New Accounting Pronouncements	6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
New Accounting Pronouncements
New Accounting Pronouncements	Note 2—New Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2014‑09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014‑09”), which stipulates that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for such goods or services. To achieve this core principle, an entity should apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract(s), (3) determine the transaction price(s), (4) allocate the transaction price(s) to the performance obligations in the contract(s), and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The guidance also requires advanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with customers. The guidance under ASU 2014‑09 shall apply for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that period. Since 2014, the FASB has issued various related updates including, but not limited to, ASU 2016‑08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which clarified the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations, and ASU 2016‑10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which clarified the implementation guidance regarding performance obligations and licensing arrangements. The Company has developed an implementation plan, involving teams across our organization to review and implement the requirements of ASU 2014‑09. We have substantially completed the review of our contracts and the related revenue streams, and we currently expect most of our businesses to continue recognizing revenue on a “point-in-time” basis, while certain businesses may require some “over time” revenue recognition under the new standard. The Company began establishing internal controls, policies, processes and required disclosures, reviewing our current systems, and identifying system impacts and necessary system changes during the second quarter of 2017, and in the third quarter of 2017, the Company plans to begin testing and integrating the standard into our financial reporting processes and systems. As permitted under the standard, the Company plans to adopt ASU 2014‑09 in the first quarter of 2018 using the modified retrospective approach and to recognize the cumulative effect of applying this new standard on existing, uncompleted contracts at the adoption date, as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company plans to begin quantifying the impact of this new standard on our consolidated balance sheet as required under the modified retrospective method of adoption. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016‑02”), which amends, among other things, the existing guidance by requiring lessees to recognize lease assets (right-to-use) and liabilities (for reasonably certain lease payments) arising from operating leases on the balance sheet. For leases with a term of twelve months or less, ASU 2016‑02 permits an entity to make an accounting policy election to recognize such leases as lease expense, generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ASU 2016‑02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 using a modified retrospective approach, with early adoption permitted. The Company has begun evaluating ASU 2016‑02, including the initial review of any necessary changes to our existing processes and systems that will be required to implement this new standard, in order to determine its impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016‑09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016‑09”), which simplifies certain provisions associated with the accounting for stock compensation. ASU 2016‑09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. In the first quarter of 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016‑09, which requires any excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies to be recorded as a discrete income tax item in the statement of income in the period in which they occur. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, this change resulted in the recognition of tax benefits of approximately $21.2 (or $0.07 per share) and $29.2 (or $0.09 per share), respectively, within the provision for income taxes in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Under previous accounting guidance, these tax benefits would have been recorded directly to equity. Since this provision of the standard was applied prospectively, there was no impact to prior periods. As of January 1, 2017, the Company did not have any unrecognized excess tax benefits in which the related tax deduction did not reduce income taxes payable and therefore, there was no cumulative-effect adjustment to beginning retained earnings. The ASU also eliminated the requirement to reclassify cash flows related to excess tax benefits from operating activities to financing activities in the statement of cash flows, but rather requires such excess tax benefits and deficiencies to be classified within operating activities, consistent with other cash flows related to income taxes. The Company adopted this provision prospectively, and prior period amounts in the Statements of Cash Flow have not been adjusted. As permitted, the Company elected to continue its existing accounting practice of estimating forfeitures when recognizing stock-based compensation expense. Other provisions of this standard did not and are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. The impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements could result in significant fluctuations in our effective tax rate in the future, since tax expense will be impacted by the timing and intrinsic value of future stock-based compensation award exercises. Refer to Note 6, Note 8 and Note 15 for further discussion on the impact of this standard. In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017‑07, Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (“ASU 2017‑07”), requiring employers to provide more details about the components of costs related to retirement benefits. Specifically, ASU 2017‑07 requires employers to report the service costs for providing pensions to employees in the same line item as other employee compensation costs, while the other pension-related costs such as interest costs, amortization of pension-related costs from prior periods, and the gains or losses on plan assets, should be reported separately and outside of the subtotal of operating income. ASU 2017‑07 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted only if adopted in the first quarter of the Company’s fiscal year. The Company has evaluated ASU 2017‑07 which requires certain expenses to be reclassified within the income statement, and we do not expect the reclassification to be material. The Company will adopt this new standard in the first quarter of 2018. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017‑09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting (“ASU 2017‑09”), which provides guidance to determine which changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. ASU 2017‑09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and requires prospective application to changes in terms or conditions of awards occurring on or after the adoption date. