UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the

(Mark One) Securities Exchange Act of 1934

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission file number 001-11252

Hallmark Financial Services, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada	87-0447375
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
5420 Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway, Suite 1100, Dallas, Texas	75240
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (817) 348-1600

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.18 par value	HALL	Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  ☒      No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer,  a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,”  “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☒	Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 15(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: Common Stock, par value $0.18 per share – 18,142,158 shares outstanding as of  November 5, 2020.

PART I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.   Financial Statements

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	Page Number
Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2020 (unaudited) and December 31, 2019	3
Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019	4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited) for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019	5
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited) for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019	6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019	7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	8

2

Hallmark Financial Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

($ in thousands, except par value)

		September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
		(unaudited)
ASSETS
Investments:
Debt securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $414,197 in 2020 and $569,498 in 2019)	$	417,569	$	574,279
Equity securities (cost: $25,735 in 2020 and $71,895 in 2019)		23,372		99,215
Other investments (cost: $3,763 in 2020 and $3,763 in 2019)		34		2,169
Total investments		440,975		675,663
Cash and cash equivalents		186,683		53,336
Restricted cash		17,671		1,612
Ceded unearned premiums		144,075		164,221
Premiums receivable		112,367		148,288
Accounts receivable		5,194		4,286
Receivable for securities		1,568		12,581
Reinsurance recoverable		504,472		315,466
Deferred policy acquisition costs		22,365		22,994
Goodwill		—		44,695
Intangible assets, net		1,938		5,087
Federal income tax recoverable		19,748		8,995
Deferred federal income taxes, net		8,012		2,185
Prepaid expenses		3,634		2,603
Other assets		28,805		33,262
Total assets	$	1,497,507	$	1,495,274
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Senior unsecured notes due 2029 (less unamortized debt issuance cost of $868 in 2020 and $942 in 2019)	$	49,132	$	49,058
Subordinated debt securities (less unamortized debt issuance cost of $808 in 2020 and $846 in 2019)		55,894		55,856
Reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses		755,891		620,355
Unearned premiums		351,294		388,926
Reinsurance balances payable		67,346		59,274
Pension liability		1,141		1,388
Payable for securities		507		1,648
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses		40,123		55,487
Total liabilities		1,321,328		1,231,992
Commitments and contingencies (Note 19)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $.18 par value, authorized 33,333,333 shares; issued 20,872,831 shares in 2020 and 2019		3,757		3,757
Additional paid-in capital		122,877		123,468
Retained earnings		74,957		160,570
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income		(386)		688
Treasury stock (2,730,673 shares in 2020 and 2,749,738 in 2019), at cost		(25,026)		(25,201)
Total stockholders’ equity		176,179		263,282
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,497,507	$	1,495,274

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

3

Hallmark Financial Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

($ in thousands, except per share amounts)

		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Gross premiums written	$	196,464	$	224,178	$	581,697	$	629,730
Ceded premiums written		(80,353)		(96,405)		(230,094)		(260,711)
Net premiums written		116,111		127,773		351,603		369,019
Change in unearned premiums		3,449		(15,274)		17,486		(50,991)
Net premiums earned		119,560		112,499		369,089		318,028
Investment income, net of expenses		2,660		5,050		10,314		15,573
Investment (losses) gains, net		(627)		(1,342)		(27,899)		17,412
Finance charges		1,316		1,778		4,488		5,309
Commission and fees		209		287		793		944
Other income		15		13		48		43
Total revenues		123,133		118,285		356,833		357,309
Losses and loss adjustment expenses		124,253		78,548		312,531		221,861
Operating expenses		34,296		31,074		93,703		87,656
Interest expense		1,273		1,386		4,061		3,879
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		45,996		—
Amortization of intangible assets		617		617		1,851		1,851
Total expenses		160,439		111,625		458,142		315,247
(Loss) income before tax		(37,306)		6,660		(101,309)		42,062
Income tax (benefit) expense		(9,302)		1,373		(15,696)		8,721
Net (loss) income	$	(28,004)	$	5,287	$	(85,613)	$	33,341
Net (loss) income per share:
Basic	$	(1.54)	$	0.29	$	(4.72)	$	1.84
Diluted	$	(1.54)	$	0.29	$	(4.72)	$	1.82

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

4

Hallmark Financial Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income

(Unaudited)

($ in thousands)

		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net (loss) income	$	(28,004)	$	5,287	$	(85,613)	$	33,341
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in net actuarial gain		35		36		104		108
Tax effect on change in net actuarial gain		(8)		(8)		(22)		(23)
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period		2,706		1,777		4,149		13,010
Tax effect on unrealized holding gains arising during the period		(568)		(373)		(872)		(2,732)
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net (loss) income		(390)		(175)		(5,612)		(4,376)
Tax effect on reclassification adjustment for gains included in net (loss) income		82		36		1,179		919
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		1,857		1,293		(1,074)		6,906
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(26,147)	$	6,580	$	(86,687)	$	40,247

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

5

Hallmark Financial Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited)

($ in thousands)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Common Stock
Balance, beginning of period	$	3,757	$	3,757	$	3,757	$	3,757
Balance, end of period		3,757		3,757		3,757		3,757
Additional Paid-In Capital
Balance, beginning of period		122,729		122,778		123,468		123,168
Equity based compensation		154		317		(416)		514
Shares issued under employee benefit plans		(6)		—		(175)		(587)
Balance, end of period		122,877		123,095		122,877		123,095
Retained Earnings
Balance, beginning of period		102,961		189,249		160,570		161,195
Net (loss) income		(28,004)		5,287		(85,613)		33,341
Balance, end of period		74,957		194,536		74,957		194,536
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Balance, beginning of period		(2,243)		(1,047)		688		(6,660)
Additional minimum pension liability, net of tax		27		28		82		85
Unrealized holding gains arising during period, net of tax		2,138		1,404		3,277		10,278
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income, net of tax		(308)		(139)		(4,433)		(3,457)
Balance, end of period		(386)		246		(386)		246
Treasury Stock
Balance, beginning of period		(25,032)		(25,201)		(25,201)		(25,928)
Acquisition of treasury stock		—		—		—		(1,380)
Shares issued under employee benefit plans		6		—		175		2,107
Balance, end of period		(25,026)		(25,201)		(25,026)		(25,201)
Total Stockholders' Equity	$	176,179	$	296,433	$	176,179	$	296,433

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

6

Hallmark Financial Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

($ in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$	(85,613)	$	33,341
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense		4,257		4,001
Deferred federal income taxes (benefit) expense		(5,597)		2,596
Investment losses (gains), net		27,899		(17,412)
Share-based payments (benefit) expense		(416)		514
Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles		45,996		—
Change in ceded unearned premiums		20,146		(31,015)
Change in premiums receivable		35,921		(20,802)
Change in accounts receivable		(908)		(27)
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs		629		(7,613)
Change in reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses		135,536		38,049
Change in unearned premiums		(37,632)		82,005
Change in reinsurance recoverable		(189,006)		(61,523)
Change in reinsurance balances payable		8,072		(5,529)
Change in federal income tax (recoverable) payable		(10,753)		676
Change in all other liabilities		(15,499)		677
Change in all other assets		4,073		4,962
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(62,895)		22,900
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(1,277)		(3,688)
Purchases of investment securities		(160,410)		(184,689)
Maturities, sales and redemptions of investment securities		373,988		171,587
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		212,301		(16,790)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options		—		1,520
Payment of revolving credit facility		—		(30,000)
Payment of debt issuance costs		—		(979)
Proceeds from senior unsecured note offering		—		50,000
Purchase of treasury shares		—		(1,380)
Net cash provided by financing activities		—		19,161
Increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		149,406		25,271
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		54,948		40,471
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	204,354	$	65,742

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

7

Hallmark Financial Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. General

Hallmark Financial Services, Inc. (“Hallmark” and, together with subsidiaries, the “Company”, “we,” “us” or “our”) is an insurance holding company that, through its subsidiaries, engages in the sale of property/casualty insurance products to businesses and individuals. Our business involves marketing, distributing, underwriting and servicing our insurance products, as well as providing other insurance related services.

We market, distribute, underwrite and service our property/casualty insurance products primarily through business units organized by products and distribution channel. Our business units are supported by our insurance company subsidiaries.  Our Commercial Auto business unit offers primary and excess commercial vehicle insurance products and services; our E&S Casualty business unit offers primary and excess liability, excess public entity liability, E&S package and garage liability insurance products and services; our E&S Property business unit offers primary and excess commercial property insurance for both catastrophe and non-catastrophe exposures; our Professional Liability business unit offers healthcare and financial lines professional liability insurance products and services primarily for businesses, medical professionals, medical facilities and senior care facilities; and our Aerospace & Programs business unit offers general aviation and satellite launch property/casualty insurance products and services, as well as certain specialty programs.  Our Commercial Accounts business unit offers package and monoline property/casualty and occupational accident insurance products. Effective June 1, 2016 we ceased marketing new or renewal occupational accident policies.  Our former Workers Compensation operating unit specialized in small and middle market workers compensation business. Effective July 1, 2015, we no longer market or retain any risk on new or renewal workers compensation policies. Our Specialty Personal Lines business unit offers non-standard personal automobile and renters insurance products and services. Our insurance company subsidiaries supporting these business units are American Hallmark Insurance Company of Texas (“AHIC”), Hallmark Insurance Company (“HIC”), Hallmark Specialty Insurance Company (“HSIC”), Hallmark County Mutual Insurance Company (“HCM”), Hallmark National Insurance Company (“HNIC”) and Texas Builders Insurance Company (“TBIC”).

These business units are segregated into three reportable industry segments for financial accounting purposes. The Specialty Commercial Segment includes our Commercial Auto business unit, E&S Casualty business unit, E&S Property business unit, Professional Liability business unit and Aerospace & Programs business unit. The Standard Commercial Segment consists of the Commercial Accounts business unit and the runoff from our former Workers Compensation operating unit. The Personal Segment consists solely of our Specialty Personal Lines business unit.

2. Basis of Presentation

Our unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include our accounts and the accounts of our subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial reporting. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.

The interim financial data as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 is unaudited. However, in the opinion of management, the interim data includes all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods. The results of operations for the periods ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for the full year.

8

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Financial Statements

Our preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect our reported amounts of assets and liabilities and our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements, as well as our reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Refer to “Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments” under Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for information on accounting policies that we consider critical in preparing our consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value estimates are made at a point in time based on relevant market data as well as the best information available about the financial instruments. Fair value estimates for financial instruments for which no or limited observable market data is available are based on judgments regarding current economic conditions, credit and interest rate risk. These estimates involve significant uncertainties and judgments and cannot be determined with precision. As a result, such calculated fair value estimates may not be realizable in a current sale or immediate settlement of the instrument. In addition, changes in the underlying assumptions used in the fair value measurement technique, including discount rate and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect these fair value estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents:  The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for these instruments approximate their fair values.

Restricted Cash:  The carrying amount for restricted cash reported in the balance sheet approximates the fair value.

Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2029:  Our senior unsecured notes payable due in 2029 had a carrying value of $49.1 million and a fair value of $52.6 million as of September 30, 2020.   Our senior unsecured notes payable would be included in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy if they were reported at fair value

Subordinated Debt Securities:  Our trust preferred securities had a carrying value of $55.9 million and a fair value of $30.3 million as of September 30, 2020. Our trust preferred securities would be included in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy if they were reported at fair value.

For reinsurance balances, premiums receivable, federal income tax recoverable, other assets and other liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of such financial instruments.

