Derivatives

The Company’s operating results are affected by changes to commodity prices. The Grain and Ethanol businesses have established “unhedged” position limits (the amount of a commodity, either owned or contracted for, that does not have an offsetting derivative contract to lock in the price). To reduce the exposure to market price risk on commodities owned and forward grain and ethanol purchase and sale contracts, the Company enters into exchange traded commodity futures and options contracts and over the counter forward and option contracts with various counterparties. The exchange traded contracts are primarily via the regulated Chicago Mercantile Exchange ("CME"). The Company’s forward purchase and sales contracts are for physical delivery of the commodity in a future period. Contracts to purchase commodities from producers generally relate to the current or future crop years for delivery periods quoted by regulated commodity exchanges. Contracts for the sale of commodities to processors or other commercial consumers generally do not extend beyond one year.

All of these contracts meet the definition of derivatives. While the Company considers its commodity contracts to be effective economic hedges, the Company does not designate or account for its commodity contracts as hedges as defined under current accounting standards. The Company accounts for its commodity derivatives at estimated fair value. The estimated fair value of the commodity derivative contracts that require the receipt or posting of cash collateral is recorded on a net basis (offset against cash collateral posted or received, also known as margin deposits) within commodity derivative assets or liabilities. Management determines fair value based on exchange-quoted prices and in the case of its forward purchase and sale contracts, estimated fair value is adjusted for differences in local markets and non-performance risk. For contracts for which physical delivery occurs, balance sheet classification is based on estimated delivery date. For futures, options and over-the-counter contracts in which physical delivery is not expected to occur but, rather, the contract is expected to be net settled, the Company classifies these contracts as current or noncurrent assets or liabilities, as appropriate, based on the Company’s expectations as to when such contracts will be settled.

Realized and unrealized gains and losses in the value of commodity contracts (whether due to changes in commodity prices, changes in performance or credit risk, or due to sale, maturity or extinguishment of the commodity contract) and grain inventories are included in cost of sales and merchandising revenues. These amounts were previously classified in sales and merchandising revenues but were reclassified starting in the fourth quarter of 2015.

Generally accepted accounting principles permit a party to a master netting arrangement to offset fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments against the right to reclaim cash collateral or obligation to return cash collateral under the same master netting arrangement. The Company has master netting arrangements for its exchange traded futures and options contracts and certain over-the-counter contracts. When the Company enters into a future, option or an over-the-counter contract, an initial margin deposit may be required by the counterparty. The amount of the margin deposit varies by commodity. If the market price of a future, option or an over-the-counter contract moves in a direction that is adverse to the Company’s position, an additional margin deposit, called a maintenance margin, is required. The margin deposit assets and liabilities are included in short-term commodity derivative assets or liabilities, as appropriate, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table presents at June 30, 2016, December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, a summary of the estimated fair value of the Company’s commodity derivative instruments that require cash collateral and the associated cash posted/received as collateral. The net asset or liability positions of these derivatives (net of their cash collateral) are determined on a counterparty-by-counterparty basis and are included within current or noncurrent commodity derivative assets (or liabilities) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:



	June 30, 2016					December 31, 2015				June 30, 2015
(in thousands)	Net derivative asset position		Net derivative liability position			Net derivative asset position		Net derivative liability position		Net derivative asset position		Net derivative liability position
Collateral paid (received)	$	38,252	$	(480	)	$	3,008	$	—	$	—	$	49,007
Fair value of derivatives	13,491		1,480			25,356		—		—		(58,195		)
Balance at end of period	$	51,743	$	1,000		$	28,364	$	—	$	—	$	(9,188	)

The following table presents, on a gross basis, current and noncurrent commodity derivative assets and liabilities:



	June 30, 2016
(in thousands)	Commodity derivative assets - current			Commodity derivative assets - noncurrent			Commodity derivative liabilities - current			Commodity derivative liabilities - noncurrent			Total
Commodity derivative assets	$	134,504		$	2,095		$	5,925		$	84		$	142,608
Commodity derivative liabilities	(56,832		)	(161		)	(48,628		)	(2,266		)	(107,887		)
Cash collateral	38,252			—			(480		)	—			37,772
Balance sheet line item totals	$	115,924		$	1,934		$	(43,183	)	$	(2,182	)	$	72,493



	December 31, 2015
(in thousands)	Commodity derivative assets - current			Commodity derivative assets - noncurrent		Commodity derivative liabilities - current			Commodity derivative liabilities - noncurrent			Total
Commodity derivative assets	$	51,647		$	412	$	371		$	2		$	52,432
Commodity derivative liabilities	(4,829		)	—		(37,758		)	(1,065		)	(43,652		)
Cash collateral	3,008			—		—			—			3,008
Balance sheet line item totals	$	49,826		$	412	$	(37,387	)	$	(1,063	)	$	11,788



