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Investments
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Investments
The following is a summary of Ameriprise Financial investments:
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
(in millions)
Available-for-Sale securities, at fair value
$35,832 $36,283 
Mortgage loans (allowance for credit losses: 2021, $29 ; 2020, $29 )
2,684 2,718 
Policy loans838 846 
Other investments (allowance for credit losses: 2021, $9; 2020, $12)
1,083 1,184 
Total$40,437 $41,031 
Other investments primarily reflect the Company’s interests in affordable housing partnerships, trading securities, seed money investments, syndicated loans, credit card receivables and certificates of deposit with original or remaining maturities at the time of purchase of more than 90 days.
The following is a summary of net investment income:
Three Months Ended March 31,
2021
2020
(in millions)
Investment income on fixed maturities$266 $322 
Net realized gains (losses)69 (1)(19)(1)
Affordable housing partnerships(15)(14)
Other21 22 
Consolidated investment entities36 17 
Total$377 $328 
(1) Includes the change in the allowance for credit losses of $1 million and $24 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Available-for-Sale securities distributed by type were as follows:
March 31, 2021
Description of Securities
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesAllowance for Credit LossesFair Value
 (in millions)
Corporate debt securities$11,949 $1,441 $(87)$— $13,303 
Residential mortgage backed securities9,903 156 (17)— 10,042 
Commercial mortgage backed securities5,876 173 (12)— 6,037 
Asset backed securities3,444 43 (2)— 3,485 
State and municipal obligations1,057 244 (3)— 1,298 
U.S. government and agency obligations1,325 — — 1,326 
Foreign government bonds and obligations231 17 (1)— 247 
Other securities 94 — — — 94 
Total$33,879 $2,075 $(122)$— $35,832 
Description of SecuritiesDecember 31, 2020
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesAllowance for Credit LossesFair Value
(in millions)
Corporate debt securities$11,762 $1,924 $(2)$(10)$13,674 
Residential mortgage backed securities9,845 188 (4)— 10,029 
Commercial mortgage backed securities5,867 242 (21)— 6,088 
Asset backed securities3,283 52 (5)(1)3,329 
State and municipal obligations1,088 297 (1)— 1,384 
U.S. government and agency obligations1,456 — — — 1,456 
Foreign government bonds and obligations241 22 (1)— 262 
Other securities59 — — 61 
Total$33,601 $2,727 $(34)$(11)$36,283 
As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, accrued interest of $209 million and $178 million, respectively, is excluded from the amortized cost basis of Available-for-Sale securities in the tables above and is recorded in receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, investment securities with a fair value of $3.3 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively, were pledged to meet contractual obligations under derivative contracts and short-term borrowings, of which $417 million and $454 million, respectively, may be sold, pledged or rehypothecated by the counterparty.
As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, fixed maturity securities comprised approximately 89% and 88%, respectively, of Ameriprise Financial investments. Rating agency designations are based on the availability of ratings from Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSROs”), including Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings Ltd. (“Fitch”). The Company uses the median of available ratings from Moody’s, S&P and Fitch, or, if fewer than three ratings are available, the lower rating is used. When ratings from Moody’s, S&P and Fitch are unavailable, the Company may utilize ratings from other NRSROs or rate the securities internally. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company’s internal analysts rated $642 million and $605 million, respectively, of securities using criteria similar to those used by NRSROs.
A summary of fixed maturity securities by rating was as follows:
Ratings
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Amortized CostFair ValuePercent of Total Fair ValueAmortized CostFair ValuePercent of Total Fair Value
 (in millions, except percentages)
AAA$19,922 $20,255 56 %$19,815 $20,253 56 %
AA1,140 1,319 1,082 1,312 
A2,714 3,141 2,953 3,534 10 
BBB8,792 9,681 27 8,271 9,542 26 
Below investment grade (1)
1,311 1,436 1,480 1,642 
Total fixed maturities$33,879 $35,832 100 %$33,601 $36,283 100 %
(1) Both the amortized cost and fair value of below investment grade securities includes interest in non-consolidated CLOs managed by the Company of $1 million as of March 31, 2021, and $3 million as of December 31, 2020. These securities are not rated but are included in below investment grade due to their risk characteristics.