Variable Interest Entities

On June 21, 2005, we formed Hallmark Statutory Trust I (“Trust I”), an unconsolidated trust subsidiary, for the sole purpose of issuing $30.0 million in trust preferred securities. Trust I used the proceeds from the sale of these securities and our initial capital contribution to purchase $30.9 million of subordinated debt securities from Hallmark. The debt securities are the sole assets of Trust I, and the payments under the debt securities are the sole revenues of Trust I.

On August 23, 2007, we formed Hallmark Statutory Trust II (“Trust II”), an unconsolidated trust subsidiary, for the sole purpose of issuing $25.0 million in trust preferred securities. Trust II used the proceeds from the sale of these securities and our initial capital contribution to purchase $25.8 million of subordinated debt securities from Hallmark. The debt securities are the sole assets of Trust II, and the payments under the debt securities are the sole revenues of Trust II.

We evaluate on an ongoing basis our investments in Trust I and Trust II (collectively the “Trusts”) and have determined that we do not have a variable interest in the Trusts. Therefore, the Trusts are not included in our consolidated financial statements.

We are also involved in the normal course of business with variable interest entities primarily as a passive investor in mortgage-backed securities and certain collateralized corporate bank loans issued by third-party variable interest

9

entities. The maximum exposure to loss with respect to these investments is limited to the investment carrying values included in the consolidated balance sheets.

Income Taxes

We file a consolidated federal income tax return. Deferred federal income taxes reflect the future tax consequences of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year end. Deferred taxes are recognized using the liability method, whereby tax rates are applied to cumulative temporary differences based on when and how they are expected to affect the tax return. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for tax rate changes in effect for the year in which these temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements

On August 28, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement: Disclosure Framework- Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (Topic 820), which amends ASC 820 to add, remove, and modify fair value measurement disclosure requirements.  The requirements to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the policy for timing of transfers between levels and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements have all been removed. However, the changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period must be disclosed along with the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements (or other quantitative information if it is more reasonable). Finally, for investments measured at net asset value, the requirements have been modified so that the timing of liquidation and the date when restrictions from redemption might lapse are only disclosed if the investee has communicated the timing to the entity or announced the timing publicly. This ASU is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. As the amendments are only disclosure related, our financial statements were not materially impacted by this update.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (Topic 350). ASU 2017-04 requires only a one-step quantitative impairment test, whereby a goodwill impairment loss will be measured as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value (not to exceed the total goodwill allocated to that reporting unit). It eliminates Step 2 of the current two-step goodwill impairment test, under which a goodwill impairment loss is measured by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill. The ASU is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, financials position or liquidity.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. ASU 2016-02 requires organizations that lease assets to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. Additionally, ASU 2016-02 modifies current guidance for lessors' accounting. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. During 2018, the FASB issued several amendments and targeted improvements to ease the application of the standard, including the addition of a transition approach that gives the Company the option of applying the standard at either the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented or the beginning of the period of adoption. We adopted the standard on its effective date of January 1, 2019. We also elected certain practical expedients that allow us not to reassess existing leases under the new guidance. As of September 30, 2020, $14.5 million of right-of-use assets and $16.3 million of lease liabilities for operating leases were included in the other assets and other liabilities line items of the balance sheet, respectively, as a result of the adoption of this update.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2019, the FASB issued updated guidance for the accounting for income taxes.  The updated guidance is intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing several exceptions contained in the existing guidance and amending other existing guidance to simplify several other income tax accounting matters.  The updated guidance is effective for the quarter ending March 31, 2021.  Early adoption is permitted.  The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, financials position or liquidity.

10

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (Topic 326). ASU 2016-13 requires organizations to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including receivables and available-for-sale debt securities, by introducing an approach based on expected losses. The expected loss approach will require entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. As a smaller reporting company, ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years of the Company beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  ASU 2016-13 requires a modified retrospective transition method and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on our financial results and disclosures, but do not anticipate that any potential impact would be material.  

3. Acquisitions, Goodwill and Intangible Assets

In connection with its normal process for evaluating impairment triggering events, the Company determined that a significant decline in its market capitalization below its stockholders’ equity during the first quarter of 2020  indicated the impairment of the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets included in its balance sheet.  As a result, the Company took a $44.7 million charge to goodwill and a $1.3 million charge to indefinite-lived intangible assets during the first quarter of 2020. As of September 30, 2020 there is no goodwill reported on our consolidated balance sheet.

4. Fair Value

ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure requirements about fair value measurements. ASC 820, among other things, requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. In addition, ASC 820 precludes the use of block discounts when measuring the fair value of instruments traded in an active market, which were previously applied to large holdings of publicly traded equity securities.

We determine the fair value of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy established in ASC 820. In accordance with ASC 820, we utilize the following fair value hierarchy:

● Level 1: quoted prices in active markets for identical assets;

● Level 2: inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, inputs of identical assets for less active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the instrument; and

● Level 3: inputs to the valuation methodology that are unobservable for the asset or liability.

This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available.

Under ASC 820, we determine fair value based on the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. It is our policy to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements, in accordance with the fair value hierarchy described above. Fair value measurements for assets and liabilities where there exists limited or no observable market data are calculated based upon our pricing policy, the economic and competitive environment, the characteristics of the asset or liability and other factors as appropriate. These estimated fair values may not be realized upon actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset or liability.

Where quoted prices are available on active exchanges for identical instruments, investment securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 investment securities include common and preferred stock and an equity warrant classified as Other Investments.

Level 2 investment securities include corporate bonds, collateralized corporate bank loans, municipal bonds, U.S. Treasury securities, other obligations of the U.S. Government and mortgage-backed securities for which quoted prices are

11

not available on active exchanges for identical instruments. We use third-party pricing services to determine fair values for each Level 2 investment security in all asset classes. Since quoted prices in active markets for identical assets are not available, these prices are determined using observable market information such as quotes from less active markets and/or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, among other things. We have reviewed the processes used by the pricing services and have determined that they result in fair values consistent with the requirements of ASC 820 for Level 2 investment securities. We have not adjusted any prices received from third-party pricing sources. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 securities.

In cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, investment securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 3 investments are valued based on the best available data in order to approximate fair value. This data may be internally developed and consider risk premiums that a market participant would require. Investment securities classified within Level 3 include other less liquid investment securities.

The following table presents, for each of the fair value hierarchy levels, assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	As of September 30, 2020
	Quoted Prices in
	Active Markets for
	Identical Assets		Other Observable		Unobservable
	(Level 1)		Inputs (Level 2)		Inputs (Level 3)		Total
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government	$	—	$	61,001	$	-	$	61,001
Corporate bonds		—		239,154		325		239,479
Collateralized corporate bank loans		—		55,334		-		55,334
Municipal bonds		—		55,638		-		55,638
Mortgage-backed		—		6,117		-		6,117
Total debt securities		—		417,244		325		417,569
Total equity securities		23,372		—		—		23,372
Total other investments		34		—		—		34
Total investments	$	23,406	$	417,244	$	325	$	440,975

	As of December 31, 2019
	Quoted Prices in
	Active Markets for
	Identical Assets		Other Observable		Unobservable
	(Level 1)		Inputs (Level 2)		Inputs (Level 3)		Total
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government	$	—	$	66,600	$	—	$	66,600
Corporate bonds		—		300,486		339		300,825
Collateralized corporate bank loans		—		115,757		—		115,757
Municipal bonds		—		83,270		—		83,270
Mortgage-backed		—		7,827		—		7,827
Total debt securities		—		573,940		339		574,279
Total equity securities		99,215		—		—		99,215
Total other investments		2,169		—		—		2,169
Total investments	$	101,384	$	573,940	$	339	$	675,663

Due to significant unobservable inputs into the valuation model for one corporate bond as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we classified this investment as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The corporate bond is a convertible senior note and its fair value was estimated by the sum of the bond value using an income approach discounting the scheduled interest and principal payments and the conversion feature utilizing a binomial lattice model. We also estimated the fair value of the corporate bond utilizing an as-if converted basis into the underlying securities. Significant changes in the unobservable inputs in the fair value measurement of this corporate bond could result in a significant change in the fair value measurement.

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The following table summarizes the changes in fair value for all financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

Beginning balance as of January 1, 2020	$	339
Sales		—
Settlements		—
Purchases		—
Issuances		—
Total realized/unrealized losses included in net income		—
Net gain included in other comprehensive income		(14)
Transfers into Level 3		—
Transfers out of Level 3		—
Ending balance as of September 30, 2020	$	325

Beginning balance as of January 1, 2019	$	291
Sales		—
Settlements		—
Purchases		—
Issuances		—
Total realized/unrealized gains included in net income		—
Net gains included in other comprehensive income		153
Transfers into Level 3		—
Transfers out of Level 3		—
Ending balance as of September 30, 2019	$	444

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5. Investments

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investments in debt and equity securities by category is as follows (in thousands):

			Gross		Gross
		Cost /	Unrealized		Unrealized
	Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
As of September 30, 2020
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government	$	60,332	$	671	$	(2)	$	61,001
Corporate bonds		235,469		5,291		(1,281)		239,479
Collateralized corporate bank loans		57,559		-		(2,225)		55,334
Municipal bonds		54,837		852		(51)		55,638
Mortgage-backed		6,000		122		(5)		6,117
Total debt securities		414,197		6,936		(3,564)		417,569
Total equity securities		25,735		2,989		(5,352)		23,372
Total other investments		3,763		—		(3,729)		34
Total investments	$	443,695	$	9,925	$	(12,645)	$	440,975
As of December 31, 2019
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government	$	66,441	$	162	$	(3)	$	66,600
Corporate bonds		297,601		3,387		(163)		300,825
Collateralized corporate bank loans		115,669		556		(468)		115,757
Municipal bonds		81,787		1,531		(48)		83,270
Mortgage-backed		8,000		46		(219)		7,827
Total debt securities		569,498		5,682		(901)		574,279
Total equity securities		71,895		35,028		(7,708)		99,215
Total other investments		3,763		—		(1,594)		2,169
Total investments	$	645,156	$	40,710	$	(10,203)	$	675,663

Major categories of net investment gains (losses) on investments are summarized as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government	$	(3)	$	—	$	(3)	$	—
Corporate bonds		352		154		766		171
Collateralized corporate bank loans		66		(103)		(19)		(65)
Municipal bonds		(25)		124		1,397		4,271
Mortgage-backed		—		—		—		(1)
Equity securities		—		—		3,471		—
Gain on investments		390		175		5,612		4,376
Unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities		937		(1,941)		(29,683)		11,175
Other-than-temporary impairments		(1,692)		—		(1,692)		—
Unrealized (losses) gains on other investments		(262)		424		(2,136)		1,861
Investment (losses) gains, net	$	(627)	$	(1,342)	$	(27,899)	$	17,412

We realized gross gains on investments of $0.5 million and $0.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and $22.4 million and $4.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We realized gross losses on investments of $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and $16.8 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We recorded proceeds from the sale of investment securities of $47.4 million and $6.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 respectively, and $155.0 million and $13.0 million for the

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nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019, respectively. Realized investment gains and losses are recognized in operations on the first in-first out method.

