Retirement Plans and Profit Sharing Arrangements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Reconciliation of the changes in the defined postretirement benefit plan obligation [Table Text Block]

The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in the benefit obligation:



	Pension Plans						Other Postretirement Plans
	2017			2016			2017			2016
	(in millions)
Benefit obligation, January 1	$	899		$	812		$	15		$	18
Service cost	47			44			—			—
Interest cost	28			29			—			1
Benefits paid	(12		)	(8		)	(1		)	(4		)
Actuarial (gain) loss	39			65			1			—
Plan change	—			—			—			(2		)
Participant contributions	—			—			—			2
Settlements	(21		)	(18		)	—			—
Foreign currency rate changes	15			(25		)	—			—
Benefit obligation, December 31	$	995		$	899		$	15		$	15

Schedule of amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets [Table Text Block]

The following table provides the amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, which equal the funded status of the plans:



	Pension Plans						Other Postretirement Plans
	2017			2016			2017			2016
	(in millions)
Benefit liability	$	(253	)	$	(271	)	$	(15	)	$	(15	)
Benefit asset	6			—			—			—
Net amount recognized	$	(247	)	$	(271	)	$	(15	)	$	(15	)

Accumulated benefit obligations in excess of the fair value of plan assets [Table Text Block]

The following table provides information for pension plans with benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:



	December 31,
	2017		2016
	(in millions)
Pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	759	$	684
Fair value of plan assets	562		469
Pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets
Projected benefit obligation	$	816	$	899
Fair value of plan assets	562		628

Schedule of weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations [Table Text Block]

The weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations were as follows:



	Pension Plans				Other Postretirement Plans
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Discount rates	3.32	%	3.66	%	3.41	%	3.77	%
Rates of increase in compensation levels	4.29		4.39		N/A		N/A

Schedule of Assumptions Used [Table Text Block]

The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost of pension plans were as follows:



	2017		2016		2015
Discount rates	3.64	%	3.67	%	3.43	%
Rates of increase in compensation levels	4.39		4.43		4.41
Expected long-term rates of return on assets	7.13		6.98		7.10

Schedule of pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Table Text Block]

The following tables present the Company’s pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:



Asset Category	December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in millions)
Equity securities:
U.S. large cap stocks	$	95	$	94	$	—	$	189
U.S. small cap stocks	76		4		—		80
Non-U.S. large cap stocks	28		43		—		71
Non-U.S. small cap stocks	28		—		—		28
Emerging markets	19		32		—		51
Debt securities:
U.S. investment grade bonds	27		11		—		38
U.S. high yield bonds	—		26		—		26
Non-U.S. investment grade bonds	—		16		—		16
Real estate investment trusts at NAV	—		—		—		18		⁽¹⁾
Hedge funds at NAV	—		—		—		27		⁽¹⁾
Pooled pension funds	—		166		—		166
AVC assets (pooled pension funds)	—		20		—		20
Cash equivalents	18		—		—		18
Total	$	291	$	412	$	—	$	748



Asset Category	December 31, 2016
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in millions)
Equity securities:
U.S. large cap stocks	$	73	$	76	$	—	$	149
U.S. small cap stocks	69		4		—		73
Non-U.S. large cap stocks	22		34		—		56
Non-U.S. small cap stocks	21		—		—		21
Emerging markets	14		23		—		37
Debt securities:
U.S. investment grade bonds	26		10		—		36
U.S. high yield bonds	—		24		—		24
Non-U.S. investment grade bonds	—		14		—		14
Real estate investment trusts at NAV	—		—		—		17		⁽¹⁾
Hedge funds at NAV	—		—		—		26		⁽¹⁾
Pooled pension funds	—		142		—		142
AVC assets (pooled pension funds)	—		17		—		17
Cash equivalents	16		—		—		16
Total	$	241	$	344	$	—	$	628

⁽¹⁾Amounts are comprised of certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. See Note 2 for further information.

Schedule of expected benefit payments to retirees under retirement plans [Table Text Block]

The Company’s pension plans expect to make benefit payments to retirees as follows:



	Pension Plans		Other Postretirement Plans
2018	$	83	$	1
2019	62		1
2020	61		1
2021	74		1
2022	70		1
2023-2027	390		5

Pension Plans [Member]

Defined Benefit Plans

Schedule of components of net periodic pension cost [Table Text Block]

All components of the net periodic benefit cost are recorded in general and administrative expense and were as follows:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(in millions)
Service cost	$	47		$	44		$	46
Interest cost	28			29			27
Expected return on plan assets	(45		)	(41		)	(40		)
Amortization of prior service costs	(1		)	(1		)	(1		)
Amortization of net loss	10			6			9
Other	3			4			4
Net periodic benefit cost	$	42		$	41		$	45

Reconciliation of the changes in the fair value of plan assets for the pension plans [Table Text Block]

The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in the fair value of assets:



	Pension Plans
	2017			2016
	(in millions)
Fair value of plan assets, January 1	$	628		$	608
Actual return on plan assets	107			62
Employer contributions	32			13
Benefits paid	(12		)	(8		)
Settlements	(21		)	(18		)
Foreign currency rate changes	14			(29		)
Fair value of plan assets, December 31	$	748		$	628