Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2015

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Organization

Cleantech Solutions International, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware on June 24, 1987 under the name of Malex, Inc. On December 18, 2007, the Company’s corporate name was changed to China Wind Systems, Inc., and on June 13, 2011, the Company’s corporate name was changed to Cleantech Solutions International, Inc. On August 7, 2012, the Company was converted into a Nevada corporation.

Through its affiliated companies and subsidiaries, the Company manufactures and sells forged products and fabricated products to a range of clean technology customers including high precision forged rolled rings and related components for the wind power industry and other industries and manufactures and sells textile dyeing and finishing machines. The Company is the sole owner of Fulland Limited (“Fulland”), a Cayman Island limited liability company, which was organized on May 9, 2007. Fulland owns 100% of the capital stock of Green Power Environment Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (“Green Power”) and Wuxi Fulland Wind Energy Equipment Co., Ltd. (“Fulland Wind Energy”), which are wholly foreign-owned enterprises (“WFOE”) organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”). Green Power is a party to a series of contractual arrangements, as fully described below, dated October 12, 2007 with Wuxi Huayang Heavy Industries, Co., Ltd. ("Heavy Industries"), formerly known as Wuxi Huayang Electrical Power Equipment Co., Ltd., and Wuxi Huayang Dyeing Machinery Co., Ltd. (“Dyeing”), both of which are limited liability companies organized under the laws of, and based in, the PRC. Heavy Industries and Dyeing are sometimes collectively referred to as the “Huayang Companies.”

Fulland was organized by the owners of the Huayang Companies as a special purpose vehicle for purposes of raising capital, in accordance with requirements of the PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”). On May 31, 2007, SAFE issued an official notice known as Hui Zong Fa [2007] No. 106 (“Circular 106”), which requires the owners of any Chinese company to obtain SAFE’s approval before establishing any offshore holding company structure for foreign financing as well as subsequent acquisition matters in China. Accordingly, the owners of the Huayang Companies, Mr. Jianhua Wu and Ms. Lihua Tang, submitted their application to SAFE in early September 2007. On October 11, 2007, SAFE approved their application, permitting these Chinese citizens to establish Fulland as a special purpose vehicle for any foreign ownership and capital raising activities by the Huayang Companies.

Heavy Industries was formed on May 21, 2004. During the period from April 2007 until 2009, Heavy Industries produced large-scaled forged rolled rings that are up to three meters in diameter for the wind-power and other industries. Since 2009, the forged rolled rings were produced primarily by Fulland Wind Energy along with Heavy Industries. Beginning in February 2015, Heavy Industries began to produce petroleum and chemical equipment, and produces and sells a variety heat exchangers, separators, tanks, towers, cryogenic equipment, and other products. The Company refers to this new segment of its business as the petroleum and chemical equipment segment.

Fulland Wind Energy was formed on August 27, 2008. In 2009, the Company began to produce and sell forged products through Fulland Wind Energy. Through Fulland Wind Energy, the Company manufactures and machines all forged products, including wind products such as shafts, rolled rings, gear rims, gearboxes, bearings and other components and finished products and assemblies for the wind power and other industries, including large-scale equipment used in the manufacturing process for the various industries. The Company refers to this segment of its business as the forged rolled rings and related components segment.

Dyeing, which was formed on August 17, 1995, produces and sells a variety of high and low temperature dyeing and finishing machinery for the textile industry. The Company refers to this segment as the dyeing and finishing equipment segment.

Basis of presentation; management’s responsibility for preparation of condensed financial statements

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Fulland, Green Power and Fulland Wind Energy, as well as the financial statements of Huayang Companies, Dyeing and Heavy Industries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2015. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2015. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2014 contained herein has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2014, but do not include all disclosures required by the U.S. GAAP.

Pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, the Huayang Companies are considered variable interest entities (“VIE”), and the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company’s relationships with the Huayang Companies and their shareholders are governed by a series of contractual arrangements between Green Power, the Company’s wholly foreign-owned enterprise in the PRC, and each of the Huayang Companies, which are the operating companies of the Company in the PRC. Under PRC laws, each of Green Power, Dyeing and Heavy Industries is an independent legal entity and none of them is exposed to liabilities incurred by the other parties. The contractual arrangements constitute valid and binding obligations of the parties of such agreements. Each of the contractual arrangements and the rights and obligations of the parties thereto are enforceable and valid in accordance with the laws of the PRC. On October 12, 2007, the Company entered into the following contractual arrangements with each of Dyeing and Heavy Industries:

Consulting Services Agreement. Pursuant to the exclusive consulting services agreements between Green Power and the Huayang Companies, Green Power has the exclusive right to provide to the Huayang Companies general business operation services, including advice and strategic planning, as well as consulting services related to the technological research and development of dyeing and finishing machines, electrical equipment and related components (the “ Services ”). Under this agreement, Green Power owns the intellectual property rights developed or discovered through research and development, in the course of providing the Services, or derived from the provision of the Services. The Huayang Companies shall pay a quarterly consulting service fees in Renminbi (“RMB”) to Fulland that is equal to all of the Huayang Companies’ profits for such quarter.

Operating Agreement. Pursuant to the operating agreement among Green Power, the Huayang Companies and all shareholders of the Huayang Companies, Green Power provides guidance and instructions on the Huayang Companies’ daily operations, financial management and employment issues. The Huayang Companies’ shareholders must designate the candidates recommended by Green Power as their representatives on the boards of directors of each of the Huayang Companies. Green Power has the right to appoint senior executives of the Huayang Companies. In addition, Green Power agrees to guarantee the Huayang Companies’ performance under any agreements or arrangements relating to the Huayang Companies’ business arrangements with any third party. The Huayang Companies, in return, agree to pledge their accounts receivable and all of their assets to Green Power. Moreover, each of the Huayang Companies agrees that, without the prior consent of Green Power, it will not engage in any transactions that could materially affect its assets, liabilities, rights or operations, including, without limitation, incurrence or assumption of any indebtedness, sale or purchase of any assets or rights, incurrence of any encumbrance on any of their assets or intellectual property rights in favor of a third party or transfer of any agreements relating to their business operation to any third party. The term of this agreement, as amended on November 1, 2008, is 20 years from October 12, 2007 and may be extended only upon Green Power’s written confirmation prior to the expiration of the this agreement, with the extended term to be mutually agreed upon by the parties.

Equity Pledge Agreement. Under the equity pledge agreement between the Huayang Companies’ shareholders and Green Power, the Huayang Companies’ shareholders pledged all of their equity interests in the Huayang Companies to Green Power to guarantee the Huayang Companies’ performance of their respective obligations under the consulting services agreement. If the Huayang Companies or the Huayang Companies’ shareholders breach their respective contractual obligations, Green Power, as pledgee, will be entitled to certain rights, including the right to sell the pledged equity interests. The Huayang Companies’ shareholders also agreed that, upon occurrence of any event of default, Green Power shall be granted an exclusive, irrevocable power of attorney to take actions in the place and stead of the Huayang Companies’ shareholders to carry out the security provisions of the equity pledge agreement and take any action and execute any instrument that Green Power may deem necessary or advisable to accomplish the purposes of the equity pledge agreement. The Huayang Companies’ shareholders agreed not to dispose of the pledged equity interests or take any actions that would prejudice Green Power’s interest. The equity pledge agreement will expire two years after the Huayang Companies’ obligations under the consulting services agreements have been fulfilled.

Option Agreement. Under the option agreement between the Huayang Companies’ shareholders and Green Power, the Huayang Companies’ shareholders irrevocably granted Green Power or its designated person an exclusive option to purchase, to the extent permitted under PRC law, all or part of the equity interests in the Huayang Companies for the cost of the initial contributions to the registered capital or the minimum amount of consideration permitted by applicable PRC law. Green Power or its designated person has sole discretion to decide when to exercise the option, whether in part or in full. The term of this agreement, as amended on November 1, 2008, is 20 years from October 12, 2007 and may be extended prior to its expiration by written agreement of the parties.