The following schedules summarize the gross unrealized losses showing the length of time that investments have been continuously in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	As of September 30, 2020
	12 months or less				Longer than 12 months				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government	$	18,091	$	(2)	$	—	$	—	$	18,091	$	(2)
Corporate bonds		8,982		(1,035)		4,071		(246)		13,053		(1,281)
Collateralized corporate bank loans		49,558		(1,571)		5,638		(654)		55,196		(2,225)
Municipal bonds		2,550		(33)		1,379		(18)		3,929		(51)
Mortgage-backed		—		—		14		(5)		14		(5)
Total debt securities		79,181		(2,641)		11,102		(923)		90,283		(3,564)
Total equity securities		10,265		(4,187)		1,935		(1,165)		12,200		(5,352)
Total other investments		—		—		34		(3,729)		34		(3,729)
Total investments	$	89,446	$	(6,828)	$	13,071	$	(5,817)	$	102,517	$	(12,645)

	As of December 31, 2019
	12 months or less				Longer than 12 months				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government	$	—	$	—	$	5,513	$	(3)	$	5,513	$	(3)
Corporate bonds		27,268		(144)		1,150		(19)		28,418		(163)
Collateralized corporate bank loans		9,000		(41)		10,228		(427)		19,228		(468)
Municipal bonds		4,808		(29)		1,618		(19)		6,426		(48)
Mortgage-backed		1,712		(101)		562		(118)		2,274		(219)
Total debt securities		42,788		(315)		19,071		(586)		61,859		(901)
Total equity securities		10,905		(2,363)		6,093		(5,345)		16,998		(7,708)
Total other investments		—		—		2,169		(1,594)		2,169		(1,594)
Total investments	$	53,693	$	(2,678)	$	27,333	$	(7,525)	$	81,026	$	(10,203)

We had a total of 84 debt securities with an unrealized loss, of which 68 were in an unrealized loss position for less than one year and 16 were in an unrealized loss position for a period of one year or greater, as of September 30, 2020.  We held a total of 61 debt securities with an unrealized loss, of which 41 were in an unrealized loss position for less than one year and 20 were in an unrealized loss position for a period of one year or greater, as of December 31, 2019. We consider these losses as a temporary decline in value as they are predominately on securities that we do not intend to sell and do not believe we will be required to sell prior to recovery of our amortized cost basis. The gross unrealized losses on the debt security positions at September 30, 2020 were due predominately to market and interest rate fluctuations and we see no other indications that the decline in values of these securities is other-than-temporary.

Based on evidence gathered through our normal credit evaluation process, we presently expect that all debt securities held in our investment portfolio will be paid in accordance with their contractual terms. Nonetheless, it is at least reasonably possible that the performance of certain issuers of these debt securities will be worse than currently expected resulting in future write-downs within our portfolio of debt securities.

Also, as a result of the challenging market conditions, we expect the volatility in the valuation of our equity securities to continue in the foreseeable future. This volatility may lead to changes regarding retention strategies for certain equity securities.

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We complete a detailed analysis each quarter to assess whether any decline in the fair value of any debt security below cost is deemed other-than-temporary. All debt securities with an unrealized loss are reviewed. We recognize an impairment loss when a debt security’s value declines below cost, adjusted for accretion, amortization and previous other-than-temporary impairments and it is determined that the decline is other-than-temporary. We recognized $1.7 million of other-than-temporary impairment on debt securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.  We did not recognize any impairment loss on debt securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Debt Investments: We assess whether we intend to sell, or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell, a fixed maturity investment before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current period credit losses. For fixed maturity investments that are considered other-than-temporarily impaired and that we do not intend to sell and will not be required to sell, we separate the amount of the impairment into the amount that is credit related (credit loss component) and the amount due to all other factors. The credit loss component is recognized in earnings and is the difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and the present value of its expected future cash flows. The remaining difference between the investment’s fair value and the present value of future expected cash flows is recognized in other comprehensive income. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 we did not dispose of any previously impaired securities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 we disposed of six previously impaired securities and recognized a realized gain of $4.1 million.

Equity Investments: On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Topic 825).” ASU 2016-01 requires equity investments that are not consolidated or accounted for under the equity method of accounting to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income each reporting period.  As a result of this standard, equity securities with readily determinable fair values are not required to be evaluated for other-than-temporary-impairment.

Details regarding the carrying value of the other investments portfolio as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	2020		2019
Investment Type
Equity warrant	$	34	$	2,169
Total other investments	$	34	$	2,169

We acquired this warrant in an active market. The warrant entitles us to buy the underlying common stock of a publicly traded company at a fixed price until the expiration date of January 19, 2021.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at September 30, 2020 by contractual maturity are as follows. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.

	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	113,961	$	115,144
Due after one year through five years		248,003		250,693
Due after five years through ten years		32,766		31,560
Due after ten years		13,467		14,055
Mortgage-backed		6,000		6,117
	$	414,197	$	417,569

6. Pledged Investments

We have pledged certain of our securities for the benefit of various state insurance departments and reinsurers. These securities are included with our available-for-sale debt securities because we have the ability to trade these securities. We retain the interest earned on these securities. These securities had a carrying value of $26.8 million and $28.9 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

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7. Reserves for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

Year to-date activity in the consolidated reserves for unpaid losses and LAE is summarized as follows (in thousands):

	September 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Balance at January 1	$	620,355	$	527,247
Less reinsurance recoverable		272,604		221,716
Net balance at January 1		347,751		305,531
Incurred related to:
Current year		257,572		214,080
Loss portfolio transfer		21,700		—
Prior years		33,259		7,781
Total incurred		312,531		221,861
Paid related to:
Current year		67,146		75,834
Loss portfolio transfer		21,700		—
Prior years		177,325		146,929
Total paid		266,171		222,763
Net balance at September 30		394,111		304,629
Plus reinsurance recoverable		361,780		260,667
Balance at September 30	$	755,891	$	565,296

The year to date impact from the unfavorable (favorable) net prior years’ loss development on each reporting segment is presented below:

	September 30,
	2020		2019
Specialty Commercial Segment	$	23,961	$	11,232
Standard Commercial Segment		2,350		(3,508)
Personal Segment		6,948		57
Corporate		—		—
Total unfavorable net prior year development	$	33,259	$	7,781

The following describes the primary factors behind each segment’s prior accident year reserve development for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

Nine months ended September 30, 2020:

● Specialty Commercial Segment. Our Commercial Auto business unit experienced net unfavorable development in the 2018 and prior accident years both in the primary and excess commercial automobile liability lines of business, partially offset by net favorable development in the excess commercial automobile lines of business in the 2019 accident year. Our E&S Casualty business unit experienced net unfavorable development primarily in our primary liability line of business and our E&S package insurance products in the  2017, 2016, 2015 and 2013 and prior accident years, partially offset by net favorable development in the 2019, 2018 and 2014 accident years. We experienced net favorable development in our E&S Property business unit, partially offset by net unfavorable development in our Aerospace & Programs and Professional Liability business units.

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● Standard Commercial Segment. Our Commercial Accounts business unit experienced net unfavorable development primarily in the general liability line of business in the 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2013 and prior accident years, partially offset by net favorable development in the 2019 and 2014 accident years primarily in the general liability line of business. Our Commercial Accounts business unit experienced net favorable development in the 2016 and 2015 accident years, partially offset by net unfavorable development in the 2017 and 2014 accident years, in the occupational accident line of business. The run-off from our former Workers Compensation operating unit experienced net favorable development in the 2014 and prior accident years, partially offset by net unfavorable development in the 2015 accident year.

● Personal Segment. Net unfavorable development in our Specialty Personal Lines business unit was mostly attributable to the 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016 accident years, partially offset by favorable development in the 2015 and prior accident years. The net development during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was driven predominately by unfavorable development attributable to more recent treaty years where we retain a greater portion of the claims.

Nine months ended September 30, 2019:

● Specialty Commercial Segment. Our Commercial Auto business unit experienced net unfavorable development in the 2017 and prior accident years primarily in the primary commercial automobile liability line of business, partially offset by net favorable development in the primary commercial automobile line of business in the 2018 accident year. Our E&S Casualty business unit experienced net unfavorable development primarily in our E&S package insurance products in the 2017 and prior accident years, partially offset by net favorable development in the 2018 accident year. We experienced net favorable development in our E&S Property and Professional Liability business units, partially offset by net unfavorable development in our Aerospace & Programs business unit.

● Standard Commercial Segment. Our Commercial Accounts business unit experienced net favorable development in the 2018, 2017, 2014 and 2012 and prior accident years primarily in the general liability line of business, partially offset by net unfavorable development primarily in the general liability line of business in the 2016 and 2015 accident years. Our Commercial Accounts business unit experienced net favorable development in the 2017 and 2015 accident years in the occupational accident line of business. The run-off from our former Workers Compensation operating unit experienced net favorable development in the 2015 and 2012 and prior accident years, partially offset by net unfavorable development in the 2014 and 2013 accident years.

● Personal Segment. Net unfavorable development in our Specialty Personal Lines business unit was mostly attributable to the 2018, 2016, 2014, 2012 and prior accident years, partially offset by favorable development in the 2017, 2015 and 2013 accident years.

8. Share-Based Payment Arrangements

Our 2005 Long Term Incentive Plan (“2005 LTIP”) is a stock compensation plan for key employees and non-employee directors that was initially approved by the shareholders on May 26, 2005 and expired by its terms on May 27, 2015.  As of September 30, 2020, there were no outstanding incentive stock options and outstanding non-qualified stock options to purchase 14,157 shares of our common stock. The exercise price of all such outstanding stock options is equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant.

Our 2015 Long Term Incentive Plan (“2015 LTIP”) was approved by shareholders on May 29, 2015.  There are 2,000,000 shares authorized for issuance under the 2015 LTIP.  As of September 30, 2020, restricted stock units representing the right to receive up to 362,794 shares of our common stock were outstanding under the 2015 LTIP.  There were no stock option awards granted under the 2015 LTIP as of September 30, 2020.

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Stock Options:

Non-qualified stock options granted under the 2005 LTIP generally vest 100% six months after the date of grant and terminate ten years from the date of grant.  The grant of 200,000 non-qualified stock options in 2009 vested in equal annual increments on each of the first seven anniversary dates and was fully exercised prior to termination in 2019.  

A summary of the status of our stock options as of September 30, 2020 and changes during the nine months then ended is presented below:

				Average
				Remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	Weighted Average		Contractual	Intrinsic Value
	Shares	Exercise Price		Term (Years)	($000)
Outstanding at January 1, 2020	14,157	$	6.99
Granted	—		—
Exercised	—	$	—
Forfeited or expired	—	$	—
Outstanding at September 30, 2020	14,157	$	6.99	1.3	$	—
Exercisable at September 30, 2020	14,157	$	6.99	1.3	$	—

The following table details the intrinsic value of options exercised, total cost of share-based payments charged against income before income tax benefit and the amount of related income tax benefit recognized in income for the periods indicated (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Intrinsic value of options exercised	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	845
Cost of share-based payments (non-cash)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Income tax benefit of share-based payments recognized in income	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

As of September 30, 2020, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted under our plans which is expected to be recognized in the future.

The fair value of each stock option granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of Hallmark’s and similar companies’ common stock for a period equal to the expected term. The risk-free interest rates for periods within the contractual term of the options are based on rates for U.S. Treasury Notes with maturity dates corresponding to the options expected lives on the dates of grant. Expected term is determined based on the simplified method as we do not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a basis for estimating the expected term. There were no stock options granted during the first nine months of 2020 or 2019.

Restricted Stock Units:

Restricted stock units awarded under the 2015 LTIP represent the right to receive shares of common stock upon the satisfaction of vesting requirements, performance criteria and other terms and conditions. Restricted stock units vest and shares of common stock become issuable on March 31 of the third calendar year following the year of grant if performance criteria have been satisfied.

The performance criteria for all restricted stock units require that we achieve certain compound average annual growth rates in book value per share as well as certain average combined ratio percentages over the vesting period in order to receive shares of common stock in amounts ranging from 50% to 150% of the number of restricted stock units granted. Grantees of restricted stock units do not have any rights of a stockholder, and do not participate in any distributions to our common stockholders, until the award fully vests upon satisfaction of the vesting schedule, performance criteria and other

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conditions set forth in their award agreement. Therefore, unvested restricted stock units are not considered participating securities under ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share” (Topic 260), and are not included in the calculation of basic or diluted earnings per share.

