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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The principal components of EOG's total net deferred income tax liabilities at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in millions):
 20222021
Deferred Income Tax Assets (Liabilities)  
Foreign Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Costs Deducted for Tax Under Book Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization
$(18)$(19)
Foreign Asset Retirement Obligations81 51 
Foreign Accrued Expenses and Liabilities13 15 
Foreign Net Operating Loss82 80 
Foreign Valuation Allowances(116)(111)
Foreign Other(9)(5)
Total Net Deferred Income Tax Assets$33 $11 
Deferred Income Tax (Assets) Liabilities  
Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Costs Deducted for Tax Over Book Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization
$5,291 $5,063 
Financial Commodity Derivative Contracts(421)(97)
Deferred Compensation Plans(58)(57)
Equity Awards(60)(86)
Other(42)(74)
Total Net Deferred Income Tax Liabilities$4,710 $4,749 
Total Net Deferred Income Tax Liabilities$4,677 $4,738 


The components of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes for the years indicated below were as follows (in millions):
 202220212020
United States$9,752 $5,787 $(756)
Foreign149 146 17 
Total$9,901 $5,933 $(739)
The principal components of EOG's Income Tax Provision (Benefit) for the years indicated below were as follows (in millions):
 202220212020
Current:
Federal$2,020 $1,203 $(108)
State126 85 7 
Foreign62 105 40 
Total2,208 1,393 (61)
Deferred:   
Federal(2)(41)(153)
State(37)(62)(15)
Foreign(22)(19)(18)
Total(61)(122)(186)
Other Non-Current: (1)
Federal— — 113 
Foreign(5)(2)— 
Total
(5)(2)113 
Income Tax Provision (Benefit)$2,142 $1,269 $(134)
(1)    Includes changes in certain amounts that are expected to be paid or received beyond the next twelve months. The primary component in 2020 is refundable alternative minimum tax (AMT) credits.

The differences between taxes computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate and EOG's effective rate for the years indicated below were as follows:
 202220212020
Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State Income Tax, Net of Federal Benefit0.7 0.3 0.9 
Income Tax Provision Related to Foreign Operations— 0.9 (0.1)
Income Tax Provision Related to Canadian Operations— — (2.4)
Stock-Based Compensation— 0.2 (2.9)
Other— (1.0)1.7 
Effective Income Tax Rate21.7 %21.4 %18.2 %

Deferred tax assets are recorded for future deductible amounts and certain other tax benefits, such as tax net operating losses (NOLs) and tax credit carryforwards, provided that management assesses the utilization of such assets to be "more likely than not." Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to use the existing deferred tax assets. On the basis of this evaluation, EOG has recorded valuation allowances for the portion of certain foreign and state deferred tax assets that management does not believe are more likely than not to be realized.
The principal components of EOG's rollforward of valuation allowances for deferred income tax assets for the years indicated below were as follows (in millions):
 202220212020
Beginning Balance$219 $219 $201 
Increase (1)
27 15 25 
Decrease (2)
(33)(14)(11)
Other (3)
(6)(1)4 
Ending Balance
$207 $219 $219 
(1)    Increase in valuation allowance related to the generation of tax NOLs and other deferred tax assets.
(2)    Decrease in valuation allowance associated with adjustments to certain deferred tax assets and their related allowances.
(3)    Represents dispositions, revisions and/or foreign exchange rate variances and the effect of statutory income tax rate changes.

As of December 31, 2022, EOG had state income tax NOLs of approximately $2.2 billion. Certain state NOLs have an indefinite carryforward and all others expire between 2023 and 2040. EOG also has Canadian NOLs of $300 million, some of which can be carried forward up to 20 years. As described previously, these NOLs and other less significant tax benefits have been evaluated for the likelihood of utilization, and valuation allowances have been established for the portion of these deferred income tax assets that do not meet the "more likely than not" threshold.

As of December 31, 2022, EOG did not have material amounts of unrecognized tax benefits. Additionally, no interest or penalties have been recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss). EOG does not expect its unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly in the next twelve months. EOG and its subsidiaries file income tax returns and are subject to tax audits in the U.S. and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. EOG's earliest open tax years in its principal jurisdictions are as follows: U.S. federal (2019), Canada (2018), Trinidad (2015), Oman (2020) and Australia (2021).

EOG's foreign subsidiaries' undistributed earnings are not considered to be permanently reinvested outside of the U.S. and deferred income taxes have been accrued on any such outside basis differences. Additionally, EOG’s foreign earnings may be subject to the U.S. federal "global intangible low-taxed income" (GILTI) inclusion. EOG records any GILTI tax as a period expense.

On August 16, 2022, the U.S. President signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which contains, among other provisions, certain tax provisions as well as a variety of climate and energy incentives. While there was no immediate income tax impact upon enactment, in the future, EOG may become subject to the new corporate alternative minimum tax or other provisions, such as the excise tax on stock buybacks. Additionally, as part of EOG's strategy to reduce GHG emissions, EOG may become eligible for certain new or enhanced income tax credits attributable to these efforts.