Pursuant to ASC Topic 810 and related subtopics related to the consolidation of variable interest entities, the accounts of the Huayang Companies are consolidated in the accompanying financial statements. As VIEs, the Huayang Companies’ sales are included in the Company’s total sales, its income from operations is consolidated with the Company’s, and the Company’s net income includes all of the Huayang Companies net income. The Company does not have any non-controlling interest and, accordingly, did not subtract any net income in calculating the net income of the VIEs that is attributable to the Company. Because of the contractual arrangements, the Company has a pecuniary interest in the Huayang Companies that requires consolidation of the Company’s and the Huayang Companies’ financial statements.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and the related disclosures at the date of the financial statements and during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from these estimates. Significant estimates in the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 include the allowance for doubtful accounts, the allowance for obsolete inventory, the useful life of property and equipment and intangible assets, assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-term assets and valuation of deferred tax assets, accruals for taxes due, and the value of stock-based compensation.

Cash and cash equivalents 

For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less and money market accounts to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains with various financial institutions mainly in the PRC and the U.S. As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, cash balances in banks in the PRC of $16,804,908 and $7,792,993, respectively, are uninsured.

Fair value of financial instruments and other assets

The Company adopted the guidance of ASC Topic 820 for fair value measurements which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.

Level 2-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3-Inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.

At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, equipment held for sale was measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as shown in the following table.

	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs  (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs  (Level 3)		Balance at  June 30, 2015		Impairment  Loss
Equipment held for sale	$	-	$	-	$	425,988	$	425,988	$	-

	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs  (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs  (Level 3)		Balance at December 31, 2014		Impairment Loss
Equipment held for sale	$	-	$	-	$	422,540	$	422,540	$	3,799,947

The Company conducted an impairment assessment on the equipment held for sale based on the guidelines established in ASC Topic 360 to determine the estimated fair market value of the equipment as of December 31, 2014. Upon completion of its 2014 impairment analysis, the Company determined that the carrying value exceeded the fair market value on this equipment. Accordingly, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $3,799,947 at December 31, 2014. The difference in the value of equipment held for sale at June 30, 2015 from December 31, 2014 reflects changes in the currency exchange rate.

The carrying amounts reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, notes receivable, accounts receivable, inventories, advances to suppliers, deferred tax assets, prepaid expenses and other, short-term bank loans, bank acceptance notes payable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, advances from customers, VAT and service taxes payable and income taxes payable approximate their fair market value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments.

ASC Topic 825-10 “Financial Instruments” allows entities to voluntarily choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (fair value option). The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable, unless a new election date occurs. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized gains and losses for that instrument should be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The Company did not elect to apply the fair value option to any outstanding instruments.

Concentrations of credit risk

The Company’s operations are carried out in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environment in the PRC, and by the general state of the PRC’s economy. The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and trade accounts receivable. Substantially all of the Company’s cash is maintained with state-owned banks within the PRC, and none of these deposits are covered by insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any risks on its cash in bank accounts. A significant portion of the Company’s sales are credit sales which are primarily to customers whose ability to pay is dependent upon the industry economics prevailing in these areas; however, concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivables is limited due to generally short payment terms. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers to help further reduce credit risk.

At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company’s cash balances by geographic area were as follows:

Country:	June 30, 2015				December 31, 2014
United States	$	2,054	0.01	%	$	42,798	0.5	%
China		16,804,908	99.99	%		7,792,993	99.5	%
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	16,806,962	100.0	%	$	7,835,791	100.0	%

Restricted cash

Restricted cash consists of cash deposits held by a bank to secure bank acceptance notes payable.

Notes receivable

Notes receivable represents trade accounts receivable due from customers where the customers’ bank has guaranteed the payment of the receivable. This amount is non-interest bearing and is normally paid within six months. Historically, the Company has experienced no losses on notes receivable. The Company’s notes receivable totaled $85,403 and $114,034 at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. 

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses. The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, a customer’s historical payment history, its current credit-worthiness and current economic trends. Accounts are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection. At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company has established, based on a review of its outstanding balances, an allowance for doubtful accounts in the amounts of $1,325,872 and $1,321,328, respectively. 