Compensation cost is measured as an amount equal to the fair value of the restricted stock units on the date of grant and is expensed over the vesting period if achievement of the performance criteria is deemed probable, with the amount of the expense recognized based on our best estimate of the ultimate achievement level.  The grant date fair value of restricted stock units granted in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was $11.41, $10.20, $10.87 and $18.10 per unit, respectively.  We incurred compensation expense (benefit) of $154 thousand and ($416) thousand related to restricted stock units during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.  We incurred compensation expense of $317 thousand and $514 thousand related to restricted stock units during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.  We recorded income tax benefit (expense) of $32 thousand and ($88) thousand related to restricted stock units during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.  We recorded income tax benefit of $67 thousand and $108 thousand related to restricted stock units during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

The following table details the status of our restricted stock units as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Number of Restricted Stock Units
	2020	2019
Nonvested at January 1	353,491	338,897
Granted	—	97,804
Vested	(19,065)	—
Forfeited	(92,563)	(83,210)
Nonvested at September 30	241,863	353,491

As of September 30, 2020, there was $1.4 million of unrecognized grant date compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units assuming compensation cost accrual at target achievement level.  Based on the current performance estimate, we expect to recognize $0.4 million of compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units, of which $0.1 million is expected to be recognized during the remainder of 2020, $0.2 million is expected to be recognized in 2021 and $0.1 million is expected to be recognized in 2022.

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9. Segment Information

The following is business segment information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues
Specialty Commercial Segment	$	86,589	$	81,341	$	269,833	$	222,900
Standard Commercial Segment		17,398		16,344		52,130		52,027
Personal Segment		20,513		22,943		65,300		65,542
Corporate		(1,367)		(2,343)		(30,430)		16,840
Consolidated	$	123,133	$	118,285	$	356,833	$	357,309
Pre-tax (loss) income
Specialty Commercial Segment	$	(26,751)	$	14,766	$	(4,577)	$	33,161
Standard Commercial Segment		(1,672)		62		(154)		3,626
Personal Segment		(2,065)		(740)		(5,836)		3,274
Corporate		(6,818)		(7,428)		(90,742)		2,001
Consolidated	$	(37,306)	$	6,660	$	(101,309)	$	42,062

The following is additional business segment information as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
Assets:	2020		2019
Specialty Commercial Segment	$	1,117,057	$	1,082,804
Standard Commercial Segment		182,977		193,710
Personal Segment		137,108		164,685
Corporate		60,365		54,075
Consolidated	$	1,497,507	$	1,495,274

10. Reinsurance

We reinsure a portion of the risk we underwrite in order to control the exposure to losses and to protect capital resources. We cede to reinsurers a portion of these risks and pay premiums based upon the risk and exposure of the policies subject to such reinsurance. Ceded reinsurance involves credit risk and is generally subject to aggregate loss limits. Although the reinsurer is liable to us to the extent of the reinsurance ceded, we are ultimately liable as the direct insurer on all risks reinsured. Reinsurance recoverables are reported after allowances for uncollectible amounts. We monitor the financial condition of reinsurers on an ongoing basis and review our reinsurance arrangements periodically. Reinsurers are selected based on their financial condition, business practices and the price of their product offerings. In order to mitigate credit risk to reinsurance companies, most of our reinsurance recoverable balance as of September 30, 2020 was with reinsurers that had an A.M. Best rating of “A–” or better.

The following table shows earned premiums ceded and reinsurance loss recoveries by period (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Ceded earned premiums	$	80,447	$	83,242	$	250,240	$	229,697
Reinsurance recoveries	$	64,697	$	50,564	$	217,814	$	158,128

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Loss Portfolio Transfer

On July 16, 2020, AHIC, HIC, HSIC, HCM and HNIC (collectively, the “Hallmark Insurers”), entered into a Loss Portfolio Transfer Reinsurance Contract to be effective as of January 1, 2020 (the “LPT Contract”) with DARAG Bermuda Ltd. (“DARAG Bermuda”) and DARAG Insurance (Guernsey) Limited (“DARAG Guernsey” and, collectively, the “Reinsurers”). 

The Hallmark LPT Contract was consummated on July 31, 2020.  The Company recorded a $21.7 million pre-tax loss during the third quarter of 2020 attributable to the closing of the LPT Contract.

Pursuant to the LPT Contract, (a) the Hallmark Insurers ceded to the Reinsurers all existing and future claims for losses occurring on or prior to December 31, 2019 on the binding primary commercial automobile liability insurance policies and the brokerage primary commercial automobile liability insurance policies issued by the Hallmark Insurers (the “Subject Business”) up to an aggregate limit of $240.0 million, with (i) the first layer of $151.2 million in reinsurance provided by DARAG Bermuda, (ii) the Hallmark Insurers retaining a loss corridor of the next $24.9 million in losses on the Subject Business, (iii) DARAG Bermuda reinsuring a second layer of $27.8 million above the first layer and the Hallmark Insurers’ loss corridor, and (iv) DARAG Guernsey reinsuring the top layer of $36.1 million in losses on the Subject Business, in each case net of third-party reinsurance and other recoveries; (b) the Hallmark Insurers will continue to manage and retain the benefit of other third-party reinsurance on the Subject Business; and (c) the Hallmark Insurers paid the Reinsurers a net reinsurance premium of $92.6  million.  In connection with the closing, the parties also entered into a Services Agreement and a Trust Agreement. Pursuant to the Services Agreement, DARAG Bermuda assumed responsibility for certain administrative services, including claims handling, for the Subject Business.  Pursuant to the Trust Agreement, the Reinsurers made initial cash deposits in the aggregate amount of $96.7 million into collateral trust accounts with The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, to be held as security for the Reinsurers’ obligations to the Hallmark Insurers under the LPT Contract.

As of September 30, 2020, the ultimate incurred losses are $157.9 million or $6.7 million in excess of the first layer and currently in the loss corridor in which Hallmark retains $24.9 million.  Our reinsurance recoverables of $504.5 million include $72.8 million related to the LPT as of September 30, 2020.

11. Revolving Credit Facility

Our Second Restated Credit Agreement with Frost Bank (“Frost”) dated June 30, 2015, as amended, provided a $15.0 million revolving credit facility (“Facility A”), with a $5.0 million letter of credit sub-facility. The outstanding balance of the Facility A bore interest at a rate equal to the prime rate or LIBOR plus 2.5%, at our election. We paid an annual fee of 0.25% of the average daily unused balance of Facility A and letter of credit fees at the rate of 1.00% per annum.  On August 19, 2019, we terminated Facility A.

The Second Restated Credit Agreement with Frost also provided a $30.0 million revolving credit facility (“Facility B”), in addition to Facility A. We used Facility B loan proceeds solely for the purpose of making capital contributions to AHIC and HIC.  We paid a quarterly fee of 0.25% per annum of the average daily unused balance of Facility B.  Facility B bore interest at a rate equal to the prime rate or LIBOR plus 3.00%, at our election.  On August 19, 2019, we repaid the $30.0 million principal balance and accrued interest on Facility B.  Upon such repayment, we terminated Facility B.

12. Subordinated Debt Securities

We issued trust preferred securities through Trust I and Trust II.  These Delaware statutory trusts are sponsored and wholly-owned by Hallmark and each was created solely for the purpose of issuing the trust preferred securities.  Each trust pays dividends on its preferred securities at the same rate each quarter as interest is paid on the junior subordinated debt securities.  Under the terms of the junior subordinated debt securities, we pay interest only each quarter and the

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principal of each note at maturity.  The subordinated debt securities of each trust are uncollateralized and do not require maintenance of minimum financial covenants.

The following table summarizes the nature and terms of the junior subordinated debt and trust preferred securities:

		Trust I		Trust II
Issue date		June 21, 2005		August 23, 2007
Principal amount of trust preferred securities	$	30,000	$	25,000
Principal amount of junior subordinated debt securities	$	30,928	$	25,774
Maturity date of junior subordinated debt securities		June 15, 2035		September 15, 2037
Trust common stock	$	928	$	774
Interest rate, per annum		Three Month LIBOR + 3.25%		Three Month LIBOR + 2.90%
Current interest rate at September 30, 2020		3.50%		3.15%

13. Senior Unsecured Notes

On August 19, 2019, Hallmark issued $50.0 million of senior unsecured notes (“Notes”) due August 15, 2029.  Interest on the Notes accrues at the rate of 6.25% per annum and is payable semi-annually in arrears commencing February 15, 2020.  The Notes are not obligations of or guaranteed by any of Hallmark’s subsidiaries and are not subject to any sinking fund requirements.  At Hallmark’s option, the Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, prior to the stated maturity subject to certain provisions intended to make the holders of the Notes whole on scheduled interest and principal payments.  The indenture governing the Notes contains covenants which restrict Hallmark’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends on or acquire its common stock, or make payments on its other securities or indebtedness if any such action would cause the Company’s debt to capital ratio (calculated in accordance with the indenture) to exceed 35%.  Among other things, the indenture also limits Hallmark’s ability to create liens on the stock of, dispose of all or substantially all of the assets of, or permit the merger or consolidation with another entity of any direct or indirect insurance company subsidiary with statutory surplus of at least $50.0 million. Hallmark is in compliance with all of these covenants.

14. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

The following table shows total deferred and amortized policy acquisition cost activity by period (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Deferred	$	(20,939)	$	8,247	$	(45,342)	$	(39,300)
Amortized		21,684		(9,843)		45,971		31,687
Net	$	745	$	(1,596)	$	629	$	(7,613)

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15. Earnings per Share

The following table sets forth basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2020	2019	2020	2019
Weighted average shares - basic	18,142	18,123	18,136	18,101
Effect of dilutive securities	—	172	—	182
Weighted average shares - assuming dilution	18,142	18,295	18,136	18,283

For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2020, 14,157 shares of common stock potentially issuable upon the exercise of employee stock options were excluded from the weighted average number of shares outstanding on a diluted basis because the effect of such options would be anti-dilutive.  For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019, all shares of common stock potentially issuable upon the exercise of employee stock options were included in the weighted average number of shares outstanding on a diluted basis.  

16. Net Periodic Pension Cost

The following table details the net periodic pension cost incurred by period (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Interest cost	$	89	$	113	$	266	$	340
Amortization of net loss		34		36		104		108
Expected return on plan assets		(171)		(149)		(513)		(448)
Net periodic pension cost	$	(48)	$	—	$	(143)	$	—
Contributed amount	$	—	$	500	$	—	$	500

Refer to Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for more discussion of our retirement plans.

17. Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was 15.5% and 20.7%, respectively. The effective rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 varied from the statutory tax rates primarily due to the non-deductible impairment of goodwill. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 varied from the statutory tax rates primarily due to tax exempt interest income.  

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18. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the consolidated balance sheet to the total of the same such amounts shown in the statement of cash flows (in thousands):

	As of September 30,
	2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	186,683	$	64,045
Restricted cash		17,671		1,697
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	204,354	$	65,742

Restricted cash represents amounts required to be set aside by a contractual agreement with a third-party insurer and amounts pledged for the benefit of various state insurance departments.

