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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net (loss) income $ 100,739 $ (39,873) $ 44,102
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash from operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization 288,422 287,002 274,194
Goodwill impairment charges 0 34,013 31,992
Allowance for doubtful accounts 7,901 6,907 4,793
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount 3,482 3,537 3,280
Accretion of environmental liabilities 9,460 10,177 10,402
Changes in environmental liability estimates (195) (4,254) (11,345)
Deferred income taxes (83,335) 15,184 1,930
Other expense (income), net 6,119 (5,685) 1,380
Stock-based compensation 13,146 10,481 8,550
Excess tax benefit of stock-based compensation 0 (1,198) (71)
Net tax benefit (deficiency) on stock-based awards 0 1,165 (82)
Gain on sale of businesses (30,732) (16,884) 0
Loss on early extinguishment of debt 7,891 0 0
Environmental expenditures (12,965) (12,170) (20,130)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:      
Accounts receivable and unbilled accounts receivable (33,764) (15,009) 55,271
Inventories and supplies (5,002) (16,080) 14,059
Other current assets 16,720 (8,036) 48,760
Accounts payable (10,684) (3,503) (16,299)
Other current and long-term liabilities 8,495 13,850 (54,403)
Net cash from operating activities 285,698 259,624 396,383
Cash flows used in investing activities:      
Additions to property, plant and equipment (167,007) (219,384) (257,196)
Proceeds from sale and disposal of fixed assets 7,124 20,817 6,195
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (49,227) (206,915) (94,345)
Additions to intangible assets including costs to obtain or renew permits (1,617) (2,831) (5,296)
Purchases of available-for-sale securities (38,342) (598) 0
Proceeds on sale of businesses, net of transactional costs 45,426 47,134 0
Proceeds from sale of long-term investments 376 0 0
Net cash used in investing activities (203,267) (361,777) (350,642)
Cash flows (used in) from financing activities:      
Change in uncashed checks (5,940) (3,177) (14,630)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 46 627 397
Tax payments related to withholdings on vested restricted stock (3,149) (2,819) (2,159)
Repurchases of common stock (48,971) (22,188) (73,347)
Excess tax benefit of stock-based compensation 0 1,198 71
Deferred financing costs paid (5,718) (4,031) 0
Payments on capital leases 0 0 (511)
Premiums paid on early extinguishment of debt (6,028) 0 0
Principal payment on debt (402,000) 0 0
Issuance of senior secured notes, net of discount 399,000 0 0
Issuance of senior unsecured notes, including premium 0 250,625 0
Net cash (used in) from financing activities (72,760) 220,235 (90,179)
Effect of exchange rate change on cash 2,731 4,207 (17,733)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 12,402 122,289 (62,171)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 306,997 184,708 246,879
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year 319,399 306,997 184,708
Cash payments for interest and income taxes:      
Interest paid 93,174 88,669 73,926
Income taxes paid 18,682 29,255 52,970
Non-cash investing activities:      
Property, plant and equipment accrued 16,109 9,214 32,677
Transfer of inventory to property, plant and equipment 12,641 0 0
Receivable for estimated purchase price adjustment $ 0 $ 1,910 $ 1,000