. The officers of the Trust conduct and supervise each Fund’s daily business operations. Trustees who are not deemed to be “interested persons” of the Trust as defined in the Act are referred to as “Independent Trustees.” Trustees who are deemed to be “interested persons” of the Trust are referred to as “Interested Trustees.” The Board is currently composed of seven Independent Trustees and two Interested Trustees. The Board has selected an Independent Trustee to act as Chairman, whose duties include presiding at meetings of the Board and acting as a focal point to address significant issues that may arise between regularly scheduled Board and Committee meetings. In the performance of the Chairman’s duties, the Chairman will consult with the other Independent Trustees and the Funds’ officers and legal counsel, as appropriate. The Chairman may perform other functions as requested by the Board from time to time.

The Board meets as often as necessary to discharge its responsibilities. Currently, the Board conducts regular, in-person meetings at least six times a year, and holds special in-person or telephonic meetings as necessary to address specific issues that require attention prior to the next regularly scheduled meeting. In addition, the Independent Trustees meet at least annually to review, among other things, investment management agreements, distribution (Rule 12b-1) and/or service plans and related agreements, transfer agency agreements and certain other agreements providing for the compensation of Goldman Sachs and/or its affiliates by the Funds, and to consider such other matters as they deem appropriate.

The Board has established six standing committees — Audit, Governance and Nominating, Compliance, Valuation, Dividend and Contract Review Committees. The Board may establish other committees, or nominate one or more Trustees to examine particular issues related to the Board’s oversight responsibilities, from time to time. Each Committee meets periodically to perform its delegated oversight functions and reports its findings and recommendations to the Board. For more information on the Committees, see the section “STANDING BOARD COMMITTEES,” below.

The Trustees have determined that the Trust’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Trustees to effectively perform their oversight responsibilities.

 

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Trustees of the Trust

Information pertaining to the Trustees of the Trust as of August 24, 2012 is set forth below.

Independent Trustees

 

Name, Address

and Age1

  

Position(s)
Held with
the Trust

  

Term of
Office and
Length of
Time

Served2

  

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

   Number of
Portfolios in
Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Trustee3
  

Other Directorships
Held by Trustee4

Ashok N. Bakhru

Age: 70

   Chairman of the Board of Trustees    Since 1996 (Trustee since 1991)   

Mr. Bakhru is retired. He is President, ABN Associates (1994–1996 and 1998–Present); Director, Apollo Investment Corporation (a business development company) (2008-Present); Member of Cornell University Council (1992–2004 and 2006–Present); and was formerly Trustee, Scholarship America (1998–2005); Trustee, Institute for Higher Education Policy (2003–2008); Director, Private Equity Investors–III and IV (1998–2007), and Equity-Linked Investors II (April 2002–2007).

 

Chairman of the Board of Trustees—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

   109    Apollo Investment Corporation (a business development company)

Donald C. Burke

Age: 52

   Trustee    Since 2010   

Mr. Burke is retired. He is Director, Avista Corp. (2011-Present); and was formerly a Director, BlackRock Luxembourg and Cayman Funds (2006–2010); President and Chief Executive Officer, BlackRock U.S. Funds (2007–2009); Managing Director, BlackRock, Inc. (2006–2009); Managing Director, Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, L.P. (“MLIM”) (2006); First Vice President, MLIM (1997–2005); Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, MLIM U.S. Funds (1999–2006).

 

Trustee—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

   109    Avista Corp. (an energy company)

John P. Coblentz, Jr.

Age: 71

   Trustee    Since 2003    Mr. Coblentz is retired. Formerly, he was Partner, Deloitte & Touche LLP (1975—2003); Director, Emerging Markets Group, Ltd. (2004—2006); and Director, Elderhostel, Inc. (2006— Present).    109    None
         Trustee—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.      

 

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Diana M. Daniels Age: 63    Trustee    Since 2007   

Ms. Daniels is retired. Formerly, she was Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, The Washington Post Company (1991—2006). Ms. Daniels is a Vice Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Cornell University (2009—Present); Member, Advisory Board, Psychology Without Borders (international humanitarian aid organization) (since 2007), and former Member of the Legal Advisory Board, New York Stock Exchange (2003—2006) and of the Corporate Advisory Board, Standish Mellon Management Advisors (2006—2007).

 

Trustee—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

   109    None

Joseph P. LoRusso

Age: 55

   Trustee    Since 2010   

Mr. LoRusso is retired. Formerly, he was President, Fidelity Investments Institutional Services Co. (“FIIS”) (2002–2008); Director, FIIS (2002–2008); Director, Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company (2003–2007); Executive Officer, Fidelity Distributors Corporation (2007–2008).

 

Trustee—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

   109    None
Jessica Palmer Age: 63    Trustee    Since 2007   

Ms. Palmer is retired. She is Director, Emerson Center for the Arts and Culture (2011–Present); and was formerly a Consultant, Citigroup Human Resources Department (2007-2008); Managing Director, Citigroup Corporate and Investment Banking (previously, Salomon Smith Barney/Salomon Brothers) (1984–2006). Ms. Palmer was a Member of the Board of Trustees of Indian Mountain School (private elementary and secondary school) (2004–2009).

 

Trustee—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

   109    None
Richard P. Strubel Age: 73    Trustee    Since 1987   

Mr. Strubel is retired. Formerly, he was Director, Cardean Learning Group (provider of educational services via the internet) (2003–2008); Trustee Emeritus, The University of Chicago (1987-Present).

 

Trustee—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

   109   

The Northern Trust Mutual Fund Complex (64 Portfolios)

(Chairman of the Board of Trustees); Gildan Activewear Inc. (a clothing marketing and manufacturing company)

 

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         Interested Trustees      
James A. McNamara* Age: 49    President and Trustee    Since 2007   

Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (December 1998—Present); Director of Institutional Fund Sales, GSAM (April 1998—December 2000); and Senior Vice President and Manager, Dreyfus Institutional Service Corporation (January 1993—April 1998).

 

President—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (November 2007— Present); Senior Vice President—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (May 2007—November 2007); and Vice President—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (2001—2007).

 

Trustee—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (November 2007 and December 2002—May 2004).

   109    None
Alan A. Shuch*
Age: 62
   Trustee    Since 1990   

Advisory Director—GSAM (May 1999 —Present); Consultant to GSAM (December 1994—May 1999); and Limited Partner, Goldman Sachs (December 1994—May 1999).

 

Trustee—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

   109    None

 

* These persons are considered to be “Interested Trustees” because they hold positions with Goldman Sachs and own securities issued by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Each Interested Trustee holds comparable positions with certain other companies of which Goldman Sachs, GSAM or an affiliate thereof is the investment adviser, administrator and/or distributor.

 

1 

Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Goldman Sachs, 200 West Street, New York, New York, 10282, Attn: Caroline Kraus.

 

2 

Each Trustee holds office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (a) the election of his or her successor; (b) the date the Trustee resigns or is removed by the Board of Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Funds’ Declaration of Trust; (c) the conclusion of the first Board meeting held subsequent to the day the Trustee attains the age of 74 years (in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees, which may be changed by the Trustees without shareholder vote); or (d) the termination of the Funds.

 

3 

The Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex consists of the Trust, Goldman Sachs Municipal Opportunity Fund, Goldman Sachs Credit Strategies Fund and Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust. As of August 24, 2012, the Goldman Sachs Trust consisted of 95 portfolios (87 of which currently offer shares to the public), Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust consisted of 12 portfolios, and the Goldman Sachs Municipal Opportunity Fund did not offer shares to the public.

 

4 

This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (i.e., “public companies”) or other investment companies registered under the Act.

 

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The significance or relevance of a Trustee’s particular experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills is considered by the Board on an individual basis. Experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills common to all Trustees include the ability to critically review, evaluate and discuss information provided to them and to interact effectively with the other Trustees and with representatives of the Investment Adviser and its affiliates, other service providers, legal counsel and the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, the capacity to address financial and legal issues and exercise reasonable business judgment, and a commitment to the representation of the interests of the Funds and their shareholders. The Governance and Nominating Committee’s charter contains certain other factors that are considered by the Governance and Nominating Committee in identifying and evaluating potential nominees to serve as Independent Trustees. Based on each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills, considered individually and with respect to the experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills of other Trustees, the Board has concluded that each Trustee should serve as a Trustee. Below is a brief discussion of the experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills of each individual Trustee as of April 27, 2012 that led the Board to conclude that such individual should serve as a Trustee.

Ashok N. Bakhru. Mr. Bakhru has served as a Trustee since 1991 and Chairman of the Board since 1996. Mr. Bakhru serves as President of ABN Associates, a management and financial consulting firm, and is a Director of Apollo Investment Corporation, a business development company. Previously, Mr. Bakhru was the Chief Financial Officer, Chief Administrative Officer and Director of Coty Inc., a multinational cosmetics, fragrance and personal care company. Previously, Mr. Bakhru held several senior management positions at Scott Paper Company, a major manufacturer of paper products, including Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Bakhru also serves on the Governing Council of the Independent Directors Council and the Board of Governors of the Investment Company Institute. He also serves on the Advisory Board of BoardIQ, an investment publication. In addition, Mr. Bakhru has served as Director of Equity-Linked Investments II and Private Equity Investors III and IV, which are private equity partnerships based in New York City. Mr. Bakhru was also a Director of Arkwright Mutual Insurance Company. Based on the foregoing, Mr. Bakhru is experienced with financial and investment matters.

Donald C. Burke. Mr. Burke has served as Trustee since 2010. Mr. Burke serves as a Director of Avista Corp., an energy company. Mr. Burke was a Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc., where he was President and Chief Executive Officer of BlackRock’s U.S. funds and a director and chairman of several offshore funds advised by BlackRock. As President and Chief Executive Officer of BlackRock’s U.S. funds, he was responsible for all accounting, tax and regulatory reporting requirements for over 300 open-end and closed-end BlackRock funds. Previously, he was a Managing Director, First Vice President and Vice President of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, L.P. (“MLIM”), where he worked for 16 years prior to MLIM’s merger with BlackRock, and was instrumental in the integration of BlackRock’s and MLIM’s operating infrastructure following the merger. While at MLIM, he was Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of MLIM’s U.S. funds and Head of Global Operations and Client Services, where he was responsible for the development and maintenance of MLIM’s operating infrastructure across the Americas, Europe and the Pacific Rim. He also developed controls for the MLIM U.S. funds’ financial statement certification process to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, worked with fund auditors in connection with the funds’ annual audits and established the department responsible for all tax issues impacting the MLIM U.S. funds. Previously, Mr. Burke was Tax Manager at Deloitte & Touche, where he was designated as one of the firm’s lead specialists in the investment company industry, and advised multinational corporations, partnerships, universities and high net worth individuals in tax matters. Mr. Burke is a certified public accountant. Based on the foregoing, Mr. Burke is experienced with accounting, financial and investment matters.

John P. Coblentz, Jr. Mr. Coblentz has served as Trustee since 2003. Mr. Coblentz has been designated as the Board’s “audit committee financial expert” given his extensive accounting and finance experience. Mr. Coblentz was a partner with Deloitte & Touche LLP for 28 years. While at Deloitte & Touche LLP, Mr. Coblentz was lead partner responsible for all auditing and accounting services to a variety of large, global companies, a significant portion of which operated in the financial services industry. Mr. Coblentz was also the national managing partner for the firm’s risk management function, a member of the firm’s Management Committee and the first managing partner of the firm’s Financial Advisory Services practice, which brought together the firm’s mergers and acquisition services, forensic and dispute services, corporate finance, asset valuation and reorganization businesses under one management structure. He served as a member of the firm’s Board of Directors. Mr. Coblentz also currently serves as a Director of Elderhostel, Inc., a not-for-profit organization. Mr. Coblentz is a certified public accountant. Based on the foregoing, Mr. Coblentz is experienced with accounting, financial and investment matters.

Diana M. Daniels. Ms. Daniels has served as Trustee since 2007. Ms. Daniels also serves as Vice Chair of the Board of Trustees of Cornell University. Ms. Daniels held several senior management positions at The Washington Post Company and its subsidiaries, where she worked for 29 years. While at The Washington Post Company, Ms. Daniels served as Vice Present, General Counsel, Secretary to the Board of Directors and Secretary to the Audit Committee. Previously, Ms. Daniels served as Vice President and General Counsel of Newsweek, Inc. Ms. Daniels has also served as a member of the Corporate Advisory Board of Standish Mellon Management Advisors and of the Legal Advisory Board of New York Stock Exchange. Ms. Daniels is also a member of the American Law Institute and of the Advisory Council of the Inter-American Press Association. Based on the foregoing, Ms. Daniels is experienced with legal, financial and investment matters.

 

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Joseph P. LoRusso. Mr. LoRusso has served as Trustee since 2010. Mr. LoRusso held a number of senior management positions at Fidelity Investments for over 15 years, where he was most recently President of Fidelity Investments Institutional Services Co. (“FIIS”). As President of FIIS, Mr. LoRusso oversaw the development, distribution and servicing of Fidelity’s investment and retirement products through various financial intermediaries. Previously, he served as President, Executive Vice President and Senior Vice President of Fidelity Institutional Retirement Services Co., where he helped establish Fidelity’s 401(k) business and built it into the largest in the U.S. In these positions, he oversaw sales, marketing, implementation, client services, operations and technology. Mr. LoRusso also served on Fidelity’s Executive Management Committee. Prior to his experience with Fidelity, he was Second Vice President in the Investment and Pension Group of John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance, where he had responsibility for developing and running the company’s 401(k) business. Previously, he worked at The Equitable (now a subsidiary of AXA Financial), where he was Product Manager of the company’s then-nascent 401(k) business, and at Arthur Andersen & Co. (now Accenture), as a Senior Consultant within the firm’s consulting practice. Based on the foregoing, Mr. LoRusso is experienced with financial and investment matters.

Jessica Palmer. Ms. Palmer has served as Trustee since 2007. Ms. Palmer serves as a Director of Emerson Center for the Arts and Culture, a not-for-profit organization. Ms. Palmer worked at Citigroup Corporate and Investment Banking (previously, Salomon Smith Barney/Salomon Brothers) for over 20 years, where she was a Managing Director. While at Citigroup Corporate and Investment Banking, Ms. Palmer was Head of Global Risk Management, Chair of the Global Commitment Committee, Co-Chair of International Investment Banking (New York) and Head of Fixed Income Capital Markets. Ms. Palmer was also a member of the Management Committee and Risk Management Operating Committee of Citigroup, Inc. Prior to that, Ms. Palmer was a Vice President at Goldman Sachs in its international corporate finance department. Ms. Palmer was also Assistant Vice President of the International Division at Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. Ms. Palmer was also a member of the Board of Trustees of a private elementary and secondary school. Based on the foregoing, Ms. Palmer is experienced with financial and investment matters.

Richard P. Strubel. Mr. Strubel has served as Trustee since 1987. Mr. Strubel also serves as Chairman of the Northern Funds, a family of retail and institutional mutual funds managed by The Northern Trust Company. He also serves on the board of Gildan Activewear Inc., which is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Mr. Strubel was Vice-Chairman of the Board of Cardean Learning Group (formerly known as Unext), and previously served as Unext’s President and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Strubel was Managing Director of Tandem Partners, Inc., a privately-held management services firm, and served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Microdot, Inc. Previously, Mr. Strubel served as President of Northwest Industries, then a NYSE-listed company, a conglomerate with various operating entities located around the country. Before joining Northwest, Mr. Strubel was an associate and later managing principal of Fry Consultants, a management consulting firm based in Chicago. Mr. Strubel is also a Trustee Emeritus of the University of Chicago and is an adjunct professor at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Based on the foregoing, Mr. Strubel is experienced with financial and investment matters.

James A. McNamara. Mr. McNamara has served as Trustee and President of the Trust since 2007 and has served as an officer of the Trust since 2001. Mr. McNamara is a Managing Director at Goldman Sachs. Mr. McNamara is currently head of Global Third Party Distribution at GSAM, where he was previously head of U.S. Third Party Distribution. Prior to that role, Mr. McNamara served as Director of Institutional Fund Sales. Prior to joining Goldman Sachs, Mr. McNamara was Vice President and Manager at Dreyfus Institutional Service Corporation. Based on the foregoing, Mr. McNamara is experienced with financial and investment matters.

Alan A. Shuch. Mr. Shuch has served as a Trustee since 1990. Mr. Shuch is an Advisory Director to Goldman Sachs. Mr. Shuch serves on the Board of Trustees of a number of offshore funds managed by GSAM. He serves on GSAM’s Valuation and Brokerage Allocation Committees. Prior to retiring as a general partner of Goldman Sachs in 1994, Mr. Shuch was president and chief operating officer of GSAM which he founded in 1988. Mr. Shuch joined the Goldman Sachs Fixed Income Division in 1976. He was instrumental in building Goldman Sachs’ Corporate Bond Department and served as co-head of the Global Fixed Income Sales and the High Yield Bond and Preferred Stock Departments. He headed the Portfolio Restructuring and Fixed Income Quantitative and Credit Research Departments. Mr. Shuch also served on a variety of firm-wide committees including the International Executive, New Product and Strategic Planning Committees and was a member of the Stone Street/Bridge Street Private Equity Board. Mr. Shuch serves on Wharton’s Graduate Executive Board. Based on the foregoing, Mr. Shuch is experienced with financial and investment matters.

 

B-54


Officers of the Trust

Information pertaining to the officers of the Trust as of August 24, 2012 is set forth below.

Officers of the Trust

 

Name, Age And

Address

   Position(s)
Held
With the Trust
  

Term of

Office and

Length of

Time

Served 1

  

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years

James A. McNamara

200 West Street

New York, NY

10282

Age: 49

   Trustee and
President
   Since 2007   

Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (December 1998-Present); Director of Institutional Fund Sales, GSAM (April 1998—December 2000); and Senior Vice President and Manager, Dreyfus Institutional Service Corporation (January 1993 — April 1998).

 

President—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (November 2007 —Present); Senior Vice President — Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (May 2007 — November 2007); and Vice President—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (2001 — 2007).

 

Trustee — Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (November 2007-Present and December 2002 — May 2004).

Scott McHugh

200 West Street

New York, NY

10282

Age: 40

   Treasurer and
Senior Vice
President
   Since 2009   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (February 2007—Present); Assistant Treasurer of certain mutual funds administered by DWS Scudder (2005—2007); and Director (2005—2007), Vice President (2000—2005), Assistant Vice President (1998—2000), Deutsche Asset Management or its predecessor (1998—2007).

 

Treasurer—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (October 2009-Present); Senior Vice President—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (November 2009-Present); and Assistant Treasurer—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (May 2007-October 2009).

George F. Travers

30 Hudson Street

Jersey City, NJ

07302

Age: 44

   Senior Vice
President and
Principal
Financial
Officer
   Since 2009   

Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (2007-Present); Managing Director, UBS Ag (2005-2007); and Partner, Deloitte & Touche LLP (1990-2005, partner from 2000-2005).

 

Senior Vice President and Principal Financial Officer—Goldman Sachs

Mutual Fund Complex.

Philip V. Giuca, Jr.

30 Hudson Street

Jersey City, NJ

07302

Age: 50

   Assistant
Treasurer
   Since 1997   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (May 1992—Present).

 

Assistant Treasurer — Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

 

B-55


Peter Fortner

30 Hudson Street

Jersey City, NJ

07302

Age: 54

   Assistant
Treasurer
   Since 2000   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (July 2000—Present); Principal Financial Officer, Commerce Bank Mutual Fund Complex (2008-Present); Associate, Prudential Insurance Company of America (November 1985—June 2000); and Assistant Treasurer, certain closed-end funds administered by Prudential (1999—2000).

 

Assistant Treasurer — Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

Kenneth G. Curran

30 Hudson Street

Jersey City, NJ

07302

Age: 48

   Assistant
Treasurer
   Since 2001   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (November 1998—Present); and Senior Tax Manager, KPMG Peat Marwick (accountants) (August 1995—October 1998).

 

Assistant Treasurer—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

Jesse Cole

71 South Wacker

Drive

Chicago, IL 60606

Age: 49

   Vice President    Since 1998   

Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (December 2006—Present); Vice President, GSAM (June 1998—Present); and Vice President, AIM Management Group, Inc. (investment adviser) (April 1996—June 1998).

 

Vice President—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

Kerry K. Daniels 71 South Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 Age: 49    Vice President    Since 2000   

Manager, Financial Control — Shareholder Services, Goldman Sachs (1986 —Present).

 

Vice President—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

Mark Hancock

71 South Wacker

Drive

Chicago, IL 60606

Age: 44

   Vice President    Since 2007   

Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (November 2005–Present); Vice President, Goldman Sachs (August 2000–November 2005); Senior Vice President—Dreyfus Service Corp (1999–2000); and Vice President—Dreyfus Service Corp (1996–1999).

 

Vice President—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

Jeffrey D. Matthes

30 Hudson Street

Jersey City, NJ

07302

Age: 43

   Vice President    Since 2007   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (December 2004—Present); and Associate, Goldman Sachs (December 2002—December 2004).

 

Vice President—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

Carlos W. Samuels

30 Hudson Street

Jersey City, NJ

07302

Age: 37

   Vice President    Since 2007   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (December 2007—Present); Associate, Goldman Sachs (December 2005—December 2007); Analyst, Goldman Sachs (January 2004—December 2005).

 

Vice President—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

 

B-56


Miriam Cytryn

200 West Street

New York, NY

10282

Age: 54

   Vice President    Since 2008   

Vice President, GSAM (2008-Present); Vice President of Divisional Management, Investment Management Division (2007-2008); Vice President and Chief of Staff, GSAM US Distribution (2003-2007); and Vice President of Employee Relations, Goldman Sachs (1996-2003).

 

Vice President—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

Glen Casey

200 West Street

New York, NY

10282

Age: 47

   Vice President    Since 2008   

Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (2007-Present); and Vice President, Goldman Sachs (1997-2007).

 

Vice President—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

Mark Heaney

Christchurch Court

10-15 Newgate Street

London, EC1A 7HD,

UK
Age: 44

   Vice President    Since 2010   

Executive Director, GSAM (May 2005-Present); Director of Operations (UK and Ireland), Invesco Asset Management (May 2004-March 2005); Global Head of Investment Administration, Invesco Asset Management (September 2001-May 2004); Managing Director (Ireland), Invesco Asset Management (March 2000-September 2001); Director of Investment Administration, Invesco Asset Management (December 1998-March 2000).

 

Vice President—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

Caroline Kraus

200 West Street

New York, NY

10282

Age: 35

   Secretary    Since 2012   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (August 2006–Present); Associate General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (2012–Present); Assistant General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (August 2006–December 2011); Associate, Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP (2002-2006).

 

Secretary—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (August 2012—Present); Assistant Secretary—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (June 2012 —August 2012).

David Fishman

200 West Street

New York, NY 10282 Age: 47

   Assistant
Secretary
   Since 2001   

Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (December 2001–Present); and Vice President, Goldman Sachs (1997–December 2001).

 

Assistant Secretary—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

Danny Burke

200 West Street

New York, NY 10282

Age: 49

   Assistant
Secretary
   Since 2001   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (1987–Present).

 

Assistant Secretary—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

Deborah Farrell

30 Hudson Street

Jersey City, NJ

07302

Age: 41

   Assistant
Secretary
   Since 2007   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (2005-Present); Associate,

Goldman Sachs (2001-2005); and Analyst, Goldman Sachs

(1994-2005).

 

Assistant Secretary—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

 

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Patrick T.

O’Callaghan

200 West Street

New York, NY 10282

Age: 40

   Assistant
Secretary
   Since 2009   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (2000-Present); Associate, Goldman Sachs (1998-2000); Analyst, Goldman Sachs (1995-1998).

 

Assistant Secretary—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

James A. McCarthy

200 West Street

New York, NY 10282

Age: 48

   Assistant
Secretary
   Since 2009   

Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (2003-Present); Vice President, Goldman Sachs (1996-2003); Portfolio Manager, Goldman Sachs (1995-1996).

 

Assistant Secretary—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

Andrew Murphy

200 West Street

New York, NY 10282

Age: 39

   Assistant
Secretary
   Since 2010   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (April 2009-Present); Assistant General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (April 2009-Present); Attorney, Axiom Legal (2007-2009); Vice President and Counsel, AllianceBernstein, L.P. (2001-2007).

 

Assistant Secretary—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

Robert Griffith

200 West Street

New York, NY 10282

Age: 37

   Assistant
Secretary
   Since 2011   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (August 2011–Present); Assistant General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (August 2011–Present); Vice President and Counsel, Nomura Holding America, Inc. (2010–2011); Associate, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP (2005–2010).

 

Assistant Secretary—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

MatthewWolfe

200 West Street

New York, NY 10282

Age: 30

   Assistant
Secretary
   Since 2012   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (July 2012–Present); Assistant General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (July 2012–Present); Associate, Dechert LLP (2007-2012).

 

Assistant Secretary — Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

 

 

1 

Officers hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees or until their successors are duly elected and qualified. Each officer holds comparable positions with certain other companies of which Goldman Sachs, GSAM or an affiliate thereof is the investment adviser, administrator and/or distributor.

Standing Board Committees

The Audit Committee oversees the audit process and provides assistance to the full Board of Trustees with respect to fund accounting, tax compliance and financial statement matters. In performing its responsibilities, the Audit Committee selects and recommends annually to the Board an independent registered public accounting firm to audit the books and records of the Trust for the ensuing year, and reviews with the firm the scope and results of each audit. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee held five meetings during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011.

The Governance and Nominating Committee has been established to: (i) assist the Board in matters involving mutual fund governance, which includes making recommendations to the Board with respect to the effectiveness of the Board in carrying out its responsibilities in governing the Funds and overseeing their management; (ii) select and nominate candidates for appointment or

 

B-58


election to serve as Independent Trustees; and (iii) advise the Board of Trustees on ways to improve its effectiveness. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Governance and Nominating Committee. The Governance and Nominating Committee held two meetings during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011. As stated above, each Trustee holds office for an indefinite term until the occurrence of certain events. In filling Board vacancies, the Governance and Nominating Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Nominee recommendations should be submitted to the Trust at its mailing address stated in the Funds’ Prospectuses and should be directed to the attention of the Goldman Sachs Trust Governance and Nominating Committee.

The Compliance Committee has been established for the purpose of overseeing the compliance processes: (i) of the Funds; and (ii) insofar as they relate to services provided to the Funds, of the Funds’ investment advisers, distributor, administrator (if any), and transfer agent, except that compliance processes relating to the accounting and financial reporting processes, and certain related matters, are overseen by the Audit Committee. In addition, the Compliance Committee provides assistance to the full Board of Trustees with respect to compliance matters. The Compliance Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Compliance Committee.

The Valuation Committee is authorized to act for the Board in connection with the valuation of portfolio securities held by the Funds in accordance with the Trust’s Valuation Procedures. Messrs. McNamara and Shuch serve on the Valuation Committee, together with certain employees of GSAM who are not Trustees. The Valuation Committee met twelve times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011. The Valuation Committee reports periodically to the Board.

The Dividend Committee is authorized, subject to the ratification of Trustees who are not members of the committee, to declare dividends and capital gain distributions consistent with each Fund’s Prospectus. Messrs. McNamara and McHugh serve on the Dividend Committee. The Dividend Committee met twelve times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011.

The Contract Review Committee has been established for the purpose of overseeing the processes of the Board for reviewing and monitoring performance under the Funds’ investment management, distribution, transfer agency and certain other agreements with the Funds’ Investment Advisers and their affiliates. The Contract Review Committee is also responsible for overseeing the Board’s processes for considering and reviewing performance under the operation of the Funds’ distribution, service, shareholder administration and other plans, and any agreements related to the plans, whether or not such plans and agreements are adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Act. The Contract Review Committee also provides appropriate assistance to the Board in connection with the Board’s approval, oversight and review of the Funds’ other service providers including, without limitation, the Funds’ custodian/accounting agent, sub-transfer agents, professional (legal and accounting) firms and printing firms. The Contract Review Committee met three times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Contract Review Committee.

Risk Oversight

The Board is responsible for the oversight of the activities of the Funds, including oversight of risk management. Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Funds is the responsibility of GSAM or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to supervision by GSAM. The risks of the Funds include, but are not limited to, investment risk, compliance risk, operational risk, reputational risk, credit risk and counterparty risk. Each of GSAM and the other service providers have their own independent interest in risk management and their policies and methods of risk management may differ from the Funds and each other’s in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result, the Board recognizes that it is not possible to identify all of the risks that may affect the Funds or to develop processes and controls to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects, and that some risks are simply beyond the control of the Funds or GSAM, its affiliates or other service providers.

The Board effectuates its oversight role primarily through regular and special meetings of the Board and Board committees. In certain cases, risk management issues are specifically addressed in presentations and discussions. For example, GSAM has an independent dedicated Market Risk Group that assists GSAM in managing investment risk. Representatives from the Market Risk Group regularly meet with the Board to discuss their analysis and methodologies. In addition, investment risk is discussed in the context of regular presentations to the Board on Fund strategy and performance. Other types of risk are addressed as part of presentations on related topics (e.g. compliance policies) or in the context of presentations focused specifically on one or more risks. The Board also receives reports from GSAM management on operational risks, reputational risks and counterparty risks relating to the Funds.

Board oversight of risk management is also performed by various Board committees. For example, the Audit Committee meets with both the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm and the GSAM’s internal audit group to review risk controls in place that support the Funds as well as test results, and the Compliance Committee meets with the CCO and representatives of GSAM’s compliance group to review testing results of the Funds’ compliance policies and procedures and other compliance issues. Board oversight of risk is also performed as needed between meetings through communications between the GSAM and the Board. The Board may, at any time and in its discretion, change the manner in which it conducts risk oversight. The Board’s oversight role does not make the Board a guarantor of the Fund’s investments or activities.

 

B-59


Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares

The following table shows the dollar range of shares beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Funds and other portfolios of Goldman Sachs Trust, Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust and Goldman Sachs Credit Strategies Fund as of December 31, 2011, unless otherwise noted.

 

Name of Trustee

  

Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in
the Funds(1)

  

Aggregate Dollar
Range of Equity
Securities in All
Portfolios in Fund
Complex Overseen By
Trustee(2)

Ashok N. Bakhru    None    Over $100,000
Donald C. Burke    Structured U.S. Equity Fund: $1 - $10,000    Over $100,000
John P. Coblentz, Jr.   

Asia Equity Fund: $10,001 - $50,000

Emerging Markets Equity Fund: $1 - $10,000

Structured International Equity Fund: $1 - $10,000

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund: $10,001 - $50,000

Structured Small Cap Value Fund: $1 - $10,000

BRIC Fund: $10,001 - $50,000

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund: $1 - $10,000

Structured International Small Cap Fund: $1 - $10,000

Strategic International Equity Fund: $10,001 - $50,000

N-11 Equity Fund: $1 - $10,000

Korea Equity Fund: $1 - $10,000

India Equity Fund: $1 - $10,000

China Equity Fund: $1 - $10,000

Brazil Equity Fund: $1 - $10,000

Emerging Markets Equity Fund: $50,001 - $100,000

   Over $100,000
Diana M. Daniels    None    Over $100,000
Joseph P. LoRusso    None    Over $100,000
James A. McNamara    India Equity Fund: $50,001 - $100,000    Over $100,000
Jessica Palmer    BRIC Fund: $50,001 - $100,000    Over $100,000
Alan A. Shuch    None    Over $100,000
Richard P. Strubel    None    Over $100,000

 

1 

Includes the value of shares beneficially owned by each Trustee in each Fund described in this SAI.

2 

As of December 31, 2011, the Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex consisted of the Trust, Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust, Goldman Sachs Credit Strategies Fund and Goldman Sachs Municipal Opportunity Fund. As of December 31, 2011, the Trust consisted of 90 portfolios (83 of which offered shares to the public), the Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust consisted of 12 portfolios (11 of which offered shares to the public), and the Goldman Sachs Municipal Opportunity Fund did not offer shares to the public.

As of February 2, 2012, the Trustees and Officers of the Trust as a group owned 1.63% of the India Equity Fund. As of February 2, 2012 the Trustees and Officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of beneficial interest of each of the other Funds.

Board Compensation

Through December 31, 2010, the Trust paid each Independent Trustee an annual fee for his or her services as a Trustee of the Trust, plus an additional fee for each regular and special telephonic Board meeting, Governance and Nominating Committee meeting, Compliance Committee meeting, Contract Review Committee meeting, and Audit Committee meeting attended by such Trustee. As of January 1, 2011, each Independent Trustee is compensated with a unitary annual fee for his or her services as a Trustee of the Trust and as a member of the Governance and Nominating Committee, Compliance Committee, Contract Review Committee, and Audit Committee in lieu of each Independent Trustee receiving an annual fee plus additional fees for each meeting attended. Under this new compensation structure, the Chairman and “audit committee financial expert” will continue to receive additional compensation for their services. The Independent Trustees are also reimbursed for travel expenses incurred in connection with attending such meetings. The Trust may also pay the incidental costs of a Trustee to attend training or other types of conferences relating to the investment company industry.

 

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The following tables set forth certain information with respect to the compensation of each Trustee of the Trust for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011.

Trustee Compensation

Fund

 

Name of Trustee

   Income Builder      Structured
Large Cap
Value
     Structured
U.S. Equity
     Structured
Large Cap
Growth
 

Ashok N. Bakhru1

   $ 3,246       $ 3,466       $ 3,393       $ 3,470   

Donald C. Burke

     2,105         2,247         2,200         2,249   

John P. Coblentz, Jr.2

     2,430         2,595         2,540         2,597   

Diana M. Daniels

     2,105         2,247         2,200         2,249   

Joseph P. LoRusso

     2,105         2,247         2,200         2,249   

James A. McNamara3

     0         0         0         0   

Jessica Palmer

     2,105         2,247         2,200         2,249   

Alan A. Shuch3

     0         0         0         0   

Richard P. Strubel

     2,105         2,247         2,200         2,249   

 

Name of Trustee

   Structured
Small Cap
Equity
     Structured
International
Small Cap
     Structured
Emerging
Markets
Equity
     Structured
International
Equity
 

Ashok N. Bakhru1

   $ 3,323       $ 3,331       $ 3,351       $ 4,105   

Donald C. Burke

     2,155         2,160         2,173         2,662   

John P. Coblentz, Jr.2

     2,434         2,440         2,455         3,005   

Diana M. Daniels

     2,155         2,160         2,173         2,662   

Joseph P. LoRusso

     2,155         2,160         2,173         2,662   

James A. McNamara3

     0         0         0         0   

Jessica Palmer

     2,155         2,160         2,173         2,662   

Alan A. Shuch3

     0         0         0         0   

Richard P. Strubel

     2,155         2,160         2,173         2,662   

 

Name of Trustee

   Structured
Small Cap
Value
     Structured
Small Cap
Growth
     Concentrated
International
Equity
     International
Small Cap
 

Ashok N. Bakhru1

   $ 3,270       $ 3,229       $ 3,282       $ 3,236   

Donald C. Burke

     2,120         2,093         2,128         2,098   

John P. Coblentz, Jr.2

     2,448         2,417         2,404         2,370   

Diana M. Daniels

     2,120         2,093         2,128         2,098   

Joseph P. LoRusso

     2,120         2,093         2,128         2,098   

James A. McNamara3

     0         0         0         0   

Jessica Palmer

     2,120         2,093         2,128         2,098   

Alan A. Shuch3

     0         0         0         0   

Richard P. Strubel

     2,120         2,093         2,128         2,098   

 

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Name of Trustee

   Emerging
Markets Equity
     Asia Equity      BRIC      Strategic
International
Equity
 

Ashok N. Bakhru1

   $ 3,442       $ 3,223       $ 3,524       $ 3,226   

Donald C. Burke

     2,232         2,090         2,285         2,091   

John P. Coblentz, Jr.2

     2,521         2,361         2,581         2,415   

Diana M. Daniels

     2,232         2,090         2,285         2,091   

Joseph P. LoRusso

     2,232         2,090         2,285         2,091   

James A. McNamara3

     0         0         0         0   

Jessica Palmer

     2,232         2,090         2,285         2,091   

Alan A. Shuch3

     0         0         0         0   

Richard P. Strubel

     2,232         2,090         2,285         2,091   

 

Name of Trustee

   N-11 Equity      Brazil Equity      China
Equity
     India Equity      Korea
Equity
 

Ashok N. Bakhru1

   $ 2,664       $ 1,825       $ 1,826       $ 1,037       $ 1,825   

Donald C. Burke

     1,720         1,178         1,179         670         1,178   

John P. Coblentz, Jr.2

     1,989         1,363         1,364         775         1,363   

Diana M. Daniels

     1,720         1,178         1,179         670         1,178   

Joseph P. LoRusso

     1,720         1,178         1,179         670         1,178   

James A. McNamara3

     0         0         0         0         0   

Jessica Palmer

     1,720         1,178         1,179         670         1,178   

Alan A. Shuch3

     0         0         0         0         0   

Richard P. Strubel

     1,720         1,178         1,179         670         1,178   

 

Name of Trustee

   Pension or  Retirement
Benefits Accrued as Part
Of the Trust’s Expenses
     Total Compensation
From  Fund Complex for the fiscal year
11/1/10 to 10/31/11

(including the Funds)*
 

Ashok N. Bakhru1

   $ 0       $ 392,250   

Donald C. Burke

     0         254,000   

John P. Coblentz, Jr.2

     0         293,500   

Diana M. Daniels

     0         254,000   

Joseph P. LoRusso

     0         254,000   

James A. McNamara3

     0         0   

Jessica Palmer

     0         254,000   

Alan A. Shuch3

     0         0   

Richard P. Strubel

     0         254,000   

 

* Represents fees paid to each Trustee during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011 from the Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex. As of October 31, 2011, the Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex consisted of the Trust, Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust, Goldman Sachs Credit Strategies Fund and Goldman Sachs Municipal Opportunity Fund. As of October 31, 2011, the Trust consisted of 88 portfolios (83 of which offered shares to the public), the Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust consisted of 12 portfolios (11 of which offered shares to the public), and the Goldman Sachs Municipal Opportunity Fund did not offer shares to the public.
1 Includes compensation as Board Chairman.
2 Includes compensation as “audit committee financial expert,” as defined in Item 3 of Form N-CSR.
3 Messrs. McNamara and Shuch are Interested Trustees, and as such, receive no compensation from the Funds or the Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex.

Miscellaneous

Class A Shares of the Funds may be sold at NAV without payment of any sales charge to Goldman Sachs, its affiliates and their respective officers, partners, directors or employees (including retired employees and former partners), any partnership of which Goldman Sachs is a general partner, any Trustee or officer of the Trust and designated family members of any of the above individuals. These and the Funds’ other sales load waivers are due to the nature of the investors and/or the reduced sales effort and expense that are needed to obtain such investments.

 

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The Trust, its Investment Advisers and principal underwriter have adopted codes of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the Act that permit personnel subject to their particular codes of ethics to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds.