The following table provides supplemental cash flow information for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Interest paid	$	4,845	$	3,911
Income taxes paid	$	654	$	5,449
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing activities:
Receivable for securities related to investment disposals	$	1,568	$	6,351
Payable for securities related to investment purchases	$	507	$	1,952

19. Commitments and Contingencies

On May 5, 2020, a lawsuit styled Schulze v. Hallmark Financial Services, Inc., et. al (Case No. 3:20-cv-01130) was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division.  The Company, its Chief Executive Officer and its former Chief Financial Officer are named defendants in the lawsuit brought on behalf of a putative class of shareholders who acquired Hallmark securities between March 5, 2019 and March 17, 2020. In general, the complaint alleges that the defendants violated the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by failing to disclose that (a) the Company lacked effective internal controls over financial reporting related to its reserves for unpaid losses, (b) the Company improperly accounted for reserves for unpaid losses, (c) the Company would be forced to report $63.8 million of prior year net adverse loss development, (d) the Company would exit the contract binding line of its commercial automobile primary insurance business, and (e) the defendants’ positive statements about the Company’s business, operations and prospects were materially misleading and/or lacked a reasonable basis. An amended complaint was filed on September 30, 2020. Defendants’ responsive pleading is not yet due and has not been filed. The litigation is in its initial stages and we are unable to reasonably predict its potential outcome. The Company, however, believes that the lawsuit is without merit and intends to vigorously defend the claims. The Company’s current policy is to expense legal costs as incurred. Historically, the Company has not carried director and officer liability insurance and does not currently hold such a policy.

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As of September 30, 2020, we were engaged in various other legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business, none of which, either individually or in the aggregate, are believed likely to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations, in the opinion of management. The various other legal proceedings to which we were a party are routine in nature and incidental to our business.

20. Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Balances

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income balances as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

					Accumulated Other
	Pension		Unrealized		Comprehensive
	Liability		Gains (Loss)		Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(3,334)	$	(3,326)	$	(6,660)
Other comprehensive income:
Change in net actuarial gain		108		—		108
Tax effect on change in net actuarial gain		(23)		—		(23)
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period		—		13,010		13,010
Tax effect on unrealized gains arising during the period		—		(2,732)		(2,732)
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income		—		(4,376)		(4,376)
Tax effect on reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income		—		919		919
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		85		6,821		6,906
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	(3,249)	$	3,495	$	246
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	(3,239)	$	3,927	$	688
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in net actuarial gain		104		—		104
Tax effect on change in net actuarial gain		(22)		—		(22)
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period		—		4,149		4,149
Tax effect on unrealized holding gains arising during the period		—		(872)		(872)
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net loss		—		(5,612)		(5,612)
Tax effect on reclassification adjustment for gains included in net loss		—		1,179		1,179
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		82		(1,156)		(1,074)
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	(3,157)	$	2,771	$	(386)

21. Leases

We adopted ASU 2016-02, “Leases, (Topic 842)” on January 1, 2019, which resulted in the recognition of operating leases on the balance sheet in 2019 and going forward. See Note 2 for more information on the adoption of ASU 2016-02. Right-of-use assets are included in the other assets line item and lease liabilities are included in the other liabilities line item of the consolidated balance sheet. We also elected certain practical expedients that allow us not to reassess existing leases under the new guidance. We determine if a contract contains a lease at inception and recognize operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments at the commencement date. Since our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. Lease agreements have lease and non-lease components, which are accounted for as a single lease component. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company’s operating lease obligations predominately pertain to office leases utilized in the operation of our business. Our leases have remaining terms of 1 to 13 years, some of which include options to extend the leases. The components of lease expense and other lease information as of and during the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

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	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Operating lease cost	$	750	$	790	$	2,291	$	2,146
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	758	$	392	$	1,749	$	1,495
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Other lease information as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	14,467	$	16,044
Operating lease liabilities	$	16,348	$	17,347
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases		10.3		10.6
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		5.87%		5.88%

We incurred $12 thousand in short-term lease payments not included in our lease liability during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

         Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

	September 30,			December 31,
	2020			2019
2020	$	724	$	2,473
2021		2,172		2,172
2022		2,171		2,171
2023		1,885		1,885
2024		1,941		1,941
Thereafter		13,325		13,325
Total future minimum lease payments (a)	$	22,218	$	23,967
Less imputed interest	$	(5,870)	$	(6,620)
Total operating lease liability	$	16,348	$	17,347

(a) Minimum lease payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease rentals of $433 thousand due in the future under non-cancelable subleases.

During the third quarter of 2020 we entered into a sublease on an office space located at 13727 Noel Road, Dallas, Texas.  Certain employees of our Commercial Auto and E&S Casualty business units, were previously located at this office space.  During the third quarter we recorded sublease income of $45 thousand as a reduction to rent expense.  

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. This discussion contains forward-looking statements. Please see “Risks Associated with Forward-Looking Statements in this Form 10-Q” for a discussion of some of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements.

Introduction

Hallmark Financial Services, Inc. (“Hallmark” and, together with subsidiaries, “we,” “us,” “our,” or the Company) is an insurance holding company that, through its subsidiaries, engages in the sale of property/casualty insurance products to businesses and individuals. Our business involves marketing, distributing, underwriting and servicing our insurance products, as well as providing other insurance related services. Our business is geographically concentrated in the south central and northwest regions of the United States, except for our Specialty Commercial business which is written on a national basis. We pursue our business activities through subsidiaries whose operations are organized into product-specific business units, which are supported by our insurance company subsidiaries.

Our non-carrier insurance activities are segregated by business units into the following reportable segments:

● Specialty Commercial Segment. Our Specialty Commercial Segment includes our Commercial Auto business unit which offers primary and excess commercial vehicle insurance products and services; our E&S Casualty business unit which offers primary and excess liability, excess public entity liability and E&S package and garage liability insurance products and services; our E&S Property business unit which offers primary and excess commercial property insurance for both catastrophe and non-catastrophe exposures; our Professional Liability business unit which offers healthcare and financial lines professional liability insurance products and services primarily for businesses, medical professionals, medical facilities and senior care facilities; and our Aerospace & Programs business unit which offers general aviation and satellite launch property/casualty insurance products and services, as well as certain specialty programs.

● Standard Commercial Segment. Our Standard Commercial Segment includes the package and monoline property/casualty and occupational accident insurance products and services handled by our Commercial Accounts business unit and the runoff of workers compensation insurance products handled by our former Workers Compensation operating unit. Effective June 1, 2016, we ceased marketing new or renewal occupational accident policies. Effective July 1, 2015, the former Workers Compensation operating unit ceased retaining any risk on new or renewal policies.

● Personal Segment. Our Personal Segment includes the non-standard personal automobile and renters insurance products and services handled by our Specialty Personal Lines business unit.

The retained premium produced by these reportable segments is supported by our American Hallmark Insurance Company of Texas (“AHIC”), Hallmark Specialty Insurance Company (“HSIC”), Hallmark Insurance Company (“HIC”), Hallmark National Insurance Company (“HNIC”) and Texas Builders Insurance Company (“TBIC”) insurance subsidiaries. In addition, control and management of Hallmark County Mutual Insurance Company (“HCM”) is maintained through our wholly owned subsidiary, CYR Insurance Management Company (“CYR”). CYR has as its primary asset a management agreement with HCM which provides for CYR to have management and control of HCM. HCM is used to front certain lines of business in our Specialty Commercial and Personal Segments in Texas. HCM does not retain any business.

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AHIC, HIC, HSIC and HNIC have entered into a pooling arrangement pursuant to which AHIC retains 32% of the total net premiums written by any of them, HIC retains 32% of our total net premiums written by any of them, HSIC retains 26% of our total net premiums written by any of them and HNIC retains 10% of our total net premiums written by any of them. Neither HCM nor TBIC is a party to the intercompany pooling arrangement.

Results of Operations

Management overview. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, our total revenue was $123.1 million, representing an increase of 4% from the $118.3 million in total revenue for the same period of 2019.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our total revenue was $356.8 million which was $0.5 million lower than the $357.3 million in total revenue for the same period of 2019.  During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we reported a pre-tax loss of $37.3 million, as compared to pre-tax income of $6.7 million reported during the same period the prior year. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we reported a pre-tax loss of $101.3 million, as compared to pre-tax income of $42.1 million reported during the same period the prior year.

The increase in revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was largely due to higher net premiums earned and lower net investment losses, partially offset by lower net investment income and finance charges as compared to the same period of the prior year.  The decrease in revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to net investment losses of $27.9 million as compared to net investment gains of $17.4 million during the same period of 2019, as well as a $5.3 million decrease in net investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period of the prior year.  This decrease in revenue was partially offset by increased net premiums earned of $51.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period of the prior year.

The decrease in income before tax for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was due primarily to increased losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) of $45.7 million, as compared to the same period in 2019, partially offset by the increase in revenue. The increase in losses and LAE was due primarily to a $21.7 million charge for a loss portfolio transfer reinsurance contract that closed during the quarter, increased net premiums earned, $13.9 million of unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development during the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $6.4 million during the same period of 2019, and net catastrophe losses of $9.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $0.6 million for the same period the prior year.  

The pre-tax loss during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was largely due to a $44.7 million impairment charge to goodwill and a $1.3 million charge to indefinite-lived intangible assets.  In connection with its normal process for evaluating impairment triggering events, the Company determined that a significant decline in its market capitalization below its stockholders’ equity during the first quarter of 2020 indicated the impairment of the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets included in our balance sheet.

Further contributing to the increase in the pre-tax loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were increased losses and LAE of $90.7 million, due primarily to a $21.7 million charge for a loss portfolio transfer reinsurance contract, increased net premiums earned as compared to the same period in 2019, and unfavorable prior year loss reserve development and increased net catastrophe losses.  We reported $33.3 million of unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $7.8 million of unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development during the same period of 2019.  Loss and LAE for the first nine months of 2020 was also impacted by a $17.6 million increase in catastrophe losses as compared to the same period of the prior year, of which $5.0 million was attributable to reserves for COVID-19 claims.  

We reported a net loss of $28.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to net income of $5.3 million for the same period in 2019.  We reported a net loss of $85.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to net income of $33.3 million for the same period in 2019.  On a diluted basis per share, we reported a net loss of $1.54 per share for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to net income of $0.29 per share for the same period in 2019.  On a diluted basis per share, we reported a net loss of $4.72 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to net income of $1.82 per share for the same period in 2019.  Our effective tax rate was 15.5% for the first nine months of 2020 as compared to 20.7% for the same period in 2019.  The decrease in the

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effective tax rate for the first nine months in 2020 was due in large part to the non-deductible impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Third Quarter 2020 as Compared to Third Quarter 2019

The following is additional business segment information for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	Specialty Commercial						Standard Commercial
	Segment						Segment						Personal Segment						Corporate				Consolidated
	2020			2019			2020			2019			2020			2019			2020		2019		2020			2019
Gross premiums written	$	150,016		$	174,695		$	24,726		$	23,563		$	21,722		$	25,920		$	—	$	—	$	196,464		$	224,178
Ceded premiums written		(69,922)			(84,369)			(7,270)			(7,814)			(3,161)			(4,222)			—		—		(80,353)			(96,405)
Net premiums written		80,094			90,326			17,456			15,749			18,561			21,698			—		—		116,111			127,773
Change in unearned premiums		3,764			(14,043)			(744)			(590)			429			(641)			—		—		3,449			(15,274)
Net premiums earned		83,858			76,283			16,712			15,159			18,990			21,057			—		—		119,560			112,499
Total revenues		86,589			81,341			17,398			16,344			20,513			22,943			(1,367)		(2,343)		123,133			118,285
Losses and loss adjustment expenses		94,323			50,107			14,683			11,433			15,247			17,008			—		—		124,253			78,548
Pre-tax (loss) income	$	(26,751)		$	14,766		$	(1,672)		$	62		$	(2,065)		$	(740)		$	(6,818)	$	(7,428)	$	(37,306)		$	6,660
Net loss ratio (1)		112.5	%		65.7	%		87.9	%		75.4	%		80.3	%		80.8	%						103.9	%		69.8	%
Net expense ratio (1)		22.2	%		22.0	%		26.1	%		32.1	%		32.0	%		24.1	%						27.6	%		26.0	%
Net combined ratio (1)		134.7	%		87.7	%		114.0	%		107.5	%		112.3	%		104.9	%						131.5	%		95.8	%
Net (Unfavorable) Favorable Prior Year Development	$	(11,493)		$	(6,029)		$	(1,431)		$	(75)		$	(987)		$	(273)						$	(13,911)		$	(6,377)

(1) The net loss ratio is calculated as incurred losses and LAE divided by net premiums earned, each determined in accordance with GAAP. The net expense ratio is calculated as total underwriting expenses offset by agency fee income divided by net premiums earned, each determined in accordance with GAAP. Net combined ratio is calculated as the sum of the net loss ratio and the net expense ratio.

