4. Fair Value

ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure requirements about fair value measurements. ASC 820, among other things, requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. In addition, ASC 820 precludes the use of block discounts when measuring the fair value of instruments traded in an active market, which were previously applied to large holdings of publicly traded equity securities.

We determine the fair value of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy established in ASC 820. In accordance with ASC 820, we utilize the following fair value hierarchy:

Level 1: quoted prices in active markets for identical assets;

Level 2: inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, inputs of identical assets for less active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the instrument; and

Level 3: inputs to the valuation methodology that are unobservable for the asset or liability.

This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available.

Under ASC 820, we determine fair value based on the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. It is our policy to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements, in accordance with the fair value hierarchy described above. Fair value measurements for assets and liabilities where there exists limited or no observable market data are calculated based upon our pricing policy, the economic and competitive environment, the characteristics of the asset or liability and other factors as appropriate. These estimated fair values may not be realized upon actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset or liability.

Where quoted prices are available on active exchanges for identical instruments, investment securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 investment securities include common and preferred stock.

Level 2 investment securities include corporate bonds, collateralized corporate bank loans, municipal bonds, and U.S. Treasury securities for which quoted prices are not available on active exchanges for identical instruments. We use third party pricing services to determine fair values for each Level 2 investment security in all asset classes. Since quoted prices in active markets for identical assets are not available, these prices are determined using observable market information such as quotes from less active markets and/or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, among other things. We have reviewed the processes used by the pricing services and have determined that they result in fair values consistent with the requirements of ASC 820 for Level 2 investment securities. We have not adjusted any prices received from the third party pricing services.

In cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, investment securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 3 investments are valued based on the best available data in order to approximate fair value. This data may be internally developed and consider risk premiums that a market participant would require. Investment securities classified within Level 3 include other less liquid investment securities.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 securities during the periods presented.

The following table presents for each of the fair value hierarchy levels, our assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands):



	As of September 30, 2016
	Quoted Prices in		Other
	Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government	$	-	$	72,072	$	-	$	72,072
Corporate bonds		-		207,701		-		207,701
Collateralized corporate bank loans		-		86,435		-		86,435
Municipal bonds		-		161,258		8,222		169,480
Mortgage-backed		-		65,103		-		65,103
Total debt securities		-		592,569		8,222		600,791

Total equity securities		48,571		-		265		48,836
Total debt and equity securities	$	48,571	$	592,569	$	8,487	$	649,627



	As of December 31, 2015
	Quoted Prices in		Other
	Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government	$	-	$	76,269	$	-	$	76,269
Corporate bonds		-		121,709		-		121,709
Collateralized corporate bank loans		-		81,596		-		81,596
Municipal bonds		-		178,281		14,087		192,368
Mortgage-backed		-		59,383		-		59,383
Total debt securities		-		517,238		14,087		531,325

Total equity securities		47,504		-		-		47,504
Total debt and equity securities	$	47,504	$	517,238	$	14,087	$	578,829

Due to significant unobservable inputs into the valuation model for certain municipal bonds in illiquid markets, as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, and one equity security as of September 30, 2016, we classified these investments as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. We used an income approach in order to derive an estimated fair value of the municipal bonds classified as Level 3, which included inputs such as expected holding period, benchmark swap rate, benchmark discount rate and a discount rate premium for illiquidity. Changes in the unobservable inputs in the fair value measurement of these municipal bonds or equity security could result in a significant change in the fair value measurement.

The following table summarizes the changes in fair value for all financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):


Beginning balance as of January 1, 2016	$	14,087
Sales		-
Settlements		(6,025)
Purchases		-
Issuances		-
Total realized/unrealized gains included in net income		-
Net gains included in other comprehensive income		160
Transfers into Level 3		265
Transfers out of Level 3		-
Ending balance as of September 30, 2016	$	8,487


Beginning balance as of January 1, 2015	$	14,598

Sales		-
Settlements		(370)
Purchases		-
Issuances		-
Total realized/unrealized gains included in net income		-
Net losses included in other comprehensive income		(380)
Transfers into Level 3		-
Transfers out of Level 3		-
Ending balance as of September 30, 2015	$	13,848