MANAGEMENT SERVICES

As stated in the Funds’ Prospectuses, GSAM, 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282, serves as Investment Adviser to the Income Builder Fund and Structured Equity Funds. GSAM is a subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and an affiliate of Goldman Sachs. Prior to the end of April 2003, Goldman Sachs Asset Management, a business unit of the Investment Management Division of Goldman Sachs, served as the investment adviser to the Income Builder, Structured Large Cap Value, Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Equity and Structured International Equity Funds. In April 2003, GSAM assumed investment advisory responsibilities for those Funds. GSAMI, Christchurch Court, 10-15 Newgate Street, London, England EC1A7HD, serves as Investment Adviser to the International Equity Funds. GSAMI is also an affiliate of Goldman Sachs. See “Service Providers” in the Funds’ Prospectuses for a description of the applicable Investment Adviser’s duties to the Funds.

Founded in 1869, Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is a financial holding company and a leading global investment banking, securities and investment management firm. Goldman Sachs is a leader in developing portfolio strategies and in many fields of investing and financing, participating in financial markets worldwide and serving individuals, institutions, corporations and governments. Goldman Sachs is also among the principal market sources for current and thorough information on companies, industrial sectors, markets, economies and currencies, and trades and makes markets in a wide range of equity and debt securities 24 hours a day. The firm is headquartered in New York with offices in countries throughout the world. It has trading professionals throughout the United States, as well as in London, Frankfurt, Tokyo, Seoul, Sao Paulo and other major financial centers around the world. The active participation of Goldman Sachs in the world’s financial markets enhances its ability to identify attractive investments. Goldman Sachs has agreed to permit the Funds to use the name “Goldman Sachs” or a derivative thereof as part of each Fund’s name for as long as each Fund’s Management Agreement is in effect.

The Investment Advisers are able to draw on the substantial research and market expertise of Goldman Sachs, whose investment research effort is one of the largest in the industry. The Global Investment Research Department covers approximately 3,000 equity securities, 350 fixed income securities and 25 stock markets in more than 50 economies and regions. The in depth information and analyses generated by Goldman Sachs’ research analysts are available to the Investment Advisers subject to Chinese Wall restrictions.

In addition, many of Goldman Sachs’ economists, securities analysts, portfolio strategists and credit analysts have consistently been highly ranked in respected industry surveys conducted in the United States and abroad. Goldman Sachs is also among the leading investment firms using quantitative analytics (now used by a growing number of investors) to structure and evaluate portfolios. For example, Goldman Sachs’ options evaluation model analyzes a security’s term, coupon and call option, providing an overall analysis of the security’s value relative to its interest risk.

In managing the Funds, the Investment Advisers have access to Goldman Sachs’ economics research. The Economics Research Department based in London, conducts economic, financial and currency markets research which analyzes economic trends and interest and exchange rate movements worldwide. The Economics Research Department tracks factors such as inflation and money supply figures, balance of trade figures, economic growth, commodity prices, monetary and fiscal policies, and political events that can influence interest rates and currency trends. The success of Goldman Sachs’ international research team has brought wide recognition to its members. The team has earned top rankings in various external surveys such as Pensions and Investments, Forbes and Dalbar. These rankings acknowledge the achievements of the firm’s economists, strategists and equity analysts.

In allocating assets among foreign countries and currencies for the Funds, the Investment Advisers will have access to the Global Asset Allocation Model. The model is based on the observation that the prices of all financial assets, including foreign currencies, will adjust until investors globally are comfortable holding the pool of outstanding assets. Using the model, the Investment Advisers will estimate the total returns from each currency sector which are consistent with the average investor holding a portfolio equal to the market capitalization of the financial assets among those currency sectors. These estimated equilibrium returns are then combined with the expectations of Goldman Sachs’ research professionals to produce an optimal currency and asset allocation for the level of risk suitable for the Funds given its investment objectives and criteria.

The Management Agreement provides that GSAM and GSAMI, in their capacity as Investment Advisers, may render similar services to others so long as the services under the Management Agreement are not impaired thereby. The Funds’ Management Agreement was approved by the Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not parties to such agreement or “interested persons” (as such term is defined in the Act) of any party thereto (the “non-interested Trustees”) on June 16, 2011. A discussion regarding the Trustees’ basis for approving the Management Agreement on behalf of each Fund in 2011 is available in the Funds’ annual reports for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011.

 

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These management arrangements were last approved by the shareholders of the Funds then in existence on April 21, 1997. The management arrangements for those Funds that commenced investment operations after April 21, 1997 were last approved by the initial sole shareholder of each such Fund, prior to the Fund’s commencement of operations.

The Management Agreement will remain in effect until June 30, 2012 and will continue in effect with respect to each Fund from year to year thereafter provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of such Fund’s outstanding voting securities or a majority of the Trustees of the Trust, and (ii) the vote of a majority of the non-interested Trustees of the Trust, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

The Management Agreement will terminate automatically if assigned (as defined in the Act). The Management Agreement is terminable at any time without penalty by the Trustees of the Trust or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the applicable Fund on 60 days’ written notice to the applicable Investment Adviser or by the Investment Adviser on 60 days’ written notice to the Trust.

Pursuant to the Management Agreement, the Investment Advisers are entitled to receive the fees set forth below, payable monthly based on each Fund’s average daily net assets. Also included below are the actual management fee rates paid by each Fund (after reflection of any voluntary management fee waivers, as indicated) for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011.

 

Fund

  

Contractual Rate

  

Actual Rate for the Fiscal

Year Ended

October 31, 2011

GSAM

     

Income Builder Fund

  

0.65% on the first $1 billion

0.59% over $1 billion up to $2 billion

0.56% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.55% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.54% over $8 billion

   0.55%*

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

  

0.60% on the first $1 billion

0.54% over $1 billion up to $2 billion

0.51% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.50% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.49% over $8 billion

   0.51%*

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

  

0.65% on the first $1 billion

0.59% over $1 billion up to $2 billion

0.56% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.55% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.54% over $8 billion

   0.51%*

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

  

0.65% on the first $1 billion

0.59% over $1 billion up to $2 billion

0.56% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.55% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.54% over $8 billion

   0.51%*

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

  

0.85% on the first $2 billion

0.77% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.73% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.72% over $8 billion

   0.81%*

Structured Small Cap Value Fund

  

0.85% on the first $2 billion

0.77% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.73% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.72% over $8 billion

   0.81%*

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

  

0.85% on the first $2 billion

0.77% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.73% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.72% over $8 billion

   0.81%*

Structured International Equity Fund

  

0.85% on the first $1 billion

0.77% over $1 billion up to $2 billion

0.73% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.72% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.71% over $8 billion

   0.81%

Structured International Small Cap Fund

  

0.85% on the first $2 billion

0.77% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.73% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.72% over $8 billion

   0.85%

 

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Fund

  

Contractual Rate

  

Actual Rate for the Fiscal

Year Ended

October 31, 2011

GSAM          

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

  

1.00% on the first $2 billion

0.90% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.86% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.84% over $8 billion

   1.00%

GSAMI

     

Concentrated International Equity Fund

  

1.00% on the first $1 billion

0.90% over $1 billion up to $2 billion

0.86% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.84% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.82% over $8 billion

   0.98%*

International Small Cap Fund

  

1.10% on the first $2 billion

0.99% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.94% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.92% over $8 billion

   1.10%*

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

  

1.20% on the first $2 billion

1.08% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

1.03% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

1.01% over $8 billion

   1.17%*

Asia Equity Fund

  

1.00% on the first $1 billion

0.90% over $1 billion up to $2 billion

0.86% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.84% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.82% over $8 billion

   1.00%

BRIC Fund

  

1.30% on first $2 billion

1.17% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

1.11% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

1.09% over $8 billion

   1.24%*

Strategic International Equity Fund

  

0.85% on the first $1 billion

0.77% over $1 billion up to $2 billion

0.73% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.72% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.71% over $8 billion

   0.85%

N-11 Equity Fund

  

1.30% on first $2 billion

1.24% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

1.21% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

1.19% over $8 billion

   1.22%*

Brazil Equity Fund

  

1.10% on the first $1 billion

0.99% over $1 billion up to $2 billion

0.94% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.92% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.90% over $8 billion

   1.10%

India Equity Fund

  

1.10% on the first $1 billion

0.99% over $1 billion up to $2 billion

0.94% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.92% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.90% over $8 billion

   1.10%

China Equity Fund

  

1.10% on the first $1 billion

0.99% over $1 billion up to $2 billion

0.94% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.92% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.90% over $8 billion

   1.10%

Korea Equity Fund

  

1.10% on the first $1 billion

0.99% over $1 billion up to $2 billion

0.94% over $2 billion up to $5 billion

0.92% over $5 billion up to $8 billion

0.90% over $8 billion

   1.10%

 

 

*

The Investment Adviser agreed to waive a portion of its management fees, such that the effective net management fee rates would not exceed 0.55%, 0.51%, 0.51%, 0.51%, 0.81%, 0.81%, 0.81%, 0.94%, 1.08%, 1.08%, 1.16% and 1.19% for the Income Builder, Structured Large Cap

 

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  Value, Structured U.S. Equity, Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Equity, Structured Small Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Growth, Concentrated International Equity, International Small Cap, Emerging Markets Equity, BRIC and N-11 Equity Funds, respectively. (Fee waivers for Concentrated International Equity, International Small Cap, Emerging Markets Equity, BRIC and N-11 Equity Funds are as of June 30, 2011. Prior to June 30, 2011 the BRIC Fund had a fee waiver such that its effective net management fee rate would not exceed 1.27%.) Where the application of the above contractual management fee breakpoint schedule would result in a lower management fee rate, the breakpoint schedule would be applied to the Fund’s assets. These fee waiver arrangements will remain in effect through at least February 28, 2013, and prior to such date the Investment Adviser may not terminate the arrangements without the approval of the Board of Trustees. In the absence of such fee waivers, the effective management fee rates for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011 for the Income Builder, Structured Large Cap Value, Structured U.S. Equity, Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Equity, Structured Small Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Growth, Concentrated International Equity, International Small Cap, Emerging Markets Equity, BRIC and N-11 Equity Funds would have been equal to 0.65%, 0.60%, 0.65%, 0.65%, 0.85%, 0.85%, 0.85%, 1.00%, 1.10%, 1.20%, 1.30% and 1.30%, respectively.

For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2011, October 31, 2010 and October 31, 2009, the amounts of the fees incurred by each of the following Funds under the Management Agreement were as follows (with and without the fee limitations that were then in effect):

 

     Fiscal year ended
October 31,
2011
     Fiscal year ended
October 31,
2010
     Fiscal year ended
October 31,
2009
 
     With Fee
Limitations
     Without Fee
Limitations
     With Fee
Limitations
     Without Fee
Limitations
     With Fee
Limitations
     Without Fee
Limitations
 

Income Builder Fund

   $ 691,403       $ 817,112       $ 715,050       $ 845,060       $ 694,528       $ 820,805   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     3,025,630         3,559,565         3,891,760         4,578,541         4,696,577         5,525,385   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     2,296,738         2,927,216         2,633,570         3,356,511         2,769,130         3,529,283   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     3,050,138         3,887,432         3,400,066         4,333,417         4,341,335         5,533,075   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     2,368,121         2,485,065         3,363,698         3,529,807         4,179,078         4,385,452   

Structured International Equity Fund

     16,406,304         16,406,304         17,766,958         17,766,958         16,526,025         16,526,025   

Concentrated International Equity Fund

     2,024,995         2,061,316         2,162,981         2,162,981         2,036,125         2,036,125   

International Small Cap Fund

     1,248,890         1,254,036         1,219,107         1,219,107         714,041         714,041   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     6,495,405         6,682,575         6,618,201         6,618,201         6,698,153         6,698,153   

Asia Equity Fund

     799,134         799,134         726,940         726,940         574,781         574,781   

BRIC Fund

     9,280,489         9,739,394         8,637,056         8,841,086         4,295,375         4,396,844   

Structured Small Cap Value Fund

     1,155,450         1,212,510         1,132,583         1,188,513         1,022,130         1,072,605   

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

     364,408         382,404         312,418         327,846         269,169         282,460   

Strategic International Equity Fund

     724,010         724,010         701,971         701,971         552,687         552,687   

Structured International Small Cap Fund

     2,513,086         2,513,086         2,162,900         2,162,900         1,071,727         1,071,727   

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     3,557,958         3,557,958         4,560,761         4,560,761         2,036,638         2,036,638   

N-11 Equity Fund1

     329,175         349,188         —           —           —           —     

Brazil Equity Fund2

     12,294         12,294         —           —           —           —     

China Equity Fund2

     25,983         25,983         —           —           —           —     

India Equity Fund3

     8,913         8,913         —           —           —           —     

Korea Equity Fund4

     11,084         11,084         —           —           —           —     

 

1 The N-11 Equity Fund commenced operations on February 28, 2011.
2 The Brazil Equity and China Equity Funds commenced operations on April 29, 2011.
3 The India Equity Fund commenced operations on June 30, 2011.
4 The Korea Equity Fund commenced operations on May 31, 2011.

In addition to providing advisory services, under the Management Agreement, each Investment Adviser also: (i) supervises all non-advisory operations of each Fund that it advises; (ii) provides personnel to perform such executive, administrative and clerical services as are reasonably necessary to provide effective administration of each Fund; (iii) arranges for at each Fund’s expense: (a) the preparation of all required tax returns, (b) the preparation and submission of reports to existing shareholders, (c) the periodic updating of prospectuses and statements of additional information and (d) the preparation of reports to be filed with the SEC and other regulatory authorities; (iv) maintains each Fund’s records; and (v) provides office space and all necessary office equipment and services.

 

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Portfolio Managers – Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers

The following tables disclose accounts within each type of category listed below for which the portfolio managers are jointly and primarily responsible for day to day portfolio management as of October 31, 2011, unless otherwise noted.

 

     Number of Other Accounts Managed and Total Assets by Account Type      Number of Accounts and Total Assets for Which Advisory Fee is
Performance Based
 
     Registered
Investment
Companies
     Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
     Other
Accounts
     Registered
Investment
Companies
     Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
     Other
Accounts
 

Name of

Portfolio Manager

   Number of
Accounts
     Assets
Managed
     Number of
Accounts
     Assets
Managed
     Number
of
Accounts
     Assets
Managed
     Number
of
Accounts
     Assets
Managed
     Number
of
Accounts
     Assets
Managed
     Number
of
Accounts
     Assets
Managed
 

Income Builder Fund

                                   

Andrew Braun*

     16       $ 18.0 Billion         2       $ 63 Million         62       $ 6.6 Billion         —           —           —           —           1       $ 42 Million   

Matthew Armas*

     51       $ 13.0 Billion         112       $ 42.0 Billion         552       $ 89.0 Billion         —           —           4       $ 2.0 Billion         42       $ 11.0 Billion   

David Beers*

     18       $ 7.0 Billion         44       $ 19.0 Billion         179       $ 29.0 Billion         —           —           11       $ 3.0 Billion         15       $ 5.0 Billion   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

                                   

Len Ioffe

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Ron Hua

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Gary Chropuvka

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Osman Ali

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Stan Radchenko

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

                                   

Len Ioffe

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Ron Hua

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Gary Chropuvka

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Osman Ali

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Stan Radchenko

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

                                   

Len Ioffe

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Ron Hua

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Gary Chropuvka

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Osman Ali

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Stan Radchenko

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

                                   

Len Ioffe

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Ron Hua

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Gary Chropuvka

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Osman Ali

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Stan Radchenko

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Structured Small Cap Value Fund

                                   

Len Ioffe

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Ron Hua

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Gary Chropuvka

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Osman Ali

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Stan Radchenko

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

                                   

Len Ioffe

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Ron Hua

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Gary Chropuvka

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Osman Ali

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Stan Radchenko

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Structured International Equity Fund

                                   

Len Ioffe

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Ron Hua

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

William Fallon

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

James (Kwang Yeon) Park*

     43       $ 10.7 Billion         43       $ 7.7 Billion         1,353       $ 22.6 Billion         —           —           4       $ 400 Million         14       $ 2.9 Billion   

Gary Chropuvka

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Nellie Bronner

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Denis Suvorov

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

 

B-67


     Number of Other Accounts Managed and Total Assets by Account Type      Number of Accounts and Total Assets for Which Advisory Fee is
Performance Based
 
     Registered
Investment
Companies
     Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
     Other
Accounts
     Registered
Investment
Companies
     Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
     Other
Accounts
 

Name of

Portfolio Manager

   Number of
Accounts
     Assets
Managed
     Number of
Accounts
     Assets
Managed
     Number
of
Accounts
     Assets
Managed
     Number
of
Accounts
     Assets
Managed
     Number
of
Accounts
     Assets
Managed
     Number
of
Accounts
     Assets
Managed
 

Structured International Small Cap

                                   

Len Ioffe

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Ron Hua

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Gary Chropuvka

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Nellie Bronner

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Denis Suvorov

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

                                   

Len Ioffe

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Ron Hua

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

William Fallon

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

James (Kwang Yeon) Park

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Dennis Walsh

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Takashi Suwabe

     36       $ 11.2 Billion         60       $ 6.2 Billion         1,165       $ 33 Billion         —           —           7       $ 500 Million         27       $ 7.9 Billion   

Steve Jeneste*

     43       $ 10.7 Billion         43       $ 7.7 Billion         1,353       $ 22.6 Billion         —           —           4       $ 400 Million         14       $ 2.9 Billion   

Concentrated International Equity Fund

                                   

Edward Perkin**

     5       $ 2.4 Billion         10       $ 2.7 Billion         17       $ 3.2 Billion         —           —           —           —           1       $ 320 Million   

Alexis Deladerrière

     2       $ 199 Million         —           —           1         —           —           —           —           —           —           —     

International Small Cap Fund

                                   

Aidan Farrell

     1       $ 58 Million         —           —           —           —           —           —           —           —           —           —     

Guarav Rege**

     1       $ 100 Million         —           —           —           —           —           —           —           —           —           —     

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

                                   

Alina Chiew

     4       $ 873 Million         9       $ 1.92 Billion         11       $ 842 Million         —           —           —           —           1       $ 87 Million   

Gabriella Antici

     4       $ 516 Million         9       $ 1.72 Billion         2       $ 56 Million         —           —           —           —           —           —     

Edward Perkin**

     5       $ 2.4 Billion         10       $ 2.7 Billion         17       $ 3.2 Billion         —           —           —           —           1       $ 320 Million   

Asia Equity Fund

                                   

Rick Loo

     4       $ 133 Million         6       $ 666 Million         10       $ 1.09 Billion         —           —           —           —           1       $ 134 Million   

Alina Chiew

     4       $ 873 Million         9       $ 1.92 Billion         11       $ 842 Million         —           —           —           —           1       $ 87 Million   

Edward Perkin**

     5       $ 2.4 Billion         10       $ 2.7 Billion         17       $ 3.2 Billion         —           —           —           —           1       $ 320 Million   

BRIC Fund

                                   

Alina Chiew

     4       $ 873 Million         9       $ 1.92 Billion         11       $ 842 Million         —           —           —           —           1       $ 87 Million   

Gabriella Antici

     4       $ 516 Million         9       $ 1.72 Billion         2       $ 56 Million         —           —           —           —           —           —     

Edward Perkin**

     5       $ 2.4 Billion         10       $ 2.7 Billion         17       $ 3.2 Billion         —           —           —           —           1       $ 320 Million   

Strategic International Equity Fund

                                   

Edward Perkin**

     5       $ 2.4 Billion         10       $ 2.7 Billion         17       $ 3.2 Billion         —           —           —           —           1       $ 320 Million   

Alexis Deladerrière

     2       $ 199 Million         —           —           1         —           —           —           —           —           —           —     

N-11 Equity Fund

                                   

Rick Loo

     4       $ 133 Million         6       $ 666 Million         10       $ 1.09 Billion         —           —           —           —           1       $ 134 Million   

Maria Drew**

     1       $ 200 Million         1       $ 700 Million         —           —           —           —           —           —           —           —     

Brazil Equity Fund

                                   

Andrea Cardia

     1       $ 3 Million         2       $ 41 Million         —           —           —           —           —           —           —           —     

Marcia Zugaib

     1       $ 3 Million         2       $ 41 Million         —           —           —           —           —           —           —           —     

China Equity Fund

                                   

Alina Chiew

     4       $ 873 Million         9       $ 1.92 Billion         11       $ 842 Million         —           —           —           —           1       $ 87 Million   

Nathan Lin

     1       $ 4 Million         1       $ 3 Million         6       $ 317 Million         —           —           —           —           1       $ 87 Million   

India Equity Fund

                                   

Rick Loo

     4       $ 133 Million         6       $ 666 Million         10       $ 1.09 Billion         —           —           —           —           1       $ 134 Million   

Korea Equity Fund

                                   

Rick Loo

     4       $ 133 Million         6       $ 666 Million         10       $ 1.09 Billion         —           —           —           —           1       $ 134 Million   

 

*Information for this portfolio manager is provided as of March 30, 2012.
**Information for this portfolio manager is provided as of July 31, 2012.

 

B-68


Conflicts of Interest. The Investment Advisers’ portfolio managers are often responsible for managing one or more of the Funds as well as other accounts, including proprietary accounts, separate accounts and other pooled investment vehicles, such as unregistered hedge funds. A portfolio manager may manage a separate account or other pooled investment vehicle which may have materially higher fee arrangements than the Fund and may also have a performance-based fee. The side-by-side management of these funds may raise potential conflicts of interest relating to cross trading, the allocation of investment opportunities and the aggregation and allocation of trades.

The Investment Advisers have a fiduciary responsibility to manage all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. They seek to provide best execution of all securities transactions and aggregate and then allocate securities to client accounts in a fair and timely manner. To this end, the Investment Advisers have developed policies and procedures designed to mitigate and manage the potential conflicts of interest that may arise from side-by-side management. In addition, the Investment Advisers and the Funds have adopted policies limiting the circumstances under which cross-trades may be effected between a Fund and another client account. The Investment Advisers conduct periodic reviews of trades for consistency with these policies. For more information about conflicts of interests that may arise in connection with the portfolio manager’s management of the Funds’ investments and the investments of other accounts, see “POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST – Potential Conflicts Relating to the Allocation of Investment Opportunities Among the Funds and Other Goldman Sachs Accounts and Potential Conflicts Relating to Goldman Sachs’ and the Investment Adviser’s Proprietary Activities and Activities on Behalf of Other Accounts.”

Portfolio Managers — Compensation

Compensation for portfolio managers of the Investment Advisers is comprised of a base salary and discretionary variable compensation. The base salary is fixed from year to year. Year-end discretionary variable compensation is primarily a function of each portfolio manager’s individual performance and his or her contribution to overall team performance; the performance of the Investment Advisers and Goldman Sachs; the team’s net revenues for the past year which in part is derived from advisory fees, and for certain accounts, performance-based fees; and anticipated compensation levels among competitor firms. Portfolio managers are rewarded, in part, for their delivery of investment performance, measured on a pre-tax basis, which is reasonably expected to meet or exceed the expectations of clients and fund shareholders in terms of: excess return over an applicable benchmark, peer group ranking, risk management and factors specific to certain funds such as yield or regional focus. Performance is judged over 1-, 3- and 5-year time horizons.

The benchmarks for these Funds are:

Structured U.S. Equity Fund: S&P 500® Index

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund: Russell 2000® Index

Structured Large Cap Value Fund: Russell 1000® Value Index

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund: Russell 1000® Growth Index

Structured Small Cap Value Fund: Russell 2000® Value Index

Structured Small Cap Growth Team: Russell 2000® Growth Index

Structured International Equity Fund: MSCI® Europe, Australia, Far East (“EAFE®”) Index (net of withholding taxes, unhedged)

Structured International Small Cap Fund: MSCI® EAFE Small Cap Index (net of dividend withholding taxes)

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund: MSCI® Emerging Markets Index (net of dividend withholding taxes)

Income Builder Fund: Russell 1000 Value® Index and the BofA Merrill Lynch BB-B U.S. High Yield Constrained Index.

Concentrated International Equity Fund: MSCI® EAFE® (net, unhedged) Index

International Small Cap Fund: S&P Developed Ex-U.S. Small Cap (net) Index

Emerging Markets Equity Fund: MSCI® Emerging Markets (net, unhedged, USD) Index

Asia Equity Fund: MSCI® All Country Asia ex-Japan (net, USD, unhedged) Index

BRIC Fund (Brazil, Russia, India, China): MSCI BRIC (net, unhedged, USD) Index

Strategic International Equity Fund: MSCI® EAFE® (net, unhedged) Index

N-11 Equity Fund: MSCI® GDP Weighted N-11 ex-Iran (net, unhedged) Index

Brazil Equity Fund: MSCI® Brazil 10/40 (net, TR) Index

India Equity Fund: MSCI® India Investable Markets (net) Index

China Equity Fund: MSCI® China (net, unhedged, USD) Index

Korea Equity Fund: Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI)

The discretionary variable compensation for portfolio managers is also significantly influenced by: (1) effective participation in team research discussions and process; and (2) management of risk in alignment with the targeted risk parameter and investment objective of the fund. Other factors may also be considered including: (1) general client/shareholder orientation and (2) teamwork and leadership. Portfolio managers may receive equity-based awards as part of their discretionary variable compensation.

 

B-69


Other Compensation—In addition to base salary and discretionary variable compensation, the Investment Adviser has a number of additional benefits in place including (1) a 401k program that enables employees to direct a percentage of their pretax salary and bonus income into a tax-qualified retirement plan; and (2) investment opportunity programs in which certain professionals may participate subject to certain eligibility requirements.

Portfolio Managers – Portfolio Managers’ Ownership of Securities in the Funds They Manage

The following table shows the portfolio managers’ ownership of securities in the Funds they manage as of October 31, 2011, unless otherwise noted:

 

Name of Portfolio Manager

   Dollar Range of Equity Securities Beneficially
Owned by Portfolio Manager

Income Builder Fund

  

Andrew Braun*

   None

Matthew Armas*

   None

David Beers*

   None

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

  

Len Ioffe

   None

Ron Hua

   None

Gary Chopruvka

   None

Osman Ali

   None

Stan Radchenko

   None

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

  

Len Ioffe

   None

Ron Hua

   None

Gary Chopruvka

   None

Osman Ali

   None

Stan Radchenko

   None

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

  

Len Ioffe

   None

Ron Hua

   None

Gary Chopruvka

   None

Osman Ali

   None

Stan Radchenko

   None

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

  

Len Ioffe

   None

Ron Hua

   None

Gary Chopruvka

   None

Osman Ali

   None

Stan Radchenko

   None

Structured Small Cap Value Fund

  

Len Ioffe

   None

Ron Hua

   None

Gary Chopruvka

   None

Osman Ali

   None

Stan Radchenko

   None

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

  

Len Ioffe

   None

Ron Hua

   None

Gary Chopruvka

   None

Osman Ali

   None

Stan Radchenko

   None

 

B-70


Name of Portfolio Manager

  

Dollar Range of Equity Securities Beneficially

Owned by Portfolio Manager

Structured International Equity Fund

  

Len Ioffe

   $10,001-$50,000

Ron Hua

   None

Willam Fallon

   None

James (Kwang Yeon) Park*

   None

Gary Chropuvka

   None

Nellie Bronner

   None

Denis Suvorov

   None

Structured International Small Cap Fund

  

Len Ioffe

   $10,001-$50,000

Ron Hua

   None

Gary Chropuvka

   None

Nellie Bronner

   None

Denis Suvorov

   None

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

  

Len Ioffe

   $50,001-$100,000

Ron Hua

   None

William Fallon

   None

James (Kwang Yeon) Park

   None

Dennis Walsh

   None

Takashi Suwabe

   None

Steve Jeneste*

   None

Concentrated International Equity Fund

  

Edward Perkin

   $10,001-$50,000

Alexis Deladerrière

   None

International Small Cap Fund

  

Aidan Farrell

   None

Guarav Rege**

   None

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

  

Alina Chiew

   None

Gabriella Antici

   None

Edward Perkin**

   None

Asia Equity Fund

  

Rick Loo

   None

Alina Chiew

   None

Edward Perkin**

   None

BRIC Fund

  

Alina Chiew

   None

Gabriella Antici

   None

Edward Perkin**

   $50,001-$100,000

Strategic International Equity Fund

  

Edward Perkin

   $100,001-$500,000

Alexis Deladerrière

   None

N-11 Equity Fund

  

Rick Loo

   None

Maria Drew**

   None

Brazil Equity Fund

  

Andrea Cardia

   None

Marcia Zugaib

   None

China Equity Fund

  

Alina Chiew

   None

Nathan Lin

   None

India Equity Fund

  

Rick Loo

   None

Korea Equity Fund

  

Rick Loo

   None

 

* Information for this portfolio manager is provided as of March 30, 2012.
** Information for this portfolio manager is provided as of August 13, 2012.

 

B-71


Distributor and Transfer Agent

Goldman Sachs, 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282, serves as the exclusive distributor of shares of the Funds pursuant to a “best efforts” arrangement as provided by a distribution agreement with the Trust on behalf of each Fund. Shares of the Funds are offered and sold on a continuous basis by Goldman Sachs, acting as agent. Pursuant to the distribution agreement, after the Prospectuses and periodic reports have been prepared, set in type and mailed to shareholders, Goldman Sachs will pay for the printing and distribution of copies thereof used in connection with the offering to prospective investors. Goldman Sachs will also pay for other supplementary sales literature and advertising costs. Goldman Sachs may enter into sales agreements with certain investment dealers and other financial service firms to solicit subscriptions for Class A, Class B (subject to the limitations described herein), Class C, Class R and Class IR Shares of the Funds. Goldman Sachs receives a portion of the sales charge imposed on the sale, in the case of Class A Shares, or redemption, in the case of Class B and Class C Shares (and in certain cases, Class A Shares), of such Fund shares.

Goldman Sachs retained approximately the following combined commissions on sales of Class A, Class B and Class C Shares during the following periods:

 

Fund

   Fiscal year
ended

October 31,
2011
     Fiscal year
ended

October 31,
2010
     Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2009
 

Income Builder Fund

   $ 21,647       $ 17,687       $ 20,100   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     8,528         15,233         33,400   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     16,860         12,339         16,303   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     4,710         4,010         6,500   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     3,759         1,595         4,300   

Structured Small Cap Value Fund

     4,745         4,589         3,500   

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

     2,004         1,660         1,200   

Structured International Equity Fund

     33,346         45,831         49,300   

Structured International Small Cap Fund1

     3,169         2,429         700   

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund1

     4,286         2,783         2,700   

Concentrated International Equity Fund

     4,795         7,097         6,700   

International Small Cap Fund

     3,110         3,826         1,700   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     28,974         43,119         24,200   

Asia Equity Fund

     5,408         5,503         4,700   

BRIC Fund1

     131,645         274,331         200,300   

Strategic International Equity Fund

     3,262         5,964         3,600   

N-11 Equity Fund2

     18,104         —           —     

Brazil Equity Fund3

     0         —           —     

China Equity Fund3

     0         —           —     

India Equity Fund4

     0         —           —     

Korea Equity Fund5

     0         —           —     

 

1 The Structured International Small Cap, Structured Emerging Markets Equity and BRIC Funds do not offer Class B Shares.
2 The N-11 Equity Fund commenced operations on February 28, 2011. The N-11 Equity Fund does not offer Class B Shares.
3 The Brazil Equity and China Equity Funds commenced operations on April 29, 2011. The Brazil Equity and China Equity Funds do not offer Class B Shares.
4 The India Equity Fund commenced operations on June 30, 2011. The India Equity Fund does not offer Class B Shares.
5 The Korea Equity Fund commenced operations on May 31, 2011. The Korea Equity Fund does not offer Class B Shares.

Dealer Reallowances. Class A Shares of the Funds are sold subject to a front-end sales charge, as described in the Prospectuses and in this SAI in the section “SHARES OF THE TRUST.” Goldman Sachs pays commissions to Authorized Institutions who sell Class A shares of the Funds in the form of a “reallowance” of all or a portion of the sales charge paid on the purchase of those shares. Goldman Sachs reallows the following amounts, expressed as a percentage of each Fund’s offering price with respect to purchases under $50,000:

 

B-72


Fund

   Dealer
Reallowance as
Percentage of
Offering Price
 

Income Builder Fund

     4.82

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     4.88

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     4.86

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     4.89

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     4.98

Structured Small Cap Value Fund

     5.07

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

     5.07

Structured International Equity Fund

     4.74

Structured International Small Cap Fund

     5.05

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     4.64

Concentrated International Equity Fund

     5.01

International Small Cap Fund

     4.92

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     4.79

Asia Equity Fund

     4.82

BRIC Fund

     4.86

Strategic International Equity Fund

     4.93

N-11 Equity Fund

     4.89

Brazil Equity Fund

     0.00

China Equity Fund

     0.00

India Equity Fund

     0.00

Korea Equity Fund

     0.00

Dealer allowances may be changed periodically. During special promotions, the entire sales charge may be reallowed to Authorized Institutions. Authorized Institutions to whom substantially the entire sales charge is reallowed may be deemed to be “underwriters” under the Securities Act of 1933.

Goldman Sachs, 71 South Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606 serves as the Trust’s transfer agent. Under its transfer agency agreement with the Trust, Goldman Sachs has undertaken with the Trust to (i) record the issuance, transfer and redemption of shares, (ii) provide purchase and redemption confirmations and quarterly statements, as well as certain other statements, (iii) provide certain information to the Trust’s custodian and the relevant sub-custodian in connection with redemptions, (iv) provide dividend crediting and certain disbursing agent services, (v) maintain shareholder accounts, (vi) provide certain state Blue Sky and other information, (vii) provide shareholders and certain regulatory authorities with tax-related information, (viii) respond to shareholder inquiries, and (ix) render certain other miscellaneous services. For its transfer agency services, Goldman Sachs is entitled to receive a transfer agency fee equal, on an annualized basis, to 0.04% of average daily net assets with respect to each Fund’s Institutional and Service Shares (as applicable) and 0.19% of average daily net assets with respect to each Fund’s Class A, Class B, Class C, Class R and Class IR Shares (as applicable). Goldman Sachs may pay to certain intermediaries who perform transfer agent services to shareholders a networking or sub-transfer agent fee. These payments will be made from the transfer agency fees noted above and in the Funds’ Prospectuses.

As compensation for the services rendered to the Trust by Goldman Sachs as transfer agent and the assumption by Goldman Sachs of the expenses related thereto, Goldman Sachs received fees for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2011, October 31, 2010 and October 31, 2009 from each of the following Funds as follows under the fee schedules then in effect.

 

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Fund

   Class A, B and C
fiscal year ended
October  31,
2011
     Institutional Shares
fiscal year ended
October 31,

2011
     Service Shares
fiscal year ended
October 31,
2011
     Class R and IR
fiscal year ended
October 31,
2011
 

Income Builder Fund 1, 2, 3

   $ 229,817       $ 1,848       $ —         $ 253   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     315,575         167,732         3,103         157   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     642,194         44,404         506         134   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     340,448         167,333         192         132   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     212,870         70,346         668         5,299   

Structured Small Cap Value Fund 1

     264,608         1,242         —           526   

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund 1

     71,414         2,719         —           1,148   

Structured International Equity Fund

     919,807         611,936         8,055         262   

Structured International Small Cap Fund 2, 4

     70,237         103,420         —           271   

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund 2, 4

     74,109         126,717         —           2   

Concentrated International Equity Fund 2, 3

     326,310         13,621         135         4   

International Small Cap Fund 2, 3

     63,542         31,959         198         321   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund 2, 3

     183,872         178,526         5,517         8   

Asia Equity Fund 5

     98,656         11,196         —           —     

BRIC Fund 2, 4

     1,008,846         87,202         —           403   

Strategic International Equity Fund 1

     135,312         5,565         —           91   

N-11 Equity Fund 4, 6

     15,427         7,272         —           1,066   

Brazil Equity Fund 4, 7

     17         442         —           8   

China Equity Fund 4, 7

     17         940         —           8   

India Equity Fund 4, 8

     12         320         —           8   

Korea Equity Fund 4, 9

     16         398         —           8   

 

1 

Service Shares of this Fund liquidated on March 13, 2009.

2 

Class IR Shares of this Fund commenced operations on August 31, 2010.

3 

This Fund does not offer Class R Shares.

4 

This Fund does not offer Class B, Class R or Service Shares.

5 

This Fund does not offer Class R, Class IR or Service Shares.

6 

The N-11 Equity Fund commenced operations on February 28, 2011.

7 

The Brazil Equity and China Equity Funds commenced operations on April 29, 2011.

8 

The India Equity Fund commenced operations on June 30, 2011.

9 

The Korea Equity Fund commenced operations on May 31, 2011.

 

B-74


Fund

   Class A, B and C
fiscal year ended
October 31,
2010
     Institutional Shares
fiscal year ended
October 31,

2010
     Service Shares
fiscal year ended
October 31,
2010
     Class R and IR
fiscal year ended
October 31,
2010
 

Income Builder Fund 1, 2, 3

   $ 241,804       $ 1,097       $ —         $ 1   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     415,859         214,879         2,785         106   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     718,290         54,740         571         117   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     373,213         188,028         43         141   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     256,383         111,454         612         318   

Structured Small Cap Value Fund 1

     262,308         660         —           224   

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund 1

     63,474         2,041         —           116   

Structured International Equity Fund

     1,101,628         644,022         10,061         321   

Structured International Small Cap Fund 2, 4

     66,074         87,874         —           0   

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund 2, 4

     107,810         159,735         —           0   

Concentrated International Equity Fund 2, 3

     346,445         13,432         152         0   

International Small Cap Fund 2, 3

     47,378         34,176         181         0   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund 2, 3

     230,684         167,116         4,927         0   

Asia Equity Fund 5

     96,413         8,780         —           —     

BRIC Fund 2, 4

     1,124,760         35,243         —           1   

Strategic International Equity Fund 1

     137,698         4,029         —           74   

 

1 

Service Shares of this Fund liquidated on March 13, 2009.

2 

Class IR Shares of this Fund commenced operations on August 31, 2010.

3 

This Fund does not offer Class R Shares.

4 

This Fund does not offer Class B, Class R or Service Shares.

5 

This Fund does not offer Class R, Class IR or Service Shares.