Specialty Commercial Segment

Gross premiums written for the Specialty Commercial Segment were $150.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was $24.7 million, or 14%, less than the $174.7 million reported for the same period of 2019.  Net premiums written were $80.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $90.3 million for the same period of 2019.  The decrease in gross and net premiums written was primarily the result of lower premium production in our Commercial Auto and E&S Property business units, partially offset by increased premium production in our E&S Casualty, Professional Liability and Aerospace & Programs business units.  In February 2020, we made the strategic decision to exit the contract binding line of the primary automobile business marketed by our Commercial Auto business unit as a result of increasing claim severity and limited opportunity for meaningful rate increases.  At that time, we began the process of non-renewing policies and placing in-force policies in runoff in accordance with state regulatory guidelines.  The exit of the contract binding line of the primary commercial automobile business contributed $25.1 million and $18.9 million to the decline in gross premiums written and net premiums written, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period the prior year.

The $86.6 million of total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $5.3 million more than the $81.3 million reported by the Specialty Commercial Segment for the same period in 2019. This increase in revenue was primarily due to higher net premiums earned of $7.6 million driven mostly by increased net premiums earned of $6.2 million from the Professional Liability business unit, $4.7 million from the E&S Casualty business unit, $1.1 million each from the E&S Property and Aerospace & Programs business units partially offset by a decrease of $5.5 million in net premiums earned in the Commercial Auto business unit.  The increase in net premiums earned was partially offset by lower net investment income of $2.2 million and lower commission and fees of $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period of 2019.

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The Specialty Commercial Segment reported a pre-tax loss of $26.7 million for the third quarter of 2020 as compared to pre-tax income of $14.8 million reported for the same period in 2019.  The $41.5 million decline in pre-tax results was primarily the result of higher losses and LAE of $44.2 million and higher operating expenses of $2.6 million, partially offset by the increased revenue discussed above during the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period during 2019.  The exit of the contract binding line of the primary commercial automobile business contributed $29.9 million to the pre-tax loss for the third quarter of 2020 as compared to $3.6 million of pre-tax income during the same period the prior year.  The $29.9 million pre-tax loss from the exited contract binding line of the primary commercial automobile business includes the $21.7 million charge for the loss portfolio transfer reinsurance contract that closed during the quarter.

Our Specialty Commercial Segment reported higher losses and LAE as the combined result of (a) a $26.9 million increase in losses and LAE in our Commercial Auto business unit due largely to $8.3 million of unfavorable prior year net loss reserve development recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $5.1 million of unfavorable prior year net loss reserve development during the same period of 2019, as well as a $21.7 million charge for the loss portfolio transfer reinsurance contract that closed during the quarter and higher current accident year net loss trends, (b) a $1.7 million increase in losses and LAE in our E&S Casualty business unit due primarily to increased net premiums earned as well as $2.3 million of unfavorable prior year net loss reserve development recognized during the third quarter of 2020 as compared to $1.4 million of unfavorable prior year net loss reserve development during the third quarter of 2019, (c) a $11.1 million increase in losses and LAE in our E&S Property business unit due primarily to higher net catastrophe losses of $8.1 million during the third quarter of 2020 as compared to negative net catastrophe losses of $0.9 million from favorable current accident year development of net catastrophe losses during the third quarter of 2019, higher net premiums earned, higher current accident year net loss trends and unchanged unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $0.3 million during both the third quarter of 2020 and 2019, (d) a $6.4 million increase in losses and LAE attributable to our Professional Liability business unit due primarily to increased net premiums earned, higher current accident year net loss trends and unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $0.5 million during the third quarter of 2020 as compared to favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $0.7 million during the same period the prior year, and (e) a $1.9 million decrease in losses and LAE in our Aerospace & Programs business unit due primarily to lower current accident year net loss trends driven by lower satellite losses partially offset by $0.1 million of unfavorable prior year net loss reserve development during the third quarter of 2020 compared to $0.1 million of favorable prior year net loss reserve development during the third quarter of 2019 and higher net premiums earned.  The exit of the contract binding line of the primary automobile business contributed $2.9 million to the Commercial Auto business unit’s prior year loss reserve development during the third quarter of 2020 as compared to $4.2 million for the same period the prior year.

Operating expenses increased $2.6 million primarily as the result of higher salary and related expenses of $1.6 million driven by increased incentive compensation expense, increased professional services of $0.8 million and higher production related expenses of $0.5 million, partially offset by lower travel and related expenses of $0.3 million.

The Specialty Commercial Segment reported a net loss ratio of 112.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 65.7% for the same period in 2019. The gross loss ratio before reinsurance was 100.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 62.4% for the same period in 2019.  The increase in the net loss ratio was due in large part from the $21.7 million charge for the loss portfolio transfer reinsurance contract that closed during the quarter that was reported as ceded incurred losses.  The increase in the gross and net loss ratios were also impacted by $11.5 million of unfavorable prior year net loss reserve development for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to unfavorable prior year net loss reserve development of $6.0 million for the same period of 2019.  Catastrophe losses of $8.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to negative catastrophe losses of $0.5 million from favorable current accident year development of catastrophe losses during the third quarter of 2019 also contributed to the increase in the loss ratios.  The Specialty Commercial Segment reported a net expense ratio of 22.2% for the third quarter of 2020 as compared to 22.0% for the same period of 2019.

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Standard Commercial Segment

Gross premiums written for the Standard Commercial Segment were $24.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was $1.1 million, or 5%, more than the $23.6 million reported for the same period in 2019.  Net premiums written were $17.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $15.7 million for the same period in 2019.  The increase in the gross and net premiums written was due to higher premium production in our Commercial Accounts business unit.

Total revenue for the Standard Commercial Segment of $17.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, was $1.1 million, or 7%, more than the $16.3 million reported for the same period in 2019. This increase in total revenue was due to higher net premiums earned of $1.6 million due to higher premium production, partially offset by lower net investment income of $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period of 2019.

Our Standard Commercial Segment reported a pre-tax loss of $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to pre-tax income of $62 thousand reported for the same period of 2019.  This decline in pre-tax results was the result of higher loss and LAE of $3.3 million, partially offset by the higher revenue discussed above as well as lower operating expenses of $0.5 million.  Decreased operating expenses were primarily the result of lower production related expenses of $0.3 million and lower occupancy and other general expenses of $0.2 million.

The Standard Commercial Segment reported a net loss ratio of 87.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 75.4% for the same period of 2019.  The gross loss ratio before reinsurance for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was 72.0% as compared to 67.6% reported for the same period of 2019.  The increase in the gross and net loss ratios was due primarily to unfavorable net loss reserve development of $1.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to unfavorable net loss reserve development of $75 thousand during the same period of 2019, net catastrophe losses of $1.5 million during the third quarter of 2020 compared to $0.4 million for the same period of the prior year and higher net premiums earned, partially offset by improved current accident year non-catastrophe net loss trends.  The Standard Commercial Segment reported a net expense ratio of 26.1% for the third quarter of 2020 as compared to 32.1% for the same period of 2019.  The decrease in the expense ratio was primarily due to lower operating expenses in our Commercial Accounts business unit, as well as increased net premiums earned.

Personal Segment

Gross premiums written for the Personal Segment were $21.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $25.9 million for the same period in the prior year.  Net premiums written for our Personal Segment were $18.6 million in the third quarter of 2020, which was a decrease of $3.1 million from the $21.7 million reported for the third quarter of 2019.  The decrease in gross and net written premiums was primarily due to lower premium production in our current geographical footprint.

Total revenue for the Personal Segment was $20.5 million for the third quarter of 2020 as compared to $22.9 million for the same period in 2019.  The decrease in revenue was primarily due to lower net premiums earned of $2.1 million and lower finance charges of $0.4 million, partially offset by higher investment income of $0.1 million during the third quarter of 2020 as compared to the same period during 2019.

Pre-tax loss for the Personal Segment was $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to a pre-tax loss of $0.7 million for the same period of 2019.  The decline in pre-tax results was primarily the result of decreased revenue as discussed above as well as increased operating expenses of $0.7 million, partially offset by lower losses and LAE of $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period during 2019.  The increased operating expenses were primarily the result of higher production related expenses of $0.9

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million, partially offset by lower salary and related expenses of $0.1 million and lower other general expenses of $0.1 million.

The Personal Segment reported a net loss ratio of 80.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 80.8% for the same period of 2019.  The gross loss ratio before reinsurance was 80.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 86.3% for the same period in 2019.  The lower gross and net loss ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was due to lower current accident year loss trends, including lower catastrophe losses of $0.7 million, partially offset by higher net unfavorable prior year loss reserve development.  The Personal Segment reported $1.0 million of net unfavorable prior year loss reserve development during the third quarter of 2020 as compared to $0.3 million net unfavorable prior year loss reserve development during the third quarter of 2019.  The Personal Segment had negligible catastrophe losses during the third quarter of 2020 compared to $0.7 million for the same period of the prior year.  The Personal Segment reported a net expense ratio of 32.0% for the third quarter of 2020 as compared to 24.1% for the same period of 2019.  The increase in the expense ratio was due primarily to higher operating expenses, as well as lower net premiums earned.

Corporate

Total revenue for Corporate increased by $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period the prior year.  This increase in total revenue was due predominately to investment losses of $0.6 million during the third quarter of 2020 as compared to investment losses of $1.3 million reported for the same period of 2019, and higher net investment income of $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period during 2019.