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2017‑09 and its impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 2—New Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2014‑09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014‑09”), which stipulates that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for such goods or services. To achieve this core principle, an entity should apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract(s), (3) determine the transaction price(s), (4) allocate the transaction price(s) to the performance obligations in the contract(s), and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The guidance also requires advanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with customers. The guidance under ASU 2014‑09 shall apply for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that period. Since 2014, the FASB has issued various related updates including, but not limited to, ASU 2016‑08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which clarified the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations, and ASU 2016‑10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which clarified the implementation guidance regarding performance obligations and licensing arrangements. The Company has developed an implementation plan, involving teams across our organization to review and implement the requirements of ASU 2014‑09. We have substantially completed the review of our contracts and the related revenue streams, and we currently expect most of our businesses to continue recognizing revenue on a “point-in-time” basis, while certain businesses may require some “over time” revenue recognition under the new standard. The Company began establishing internal controls, policies, processes and required disclosures, reviewing our current systems, and identifying system impacts and necessary system changes during the second quarter of 2017, and in the third quarter of 2017, the Company plans to begin testing and integrating the standard into our financial reporting processes and systems. As permitted under the standard, the Company plans to adopt ASU 2014‑09 in the first quarter of 2018 using the modified retrospective approach and to recognize the cumulative effect of applying this new standard on existing, uncompleted contracts at the adoption date, as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company plans to begin quantifying the impact of this new standard on our consolidated balance sheet as required under the modified retrospective method of adoption.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016‑02”), which amends, among other things, the existing guidance by requiring lessees to recognize lease assets (right-to-use) and liabilities (for reasonably certain lease payments) arising from operating leases on the balance sheet. For leases with a term of twelve months or less, ASU 2016‑02 permits an entity to make an accounting policy election to recognize such leases as lease expense, generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ASU 2016‑02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 using a modified retrospective approach, with early adoption permitted. The Company has begun evaluating ASU 2016‑02, including the initial review of any necessary changes to our existing processes and systems that will be required to implement this new standard, in order to determine its impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016‑09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016‑09”), which simplifies certain provisions associated with the accounting for stock compensation. ASU 2016‑09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. In the first quarter of 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016‑09, which requires any excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies to be recorded as a discrete income tax item in the statement of income in the period in which they occur. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, this change resulted in the recognition of tax benefits of approximately $21.2 (or $0.07 per share) and $29.2 (or $0.09 per share), respectively, within the provision for income taxes in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Under previous accounting guidance, these tax benefits would have been recorded directly to equity. Since this provision of the standard was applied prospectively, there was no impact to prior periods. As of January 1, 2017, the Company did not have any unrecognized excess tax benefits in which the related tax deduction did not reduce income taxes payable and therefore, there was no cumulative-effect adjustment to beginning retained earnings. The ASU also eliminated the requirement to reclassify cash flows related to excess tax benefits from operating activities to financing activities in the statement of cash flows, but rather requires such excess tax benefits and deficiencies to be classified within operating activities, consistent with other cash flows related to income taxes. The Company adopted this provision prospectively, and prior period amounts in the Statements of Cash Flow have not been adjusted. As permitted, the Company elected to continue its existing accounting practice of estimating forfeitures when recognizing stock-based compensation expense. Other provisions of this standard did not and are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. The impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements could result in significant fluctuations in our effective tax rate in the future, since tax expense will be impacted by the timing and intrinsic value of future stock-based compensation award exercises. Refer to Note 6, Note 8 and Note 15 for further discussion on the impact of this standard.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017‑07, Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (“ASU 2017‑07”), requiring employers to provide more details about the components of costs related to retirement benefits. Specifically, ASU 2017‑07 requires employers to report the service costs for providing pensions to employees in the same line item as other employee compensation costs, while the other pension-related costs such as interest costs, amortization of pension-related costs from prior periods, and the gains or losses on plan assets, should be reported separately and outside of the subtotal of operating income. ASU 2017‑07 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted only if adopted in the first quarter of the Company’s fiscal year. The Company has evaluated ASU 2017‑07 which requires certain expenses to be reclassified within the income statement, and we do not expect the reclassification to be material. The Company will adopt this new standard in the first quarter of 2018.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017‑09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting (“ASU 2017‑09”), which provides guidance to determine which changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. ASU 2017‑09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and requires prospective application to changes in terms or conditions of awards occurring on or after the adoption date. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2017‑09 and its impact on our consolidated financial statements.