	June 30, 2015
(in thousands)	Commodity derivative assets - current			Commodity derivative assets - noncurrent			Commodity derivative liabilities - current			Commodity derivative liabilities - noncurrent			Total
Commodity derivative assets	$	52,405		$	3,072		$	3,956		$	43		$	59,476
Commodity derivative liabilities	(61,552		)	(82		)	(46,578		)	(2,220		)	(110,432		)
Cash collateral	49,007			—			—			—			49,007
Balance sheet line item totals	$	39,860		$	2,990		$	(42,622	)	$	(2,177	)	$	(1,949	)

The gains (losses) included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and the line items in which they are located are as follows:



	Three months ended June 30,					Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2016		2015			2016		2015
Gains (losses) on commodity derivatives included in cost of sales and merchandising revenues	$	34,800	$	(41,017	)	$	25,941	$	2,805

The Company had the following volume of commodity derivative contracts outstanding (on a gross basis) at June 30, 2016, December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015:



	June 30, 2016
Commodity	Number of bushels (in thousands)	Number of gallons (in thousands)	Number of pounds (in thousands)	Number of tons (in thousands)
Non-exchange traded:
Corn	242,269	—	—	—
Soybeans	52,599	—	—	—
Wheat	13,100	—	—	—
Oats	30,722	—	—	—
Ethanol	—	130,464	—	—
Corn oil	—	—	13,800	—
Other	17	—	—	128
Subtotal	338,707	130,464	13,800	128
Exchange traded:
Corn	148,665	—	—	—
Soybeans	46,570	—	—	—
Wheat	22,790	—	—	—
Oats	2,820	—	—	—
Ethanol	—	36,540	—	—
Other	—	—	—	—
Subtotal	220,845	36,540	—	—
Total	559,552	167,004	13,800	128



	December 31, 2015
Commodity	Number of bushels (in thousands)	Number of gallons (in thousands)	Number of pounds (in thousands)	Number of tons (in thousands)
Non-exchange traded:
Corn	227,248	—	—	—
Soybeans	13,357	—	—	—
Wheat	13,710	—	—	—
Oats	15,019	—	—	—
Ethanol	—	138,660	—	—
Corn oil	—	—	11,532	—
Other	297	—	—	116
Subtotal	269,631	138,660	11,532	116
Exchange traded:
Corn	106,260	—	—	—
Soybeans	17,255	—	—	—
Wheat	28,135	—	—	—
Oats	3,480	—	—	—
Ethanol	—	840	—	—
Other	—	840	—	—
Subtotal	155,130	1,680	—	—
Total	424,761	140,340	11,532	116



	June 30, 2015
Commodity	Number of bushels (in thousands)	Number of gallons (in thousands)	Number of pounds (in thousands)	Number of tons (in thousands)
Non-exchange traded:
Corn	233,812	—	—	—
Soybeans	29,823	—	—	—
Wheat	8,809	—	—	—
Oats	24,180	—	—	—
Ethanol	—	139,789	—	—
Corn oil	—	—	6,394	—
Other	350	—	—	118
Subtotal	296,974	139,789	6,394	118
Exchange traded:
Corn	139,965	—	—	—
Soybeans	30,945	—	—	—
Wheat	22,585	—	—	—
Oats	4,690	—	—	—
Ethanol	—	25,620	—	—
Other	—	—	—	—
Subtotal	198,185	25,620	—	—
Total	495,159	165,409	6,394	118

At June 30, 2016, December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, the Company had recorded the following amounts for the fair value of the Company's interest rate derivatives:



	June 30,			December 31,			June 30,
(in thousands)	2016			2015			2015
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts included in other long term liabilities	(5,422		)	(3,133		)	—
Total fair value of interest rate derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	$	(5,422	)	$	(3,133	)	$	—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contract included in other short term liabilities	—			(191		)	—
Total fair value of interest rate derivatives designated as hedging instruments	$	—		$	(191	)	$	—

The losses included in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and the line item in which they are located for interest rate derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are as follows:



	Three months ended June 30,					Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2016			2015		2016			2015
Interest expense	$	(694	)	$	—	$	(2,294	)	$	—

The Company also has foreign currency derivatives which are considered effective economic hedges of specified economic risks but which are not designated as accounting hedges. At June 30, 2016, December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, the Company had recorded the following amounts for the fair value of the Company's foreign currency derivatives:



	June 30,		December 31,		June 30,
(in thousands)	2016		2015		2015
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency contracts included in short term assets	1,391		—		—
Total fair value of foreign currency contract derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	$	1,391	$	—	$	—

The losses included in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and the line item in which they are located for foreign currency contract derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are as follows:



	Three months ended June 30,					Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2016			2015		2016		2015
Foreign currency derivative gains (losses) included in Other income, net	$	(87	)	$	—	$	1,391	$	—