 

Fund

   Class A, B and C
fiscal year ended
October 31,
2009
     Institutional Shares
fiscal year ended
October 31,

2009
     Service Shares
fiscal year ended
October 31,
2009
     Class R and IR
fiscal year ended
October 31,
2009
 

Income Builder Fund 1, 2, 3

   $ 235,670       $ 896       $ —         $ —     

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     480,893         264,415         2,694         44   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     754,460         57,369         972         54   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     449,803         245,746         49         32   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     275,505         147,703         656         65   

Structured Small Cap Value Fund 1

     236,648         646         —           40   

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund 1

     56,477         1,394         —           39   

Structured International Equity Fund

     1,071,254         585,883         9,065         142   

Structured International Small Cap Fund 2, 4

     3,362         41,874         —           —     

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund 2, 4

     107,352         80,732         —           —     

Concentrated International Equity Fund 2, 3

     329,945         11,764         178         —     

International Small Cap Fund 2, 3

     42,271         16,922         136         —     

Emerging Markets Equity Fund 2, 3

     426,782         130,710         2,605         —     

Asia Equity Fund 5

     77,432         6,680         —           —     

BRIC Fund 2, 4

     596,910         9,578         —           —     

Strategic International Equity Fund 1

     40,592         2,281         1         27   

 

1 

Service Shares of this Fund liquidated on March 13, 2009.

2 

Class IR Shares of this Fund commenced operations on August 31, 2010.

3 

This Fund does not offer Class R Shares.

4 

This Fund does not offer Class B, Class R or Service Shares.

5 

This Fund does not offer Class R, Class IR or Service Shares.

 

B-75


The Trust’s distribution and transfer agency agreements each provide that Goldman Sachs may render similar services to others so long as the services Goldman Sachs provides thereunder are not impaired thereby. Such agreements also provide that the Trust will indemnify Goldman Sachs against certain liabilities.

Expenses

The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, is responsible for the payment of each Fund’s respective expenses. The expenses include, without limitation, the fees payable to the Investment Advisers, service fees and shareholder administration fees paid to Authorized Institutions, the fees and expenses of the Trust’s custodian and sub-custodians, transfer agent fees and expenses, pricing service fees and expenses, brokerage fees and commissions, filing fees for the registration or qualification of the Trust’s shares under federal or state securities laws, expenses of the organization of the Funds, fees and expenses incurred by the Trust in connection with membership in investment company organizations including, but not limited to, the Investment Company Institute, taxes, interest, costs of liability insurance, fidelity bonds or indemnification, any costs, expenses or losses arising out of any liability of, or claim for damages or other relief asserted against, the Trust for violation of any law, legal, tax and auditing fees and expenses (including the cost of legal and certain accounting services rendered by employees of Goldman Sachs or its affiliates with respect to the Trust), expenses of preparing and setting in type Prospectuses, SAIs, proxy material, reports and notices and the printing and distributing of the same to the Trust’s shareholders and regulatory authorities, any expenses assumed by a Fund pursuant to its Distribution and Service Plans, compensation and expenses of its “non-interested” Trustees, the fees and expenses of pricing services, dividend expenses on short sales and extraordinary expenses, if any, incurred by the Trust. Except for fees and expenses under any service plan, shareholder administration plan or distribution and service plans applicable to a particular class and transfer agency fees and expenses, all Fund expenses are borne on a non-class specific basis.

The imposition of the Investment Adviser’s fees, as well as other operating expenses, will have the effect of reducing the total return to investors. From time to time, the Investment Adviser may waive receipt of its fees and/or voluntarily assume certain expenses of a Fund, which would have the effect of lowering that Fund’s overall expense ratio and increasing total return to investors at the time such amounts are waived or assumed, as the case may be.

As of February 28, 2012, the Investment Advisers have agreed to reduce or limit certain “Other Expenses” (excluding management fees, distribution and service fees, service and shareholder administration fees (as applicable), acquired fund fees and expenses, transfer agency fees and expenses, taxes, interest, brokerage fees, litigation, indemnification, shareholder meeting and other extraordinary expenses, exclusive of any expense offset arrangements) to the following annual percentage rates of each Fund’s average daily net assets through at least February 28, 2013, and prior to such date the Investment Advisers may not terminate the arrangements without the approval of the Board of Trustees. The expense limitation may be modified or terminated by the Investment Advisers at their discretion and without shareholder approval after such date, although the Investment Advisers do not presently intend to do so.

 

Fund

   Other
Expenses
 

Income Builder Fund

     0.064

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     0.004

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     0.004

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     0.004

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     0.004

Structured Small Cap Value Fund

     0.004

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

     0.004

Structured International Equity Fund

     0.004

Structured International Small Cap Fund

     0.014

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     0.014

Concentrated International Equity Fund

     0.104

International Small Cap Fund

     0.064

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     0.354

Asia Equity Fund

     0.164

BRIC Fund

     0.264

Strategic International Equity Fund

     0.164

N-11 Equity Fund

     0.164

Brazil Equity Fund

     0.364

China Equity Fund

     0.365

India Equity Fund

     0.110 %1 

Korea Equity Fund

     0.364

 

B-76


 

1 

The Investment Adviser for the India Equity Fund has also agreed to reduce or limit the Fund’s subsidiary’s expenses to 0.254% of the subsidiary’s average daily net assets (resulting in a combined cap on the Fund’s “Other Expenses” and “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses” of 0.364%).

Such reductions or limits, if any, are calculated monthly on a cumulative basis during each Fund’s fiscal year.

Fees and expenses borne by the Funds relating to legal counsel, registering shares of a Fund, holding meetings and communicating with shareholders may include an allocable portion of the cost of maintaining an internal legal and compliance department. Each Fund may also bear an allocable portion of the Investment Adviser’s costs of performing certain accounting services not being provided by a Fund’s custodian.

Reimbursement

For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2011, October 31, 2010 and October 31, 2009, the amounts of certain “Other Expenses” of each of the following Funds were reduced by the Investment Advisers in the following amounts under expense limitations that were then in effect:

 

Fund

   Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2011
     Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2010
     Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2009
 

Income Builder Fund

   $ 294,277       $ 319,590       $ 283,860   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     436,959         427,086         549,128   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     432,725         467,568         548,553   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     448,547         443,671         575,720   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     369,118         406,135         575,179   

Structured Small Cap Value Fund

     353,918         368,433         509,623   

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

     301,284         310,077         382,497   

Structured International Equity Fund

     1,202,439         919,239         1,362,785   

Structured International Small Cap Fund

     511,355         509,339         554,179   

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     921,110         1,159,143         633,978   

Concentrated International Equity Fund

     246,830         141,500         221,638   

International Small Cap Fund

     379,903         292,766         312,648   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     0         0         154   

Asia Equity Fund

     455,863         521,975         435,260   

BRIC Fund

     0         0         101,615   

Strategic International Equity Fund

     276,078         218,539         342,209   

N-11 Equity Fund1

     563,177         —           —     

Brazil Equity Fund2

     217,639         —           —     

China Equity Fund2

     211,945         —           —     

India Equity Fund3

     345,038         —           —     

Korea Equity Fund4

     258,945         —           —     

 

1 

The N-11 Equity Fund commenced operations on February 28, 2011.

2 

The Brazil Equity and China Equity Funds commenced operations on April 29, 2011.

3 

The India Equity Fund commenced operations on June 30, 2011.

4 

The Korea Equity Fund commenced operations on May 31, 2011.

Custodian and Sub-Custodians

State Street, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111, is the custodian of the Trust’s portfolio securities and cash for the Income Builder, Structured Large Cap Value, Structured U.S. Equity, Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Equity, Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds. JPMorganChase, 270 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017, is the custodian to the Concentrated International Equity, International Small Cap, Emerging Markets Equity, Asia Equity, BRIC, Strategic International Equity, Structured International Small Cap, Structured International Equity, Structured Emerging Markets Equity and N-11 Equity Funds. State Street and JPMorganChase also maintain the

 

B-77


Trust’s accounting records for the Funds for which they serve as custodian. State Street may appoint domestic and foreign sub-custodians and use depositories from time to time to hold certain securities and other instruments purchased by the Trust in foreign countries and to hold cash and currencies for the Trust.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 125 High Street, Boston, MA 02110, is the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. In addition to audit services, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP prepares the Funds’ federal and state tax returns, and provides assistance on certain non-audit matters.

POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

General Categories of Conflicts Associated with the Funds

Goldman Sachs (which, for purposes of this “POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST” section, shall mean, collectively, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Investment Adviser and their affiliates, directors, partners, trustees, managers, members, officers and employees) is a worldwide, full-service investment banking, broker-dealer, asset management and financial services organization and a major participant in global financial markets. As such, Goldman Sachs provides a wide range of financial services to a substantial and diversified client base. In those and other capacities, Goldman Sachs advises clients in all markets and transactions and purchases, sells, holds and recommends a broad array of investments for its own accounts and for the accounts of clients and of its personnel, through client accounts and the relationships and products it sponsors, manages and advises (such Goldman Sachs or other client accounts (including the Funds), relationships and products collectively, the “Accounts”). Goldman Sachs has direct and indirect interests in the global fixed income, currency, commodity, equities, bank loan and other markets, and the securities and issuers, in which the Funds may directly and indirectly invest. As a result, Goldman Sachs’ activities and dealings, including on behalf of the Funds, may affect the Funds in ways that may disadvantage or restrict the Funds and/or benefit Goldman Sachs or other Accounts. For purposes of this “POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST” section, “Funds” shall mean, collectively, the Funds and any of the other Goldman Sachs Funds.

The following are descriptions of certain conflicts and potential conflicts that may be associated with the financial or other interests that the Investment Adviser and Goldman Sachs may have in transactions effected by, with, and on behalf of the Funds. They are not, and are not intended to be, a complete enumeration or explanation of all of the potential conflicts of interest that may arise. Additional information about potential conflicts of interest regarding the Investment Adviser and Goldman Sachs is set forth in the Investment Adviser’s Form ADV, which prospective shareholders should review prior to purchasing Fund shares. A copy of Part 1 and Part 2 of the Investment Adviser’s Form ADV is available on the SEC’s website (www.adviserinfo.sec.gov). A copy of Part 2 of the Investment Adviser’s Form ADV will be provided to shareholders or prospective shareholders upon request.

Other Activities of Goldman Sachs, the Sale of Fund Shares and the Allocation of Investment Opportunities

Sales Incentives and Related Conflicts Arising from Goldman Sachs’ Financial and Other Relationships with Intermediaries

Goldman Sachs and its personnel, including employees of the Investment Adviser, may have relationships (both involving and not involving the Funds, and including without limitation placement, brokerage, advisory and board relationships) with distributors, consultants and others who recommend, or engage in transactions with or for, the Funds. Such distributors, consultants and other parties may receive compensation from Goldman Sachs or the Funds in connection with such relationships. As a result of these relationships, distributors, consultants and other parties may have conflicts that create incentives for them to promote the Funds.

To the extent permitted by applicable law, Goldman Sachs and the Funds may make payments to authorized dealers and other financial intermediaries and to salespersons (collectively, “Intermediaries”) from time to time to promote the Funds. These payments may be made out of Goldman Sachs’ assets, or amounts payable to Goldman Sachs. These payments may create an incentive for a particular Intermediary to highlight, feature or recommend the Funds.

Allocation of Investment Opportunities Among the Funds and Other Accounts

The Investment Adviser may manage or advise multiple Accounts (including Accounts in which Goldman Sachs and its personnel have an interest) that have investment objectives that are similar to the Funds and may seek to make investments or sell investments in the same securities or other instruments, sectors or strategies as the Funds. This may create potential conflicts, particularly in circumstances where the availability of such investment opportunities is limited (e.g., in local and emerging markets, high yield securities, fixed income securities, regulated industries, small capitalization and initial public offerings/new issues) or where the liquidity of such investment opportunities is limited.

 

B-78


The Investment Adviser does not receive performance-based compensation in respect of its investment management activities on behalf of the Funds, but may simultaneously manage Accounts for which the Investment Adviser receives greater fees or other compensation (including performance-based fees or allocations) than it receives in respect of the Funds. The simultaneous management of Accounts that pay greater fees or other compensation and the Funds may create a conflict of interest as the Investment Adviser may have an incentive to favor Accounts with the potential to receive greater fees. For instance, the Investment Adviser may be faced with a conflict of interest when allocating scarce investment opportunities given the possibly greater fees from Accounts that pay performance-based fees. To address these types of conflicts, the Investment Adviser has adopted policies and procedures under which it will allocate investment opportunities in a manner that it believes is consistent with its obligations as an investment adviser. However, the amount, timing, structuring or terms of an investment by the Funds may differ from, and performance may be lower than, the investments and performance of other Accounts.

To address these potential conflicts, the Investment Adviser has developed allocation policies and procedures that provide that personnel of the Investment Adviser making portfolio decisions for Accounts will make purchase and sale decisions and allocate investment opportunities among Accounts consistent with its fiduciary obligations. These policies and procedures may result in the pro rata allocation of limited opportunities across eligible Accounts managed by a particular portfolio management team, but in many other cases the allocations reflect numerous other factors as described below. Accounts managed by different portfolio management teams are generally viewed separately for allocation purposes. There will be cases where certain Accounts receive an allocation of an investment opportunity when the Funds do not.

Personnel of the Investment Adviser involved in decision-making for Accounts may make allocation related decisions for the Funds and other Accounts by reference to one or more factors, including without limitation: the Account’s portfolio and its investment horizons, objectives, guidelines and restrictions (including legal and regulatory restrictions); strategic fit and other portfolio management considerations, including different desired levels of investment for different strategies; the expected future capacity of the applicable Accounts; limits on the Investment Adviser’s brokerage discretion; cash and liquidity considerations; and the availability of other appropriate investment opportunities. Suitability considerations, reputational matters and other considerations may also be considered. The application of these considerations may cause differences in the performance of different Accounts that have similar strategies. In addition, in some cases the Investment Adviser may make investment recommendations to Accounts where the Accounts make the investment independently of the Investment Adviser, which may result in a reduction in the availability of the investment opportunity for other Accounts (including the Funds) irrespective of the Investment Adviser’s policies regarding allocation of investments. Additional information about the Investment Adviser’s allocation policies is set forth in Item 6 (“PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT—Side-by-Side Management”) of the Investment Adviser’s Form ADV.

The Investment Adviser may, from time to time, develop and implement new trading strategies or seek to participate in new investment opportunities and trading strategies. These opportunities and strategies may not be employed in all Accounts or pro rata among Accounts where they are employed, even if the opportunity or strategy is consistent with the objectives of such Accounts.

During periods of unusual market conditions, the Investment Adviser may deviate from its normal trade allocation practices. For example, this may occur with respect to the management of unlevered and/or long-only Accounts that are typically managed on a side-by-side basis with levered and/or long-short Accounts.

Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing, the Funds may or may not receive, but in any event will have no rights with respect to, opportunities sourced by Goldman Sachs businesses and affiliates. Such opportunities or any portion thereof may be offered to other Accounts, Goldman Sachs, all or certain investors in the Funds, or such other persons or entities as determined by Goldman Sachs in its sole discretion. The Funds will have no rights and will not receive any compensation related to such opportunities.

Goldman Sachs’ Financial and Other Interests May Incentivize Goldman Sachs to Promote the Sale of Fund Shares

Goldman Sachs and its personnel have interests in promoting sales of Fund shares, and the compensation from such sales may be greater than the compensation relating to sales of interests in other Accounts. Therefore, Goldman Sachs and its personnel may have a financial interest in promoting Fund shares over interests in other Accounts.

 

B-79


Management of the Funds by the Investment Adviser

Potential Restrictions and Issues Relating to Information Held by Goldman Sachs

Goldman Sachs has established certain information barriers and other policies to address the sharing of information between different businesses within Goldman Sachs. As a result of information barriers, the Investment Adviser generally will not have access, or will have limited access, to information and personnel in other areas of Goldman Sachs, and generally will not be able to manage the Funds with the benefit of information held by such other areas. Such other areas, including without limitation, Goldman Sachs’ prime brokerage and administration businesses, will have broad access to detailed information that is not available to the Investment Adviser, including information in respect of markets and investments, which, if known to the Investment Adviser, might cause the Investment Adviser to seek to dispose of, retain or increase interests in investments held by the Funds or acquire certain positions on behalf of the Funds, or take other actions. Goldman Sachs will be under no obligation or fiduciary or other duty to make any such information available to the Investment Adviser or personnel of the Investment Adviser involved in decision-making for the Funds. In addition, Goldman Sachs will not have any obligation to make available any information regarding its trading activities, strategies or views, or the activities, strategies or views used for other Accounts, for the benefit of the Funds.

Valuation of the Fund’s Investments

The Investment Adviser, while not the primary valuation agent of the Funds, performs certain valuation services related to securities and assets in the Funds. The Investment Adviser values securities and assets in the Funds according to its valuation policies and may value an identical asset differently than another division or unit within Goldman Sachs or another Account values the asset, including because such other division or unit or Account has information regarding valuation techniques and models or other information that it does not share with the Investment Adviser. This is particularly the case in respect of difficult-to-value assets. The Investment Adviser may face a conflict with respect to such valuations as they affect the Investment Adviser’s compensation.

Goldman Sachs’ and the Investment Adviser’s Activities on Behalf of Other Accounts

The Investment Adviser’s decisions and actions on behalf of the Funds may differ from those on behalf of other Accounts. Advice given to, or investment or voting decisions made for, one or more Accounts may compete with, affect, differ from, conflict with, or involve timing different from, advice given to or investment decisions made for the Funds.

The extent of Goldman Sachs’ activities in the global financial markets may have potential adverse effects on the Funds. Goldman Sachs, the clients it advises, and its personnel have interests in and advise Accounts which have investment objectives or portfolios similar to or opposed to those of the Funds, and/or which engage in and compete for transactions in the same types of securities and other instruments as the Funds. Transactions by such Accounts may involve the same or related securities or other instruments as those in which the Funds invest, and may negatively affect the Funds or the prices or terms at which the Funds’ transactions may be effected. For example, Accounts may engage in a strategy while the Funds are undertaking the same or a differing strategy, any of which could directly or indirectly disadvantage the Funds. The Funds and Goldman Sachs may also vote differently on or take or refrain from taking different actions with respect to the same security, which may be disadvantageous to the Funds. Accounts may also invest in or extend credit to different classes of securities or different parts of the capital structure of the same issuer and classes of securities that are subordinate or senior to, securities in which the Funds invest. As a result, Goldman Sachs and the Accounts may pursue or enforce rights or activities, or refrain from pursuing or enforcing rights or activities, with respect to a particular issuer in which the Funds have invested. The Funds could sustain losses during periods in which Goldman Sachs and other Accounts achieve profits. The negative effects described above may be more pronounced in connection with transactions in, or the Funds’ use of, small capitalization, emerging market, distressed or less liquid strategies.

Goldman Sachs and its personnel may make investment decisions or recommendations, provide differing investment views or have views with respect to research or valuations that are inconsistent with, or adverse to, the interests and activities of the Funds. Research, analyses or viewpoints may be available to clients or potential clients at different times. Goldman Sachs will not have any obligation to make available to the Funds any research or analysis prior to its public dissemination. The Investment Adviser is responsible for making investment decisions on behalf of the Funds and such investment decisions can differ from investment decisions or recommendations by Goldman Sachs on behalf of other Accounts. Goldman Sachs may, on behalf of other Accounts and in accordance with its management of such Accounts, implement an investment decision or strategy ahead of, or contemporaneously with, or behind similar investment decisions or strategies made for the Funds. The relative timing for the implementation of investment decisions or strategies among Accounts and the Funds may disadvantage the Funds. Certain factors, for example, market impact, liquidity constraints, or other circumstances, could result in the Funds receiving less favorable trading results or incurring increased costs associated with implementing such investment decisions or strategies, or being otherwise disadvantaged.

 

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Subject to applicable law, the Investment Adviser may cause the Funds to invest in securities, bank loans or other obligations of companies affiliated with Goldman Sachs or in which Goldman Sachs or Accounts have an equity, debt or other interest, or to engage in investment transactions that may result in other Accounts being relieved of obligations or otherwise divesting of investments, which may enhance the profitability of Goldman Sachs’ or other Accounts’ investments in and activities with respect to such companies.

When the Investment Adviser wishes to place an order for different types of Accounts (including the Funds) for which aggregation is not practicable, the Investment Adviser may use a trade sequencing and rotation policy to determine which type of Account is to be traded first. Under this policy, each portfolio management team may determine the length of its trade rotation period and the sequencing schedule for different categories of clients within this period provided that the trading periods and these sequencing schedules are designed to be fair and equitable over time. The portfolio management teams currently base their trading periods and rotation schedules on the relative amounts of assets managed for different client categories (e.g., unconstrained client accounts, “wrap program” accounts, etc.) and, as a result, the Funds may trade behind other Accounts. Within a given trading period, the sequencing schedule establishes when and how frequently a given client category will trade first in the order of rotation. The Investment Adviser may deviate from the predetermined sequencing schedule under certain circumstances, and the Investment Adviser’s trade sequencing and rotation policy may be amended, modified or supplemented at any time without prior notice to clients.

Investments in Goldman Sachs Funds

To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Funds may invest in money market and other funds sponsored, managed or advised by Goldman Sachs. In connection with any such investments, a Fund, to the extent permitted by the Act, will pay all advisory, administrative or Rule 12b-1 fees applicable to the investment, and fees to the Investment Adviser in its capacity as manager of the Funds will not be reduced thereby (i.e., there could be “double fees” involved in making any such investment because Goldman Sachs could receive fees with respect to both the management of the Funds and such money market fund). In such circumstances, as well as in all other circumstances in which Goldman Sachs receives any fees or other compensation in any form relating to the provision of services, no accounting or repayment to the Funds will be required.

Goldman Sachs May In-Source or Outsource

Subject to applicable law, Goldman Sachs, including the Investment Adviser, may from time to time and without notice to investors in-source or outsource certain processes or functions in connection with a variety of services that it provides to the Funds in its administrative or other capacities. Such in-sourcing or outsourcing may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.

Distributions of Assets Other Than Cash

With respect to redemptions from the Funds, the Funds may, in certain circumstances, have discretion to decide whether to permit or limit redemptions and whether to make distributions in connection with redemptions in the form of securities or other assets, and in such case, the composition of such distributions. In making such decisions, the Investment Adviser may have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities with respect to redeeming investors and remaining investors.

Goldman Sachs May Act in a Capacity Other Than Investment Adviser to the Funds

Principal and Cross Transactions

When permitted by applicable law and the Investment Adviser’s policies, the Investment Adviser, acting on behalf of the Funds, may enter into transactions in securities and other instruments with or through Goldman Sachs, and may cause the Funds to engage in transactions in which the Investment Adviser acts as principal on its own behalf (principal transactions), advises both sides of a transaction (cross transactions) and acts as broker for, and receives a commission from, the Funds on one side of a transaction and a brokerage account on the other side of the transaction (agency cross transactions). There may be potential conflicts of interest or regulatory issues relating to these transactions which could limit the Investment Adviser’s decision to engage in these transactions for the Funds. Goldman Sachs may have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities to the parties in such transactions, and has developed policies and procedures in relation to such transactions and conflicts. Any principal, cross or agency cross transactions will be effected in accordance with fiduciary requirements and applicable law (which may include disclosure and consent).

 

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Goldman Sachs May Act in Multiple Commercial Capacities

To the extent permitted by applicable law, Goldman Sachs may act as broker, dealer, agent, lender or advisor or in other commercial capacities for the Funds or issuers of securities held by the Funds. Goldman Sachs may be entitled to compensation in connection with the provision of such services, and the Funds will not be entitled to any such compensation. Goldman Sachs will have an interest in obtaining fees and other compensation in connection with such services that are favorable to Goldman Sachs, and may take commercial steps in its own interests in connection with providing such services that negatively affect the Funds. For example, Goldman Sachs may require repayment of all or part of a loan at any time and from time to time or cause the Funds to default, liquidate its assets or redeem positions more rapidly (and at significantly lower prices) than might otherwise be desirable. In addition, due to its access to and knowledge of funds, markets and securities based on its other businesses, Goldman Sachs may make decisions based on information or take (or refrain from taking) actions with respect to interests in investments of the kind held directly or indirectly by the Funds in a manner that may be adverse to the Funds. Goldman Sachs may also derive benefits from providing services to the Funds, which may enhance Goldman Sachs’ relationships with various parties, facilitate additional business development and enable Goldman Sachs to obtain additional business and generate additional revenue.

To the extent permitted by applicable law, Goldman Sachs may create, write, sell, issue, invest in or act as placement agent or distributor of derivative instruments related to the Funds, or with respect to underlying securities or assets of the Funds, or which may be otherwise based on or seek to replicate or hedge the performance of the Funds. Such derivative transactions, and any associated hedging activity, may differ from and be adverse to the interests of the Funds.

Goldman Sachs may make loans or enter into asset-based or other credit facilities or similar transactions that are secured by a client’s assets or interests, including Fund shares, interests in an Account or assets in which the Funds or an Account has an interest. In connection with its rights as lender, Goldman Sachs may take actions that adversely affect the Account and which may in turn adversely affect the Funds (e.g., a Fund holding the same type of security that is providing the credit support to the borrower Account may be disadvantaged when the borrower Account liquidates assets in response to an action taken by Goldman Sachs).

Code of Ethics and Personal Trading

Each of the Funds and Goldman Sachs, as each Fund’s Investment Adviser and distributor, has adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) in compliance with Section 17(j) of the Act designed to provide that personnel of the Investment Adviser, and certain additional Goldman Sachs personnel who support the Investment Adviser, comply with applicable federal securities laws and place the interests of clients first in conducting personal securities transactions. The Code of Ethics imposes certain restrictions on securities transactions in the personal accounts of covered persons to help avoid conflicts of interest. Subject to the limitations of the Code of Ethics, covered persons may buy and sell securities or other investments for their personal accounts, including investments in the Funds, and may also take positions that are the same as, different from, or made at different times than, positions taken by the Funds. The Codes of Ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-942-8090. The Codes of Ethics are also available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies may also be obtained after paying a duplicating fee by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-0102, or by electronic request to publicinfo@sec.gov. Additionally, Goldman Sachs personnel, including personnel of the Investment Adviser, are subject to firm-wide policies and procedures regarding confidential and proprietary information, information barriers, private investments, outside business activities and personal trading.

Proxy Voting by the Investment Adviser

The Investment Adviser has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that it makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Funds, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with its fiduciary obligations to its clients. Notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, proxy voting decisions made by the Investment Adviser with respect to securities held by the Funds may benefit the interests of Goldman Sachs and Accounts other than the Funds. For a more detailed discussion of these policies and procedures, see the section of this SAI entitled “PROXY VOTING.”

 

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Potential Limitations and Restrictions on Investment Opportunities and Activities of the Investment Adviser and the Funds

The Investment Adviser may restrict its investment decisions and activities on behalf of the Funds in various circumstances, including as a result of applicable regulatory requirements, information held by Goldman Sachs, Goldman Sachs’ internal policies and/or potential reputational risk or disadvantage to Accounts, including the Funds, and Goldman Sachs. As a result, the Investment Adviser might not engage in transactions for the Funds in consideration of Goldman Sachs’ activities outside the Funds (e.g., the Investment Adviser may refrain from making investments for the Funds that would cause Goldman Sachs to exceed position limits or cause Goldman Sachs to have additional disclosure obligations and may limit purchases or sales of securities in respect of which Goldman Sachs is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution). In addition, the Investment Adviser is not permitted to obtain or use material non-public information in effecting purchases and sales in public securities transactions for the Funds. The Investment Adviser may also limit the activities and transactions engaged in by the Funds, and may limit its exercise of rights on behalf of or in respect of the Funds, for reputational or other reasons, including where Goldman Sachs is providing (or may provide) advice or services to an entity involved in such activity or transaction, where Goldman Sachs or an Account is or may be engaged in the same or a related transaction to that being considered on behalf of the Funds, where Goldman Sachs or an Account has an interest in an entity involved in such activity or transaction, or where such activity or transaction or the exercise of such rights on behalf of or in respect of the Funds could affect Goldman Sachs, the Investment Adviser or their activities.

Brokerage Transactions

The Investment Adviser may select broker-dealers (including affiliates of the Investment Adviser) that furnish the Investment Adviser, the Funds, their affiliates and other Goldman Sachs personnel with proprietary or third party brokerage and research services (collectively, “brokerage and research services”) that provide, in the Investment Adviser’s view, appropriate assistance to the Investment Adviser in the investment decision-making process. As a result, the Investment Adviser may pay for such brokerage and research services with “soft” or commission dollars.

Brokerage and research services may be used to service the Funds and any or all other Accounts, including in connection with Accounts other than those that pay commissions to the broker-dealer relating to the brokerage and research service arrangements. As a result, the brokerage and research services (including soft dollar benefits) may disproportionately benefit other Accounts relative to the Funds based on the amount of commissions paid by the Funds in comparison to such other Accounts. The Investment Adviser does not attempt to allocate soft dollar benefits proportionately among clients or to track the benefits of brokerage and research services to the commissions associated with a particular Account or group of Accounts.

Aggregation of Trades by the Investment Adviser

The Investment Adviser follows policies and procedures pursuant to which it may combine or aggregate purchase or sale orders for the same security for multiple clients (sometimes called “bunching”) (including Accounts that are proprietary to Goldman Sachs), so that the orders can be executed at the same time. The Investment Adviser aggregates orders when the Investment Adviser considers doing so appropriate and in the interests of its clients generally. In addition, under certain circumstances trades for the Funds may be aggregated with Accounts that contain Goldman Sachs assets.

When a bunched order is completely filled, the Investment Adviser generally will allocate the securities purchased or proceeds of sale pro rata among the participating Accounts, based on the purchase or sale order. If an order is filled at several different prices, through multiple trades (whether at a particular broker-dealer or among multiple broker-dealers), generally all participating Accounts will receive the average price and pay the average commission, however, this may not always be the case (due to, e.g., odd lots, rounding, market practice or constraints applicable to particular Accounts).

The Investment Adviser does not bunch or aggregate orders for different Funds, or net buy and sell orders for the same Fund, if portfolio management decisions relating to the orders are made separately, or if bunching, aggregating or netting is not appropriate or practicable from the Investment Adviser’s operational or other perspective. The Investment Adviser may be able to negotiate a better price and lower commission rate on aggregated trades than on trades for Funds that are not aggregated, and incur lower transaction costs on netted trades than trades that are not netted. Where transactions for a Fund are not aggregated with other orders, or not netted against orders for the Fund, the Fund may not benefit from a better price and lower commission rate or lower transaction cost.

 

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PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

The Investment Advisers are responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for the Funds, the selection of brokers and dealers to effect the transactions and the negotiation of brokerage commissions, if any. Purchases and sales of securities on a securities exchange are effected through brokers who charge a negotiated commission for their services. Increasingly, securities traded over-the-counter also involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. Orders may be directed to any broker including, to the extent and in the manner permitted by applicable law, Goldman Sachs.

In the over-the-counter market, most securities have historically traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission, although the price of a security usually includes a profit to the dealer. In underwritten offerings, securities are purchased at a fixed price which includes an amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s concession or discount. On occasion, certain money market instruments may be purchased directly from an issuer, in which case no commissions or discounts are paid.

In placing orders for portfolio securities of a Fund, the Investment Advisers are generally required to give primary consideration to obtaining the most favorable execution and net price available. This means that an Investment Adviser will seek to execute each transaction at a price and commission, if any, which provides the most favorable total cost or proceeds reasonably attainable in the circumstances. As permitted by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Section 28(e)”), a Fund may pay a broker which provides brokerage and research services to the Fund an amount of disclosed commission in excess of the commission which another broker would have charged for effecting that transaction. Such practice is subject to a good faith determination that such commission is reasonable in light of the services provided and to such policies as the Trustees may adopt from time to time. While the Investment Advisers generally seek reasonably competitive spreads or commissions, a Fund will not necessarily be paying the lowest spread or commission available. Within the framework of this policy, the Investment Advisers will consider research and investment services provided by brokers or dealers who effect or are parties to portfolio transactions of a Fund, the Investment Advisers and their affiliates, or their other clients. Such research and investment services are those which brokerage houses customarily provide to institutional investors and include research reports on particular industries and companies; economic surveys and analyses; recommendations as to specific securities; research products including quotation equipment and computer related programs; advice concerning the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities and the availability of securities or the purchasers or sellers of securities; analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and performance of accounts; services relating to effecting securities transactions and functions incidental thereto (such as clearance and settlement); and other lawful and appropriate assistance to the Investment Advisers in the performance of their decision-making responsibilities.

Such services are used by the Investment Advisers in connection with all of their investment activities, and some of such services obtained in connection with the execution of transactions for a Fund may be used in managing other investment accounts. Conversely, brokers furnishing such services may be selected for the execution of transactions of such other accounts, whose aggregate assets may be larger than those of a Fund’s, and the services furnished by such brokers may be used by the Investment Advisers in providing management services for the Trust. An Investment Adviser may also participate in so-called “commission sharing arrangements” and “client commission arrangements” under which an Investment Adviser may execute transactions through a broker-dealer and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm that provides research to an Investment Adviser. An Investment Adviser excludes from use under these arrangements those products and services that are not fully eligible under applicable law and regulatory interpretations– even as to the portion that would be eligible if accounted for separately.

The research services received as part of commission sharing and client commission arrangements will comply with Section 28(e) and may be subject to different legal requirements in the jurisdictions in which the Investment Adviser does business. Participating in commission sharing and client commission arrangements may enable the Investment Adviser to consolidate payments for research through one or more channels using accumulated client commissions or credits from transactions executed through a particular broker-dealer to obtain research provided by other firms. Such arrangements also help to ensure the continued receipt of research services while facilitating best execution in the trading process. The Investment Adviser believes such research services are useful in its investment decision-making process by, among other things, ensuring access to a variety of high quality research, access to individual analysts and availability of resources that the Investment Adviser might not be provided access to absent such arrangements.

On occasions when an Investment Adviser deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interest of a Fund as well as its other customers (including any other fund or other investment company or advisory account for which such Investment Adviser acts as investment adviser or sub-investment adviser), the Investment Adviser, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased for the Fund with those to be sold or purchased for such other customers in order to obtain the best net price and most favorable execution under the circumstances. In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Investment Adviser in the manner it considers to be equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to such Fund and such other customers. In some instances, this procedure may adversely affect the price and size of the position obtainable for a Fund.

 

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Commission rates in the U.S. are established pursuant to negotiations with the broker based on the quality and quantity of execution services provided by the broker in the light of generally prevailing rates. The allocation of orders among brokers and the commission rates paid are reviewed periodically by the Trustees.

Certain Funds may participate in a commission recapture program. Under the program, participating broker-dealers rebate a percentage of commissions earned on Fund portfolio transactions to the particular Fund from which they were generated. The rebated commissions are expected to be treated as realized capital gains of the Funds.

Subject to the above considerations, the Investment Advisers may use Goldman Sachs or an affiliate as a broker for a Fund. In order for Goldman Sachs or an affiliate, acting as agent, to effect any portfolio transactions for a Fund, the commissions, fees or other remuneration received by Goldman Sachs or an affiliate must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions, fees or other remuneration received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities or futures contracts. Furthermore, the Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested” Trustees, have adopted procedures which are reasonably designed to provide that any commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to Goldman Sachs are consistent with the foregoing standard. Brokerage transactions with Goldman Sachs are also subject to such fiduciary standards as may be imposed upon Goldman Sachs by applicable law.

Commission rates in the U.S. are established pursuant to negotiations with the broker based on the quality and quantity of execution services provided by the broker in the light of generally prevailing rates.

For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2011, October 31, 2010 and October 31, 2009, each of the following Funds paid brokerage commissions as follows. The amount of brokerage commissions paid by a Fund may vary substantially from year to year because of differences in shareholder purchase and redemption activity, portfolio turnover rates and other factors.

 

Fiscal Year Ended

October 31, 2011

   Total  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid
     Total Brokerage
Commissions  Paid to
Goldman Sachs(1)
    Total Amount of
Transactions on
which

Commissions Paid
    Amount of
Transactions
Effected
through
Brokers

Providing
Research(2)
     Total Brokerage
Commissions  Paid
for Research(2)
 

Income Builder Fund

   $ 15,886       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 4,741,803,391         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

   $ 44,763       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 4,040,459,780         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

   $ 32,056       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 3,253,715,033         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

   $ 52,362       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 4,491,024,608         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

   $ 44,169       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 1,992,829,473         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Small Cap Value Fund

   $ 7,625       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 974,629,155         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

   $ 3,117       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 310,707,573         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured International Equity Fund

   $ 1,054,301       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 7,149,236,887         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured International Small Cap Fund

   $ 112,165       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 749,156,192         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

   $ 620,029       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 1,511,077,853         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Concentrated International Equity Fund

   $ 599,378       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 811,698,297         (0 %)(4)    $ 521,609,316       $ 570,641   

International Small Cap Fund

   $ 412,863       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 371,963,975         (0 %)(4)    $ 296,455,738       $ 394,016   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

   $ 2,378,823       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 1,436,234,500         (0 %)(4)    $ 1,381,123,271       $ 2,290,587   

Asia Equity Fund

   $ 316,601       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 178,416,775         (0 %)(4)    $ 163,193,425       $ 297,606   

BRIC Fund

   $ 2,396,761       $ 3,977         (0 %)(3)    $ 1,565,205,701         (0 %)(4)    $ 1,351,166,437       $ 2,302,337   

Strategic International Equity Fund

   $ 289,297       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 320,023,534         (0 %)(4)    $ 240,394,486       $ 279,546   

N-11 Equity Fund 5

   $ 238,930       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 170,502,996         (0 %)(4)    $ 129,167,078       $ 213,096   

Brazil Equity Fund 6

   $ 15,768       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 13,531,921         (0 %)(4)    $ 8,220,288       $ 15,227   

China Equity Fund 6

   $ 9,194       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 20,838,754         (0 %)(4)    $ 10,142,538       $ 9,111   

India Equity Fund 7

   $ 6,263       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 8,657,487         (0 %)(4)    $ 4,008,282       $ 5,436   

Korea Equity Fund 8

   $ 14,338       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 14,861,814         (0 %)(4)    $ 129,167,078       $ 12,901   

 

1 

The figures in the table report brokerage commissions only from securities transactions. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, Goldman Sachs earned approximately $8,760, $21,676, $9,966, $24,404, $10,086, $642, $384, $85,131, $64, $0, $11,193, $13,132, $3,655, $1,157, $4,371, $2,021, $0, $0, $0, $828, and $0 in brokerage commissions from portfolio transactions, including futures transactions, executed on behalf of the Income Builder, Structured Large Cap Value, Structured U.S. Equity, Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Equity, Structured Small Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Growth, Structured International Equity, Structured International Small Cap, Structured Emerging Markets Equity, Concentrated International Equity, International Small Cap, Emerging Markets Equity, Asia Equity, BRIC, Strategic International Equity, N-11 Equity, Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds, respectively.

 

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2 

The information above reflects the full commission amounts paid to brokers that provide research to the Investment Advisers. Only a portion of such commission pays for research and the remainder of such commission is to compensate the broker for execution services, commitment of capital and other services related to the execution of brokerage transactions.

3 

Percentage of total commissions paid to Goldman Sachs.

4 

Percentage of total amount of transactions involving the payment of commissions effected through Goldman Sachs.

