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SEGMENT REPORTING
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
SEGMENT REPORTING SEGMENT REPORTING 
Segment reporting is prepared on the same basis that the Company's chief executive officer, who is the Company's chief operating decision maker, manages the business, makes operating decisions and assesses performance. As described in the Changes in Operating Segments section of Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies" during the first quarter of 2021, certain of the Company's businesses undertook a reorganization which included changes to the underlying business and management structures. The Company's chief operating decision maker also requested changes in the information that he regularly reviews for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance so that the information would align with the new operating structure of the business. Due to these changes the Company reassessed its operating segment conclusions in the first quarter of 2021 which resulted in a change in the operating segments. The Company consolidated the core services of Safety-Kleen Environmental Services into its Environmental Services segment, eliminated its Safety-Kleen segment and created the Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions segment. In addition, certain intercompany transactions previously recorded as Corporate Items have been allocated to the segments. All the historical balances presented below have been recast to reflect the impact of these changes.
Third-party revenue is revenue billed to outside customers by a particular segment. Direct revenues is revenue allocated to the segment providing the product or service. Intersegment revenues represent the sharing of third-party revenues among the segments based on products and services provided by each segment as if the products and services were sold directly to the third-party. Transactions between the segments are accounted for at the Company’s best estimate based on similar transactions with outside customers. The intersegment revenues are shown net. The operations not managed through the Company’s operating segments described above are recorded as “Corporate Items.”
The following table reconciles third-party revenues to direct revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 (in thousands):
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Third-party revenuesIntersegment revenues, netDirect revenuesThird-party revenuesIntersegment revenues, netDirect revenues
Environmental Services$652,878 $1,724 $654,602 $705,036 $156 $705,192 
Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions155,191 (1,724)153,467 153,437 (156)153,281 
Corporate Items79 — 79 90 — 90 
Total$808,148 $— $808,148 $858,563 $— $858,563 
The primary financial measure by which the Company evaluates the performance of its segments is "Adjusted EBITDA," which consists of net income plus accretion of environmental liabilities, stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, net interest expense, loss on early extinguishment of debt, provision for income taxes and excludes other gains, losses or non-cash charges not deemed representative of fundamental segment results and other expense, net. Beginning in the first quarter of 2021, we revised our calculation of reported Adjusted EBITDA to add stock-based compensation, a non-cash item, to other charges which are added back to net income determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for purposes of calculating Adjusted EBITDA. The amount added back each period matches the line item for stock-based compensation as recorded on the consolidated statements of cash flows. All relevant prior period Adjusted EBITDA amounts were recast to provide comparative information.
The following table presents Adjusted EBITDA information used by management by reported segment (in thousands):
 For the Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20212020
Adjusted EBITDA:
Environmental Services$140,254 $145,858 
Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions31,632 24,204 
Corporate Items(42,435)(44,181)
Total129,451 125,881 
Reconciliation to Consolidated Statements of Operations:
Accretion of environmental liabilities2,953 2,561 
Stock-based compensation3,480 3,291 
Depreciation and amortization72,163 74,533 
Income from operations50,855 45,496 
Other expense, net1,228 2,365 
Loss on sale of businesses— 3,074 
Interest expense, net of interest income17,918 18,787 
Income before provision for income taxes$31,709 $21,270 
The following table presents certain assets by reportable segment and in the aggregate (in thousands):
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Property, plant and equipment, net:  
Environmental Services$1,056,053 $1,068,910 
Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions367,689 366,160 
Corporate Items104,202 90,228 
Total property, plant and equipment, net$1,527,944 $1,525,298 
Goodwill and Permits and other intangibles, net:  
Environmental Services  
Goodwill$402,438 $401,918 
Permits and other intangibles, net224,614 228,237 
Total Environmental Services627,052 630,155 
Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions
Goodwill$141,167 $125,105 
Permits and other intangibles, net155,439 158,383 
Total Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions296,606 283,488 
Total$923,658 $913,643 
The following table presents the total assets by geographical area (in thousands):
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
United States$3,472,053 $3,447,811 
Canada and other foreign680,486 683,709 
Total$4,152,539 $4,131,520