Inventories

Inventories, consisting of raw materials, work in process and finished goods related to the Company’s products are stated at the lower of cost or market utilizing the weighted average method. An allowance is established when management determines that certain inventories may not be saleable. If inventory costs exceed expected market value due to obsolescence or quantities in excess of expected demand, the Company will record reserves for the difference between the cost and the market value. These reserves are recorded based on estimates. The Company recorded an inventory reserve of $183,129 and $181,646 at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

Advance to suppliers

Advance to suppliers represents the cash paid in advance for the purchase of raw material from suppliers. The advance payments are intended to ensure preferential pricing and delivery. The amounts advanced under such arrangements totaled $567,348 and $565,581 as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in the statements of income and comprehensive income in the year of disposition. The Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of fixed assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable.

Included in property and equipment is construction-in-progress which consisted of factory improvements and machinery pending installation and includes the costs of construction, machinery and equipment, and any interest charges arising from borrowings used to finance these assets during the period of construction or installation of the assets. No provision for depreciation is made on construction-in-progress until such time as the relevant assets are completed and ready for their intended use.

Equipment held for sale

At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company reflected electro-slag re-melted (“ESR”) equipment that was used in 2010 and 2011 to produce forged products for the high performance components market as equipment held for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company has not found and does not expect to find any potential buyer or lessee in the next twelve months.

Impairment of long-lived assets

In accordance with ASC Topic 360, the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable, or at least annually. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its book value. The Company did not record any impairment charge for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014. 

Advances from customers  

Advances from customers at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 amounted to $959,530 and $495,461, respectively, and consist of prepayments from customers for merchandise that had not yet been shipped. The Company will recognize the deposits as revenue as customers take delivery of the goods and title to the assets is transferred to customers in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy.

Revenue recognition

Pursuant to the guidance of ASC Topic 605 and ASC Topic 360, the Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the purchase price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.

The Company recognizes revenues from the sale of dyeing and finishing equipment, forged rolled rings and other components, petroleum and chemical equipment upon shipment and transfer of title. The other elements may include installation and, generally, a one-year warranty. Equipment installation revenue is valued based on estimated service person hours to complete installation and is recognized when the labor has been completed and the equipment has been accepted by the customer, which is generally within a couple days of the delivery of the equipment. Warranty revenue is valued based on estimated service person hours to complete a service and generally is recognized over the contract period. For the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, amounts allocated to installation and warranty revenues were $20,120 and $32,531, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, amounts allocated to installation and warranty revenues were $42,886 and $65,320, respectively. Based on historical experience, warranty service calls and any related labor costs have been minimal.

All other product sales with customer specific acceptance provisions, including the forged rolled rings, are recognized upon customer acceptance and the delivery of the parts or service. Revenues related to spare part sales are recognized upon shipment or delivery based on the trade terms.

Income taxes

The Company is governed by the Income Tax Law of the PRC and the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset/liability method prescribed by ASC 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance to offset deferred tax assets if based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or loss in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company applied the provisions of ASC 740-10-50, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” which provides clarification related to the process associated with accounting for uncertain tax positions recognized in the Company’s financial statements. Audit periods remain open for review until the statute of limitations has passed. The completion of review or the expiration of the statute of limitations for a given audit period could result in an adjustment to the Company’s liability for income taxes. Any such adjustment could be material to the Company’s results of operations for any given quarterly or annual period based, in part, upon the results of operations for the given period. As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had no uncertain tax positions, and will continue to evaluate for uncertain positions in the future.

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation is accounted for based on the requirements of the Share-Based Payment topic of ASC Topic 718 which requires recognition in the financial statements of the cost of employee and director services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments over the period the employee or director is required to perform the services in exchange for the award (presumptively, the vesting period). The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) also requires measurement of the cost of employee and director services received in exchange for an award based on the grant-date fair value of the award.

Pursuant to ASC Topic 505-50, for share-based payments to consultants and other third-parties, compensation expense is determined at the “measurement date.” The expense is recognized over the vesting period of the award. Until the measurement date is reached, the total amount of compensation expense remains uncertain. The Company records compensation expense based on the fair value of the award at the reporting date. The awards to consultants and other third-parties are then revalued, or the total compensation is recalculated, based on the then current fair value, at each subsequent reporting date.

