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SCHEDULE II VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]  
SCHEDULE II VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
For the Three Years Ended December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Balance
Beginning of
Period
 
Additions Charged to
Operating Expense
 
Deductions from
Reserves(a)
 
Balance
End of Period
2016
$
15,194

 
$
6,907

 
$
7,055

 
$
15,046

2017
$
15,046

 
$
7,901

 
$
6,774

 
$
16,173

2018
$
16,173

 
$
15,817

 
$
5,622

 
$
26,368

________________________________________
(a)
Amounts deemed uncollectible, net of recoveries.
Revenue Allowance(b)
Balance
Beginning of
Period
 
Additions Charged to
Revenue
 
Deductions from
Reserves
 
Balance
End of Period
2016
$
16,232

 
$
24,252

 
$
26,281

 
$
14,203

2017
$
14,203

 
$
24,862

 
$
27,439

 
$
11,626

2018
$
11,626

 
$
41,338

 
$
35,017

 
$
17,947

________________________________________
(b)
Due to the nature of the Company's businesses and the invoices that result from the services provided, customers may withhold payments and attempt to renegotiate amounts invoiced. In addition, for some of the services provided, the Company's invoices are based on quotes that can either generate credits or debits when the actual revenue amount is known. Based on industry knowledge and historical trends, the Company records a revenue allowance accordingly. This practice causes the volume of activity flowing through the revenue allowance during the year to be higher than the balance at the end of the year. Increases in overall sales volumes and the expansion of the customer base in recent years have also increased the volume of additions and deductions to the allowance during the year. The revenue allowance is intended to cover the net amount of revenue adjustments that may need to be credited to customers' accounts in future periods. Management determines the appropriate total revenue allowance by evaluating the following factors on a customer-by-customer basis as well as on a consolidated level: trends in adjustments to previously billed amounts, existing economic conditions and other information as deemed applicable. Revenue allowance estimates can differ materially from the actual adjustments, but historically the revenue allowance has been sufficient to cover the net amount of the reserve adjustments issued in subsequent reporting periods.
Valuation Allowance on Deferred Tax Assets
Balance
Beginning of
Period
 
Additions
Charged to Income
Tax Expense
 
Other Changes
to Reserves
 
Balance
End of Period
2016
$
30,916

 
$
22,564

 
$
1,709

 
$
55,189

2017
$
55,189

 
$
9,052

 
$
4,114

 
$
68,355

2018
$
68,355

 
$
10,466

 
$
474

 
$
79,295