5 

The N-11 Equity Fund commenced operations on February 28, 2011.

6 

The Brazil Equity and China Equity Funds commenced operations on April 29, 2011.

7 

The India Equity Fund commenced operations on June 30, 2011.

8 

The Korea Equity Fund commenced operations on May 31, 2011.

 

Fiscal Year Ended

October 31, 2010

   Total  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid
     Total Brokerage
Commissions  Paid to
Goldman Sachs(1)
    Total Amount of
Transactions on
which

Commissions Paid
    Amount of
Transactions
Effected
through
Brokers

Providing
Research(2)
     Total Brokerage
Commissions  Paid
for Research(2)
 

Income Builder Fund

   $ 19,929       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 2,394,198,532         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

   $ 103,802       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 4,847,813,545         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

   $ 33,426       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 3,443,562,064         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

   $ 81,222       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 4,306,023,281         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

   $ 7,197       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 312,007,361         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Small Cap Value Fund

   $ 24,537       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 1,160,767,132         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

   $ 87,591       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 3,329,748,150         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured International Equity Fund

   $ 1,289,673       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 7,341,394,267         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured International Small Cap Fund

   $ 146,846       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 721,714,280         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

   $ 1,039,943       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 1,912,384,774         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Concentrated International Equity Fund

   $ 690,102       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 1,235,086,825         (0 %)(4)    $ 740,751,487       $ 653,511   

International Small Cap Fund

   $ 445,239       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 437,664,445         (0 %)(4)    $ 318,740,022       $ 431,233   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

   $ 2,026,477       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 1,702,303,896         (0 %)(4)    $ 1,698,411,436       $ 1,991,979   

Asia Equity Fund

   $ 252,084       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 128,320,247         (0 %)(4)    $ 125,247,459       $ 239,958   

BRIC Fund

   $ 1,773,331       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 1,329,496,075         (0 %)(4)    $ 1,200,066,811       $ 1,648,436   

Strategic International Equity Fund

   $ 248,381       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 238,281,804         (0 %)(4)    $ 173,509,128       $ 237,638   

 

1 

The figures in the table report brokerage commissions only from securities transactions. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2010, Goldman Sachs earned approximately $7,092, $37,718, $7,683, $30,956, $13,614, $833, $244, $100,741, $14,232, $1,195, $1,378 and $3,706 in brokerage commissions from portfolio transactions, including futures transactions, executed on behalf of the Income Builder, Structured Large Cap Value, Structured U.S. Equity, Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Equity, Structured Small Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Growth, Structured International Equity, Concentrated International Equity, Emerging Markets Equity, Asia Equity and Strategic International Equity Funds, respectively.

2 

The information above reflects the full commission amounts paid to brokers that provide research to the Investment Advisers. Only a portion of such commission pays for research and the remainder of such commission is to compensate the broker for execution services, commitment of capital and other services related to the execution of brokerage transactions.

3 

Percentage of total commissions paid to Goldman Sachs.

4 

Percentage of total amount of transactions involving the payment of commissions effected through Goldman Sachs.

 

Fiscal Year Ended

October 31, 2009

   Total Brokerage
Commissions  Paid
     Total Brokerage
Commissions  Paid to
Goldman Sachs(1)
    Total Amount of
Transactions on
which

Commissions Paid
    Amount of
Transactions
Effected
through
Brokers

Providing
Research(2)
     Total Brokerage
Commissions  Paid
for Research(2)
 

Income Builder Fund

   $ 12,097       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 2,218,405,162         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

   $ 182,929       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 4,868,307,006         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

   $ 100,593       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 3,028,904,808         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

   $ 184,327       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 3,929,180,130         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

   $ 262,860       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 3,258,467,873         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Small Cap Value Fund

   $ 73,818       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 652,400,991         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

   $ 19,442       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 179,710,579         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured International Equity Fund

   $ 1,749,252       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 531,704,028         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured International Small Cap Fund

   $ 159,778       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 827,179,009         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

   $ 542,076       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 780,943,754         (0 %)(4)    $ 0       $ 0   

Concentrated International Equity Fund

   $ 772,875       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 678,950,236         (0 %)(4)    $ 549,205,508       $ 748,631   

International Small Cap Fund

   $ 278,984       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 212,156,479         (0 %)(4)    $ 193,514,057       $ 254,835   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

   $ 3,151,658       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 2,332,236,784         (0 %)(4)    $ 2,312,028,212       $ 3,107,944   

Asia Equity Fund

   $ 188,377       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 148,634,866         (0 %)(4)    $ 144,062,408       $ 184,030   

BRIC Fund

   $ 1,393,840       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 906,054,717         (0 %)(4)    $ 814,901,133       $ 1,290,603   

Strategic International Equity Fund

   $ 245,989       $ 0         (0 %)(3)    $ 214,594,545         (0 %)(4)    $ 160,021,443       $ 232,762   

 

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1 

The figures in the table report brokerage commissions only from securities transactions. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, Goldman Sachs earned approximately $8,241, $25,236, $9,592, $36,144, $17,117, $1,462, $439, $117,000, $97, $8,332, $27,277, $3,254, $364 and $3,444 in brokerage commissions from portfolio transactions, including futures transactions, executed on behalf of the Income Builder, Structured Large Cap Value, Structured U.S. Equity, Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Equity, Structured Small Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Growth, Structured International Equity, Structured International Small Cap, Concentrated International Equity, Emerging Markets Equity, Asia Equity, BRIC and Strategic International Equity Funds, respectively.

2 

The information above reflects the full commission amounts paid to brokers that provide research to the Investment Advisers. Only a portion of such commission pays for research and the remainder of such commission is to compensate the broker for execution services, commitment of capital and other services related to the execution of brokerage transactions.

3 

Percentage of total commissions paid to Goldman Sachs.

4 

Percentage of total amount of transactions involving the payment of commissions effected through Goldman Sachs.

Funds’ Investments in Regular Broker-Dealers

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the Funds’ regular “broker-dealers”, as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the Act, were: Barclays Capital Inc., JPMorgan Chase & Co., Bank of America Securities LLC, Credit Suisse First Boston Corp., Morgan Stanley Co. Incorporated, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Citigroup Inc., UBS Painewebber Warburg Dillon Reed, Liquidnet Inc., and State Street Bank.

As of October 31, 2011, the Funds held the following amounts of securities of their regular broker-dealers, as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the Act, or their parents ($ in thousands).

 

Fund

  

Broker/Dealer

   Amount  

Income Builder Fund

  

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

UBS Painewebber Warburg Dillon Reed

Bank of America Securities LLC

Citigroup Inc.

Morgan Stanley Co. Incorporated

Credit Suisse First Boston Corp.

   $

 

 

 

 

 

937

547

1,675

1,054

386

1

  

  

  

  

  

  

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

  

Bank of America Securities LLC

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Citigroup Inc.

   $

 

 

4,834

5,593

1,066

  

  

  

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

   Bank of America Securities LLC    $ 1,428   

Structured International Equity Fund

  

Barclays Capital Inc.

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

Credit Suisse First Boston Corp.

UBS Painewebber Warburg Dillon Reed

   $

 

 

 

3,876

2,460

2,136

2,378

  

  

  

  

Concentrated International Equity Fund

   UBS Painewebber Warburg Dillon Reed    $ 1,992   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

  

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

UBS Painewebber Warburg Dillon Reed

Bank of America Securities LLC

Morgan Stanley Co. Incorporated

   $

 

 

 

1,238

486

2,260

874

  

  

  

  

Asia Equity Fund

  

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

UBS Painewebber Warburg Dillon Reed

Morgan Stanley Co. Incorporated

   $

 

 

 

124

326

82

222

  

  

  

  

BRIC Fund

  

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

UBS Painewebber Warburg Dillon Reed

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

Morgan Stanley Co. Incorporated

   $

 

 

 

1,608

1,159

4,463

3,497

  

  

  

  

 

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NET ASSET VALUE

In accordance with procedures adopted by the Trustees, the net asset value per share of each class of each Fund is calculated by determining the value of the net assets attributed to each class of that Fund and dividing by the number of outstanding shares of that class. All securities are valued on each Business Day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (normally, but not always, 4:00 p.m. New York time) or such other time as the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ market may officially close. The term “Business Day” means any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading, which is Monday through Friday except for holidays. The New York Stock Exchange is closed on the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington’s Birthday (observed), Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas.

The time at which transactions and shares are priced and the time by which orders must be received may be changed in case of an emergency or if regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange is stopped at a time other than 4:00 p.m. New York Time. The Trust reserves the right to reprocess purchase, redemption and exchange transactions that were initially processed at a net asset value other than the Fund’s official closing net asset value that is subsequently adjusted, and to recover amounts from (or distribute amounts to) shareholders based on the official closing net asset value. The Trust reserves the right to advance the time by which purchase and redemption orders must be received for same business day credit as otherwise permitted by the SEC. In addition, each Fund may compute its net asset value as of any time permitted pursuant to any exemption, order or statement of the SEC or its staff.

Portfolio securities of a Fund for which accurate market quotations are readily available are valued as follows: (i) securities listed on any U.S. or foreign stock exchange or on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations System (“NASDAQ”) will be valued at the last sale price or the official closing price on the exchange or system in which they are principally traded on the valuation date. If there is no sale on the valuation day, securities traded will be valued at the closing bid price, or if a closing bid price is not available, at either the exchange or system-defined close price on the exchange or system in which such securities are principally traded. If the relevant exchange or system has not closed by the above-mentioned time for determining a Fund’s net asset value, the securities will be valued at the last sale price or official closing price, or if not available at the bid price at the time the net asset value is determined; (ii) over-the-counter securities not quoted on NASDAQ will be valued at the last sale price on the valuation day or, if no sale occurs, at the last bid price at the time net asset value is determined; (iii) equity securities for which no prices are obtained under sections (i) or (ii) including those for which a pricing service supplies no exchange quotation or a quotation that is believed by the portfolio manager/trader to be inaccurate, will be valued at their fair value in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees; (iv) fixed income securities, with the exception of short term securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less, will be valued using evaluated prices provided by a recognized pricing service (e.g., Interactive Data Corp., Reuters, etc.) or dealer-supplied bid quotations; (v) fixed income securities for which accurate market quotations are not readily available are valued by the Investment Adviser based on valuation models that take into account various factors such as spread and daily yield changes on government or other securities in the appropriate market (i.e. matrix pricing); (vi) short term fixed income securities with a remaining maturity of 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, which the Trustees have determined to approximate fair value; and (vii) all other instruments, including those for which a pricing service supplies no exchange quotation or a quotation that is believed by the portfolio manager/trader to be inaccurate, will be valued in accordance with the valuation procedures approved by the Board of Trustees.

The value of all assets and liabilities expressed in foreign currencies will be converted into U.S. dollar values at current exchange rates of such currencies against U.S. dollars last quoted by any major bank or pricing service. If such quotations are not available, the rate of exchange will be determined in good faith by or under procedures established by the Board of Trustees.

Generally, trading in securities on European, Asian and Far Eastern securities exchanges and on over-the-counter markets in these regions is substantially completed at various times prior to the close of business on each Business Day in New York (i.e., a day on which the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading). In addition, European, Asian or Far Eastern securities trading generally or in a particular country or countries may not take place on all Business Days in New York. Furthermore, trading takes place in various foreign markets on days which are not Business Days in New York and days on which the Funds’ net asset values are not calculated. Such calculation does not take place contemporaneously with the determination of the prices of the majority of the portfolio securities used in such calculation. For Funds that invest a significant portion of assets in foreign equity securities, “fair value” prices are provided by an independent fair value service (if available), in accordance with the fair value procedures approved by the Trustees, and are intended to reflect more accurately the value of those securities at the time the Fund’s NAV is calculated. Fair value prices are used because many foreign markets operate at times that do not coincide with those of the major U.S. markets. Events that could affect

 

B-88


the values of foreign portfolio holdings may occur between the close of the foreign market and the time of determining the NAV, and would not otherwise be reflected in the NAV. If the independent fair value service does not provide a fair value for a particular security or if the value does not meet the established criteria for the Funds, the most recent closing price for such a security on its principal exchange will generally be its fair value on such date.

The Investment Adviser, consistent with its procedures and applicable regulatory guidance, may determine to make an adjustment to the previous closing prices of either domestic or foreign securities in light of significant events, to reflect what it believes to be the fair value of the securities at the time of determining a Fund’s NAV. Significant events that could affect a large number of securities in a particular market may include, but are not limited to: situations relating to one or more single issuers in a market sector; significant fluctuations in U.S. or foreign markets; market dislocations; market disruptions or market closings; equipment failures; natural or man-made disasters or act of God; armed conflicts; governmental actions or other developments; as well as the same or similar events which may affect specific issuers or the securities markets even though not tied directly to the securities markets. Other significant events that could relate to a single issuer may include, but are not limited to: corporate actions such as reorganizations, mergers and buy-outs; corporate announcements, including those relating to earnings, products and regulatory news; significant litigation; low trading volume; trading limits; or suspensions.

The proceeds received by each Fund and each other series of the Trust from the issue or sale of its shares, and all net investment income, realized and unrealized gain and proceeds thereof, subject only to the rights of creditors, will be specifically allocated to such Fund or particular series and constitute the underlying assets of that Fund or series. The underlying assets of each Fund will be segregated on the books of account, and will be charged with the liabilities in respect of such Fund and with a share of the general liabilities of the Trust. Expenses of the Trust with respect to the Funds and the other series of the Trust are generally allocated in proportion to the net asset values of the respective Funds or series except where allocations of expenses can otherwise be fairly made.

Errors and Corrective Actions

The Investment Adviser will report to the Board of Trustees any material breaches of investment objective, policies or restrictions and any material errors in the calculation of the NAV of a Fund or the processing of purchases and redemptions. Depending on the nature and size of an error, corrective action may or may not be required. Corrective action may involve a prospective correction of the NAV only, correction of any erroneous NAV and compensation to a Fund, or correction of any erroneous NAV, compensation to a Fund and reprocessing of individual shareholder transactions. The Trust’s policies on errors and corrective action limit or restrict when corrective action will be taken or when compensation to a Fund or its shareholders will be paid, and not all mistakes will result in compensable errors. As a result, neither a Fund nor its shareholders who purchase or redeem shares during periods in which errors accrue or occur may be compensated in connection with the resolution of an error. Shareholders will generally not be notified of the occurrence of a compensable error or the resolution thereof absent unusual circumstances.

As discussed in more detail under “NET ASSET VALUE,” a Fund’s portfolio securities may be priced based on quotations for those securities provided by pricing services. There can be no guarantee that a quotation provided by a pricing service will be accurate.

SHARES OF THE TRUST

The Income Builder, Structured U.S. Equity, Concentrated International Equity and Asia Equity Funds were reorganized on April 30, 1997 from series of a Maryland corporation to series of Goldman Sachs Trust, a Delaware statutory trust, established by a Declaration of Trust dated January 28, 1997. The fiscal year end for each Fund is October 31.

The Trustees have authority under the Trust’s Declaration of Trust to create and classify shares of beneficial interest in separate series, without further action by shareholders. The Trustees also have authority to classify and reclassify any series of shares into one or more classes of shares. As of February 28, 2012, the Trustees have classified the shares of Structured Large Cap Value, Structured U.S. Equity, Structured Large Cap Growth, Structured Small Cap Equity and Structured International Equity Funds into seven classes: Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares, Class R Shares, Class IR Shares, Institutional Shares and Service Shares. The Trustees have classified the shares of Structured Small Cap Value, Structured Small Cap Growth and Strategic International Equity Funds into six classes: Institutional Shares, Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares, Class R Shares and Class IR Shares. The Trustees have classified the shares of Concentrated International Equity, International Small Cap and Emerging Markets Equity Funds into six classes: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class IR, Institutional and Service Shares. The Trustees have classified the shares of Income Builder Fund into five classes: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class IR and Institutional Shares. The Trustees have classified the shares of Asia Equity Fund into four classes: Class A, Class B, Class C and Institutional Shares. The Trustees have classified the shares of BRIC, Structured International Small Cap, Structured Emerging Markets Equity, N-11 Equity, Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds into four classes: Class A, Class C, Class IR and Institutional Shares. Additional series and classes may be added in the future.

 

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Each Class A Share, Class B Share, Class C Share, Institutional Share, Class R Share, Class IR Share and Service Share of a Fund represents a proportionate interest in the assets belonging to the applicable class of the Fund. All expenses of a Fund are borne at the same rate by each class of shares, except that fees under the Service Plan and Shareholder Administration Plan are borne exclusively by Service Shares, fees under Distribution and Service Plans (together with the Service Plan and Shareholder Administration Plan, the “Plans”) are borne exclusively by Class A, Class B, Class C or Class R Shares and transfer agency fees and expenses are borne at different rates by different share classes. The Trustees may determine in the future that it is appropriate to allocate other expenses differently among classes of shares and may do so to the extent consistent with the rules of the SEC and positions of the IRS. Each class of shares may have different minimum investment requirements and be entitled to different shareholder services. With limited exceptions, shares of a class may only be exchanged for shares of the same or an equivalent class of another fund. See “Shareholder Guide” in the Prospectuses and “OTHER INFORMATION REGARDING MAXIMUM SALES CHARGE, PURCHASES, REDEMPTIONS, EXCHANGES AND DIVIDENDS” below. In addition, the fees and expenses set forth below for each class may be subject to voluntary fee waivers or reimbursements, as discussed more fully in the Funds’ Prospectuses.

Class A Shares are sold, with an initial sales charge of up to 5.5%, through brokers and dealers who are members of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and certain other financial service firms that have sales agreements with Goldman Sachs. Class A Shares bear the cost of distribution fees at the aggregate rate of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of such Class A Shares. With respect to Class A Shares, the distributor at its discretion may use compensation for distribution services paid under the Distribution and Service Plan for personal and account maintenance services and expenses so long as such total compensation under the Plan does not exceed the maximum cap on “service fees” imposed by FINRA.

Prior to November 2, 2009, Class B Shares of the Funds were sold subject to a contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) of up to 5.0% through brokers and dealers who are members of FINRA and certain other financial services firms that have sales arrangements with Goldman Sachs. Class B Shares bear the cost of distribution (Rule 12b-1) fees at the aggregate rate of up to 0.75% of the average daily net assets attributable to Class B Shares. Class B Shares also bear the cost of service fees at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets attributable to Class B Shares.

Class C Shares of the Funds are sold subject to a CDSC of up to 1.0% through brokers and dealers who are members of FINRA and certain other financial services firms that have sales arrangements with Goldman Sachs. Class C Shares bear the cost of distribution (Rule 12b-1) fees at the aggregate rate of up to 0.75% of the average daily net assets attributable to Class C Shares. Class C Shares also bear the cost of service fees at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets attributable to Class C Shares.

Institutional Shares may be purchased at net asset value without a sales charge for accounts in the name of an investor or institution that is not compensated by a Fund under a Plan for services provided to the institution’s customers.

Service Shares may be purchased at net asset value without a sales charge for accounts held in the name of an institution that, directly or indirectly, provides certain shareholder administration services and shareholder liaison services to its customers, including maintenance of account records and processing orders to purchase, redeem and exchange Service Shares. Service Shares bear the cost of service fees and shareholder administration fees at the annual rate of up to 0.25% and 0.25%, respectively, of the average daily net assets of the Fund attributable to Service Shares.

Class IR and Class R Shares are sold at net asset value without a sales charge. As noted in the Prospectuses, Class IR and Class R Shares are not sold directly to the public. Instead, Class IR and Class R Shares generally are available only to Section 401(k) plans, 403(b), 457, profit sharing, money purchase pension, tax-sheltered annuity, defined benefit pension, non-qualified deferred compensation plans and non-qualified pension plans or other employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) or SIMPLE plans that are sponsored by one or more employers (including governmental or church employers) or employee organizations (“Employee Benefit Plans”). Such an Employee Benefit Plan must purchase Class IR or Class R Shares through a plan level or omnibus account. Class IR Shares may also be sold to accounts established under a fee-based program that is sponsored and maintained by a registered broker-dealer or other financial intermediary that is approved by Goldman Sachs (“Eligible Fee-Based Program”). Class IR and R Shares are not available to traditional and Roth Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), SEPs and SARSEPs; except that Class IR Shares are available to such accounts or plans to the extent they are purchased through an Eligible Fee-Based Program. Participants in an Employee Benefit Plan should contact their Employee Benefit Plan service provider for information regarding purchases, sales and exchanges of Class IR and Class R Shares. Class R Shares bear the cost of distribution (Rule 12b-1) fees at the aggregate rate of up to 0.50% of the average daily net assets attributable to Class R Shares. With respect to Class R Shares the distributor at its discretion may use compensation for distribution services paid under the Distribution and Service Plan for personal and account maintenance services and expenses so long as such total compensation under the Plan does not exceed the maximum cap on “service fees” imposed by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”).

It is possible that an institution or its affiliate may offer different classes of shares (i.e., Institutional, Service, Class R, Class IR, Class A, Class B and Class C Shares) to its customers and thus receive different compensation with respect to different classes of shares of each Fund. Dividends paid by each Fund, if any, with respect to each class of shares will be calculated in the same manner, at the same time on the same day and will be the same amount, except for differences caused by the fact that the respective transfer agency and Plan fees relating to a particular class will be borne exclusively by that class. Similarly, the net asset value per share may differ depending upon the class of shares purchased.

 

B-90


Certain aspects of the shares may be altered after advance notice to shareholders if it is deemed necessary in order to satisfy certain tax regulatory requirements.

When issued for the consideration described in the Funds’ Prospectuses, shares are fully paid and non-assessable. The Trustees may, however, cause shareholders, or shareholders of a particular series or class, to pay certain custodian, transfer agency, servicing or similar charges by setting off the same against declared but unpaid dividends or by reducing share ownership (or by both means). In the event of liquidation, shareholders are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets of the applicable class of the relevant Fund available for distribution to such shareholders. All shares are freely transferable and have no preemptive, subscription or conversion rights. The Trustees may require shareholders to redeem Shares for any reason under terms set by the Trustees.

The Act requires that where more than one series of shares exists, each series must be preferred over all other series in respect of assets specifically allocated to such series. In addition, Rule 18f-2 under the Act provides that any matter required to be submitted by the provisions of the Act or applicable state law, or otherwise, to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such as the Trust shall not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of each series affected by such matter. Rule 18f-2 further provides that a series shall be deemed to be affected by a matter unless the interests of each series in the matter are substantially identical or the matter does not affect any interest of such series. However, Rule 18f-2 exempts the selection of independent public accountants, the approval of principal distribution contracts and the election of trustees from the separate voting requirements of Rule 18f-2.

The Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of shareholders and does not intend to hold such meetings. In the event that a meeting of shareholders is held, each share of the Trust will be entitled, as determined by the Trustees without the vote or consent of the shareholders, either to one vote for each share or to one vote for each dollar of net asset value represented by such share on all matters presented to shareholders including the election of Trustees (this method of voting being referred to as “dollar based voting”). However, to the extent required by the Act or otherwise determined by the Trustees, series and classes of the Trust will vote separately from each other. Shareholders of the Trust do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of Trustees. Meetings of shareholders of the Trust, or any series or class thereof, may be called by the Trustees, certain officers or upon the written request of holders of 10% or more of the shares entitled to vote at such meetings. The Trustees will call a special meeting of shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees, if, at any time, less than a majority of Trustees holding office at the time were elected by shareholders. The shareholders of the Trust will have voting rights only with respect to the limited number of matters specified in the Declaration of Trust and such other matters as the Trustees may determine or may be required by law.

The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification of Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust unless the recipient is adjudicated (i) to be liable by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office or (ii) not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such person’s actions were in the best interest of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust provides that, if any shareholder or former shareholder of any series is held personally liable solely by reason of being or having been a shareholder and not because of the shareholder’s acts or omissions or for some other reason, the shareholder or former shareholder (or the shareholder’s heirs, executors, administrators, legal representatives or general successors) shall be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability. The Trust, acting on behalf of any affected series, must, upon request by such shareholder, assume the defense of any claim made against such shareholder for any act or obligation of the series and satisfy any judgment thereon from the assets of the series.

The Declaration of Trust permits the termination of the Trust or of any series or class of the Trust (i) by a majority of the affected shareholders at a meeting of shareholders of the Trust, series or class; or (ii) by a majority of the Trustees without shareholder approval if the Trustees determine, in their sole discretion, that such action is in the best interest of the Trust, such series, such class or their respective shareholders. The Trustees may consider such factors as they, in their sole discretion, deem appropriate in making such determination, including (i) the inability of the Trust or any series or class to maintain its assets at an appropriate size; (ii) changes in laws or regulations governing the Trust, series, or class or affecting assets of the type in which it invests; or (iii) economic developments or trends having a significant adverse impact on the business or operations of the Trust or series.

The Declaration of Trust authorizes the Trustees, without shareholder approval, to cause the Trust, or any series thereof, to merge or consolidate with any corporation, association, trust or other organization or sell or exchange all or substantially all of the property belonging to the Trust or any series thereof. In addition, the Trustees, without shareholder approval, may adopt a master-feeder structure by investing all or a portion of the assets of a series of the Trust in the securities of another open-end investment company with substantially the same investment objective, restrictions and policies.

The Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to amend the Declaration of Trust without a shareholder vote. However, shareholders of the Trust have the right to vote on any amendment (i) that would adversely affect the voting rights of shareholders; (ii) that is required by law to be approved by shareholders; (iii) that would amend the provisions of the Declaration of Trust regarding amendments and supplements thereto; or (iv) that the Trustees determine to submit to shareholders.

 

B-91


The Trustees may appoint separate Trustees with respect to one or more series or classes of the Trust’s shares (the “Series Trustees”). Series Trustees may, but are not required to, serve as Trustees of the Trust or any other series or class of the Trust. To the extent provided by the Trustees in the appointment of Series Trustees, the Series Trustees may have, to the exclusion of any other Trustees of the Trust, all the powers and authorities of Trustees under the Declaration of Trust with respect to such Series or Class, but may have no power or authority with respect to any other series or class.

Shareholder and Trustee Liability

Under Delaware Law, the shareholders of the Funds are not generally subject to liability for the debts or obligations of the Trust. Similarly, Delaware law provides that a series of the Trust will not be liable for the debts or obligations of any other series of the Trust. However, no similar statutory or other authority limiting statutory trust shareholder liability exists in other states. As a result, to the extent that a Delaware statutory trust or a shareholder is subject to the jurisdiction of courts of such other states, the courts may not apply Delaware law and may thereby subject the Delaware statutory trust shareholders to liability. To guard against this risk, the Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of a series. Notice of such disclaimer will normally be given in each agreement, obligation or instrument entered into or executed by a series of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification by the relevant series for all loss suffered by a shareholder as a result of an obligation of the series. The Declaration of Trust also provides that a series shall, upon request, assume the defense of any claim made against any shareholder for any act or obligation of the series and satisfy any judgment thereon. In view of the above, the risk of personal liability of shareholders of a Delaware statutory trust is remote.

In addition to the requirements under Delaware law, the Declaration of Trust provides that shareholders of a series may bring a derivative action on behalf of the series only if the following conditions are met: (a) shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under Delaware law who hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series, or 10% of the outstanding shares of the class to which such action relates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (b) the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees will be entitled to retain counsel or other advisers in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the shareholders making such request to reimburse the series for the expense of any such advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law, but nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against liability to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.

TAXATION

The following is a summary of certain additional U.S. federal income, and state and local, tax considerations regarding the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares in each Fund of the Trust that are not described in the Prospectus. This summary does not address special tax rules applicable to certain classes of investors, such as tax-exempt entities, insurance companies and financial institutions. Each prospective shareholder is urged to consult his or her own tax adviser with respect to the specific federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of investing in each Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on February 28, 2012, which are subject to change.

Fund Taxation

Each Fund is treated as a separate taxable entity. Each Fund has elected to be treated and intends to qualify for each taxable year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1, of the Code.

There are certain tax requirements that each Fund must follow if it is to avoid federal taxation. In their efforts to adhere to these requirements, the Funds may have to limit their investment activities in some types of instruments. Qualification as a regulated investment company under the Code requires, among other things, that (1) the Fund derive at least 90% of its gross income (including tax-exempt interest) for each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stocks or securities or foreign currencies or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, and forward contracts) derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in such stocks, securities or currencies or net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (the “90% gross income test”); and (2) the Fund diversify its holdings so that at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the fair market value of the Fund’s total (gross) assets is comprised of cash, cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of such Fund’s total assets and not

 

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more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total (gross) assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government Securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), two or more issuers controlled by the Fund and engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses or certain publicly traded partnerships.

For purposes of the 90% gross income test, income that a Fund earns from equity interests in certain entities that are not treated as corporations for U.S. tax purposes will generally have the same character for the Fund as in the hands of such an entity; consequently, a Fund may be required to limit its equity investments in such entities that earn fee income, rental income or other nonqualifying income. In addition, future Treasury regulations could provide that qualifying income under the 90% gross income test will not include gains from foreign currency transactions that are not directly related to a Fund’s principal business of investing in stock or securities or options and futures with respect to stock or securities. Using foreign currency positions or entering into foreign currency options, futures and forward or swap contracts for purposes other than hedging currency risk with respect to securities in a Fund’s portfolio or anticipated to be acquired may not qualify as “directly-related” under these tests.

If a Fund complies with the provisions discussed above, then in any taxable year in which the Fund distributes, in compliance with the Code’s timing and other requirements, an amount at least equal to the sum of 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (which includes dividends, taxable interest, taxable accrued original issue discount and market discount income, income from securities lending, any net short-term capital gain in excess of net long-term capital loss, certain net realized foreign exchange gains and any other taxable income other than “net capital gain,” as defined below, and is reduced by deductible expenses), plus 90% of the excess of its gross tax-exempt interest income (if any) over certain disallowed deductions, the Fund (but not its shareholders) will be relieved of federal income tax on any income of the Fund, including long-term capital gains, distributed to shareholders. However, if a Fund retains any investment company taxable income or “net capital gain” (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), it will be subject to a tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. Because there are some uncertainties regarding the computation of the amounts deemed distributed to Fund shareholders for these purposes – including, in particular, uncertainties regarding the portion, if any, of amounts paid in redemption of Fund shares that should be treated as such distributions – there can be no assurance that each Fund will avoid corporate-level tax in each year.

Each Fund generally intends to distribute for each taxable year to its shareholders all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income, net capital gain and any net tax-exempt interest. Exchange control or other foreign laws, regulations or practices may restrict repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of securities sales by foreign investors such as the Concentrated International Equity, International Small Cap, Emerging Markets Equity, Asia Equity, BRIC, Strategic International Equity, N-11 Equity, Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds and may therefore make it more difficult for such a Fund to satisfy the distribution requirements described above, as well as the excise tax distribution requirements described below. Each Fund generally expects, however, to be able to obtain sufficient cash to satisfy those requirements from new investors, the sale of securities or other sources. If for any taxable year a Fund does not qualify as a regulated investment company, it will be taxed on all of its taxable income and net capital gain at corporate rates, without any deduction for dividends paid, and its distributions to shareholders will be taxable as ordinary dividends to the extent of its current and accumulated earnings and profits.

If a Fund retains any net capital gain, the Fund may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (1) if subject to U.S. federal income tax on long-term capital gains, will be required to include in income for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of that undistributed amount, and (2) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds those liabilities. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by the amount of any such undistributed net capital gain included in the shareholder’s gross income and decreased by the federal income tax paid by the Fund on that amount of net capital gain.

To avoid a 4% federal excise tax, each Fund must distribute (or be deemed to have distributed) by December 31 of each calendar year at least 98% of its taxable ordinary income for the calendar year, at least 98.2% of the excess of its capital gains over its capital losses (generally computed on the basis of the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year), and all taxable ordinary income and the excess of capital gains over capital losses for all previous years that were not distributed for those years and on which the Fund paid no federal income tax. For federal income tax purposes, dividends declared by a Fund in October, November or December to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month and paid during January of the following year are taxable to such shareholders, and deductible by the Fund, as if paid on December 31 of the year declared. Each Fund anticipates that it will generally make timely distributions of income and capital gains in compliance with these requirements so that it will generally not be required to pay the excise tax.

For federal income tax purposes, each Fund is generally permitted to carry forward a net capital loss in any year to offset its own capital gains. Each Fund will generally be able to carry forward net capital losses incurred in tax years beginning after December 22, 2010 indefinitely. These amounts are available to be carried forward to offset future capital gains to the extent permitted by the Code and applicable tax regulations. As of October 31, 2011, the following Funds had capital loss carryforwards approximating the amounts indicated, expiring in the years indicated:

 

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Fund

   Capital Loss
Carryforward
     Expiration

Income Builder Fund

   $ 6,866,217       2018

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

    

 

207,558,819

382,249,557

  

  

   2016

2017

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

    

 

13,532,334

197,412,911

  

  

   2016

2017

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

    

 

242,849,964

340,520,322

  

  

   2016

2017

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

    

 

49,521,182

163,876,125

  

  

   2016

2017

Structured Small Cap Value Fund

    

 

20,304,308

40,600,516

  

  

   2016

2017

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

    

 

3,583,472

9,368,246

  

  

   2016

2017

Structured International Equity Fund

    

 

 

455,911,785

940,883,655

5,134,101

  

  

  

   2016

2017

2019

Structured International Small Cap Fund

    

 

5,458,844

21,285,839

  

  

   2016

2017

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     38,211,138       2017

Concentrated International Equity Fund

    

 

 

112,531,656

106,107,378

9,250,431

  

  

  

   2016

2017

2019

International Small Cap Fund

    

 

16,365,954

19,170,113

  

  

   2016

2017

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

    

 

30,288,056

445,745,035

  

  

   2016

2017

Asia Equity Fund

     22,045,430       2017

BRIC Fund

    

 

47,073,350

151,677,917

  

  

   2016

2017

Strategic International Equity Fund

    

 

27,734,642

28,233,535

  

  

   2016

2017

N-11 Equity Fund

     1,311,478       Perpetual  Short-Term1

Brazil Equity Fund

     182,252       Perpetual  Short-Term1

China Equity Fund

     369,960       Perpetual  Short-Term1

India Equity Fund

     96,303       Perpetual  Short-Term1

Korea Equity Fund

     0       N/A

 

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1 Under new tax rules, capital losses recognized in tax years beginning after December 22, 2010, that do not offset recognized capital gains, may be carried over to future years perpetually, and retain their character as either short-term or long-term that can offset recognized capital gains in such future years. Previously, all capital loss carryovers were treated as short-term and such carryovers generally expired eight years after the initial loss arose. Perpetual capital loss carryovers are required to be utilized prior to expiring capital loss carryovers.

Gains and losses on the sale, lapse, or other termination of options and futures contracts, options thereon and certain forward contracts (except certain foreign currency options, forward contracts and futures contracts) will generally be treated as capital gains and losses. Certain of the futures contracts, forward contracts and options held by a Fund will be required to be “marked-to-market” for federal income tax purposes — that is, treated as having been sold at their fair market value on the last day of the Fund’s taxable year (or, for excise tax purposes, on the last day of the relevant period). These provisions may require a Fund to recognize income or gains without a concurrent receipt of cash. Any gain or loss recognized on actual or deemed sales of these futures contracts, forward contracts, or options will (except for certain foreign currency options, forward contracts, and futures contracts) be treated as 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. As a result of certain hedging transactions entered into by a Fund, it may be required to defer the recognition of losses on futures contracts, forward contracts, and options or underlying securities or foreign currencies to the extent of any unrecognized gains on related positions held by the Fund, and the characterization of gains or losses as long-term or short-term may be changed. The tax provisions described in this paragraph may affect the amount, timing and character of a Fund’s distributions to shareholders. The application of certain requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company and the application of certain other tax rules may be unclear in some respects in connection with certain investment practices such as dollar rolls, or investments in certain derivatives, including interest rate swaps, floors, caps and collars, currency swaps, total return swaps, mortgage swaps, index swaps, forward contracts and structured notes. As a result, a Fund may therefore be required to limit its investments in such transactions and it is also possible that the IRS may not agree with a Fund’s tax treatment of such transactions. In addition, the tax treatment of derivatives, and certain other investments, may be affected by future legislation, Treasury Regulations and guidance issued by the IRS that could affect the timing, character and amount of a Fund’s income and gains and distributions to shareholders. Certain tax elections may be available to a Fund to mitigate some of the unfavorable consequences described in this paragraph.

Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to certain foreign currency transactions and instruments which may affect the amount, timing and character of income, gain or loss recognized by a Fund. Under these rules, foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign currencies and certain futures and options thereon, foreign currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts, and foreign currency-denominated payables and receivables will generally be treated as ordinary income or loss, although in some cases elections may be available that would alter this treatment. If a net foreign exchange loss treated as ordinary loss under Section 988 of the Code were to exceed a Fund’s investment company taxable income (computed without regard to such loss) for a taxable year, the resulting loss would not be deductible by the Fund or its shareholders in future years. Net loss, if any, from certain foreign currency transactions or instruments could exceed net investment income otherwise calculated for accounting purposes, with the result being either no dividends being paid or a portion of a Fund’s dividends being treated as a return of capital for tax purposes, nontaxable to the extent of a shareholder’s tax basis in his shares and, once such basis is exhausted, generally giving rise to capital gains.

A Fund’s investment in zero coupon securities, deferred interest securities, certain structured securities or other securities bearing original issue discount or, if a Fund elects to include market discount in income currently, market discount, as well as any “marked-to-market” gain from certain options, futures or forward contracts, as described above, will in many cases cause it to realize income or gain before the receipt of cash payments with respect to these securities or contracts. For a Fund to obtain cash to enable the Fund to distribute any such income or gain, maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid federal income and excise taxes, a Fund may be required to liquidate portfolio investments sooner than it might otherwise have done.

Investments in lower-rated securities may present special tax issues for a Fund to the extent actual or anticipated defaults may be more likely with respect to such securities. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when a Fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount, or market discount; when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities; how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income; and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a workout context are taxable. These and other issues will generally need to be addressed by a Fund, if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to eliminate or minimize any adverse tax consequences.

 

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If a Fund acquires stock (including, under proposed regulations, an option to acquire stock such as is inherent in a convertible bond) in certain foreign corporations (“passive foreign investment companies”), that receive at least 75% of their annual gross income from passive sources (such as interest, dividends, rents, royalties or capital gain) or hold at least 50% of their assets in investments producing such passive income, the Fund could be subject to federal income tax and additional interest charges on “excess distributions” received from those companies or gain from the sale of stock in those companies, even if all income or gain actually received by the Fund is timely distributed to its shareholders. The Fund would not be able to pass through to its shareholders any credit or deduction for such a tax. In some cases, elections may be available that would ameliorate these adverse tax consequences, but those elections would require the Fund to include each year certain amounts as income or gain (subject to the distribution requirements described above) without a concurrent receipt of cash. Each Fund may attempt to limit and/or to manage its holdings in passive foreign investment companies to minimize its tax liability or maximize its return from these investments.