As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, approximately 32% and 33%, respectively, of securities rated AAA were GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC mortgage backed securities. No holdings of any issuer were greater than 10% of total equity.
The following tables summarize the fair value and gross unrealized losses on Available-for-Sale securities, aggregated by major investment type and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for which no allowance for credit losses has been recorded:
Description of SecuritiesMarch 31, 2021
Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
Number of SecuritiesFair ValueUnrealized Losses Number of SecuritiesFair ValueUnrealized LossesNumber of SecuritiesFair ValueUnrealized Losses
 (in millions, except number of securities)
Corporate debt securities
84 $1,948 $(86)$23 $(1)88 $1,971 $(87)
Residential mortgage backed securities
63 1,861 (16)77 297 (1)140 2,158 (17)
Commercial mortgage backed securities
43 778 (10)18 428 (2)61 1,206 (12)
Asset backed securities
11 265 (1)14 203 (1)25 468 (2)
State and municipal obligations
28 74 (2)(1)30 81 (3)
Foreign government bonds and obligations
— (1)11 12 (1)
Total
233 $4,931 $(115)122 $965 $(7)355 $5,896 $(122)
Description of SecuritiesDecember 31, 2020
Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
Number of SecuritiesFair ValueUnrealized LossesNumber of SecuritiesFair ValueUnrealized LossesNumber of SecuritiesFair ValueUnrealized Losses
 
(in millions, except number of securities)
Corporate debt securities
26 $228 $(1)11 $19 $(1)37 $247 $(2)
Residential mortgage backed securities
72 833 (2)71 391 (2)143 1,224 (4)
Commercial mortgage backed securities
35 781 (11)19 393 (10)54 1,174 (21)
Asset backed securities
17 344 (3)13 231 (2)30 575 (5)
State and municipal obligations
— (1)(1)
Foreign government bonds and obligations
— (1)11 (1)
Total
153 $2,193 $(17)122 $1,046 $(17)275 $3,239 $(34)
As part of the Company’s ongoing monitoring process, management determined that the change in gross unrealized losses on its Available-for-Sale securities for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2021 is primarily attributable to higher interest rates, partially offset by tighter credit spreads. The Company did not recognize these unrealized losses in earnings because it was determined that such losses were due to non-credit factors. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and does not believe that it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of the remaining amortized cost basis. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, 88% and 92% respectively, of the total of Available-for-Sale securities with gross unrealized losses were considered investment grade.
The following tables present a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on Available-for-Sale securities:
Corporate Debt SecuritiesAsset Backed SecuritiesTotal
(in millions)
Balance, January 1, 2021
$10$1$11
Charge-offs(10)(1)(11)
Balance, March 31, 2021
$$$
Balance at January 1, 2020 (1)
$— $— $— 
Additions for which credit losses were not previously recorded13 — 13 
Balance at March 31, 2020
$13 $— $13 
(1) Prior to January 1, 2020, credit losses on Available-for-Sale securities were not recorded in an allowance but were recorded as a reduction of the book value of the security if the security was other-than-temporarily impaired.
Net realized gains and losses on Available-for-Sale securities, determined using the specific identification method, recognized in net investment income were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
2021
2020
(in millions)
Gross realized investment gains
$51$
Gross realized investment losses
(1)(3)
Credit losses
(13)
Total
$50$(8)
There were no credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 primarily related to recording an allowance for credit losses on certain corporate debt securities, primarily in the oil and gas industry.
See Note 14 for a rollforward of net unrealized investment gains (losses) included in AOCI.
Available-for-Sale securities by contractual maturity as of March 31, 2021 were as follows:
Amortized CostFair Value
(in millions)
Due within one year$2,241$2,251
Due after one year through five years4,7575,058
Due after five years through 10 years3,4233,565
Due after 10 years4,2355,394
 14,65616,268
Residential mortgage backed securities9,90310,042
Commercial mortgage backed securities5,8766,037
Asset backed securities3,4443,485
Total$33,879$35,832
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities and asset backed securities are not due at a single maturity date. As such, these securities were not included in the maturities distribution.