Corporate pre-tax loss was $6.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to pre-tax loss of $7.4 million for the same period of 2019.  The improvement in pre-tax results for the third quarter of 2020 as compared to the same period the prior year was primarily due to the higher revenue discussed above as well as lower interest expense of $0.1 million, partially offset by higher operating expenses of $0.5 million, primarily as a result of higher audit and legal fees.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 as compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

The following is additional business segment information for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Specialty Commercial						Standard Commercial
	Segment						Segment						Personal Segment						Corporate				Consolidated
	2020			2019			2020			2019			2020			2019			2020		2019		2020			2019
Gross premiums written	$	438,113		$	482,034		$	74,944		$	70,926		$	68,640		$	76,770		$	—	$	—	$	581,697		$	629,730
Ceded premiums written		(198,526)			(225,100)			(21,770)			(23,087)			(9,798)			(12,524)			—		—		(230,094)			(260,711)
Net premiums written		239,587			256,934			53,174			47,839			58,842			64,246			—		—		351,603			369,019
Change in unearned premiums		19,580			(47,109)			(3,643)			970			1,549			(4,852)			—		—		17,486			(50,991)
Net premiums earned		259,167			209,825			49,531			48,809			60,391			59,394			—		—		369,089			318,028
Total revenues		269,833			222,900			52,130			52,027			65,300			65,542			(30,430)		16,840		356,833			357,309
Losses and loss adjustment expenses		224,468			144,430			37,313			33,697			50,750			43,734			—		—		312,531			221,861
Pre-tax (loss) income		(4,577)			33,161			(154)			3,626			(5,836)			3,274			(90,742)		2,001		(101,309)		$	42,062
Net loss ratio (1)		86.6	%		68.8	%		75.3	%		69.0	%		84.0	%		73.6	%						84.7	%		69.8	%
Net expense ratio (1)		19.4	%		22.1	%		30.6	%		30.4	%		27.0	%		23.3	%						24.2	%		25.8	%
Net combined ratio (1)		106.0	%		90.9	%		105.9	%		99.4	%		111.0	%		96.9	%						108.9	%		95.6	%
Net (Unfavorable) Favorable Prior Year Development		(23,961)			(11,232)			(2,350)			3,508			(6,948)			(57)							(33,259)			(7,781)

(1) The net loss ratio is calculated as incurred losses and LAE divided by net premiums earned, each determined in accordance with GAAP. The net expense ratio is calculated as total underwriting expenses offset by agency fee income divided by net premiums earned, each determined in accordance with GAAP. Net combined ratio is calculated as the sum of the net loss ratio and the net expense ratio.

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Specialty Commercial Segment

Gross premiums written for the Specialty Commercial Segment were $438.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was $43.9 million, or 9%, less than the $482.0 million reported for the same period of 2019.  Net premiums written were $239.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $256.9 million for the same period of 2019.  The decrease in gross premiums written was primarily the result of lower premium production in our Commercial Auto business unit, partially offset by increased premium production in our E&S Casualty, Professional Liability, E&S Property and Aerospace & Programs business units.  The decrease in net premiums written was primarily the result of lower net premiums written in our Commercial Auto and E&S Property business units, partially offset by increased net premiums written in our E&S Casualty, Professional Liability and Aerospace & Programs business units.  In February 2020, we made the strategic decision to exit the contract binding line of the primary automobile business marketed by our Commercial Auto business unit as a result of increasing claim severity and limited opportunity for meaningful rate increases.  At that time, we began the process of non-renewing policies and placing in-force policies in runoff in accordance with state regulatory guidelines.  The exit of the contract binding line of the primary commercial automobile business contributed $66.4 million and $46.3 million to the decline in gross premiums written and net premiums written, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period the prior year.

The $269.8 million of total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $46.9 million more than the $222.9 million reported by the Specialty Commercial Segment for the same period in 2019.  This increase in revenue was primarily due to higher net premiums earned of $49.3 million attributable to increased net premiums earned of $19.5 million from the Professional Liability business unit, $16.1 million from the E&S Casualty business unit, $6.4 million from the E&S Property business unit, $5.0 million from the Commercial Auto business unit and $2.3 million from the Aerospace & Programs business unit.  The increase in net premiums earned was partially offset by lower net investment income of $2.3 million and lower commission and fees of $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period of 2019.

The Specialty Commercial Segment reported a pre-tax loss of $4.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to pre-tax income of $33.2 million reported for the same period in 2019.  The decrease in pre-tax results was primarily the result of higher losses and LAE of $80.0 million and higher operating expenses of $4.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period during 2019, partially offset by higher revenue as discussed above.  The exit of the contract binding line of the primary commercial automobile business contributed $37.6 million to the pre-tax loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $3.6 million of pre-tax income during the same period the prior year.  The $37.6 million pre-tax loss from the exited contract binding line of the primary commercial automobile business includes the $21.7 million charge for the loss portfolio transfer reinsurance contract that closed during the third quarter of 2020.

Our Specialty Commercial Segment reported higher losses and LAE as the combined result of (a) a $40.8 million increase in losses and LAE in our Commercial Auto business unit due largely to $22.8 million of unfavorable prior year net loss reserve development recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $7.5 million of unfavorable prior year net loss reserve development during the same period of 2019, as well as a $21.7 million charge for the loss portfolio transfer reinsurance contract that closed during the third quarter 2020 and higher current accident year net loss trends, (b) a $7.2 million increase in losses and LAE in our E&S Casualty business unit due primarily to increased net premiums earned as well as higher current accident year net loss trends, partially offset by $2.6 million of unfavorable prior year net loss reserve development recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $5.0 million of unfavorable prior year net loss reserve development during the third quarter of 2019, (c) a $13.7 million increase in losses and LAE in our E&S Property business unit due primarily to higher net catastrophe losses of $13.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to  net catastrophe losses of $1.5 million during the same period of 2019 and higher net premiums earned, partially offset by favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $1.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $0.8 million during the same period of 2019, (d) a $15.2 million increase in losses and LAE attributable to our Professional Liability business unit due primarily to increased net premiums earned, higher current accident year net loss trends as well as unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $32 thousand during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $0.8 million during the same period the prior year, and (e) a $3.1 million increase in losses and LAE in our Aerospace & Programs

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business unit due primarily to higher net premiums earned, higher current accident year net loss trends and $0.5 million of unfavorable prior year net loss reserve development during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $0.3 million of unfavorable prior year net loss reserve development during the same period of 2019.  The exit of the contract binding line of the primary automobile business contributed $11.7 million to the Commercial Auto business unit’s prior year loss reserve development during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $6.9 million for the same period the prior year.

Operating expenses increased $4.7 million primarily as the result of higher production related expenses of $3.7 million, increased professional services of $2.2 million and increased other operating expenses of $0.5 million, partially offset by lower salary and related expenses of $1.1 million, due primarily to incentive compensation accrual adjustments reported during the first quarter of 2020, and lower travel and related expenses of $0.6 million.

The Specialty Commercial Segment reported a net loss ratio of 86.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 68.8% for the same period in 2019.  The gross loss ratio before reinsurance was 89.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 68.0% for the same period in 2019.  The increase in the net loss ratio was due in large part to the $21.7 million charge for the loss portfolio transfer reinsurance contract that closed during the third quarter of 2020 that was reported as ceded incurred losses.  The increase in the gross and net loss ratios was also impacted by $24.0 million of unfavorable prior year net loss reserve development for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to unfavorable prior year net loss reserve development of $11.2 million for the same period of 2019.  Catastrophe losses of $16.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to catastrophe losses of $2.1 million during the same period of 2019 also contributed to the increase in the loss ratios.  The Specialty Commercial Segment reported a net expense ratio of 19.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 22.1% for the same period of 2019.  The decrease in the net expense ratio was due largely to the increase in net premiums earned partially offset by the increase in operating expenses.  

Standard Commercial Segment

Gross premiums written for the Standard Commercial Segment were $74.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was $4.0 million, or 6%, more than the $70.9 million reported for the same period in 2019. Net premiums written were $53.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $47.8 million for the same period in 2019.  The increase in the gross and net premiums written was due to higher premium production in our Commercial Accounts business unit.

Total revenue for the Standard Commercial Segment of $52.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was $0.1 million more than the $52.0 million reported for the same period in 2019.  This increase in total revenue was due to higher net premiums earned of $0.7 million, partially offset by lower net investment income of $0.5 million and lower finance charges of $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period of 2019.

Our Standard Commercial Segment reported a pre-tax loss of $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to pre-tax income of $3.6 million reported for the same period of 2019.  This decline in pre-tax results was the result of higher loss and LAE of $3.6 million and higher operating expenses of $0.3 million, partially offset by increased revenue as discussed above. Increased operating expenses were primarily the result of higher salary and related expenses of $0.2 million, higher professional services of $0.2 million and increased other operating expense of $0.1 million, partially offset by lower travel and related expenses of $0.1 million and lower occupancy and related expenses of $0.1 million.

The Standard Commercial Segment reported a net loss ratio of 75.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 69.0% for the same period of 2019.  The gross loss ratio before reinsurance for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was 68.9% as compared to 69.4% reported for the same period of 2019.  The decrease in the gross loss ratio was due primarily to lower gross current accident year loss trends.  The increase in the net loss ratio was due to increased ceded earned premium, unfavorable net loss reserve development of $2.4 million during the nine months ended

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September 30, 2020 as compared to favorable net loss reserve development of $3.5 million during the same period of 2019 and net catastrophe losses of $5.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $1.5 million for the same period of the prior year.  Catastrophe losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included $3.0 million of net losses for COVID-19 claims.  The Standard Commercial Segment reported a net expense ratio of 30.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 30.4% for the same period of 2019.  The increase in the expense ratio was primarily due to higher operating expenses, partially offset by higher net premiums earned in our Commercial Accounts business unit.

Personal Segment

Gross premiums written for the Personal Segment were $68.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $76.8 million for the same period in the prior year.  Net premiums written for our Personal Segment were $58.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was a decrease of $5.4 million from the $64.2 million reported for the same period of 2019.  The decrease in gross and net written premiums was primarily due to lower premium production in our current geographical footprint.

Total revenue for the Personal Segment was $65.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $65.5 million for the same period in 2019.  The decrease in revenue was due to lower finance charges of $0.7 million and lower investment income of $0.5 million, partially offset by higher net premiums earned of $1.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period during 2019.

Pre-tax loss for the Personal Segment was $5.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to pre-tax income of $3.3 million for the same period of 2019.  The pre-tax loss was primarily the result of increased losses and LAE of $7.0 million, increased operating expenses of $1.9 million and the decreased revenue discussed above for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period during 2019.  The increase in operating expenses was due primarily to increased production related expenses of $2.3 million and increased professional services expenses of $0.2 million, partially offset by lower salary and related expenses of $0.5 million and lower travel and related expenses of $0.1 million.

The Personal Segment reported a net loss ratio of 84.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 73.6% for the same period of 2019.  The gross loss ratio before reinsurance was 77.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 77.8% for the same period in 2019.  The lower gross loss ratio for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019 was due primarily to lower current accident year gross loss trends.  The higher net loss ratio for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily the result of $6.9 million net unfavorable prior year loss reserve development during the first nine months of 2020 as compared to net unfavorable prior year loss reserve development of $57 thousand during the first nine months of 2019. The net unfavorable development for the first nine months of 2020 was driven in large part by unfavorable development attributable to more recent treaty years where we retain a greater portion of the claims.  The Personal Segment had catastrophe losses of $0.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $1.1 million during the same period of 2019.  The Personal Segment reported a net expense ratio of 27.0% during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 23.3% for the same period of 2019.  The increase in the expense ratio was due to higher operating expenses, partially offset by higher net premiums earned.

Corporate

Total revenue for Corporate decreased by $47.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period the prior year.  This decrease in total revenue was due predominately to investment losses of $27.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to investment gains of $17.4 million reported for the same period of 2019 and lower net investment income of $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period during 2019.

Corporate pre-tax loss was $90.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to pre-tax income of $2.0 million for the same period of 2019.  The pre-tax loss was primarily due to a $44.7 million impairment

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charge to goodwill and a $1.3 million charge to indefinite-lived intangible assets.  In connection with its normal process for evaluating impairment triggering events, the Company determined that a significant decline in its market capitalization below its stockholders’ equity during the first quarter of 2020 indicated the impairment of the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets included in our balance sheet.  Further contributing to the pre-tax loss was higher interest expense of $0.2 million, as well as the lower revenue discussed above.  The pre-tax loss was partially reduced by lower operating expenses of $0.8 million, primarily as a result of decreased salary and related expenses of $2.7 million, largely due to incentive compensation accrual adjustments, and decreased travel and related expenses of $0.1 million, partially offset by higher professional service expenses of $1.1 million, occupancy and other general expenses of $0.9 million.