If a Fund invests in certain REITs or in REMIC residual interests, a portion of the Fund’s income may be classified as “excess inclusion income.” A shareholder that is otherwise not subject to tax may be taxable on their share of any such excess inclusion income as “unrelated business taxable income.” In addition, tax may be imposed on a Fund on the portion of any excess inclusion income allocable to any shareholders that are classified as disqualified organizations.

Foreign Taxes

Each Fund anticipates that it may be subject to foreign taxes on income (possibly including, in some cases, capital gains) from foreign securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate those foreign taxes in some cases. If, as may occur for the International Equity and Structured Equity International Funds, more than 50% of a Fund’s total assets at the close of a taxable year consists of stock or securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may file an election with the IRS pursuant to which the shareholders of the Fund will be required (1) to report as dividend income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received) their pro rata shares of foreign income taxes paid by the Fund that are treated as income taxes under U.S. tax regulations (which excludes, for example, stamp taxes, securities transaction taxes, and similar taxes) even though not actually received by those shareholders, and (2) to treat those respective pro rata shares as foreign income taxes paid by them, which they can claim either as a foreign tax credit, subject to applicable limitations, against their U.S. federal income tax liability or as an itemized deduction. (Shareholders who do not itemize deductions for federal income tax purposes will not, however, be able to deduct their pro rata portion of foreign taxes paid by a Fund, although those shareholders will be required to include their share of such taxes in gross income if the foregoing election is made by the Fund.)

If a shareholder chooses to take credit for the foreign taxes deemed paid by such shareholder as a result of any such election by the International Equity and Structured Equity International Funds, the amount of the credit that may be claimed in any year may not exceed the same proportion of the U.S. tax against which such credit is taken which the shareholder’s taxable income from foreign sources (but not in excess of the shareholder’s entire taxable income) bears to his entire taxable income. For this purpose, distributions from long-term and short-term capital gains or foreign currency gains by a Fund will generally not be treated as income from foreign sources. This foreign tax credit limitation may also be applied separately to certain specific categories of foreign-source income and the related foreign taxes. As a result of these rules, which have different effects depending upon each shareholder’s particular tax situation, certain shareholders of the International Equity or Structured Equity International Funds may not be able to claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by such Fund even if the election is made by that Fund.

Shareholders who are not liable for U.S. federal income taxes, including retirement plans, other tax-exempt shareholders and non-U.S. shareholders, will ordinarily not benefit from the foregoing Fund election with respect to foreign taxes. Each year, if any, that the International Equity or Structured Equity International Funds file the election described above, shareholders will be notified of the amount of (1) each shareholder’s pro rata share of qualified foreign taxes paid by the Fund and (2) the portion of Fund dividends that represents income from foreign sources. The other Funds will not be entitled to elect to pass foreign taxes and associated credits or deductions through to their shareholders because they will not satisfy the 50% requirement described above. If a Fund cannot or does not make this election, it may deduct its foreign taxes in computing the amount it is required to distribute.

Country-Specific Taxes: India

A tax of 10% plus surcharges is currently imposed on gains from sales of equities held not more than one year and sold on a recognized stock exchange in India. There is no tax on gains from sales of equities held for more than one year and sold on a recognized stock exchange in India. Gains from sales of equity securities in other cases are taxed at a rate of 30% plus surcharges (for securities held not more than one year) and 10% (for securities held for more than one year). Securities transaction tax applies for specified transactions at specified rates. India imposes a tax on interest on securities at a rate of 20% plus surcharges. This tax is imposed on the investor. India imposes a tax on dividends paid by an Indian company at a rate of 12.5% plus surcharges. This tax is imposed on the company that pays the dividends. The Investment Adviser will take into account the effects of local taxation on investment returns. In the past, these taxes have sometimes been substantial.

 

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The India Equity Fund may invest in a wholly-owned subsidiary organized as a company under the laws of Mauritius (the “Subsidiary”) and will seek to obtain benefits from favorable tax treatment by the Indian government pursuant to a tax treaty between India and the Republic of Mauritius. The Supreme Court of India has upheld the validity of a tax treaty with respect to entities such as the India Equity Fund and the Subsidiary. However, there can be no assurance that any future challenge will result in a favorable outcome, or that the terms of a treaty will not be subject to re-negotiation or a different interpretation, or that the Subsidiary’s favorable tax treatment will continue. Any change in the provisions of a tax treaty or in its applicability to the Subsidiary could result in the imposition of withholding and other taxes on the Subsidiary by India, which would reduce the return to the India Equity Fund on its investments. Certain shareholders, including some non-U.S. shareholders, are not entitled to the benefit of a deduction or credit with respect to foreign taxes paid by the India Equity Fund, which the Fund intends to elect to pass through to its shareholders.

Non-U.S. Shareholders

The discussion above relates solely to U.S. federal income tax law as it applies to “U.S. persons” subject to tax under such law.

Except as discussed below, distributions to shareholders who, as to the United States, are not “U.S. persons,” (i.e., are nonresident aliens, foreign corporations, fiduciaries of foreign trusts or estates, foreign partnerships or other non-U.S. investors) generally will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at the rate of 30% on distributions treated as ordinary income unless the tax is reduced or eliminated pursuant to a tax treaty or the distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the shareholder; but distributions of net capital gain (the excess of any net long-term capital gains over any net short-term capital losses) including amounts retained by a Fund which are designated as undistributed capital gains, to such a non-U.S. shareholder will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax unless the distributions are effectively connected with the shareholder’s trade or business in the United States or, in the case of a shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual, the shareholder is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met. Non-U.S. shareholders may also be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax on deemed income resulting from any election by the International Equity and Structured Equity International Funds to treat qualified foreign taxes it pays as passed through to shareholders (as described above), but they may not be able to claim a U.S. tax credit or deduction with respect to such taxes.

Under a temporary position, which is in effect for taxable years of a Fund beginning before January 1, 2012, non-U.S. shareholders generally are not subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding on certain distributions of interest income and/or short-term capital gains that are designated by a Fund. It is expected that the Funds will generally make designation of short-term gains, to the extent permitted, but the Funds do not intend to make designations of any distributions attributable to interest income. As a result, U.S. tax withholding would apply to distributions attributable to interest income, dividends and other investment income earned by a Fund and would also apply to distributions of short-term gains for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2011, unless Congress extends the above provision.

Any capital gain realized by a non-U.S. shareholder upon a sale or redemption of shares of a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax unless the gain is effectively connected with the shareholder’s trade or business in the U.S., or in the case of a shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual, the shareholder is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met.

Non-U.S. persons who fail to furnish a Fund with the proper IRS Form W-8 (i.e., W-8BEN, W-8ECI, W-8IMY or W-8EXP), or an acceptable substitute, may be subject to backup withholding at a 28% (scheduled to increase to 31% after 2012) rate on dividends (including capital gain dividends) and on the proceeds of redemptions and exchanges.

Also, non-U.S. shareholders of a Fund may be subject to U.S. estate tax with respect to their Fund shares.

Effective January 1, 2013, the Funds will be required to withhold U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) on payments of dividends and redemption proceeds made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply with extensive new reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to the Funds to enable the Funds to determine whether withholding is required.

Each shareholder who is not a U.S. person should consult his or her tax adviser regarding the U.S. and non-U.S. tax consequences of ownership of shares of, and receipt of distributions from, the Funds.

State and Local Taxes

Each Fund may be subject to state or local taxes in jurisdictions in which the Fund is deemed to be doing business. In addition, in those states or localities that impose income taxes, the treatment of such a Fund and its shareholders under those jurisdictions’ tax laws may differ from the treatment under federal income tax laws, and an investment in such a Fund may have tax consequences for shareholders that are different from those of a direct investment in such Fund’s portfolio securities. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers concerning state and local tax matters.

 

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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The audited financial statements and related reports of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, contained in each Fund’s October 31, 2011 Annual Report are hereby incorporated by reference. The financial statements in each Fund’s Annual Report have been incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given upon the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing. No other parts of any Annual Report are incorporated by reference herein. A copy of the Annual Reports may be obtained upon request and without charge by writing Goldman, Sachs & Co., P.O. Box 06050, Chicago, Illinois 60606 or by calling Goldman, Sachs & Co., at the telephone number on the back cover of each Fund’s Prospectus.

PROXY VOTING

The Trust, on behalf of the Funds, has delegated the voting of portfolio securities to the Investment Advisers. For client accounts for which the Investment Advisers have voting discretion, the Investment Advisers have adopted policies and procedures (the “Proxy Voting Policy”) for the voting of proxies. Under the Proxy Voting Policy, the Investment Advisers’ guiding principles in performing proxy voting are to make decisions that favor proposals that tend to maximize a company’s shareholder value and are not influenced by conflicts of interest. To implement these guiding principles for investments in publicly-traded equities, the Investment Advisers have developed customized proxy voting guidelines (the “Guidelines”) that they generally apply when voting on behalf of client accounts. Attached as Appendix B is a summary of the Guidelines. These Guidelines address a wide variety of individual topics, including, among other matters, shareholder voting rights, anti-takeover defenses, board structures, the election of directors, executive and director compensation, reorganizations, mergers, issues of corporate social responsibility and various shareholder proposals.

The Proxy Voting Policy, including the Guidelines, is reviewed periodically to ensure that it continues to be consistent with the Investment Advisers’ guiding principles. The Guidelines embody the positions and factors the Investment Advisers generally consider important in casting proxy votes.

The Investment Advisers have retained a third-party proxy voting service (“Proxy Service”), currently Institutional Shareholder Services, to assist in the implementation and administration of certain proxy voting-related functions including, without limitation, operational, recordkeeping and reporting services. The Proxy Service also prepares a written analysis and recommendation (a “Recommendation”) of each proxy vote that reflects the Proxy Service’s application of the Guidelines to particular proxy issues. While it is the Investment Advisers’ policy generally to follow the Guidelines and Recommendations from the Proxy Service, the Investment Advisers’ portfolio management teams (“Portfolio Management Teams”) may on certain proxy votes seek approval to diverge from the Guidelines or a Recommendation by following an “override” process. Such decisions are subject to a review and approval process, including a determination that the decision is not influenced by any conflict of interest. A Portfolio Management Team that receives approval through the override process to cast a proxy vote that diverges from the Guidelines and/or a Recommendation may vote differently than other Portfolio Management Teams that did not seek to override that vote. In forming their views on particular matters, the Portfolio Management Teams are also permitted to consider applicable regional rules and practices, including codes of conduct and other guides, regarding proxy voting, in addition to the Guidelines and Recommendations. The Investment Advisers may hire other service providers to replace or supplement the Proxy Service with respect to any of the services the Investment Advisers currently receive from the Proxy Service.

From time to time, the Investment Advisers may face regulatory, compliance, legal or logistical limits with respect to voting securities that it may purchase or hold for client accounts, which can affect the Investment Advisers’ ability to vote such proxies, as well as the desirability of voting such proxies. Among other limits, federal, state and foreign regulatory restrictions or company specific ownership limits, as well as legal matters related to consolidated groups, may restrict the total percentage of an issuer’s voting securities that the Investment Advisers can hold for clients and the nature of the Investment Advisers’ voting in such securities. The Investment Advisers’ ability to vote proxies may also be affected by, among other things: (i) late receipt of meeting notices; (ii) requirements to vote proxies in person: (iii) restrictions on a foreigner’s ability to exercise votes; (iv) potential difficulties in translating the proxy; (v) requirements to provide local agents with unrestricted powers of attorney to facilitate voting instructions; and (vi) requirements that investors who exercise their voting rights surrender the right to dispose of their holdings for some specified period in proximity to the shareholder meeting.

GSAM conducts periodic due diligence meetings with the Proxy Service which include, but are not limited to, a review of the Proxy Service’s general organizational structure, new developments with respect to research and technology, work flow improvements and internal due diligence with respect to conflicts of interest.

 

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The Investment Advisers have adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing its proxy voting decisions that the Investment Advisers make on behalf of a client account and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with the Investment Advisers’ fiduciary obligations to its clients. These policies and procedures include the Investment Advisers’ use of the Guidelines and Recommendations from the Proxy Service, the override approval process previously discussed, and the establishment of information barriers between the Investment Advisers and other businesses within The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, actual proxy voting decisions of the Investment Advisers may have the effect of benefitting the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of Goldman Sachs and/or its affiliates, provided that the Investment Advisers believe such voting decisions to be in accordance with their fiduciary obligations.

Voting decisions with respect to fixed income securities and the securities of privately held issuers generally will be made by a Fund’s managers based on their assessment of the particular transactions or other matters at issue.

Information regarding how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available on or through the Funds’ website at www.goldmansachsfunds.com and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

PAYMENTS TO INTERMEDIARIES

The Investment Adviser, Distributor and/or their affiliates may make payments to Intermediaries from time to time to promote the sale, distribution and/or servicing of shares of the Funds. These payments (“Additional Payments”) are made out of the Investment Adviser’s, Distributor’s and/or their affiliates’ own assets (which may come directly or indirectly from fees paid by the Funds), are not an additional charge to the Funds or their shareholders, and do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of a Fund’s shares or the amount a Fund receives as proceeds from such purchases. Although paid by the Investment Advisor, Distributor, and/or their affiliates, the Additional Payments are in addition to the distribution and service fees paid by the Funds to the Intermediaries as described in the Funds’ Prospectuses and this SAI, and are also in addition to the sales commissions payable to Intermediaries as set forth in the Prospectuses. For purposes of this “Payments to Intermediaries” section, “Funds” shall mean, collectively, the Funds and any of the other Goldman Sachs Funds.

The Additional Payments are intended to compensate Intermediaries for, among other things: marketing shares of the Funds, which may consist of payments relating to Funds included on preferred or recommended fund lists or in certain sales programs from time to time sponsored by the Intermediaries; access to the Intermediaries’ registered representatives or salespersons, including at conferences and other meetings; assistance in training and education of personnel; “finders” or “referral fees” for directing investors to the Funds; marketing support fees for providing assistance in promoting the sale of Fund shares (which may include promotions in communications with the Intermediaries’ customers, registered representatives and salespersons); and/or other specified services intended to assist in the distribution and marketing of the Funds. In addition, the Investment Adviser, Distributor and/or their affiliates may make Additional Payments (including through sub-transfer agency and networking agreements) for subaccounting, administrative and/or shareholder processing services that are in addition to the transfer agent, shareholder administration, servicing and processing fees paid by the Funds. These Additional Payments may exceed amounts earned on these assets by the Investment Adviser, Distributor and/or their affiliates for the performance of these or similar services. The Additional Payments may be a fixed dollar amount; may be based on the number of customer accounts maintained by an Intermediary; may be based on a percentage of the value of shares sold to, or held by, customers of the Intermediary involved; or may be calculated on another basis. The Additional Payments are negotiated with each Intermediary based on a range of factors, including but not limited to the Intermediary’s ability to attract and retain assets (including particular classes of Fund shares), target markets, customer relationships, quality of service and industry reputation. Although the individual components may be higher or lower and the total amount of Additional Payments made to any Intermediary in any given year will vary, the amount of these Additional Payments (excluding payments made through sub-transfer agency and networking agreements), on average, is normally not expected to exceed 0.50% (annualized) of the amount sold or invested through an Intermediary.

These Additional Payments may be significant to certain Intermediaries, and may be an important factor in an Intermediary’s willingness to support the sale of the Funds through its distribution system.

The Investment Adviser, Distributor and/or their affiliates may be motivated to make Additional Payments since they promote the sale of Fund shares to clients of Intermediaries and the retention of those investments by those clients. To the extent Intermediaries sell more shares of the Funds or retain shares of the Funds in their clients’ accounts, the Investment Adviser and Distributor benefit from the incremental management and other fees paid by the Funds with respect to those assets.

 

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In addition, certain Intermediaries may have access to certain research and investment services from the Investment Adviser, Distributor and/or their affiliates. Such research and investment services (“Additional Services”) may include research reports, economic analysis, portfolio analysis tools, business planning services, certain marketing and investor education materials and strategic asset allocation modeling. The Intermediary may not pay for these products or services. The cost of the Additional Services and the particular services provided may vary from Intermediary to Intermediary.

The Additional Payments made by the Investment Adviser, Distributor and/or their affiliates or the Additional Services received by an Intermediary may vary with respect to the type of fund (e.g., equity, fund, fixed income fund, specialty fund, asset allocation portfolio or money market fund) sold by the Intermediary. In addition, the Additional Payment arrangements may include breakpoints in compensation which provide that the percentage rate of compensation varies as the dollar value of the amount sold or invested through an Intermediary increases.

The presence of these Additional Payments or Additional Services, the varying fee structure and the basis on which an Intermediary compensates its registered representatives or salespersons may create an incentive for a particular Intermediary, registered representative or salesperson to highlight, feature or recommend funds, including the Funds, or other investments based, at least in part, on the level of compensation paid. Additionally, if one mutual fund sponsor makes greater distribution payments than another, an Intermediary may have an incentive to recommend one fund complex over another. Similarly, if an Intermediary receives more distribution assistance for one share class versus another, that Intermediary may have an incentive to recommend that share class. Because Intermediaries may be paid varying amounts per class for sub-transfer agency and related recordkeeping services, the service requirements of which also may vary by class, this may create an additional incentive for financial firms and their financial advisors to favor one fund complex over another, or one fund class over another. You should consider whether such incentives exist when evaluating any recommendations from an Intermediary to purchase or sell Shares of the Funds and when considering which share class is most appropriate for you.

For the year ended December 31, 2011, the Investment Adviser, Distributor and their affiliates made Additional Payments out of their own assets to approximately 157 Intermediaries, totaling approximately $97.4 million (excluding payments made through sub-transfer agency and networking agreements and certain other types of payments described below), with respect to all of the funds of the Trust (including the Funds included in this Statement of Additional Information), all of the funds in an affiliated investment company, Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust, and the Goldman Sachs Credit Strategies Fund, an affiliated closed-end investment company. During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Investment Adviser, Distributor and/or their affiliates had contractual arrangements to make Additional Payments to the Intermediaries listed below (or their affiliates or successors), among others. This list will change over time, and any additions, modifications or deletions thereto that have occurred since December 31, 2011 are not reflected. Additional Intermediaries may receive payments in 2012 and in future years. Certain arrangements are still being negotiated, and there is a possibility that payments will be made retroactively to Intermediaries not listed below.

ADP Broker Dealer, Inc

American Enterprise Investment Services Inc

Allstate Life Insurance Co

Amalga Trust Company

Amalgamated Bank of Chicago

American National Trust and Investment Management Company (dba Old National Trust Company)

American United Life Insurance Co

Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc.

Ascensus, Inc

Associated Trust NA & Associated Investment Services Inc.

AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company

Banc of America Securities, LLC

BancorpSouth

Bank Hapoalim B.M.

Bank of New York

Bank of Oklahoma

Bankers Trust

Barclays Capital Inc.

BB&T Capital Markets

BMO Nesbitt Burns (Harris)

BOSC, Inc.

 

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Branch Banking & Trust Company

Brown Brothers Harriman & Co

C.M. Life Insurance Company

Financial Network Investment Corporation

Multi Financial Securities Corporation

PrimeVest Financial Services

Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.

Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Inc. and CME Shareholder Servicing, LLC.

Citibank N.A.

Citibank N.A.—Agency and Trust Department

Citigroup Global Markets, Inc.

Citigroup Private Bank at Citibank N.A.

Citizens Bank Wealth Management N.A.

Comerica Bank

Comerica Securities

Commerce Bank N.A.

Companion Life Insurance Company

Compass Bank

Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

Connecticut General Life Insurance Company

Daily Access Corporation

Dain Rauscher Inc.

Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas

DeWaay Financial Network LLC

Diversified Investment Advisors

Dubuque Bank & Trust

Edward D. Jones & Co., L.P.

Farmers New World Life Insurance Co.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC and National Financial Services LLC

Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company, Inc

Fifth Third Bank

First National Bank of Omaha

First Trust Corporation

Fulton Bank N.A.

Fulton Financial Advisors, National Association

GE Life and Annuity Assurance Company

Genworth Financial Trust Company

Great West Life & Annuity Insurance Company

Greatbanc Trustco

Guardian Insurance and Annuity Company, Inc

GWFS Equities, Inc.

Harris Trust & Savings Bank

Hartford Life Insurance Co.

Hartford Securities Distribution Company Inc.

Hewitt Associates LLC

Horace Mann Life Insurance Company

HSBC Bank USA

Hunt Dupree & Rhine

ING Institutional Plan Services, LLC / ING Investment Advisors, LLC

ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company / ING Financial Advisers, LLC / ING Institutional Plan Services, LLC

Invesmart, Inc.

J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.

Jefferson Pilot Financial Insurance Company

JP Morgan Retirement Plan Services, LLC

JPMorgan Securities, Inc.

 

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Kemper Investors Life Insurance Company

Key Bank Capital Markets

LaSalle Bank N.A.

Law Debenture Trust Company of New York

Lincoln Benefit Life Company

Lincoln Financial Advisors

Lincoln National Life Insurance Company and Lincoln Life & Annuity Company of New York

Lincoln Retirement Services Company, LLC

M&I Brokerage Services, Inc.

M&T Securities, Inc.

Marshall & Ilsley Trust Company N.A.

Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company

Mellon Bank N.A.

Mellon HR Solutions

Mercer HR Services, LLC

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated

Mid-Atlantic Capital Corporation

Midland National Life Insurance Company

Minnesota Life Insurance Company

Morgan Keegan and Company, Inc.

Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC

MSCS Financial Services

National Security Life and Annuity Company

Nationwide Financial Services, Inc.

Newport Retirement Services, Inc

Northern Trust Securities Inc.

NYLife Distributors, Inc.

Ohio National Life Insurance Company

Pershing, LLC

PNC Bank, N.A.

PNC Bank, National Organization

PNC Capital Markets

Principal Life Insurance Company

Princor Financial Services

Protective Life Insurance Company

PruCo Life Insurance Company & PruCo Life Insurance Company of New Jersey

Prudential Financial, Inc

Prudential Life Insurance Company

Raymond James & Associates, Inc. and Raymond James Financial Services

Regions Bank

Reliance Trust Company

Robert W. Baird & Co., Inc.

Scott & Stringfellow Inc.

Security Benefit Life Insurance Company

Signature Bank

Standard Insurance Company

State Street Global Markets, LLC and State Street Bank and Trust Company

Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada (US)

Sungard Institutional Brokerage, Inc

SunTrust Bank

SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc.

SVB Securities

Synovus Securities

T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc

The Princeton Retirement Group, Inc & GPC Securities, Inc

The Prudential Insurance Company of America

 

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The Travelers Insurance Company

Transamerica Life Insurance Company and Transamerica Financial Life Insurance Company

Treasury Curve

Trustmark National Bank

UBATCO & Co.

UBS Financial Services, Inc.

UMB Bank

Union Bank

United of Omaha Life Insurance Company

US Bank

US Bank National Association

Valic Retirement Services

Vanguard Group

Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC.

Wachovia Securities, LLC.

Wells Fargo Advisors LLC

Wells Fargo Bank and Its Affiliates

Wells Fargo Bank National Association

Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.

Wells Fargo Corporate Trust Services

Wells Fargo Investment, LLC.

Wilmington Trust Company

Zions First National Bank

Your Authorized Dealer or other Intermediary may charge you additional fees or commissions other than those disclosed in the Prospectus. Shareholders should contact their Authorized Dealer or other Intermediary for more information about the Additional Payments or Additional Services they receive and any potential conflicts of interest, as well as for information regarding any fees and/or commissions it charges. For additional questions, please contact Goldman Sachs Funds at 1-800-621-2550.

Not included on the list above are other subsidiaries of Goldman Sachs who may receive revenue from the Investment Adviser, Distributor and/or their affiliates through intra-company compensation arrangements and for financial, distribution, administrative and operational services.

Furthermore, the Investment Adviser, Distributor and/or their affiliates may, to the extent permitted by applicable regulations, contribute to various non-cash and cash incentive arrangements to promote the sale of Fund shares, as well as sponsor various educational programs, sales contests and/or promotions. The Investment Adviser, Distributor and their affiliates may also pay for the travel expenses, meals, lodging and entertainment of Intermediaries and their salespersons and guests in connection with educational, sales and promotional programs subject to applicable FINRA regulations. Other compensation may also be offered from time to time to the extent not prohibited by applicable federal or state laws or FINRA regulations. This compensation is not included in, and is made in addition to, the Additional Payments described above.

OTHER INFORMATION

Selective Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

The Board of Trustees of the Trust and the Investment Adviser have adopted a policy on selective disclosure of portfolio holdings in accordance with regulations that seek to ensure that disclosure of information about portfolio securities is in the best interest of Fund shareholders and to address the conflicts between the interests of Fund shareholders and its service providers. The policy provides that neither a Fund nor its Investment Adviser, Distributor or any agent, or any employee thereof (“Fund Representative”) will disclose a Fund’s portfolio holdings information to any person other than in accordance with the policy. For purposes of the policy, “portfolio holdings information” means the Fund’s actual portfolio holdings, as well as nonpublic information about its trading strategies or pending transactions. Under the policy, neither a Fund nor any Fund Representative may solicit or accept any compensation or other consideration in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information. A Fund Representative may provide portfolio holdings information to third parties if such information has been included in the Fund’s public filings with the SEC or is disclosed on the Funds’ publicly accessible website. Information posted on the Fund’s website may be separately provided to any person commencing the day after it is first published on the Funds’ website.

 

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Portfolio holdings information that is not filed with the SEC or posted on the publicly available website may be provided to third parties only if the third party recipients are required to keep all portfolio holdings information confidential and are prohibited from trading on the information they receive. Disclosure to such third parties must be approved in advance by the Investment Adviser’s legal or compliance department. Disclosure to providers of auditing, custody, proxy voting and other similar services for the Funds, as well as rating and ranking organizations, will generally be permitted; however, information may be disclosed to other third parties (including, without limitation, individuals, institutional investors, and intermediaries that sell shares of the Fund,) only upon approval by the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer, who must first determine that the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for doing so. In general, each recipient of non-public portfolio holdings information must sign a confidentiality and non-trading agreement, although this requirement will not apply when the recipient is otherwise subject to a duty of confidentiality. In accordance with the policy, the identity of those recipients who receive non-public portfolio holdings information on an ongoing basis is as follows: the Investment Advisers and their affiliates, the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, the Funds’ custodian, the Funds’ legal counsel- Dechert LLP, the Funds’ financial printer- RR Donnelley, and the Funds’ proxy voting service- ISS. KPMG LLP, an investor in the Funds, also receives certain non-public holdings information on an ongoing basis in order to facilitate compliance with the auditor independence requirements to which it is subject. In addition, certain fixed income funds of the Trust provide non-public portfolio holdings information to Standard & Poor’s Rating Services to allow such Funds to be rated by it and certain equity funds provide non-public portfolio holdings information to FactSet, a provider of global financial and economic information. These entities are obligated to keep such information confidential. Third party providers of custodial or accounting services to the Funds may release non-public portfolio holdings information of the Funds only with the permission of Fund Representatives. From time to time portfolio holdings information may be provided to broker-dealers solely in connection with a Fund seeking portfolio securities trading suggestions. In providing this information reasonable precautions, including limitations on the scope of the portfolio holdings information disclosed, are taken to avoid any potential misuse of the disclosed information. All marketing materials prepared by the Trust’s principal underwriter is reviewed by Goldman Sachs’ Compliance department for consistency with the Trust’s portfolio holdings disclosure policy.

The International Equity Funds currently intend to publish on the Trust’s website (http://www.goldmansachsfunds.com) complete portfolio holdings for each Fund as of the end of each calendar quarter subject to a fifteen calendar day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. In addition, the International Equity Funds intend to publish on their website month-end top ten holdings subject to a fifteen calendar day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. The Structured Equity Funds currently intend to publish on the Trust’s website complete portfolio holdings for each Fund as of the end of each fiscal quarter subject to a 60 calendar-day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. The Structured Equity Funds may however, at their discretion, publish these holdings earlier than 60 calendar days, if deemed necessary by the Funds. In addition, the Structured Equity Funds intend to publish on their website calendar quarter-end top ten holdings subject to a fifteen calendar-day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. The Income Builder Fund currently intends to publish on the Trust’s website complete portfolio holdings for the Fund as of the end of each fiscal quarter subject to a 30 calendar-day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. The Fund may however, at its discretion, publish these holdings earlier than 30 calendar days, if deemed necessary by the Fund. In addition, the Fund publishes on the website monthly top ten holdings subject to a fifteen calendar-day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. A Fund may publish on the website complete portfolio holdings information more frequently if it has a legitimate business purpose for doing so.

Under the policy, Fund Representatives will initially supply the Board of the Trustees with a list of third parties who receive portfolio holdings information pursuant to any ongoing arrangement. In addition, the Board is to receive information, on a quarterly basis, regarding any other disclosures of non-public portfolio holdings information that were permitted during the preceding quarter. In addition, the Board of Trustees is to approve at its meetings a list of Fund Representatives who are authorized to disclose portfolio holdings information under the policy. As of February 28, 2012, only certain officers of the Trust as well as certain senior members of the compliance and legal groups of the Investment Adviser have been approved by the Board of Trustees to authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings information.

Miscellaneous

A Fund will redeem shares solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net asset value of the Fund during any 90-day period for any one shareholder. Each Fund, however, reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to pay redemptions by a distribution in kind of securities (instead of cash) if (i) the redemption exceeds the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net asset value of the Fund at the time of redemption; or (ii) with respect to lesser redemption amounts, the redeeming shareholder requests in writing a distribution in-kind of securities instead of cash. The securities distributed in kind would be valued for this purpose using the same method employed in calculating each Fund’s net asset value per share. See “NET ASSET VALUE.” If a shareholder receives redemption proceeds in kind, the shareholder should expect to incur transaction costs upon the disposition of the securities received in the redemption.

The right of a shareholder to redeem shares and the date of payment by each Fund may be suspended for more than seven days for any period during which the New York Stock Exchange is closed, other than the customary weekends or holidays, or when trading on such Exchange is restricted as determined by the SEC; or during any emergency, as determined by the SEC, as a result of which it is

 

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not reasonably practicable for such Fund to dispose of securities owned by it or fairly to determine the value of its net assets; or for such other period as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of shareholders of such Fund. (The Trust may also suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions.)

As stated in the Prospectuses, the Trust may authorize Authorized Institutions and other institutions that provide recordkeeping, reporting and processing services to their customers to accept on the Trust’s behalf purchase, redemption and exchange orders placed by or on behalf of their customers and, if approved by the Trust, to designate other intermediaries to accept such orders. These institutions may receive payments from the Trust or Goldman Sachs for their services. Certain Authorized Institutions or institutions may enter into sub-transfer agency agreements with the Trust or Goldman Sachs with respect to their services.

In the interest of economy and convenience, the Trust does not issue certificates representing the Funds’ shares. Instead, the Transfer Agent maintains a record of each shareholder’s ownership. Each shareholder receives confirmation of purchase and redemption orders from the Transfer Agent. Fund shares and any dividends and distributions paid by the Funds are reflected in account statements from the Transfer Agent.

The Prospectuses and this SAI do not contain all the information included in the Registration Statement filed with the SEC under the 1933 Act with respect to the securities offered by the Prospectuses. Certain portions of the Registration Statement have been omitted from the Prospectuses and this SAI pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The Registration Statement including the exhibits filed therewith may be examined at the office of the SEC in Washington, D.C.

Statements contained in the Prospectuses or in this SAI as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which the Prospectuses and this SAI form a part, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference.

Line of Credit

As of October 31, 2011, the Funds (other than the Brazil Equity, China Equity, India Equity and Korea Equity Funds) participated in a $580,000,000 committed, unsecured revolving line of credit facility together with other funds of the Trust and registered investment companies having management or investment advisory agreements with GSAM or its affiliates. Pursuant to the terms of this facility, the Funds and other borrowers may increase the credit amount by an additional $340,000,000, for a total of up to $920,000,000. This facility is to be used for temporary emergency purposes or to allow for an orderly liquidation of securities to meet redemption requests. The interest rate on borrowings is based on the federal funds rate. The facility also requires a fee to be paid by the Funds based on the amount of the commitment that has not been utilized. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the Funds did not have any borrowings under the facility.

Large Trade Notifications

The Transfer Agent may from time to time receive notice that an Authorized Institution or other financial intermediary has received an order for a large trade in a Fund’s shares. The Funds may determine to enter into portfolio transactions in anticipation of that order, even though the order will not be processed until the following business day. This practice provides for a closer correlation between the time shareholders place trade orders and the time a Fund enters into portfolio transactions based on those orders, and permits the Fund to be more fully invested in investment securities, in the case of purchase orders, and to more orderly liquidate their investment positions, in the case of redemption orders. On the other hand, the Authorized Institution or other financial intermediary may not ultimately process the order. In this case, a Fund may be required to borrow assets to settle the portfolio transactions entered into in anticipation of that order, and would therefore incur borrowing costs. The Funds may also suffer investment losses on those portfolio transactions. Conversely, the Funds would benefit from any earnings and investment gains resulting from such portfolio transactions.

Corporate Actions

From time to time, the issuer of a security held in a Fund’s portfolio may initiate a corporate action relating to that security. Corporate actions relating to equity securities may include, among others, an offer to purchase new shares, or to tender existing shares, of that security at a certain price. Corporate actions relating to debt securities may include, among others, an offer for early redemption of the debt security, or an offer to convert the debt security into stock. Certain corporate actions are voluntary, meaning that a Fund may only participate in the corporate action if it elects to do so in a timely fashion. Participation in certain corporate actions may enhance the value of a Fund’s investment portfolio.

In cases where a Fund or its Investment Adviser receives sufficient advance notice of a voluntary corporate action, the Investment Adviser will exercise its discretion, in good faith, to determine whether the Fund will participate in that corporate action. If a Fund or its Investment Adviser does not receive sufficient advance notice of a voluntary corporate action, the Fund may not be able to timely elect to participate in that corporate action. Participation or lack of participation in a voluntary corporate action may result in a negative impact on the value of the Fund’s investment portfolio.

 

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DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLANS

(Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class R Shares Only)

Distribution and Service Plans. As described in the Prospectuses, the Trust has adopted, on behalf of Class A, Class B, Class C and Class R Shares of each Fund offering those share classes, Distribution and Service Plans (each a “Plan”). See “Shareholder Guide — Distribution and Service Fees” in the Prospectuses. The distribution fees payable under the Plans are subject to Rule 12b-1 under the Act, and finance distribution and other services that are provided to investors in the Funds, and enable the Funds to offer investors the choice of investing in either Class A, Class B, Class C or Class R Shares when investing in the Funds. In addition, distribution fees payable under the Plans may be used to assist the Funds in reaching and maintaining asset levels that are efficient for the Funds’ operations and investments.

The Plans for Class A, B, C and R Shares of each applicable Fund were most recently approved by a majority vote of the Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the non-interested Trustees of the Trust who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Plans, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of approving the Plans on June 16, 2011.

The compensation for distribution services payable under a Plan to Goldman Sachs may not exceed 0.25%, 0.75%, 0.75% and 0.50% per annum of a Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class A, Class B, Class C and Class R Shares, respectively, of such Fund. Under the Plans for Class B and Class C Shares, Goldman Sachs is also entitled to receive a separate fee for personal and account maintenance services equal on an annual basis to 0.25% of each Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class B or Class C Shares. With respect to Class A and Class R Shares, the distributor at its discretion may use compensation for distribution services paid under the Plans for personal and account maintenance services and expenses so long as such total compensation under the Plans does not exceed the maximum cap on “service fees” imposed by FINRA.

Each Plan is a compensation plan which provides for the payment of a specified fee without regard to the expenses actually incurred by Goldman Sachs. If such fee exceeds Goldman Sachs’ expenses, Goldman Sachs may realize a profit from these arrangements. The distribution fees received by Goldman Sachs under the Plans (and, as applicable, CDSCs) on Class A, Class B, Class C and Class R Shares may be sold by Goldman Sachs as distributor to entities which provide financing for payments to Authorized Institutions in respect of sales of Class A, Class B, Class C and Class R Shares. To the extent such fees are not paid to such dealers, Goldman Sachs may retain such fees as compensation for its services and expenses of distributing the Funds’ Class A, Class B, Class C and Class R Shares.

Under each Plan, Goldman Sachs, as distributor of each Fund’s Class A, Class B, Class C and Class R Shares, will provide to the Trustees of the Trust for their review, and the Trustees of the Trust will review at least quarterly, a written report of the services provided and amounts expended by Goldman Sachs under the Plans and the purposes for which such services were performed and expenditures were made.

The Plans will remain in effect until June 30, 2012 and from year to year thereafter, provided that such continuance is approved annually by a majority vote of the Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the non-interested Trustees of the Trust who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Plans. The Plans may not be amended to increase materially the amount of distribution compensation described therein without approval of a majority of the outstanding Class A, Class B, Class C or Class R Shares of the affected Fund and affected share class, but may be amended without shareholder approval to increase materially the amount of non-distribution compensation. All material amendments of a Plan must also be approved by the Trustees of the Trust in the manner described above. A Plan may be terminated at any time as to any Fund without payment of any penalty by a vote of a majority of the non-interested Trustees of the Trust or by vote of a majority of the Class A, Class B, Class C or Class R Shares, respectively, of the affected Fund and affected share class. If a Plan was terminated by the Trustees of the Trust and no successor plan was adopted, the Fund would cease to make payments to Goldman Sachs under the Plan and Goldman Sachs would be unable to recover the amount of any of its unreimbursed expenditures. So long as a Plan is in effect, the selection and nomination of non-interested Trustees of the Trust will be committed to the discretion of the non-interested Trustees of the Trust. The Trustees of the Trust have determined that in their judgment there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plans will benefit the Funds and their Class A, Class B, Class C and Class R Shareholders.

The following chart shows the distribution and service fees paid to Goldman Sachs for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2011, October 31, 2010 and October 31, 2009 by each of the following Funds pursuant to the Class A Plan:

 

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Fund

   Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2011
     Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2010
     Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2009
 

Income Builder Fund

   $ 261,785       $ 277,800       $ 270,709   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     378,569         507,878         592,639   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     716,898         796,663         822,640   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     395,392         431,275         525,481   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     238,500         299,113         330,187   

Structured Small Cap Value

     248,585         228,209         182,365   

Structured Small Cap Growth

     65,026         52,730         42,652   

Structured International Equity Fund

     1,185,019         1,419,009         1,378,245   

Structured International Small Cap Fund

     90,863         86,541         53,343   

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     95,828         138,203         3,433   

Concentrated International Equity Fund

     377,011         400,462         389,848   

International Small Cap Fund

     74,730         54,861         48,862   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     162,288         225,308         511,233   

Asia Equity Fund

     115,651         110,730         91,284   

BRIC Fund

     940,544         1,069,721         551,584   

Strategic International Equity Fund

     142,960         139,666         102,076   

N-11 Equity Fund1

     17,462         —           —     

Brazil Equity Fund2

     12         —           —     

China Equity Fund2

     12         —           —     

India Equity Fund3

     7         —           —     

Korea Equity Fund4

     11         —           —     

 

1 

The N-11 Equity Fund commenced operations on February 28, 2011.

