REMEDIAL LIABILITIES

The changes to remedial liabilities from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2012 were as follows (in thousands):



	Remedial Liabilities for Landfill Sites			Remedial Liabilities for Inactive Sites			Remedial Liabilities (Including Superfund) for Non-Landfill Operations			Total
Balance at January 1, 2011	$	5,511		$	82,354		$	49,748		$	137,613
Liabilities assumed in acquisitions	—			—			100			100
Accretion	271			3,780			2,247			6,298
Changes in estimates recorded to statement of income	(55		)	(3,825		)	2,442			(1,438		)
Expenditures	(71		)	(3,852		)	(2,864		)	(6,787		)
Currency translation and other	(56		)	(8		)	(402		)	(466		)
Balance at December 31, 2011	5,600			78,449			51,271			135,320
Liabilities assumed in Safety-Kleen acquisition	—			—			42,543			42,543
Accretion	276			3,456			2,192			5,924
Changes in estimates recorded to statement of income	(31		)	(5,978		)	(3,643		)	(9,652		)
Expenditures	(82		)	(4,851		)	(2,413		)	(7,346		)
Currency translation and other	66			3			362			431
Balance at December 31, 2012	$	5,829		$	71,079		$	90,312		$	167,220

In 2012, the benefit resulting from the changes in estimates for inactive sites primarily related to three sites. Updates to the scope of work at two sites and favorable environmental studies at a third site led to reductions in related remedial liabilities. The benefit resulting from the changes in estimates for non-landfill sites was primarily due to the implementation of a new technology to replace the traditional pump and treat method of handling wastewater at one site.

In 2011, the benefit resulting from the changes in estimates for inactive sites primarily related to four sites. Installation of a solar array system led to lower estimated future utility costs at one site; favorable environmental studies and regulatory approvals were achieved at a second and third site; and utilization of internal labor rather than external contractors at a fourth site enabled the Company to reduce its estimate of remediation costs. The increase in remedial liabilities due to changes in estimates for non-landfill sites was primarily due to the finalization of the corrective action plan at one site.

Anticipated payments at December 31, 2012 (based on current estimated costs and anticipated timing of necessary regulatory approvals to commence work on remedial activities) for each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):



Year ending December 31,
2013	$	16,446
2014	16,348
2015	15,501
2016	12,456
2017	9,334
Thereafter	137,442
Undiscounted remedial liabilities	207,527
Less: Discount	(40,307		)
Total remedial liabilities	$	167,220

Based on currently available facts and legal interpretations, existing technology, and presently enacted laws and regulations, the Company estimates that its aggregate liabilities as of December 31, 2012 for future remediation relating to all of its owned or leased facilities and the Superfund sites for which the Company has current or potential future liability is approximately $167.2 million. The Company also estimates that it is reasonably possible that the amount of such total liabilities could be as much as $21.5 million more. Future changes in either available technology or applicable laws or regulations could affect such estimates of remedial liabilities. Since the Company's satisfaction of the liabilities will occur over many years, the Company cannot now reasonably predict the nature or extent of future changes in either available technology or applicable laws or regulations and the impact that those changes, if any, might have on the current estimates of remedial liabilities.

The following tables show, respectively, (i) the amounts of such estimated liabilities associated with the types of facilities and sites involved and (ii) the amounts of such estimated liabilities associated with each facility or site which represents at least 5% of the total and with all other facilities and sites as a group.

Estimates Based on Type of Facility or Site (in thousands):



Type of Facility or Site	Remedial Liability		% of Total		Reasonably Possible Additional Liabilities(1)
Facilities now used in active conduct of the Company's business (29 facilities)	$	81,883	49.0	%	$	10,932
Inactive facilities not now used in active conduct of the Company's business but most of which were acquired because the assumption of remedial liabilities for such facilities was part of the purchase price for the CSD assets (17 facilities)	71,079		42.5		9,118
Superfund sites owned by third parties (29 sites)	14,258		8.5		1,426
Total	$	167,220	100.0	%	$	21,476

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(1)	Amounts represent the high end of the range of management's best estimate of the reasonably possible additional liabilities.

Estimates Based on Amount of Potential Liability (in thousands):



Location	Type of Facility or Site	Remedial Liability		% of Total		Reasonably Possible Additional Liabilities(1)
Baton Rouge, LA(2)	Closed incinerator and landfill	$	32,176	19.2	%	$	4,721
Bridgeport, NJ	Closed incinerator	21,593		12.9		2,811
Mercier, Quebec(2)	Idled incinerator and legal proceedings	14,611		8.7		1,562
Various(2)	All other incinerators, landfills, wastewater treatment facilities and service centers (43 facilities)	84,582		50.7		10,956
Various(2)	Superfund sites (each representing less than 5% of total liabilities) owned by third parties (29 sites)	14,258		8.5		1,426
Total		$	167,220	100.0	%	$	21,476

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(1)	Amounts represent the high end of the range of management's best estimate of the reasonably possible additional liabilities.


(2)	$34.5 million of the $167.2 million remedial liabilities and $3.5 million of the $21.5 million reasonably possible additional liabilities include estimates of remediation liabilities related to the legal and administrative proceedings discussed in Note 17, "Commitments and Contingencies," as well as other such estimated remedial liabilities.

Revisions to remediation reserve requirements may result in upward or downward adjustments to income from operations in any given period. The Company believes that its extensive experience in the environmental services business, as well as its involvement with a large number of sites, provides a reasonable basis for estimating its aggregate liability. It is possible, however, that technological, regulatory or enforcement developments, the results of environmental studies, or other factors could necessitate the recording of additional liabilities or the revision of currently recorded liabilities that could be material. The impact of such future events cannot be estimated at the current time.