Financial Condition and Liquidity

Sources and Uses of Funds

Our sources of funds are from insurance-related operations, financing activities and investing activities. Major sources of funds from operations include premiums collected (net of policy cancellations and premiums ceded), commissions, and processing and service fees. As a holding company, Hallmark is dependent on dividend payments and management fees from its subsidiaries to meet operating expenses and debt obligations. As of September 30, 2020, Hallmark and its non-insurance company subsidiaries had $11.9 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, including $4.5 million held in premium and claim trust accounts. As of that date, our insurance subsidiaries held $174.8 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, as well as $417.6 million in debt securities with an average modified duration of 0.9 years. Accordingly, we do not anticipate selling long-term debt instruments to meet any liquidity needs.

AHIC and TBIC, domiciled in Texas, are limited in the payment of dividends to their stockholders in any 12-month period, without the prior written consent of the Texas Department of Insurance, to the greater of statutory net income for the prior calendar year or 10% of statutory policyholders’ surplus as of the prior year end. Dividends may only be paid from unassigned surplus funds. HIC and HNIC, both domiciled in Arizona, are limited in the payment of dividends to the lesser of 10% of prior year policyholders’ surplus or prior year’s statutory net income, without prior written approval from the Arizona Department of Insurance. HSIC, domiciled in Oklahoma, is limited in the payment of dividends to the greater of 10% of prior year policyholders’ surplus or prior year’s statutory net income, not including realized capital gains, without prior written approval from the Oklahoma Insurance Department. During 2020, the aggregate ordinary dividend capacity of these subsidiaries is $22.6 million, of which $15.8 million is available to Hallmark. As a county mutual, dividends from HCM are payable to policyholders. During the first nine months of 2020 and 2019, our insurance company subsidiaries paid $8.0 million and $12.8 million in dividends to Hallmark, respectively. During the first nine months of 2020 our insurance subsidiaries paid $4.2 million in managements fees to Hallmark.  During the first nine months of 2019 our insurance subsidiaries did not pay management fees to Hallmark.

Comparison of September 30, 2020 to December 31, 2019

On a consolidated basis, our cash (excluding restricted cash) and investments at September 30, 2020 were $627.7 million compared to $729.0 million at December 31, 2019. The primary reasons for this decrease in unrestricted cash and investments were decreases in investment fair values and cash used in operations.

Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our cash flow used by operations was $62.9 million compared to cash flow provided by operations of $22.9 million during the same period the prior year. The cash flow used by operations was driven by an increase in net paid claims, which includes $92.6 million net reinsurance premium paid in connection with the loss portfolio transfer reinsurance agreement closed during the third quarter of 2020,  increased paid operating expenses, lower collected investment income, lower collected commission and fee income and higher interest paid, partially offset by increased collected net premiums and lower taxes paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period the prior year.

Net cash provided by investing activities during the first nine months of 2020 was $212.3 million as compared to net cash used by investing activities of $16.8 million during the first nine months of 2019. The increase in cash provided

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by investing activities during the first nine months of 2020 was primarily comprised of an increase of $202.4 million in maturities, sales and redemptions of investment securities, a decrease of $24.3 million in purchases of debt and equity securities and a $2.4 million decrease in purchases of fixed assets.

The Company did not report any net cash from financing activities during the first nine months of 2020. Cash provided by financing activities during the first nine months of 2019 was $19.2  million primarily as a result of net proceeds from our senior unsecured note offering of $49.0 million and proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options of $1.5 million, partially offset by the $30.0 million repayment of the principal balance on our revolving credit facility and $1.4 million in repurchases of our common stock.

Revolving Credit Facilities

Our Second Restated Credit Agreement with Frost Bank (“Frost”) dated June 30, 2015, as amended, provided a $15.0 million revolving credit facility (“Facility A”), with a $5.0 million letter of credit sub-facility. The outstanding balance of the Facility A bore interest at a rate equal to the prime rate or LIBOR plus 2.5%, at our election. We paid an annual fee of 0.25% of the average daily unused balance of Facility A and letter of credit fees at the rate of 1.00% per annum.  On August 19, 2019, we terminated Facility A.

The Second Restated Credit Agreement with Frost also provided a $30.0 million revolving credit facility (“Facility B”), in addition to Facility A. We used Facility B loan proceeds solely for the purpose of making capital contributions to AHIC and HIC.  We paid a quarterly fee of 0.25% per annum of the average daily unused balance of Facility B.  Facility B bore interest at a rate equal to the prime rate or LIBOR plus 3.00%, at our election.  On August 19, 2019, we repaid the $30.0 million principal balance and accrued interest on Facility B.  Upon such repayment, we terminated Facility B.

Subordinated Debt Securities

 On June 21, 2005, we formed Hallmark Statutory Trust I (“Trust I”), an unconsolidated trust subsidiary, for the sole purpose of issuing $30.0 million in trust preferred securities. Trust I used the proceeds from the sale of these securities and our initial capital contribution to purchase $30.9 million of subordinated debt securities from Hallmark. The debt securities are the sole assets of Trust I, and the payments under the debt securities are the sole revenues of Trust I.  On August 23, 2007, we formed Hallmark Statutory Trust II (“Trust II”), an unconsolidated trust subsidiary, for the sole purpose of issuing $25.0 million in trust preferred securities. Trust II used the proceeds from the sale of these securities and our initial capital contribution to purchase $25.8 million of subordinated debt securities from Hallmark. The debt securities are the sole assets of Trust II, and the payments under the debt securities are the sole revenues of Trust II.

Each trust pays dividends on its preferred securities at the same rate each quarter as interest is paid on the junior subordinated debt securities.  Under the terms of the junior subordinated debt securities, we pay interest only each quarter and the principal of each note at maturity.  The subordinated debt securities of each trust are uncollateralized and do not require maintenance of minimum financial covenants.

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The following table summarizes the nature and terms of the junior subordinated debt and trust preferred securities:

		Trust I		Trust II
Issue date		June 21, 2005		August 23, 2007
Principal amount of trust preferred securities	$	30,000	$	25,000
Principal amount of junior subordinated debt securities	$	30,928	$	25,774
Maturity date of junior subordinated debt securities		June 15, 2035		September 15, 2037
Trust common stock	$	928	$	774
Interest rate, per annum		Three Month LIBOR + 3.25%		Three Month LIBOR + 2.90%
Current interest rate at September 30, 2020		3.50%		3.15%

Senior Unsecured Notes

On August 19, 2019, Hallmark issued $50.0 million of senior unsecured notes (“Notes”) due August 15, 2029.  Interest on the Notes accrues at the rate of 6.25% per annum and is payable semi-annually in arrears commencing February 15, 2020.  The Notes are not obligations of or guaranteed by any of Hallmark’s subsidiaries and are not subject to any sinking fund requirements.  At Hallmark’s option, the Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, prior to the stated maturity subject to certain provisions intended to make the holders of the Notes whole on scheduled interest and principal payments.  The indenture governing the Notes contains certain covenants which, among other things, restrict Hallmark’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, make certain payments, create liens on the stock of certain subsidiaries, dispose of certain assets, or merge or consolidate with other entities. Hallmark is in compliance with all of these covenants.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not required for smaller reporting company.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

The principal executive officer and principal financial officer of Hallmark have evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures and have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, such disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is timely recorded, processed, summarized and reported. The principal executive officer and principal financial officer also concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under such Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. During the most recent fiscal quarter, there have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Risks Associated with Forward-Looking Statements Included in this Form 10-Q

This Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which are intended to be covered by the safe harbors created thereby. These statements include the plans and objectives of management for future operations, including plans and objectives relating to future growth of our business activities and availability of funds. The forward-looking statements included herein are based on current expectations that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions, regulatory framework, weather-related events and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate and, therefore, there can be no

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assurance that the forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-Q will prove to be accurate. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives and plans will be achieved.

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PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.   Legal Proceedings.

On May 5, 2020, a lawsuit styled Schulze v. Hallmark Financial Services, Inc., et. al (Case No. 3:20-cv-01130) was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division.  The Company, its Chief Executive Officer and its former Chief Financial Officer are named defendants in the lawsuit brought on behalf of a putative class of shareholders who acquired Hallmark securities between March 5, 2019 and March 17, 2020. In general, the complaint alleges that the defendants violated the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by failing to disclose that (a) the Company lacked effective internal controls over financial reporting related to its reserves for unpaid losses, (b) the Company improperly accounted for reserves for unpaid losses, (c) the Company would be forced to report $63.8 million of prior year net adverse loss development, (d) the Company would exit the contract binding line of its commercial automobile primary insurance business, and (e) the defendants’ positive statements about the Company’s business, operations and prospects were materially misleading and/or lacked a reasonable basis. An amended complaint was filed on September 30, 2020. Defendants’ responsive pleading is not yet due and has not been filed. The litigation is in its initial stages and we are unable to reasonably predict its potential outcome. The Company, however, believes that the lawsuit is without merit and intends to vigorously defend the claims. The Company’s current policy is to expense legal costs as incurred. Historically, the Company has not carried director and officer liability insurance and does not currently hold such a policy.

We are engaged in various other legal proceedings that are routine in nature and incidental to our business. None of these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, are believed, in our opinion, to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or our results of operations.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors discussed in Item 1A to Part I of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Our stock buyback program initially announced on April 18, 2008, authorized the repurchase of up to 1,000,000 shares of our common stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions (the “Stock Repurchase Plan”). On January 24, 2011, we announced an increased authorization to repurchase up to an additional 3,000,000 shares. The Stock Repurchase Plan does not have an expiration date. We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Item 3.  Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures.

None.

Item 5.  Other Information.

None.

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Item 6.  Exhibits.

The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated herein by reference:

Exhibit Number	Description
3(a)	Restated Articles of Incorporation of the registrant, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 [Registration No. 333-136414] filed September 8, 2006).
3(b)	Amended and Restated By-Laws of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 28, 2017).
10.1	Loss Portfolio Transfer Reinsurance Contract signed July 16, 2020 between American Hallmark Insurance Company of Texas, Hallmark Specialty Insurance Company, Hallmark Insurance Company, Hallmark County Mutual Insurance Company and Hallmark National Insurance Company and DARAG Bermuda Ltd. and DARAG Insurance (Guernsey) Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 17, 2020).
10.2	Services Agreement executed July 31, 2020 by and between American Hallmark Insurance Company of Texas, Hallmark Specialty Insurance Company, Hallmark Insurance Company, Hallmark National Insurance Company and Hallmark County Mutual Insurance Company and DARAG Bermuda Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 4, 2020).
10.3	Trust Agreement dated July 31, 2020 among DARAG Bermuda Ltd. and DARAG Insurance (Guernsey) Limited, as grantors, American Hallmark Insurance Company of Texas, Hallmark Specialty Insurance Company, Hallmark Insurance Company and Hallmark National Insurance Company, as beneficiaries, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 4, 2020).
31(a)	Certification of principal executive officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a).
31(b)	Certification of principal financial officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a).
32(a)	Certification of principal executive officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350.
32(b)	Certification of principal financial officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350.
101 INS+	XBRL Instance Document- the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101 SCH+	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101 CAL+	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101 LAB+	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101 PRE+	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101 DEF+	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 104	Cover Page Interactive Data File - The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

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+ Filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and included in Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Stockholder’s Equity for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and (vi) related notes.

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SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

HALLMARK FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.

(Registrant)

Date: November 5, 2020	/s/ Naveen Anand
	Naveen Anand, Chief Executive Officer and President
Date: November 5, 2020	/s/ Christopher J. Kenney
	Christopher J. Kenney, Chief Accounting Officer and Senior Vice President

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