2 

The Brazil Equity and China Equity Funds commenced operations on April 29, 2011.

3 

The India Equity Fund commenced operations on June 30, 2011.

4 

The Korea Equity Fund commenced operations on May 31, 2011.

The following chart shows the distribution and service fees paid to Goldman Sachs for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2011, October 31, 2010 and October 31, 2009 by each of the following Funds pursuant to the Class B Plan:

 

Fund

   Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2011
     Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2010
     Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2009
 

Income Builder Fund

   $ 74,931       $ 84,413       $ 92,113   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     22,860         28,442         37,010   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     165,318         220,116         312,011   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     75,126         96,497         122,408   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     17,952         24,864         28,512   

Structured Small Cap Value

     183,957         248,565         309,990   

Structured Small Cap Growth

     59,930         71,848         81,863   

Structured International Equity Fund

     55,519         69,458         70,895   

Structured International Small Cap Fund1

     —           —           —     

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund1

     —           —           —     

Concentrated International Equity Fund

     16,601         23,662         30,104   

International Small Cap Fund

     8,409         9,175         8,890   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     91,045         103,780         79,488   

Asia Equity Fund

     14,830         16,856         13,076   

BRIC Fund1

     —           —           —     

Strategic International Equity Fund

     58,687         75,827         93,183   

N-11 Equity Fund1

     —           —           —     

Brazil Equity Fund1

     —           —           —     

China Equity Fund1

     —           —           —     

India Equity Fund1

     —           —           —     

Korea Equity Fund1

     —           —           —     

 

1 

This Fund does not offer Class B Shares.

 

B-107


The following chart shows the distribution and service fees paid to Goldman Sachs for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2011, October 31, 2010 and October 31, 2009 by each of the following Funds pursuant to the Class C Plan:

 

Fund

   Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2011
     Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2010
     Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2009
 

Income Builder Fund

   $ 87,487       $ 77,041       $ 65,415   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     123,787         128,772         123,449   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     347,058         373,704         368,270   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     135,131         142,683         143,052   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     148,417         128,066         100,770   

Structured Small Cap Value

     214,377         219,169         206,074   

Structured Small Cap Growth

     55,824         51,309         44,806   

Structured International Equity Fund

     45,461         51,518         54,308   

Structured International Small Cap Fund

     6,216         1,593         270   

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     6,731         14,602         3,993   

Concentrated International Equity Fund

     192,770         190,566         147,117   

International Small Cap Fund

     27,101         19,687         18,159   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     227,541         208,526         121,858   

Asia Equity Fund

     41,805         47,658         29,336   

BRIC Fund

     1,547,509         1,640,873         935,606   

Strategic International Equity Fund

     81,637         90,236         91,366   

N-11 Equity Fund

     11,346         —           —     

Brazil Equity Fund

     42         —           —     

China Equity Fund

     44         —           —     

India Equity Fund

     31         —           —     

Korea Equity Fund

     40         —           —     

The following chart shows the distribution and service fees paid to Goldman Sachs for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2011, October 31, 2010 and October 31, 2009 by each of the following Funds pursuant to the Class R Plan:

 

Fund

   Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2011
     Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2010
     Fiscal year
ended
October 31,
2009
 

Income Builder Fund1

   $ —         $ —         $ —     

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     257         212         75   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     201         269         110   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     263         331         54   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     1,114         693         107   

Structured Small Cap Value

     1,008         520         75   

Structured Small Cap Growth

     199         262         72   

Structured International Equity Fund

     608         809         343   

Structured International Small Cap Fund1

     —           —           —     

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund1

     —           —           —     

Concentrated International Equity Fund1

     —           —           —     

International Small Cap Fund1

     —           —           —     

Emerging Markets Equity Fund1

     —           —           —     

Asia Equity Fund1

     —           —           —     

BRIC Fund1

     —           —           —     

Strategic International Equity Fund

     111         161         44   

N-11 Equity Fund1

     —           —           —     

Brazil Equity Fund1

     —           —           —     

China Equity Fund1

     —           —           —     

India Equity Fund1

     —           —           —     

Korea Equity Fund1

     —           —           —     

 

1 

This Fund does not offer Class R Shares.

 

B-108


During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, Goldman Sachs incurred the following expenses in connection with distribution under the Class A Plan of each of the following Funds:

 

Fund

   Compensation
to

Dealers(1)
     Compensation
and Expenses
of the

Distributor
and Its

Sales
Personnel
     Allocable
Overhead,
Telephone
and

Travel
Expenses
     Printing and
Mailing of
Prospectuses
to Other
Than
Current

Shareholders
     Preparation
and
Distribution
of Sales
Literature

and
Advertising
     Totals  

Income Builder Fund

   $ 281,878       $ 82,762       $ 72,692       $ 7,278       $ 12,161       $ 456,773   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     421,037         186,946         144,809         14,499         24,227         791,517   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     698,726         204,148         178,867         17,909         29,925         1,129,575   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     427,087         159,961         124,699         12,486         20,862         745,095   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     301,689         94,705         80,363         8,047         13,445         498,249   

Structured Small Cap Value

     276,357         116,149         93,426         9,354         15,630         510,917   

Structured Small Cap Growth

     70,147         3,578         2,986         299         500         77,510   

Structured International Equity Fund

     994,142         961,309         776,986         77,797         129,990         2,940,225   

Structured International Small Cap Fund

     102,871         71,924         53,046         5,311         8,875         242,027   

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     114,528         51,080         37,910         3,796         6,342         213,656   

Concentrated International Equity Fund

     232,435         255,163         240,274         24,058         40,198         792,128   

International Small Cap Fund

     42,863         43,928         40,969         15,227         6,854         138,716   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     185,024         180,919         152,079         15,277         25,443         558,693   

Asia Equity Fund

     62,330         78,192         65,911         6,599         11,027         224,059   

BRIC Fund

     944,882         1,102,655         941,984         94,318         157,594         3,241,432   

Strategic International Equity Fund

     79,864         38,469         41,524         4,158         6,947         170,962   

N-11 Equity Fund2

     18,841         0         0         0         0         18,841   

Brazil Equity Fund3

     0         0         0         0         0         0   

China Equity Fund3

     0         0         0         0         0         0   

India Equity Fund4

     0         0         0         0         0         0   

Korea Equity Fund5

     0         0         0         0         0         0   

 

1 

Advance commissions paid to dealers of 1% on Class A Shares are considered deferred assets which are amortized over a period of 18 months; amounts presented above reflect amortization expense recorded during the period presented.

2 

The N-11 Equity Fund commenced operations on February 28, 2011.

3 

The Brazil Equity and China Equity Funds commenced operations on April 29, 2011.

4 

The India Equity Fund commenced operations on June 30, 2011.

5 

The Korea Equity Fund commenced operations on May 31, 2011.

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, Goldman Sachs incurred the following expenses in connection with distribution under the Class B Plan of each of the following Funds with Class B Shares:

 

B-109


Fund

   Compensation
to

Dealers(1)
     Compensation
and Expenses
of the

Distributor
and Its

Sales
Personnel
     Allocable
Overhead,
Telephone
and

Travel
Expenses
     Printing and
Mailing of
Prospectuses
to Other
Than
Current

Shareholders
     Preparation
and
Distribution
of Sales
Literature

and
Advertising
     Totals  

Income Builder Fund

   $ 0       $ 18,203       $ 15,158       $ 1,518       $ 2,536       $ 37,415   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     8,110         2,838         2,390         239         400         13,977   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     0         28,489         23,782         2,381         3,979         58,631   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     165         11,879         9,457         947         1,582         24,031   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     1,700         2,261         1,878         188         314         6,342   

Structured Small Cap Value Fund

     0         38,458         30,661         3,070         5,130         77,319   

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

     0         4,861         3,887         389         650         9,788   

Structured International Equity Fund

     2,612         12,539         10,491         1,050         1,755         28,447   

Concentrated International Equity Fund

     0         2,107         1,666         167         279         4,219   

International Small Cap Fund

     128         940         716         72         120         1,976   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     0         35,745         30,157         3,020         5,045         73,967   

Asia Equity Fund

     4,288         527         323         32         54         5,224   

Strategic International Equity Fund

     0         14,255         11,257         1,127         1,883         28,523   

 

1 

Advance commissions paid to dealers of 4% on Class B Shares are considered deferred assets which are amortized over a period of 6 years; amounts presented above reflect amortization expense recorded during the period presented.

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, Goldman Sachs incurred the following expenses in connection with distribution under the Class C Plan of each of the following Funds:

 

Fund

   Compensation
to

Dealers(1)
     Compensation
and Expenses
of the

Distributor
and Its

Sales
Personnel
     Allocable
Overhead,
Telephone
and

Travel
Expenses
     Printing and
Mailing of
Prospectuses
to Other
Than
Current

Shareholders
     Preparation
and
Distribution
of Sales
Literature

and
Advertising
     Totals  

Income Builder Fund

   $ 176       $ 11,984       $ 9,894       $ 991       $ 1,655       $ 24,700   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     0         16,789         13,651         1,367         2,284         34,091   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     0         31,237         25,837         2,587         4,323         63,984   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     0         10,744         8,934         895         1,495         22,068   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     0         32,206         26,641         2,668         4,457         65,972   

Structured Small Cap Value

     0         25,033         20,629         2,065         3,451         51,178   

Structured Small Cap Growth

     0         1,923         1,558         156         261         3,898   

Structured International Equity Fund

     501         4,866         3,930         394         657         10,348   

Structured International Small Cap Fund

     166         896         678         68         114         1,922   

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     0         92         73         7         12         184   

Concentrated International Equity Fund

     0         48,082         40,810         4,086         6,828         99,807   

International Small Cap Fund

     62         2,218         1,877         188         314         4,659   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     0         73,330         62,265         6,234         10,417         152,246   

Asia Equity Fund

     56         4,006         2,622         263         439         7,385   

BRIC Fund

     0         528,719         451,086         45,166         75,467         1,100,438   

Strategic International Equity Fund

     0         13,338         10,878         1,089         1,820         27,126   

N-11 Equity Fund2

     0         460         344         34         58         896   

Brazil Equity Fund3

     0         0         0         0         0         0   

China Equity Fund3

     0         0         0         0         0         0   

India Equity Fund4

     0         0         0         0         0         0   

Korea Equity Fund5

     0         0         0         0         0         0   

 

B-110


 

1 

Advance commissions paid to dealers of 1% on Class C Shares are considered deferred assets which are amortized over a period of 1 year; amounts presented above reflect amortization expense recorded during the period presented.

2 

The N-11 Equity Fund commenced operations on February 28, 2011.

3 

The Brazil Equity and China Equity Funds commenced operations on April 29, 2011.

4 

The India Equity Fund commenced operations on June 30, 2011.

5 

The Korea Equity Fund commenced operations on May 31, 2011.

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, Goldman Sachs incurred the following expenses in connection with distribution under the Class R Plan of each of the following Funds with Class R Shares:

 

Fund

   Compensation
to

Dealers
     Compensation
and Expenses
of the

Distributor
and Its

Sales
Personnel
     Allocable
Overhead,
Telephone
and

Travel
Expenses
     Printing and
Mailing of
Prospectuses
to Other
Than
Current

Shareholders
     Preparation
and
Distribution
of Sales
Literature

and
Advertising
     Totals  

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

   $ 222       $ 1       $ 0       $ 0       $ 0       $ 223   

Structured US Equity Fund

     0         0         0         0         0         0   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     221         0         0         0         0         221   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     1,113         8         4         0         1         1,126   

Structured Small Cap Value Fund

     720         81         83         8         14         906   

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

     136         0         0         0         0         136   

Structured International Equity Fund

     330         3         2         0         0         335   

Strategic International Equity Fund

     70         0         0         0         0         70   

OTHER INFORMATION REGARDING MAXIMUM SALES CHARGE, PURCHASES, REDEMPTIONS, EXCHANGES AND DIVIDENDS

(Class A Shares, Class B Shares and Class C Shares Only)

The following information supplements the information in the Prospectus under the captions “Shareholder Guide” and “Dividends.” Please see the Prospectuses for more complete information.

Maximum Sales Charges

Class A Shares of each Fund are sold with a maximum sales charge of 5.5%. Using the net asset value per share as of October 31, 2011, the maximum offering price of each Fund’s Class A Shares would be as follows:

 

     Net Asset
Value
     Maximum
Sales
Charge
    Offering
Price to
Public
 

Income Builder Fund

   $ 19.01         5.5   $ 20.12   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     10.19         5.5     10.78   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     24.21         5.5     25.62   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     12.60         5.5     13.33   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     12.06         5.5     12.76   

Structured Small Cap Value

     26.36         5.5     27.89   

Structured Small Cap Growth

     21.22         5.5     22.46   

Structured International Equity Fund

     9.02         5.5     9.54   

Structured International Small Cap Fund

     7.92         5.5     8.38   

Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     8.08         5.5     8.55   

Concentrated International Equity Fund

     14.74         5.5     15.60   

International Small Cap Fund

     14.06         5.5     14.88   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     14.66         5.5     15.51   

Asia Equity Fund

     17.33         5.5     18.34   

BRIC Fund

     13.13         5.5     13.89   

Strategic International Equity Fund

     10.62         5.5     11.24   

N-11 Equity Fund

     9.57         5.5     10.13   

Brazil Equity Fund

     7.71         5.5     8.16   

China Equity Fund

     7.76         5.5     8.21   

India Equity Fund

     8.69         5.5     9.20   

Korea Equity Fund

     9.61         5.5     10.17   

 

B-111


The actual sales charge that is paid by an investor on the purchase of Class A Shares may differ slightly from the sales charge listed above or in a Fund’s Prospectus due to rounding in the calculations. For example, the sales load disclosed above and in the Funds’ Prospectuses is only shown to one decimal place (i.e., 5.5%). The actual sales charge that is paid by an investor will be rounded to two decimal places. As a result of such rounding in the calculations, the actual sales load paid by an investor may be somewhat greater (e.g., 5.53%) or somewhat lesser (e.g., 5.48%) than that listed above or in the Prospectuses. Contact your financial advisor for further information.

Other Purchase Information/Sales Charge Waivers

Certain Goldman Sachs sponsored or partnered retirement platforms (specifically, GS Retirement Plan Plus and Goldman Sachs 401(k) Program) will be eligible to purchase Class A Shares of the Funds of the Trust without a front-end sales charge.

In addition, certain former shareholders of certain funds (e.g., funds of AXA Enterprise Funds Trust, AXA Enterprise Multimanager Funds Trust, and The Enterprise Group of Funds, Inc., and the Signal Funds of The Coventry Group) (the “Acquired Funds”) who (i) received shares of a Goldman Sachs Fund in connection with a reorganization of an Acquired Fund into a Goldman Sachs Fund, (ii) had previously qualified for purchases of Class A shares of the Acquired Funds without the imposition of a sales load under the guidelines of the applicable Acquired Fund family, and (iii) as of August 24, 2012 held their Goldman Sachs Fund shares directly with the Goldman Sachs Funds’ Transfer Agent, are permitted to purchase Class A Shares of a Goldman Sachs Fund without the imposition of a front-end sales load as long as they continue to hold the shares directly at the Transfer Agent.

At the discretion of the Trust’s officers and in addition to the NAV purchases permitted in a Fund’s Prospectus, Class A Shares of the Funds may also be sold at NAV without payment of any sales charge for shares purchased through certain Section 401(k), profit sharing, money purchase pension, tax-sheltered annuity, defined benefit pension, or other employee benefit (including health savings accounts) or SIMPLE plans that are sponsored by one or more employers (including governmental or church employers) or employee organizations investing in the Funds.

If shares of a Fund are held in an account with an Authorized Institution, all recordkeeping, transaction processing and payments of distributions relating to the beneficial owner’s account will be performed by the Authorized Institution, and not by the Fund and its Transfer Agent. Because the Funds will have no record of the beneficial owner’s transactions, a beneficial owner should contact the Authorized Institution to purchase, redeem or exchange shares, to make changes in or give instructions concerning the account or to obtain information about the account. The transfer of shares in a “street name” account to an account with another dealer or to an account directly with the Fund involves special procedures and will require the beneficial owner to obtain historical purchase information about the shares in the account from the Authorized Institution.

 

B-112


Right of Accumulation (Class A)

A Class A shareholder qualifies for cumulative quantity discounts if the current purchase price of the new investment plus the shareholder’s current holdings of existing Class A, Class B or Class C Shares (acquired by purchase or exchange) of a Fund and Class A, Class B and/or Class C Shares of any other Goldman Sachs Fund total the requisite amount for receiving a discount. For example, if a shareholder owns shares with a current market value of $65,000 and purchases additional Class A Shares of any Goldman Sachs Fund with a purchase price of $45,000, the sales charge for the $45,000 purchase would be 3.75% (the rate applicable to a single purchase of $100,000 but less than $250,000). Class A, Class B and/or Class C Shares of the Funds and any other Goldman Sachs Fund purchased (i) by an individual, his spouse, his parents and his children, and (ii) by a trustee, guardian or other fiduciary of a single trust estate or a single fiduciary account, will be combined for the purpose of determining whether a purchase will qualify for such right of accumulation and, if qualifying, the applicable sales charge level. For purposes of applying the right of accumulation, shares of the Funds and any other Goldman Sachs Fund purchased by an existing client of Goldman Sachs Wealth Management or GS Ayco Holding LLC will be combined with Class A, Class B and/or Class C Shares and other assets held by all other Goldman Sachs Wealth Management accounts or accounts of GS Ayco Holding LLC, respectively. In addition, Class A, Class B and/or Class C Shares of the Funds and Class A, Class B and/or Class C Shares of any other Goldman Sachs Fund purchased by partners, directors, officers or employees of the same business organization, groups of individuals represented by and investing on the recommendation of the same accounting firm, certain affinity groups or other similar organizations (collectively, “eligible persons”) may be combined for the purpose of determining whether a purchase will qualify for the right of accumulation and, if qualifying, the applicable sales charge level. This right of accumulation is subject to the following conditions: (i) the business organization’s, group’s or firm’s agreement to cooperate in the offering of the Fund’s shares to eligible persons; and (ii) notification to the relevant Fund at the time of purchase that the investor is eligible for this right of accumulation. In addition, in connection with SIMPLE IRA accounts, cumulative quantity discounts are available on a per plan basis if (i) your employee has been assigned a cumulative discount number by Goldman Sachs; and (ii) your account, alone or in combination with the accounts of other plan participants also invested in Class A, Class B and/or Class C Shares of Goldman Sachs Funds, totals the requisite aggregate amount as described in the Prospectus.

Shareholders of the Funds of the AXA Enterprise Funds Trust, AXA Enterprise Multimanager Funds Trust and The Enterprise Group of Funds, Inc. (the “AXA Funds”) who received shares of a Fund of the Trust in connection with the reorganization of the AXA Funds into certain Funds of the Trust may continue to aggregate holdings of fund shares of the investor’s spouse, immediate family or accounts the investor controls, whether as a single investor or trustee, provided that the investor or its intermediary notified the AXA Funds of the applicable accounts at the time of his/her additional investment in the AXA Funds by providing the AXA Funds with appropriate documentation, including the account numbers for all accounts that the investor is seeking to aggregate, and the accounts were aggregated as directed by the investor or its intermediary.

Statement of Intention (Class A)

If a shareholder anticipates purchasing at least $50,000 of Class A Shares of a Fund alone or in combination with Class A Shares of any other Goldman Sachs Fund within a 13-month period, the shareholder may purchase shares of the Fund at a reduced sales charge by submitting a Statement of Intention (the “Statement”). Shares purchased pursuant to a Statement will be eligible for the same sales charge discount that would have been available if all of the purchases had been made at the same time. The shareholder or his Authorized Institution must inform Goldman Sachs that the Statement is in effect each time shares are purchased. There is no obligation to purchase the full amount of shares indicated in the Statement. A shareholder may include the value of all Class A Shares on which a sales charge has previously been paid as an “accumulation credit” toward the completion of the Statement, but a price readjustment will be made only on Class A Shares purchased within ninety (90) days before submitting the Statement. The Statement authorizes the Transfer Agent to hold in escrow a sufficient number of shares which can be redeemed to make up any difference in the sales charge on the amount actually invested. For purposes of satisfying the amount specified on the Statement, the gross amount of each investment, exclusive of any appreciation on shares previously purchased, will be taken into account.

The provisions applicable to the Statement, and the terms of the related escrow agreement, are set forth in Appendix C to this SAI.

Cross-Reinvestment of Dividends and Distributions

Shareholders may receive dividends and distributions in additional shares of the same class of a Fund or they may elect to receive them in cash or shares of the same class of other Goldman Sachs Funds, or Service Shares of the Goldman Sachs Financial Square Prime Obligations Fund (the “Prime Obligations Fund”), if they hold Class A Shares of a Fund.

A Fund shareholder should obtain and read the prospectus relating to any other Goldman Sachs Fund and its shares and consider its investment objective, policies and applicable fees before electing cross-reinvestment into that Fund. The election to cross-reinvest

 

B-113


dividends and capital gain distributions will not affect the tax treatment of such dividends and distributions, which will be treated as received by the shareholder and then used to purchase shares of the acquired fund. Such reinvestment of dividends and distributions in shares of other Goldman Sachs Funds is available only in states where such reinvestment may legally be made.

Automatic Exchange Program

A Fund shareholder may elect to exchange automatically a specified dollar amount of shares of a Fund for shares of the same class or an equivalent class of another Goldman Sachs Fund provided the minimum initial investment requirement has been satisfied. A Fund shareholder should obtain and read the prospectus relating to any other Goldman Sachs Fund and its shares and consider its investment objective, policies and applicable fees and expenses before electing an automatic exchange into that Goldman Sachs Fund.

Class C Exchanges

As stated in the Prospectuses, Goldman Sachs normally begins paying the annual 0.75% distribution fee on Class C Shares to Authorized Institutions after the shares have been held for one year. When an Authorized Institution enters into an appropriate agreement with Goldman Sachs and stops receiving this payment on Class C Shares that have been beneficially owned by the Authorized Institution’s customers for at least ten years, those Class C Shares may be exchanged for Class A Shares (which bear a lower distribution fee) of the same Fund at their relative net asset value without a sales charge in recognition of the reduced payment to the Authorized Institution.

Exchanges from Collective Investment Trusts to Goldman Sachs Funds

The Investment Advisers manage a number of collective investment trusts that hold assets of 401(k) plans and other retirement plans (each, a “Collective Investment Trust”). An investor in a Collective Investment Trust (or an Intermediary acting on behalf of the investor) may elect to exchange some or all of the interests it holds in a Collective Investment Trust for shares of one or more of the Goldman Sachs Funds. Generally speaking, Rule 22c-1 of the Act requires a purchase order for shares of a Goldman Sachs Fund to be priced based on the current NAV of the Goldman Sachs Fund that is next calculated after receipt of the purchase order. A Goldman Sachs Fund will treat a purchase order component of an exchange from an investor in a Collective Investment Trust as being received in good order at the time it is communicated to an Intermediary or the Transfer Agent, if the amount of shares to be purchased is expressed as a percentage of the value of the investor’s interest in a designated Collective Investment Trust that it is contemporaneously redeeming (e.g., if the investor communicates a desire to exchange 100% of its interest in a Collective Investment Trust for shares of a Goldman Sachs Fund). The investor’s purchase price and the number of Goldman Sachs Fund shares it will acquire will therefore be calculated as of the pricing of the Collective Investment Trust on the day of the purchase order. Such an order will be deemed to be irrevocable as of the time the Goldman Sachs Fund’s NAV is next calculated after receipt of the purchase order. An investor should obtain and read the prospectus relating to any Goldman Sachs Fund and its shares and consider its investment objective, policies and applicable fees and expenses before electing an exchange into that Goldman Sachs Fund. For federal income tax purposes, an exchange of interests in a Collective Investment Trust for shares of a Goldman Sachs Fund may be subject to tax, and you should consult your tax adviser concerning the tax consequences of an exchange.

Systematic Withdrawal Plan

A systematic withdrawal plan (the “Systematic Withdrawal Plan”) is available to shareholders of a Fund whose shares are worth at least $5,000. The Systematic Withdrawal Plan provides for monthly payments to the participating shareholder of any amount not less than $50.

Dividends and capital gain distributions on shares held under the Systematic Withdrawal Plan are reinvested in additional full and fractional shares of the applicable Fund at net asset value. The Transfer Agent acts as agent for the shareholder in redeeming sufficient full and fractional shares to provide the amount of the systematic withdrawal payment. The Systematic Withdrawal Plan may be terminated at any time. Goldman Sachs reserves the right to initiate a fee of up to $5 per withdrawal, upon thirty (30) days written notice to the shareholder. Withdrawal payments should not be considered to be dividends, yield or income. If periodic withdrawals continuously exceed new purchases and reinvested dividends and capital gains distributions, the shareholder’s original investment will be correspondingly reduced and ultimately exhausted. The maintenance of a withdrawal plan concurrently with purchases of additional Class A, Class B or Class C Shares would be disadvantageous because of the sales charge imposed on purchases of Class A Shares or the imposition of a CDSC on redemptions of Class A, Class B or Class C Shares. The CDSC applicable to Class A, Class B or Class C Shares redeemed under a systematic withdrawal plan may be waived. See “Shareholder Guide” in the Prospectuses. In addition, each withdrawal constitutes a redemption of shares, and any gain or loss realized must be reported for federal and state income tax purposes. A shareholder should consult his or her own tax adviser with regard to the tax consequences of participating in the Systematic Withdrawal Plan. For further information or to request a Systematic Withdrawal Plan, please write or call the Transfer Agent.

 

B-114


Class B Contingent Deferred Sales Charge- Shares Received in Connection with the Expedition Funds’ Reorganization

Former Class B shareholders of the Expedition Equity Fund or Expedition Equity Income Fund who received Class B Shares of the Goldman Sachs Structured U.S. Equity Fund in connection with the reorganization of the Expedition Funds into the Trust will be charged a CDSC on those Goldman Sachs Fund Class B Shares based on the CDSC schedule set forth below. Goldman Sachs Fund Class B Shares purchased by former Expedition Fund shareholders after the effective time of the Expedition Fund reorganization will be charged CDSCs according to the Goldman Sachs Fund CDSC schedule set forth in the Funds’ Prospectuses.

 

Year Since

Purchase

   CDSC as a Percentage  of
Dollar Amount Subject to CDSC
 

First

     4.00

Second

     3.00

Third

     3.00

Fourth

     2.00

Fifth

     1.00

Sixth

     0.00

Seventh

     0.00

Eighth

     0.00

Class B Shares will automatically convert to Class A Shares after eight years.

SERVICE PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER ADMINISTRATION PLAN

(Service Shares Only)

The Funds offering Service Shares have adopted a service plan and a separate shareholder administration plan (the “Plans”) with respect to the Service Shares which authorize the Funds to compensate Authorized Institutions for providing certain personal and account maintenance services and shareholder administration services to their customers who are or may become beneficial owners of such Shares. Pursuant to the Plans, each Fund enters into agreements with Authorized Institutions which purchase Service Shares of the Fund on behalf of their customers (“Service Agreements”). Under such Service Agreements the Authorized Institutions may perform some or all of the following services:

(a) Personal and account maintenance services, including: (i) providing facilities to answer inquiries and respond to correspondence with customers and other investors about the status of their accounts or about other aspects of the Trust or the applicable Fund; (ii) acting as liaison between the Authorized Institution’s customers and the Trust, including obtaining information from the Trust and assisting the Trust in correcting errors and resolving problems; (iii) providing such statistical and other information as may be reasonably requested by the Trust or necessary for the Trust to comply with applicable federal or state law; (iv) responding to investor requests for prospectuses; (v) displaying and making prospectuses available on the Authorized Institution’s premises; and (vi) assisting customers in completing application forms, selecting dividend and other account options and opening custody accounts with the Authorized Institution.

(b) Shareholder administration services, including: (i) acting or arranging for another party to act, as recordholder and nominee of the Service Shares beneficially owned by the Authorized Institution’s customers; (ii) establishing and maintaining, or assisting in establishing and maintaining, individual accounts and records with respect to the Service Shares owned by each customer; (iii) processing, or assisting in processing, confirmations concerning customer orders to purchase, redeem and exchange Service Shares; (iv) receiving and transmitting, or assisting in receiving and transmitting, funds representing the purchase price or redemption proceeds of such Service Shares; (v) processing dividend payments on behalf of customers; and (vi) performing other related services which do not constitute “any activity which is primarily intended to result in the sale of shares” within the meaning of Rule 12b-1 under the Act or “personal and account maintenance services” within the meaning of FINRA’s Conduct Rules.

As compensation for such services, each Fund will pay each Authorized Institution a personal and account maintenance service fee and a shareholder administration service fee in an amount up to 0.25% and 0.25%, respectively, (on an annualized basis) of the average daily net assets of the Service Shares of such Fund attributable to or held in the name of such Authorized Institution.

 

B-115


The amount of the service and shareholder administration fees paid by each of the following Funds to Authorized Institutions pursuant to the Plans was as follows for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2011, October 31, 2010 and October 31, 2009.

 

Fund

   Fiscal year
Ended
October 31,
2011
     Fiscal year
Ended
October 31,
2010
     Fiscal year
Ended
October 31,
2009
 

Income Builder Fund1

   $ —         $ —         $ 0   

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

     38,782         34,820         16,837   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     6,322         7,140         12,154   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     2,406         538         608   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     8,350         7,652         8,206   

Structured Small Cap Value1

     —           —           0   

Structured Small Cap Growth1

     —           —           0   

Structured International Equity Fund

     100,680         125,752         113,308   

Concentrated International Equity Fund

     1,684         1,898         2,228   

International Small Cap Fund

     2,476         2,254         1,692   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     68,958         61,568         32,566   

Strategic International Equity Fund1

     —           —           10   

 

1 

Service Shares liquidated on March 13, 2009.

The Funds offering Service Shares have adopted the Service Plan but not the Shareholder Administration Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Act in order to avoid any possibility that service fees paid to the Authorized Institutions pursuant to the Service Agreements might violate the Act. Rule 12b-1, which was adopted by the SEC under the Act, regulates the circumstances under which an investment company or series thereof may bear expenses associated with the distribution of its shares. In particular, such an investment company or series thereof cannot engage directly or indirectly in financing any activity which is primarily intended to result in the sale of shares issued by the company unless it has adopted a plan pursuant to, and complies with the other requirements of, such Rule. The Trust believes that fees paid for the services provided in the Service Plan and described above are not expenses incurred primarily for effecting the distribution of Service Shares. However, should such payments be deemed by a court or the SEC to be distribution expenses, such payments would be duly authorized by the Plan. The Shareholder Administration Plan has not been adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Act.

Conflict of interest restrictions (including the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) may apply to a Authorized Institution’s receipt of compensation paid by a Fund in connection with the investment of fiduciary assets in Service Shares of a Fund. Authorized Institutions, including banks regulated by the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve Board or the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and investment advisers and other money managers subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, the Department of Labor or state securities commissions, are urged to consult their legal advisers before investing fiduciary assets in Service Shares of a Fund. In addition, under some state securities laws, banks and other financial institutions purchasing Service Shares on behalf of their customers may be required to register as dealers.

The Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or the related Service Agreements, most recently voted to approve the Plans and related Service Agreements at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such Plans and Service Agreements on June 16, 2011. The Plans and related Service Agreements will remain in effect until June 30, 2012 and will continue in effect thereafter only if such continuance is specifically approved annually by a vote of the Trustees in the manner described above. The Service Plan may not be amended (but the Shareholder Administration Plan may be amended) to increase materially the amount to be spent for the services described therein without approval of the Service Shareholders of the affected Fund and all material amendments of each Plan must also be approved by the Trustees in the manner described above. The Plans may be terminated at any time by a majority of the Trustees as described above or by a vote of a majority of the affected Fund’s outstanding Service Shares. The Service Agreements may be terminated at any time, without payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Trustees as described above or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding Service Shares of the affected Fund on not more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to any other party to the Service Agreements. The Service Agreements will terminate automatically if assigned. So long as the Plans are in effect, the selection and nomination of those Trustees who are not interested persons will be committed to the discretion of the non-interested Trustees. The Trustees have determined that, in their judgment, there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plans will benefit the Funds and the holders of Service Shares of the Funds.

 

B-116


During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, Goldman Sachs incurred the following expenses in connection with distribution under the Service Plan of each of the following Funds with Service Shares:

 

Fund

   Compensation
to

Dealers
     Compensation
and Expenses
of the

Distributor
and Its

Sales
Personnel
     Allocable
Overhead,
Telephone
and

Travel
Expenses
     Printing and
Mailing of
Prospectuses
to Other
Than
Current

Shareholders
     Preparation
and
Distribution
of Sales
Literature

and
Advertising
     Totals  

Structured Large Cap Value Fund

   $ 0       $ 5,112       $ 5,054       $ 506       $ 845       $ 11,517   

Structured U.S. Equity Fund

     0         606         682         68         114         1,470   

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

     0         1,440         1,257         126         210         3,034   

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

     0         1,523         1,636         164         274         3,597   

Structured International Equity Fund

     0         9,202         12,649         1,266         2,116         25,233   

Concentrated International Equity Fund

     0         566         506         51         85         1,207   

International Small Cap Fund

     0         555         605         61         101         1,322   

Emerging Markets Equity Fund

     0         22,848         22,995         2,302         3,847         51,992   

PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

As of February 2, 2012, the following shareholders were shown in the Trust’s records as owning 5% or more of any class of a Fund’s shares. Except as listed below, the Trust does not know of any other person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of any class of a Fund’s shares:

Asia Equity Fund

 

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage
of Class
Class A    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    51.53%
Class A    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    17.01%
Class B    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    20.00%
Class B    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    6.74%
Class B    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    25.60%
Class B    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    16.35%
Class C    Citigroup Global Markets Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10001-2402.    7.69%
Class C    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    10.34%
Class C    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    16.40%
Class C    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    17.22%
Class C    UBS Financial Services Inc., Attn Dept Manager, 1000 Harbor Blvd, 5th Fl, Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761.    6.70%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    94.43%

 

B-117


Income Builder Fund

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    55.49%
Class A    Wilmington Trust Co. Retirement, FBO Vista 401K Retirement Plan, PO Box 52129, Phoenix, AZ 85072-2129.    6.53%
Class A    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    7.64%
Class B    UBS Financial Services Inc., Attn Dept Manager, 1000 Harbor Blvd, 5th Fl, Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761.    5.32%
Class B    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    38.54%
Class B    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    6.88%
Class B    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    17.92%
Class C    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    6.88%
Class C    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    15.65%
Class C    Morgan Stanley & Co., Harborside Financial Center, Plaza II 3rd Floor, Jersey City, NJ 07311.    5.36%
Class C    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    8.84%
Class C    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    19.09%
Class C    Citigroup Global Markets Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10001-2402.    7.77%
Class C    Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., PO Box 9446, Minneapolis, MN 55440-9446.    7.19%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    32.21%
Institutional    Hastings City Bank, FBO Hastings City Bank 401K, Attn Trust Dept, 150 W Court St, Hastings, MI 49058-1823.    5.23%
Institutional    Nationwide Trust Company FSB, 1 Nationwide Plaza, Columbus, OH 43215-2226.    13.85%
Institutional    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    11.57%
Institutional    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    21.36%
Institutional    Citigroup Global Markets Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10001-2402.    5.09%
Class IR    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    91.60%
Class IR    LPL Financial Corporation, 9785 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121-1968.    8.34%

 

BRIC Fund

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A           UBS Financial Services Inc., Attn Dept Manager, 1000 Harbor Blvd, 5th Fl, Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761.    7.98%
Class A    Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., PO Box 9446, Minneapolis, MN 55440-9446.    9.89%
Class A    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    6.62%
Class A    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    25.09%
Class A    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    9.43%

 

B-118


BRIC Fund

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., Special Custody Acct FBO Customer, Attn Mutual Funds, 101 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA 94104-4151.    6.50%
Class C    UBS Financial Services Inc., Attn Dept Manager, 1000 Harbor Blvd, 5th Fl, Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761.    6.16%
Class C    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    16.11%
Class C    Citigroup Global Markets Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10001-2402.    9.48%
Class C    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    29.88%
Class C    Morgan Stanley & Co., Harborside Financial Center, Plaza II 3rd Floor, Jersey City, NJ 07311.    9.96%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    62.10%
Institutional    Citigroup Global Markets Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10001-2402.    7.16%
Institutional    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    10.94%
Institutional    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    5.87%
Class IR    LPL Financial Corporation, 9785 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121-1968.    8.53%
Class IR    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    91.44%

 

Concentrated International Equity Fund

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    41.39%
Class A    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    24.05%
Class B    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    6.95%
Class B    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    8.56%
Class B    Citigroup Global Markets Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10001-2402.    12.65%
Class B    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    32.75%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    74.29%
Service    National Financial Services LLC, FBO Bancfirst Trust and Investment Mgmt, 101 N Broadway Ave, Ste 750, Oklahoma City, OK 73102-8405.    10.95%
Service    National Financial Services LLC, FBO Lucy Xi Liu, 19019 50th Ave, Fresh Meadows, NY 11365-1202.    5.22%
Service    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    82.18%
Class IR    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    96.91%

 

B-119


Emerging Markets Equity Fund

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage
of Class
Class A    UBS Financial Services Inc., Attn Dept Manager, 1000 Harbor Blvd, 5th Fl, Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761.    6.65%
Class A    Citigroup Global Markets Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10001-2402.    5.10%
Class A    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., Special Custody Acct FBO Customer, Attn Mutual Funds, 101 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA 94104-4151.    5.90%
Class A    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    24.77%
Class A    Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., PO Box 9446, Minneapolis, MN 55440-9446.    5.21%
Class B    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    13.28%
Class B    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    11.73%
Class B    Citigroup Global Markets Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10001-2402.    21.50%
Class B    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    16.42%
Class C    Morgan Stanley & Co., Harborside Financial Center, Plaza II 3rd Floor, Jersey City, NJ 07311.    11.59%
Class C    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    15.18%
Class C    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    36.59%
Class C    Citigroup Global Markets Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10001-2402.    11.99%
Class C    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    5.63%
Class C    UBS Financial Services Inc., Attn Dept Manager, 1000 Harbor Blvd, 5th Fl, Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761.    23.69%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    64.60%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Satellite Strategies Portfolio, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    10.72%
Institutional    Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation, 801 W 10th St Ste 3002, Juneau, AK 99801-1878.    8.46%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs Foundation, 85 Broad St Fl 22, New York, NY 10004-2434.    5.39%
Service    Security Benefit Life Insurance Co., UMB Bank NA, FBO Tax-Deferred Acct, 1 SW Security Benefit Pl, Topeka KS 66636-1000.    28.94%
Service    Security Benefit Life Insurance Co., UMB Bank NA, FBO Tax-Deferred Acct, 1 SW Security Benefit Pl, Topeka KS 66636-1000.    51.54%
Service    Security Benefit Life Insurance Co, SBL Variable Annuity Acct XIV, 1 SW Security Benefit Pl, Topeka KS 66636-1000.    11.98%
Class IR    LPL Financial Corporation, 9785 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121-1968.    8.46%
Class IR    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    87.58%