Shipping costs

Shipping costs are included in selling expenses and totaled $377,844 and $297,835 for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Shipping costs totaled $630,496 and $615,559 for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Employee benefits

The Company’s operations and employees are all located in the PRC. The Company makes mandatory contributions to the PRC government’s health, retirement benefit and unemployment funds in accordance with the relevant Chinese social security laws. The costs of these payments are charged to the same accounts as the related salary costs in the same period as the related salary costs incurred. Employee benefit costs totaled $54,926 and $59,146 for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Employee benefit costs totaled $123,378 and $118,987 for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Advertising

Advertising is expensed as incurred and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and totaled $19,103 and $4,850 for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Advertising expenses totaled $19,103 and $5,714 for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. 

Research and development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. The costs primarily consist of raw materials and salaries incurred for the development and improvement of the Company’s new dyeing machinery. Research and development costs totaled $28,562 and $31,248 for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Research and development costs totaled $57,260 and $58,119 for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. 

Foreign currency translation

The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the parent company is the U.S. dollar and the functional currency of the Company’s operating subsidiaries is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). For the subsidiaries and affiliates, whose functional currencies are the RMB, results of operations and cash flows are translated at average exchange rates during the period, assets and liabilities are translated at the unified exchange rate at the end of the period, and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. As a result, amounts relating to assets and liabilities reported on the statements of cash flows may not necessarily agree with the changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in determining comprehensive income. The cumulative translation adjustment and effect of exchange rate changes on cash for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 was $94,996 and $(2,343), respectively. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date with any transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred. 

All of the Company’s revenue transactions are transacted in the functional currency of the operating subsidiaries and affiliates. Other than for the purchase of equipment from non-Chinese suppliers, the Company does not enter into any material transaction in foreign currencies. Transaction gains or losses have not had, and are not expected to have, a material effect on the results of operations of the Company.

Asset and liability accounts at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were translated at 6.0888 RMB to $1.00 and at 6.1385 RMB to $1.00, respectively, which were the exchange rates on the balance sheet dates. Equity accounts were stated at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to the statements of income for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 were 6.1128 RMB and 6.1397 RMB to $1.00, respectively. Cash flows from the Company’s operations are calculated based upon the local currencies using the average translation rate.

Income per share of common stock

ASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.

Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, common stock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. The Company did not have any potentially dilutive common stock outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.

The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net income per share:

	Three Months Ended  June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014
Net income available to common stockholders for basic and diluted net income per share of common stock	$	1,226,570	$	2,217,904	$	2,469,004	$	4,614,262
Weighted average common stock outstanding - basic and diluted		3,939,986		3,632,222		3,937,333		3,568,219
Net income per common share - basic and diluted	$	0.31	$	0.61	$	0.63	$	1.29

Related parties

Parties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions. All transactions are recorded at fair value of the goods or services exchanged.

Comprehensive income

Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders. For the Company, comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 included net income and unrealized gains (losses) from foreign currency translation adjustments. 

Recent accounting pronouncements

In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) 2015-03 Interest – Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 838-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (“ASU 2015-03”). This ASU will simplify the presentation of debt issuance costs. It will require that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The amendments in ASU 2015-03 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2015. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, “Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis,” which makes certain changes to both the variable interest model and the voting model, including changes to (1) the identification of variable interests (fees paid to a decision maker or service provider), (2) the variable interest entity characteristics for a limited partnership or similar entity and (3) the primary beneficiary determination. ASU 2015-02 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-01, Income Statement – Extraordinary and Unusual Items, or ASU 2015-01. ASU 2015-01 eliminates from GAAP the concept of extraordinary items. However, the presentation and disclosure guidance for items that are unusual in nature of occur infrequently will be retained and will be expanded to include items that are both unusual in nature and infrequently occurring. The amendments in ASU 2015-01 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. A reporting entity may apply the amendments prospectively. A reporting entity also may apply the amendments retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by FASB that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption. The Company does not discuss recent pronouncements that are not anticipated to have an impact on or are unrelated to its consolidated financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.

Reclassification

Certain reclassifications have been made in prior year same period’s consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period’s financial presentation.