 

International Small Cap Fund

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    42.45%
Class A    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    10.47%
Class A    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., Special Custody Acct. FBO Customer, Attn: Mutual Funds, 101 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA 94104-4151.    11.77%
Class B    Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., PO Box 9446, Minneapolis, MN 55440-9446.    10.39%

 

B-120


International Small Cap Fund

  

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class B    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    12.87%
Class B    Edward Jones, Attn: Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    22.15%
Class C    Edward Jones, Attn: Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    8.96%
Class C    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    30.77%
Class C    National Financial Services LLC, Frontier Trust Co., FBO The Permanente Medical Group, FBO Tulio Rafael Robinson Jr., 10675 Sunrise Ridge Circle, Auburn, CA 95603-6001.    6.05%
Class C    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    7.55%
Class C    Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., PO Box 9446, Minneapolis, MN 55440-9446.    7.84%
Class C    Morgan Stanley & Co., Harborside Financial Center, Plaza II 3rd Floor, Jersey City, NJ 07311.    6.78%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    24.13%
Institutional    National Financial Services LLC, Frontier Trust Co., FBO Commerce National Bank, 2626 Howell St, Ste 880 LB 34, Dallas, TX 75204.    5.45%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Satellite Strategies Portfolio, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    65.21%
Class IR    LPL Financial Corporation, 9785 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121-1968.    19.53%
Class IR    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    79.49%

 

Strategic International Equity Fund

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    42.68%
Class B    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    6.93%
Class C    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    11.76%
Class C    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    8.70%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    21.94%
Institutional    Direct Insurance Co., c/o US Bank, 425 Walnut St 5th Fl, Cincinnati, OH 45202-3944.    13.23%
Institutional    Direct General Insurance Co., c/o US Bank, 425 Walnut St 5th Fl, Cincinnati, OH 45202-3944.    56.30%
Class R    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    99.83%
Class IR    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    78.80%
Class IR    LPL Financial Corporation, 9785 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121-1968.    8.62%
Class IR    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    12.58%

 

B-121


Structured Emerging Markets Equity Fund

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage
of Class
Class A    Genworth Financial Trust Co., FBO Customers, 3200 N Central Ave Fl 7, Phoenix, AZ 85012.    21.67%
Class A    TD Ameritrade Inc., FBO Clients, PO Box 2226, Omaha NE 68103-2226.    20.20%
Class A    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    36.57%
Class A    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    6.26%
Class C    American Enterprise Investment Svc, 702 2nd Ave South, Minneapolis, MN 55402.    28.01%
Class C    Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., PO Box 9446, Minneapolis, MN 55440-9446.    6.34%
Class C    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    34.39%
Class C    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    12.33%
Class C    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    5.09%
Institutional    Alliant Techsystems Inc, c/o Goldman Sachs & Co., 200 West St Fl 37, New York, NY 10282-2102.    6.17%
Institutional    University of California Regents, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2102.    5.90%
Institutional    JPMorgan Chase Bank NA, FBO Goldman Sachs Tax Advantaged Global Equity Portfolio, 1 Beacon St Fl 18, Boston, MA 02108-3107.    5.58%
Institutional    State Street Bank & Trust Co., FBO First Plaza Group Trust II, BENE Owned By GM Hourly-Rate Employees Pension Plan, 2 Avenue De Lafayette Ste 2, Boston, MA 02111-1712.    13.69%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Satellite Strategies Portfolio, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    16.06%
Institutional    Alliant Techsystems Inc, DB Master Trust, 7480 Flying Cloud Dr, Eden Prairie, MN 55344-3720.    11.25%
Institutional    Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation, 801 W 10th St Ste 3002, Juneau, AK 99801-1878.    12.97%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Growth Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    7.74%
Class IR    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    100.00%

 

Structured International Small Cap Fund

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage
of Class
Class A    TD Ameritrade Inc., FBO Clients, PO Box 2226, Omaha NE 68103-2226.    20.00%
Class A    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    36.89%
Class A    Genworth Financial Trust Co., FBO Customers, 3200 N Central Ave Fl 7, Phoenix, AZ 85012.    23.42%
Class C    American Enterprise Investment Svc, 702 2nd Ave South, Minneapolis, MN 55402.    42.38%
Class C    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    7.40%
Class C    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    13.13%
Institutional    State Street Bank & Trust Co., FBO First Plaza Group Trust II, BENE Owned By GM Hourly-Rate Employees Pension Plan, 2 Avenue De Lafayette Ste 2, Boston, MA 02111-1712.    15.29%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs Foundation, 200 West St Fl 29, New York, NY 10282-2198.    5.30%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Satellite Strategies Portfolio, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    23.04%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Growth and Income Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    13.36%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Growth Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    12.36%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Balanced Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    5.37%

 

B-122


Structured International Small Cap Fund

  

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Equity Growth Strategy Portfolio, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    5.44%
Service    National Financial Services LLC, Bankers Trust Co., PO Box 897, Des Moines, IA 50306-0897.    100.00%
Class IR    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    41.87%
Class IR    LPL Financial Corporation, 9785 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121-1968.    40.68%
Class IR    Morgan Keegan & Co. Inc., FBO McWane Inc. Salaried 401k Retirement Plan, 100 Magellan Way, Covington KY 41015-1987.    16.45%

Structured International Equity Fund

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    27.29%
Class A    Genworth Financial Trust Co FBO Customers, 3200 N Central Ave Fl 7, Phoenix, AZ 85012.    10.41%
Class A    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    13.36%
Class A    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    19.20%
Class A    TD Ameritrade Inc., FBO Clients, PO Box 2226, Omaha NE 68103-2226.    10.58%
Class B    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    5.61%
Class B    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    60.32%
Class C    Morgan Stanley & Co., Harborside Financial Center, Plaza II 3rd Floor, Jersey City, NJ 07311.    5.72%
Class C    Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., PO Box 9446, Minneapolis, MN 55440-9446.    8.97%
Class C    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    13.88%
Class C    Edward Jones, Attn: Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    6.59%
Class C    Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Fl, New York, NY 10001-2402.    6.82%
Class C    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    18.44%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    6.79%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Growth Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    26.51%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Balanced Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    5.43%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Growth and Income Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    20.82%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Aggressive Growth Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    13.26%
Institutional    Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation, 801 W 10th St Ste 3002, Juneau, AK 99801-1878.    5.95%
Institutional    JPMorgan Chase Bank FBO, Texas Health Retirement Program, Source J 1 And Y, c/o JPMorgan Retirement Plan Svcs, 11500 Outlook St, Overland Park, KS 66211-1804.    11.39%
Service    National Financial Services LLC, FBO Bankers Trust Co, PO Box 897, Des Moines, IA 50306-0897.    6.69%
Service    Trustmark National Bank, FBO Trust Accounts, 248 E Capitol St Suite 704, Jackson, MS 39201-2582.    72.57%

 

B-123


Structured International Equity Fund

  

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Service    American United Life Insurance Co., FBO Group Retirement Account, Attn: Separate Accounts, PO Box 368, Indianapolis, IN 46206-0368.    6.81%
Class R    State Street Bank and Trust Co., FBO ADP Access, 1 Lincoln St, Boston, MA 02111-2901.    93.45%
Class R    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    6.55%
Class IR    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    82.52%
Class IR    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    17.48%

Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    Genworth Financial Trust Co., FBO Customers, 3200 N Central Ave Fl 7, Phoenix, AZ 85012.    15.61%
Class A    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    26.64%
Class A    TD Ameritrade Inc., FBO Clients, PO Box 2226, Omaha NE 68103-2226.    14.22%
Class B    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    10.83%
Class C    National Financial Services LLC, FBO Thomas G. Bury, 150 E Bridge St, Elyria, OH 44035-5219.    6.18%
Class C    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    7.12%
Class C    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    9.27%
Class C    Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Fl, New York, NY 10001-2402.    5.66%
Class C    UBS Financial Services Inc., Attn Dept Manager, 1000 Harbor Blvd, 5th Fl, Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761.    5.59%
Class C    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    8.48%
Class C    Stifel Nicolaus & Co., FBO Customers, 501 N Broadway, Saint Louis, MO 63102-2188.    5.78%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Aggressive Growth Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    17.89%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Growth Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    35.10%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Growth and Income Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    32.07%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Balanced Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    10.99%
Service    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    100.00%
Class R    MSCS Financial Services LLC, MG Trust Co. FBO West Washington County, 700 17th St, Suite 300, Denver, CO 80202-3531.    5.51%
Class R    Edward Jones, Counsel Trust FBO Specialty Fertilizer Products 401k , 1251 Waterfront Pl Ste 525, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4228.    8.71%
Class R    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    33.69%
Class R    Woodbury Financial Services Inc., Frontier Trust Co. FBO Chalet Dental Care 401k Plan, PO Box 10758, Fargo, ND 58106-0758.    52.02%
Class IR    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    81.92%
Class IR    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    18.08%

 

B-124


Structured Large Cap Value Fund

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    Genworth Financial Trust Co., FBO Customers, 3200 N Central Ave Fl 7, Phoenix, AZ 85012.    15.62%
Class A    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    12.30%
Class A    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    26.26%
Class A    TD Ameritrade Inc., FBO Clients, PO Box 2226, Omaha NE 68103-2226.    14.33%
Class B    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    13.10%
Class B    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    39.09%
Class B    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    10.83%
Class C    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    5.60%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Aggressive Growth Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    17.81%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Balanced Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    10.00%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Growth and Income Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    30.60%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Growth Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    34.39%
Service    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    6.63%
Service    National Financial Services LLC, FBO Transamerica Life Insurance Co., 1150 S Olive St, Ste 2700, Los Angeles, CA 90015-2211.    78.43%
Service    National Financial Services LLC, State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO Retirement Plans, 440 Mamaroneck Ave, Harrison, NY 10528-2418.    13.16%
Class R    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    80.04%
Class R    Principled Advisors Inc., Counsel Trust FBO Long Fence & Home LP 401k , 1251 Waterfront Pl Ste 525, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4228.    19.82%
Class IR    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    66.96%
Class IR    MSCS Financial Services LLC, Home Federal Bank Trust Dept. FBO Process Supplies, 515 Market St #500, Knoxville, TN 37902-2145.    22.28%
Class IR    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    10.76%

Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    5.53%
Class C    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    8.19%
Institutional    UBS Financial Services Inc., FBO Flushing Savings Bank NQ Plans, Master Trust — DB Plan, PO Box 52129, Phoenix, AZ 85072-2129.    18.13%
Institutional    UBS Financial Services Inc., FBO Flushing Savings Bank NQ Plans, Master Trust — DC Plans, PO Box 52129, Phoenix, AZ 85072-2129.    36.77%
Institutional    Reliance Trust Co., FBO Roslyn Sav NQ, P.O. Box 48529, Atlanta GA 30362-1529.    7.58%

 

B-125


Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

  

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class R    Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., Mid Atlantic Trust Co. FBO Behavioral Dimensions Inc. 401k, 1251 Waterfront Pl Ste 525, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4228.    18.59%
Class R    MSCS Financial Services LLC, MG Trust Co. FBO Thornton Fractional THSD #215 403b, 700 17th St, Suite 300, Denver, CO 80202-3531.    9.24%
Class R    Cantella & Co., Frontier Trust Co. FBO A&A Trucking, PO Box 10758, Fargo, ND 58106-0758.    26.68%
Class R    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    45.48%
Class IR    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    5.32%
Class IR    LPL Financial Corporation, 9785 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121-1968.    91.79%

Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    15.81%
Class A    Genworth Financial Trust Co FBO Customers, 3200 N Central Ave Fl 7, Phoenix, AZ 85012.    8.77%
Class A    TD Ameritrade Inc., FBO Clients, PO Box 2226, Omaha NE 68103-2226.    7.57%
Class A    Hartford Life Insurance Co., Separate Acct, 1 Griffen Rd N, Windsor, CT 06095-1512.    5.65%
Class A    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    5.69%
Class A    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    14.80%
Class B    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    16.14%
Class B    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    6.53%
Class B    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    32.63%
Class C    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    7.47%
Class C    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    7.43%
Institutional    JPMorgan Chase Bank NA, FBO Goldman Sachs Enhanced Dividend, Global Equity Portfolio, 1 Beacon St Fl 18, Boston, MA 02108-3107.    13.65%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Balanced Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    11.40%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Growth and Income Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    28.37%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Growth Strategy Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    26.20%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO GS Aggressive Growth Omnibus Acct, 2 Avenue de Lafayette Fl. 6 South, Boston, MA 02111-1750.    11.52%
Service    Princor Financial Service Corp., FBO Omnibus, Attn: NPIO Trade Desk, 771 High Street, Des Moines, IA 50392-0001.    12.57%
Service    Trustmark National Bank, FBO Trust Accounts, 248 E Capitol St Suite 704, Jackson, MS 39201-2582.    10.76%
Service    National Financial Services LLC, FBO First Source Bank Trust Ops, 2nd Fl, PO Box 1602, South Bend, IN 46634-1602.    45.19%
Service    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    26.63%

 

B-126


Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

  

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class R    LPL Financial Corporation, Scott Beathard FBO Construction & Survey Instruments 401k, 2307 Springlake Rd Ste 514, Dallas, TX 75234-5876.    11.10%
Class R    Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., Frontier Trust Co. FBO Crose & Lemke Construction Inc. 401k, PO Box 10758, Fargo ND 58106-0758.    58.61%
Class R    Principled Advisors Inc., Counsel Trust FBO Long Fence & Home LP 401k , 1251 Waterfront Pl Ste 525, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4228.    12.75%
Class IR    GWFS Equities Inc., Orchard Trust Co. FBO Employee Benefits Clients 401k, 8515 E Orchard Rd 2T2, Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002.    17.49%
Class IR    GWFS Equities Inc., c/o Fascore LLC, Wells Fargo Bank NA FBO St Alexius Medical Center Ret. Plan, 8515 E Orchard Rd 2T2, Greenwood Village, CO 80111.    80.37%

Structured Small Cap Value Fund

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    6.86%
Class C    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    5.90%
Class C    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    8.89%
Class C    Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Fl, New York, NY 10001-2402.    5.11%
Class C    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    7.71%
Institutional    Nationwide Trust Company FSB, 1 Nationwide Plaza, Columbus, OH 43215-2226.    11.93%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    36.86%
Institutional    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    5.67%
Institutional    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    11.98%
Institutional    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    8.43%
Institutional    Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Fl, New York, NY 10001-2402.    11.71%
Class R    PJ Robb Variable Corp., Frontier Trust Co. FBO E-Markets Inc 401k Plan, PO Box 10758, Fargo, ND 58106-0758.    21.94%
Class R    Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., Frontier Trust Co. FBO Guarantee Mortgage Corp 401k, PO Box 10758, Fargo, ND 58106-0758.    12.19%
Class R    National Financial Services LLC, Frontier Trust Co. FBO Judith A. Finkleman Retirement, PO Box 10758, Fargo, ND 58106-0758.    18.56%
Class R    Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC, Dennis R Culler FBO, Wielgus Product Models Inc 401k, 1435 W Fulton St, Chicago IL 60607-1109.    28.68%
Class R    Edward Jones, Frontier Trust Co. FBO Tayganpoint Consulting Group, PO Box 10758, Fargo, ND 58106-0758.    5.86%
Class R    ING Financial Partners Inc., Mid Atlantic Trust Co. FBO Environmental Management Assoc. 401k, 1251 Waterfront Pl Ste 525, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4228.    5.09%
Class IR    Edward Jones, Robert Zarco FBO Zarco & Pardo PA 401k, 100 SE 2nd St Ste 2700, Miami, Fl 33131-2122.    6.69%
Class IR    State Street Bank and Trust Co., FBO ADP Access, 1 Lincoln St, Boston, MA 02111-2901.    42.18%
Class IR    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    42.71%

 

B-127


Structured U.S. Equity Fund

 

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    8.08%
Class A    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    14.54%
Class B    Edward Jones, Attn Mutual Fund Shareholder Accounting, 201 Progress Pkwy, Maryland Heights, MO 63043-3009.    5.31%
Class B    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    11.62%
Class B    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    10.68%
Class C    Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, FBO its Customers, Attn: Service Team Goldman Sachs Funds, 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East, 3rd Fl., Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484.    9.26%
Class C    Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Fl, New York, NY 10001-2402.    7.83%
Class C    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    9.21%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    46.50%
Institutional    SEI Private Trust Co., c/o First Tennessee, One Freedom Valley Dr, Oaks, PA 19456-9989.    16.77%
Institutional    Emjay Corp, FBO Plans of RPSA Customers, c/o Great Wesy, 8515 E Orchard Rd 2T2, Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002.    8.87%
Institutional    Dreyfus Service Corp., Mac & Co., FBO Tenneco Employee Stock Ownership, PO Box 3198, Pittsburgh, PA 15230-3198.    7.39%
Service    Fulton Bank, NA, FBO Jerome H Rhoads, Inc., PO Box 3215, Lancaster, PA 17604-3215.    8.02%
Service    Fulton Bank, NA, FBO Life Care Inst, Inc., PO Box 3215, Lancaster, PA 17604-3215.    8.22%
Service    Fulton Bank, NA, FBO Saubels Markets, Inc., PO Box 3215, Lancaster, PA 17604-3215.    27.95%
Service    TCA Trustcorp America, 5301 Wisconsin Ave NW, 4th Fl, Washington DC 20015-2015.    39.79%
Service    UBS Financial Services Inc., MG Trust Co. FBO Manual Therapy International LLC Retirement Trust, 700 17th St, Ste 300, Denver, CO 80202-3531.    5.31%
Class R    MSCS Financial Services LLC, MG Trust Co. FBO Dermatology Group LLC, 700 17th St, Suite 300, Denver, CO 80202-3531.    80.89%
Class R    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    5.47%
Class R    Principled Advisors Inc., Counsel Trust FBO Long Fence & Home LP 401k , 1251 Waterfront Pl Ste 525, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4228.    10.64%
Class IR    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    93.23%
Class IR    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    6.77%

N-11 Equity Fund

 

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    American Enterprise Investment Svc, 702 2nd Ave South, Minneapolis, MN 55402.    10.36%
Class A    Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., PO Box 9446, Minneapolis, MN 55440-9446.    24.83%
Class A    UBS Financial Services Inc., Attn Dept Manager, 1000 Harbor Blvd, 5th Fl, Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761.    19.92%
Class A    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    5.48%
Class A    LPL Financial Corporation, 9785 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121-1968.    8.18%
Class A    Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Fl, New York, NY 10001-2402.    5.74%
Class C    Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., City National Bank FBO Kenneth Linstruth, PO Box 60520, Los Angeles, CA 90060-0520.    7.47%

 

B-128


N-11 Equity Fund   

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class C    American Enterprise Investment Svc, 702 2nd Ave South, Minneapolis, MN 55402.    5.06%
Class C    Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., PO Box 9446, Minneapolis, MN 55440-9446.    17.81%
Class C    UBS Financial Services Inc., Attn Dept Manager, 1000 Harbor Blvd, 5th Fl, Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761.    16.40%
Class C    Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., 333 West 34th St., 3rd Fl, New York, NY 10001-2402.    6.88%
Class C    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    20.82%
Class C    Morgan Stanley & Co., Harborside Financial Center, Plaza II 3rd Floor, Jersey City, NJ 07311.    7.32%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    57.00%
Institutional    First Clearing, LLC, Special Custody Account FBO Customer, 2801 Market St., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523.    6.04%
Institutional    Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., House Acct, 700 Red Brook Blvd, Owings Mills, MD 2117-5184.    5.50%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs Group Seed Accounts, Attn: IMD-India-SAOS, Crystal Downs, Fl 3, Embassy Golf Links Business Park, Bangalore 560071 India.    8.93%
Class IR    LPL Financial Corporation, 9785 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121-1968.    38.89%
Class IR    Pershing LLC, PO Box 2052, Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052.    5.92%
Class IR    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    54.91%

Brazil Equity Fund

 

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    7.77%
Class A    Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., PO Box 9446, Minneapolis, MN 55440-9446.    91.38%
Class C    Woodbury Financial Services Inc., Christopher M. Lance, 685 Gallimore Rd, Flat Rock, NC 28731-7792.    26.95%
Class C    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    42.72%
Class C    Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., PO Box 9446, Minneapolis, MN 55440-9446.    30.34%
Institutional    Alfa Mutual Fire Insurance Company, PO Box 11000, Montgomery, AL 36191-0001.    19.12%
Institutional    AlfaLife Insurance Company, PO Box 11000, Montgomery, AL 36191-0001.    19.12%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    33.64%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs Group Seed Accounts, Attn: IMD-India-SAOS, Crystal Downs, Fl 3, Embassy Golf Links Business Park, Bangalore 560071 India.    28.02%
Class IR    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    100.00%

 

B-129


China Equity Fund

 

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    GS Direct Retail Employee, Harvin Alston TOD, 2675 W 36th St Apt 8C, Brooklyn, NY 11224-1619.    8.32%
Class A    Centaurus Financial Inc., David L. Grezlik, 16440 Penn Dr, Livonia, MI 48154-1028.    12.20%

 

Class A    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    79.48%
Class C    Woodbury Financial Services Inc., Christopher M. Lance, 685 Gallimore Rd, Flat Rock, NC 28731-7792.    33.27%
Class C    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    66.73%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    73.50%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs Group Seed Accounts, Attn: IMD-India-SAOS, Crystal Downs, Fl 3, Embassy Golf Links Business Park, Bangalore 560071 India.    26.41%
Class IR    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    100.00%

India Equity Fund

 

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage of
Class
Class A    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    100.00%
Class C    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    63.63%
Class C    Woodbury Financial Services Inc., Christopher M. Lance, 685 Gallimore Rd, Flat Rock, NC 28731-7792.    36.37%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs Group Seed Accounts, Attn: IMD-India-SAOS, Crystal Downs, Fl 3, Embassy Golf Links Business Park, Bangalore 560071 India.    28.25%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    31.80%
Institutional    New Providence Asset Management LP, Gordon Gray Trust FBO Bernard Gray, c/o Wells Fargo Bank NA, 227 W Trade St, Ste 2150, Charlotte, NC 28202-2697.    39.85%
Class IR    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    100.00%

Korea Equity Fund

 

Class

  

Name/Address

   Percentage
of Class
Class A    GS Direct Retail Employee, Harvin Alston TOD, 2675 W 36th St Apt 8C, Brooklyn, NY 11224-1619.    9.62%
Class A    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    90.38%
Class C    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    100.00%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs Group Seed Accounts, Attn: IMD-India-SAOS, Crystal Downs, Fl 3, Embassy Golf Links Business Park, Bangalore 560071 India.    56.25%
Institutional    Goldman Sachs & Co., FBO Omnibus, c/o Mutual Fund Ops, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1287.    43.59%
Class IR    Goldman Sachs Group LP, Seed Account, Attn IMD Controllers, 200 West St Fl 40, New York, NY 10282-2198.    64.91%
Class IR    Raymond James & Associates, Omnibus for Mutual Funds, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102.    35.09%

 

B-130


As of February 2, 2012, the Goldman Sachs Satellite Strategies Portfolio (“Satellite Strategies Portfolio”) owned 38.82% of the outstanding shares of the International Small Cap Fund. For so long as this investment represents a greater than 25% interest in the Fund, Satellite Strategies Portfolio will be considered a “control person” of the Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. For so long as Satellite Strategies Portfolio is a control person, in the event of a proxy affecting the Fund, Satellite Strategies Portfolio will either mirror vote its shares or seek the advice of an independent proxy voting agent. Redemptions by Satellite Strategies Portfolio of its holdings in the International Small Cap Fund may impact the Fund’s liquidity and NAV, and may also force the Fund to sell securities, which may negatively impact the Fund’s brokerage and tax costs.

As of February 2, 2012, the Goldman Sachs Group Seed Accounts (“GS Seed Accounts”) owned 27.39% of the outstanding shares of the Brazil Equity Fund. For so long as this investment represents a greater than 25% interest in the Fund, GS Seed Accounts will be considered a “control person” of the Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. For so long as GS Seed Accounts is a control person, in the event of a proxy affecting the Fund, GS Seed Accounts will either mirror vote its shares or seek the advice of an independent proxy voting agent. Redemptions by GS Seed Accounts of its holdings in the Brazil Equity Fund may impact the Fund’s liquidity and NAV, and may also force the Fund to sell securities, which may negatively impact the Fund’s brokerage and tax costs.

As of February 2, 2012, GS Seed Accounts owned 26.27% of the outstanding shares of the China Equity Fund. For so long as this investment represents a greater than 25% interest in the Fund, GS Seed Accounts will be considered a “control person” of the Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. For so long as GS Seed Accounts is a control person, in the event of a proxy affecting the Fund, GS Seed Accounts will either mirror vote its shares or seek the advice of an independent proxy voting agent. Redemptions by GS Seed Accounts of its holdings in the China Equity Fund may impact the Fund’s liquidity and NAV, and may also force the Fund to sell securities, which may negatively impact the Fund’s brokerage and tax costs.

As of February 2, 2012, GS Seed Accounts owned 55.67% of the outstanding shares of the Korea Equity Fund. For so long as this investment represents a greater than 25% interest in the Fund, GS Seed Accounts will be considered a “control person” of the Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. For so long as GS Seed Accounts is a control person, in the event of a proxy affecting the Fund, GS Seed Accounts will either mirror vote its shares or seek the advice of an independent proxy voting agent. Redemptions by GS Seed Accounts of its holdings in the Korea Equity Fund may impact the Fund’s liquidity and NAV, and may also force the Fund to sell securities, which may negatively impact the Fund’s brokerage and tax costs.

As of February 2, 2012, GS Seed Accounts owned 28.11% of the outstanding shares of the India Equity Fund. For so long as this investment represents a greater than 25% interest in the Fund, GS Seed Accounts will be considered a “control person” of the Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. For so long as GS Seed Accounts is a control person, in the event of a proxy affecting the Fund, GS Seed Accounts will either mirror vote its shares or seek the advice of an independent proxy voting agent. Redemptions by GS Seed Accounts of its holdings in the India Equity Fund may impact the Fund’s liquidity and NAV, and may also force the Fund to sell securities, which may negatively impact the Fund’s brokerage and tax costs.

As of February 2, 2012, Gordon Gray Trust, FBO Bernard Gray, c/o Wells Fargo Bank NA, 227 W Trade Street, Suite 2150, Charlotte, NC 28202-2697 (“Gordon Gray Trust”) owned 39.65% of the outstanding shares of the India Equity Fund. For so long as this investment represents a greater than 25% interest in the Fund, Gordon Gray Trust will be considered a “control person” of the Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. Gordon Gray Trust’s ownership interest in the India Equity Fund represents a significant percentage of the voting rights in the Fund. Redemptions by Gordon Gray Trust of its holdings in the India Equity Fund may impact the Fund’s liquidity and NAV, and may also force the Fund to sell securities, which may negatively impact the Fund’s brokerage and tax costs.

 

B-131


APPENDIX A

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

Short-Term Credit Ratings

A Standard & Poor’s short-term issue credit rating is a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Standard & Poor’s for short-term issues:

“A-1” – A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

“A-2” – A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

“A-3” – A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“B” – A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of “B-1”, “B-2”, and “B-3” may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the “B” category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“B-1” – A short-term obligation rated “B-1” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

“B-2” – A short-term obligation rated “B-2” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

“B-3” – A short-term obligation rated “B-3” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

“C” – A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“D” – A short-term obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks — Country risk considerations are a standard part of Standard & Poor’s analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key factor in this analysis. An obligor’s capacity to repay foreign currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its local currency due to the sovereign government’s own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign Currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.

Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.

Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:

“P-1” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

“P-2” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

“P-3” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

 

1-A


“NP” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

Fitch, Inc. / Fitch Ratings Ltd. (“Fitch”) short-term ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings. A short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for U.S. public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Fitch for short-term obligations:

“F1” – Securities possess the highest credit quality. This designation indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

“F2” – Securities possess good credit quality. This designation indicates a satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.

“F3” – Securities possess fair credit quality. This designation indicates that the capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non investment grade.

“B” – Securities possess speculative credit quality. This designation indicates minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

“C” – Securities possess high default risk. Default is a real possibility. This designation indicates a capacity for meeting financial commitments which is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

“D” – Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.

“NR” – This designation indicates that Fitch does not publicly rate the associated issuer or issue.

“WD” – This designation indicates that the rating has been withdrawn and is no longer maintained by Fitch.

The following summarizes the ratings used by Dominion Bond Rating Service Limited (“DBRS”) for commercial paper and short-term debt:

“R-1 (high)” – Short-term debt rated “R-1 (high)” is of the highest credit quality, and indicates an entity possessing unquestioned ability to repay current liabilities as they fall due. Entities rated in this category normally maintain strong liquidity positions, conservative debt levels, and profitability that is both stable and above average. Companies achieving an “R-1 (high)” rating are normally leaders in structurally sound industry segments with proven track records, sustainable positive future results, and no substantial qualifying negative factors. Given the extremely tough definition DBRS has established for an “R-1 (high)”, few entities are strong enough to achieve this rating.

“R-1 (middle)” – Short-term debt rated “R-1 (middle)” is of superior credit quality and, in most cases, ratings in this category differ from “R-1 (high)” credits by only a small degree. Given the extremely tough definition DBRS has established for the “R-1 (high)” category, entities rated “R-1 (middle)” are also considered strong credits, and typically exemplify above average strength in key areas of consideration for the timely repayment of short-term liabilities.

“R-1 (low)” – Short-term debt rated “R-1 (low)” is of satisfactory credit quality. The overall strength and outlook for key liquidity, debt and profitability ratios are not normally as favorable as with higher rating categories, but these considerations are still respectable. Any qualifying negative factors that exist are considered manageable, and the entity is normally of sufficient size to have some influence in its industry.

“R-2 (high)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (high)” is considered to be at the upper end of adequate credit quality. The ability to repay obligations as they mature remains acceptable, although the overall strength and outlook for key liquidity, debt, and profitability ratios is not as strong as credits rated in the “R-1 (low)” category. Relative to the latter category, other shortcomings often include areas such as stability, financial flexibility, and the relative size and market position of the entity within its industry.

“R-2 (middle)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (middle)” is considered to be of adequate credit quality. Relative to the “R-2 (high)” category, entities rated “R-2 (middle)” typically have some combination of higher volatility, weaker debt or liquidity positions, lower future cash flow capabilities, or are negatively impacted by a weaker industry. Ratings in this category would be more vulnerable to adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

“R-2 (low)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (low)” is considered to be at the lower end of adequate credit quality, typically having some combination of challenges that are not acceptable for an “R-2 (middle)” credit. However, “R-2 (low)” ratings still display a level of credit strength that allows for a higher rating than the “R-3” category, with this distinction often reflecting the issuer’s liquidity profile.

 

2-A


“R-3” – Short-term debt rated “R-3” is considered to be at the lowest end of adequate credit quality, one step up from being speculative. While not yet defined as speculative, the “R-3” category signifies that although repayment is still expected, the certainty of repayment could be impacted by a variety of possible adverse developments, many of which would be outside the issuer’s control. Entities in this area often have limited access to capital markets and may also have limitations in securing alternative sources of liquidity, particularly during periods of weak economic conditions.

“R-4” – Short-term debt rated “R-4” is speculative. “R-4” credits tend to have weak liquidity and debt ratios, and the future trend of these ratios is also unclear. Due to its speculative nature, companies with “R-4” ratings would normally have very limited access to alternative sources of liquidity. Earnings and cash flow would typically be very unstable, and the level of overall profitability of the entity is also likely to be low. The industry environment may be weak, and strong negative qualifying factors are also likely to be present.

“R-5” – Short-tern debt rated “R-5” is highly speculative. There is a reasonably high level of uncertainty as to the ability of the entity to repay the obligations on a continuing basis in the future, especially in periods of economic recession or industry adversity. In some cases, short term debt rated “R-5” may have challenges that if not corrected, could lead to default.

“D” – A security rated “D” implies the issuer has either not met a scheduled payment or the issuer has made it clear that it will be missing such a payment in the near future. In some cases, DBRS may not assign a “D” rating under a bankruptcy announcement scenario, as allowances for grace periods may exist in the underlying legal documentation. Once assigned, the “D” rating will continue as long as the missed payment continues to be in arrears, and until such time as the rating is discontinued or reinstated by DBRS.

Long-Term Credit Ratings

The following summarizes the ratings used by Standard & Poor’s for long-term issues:

“AAA” – An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

“AA” – An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

“A” – An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

“BBB” – An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

“BB” – An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“B” – An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB,” but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“CCC” – An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“CC” – An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

“C” – A “C” rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the ‘C’ rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument’s terms.

“D” – An obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

3-A


Plus (+) or minus (-) – The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

“NR” – This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks — Country risk considerations are a standard part of Standard & Poor’s analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key factor in this analysis. An obligor’s capacity to repay foreign currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its local currency due to the sovereign government’s own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.

The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for long-term debt:

“Aaa” – Obligations rated “Aaa” are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.

“Aa” – Obligations rated “Aa” are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

“A” – Obligations rated “A” are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

“Baa” – Obligations rated “Baa” are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

“Ba” – Obligations rated “Ba” are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.

“B” – Obligations rated “B” are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

“Caa” – Obligations rated “Caa” are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

“Ca” – Obligations rated “Ca” are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

“C” – Obligations rated “C” are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

The following summarizes long-term ratings used by Fitch:

“AAA” – Securities considered to be of the highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

“AA” – Securities considered to be of very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

“A” – Securities considered to be of high credit quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

“BBB” – Securities considered to be of good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that there is currently expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment grade category.

“BB” – Securities considered to be speculative. “BB” ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.

“B” – Securities considered to be highly speculative. For issuers and performing obligations, “B” ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for extremely high recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of “RR1” (outstanding).

 

4-A


“CCC” – For issuers and performing obligations, default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic conditions. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for average to superior levels of recovery. Differences in credit quality may be denoted by plus/minus distinctions. Such obligations typically would possess a Recovery Rating of “RR2” (superior), or “RR3” (good) or “RR4” (average).

“CC” – For issuers and performing obligations, default of some kind appears probable. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with a Recovery Rating of “RR4” (average) or “RR5” (below average).

“C” – For issuers and performing obligations, default is imminent. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for below-average to poor recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of “RR6” (poor).

“RD” – Indicates an entity that has failed to make due payments (within the applicable grace period) on some but not all material financial obligations, but continues to honor other classes of obligations.

“D” – Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.

Plus (+) or minus (-) may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the “AAA” category or to categories below “CCC”.

“NR” – Denotes that Fitch does not publicly rate the associated issue or issuer.

“WD” – Indicates that the rating has been withdrawn and is no longer maintained by Fitch.

The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for long-term debt:

“AAA” — Long-term debt rated “AAA” is of the highest credit quality, with exceptionally strong protection for the timely repayment of principal and interest. Earnings are considered stable, the structure of the industry in which the entity operates is strong, and the outlook for future profitability is favorable. There are few qualifying factors present that would detract from the performance of the entity. The strength of liquidity and coverage ratios is unquestioned and the entity has established a credible track record of superior performance. Given the extremely high standard that DBRS has set for this category, few entities are able to achieve a “AAA” rating.

“AA” – Long-term debt rated “AA” is of superior credit quality, and protection of interest and principal is considered high. In many cases they differ from long-term debt rated “AAA” only to a small degree. Given the extremely restrictive definition DBRS has for the “AAA” category, entities rated “AA” are also considered to be strong credits, typically exemplifying above-average strength in key areas of consideration and unlikely to be significantly affected by reasonably foreseeable events.

“A” – Long-term debt rated “A” is of satisfactory credit quality. Protection of interest and principal is still substantial, but the degree of strength is less than that of “AA” rated entities. While “A” is a respectable rating, entities in this category are considered to be more susceptible to adverse economic conditions and have greater cyclical tendencies than higher-rated securities.

“BBB” – Long-term debt rated “BBB” is of adequate credit quality. Protection of interest and principal is considered acceptable, but the entity is fairly susceptible to adverse changes in financial and economic conditions, or there may be other adverse conditions present which reduce the strength of the entity and its rated securities.

“BB” Long-term debt rated “BB” is defined to be speculative and non-investment grade, where the degree of protection afforded interest and principal is uncertain, particularly during periods of economic recession. Entities in the “BB” range typically have limited access to capital markets and additional liquidity support. In many cases, deficiencies in critical mass, diversification, and competitive strength are additional negative considerations.

“B” – Long-term debt rated “B” is considered highly speculative and there is a reasonably high level of uncertainty as to the ability of the entity to pay interest and principal on a continuing basis in the future, especially in periods of economic recession or industry adversity.

“CCC”, CC” and “C” – Long-term debt rated in any of these categories is very highly speculative and is in danger of default of interest and principal. The degree of adverse elements present is more severe than long-term debt rated “B.” Long-term debt rated below “B” often have features which, if not remedied, may lead to default. In practice, there is little difference between these three categories, with “CC” and “C” normally used for lower ranking debt of companies for which the senior debt is rated in the “CCC” to “B” range.

 

5-A


“D” A security rated “D” implies the issuer has either not met a scheduled payment of interest or principal or that the issuer has made it clear that it will miss such a payment in the near future. In some cases, DBRS may not assign a “D” rating under a bankruptcy announcement scenario, as allowances for grace periods may exist in the underlying legal documentation. Once assigned, the “D” rating will continue as long as the missed payment continues to be in arrears, and until such time as the rating is discontinued or reinstated by DBRS.

(“high”, “low”) – Each rating category is denoted by the subcategories “high” and “low”. The absence of either a “high” or “low” designation indicates the rating is in the “middle” of the category. The “AAA” and “D” categories do not utilize “high”, “middle”, and “low” as differential grades.

Municipal Note Ratings

A Standard & Poor’s U.S. municipal note rating reflects the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. The following criteria will be used in making that assessment:

 

   

Amortization schedule-the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and

 

   

Source of payment-the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.

Note rating symbols are as follows:

“SP-1” – The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Those issues determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service are given a plus (+) designation.

“SP-2” – The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.

“SP-3” – The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

Moody’s uses three rating categories for short-term municipal obligations that are considered investment grade. These ratings are designated as Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) and are divided into three levels – “MIG-1” through “MIG-3”. In addition, those short-term obligations that are of speculative quality are designated “SG”, or speculative grade. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for these short-term obligations:

“MIG-1” – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

“MIG-2” – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.

“MIG-3” – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.

“SG” – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.

In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned; a long- or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”), using a variation of the MIG rating scale, the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or “VMIG” rating.

When either the long- or short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated “NR”, e.g., “Aaa/NR” or “NR/VMIG-1”.

VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issue’s specific structural or credit features.

“VMIG-1” – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

“VMIG-2” – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

 

6-A


“VMIG-3” – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

“SG” – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

Fitch uses the same ratings for municipal securities as described above for other short-term credit ratings.

About Credit Ratings

A Standard & Poor’s issue credit rating is a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The issue credit rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold a financial obligation, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor.

Moody’s credit ratings must be construed solely as statements of opinion and not as statements of fact or recommendations to purchase, sell or hold any securities.

Fitch’s credit ratings provide an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Fitch credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving their money back in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitch’s credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign (including supranational and sub-national), financial, bank, insurance, municipal and other public finance entities and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.

DBRS credit ratings are not buy, hold or sell recommendations, but rather the result of qualitative and quantitative analysis focusing solely on the credit quality of the issuer and its underlying obligations.

 

7-A


APPENDIX B

GSAM PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES SUMMARY

The following is a summary of the material GSAM Proxy Voting Guidelines (the “Guidelines”), which form the substantive basis of GSAM’s Policy on Proxy Voting for Client Accounts (“Policy”). As described in the main body of the Policy, one or more GSAM portfolio management teams may diverge from the Guidelines and a related Recommendation on any particular proxy vote or in connection with any individual investment decision in accordance with the override process described in the Policy.

US proxy items:

 

1.

  Operational Items      page 1-B   

2.

  Board of Directors      page 2-B   

3.

  Executive and Director Compensation      page 4-B   

4.

  Proxy Contests and Access      page 7-B   

5.

  Shareholder Rights and Defenses      page 8-B   

6.

  Mergers and Corporate Restructurings      page 8-B   

7.

  State of Incorporation      page 9-B   

8.

  Capital Structure      page 9-B   

9.

  Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)/Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) Issues      page 9-B   

International proxy items:

 

1.

  Operational Items      page 11-B   

2.

  Board of Directors      page 12-B   

3.

  Compensation      page 14-B   

4.

  Board Structure      page 15-B   

5.

  Capital Structure      page 15-B   

6.

  Other      page 17-B   

7.

  Environmental, Climate Change and Social Issues      page 18-B   

The following section is a summary of the Guidelines, which form the substantive basis of the Policy with respect to U.S. public equity investments.

 

1. Operational Items

Auditor Ratification

Vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors, unless any of the following apply within the last year:

 

  An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore not independent;
  There is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion which is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position;
  Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a serious level of concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; or material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures; or
  Fees for non-audit services are excessive.

Non-audit fees are excessive if:

 

  Non-audit fees exceed audit fees + audit-related fees + tax compliance/preparation fees.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking companies to prohibit or limit their auditors from engaging in non-audit services taking into account issues that are consistent with Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules adopted to fulfill the mandate of Sarbanes Oxley such as an audit firm providing services that would impair its independence or the overall scope and disclosure of fees for all services done by the audit firm.

 

1-B


Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking for audit firm rotation, taking into account:

 

  The tenure of the audit firm;

 

  The length of rotation specified in the proposal;

 

  Any significant audit-related issues at the company;

 

  The number of Audit Committee meetings held each year;

 

  The number of financial experts serving on the committee;

 

  Whether the company has a periodic renewal process where the auditor is evaluated for both audit quality and competitive price; and

 

  Whether the auditors are being changed without explanation.

 

2. Board of Directors

The Board of Directors should promote the interests of shareholders by acting in an oversight and/or advisory role; the board should consist of a majority of independent directors and should be held accountable for actions and results related to their responsibilities. When evaluating board composition, GSAM believes a diversity of ethnicity, gender and experience is an important consideration.

Classification of Directors

Where applicable, the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ Listing Standards definition is to be used to classify directors as insiders or affiliated outsiders. General definitions are as follows:

 

  Inside Director

 

  Employee of the company or one of its affiliates

 

  Among the five most highly paid individuals (excluding interim CEO)

 

  Listed as an officer as defined under Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934

 

  Current interim CEO

 

  Beneficial owner of more than 50 percent of the company’s voting power (this may be aggregated if voting power is distributed among more than one member of a defined group)

 

  Affiliated Outside Director

 

  Board attestation that an outside director is not independent

 

  Former CEO or other executive of the company within the last 3 years

 

  Former CEO or other executive of an acquired company within the past three years

 

  Independent Outside Director

 

  No material connection to the company other than a board seat

Additionally, GSAM will consider compensation committee interlocking directors to be affiliated (defined as CEOs who sit on each other’s compensation committees).

Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections

Vote on director nominees should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from individual directors who:

 

  Attend less than 75 percent of the board and committee meetings without a disclosed valid excuse for each of the last two years;

 

  Sit on more than six public company boards;

 

  Are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public companies besides their own—withhold only at their outside boards.

 

2-B


Other items considered for an AGAINST vote include specific concerns about the individual or the company, such as criminal wrongdoing or breach of fiduciary responsibilities, sanctions from government or authority, violations of laws and regulations, or other issues related to improper business practice.

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from Inside Directors and Affiliated Outside Directors (per the Classification of Directors above) when:

  The inside or affiliated outside director serves on the audit, compensation, or nominating (vote against affiliated directors only for nominating) committees;

 

  The company lacks an audit compensation, or nominating (vote against affiliated directors only for nominating) committee so that the full board functions as that committee and insiders are participating in voting on matters that independent committees should be voting on;

 

  The full board is less than majority independent (in this case withhold from affiliated outside directors); at controlled companies, GSAM will vote against the election of affiliated outsiders and nominees affiliated with the parent and will not vote against the executives of the issuer.

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from members of the appropriate committee for the following reasons (or independent Chairman or lead director in cases of a classified board and members of appropriate committee are not up for reelection). Extreme cases may warrant a vote against the entire board.

 

  Material failures of governance, stewardship, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company;

 

  Egregious actions related to the director(s)’ service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company;

 

  At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the underlying issue(s) that caused the high withhold/against vote (members of the Nominating or Governance Committees);

 

  The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received approval of the majority of shares cast for the previous two consecutive years (a management proposal with other than a FOR recommendation by management will not be considered as sufficient action taken); an adopted proposal that is substantially similar to the original shareholder proposal will be deemed sufficient; (vote against members of the committee of the board that is responsible for the issue under consideration). If GSAM did not support the shareholder proposal in both years, GSAM will still vote against the committee member (s)

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Audit Committee if:

 

  The non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive;

 

  The company receives an adverse opinion on the company’s financial statements from its auditor; or

 

  There is persuasive evidence that the audit committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on members of the Audit Committee and/or the full board if poor accounting practices, which rise to a level of serious concern are identified, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures.

Examine the severity, breadth, chronological sequence and duration, as well as the company’s efforts at remediation or corrective actions in determining whether negative vote recommendations are warranted against the members of the Audit Committee who are responsible for the poor accounting practices, or the entire board.

See section 3 on executive and director compensation for reasons to withhold from members of the Compensation Committee.

In limited circumstances, GSAM may vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from all nominees of the board of directors (except from new nominees who should be considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis and except as discussed below) if:

 

  The company’s poison pill has a dead-hand or modified dead-hand feature for two or more years. Vote against/withhold every year until this feature is removed; however, vote against the poison pill if there is one on the ballot with this feature rather than the director;

 

3-B


  The board adopts or renews a poison pill without shareholder approval, does not commit to putting it to shareholder vote within 12 months of adoption (or in the case of an newly public company, does not commit to put the pill to a shareholder vote within 12 months following the IPO), or reneges on a commitment to put the pill to a vote, and has not yet received a withhold/against recommendation for this issue;

 

  The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of the shareholders tendered their shares;

 

  If in an extreme situation the board lacks accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor performance relative to peers.

Shareholder proposal regarding Independent Chair (Separate Chair/CEO)

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

GSAM will generally recommend a vote AGAINST shareholder proposals requiring that the chairman’s position be filled by an independent director, if the company satisfies 3 of the 4 following criteria:

 

  Designated lead director, elected by and from the independent board members with clearly delineated and comprehensive duties;

 

  Two-thirds independent board;

 

  All independent key committees; or

 

  Established, disclosed governance guidelines.

Majority Vote Shareholder Proposals

GSAM will vote FOR proposals requesting that the board adopt majority voting in the election of directors provided it does not conflict with the state law where the company is incorporated.

GSAM also looks for companies to adopt a post-election policy outlining how the company will address the situation of a holdover director.

Cumulative Vote Shareholder Proposals

GSAM will generally support shareholder proposals to restore or provide cumulative voting unless:

 

  The company has adopted majority vote standard with a carve-out for plurality voting in situations where there are more nominees than seats, and a director resignation policy to address failed elections.

 

3. Executive and Director Compensation

Pay Practices

Good pay practices should align management’s interests with long-term shareholder value creation. Detailed disclosure of compensation criteria is preferred; proof that companies follow the criteria should be evident and retroactive performance target changes without proper disclosure is not viewed favorably. Compensation practices should allow a company to attract and retain proven talent. Some examples of poor pay practices include: abnormally large bonus payouts without justifiable performance linkage or proper disclosure, egregious employment contracts, excessive severance and/or change in control provisions, repricing or replacing of underwater stock options/stock appreciation rights without prior shareholder approval, and excessive perquisites. A company should also have an appropriate balance of short-term vs. long-term metrics and the metrics should be aligned with business goals and objectives.

If the company maintains problematic or poor pay practices, generally vote first:

 

  AGAINST Management Say on Pay (MSOP) Proposals or;

 

  AGAINST an equity-based incentive plan proposal if excessive non-performance-based equity awards are the major contributor to a pay-for-performance misalignment, then;

 

4-B


  If no MSOP or equity-based incentive plan proposal item is on the ballot, AGAINST/WITHHOLD on compensation committee members

Equity Compensation Plans

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on equity-based compensation plans. Reasons to vote AGAINST the equity plan could include the following factors:

 

  The plan is a vehicle for poor pay practices;

 

  The plan expressly permits the repricing of stock options/stock appreciation rights (SARs) without prior shareholder approval OR does not expressly prohibit the repricing without shareholder approval;

 

  The CEO is a participant in the proposed equity-based compensation plan and there is a disconnect between CEO pay and the company’s performance where over 50 percent of the year-over-year increase is attributed to equity awards;

 

  The company’s three year burn rate and Shareholder Value Transfer (SVT) calculations both materially exceed industry group metrics; or

 

  There is a long-term disconnect between CEO pay and the company’s total shareholder return in conjunction with the qualitative overlay as outlined in the policy guidelines OR the company has a poor record of compensation practices, which is highlighted either in analysis of the compensation plan or the evaluation of the election of directors.

Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay, MSOP) Management Proposals

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals for an advisory vote on executive compensation. For U.S. companies, consider the following factors in the context of each company’s specific circumstances and the board’s disclosed rationale for its practices. In general two or more of the following in conjunction with a long-term pay-for-performance disconnect will warrant an AGAINST vote. If there is not a long-term pay for performance disconnect GSAM will look for multiple problematic factors to be present to warrant a vote against.

Relative Considerations:

 

  Assessment of performance metrics relative to business strategy, as discussed and explained in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis (CD&A) section of a company’s proxy;

 

  Evaluation of peer groups used to set target pay or award opportunities;

 

  Alignment of long-term company performance and executive pay trends over time;

 

  Assessment of disparity between total pay of the CEO and other Named Executive Officers (NEOs).

Design Considerations:

 

  Balance of fixed versus performance-driven pay;

 

  Assessment of excessive practices with respect to perks, severance packages, supplemental executive pension plans, and burn rates.

Communication Considerations:

 

  Evaluation of information and board rationale provided in CD&A about how compensation is determined (e.g., why certain elements and pay targets are used, and specific incentive plan goals, especially retrospective goals); Assessment of board’s responsiveness to investor input and engagement on compensation issues (e.g., in responding to majority-supported shareholder proposals on executive pay topics).

Other considerations include:

 

  Board responsiveness to the majority vote outcome of previous frequency on pay votes

 

  Boards responsiveness if company received 70% or less shareholder support in the previous years MSOP vote

 

  Abnormally large bonus payouts without justifiable performance linkage or proper disclosure:

 

  Includes performance metrics that are changed, canceled, or replaced during the performance period without adequate explanation of the action and the link to performance

 

  Egregious employment contracts

 

  Excessive severance and/or change in control provisions

 

  Repricing or replacing of underwater stock options/stock appreciation rights without prior shareholder approval

 

  Excessive Perquisites

 

5-B


The following reasons could warrant a vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Compensation Committee:

 

  The company fails to submit one-time transfers of stock options to a shareholder vote;

 

  The company fails to fulfill the terms of a burn rate commitment they made to shareholders; or

 

  The company has backdated options.

Other Compensation Proposals and Policies

Employee Stock Purchase Plans — Non-Qualified Plans

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on nonqualified employee stock purchase plans. Vote FOR nonqualified employee stock purchase plans with all the following features:

 

  Broad-based participation (i.e., all employees of the company with the exclusion of individuals with 5 percent or more of beneficial ownership of the company);

 

  Limits on employee contribution, which may be a fixed dollar amount or expressed as a percent of base salary;

 

  Company matching contribution up to 25 percent of employee’s contribution, which is effectively a discount of 20 percent from market value; and

 

  No discount on the stock price on the date of purchase since there is a company matching contribution.

Option Exchange Programs/Repricing Options

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals seeking approval to exchange/reprice options, taking into consideration:

 

  Historic trading patterns—the stock price should not be so volatile that the options are likely to be back “in-the-money” over the near term;

 

  Rationale for the re-pricing

 

  If it is a value-for-value exchange

 

  If surrendered stock options are added back to the plan reserve

 

  Option vesting

 

  Term of the option—the term should remain the same as that of the replaced option;

 

  Exercise price—should be set at fair market or a premium to market;

 

  Participants—executive officers and directors should be excluded.

Vote FOR shareholder proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote.

Other Shareholder Proposals on Compensation

Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Frequency on Pay)

Vote for annual frequency.

Golden Coffins/Executive Death Benefits

Generally vote FOR proposals calling on companies to adopt a policy of obtaining shareholder approval for any future agreements and corporate policies that could oblige the company to make payments or awards following the death of a senior executive in the form of unearned salary or bonuses, accelerated vesting or the continuation in force of unvested equity grants, perquisites and other payments or awards made in lieu of compensation. This would not apply to any benefit programs or equity plan proposals for which the broad-based employee population is eligible.

 

6-B


Stock retention holding period

Vote FOR Shareholder proposals asking for a policy requiring that senior executives retain a significant percentage of shares acquired through equity compensation programs if the policy allows retention for two years or less following the termination of their employment (through retirement or otherwise) and a holding threshold percentage of 50% or less.

Also consider:

 

  Whether the company has any holding period, retention ratio, or officer ownership requirements in place.

Elimination of accelerated vesting in the event of a change in control

Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals seeking a policy eliminating the accelerated vesting of time-based equity awards in the event of a change in control.

Tax Gross-Up Proposals

Generally vote FOR proposals asking companies to adopt a policy of not providing tax gross-up payments to executives, except where gross-ups are provided pursuant to a plan, policy, or arrangement applicable to management employees of the company, such as a relocation or expatriate tax equalization policy.

Performance-based equity awards and pay-for-superior-performance proposals

Generally support unless there is sufficient evidence that the current compensation structure is already substantially performance-based. GSAM considers performance-based awards to include awards that are tied to shareholder return or other metrics that are relevant to the business.

 

4. Proxy Contests and Access

Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following factors:

 

  Long-term financial performance of the target company relative to its industry;

 

  Management’s track record;

 

  Background to the proxy contest;

 

  Qualifications of director nominees (both slates);

 

  Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of critique against management;

 

  Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates);

 

  Stock ownership positions.

Proxy Access

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder or management proposals asking for open proxy access.

GSAM may support proxy access as an important right for shareholders and as an alternative to costly proxy contests. While this could be an important shareholder right, the following will be taken into account when evaluating the shareholder proposals:

 

  The ownership thresholds, percentage and duration proposed (GSAM will not support if the ownership threshold is less than 3%); The maximum proportion of directors that shareholders may nominate each year (GSAM will not support if the proportion of directors is greater than 25%);

 

  The method of determining which nominations should appear on the ballot if multiple shareholders submit nominations.

Reimbursing Proxy Solicitation Expenses

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses. When voting in conjunction with support of a dissident slate, vote FOR the reimbursement of all appropriate proxy solicitation expenses associated with the election.

 

7-B


5. Shareholders Rights & Defenses

Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals that provide shareholders with the ability to act by written consent, unless:

 

  The company already gives shareholders the right to call special meetings at a threshold of 25% or lower; and

 

  The company has a history of strong governance practices.

Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings

Generally vote FOR management proposals that provide shareholders with the ability to call special meetings.

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals that provide shareholders with the ability to call special meetings at a threshold of 25% or lower if the company currently does not give shareholders the right to call special meetings. However, if a company already gives shareholders the right to call special meetings at a threshold of at least 25%, do not support shareholder proposals to further reduce the threshold.

Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Proposals/Nominations

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on advance notice proposals, giving support to proposals that allow shareholders to submit proposals/nominations reasonably close to the meeting date and within the broadest window possible, recognizing the need to allow sufficient notice for company, regulatory and shareholder review.

Poison Pills

Vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that the company submit its poison pill to a shareholder vote or redeem it UNLESS the company has: (1) A shareholder-approved poison pill in place; or (2) the company has adopted a policy concerning the adoption of a pill in the future specifying certain shareholder friendly provisions.

Vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for poison pills to be put to a vote within a time period of less than one year after adoption.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals on poison pill ratification, focusing on the features of the shareholder rights plan.

In addition, the rationale for adopting the pill should be thoroughly explained by the company. In examining the request for the pill, take into consideration the company’s existing governance structure, including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, and any problematic governance concerns.

 

6. Mergers and Corporate Restructurings

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following based on publicly available information:

 

  Valuation;

 

  Market reaction;

 

  Strategic rationale;

 

  Management’s track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions;

 

  Presence of conflicts of interest; and

 

  Governance profile of the combined company.

 

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7. State of Incorporation

Reincorporation Proposals

GSAM may support management proposals to reincorporate as long as the reincorporation would not substantially diminish shareholder rights. GSAM may not support shareholder proposals for reincorporation unless the current state of incorporation is substantially less shareholder friendly than the proposed reincorporation, there is a strong economic case to reincorporate or the company has a history of making decisions that are not shareholder friendly.

Exclusive venue for shareholder lawsuits

Generally Vote FOR on exclusive venue proposals, taking into account:

 

  Whether the company has been materially harmed by shareholder litigation outside its jurisdiction of incorporation, based on disclosure in the company’s proxy statement;

 

  Whether the company has the following good governance features:

 

  An annually elected board;

 

  A majority vote standard in uncontested director elections; and

 

  The absence of a poison pill, unless the pill was approved by shareholders.

 

8. Capital Structure

Common Stock Authorization

Votes on proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance are determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. We consider company-specific factors that include, at a minimum, the following:

 

  Past Board performance;

 

  The company’s use of authorized shares during the last three years;

 

  One- and three-year total shareholder return;

 

  The board’s governance structure and practices;

 

  The current request;

 

  Disclosure in the proxy statement of specific reasons for the proposed increase;

 

  The dilutive impact of the request as determined through an allowable increase, which examines the company’s need for shares and total shareholder returns; and

 

  Risks to shareholders of not approving the request.

 

9. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)/Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) Issues

Overall Approach

GSAM recognizes that Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) factors can affect investment performance, expose potential investment risks and provide an indication of management excellence and leadership. When evaluating ESG proxy issues GSAM balances the purpose of a proposal with the overall benefit to shareholders.

Shareholder proposals considered under this category could include: Reports asking for details on 1) labor and safety policies, 2) impact on the environment of the company’s oil sands or fracturing operations or 3) water-related risks

When evaluating social and environmental shareholder proposals the following factors should be considered:

 

  Whether adoption of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value;

 

  Whether the information requested concerns business issues that relate to a meaningful percentage of the company’s business;

 

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  The degree to which the company’s stated position on the issues raised in the proposal could affect its reputation or sales, or leave it vulnerable to a boycott or selective purchasing;

 

  Whether the company has already responded in some appropriate manner to the request embodied in the proposal;

 

  What other companies have done in response to the issue addressed in the proposal;

 

  Whether the proposal itself is well framed and the cost of preparing the report is reasonable;

 

  Whether the subject of the proposal is best left to the discretion of the board;

 

  Whether the company has material fines or violations in the area and if so, if appropriate actions have already been taken to remedy going forward;

 

  Whether the requested information is available to shareholders either from the company or from a publicly available source; and

 

  Whether providing this information would reveal proprietary or confidential information that would place the company at a competitive disadvantage.

Sustainability, climate change reporting

Generally vote FOR proposals requesting the company to report on its policies, initiatives, and oversight mechanisms related to social, economic, and environmental sustainability, or how the company may be impacted by climate change. The following factors will be considered:

 

  The company’s current level of publicly-available disclosure including if the company already discloses similar information through existing reports or policies

 

  If the company has formally committed to the implementation of a reporting program based on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines or a similar standard within a specified time frame;

 

  If the company’s current level of disclosure is comparable to that of its industry peers; and

 

  If there are significant controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company’s environmental performance.

Establishing goals or targets for emissions reduction

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals that call for the adoption of GHG reduction goals from products and operations, taking into account:

 

  Overly prescriptive requests for the reduction in GHG emissions by specific amounts or within a specific time frame;

 

  Whether company disclosure lags behind industry peers;

 

  Whether the company has been the subject of recent, significant violations, fines, litigation, or controversy related to GHG emissions;

 

  The feasibility of reduction of GHGs given the company’s product line and current technology and;

 

  Whether the company already provides meaningful disclosure on GHG emissions from its products and operations.

Political Contributions and Trade Association Spending/Lobbying Expenditures and Initiatives

Generally vote AGAINST proposals asking the company to affirm political nonpartisanship in the workplace so long as:

 

  There are no recent, significant controversies, fines or litigation regarding the company’s political contributions or trade association spending; and

 

  The company has procedures in place to ensure that employee contributions to company-sponsored political action committees (PACs) are strictly voluntary and prohibits coercion.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to improve the disclosure of a company’s political contributions and trade association spending, considering:

 

  Recent significant controversy or litigation related to the company’s political contributions or governmental affairs;

 

  The public availability of a company policy on political contributions and trade association spending including information on the types of organizations supported, the business rationale for supporting these organizations, and the oversight and compliance procedures related to such expenditures of corporate assets; and

GSAM will not necessarily vote for the proposal merely to encourage further disclosure of trade association or lobbying spending.

 

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Vote AGAINST proposals barring the company from making political contributions. Businesses are affected by legislation at the federal, state, and local level and barring political contributions can put the company at a competitive disadvantage.

Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation

A company should have a clear, public Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) statement and/or diversity policy. Generally vote FOR proposals seeking to amend a company’s EEO statement or diversity policies to additionally prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity.

Labor and Human Rights Standards

Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a report or implementation of a policy on company or company supplier labor and/or human rights standards and policies unless such information is already publicly disclosed considering:

 

  The degree to which existing relevant policies and practices are disclosed;

 

  Whether or not existing relevant policies are consistent with internationally recognized standards;

 

  Whether company facilities and those of its suppliers are monitored and how;

 

  Company participation in fair labor organizations or other internationally recognized human rights initiatives;

 

  Scope and nature of business conducted in markets known to have higher risk of workplace labor/human rights abuse;

 

  Recent, significant company controversies, fines, or litigation regarding human rights at the company or its suppliers;

 

  The scope of the request; and

 

  Deviation from industry sector peer company standards and practices.

The following section is a broad summary of the Guidelines, which form the basis of the Policy with respect to non-U.S. public equity investments. Applying these guidelines is subject to certain regional and country-specific exceptions and modifications and is not inclusive of all considerations in each market.

 

1. Operational Items

Financial Results/Director and Auditor Reports

Vote FOR approval of financial statements and director and auditor reports, unless:

 

  There are concerns about the accounts presented or audit procedures used; or

 

  The company is not responsive to shareholder questions about specific items that should be publicly disclosed.

Appointment of Auditors and Auditor Fees

Vote FOR the reelection of auditors and proposals authorizing the board to fix auditor fees, unless:

 

  There are serious concerns about the accounts presented, audit procedures used or audit opinion rendered;

 

  There is reason to believe that the auditor has rendered an opinion, which is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position;

 

  Name of the proposed auditor has not been published;

 

  The auditors are being changed without explanation; non-audit-related fees are substantial or are in excess of standard annual audit-related fees; or the appointment of external auditors if they have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.

Appointment of Statutory Auditors

Vote FOR the appointment or reelection of statutory auditors, unless:

 

  There are serious concerns about the statutory reports presented or the audit procedures used;

 

  Questions exist concerning any of the statutory auditors being appointed; or

 

  The auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.

 

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Allocation of Income

Vote FOR approval of the allocation of income, unless:

 

  The dividend payout ratio has been consistently low without adequate explanation; or

 

  The payout is excessive given the company’s financial position.

Stock (Scrip) Dividend Alternative

Vote FOR most stock (scrip) dividend proposals.

Vote AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the cash option is harmful to shareholder value.

Amendments to Articles of Association

Vote amendments to the articles of association on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Change in Company Fiscal Term

Vote FOR resolutions to change a company’s fiscal term unless a company’s motivation for the change is to postpone its AGM.

Lower Disclosure Threshold for Stock Ownership

Vote AGAINST resolutions to lower the stock ownership disclosure threshold below 5 percent unless specific reasons exist to implement a lower threshold.

Amend Quorum Requirements

Vote proposals to amend quorum requirements for shareholder meetings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Transact Other Business

Vote AGAINST other business when it appears as a voting item.

 

2. Board of Directors

Director Elections

Vote FOR management nominees in the election of directors, unless:

 

  Adequate disclosure has not been provided in a timely manner; or

 

  There are clear concerns over questionable finances or restatements; or

 

  There have been questionable transactions or conflicts of interest; or

 

  There are any records of abuses against minority shareholder interests; or

 

  The board fails to meet minimum corporate governance standards. or

 

  There are reservations about:

 

  Director terms

 

  Bundling of proposals to elect directors

 

  Board independence

 

  Disclosure of named nominees

 

  Combined Chairman/CEO

 

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  Election of former CEO as Chairman of the Board

 

  Overboarded directors

 

  Composition of committees

 

  Director independence

 

  Specific concerns about the individual or company, such as criminal wrongdoing or breach of fiduciary responsibilities;

 

  Repeated absences at board meetings have not been explained (in countries where this information is disclosed); or

 

  Unless there are other considerations which may include sanctions from government or authority, violations of laws and regulations, or other issues related to improper business practice, failure to replace management, or egregious actions related to service on other boards.

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis in contested elections of directors, e.g., the election of shareholder nominees or the dismissal of incumbent directors, determining which directors are best suited to add value for shareholders.

The analysis will generally be based on, but not limited to, the following major decision factors:

 

  Company performance relative to its peers;

 

  Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents;

 

  Independence of board candidates;

 

  Experience and skills of board candidates;

 

  Governance profile of the company;

 

  Evidence of management entrenchment;

 

  Responsiveness to shareholders;

 

  Whether a takeover offer has been rebuffed;

 

  Whether minority or majority representation is being sought.

Vote FOR employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee and are required by law to be on those committees.

Vote AGAINST employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee, if they are not required to be on those committees.

Classification of directors

Executive Director

 

  Employee or executive of the company;

 

Any director who is classified as a non-executive, but receives salary, fees, bonus, and/or other benefits that are in line with the highest-paid executives of the company.

Non-Independent Non-Executive Director (NED)

 

  Any director who is attested by the board to be a non-independent NED;

 

  Any director specifically designated as a representative of a significant shareholder of the company;

 

  Any director who is also an employee or executive of a significant shareholder of the company;

 

Beneficial owner (direct or indirect) of at least 10% of the company’s stock, either in economic terms or in voting rights (this may be aggregated if voting power is distributed among more than one member of a defined group, e.g., family members who beneficially own less than 10% individually, but collectively own more than 10%), unless market best practice dictates a lower ownership and/or disclosure threshold (and in other special market-specific circumstances);

 

  Government representative;

 

Currently provides (or a relative provides) professional services to the company, to an affiliate of the company, or to an individual officer of the company or of one of its affiliates in excess of $10,000 per year;

 

  Represents customer, supplier, creditor, banker, or other entity with which company maintains transactional/commercial relationship (unless company discloses information to apply a materiality test);

 

  Any director who has conflicting or cross-directorships with executive directors or the chairman of the company;

 

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  Relative of a current employee of the company or its affiliates;

 

  Relative of a former executive of the company or its affiliates;

 

A new appointee elected other than by a formal process through the General Meeting (such as a contractual appointment by a substantial shareholder);

 

  Founder/co-founder/member of founding family but not currently an employee;

 

  Former executive (5 year cooling off period);

 

Years of service is generally not a determining factor unless it is recommended best practice in a market and/or in extreme circumstances, in which case it may be considered;

 

Any additional relationship or principle considered to compromise independence under local corporate governance best practice guidance.

Independent NED

 

  No material connection, either directly or indirectly, to the company other than a board seat.

Employee Representative

 

  Represents employees or employee shareholders of the company (classified as “employee representative” but considered a non-independent NED).

Discharge of Directors

Generally vote FOR the discharge of directors, including members of the management board and/or supervisory board, unless there is reliable information about significant and compelling controversies that the board is not fulfilling its fiduciary duties warranted by:

 

  A lack of oversight or actions by board members which invoke shareholder distrust related to malfeasance or poor supervision, such as operating in private or company interest rather than in shareholder interest; or

 

  Any legal issues (e.g., civil/criminal) aiming to hold the board responsible for breach of trust in the past or related to currently alleged actions yet to be confirmed (and not only the fiscal year in question), such as price fixing, insider trading, bribery, fraud, and other illegal actions; or

 

  Other egregious governance issues where shareholders may bring legal action against the company or its directors; or

 

  Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis where a vote against other agenda items are deemed inappropriate.

 

3. Compensation

Good pay practices should align management’s interests with long-term shareholder value creation. Detailed disclosure of compensation criteria is preferred; proof that companies follow the criteria should be evident and retroactive performance target changes without proper disclosure is not viewed favorably. Compensation practices should allow a company to attract and retain proven talent. Some examples of poor pay practices include: abnormally large bonus payouts without justifiable performance linkage or proper disclosure, egregious employment contracts, excessive severance and/or change in control provisions, repricing or replacing of underwater stock options/stock appreciation rights without prior shareholder approval, and excessive perquisites. A company should also have an appropriate balance of short-term vs. long-term metrics and the metrics should be aligned with business goals and objectives.

Director Compensation

Vote FOR proposals to award cash fees to non-executive directors unless the amounts are excessive relative to other companies in the country or industry.

Vote non-executive director compensation proposals that include both cash and share-based components on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Vote proposals that bundle compensation for both non-executive and executive directors into a single resolution on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Vote AGAINST proposals to introduce retirement benefits for non-executive directors.

 

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Compensation Plans

Vote compensation plans on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Director, Officer, and Auditor Indemnification and Liability Provisions

Vote proposals seeking indemnification and liability protection for directors and officers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Vote AGAINST proposals to indemnify auditors.

 

4. Board Structure

Vote FOR proposals to fix board size.

Vote AGAINST the introduction of classified boards and mandatory retirement ages for directors.

Vote AGAINST proposals to alter board structure or size in the context of a fight for control of the company or the board.

Chairman CEO combined role (for applicable markets)

GSAM will generally recommend a vote AGAINST shareholder proposals requiring that the chairman’s position be filled by an independent director, if the company satisfies 3 of the 4 following criteria:

 

  2/3 independent board, or majority in countries where employee representation is common practice;

 

A designated, or a rotating, lead director, elected by and from the independent board members with clearly delineated and comprehensive duties;

 

  Fully independent key committees; and/or

 

  Established, publicly disclosed, governance guidelines and director biographies/profiles.

 

5. Capital Structure

Share Issuance Requests

General Issuances:

Vote FOR issuance requests with preemptive rights to a maximum of 100 percent over currently issued capital.

Vote FOR issuance requests without preemptive rights to a maximum of 20 percent of currently issued capital.

Specific Issuances:

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on all requests, with or without preemptive rights.

Increases in Authorized Capital

Vote FOR non-specific proposals to increase authorized capital up to 100 percent over the current authorization unless the increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding.

Vote FOR specific proposals to increase authorized capital to any amount, unless:

 

  The specific purpose of the increase (such as a share-based acquisition or merger) does not meet guidelines for the purpose being proposed; or

 

  The increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding after adjusting for all proposed issuances.

 

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Vote AGAINST proposals to adopt unlimited capital authorizations.

Reduction of Capital

Vote FOR proposals to reduce capital for routine accounting purposes unless the terms are unfavorable to shareholders.

Vote proposals to reduce capital in connection with corporate restructuring on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Capital Structures

Vote FOR resolutions that seek to maintain or convert to a one-share, one-vote capital structure.

Vote AGAINST requests for the creation or continuation of dual-class capital structures or the creation of new or additional super voting shares.

Preferred Stock

Vote FOR the creation of a new class of preferred stock or for issuances of preferred stock up to 50 percent of issued capital unless the terms of the preferred stock would adversely affect the rights of existing shareholders.

Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible preferred stock as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets guidelines on equity issuance requests.

Vote AGAINST the creation of a new class of preference shares that would carry superior voting rights to the common shares.

Vote AGAINST the creation of blank check preferred stock unless the board clearly states that the authorization will not be used to thwart a takeover bid.

Vote proposals to increase blank check preferred authorizations on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Debt Issuance Requests

Vote non-convertible debt issuance requests on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, with or without preemptive rights.

Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible debt instruments as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets guidelines on equity issuance requests.

Vote FOR proposals to restructure existing debt arrangements unless the terms of the restructuring would adversely affect the rights of shareholders.

Pledging of Assets for Debt

Vote proposals to approve the pledging of assets for debt on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Increase in Borrowing Powers

Vote proposals to approve increases in a company’s borrowing powers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Share Repurchase Plans

GSAM will generally recommend FOR share repurchase programs if the terms comply with the following criteria:

 

  A repurchase limit of up to 10 percent of outstanding issued share capital (15 percent in U.K./Ireland);

 

  A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a company’s issued share capital in treasury (“on the shelf”); and

 

  Duration of no more than 5 years, or such lower threshold as may be set by applicable law, regulation, or code of governance best practice.

 

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In markets where it is normal practice not to provide a repurchase limit, the proposal will be evaluated based on the company’s historical practice. In such cases, the authority must comply with the following criteria:

 

  A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a company’s issued share capital in treasury (“on the shelf”); and

 

  Duration of no more than 5 years.

In addition, vote AGAINST any proposal where:

 

  The repurchase can be used for takeover defenses;

 

  There is clear evidence of abuse;

 

  There is no safeguard against selective buybacks;

 

  Pricing provisions and safeguards are deemed to be unreasonable in light of market practice.

Reissuance of Repurchased Shares

Vote FOR requests to reissue any repurchased shares unless there is clear evidence of abuse of this authority in the past.

Capitalization of Reserves for Bonus Issues/Increase in Par Value

Vote FOR requests to capitalize reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase par value.

 

6. Other

Reorganizations/Restructurings

Vote reorganizations and restructurings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Mergers and Acquisitions

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following based on publicly available information:

 

  Valuation;

 

  Market reaction;

 

  Strategic rationale;

 

  Management’s track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions;

 

  Presence of conflicts of interest; and

 

  Governance profile of the combined company.

Mandatory Takeover Bid Waivers

Vote proposals to waive mandatory takeover bid requirements on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Antitakeover Mechanisms

Generally vote AGAINST all antitakeover proposals, unless they are structured in such a way that they give shareholders the ultimate decision on any proposal or offer.

Reincorporation Proposals

Vote reincorporation proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

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Expansion of Business Activities

Vote FOR resolutions to expand business activities unless the new business takes the company into inappropriately risky areas.

Related-Party Transactions

Vote related-party transactions on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering factors including, but not limited to, the following:

 

  The parties on either side of the transaction;

 

  The nature of the asset to be transferred/service to be provided;

 

  The pricing of the transaction (and any associated professional valuation);

 

  The views of independent directors (where provided);

 

  The views of an independent financial adviser (where appointed);

 

  Whether any entities party to the transaction (including advisers) is conflicted; and

 

  The stated rationale for the transaction, including discussions of timing.

Shareholder Proposals

Vote all shareholder proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Vote FOR proposals that would improve the company’s corporate governance or business profile at a reasonable cost.

Vote AGAINST proposals that limit the company’s business activities or capabilities or result in significant costs being incurred with little or no benefit.

 

7. Environmental, climate change and social issues

 

  Please refer to page 9 for our current approach to these important topics.

 

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APPENDIX C

STATEMENT OF INTENTION

(applicable only to Class A Shares)

If a shareholder anticipates purchasing within a 13-month period Class A Shares of the Fund alone or in combination with Class A Shares of another Goldman Sachs Fund in the amount of $50,000 or more, the shareholder may obtain shares of the Fund at the same reduced sales charge as though the total quantity were invested in one lump sum by checking and filing the Statement of Intention in the Account Application. Income dividends and capital gain distributions taken in additional shares, as well as any appreciation on shares previously purchased, will not apply toward the completion of the Statement of Intention.

To ensure that the reduced price will be received on future purchases, the investor must inform Goldman Sachs that the Statement of Intention is in effect each time shares are purchased. Subject to the conditions mentioned below, each purchase will be made at the public offering price applicable to a single transaction of the dollar amount specified on the Account Application. The investor makes no commitment to purchase additional shares, but if the investor’s purchases within 13 months plus the value of shares credited toward completion do not total the sum specified, the investor will pay the increased amount of the sales charge prescribed in the Escrow Agreement.

Escrow Agreement

Out of the initial purchase (or subsequent purchases if necessary), 5% of the dollar amount specified on the Account Application will be held in escrow by the Transfer Agent in the form of shares registered in the investor’s name. All income dividends and capital gains distributions on escrowed shares will be paid to the investor or to his or her order. When the minimum investment so specified is completed (either prior to or by the end of the 13th month), the investor will be notified and the escrowed shares will be released.

If the intended investment is not completed, the investor will be asked to remit to Goldman Sachs any difference between the sales charge on the amount specified and on the amount actually attained. If the investor does not within 20 days after written request by Goldman Sachs pay such difference in the sales charge, the Transfer Agent will redeem, pursuant to the authority given by the investor in the Account Application, an appropriate number of the escrowed shares in order to realize such difference. Shares remaining after any such redemption will be released by the Transfer Agent.

 

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