-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, UbwTzXLpYf01/wDpeLzqRtiUeJBIjP8G68e9cGiKGiRjz83NdUEnmMFDq1SsTfgP U3hhUPCoUdL8sW7tbvffBQ== 0001193125-09-041018.txt : 20090227 0001193125-09-041018.hdr.sgml : 20090227 20090227162722 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001193125-09-041018 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 20-F PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 16 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20081231 FILED AS OF DATE: 20090227 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20090227 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LTD CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000818686 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834] IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: L3 FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 20-F SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-16174 FILM NUMBER: 09643362 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 5 BAZEL ST STREET 2: P O B 3190 CITY: PETACH TIKVA STATE: L3 ZIP: 49131 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED STREET 2: 5 BAZEL ST PO B 3190 CITY: PETACH TIKVA STATE: L3 ZIP: 49131 20-F 1 d20f.htm FORM 20-F Form 20-F
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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

 

¨ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File number: 0-16174

OR

 

¨ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report:

TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

ISRAEL

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

5 Basel Street

P.O. Box 3190

Petach Tikva 49131, Israel

(Address of principal executive offices)

Eyal Desheh

Chief Financial Officer

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited

5 Basel Street

P.O. Box 3190

Petach Tikva 49131, Israel

Tel: 972-3-926-7267

Fax: 972-3-926-7472

(Name, telephone, e-mail and/or facsimile number and address of Company contact person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

American Depositary Shares, each representing one Ordinary Share   The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.

None

(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

888,723,469 Ordinary Shares

700,227,714 American Depositary Shares

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Note—Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  x                                     Accelerated filer  ¨                                     Non-accelerated filer ¨

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

 

þ US GAAP

 

¨ International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board

 

¨ Other

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

 

¨ Item 17

 

¨ Item 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

 

 

 


Table of Contents

Table of Contents

 

         Page

Introduction and Use of Certain Terms

   1

Forward-Looking Statements

   1

Part I

   2

Item 1:

   2

Item 2:

   2

Item 3:

 

Key Information

   2
 

Selected Financial Data

   2
 

Operating Data

   3
 

Balance Sheet Data

   3
 

Dividends

   4
 

Risk Factors

   5

Item 4:

 

Information on the Company

   14
 

Introduction

   14
 

Strategy

   14
 

Pharmaceutical Products

   15
 

Generic Products

   15
 

Global Branded Products Group

   26
 

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

   32
 

Animal Health

   33
 

Innovative Projects

   33
 

Teva Innovative Ventures

   34
 

Research and Development

   35
 

Competition

   36
 

Regulation

   39
 

Pharmaceutical Production

   45
 

Raw Materials for Pharmaceutical Production

   45
 

Environmental

   45
 

Organizational Structure

   46
 

Properties and Facilities

   46

Item 4A:

 

Unresolved Staff Comments

   48

Item 5:

 

Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

   49
 

Introduction

   49
 

Highlights

   49
 

Results of Operations

   51
 

Pharmaceutical Sales

   52
 

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Sales

   57
 

Other Income Statement Line Items

   57
 

Impact of Currency Fluctuations and Inflation

   62

 

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         Page
 

Critical Accounting Policies

   63
 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

   68
 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

   69
 

Trend Information

   71
 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

   71
 

Aggregate Contractual Obligations

   72

Item 6:

 

Directors, Senior Management and Employees

   73
 

Directors and Senior Management

   73
 

Compensation

   78
 

Board Practices

   79
 

Statutory Independent Directors/Financial Experts

   79
 

Committees of the Board

   80
 

Employees

   82
 

Share Ownership

   83

Item 7:

 

Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

   84

Item 8:

 

Financial Information

   85
 

Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

   85
 

Legal Proceedings

   85
 

Dividend Policy

   85
 

Significant Changes

   85

Item 9:

 

The Offer and Listing

   85
 

ADSs

   85
 

Ordinary Shares

   86

Item 10:

 

Additional Information

   88
 

Memorandum and Articles of Association

   88
 

Israeli Taxation

   93
 

Documents on Display

   96

Item 11:

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

   97
 

General

   97
 

Exchange Rate Risk Management

   97
 

Interest Rate Risk Management

   99

Part II

   101

Item 15:

 

Controls and Procedures

   101

Item 16:

 

[Reserved]

   102

Item 16A:

 

Audit Committee Financial Expert

   102

Item 16B:

 

Code of Ethics

   102

Item 16C:

 

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

   102
 

Policy on Pre-Approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services of Independent Auditors

   102
 

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

   103

Item 16D:

 

Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

   103

Item 16E:

 

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

   103

Item 16F:

 

Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

   103

Item 16G:

 

Corporate Governance

   103

 

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         Page

Part III

   104

Item 17:

 

Financial Statements

   104

Item 18:

 

Financial Statements

   104
 

Consolidated Financial Statements

   104
 

Financial Statement Schedule

   104

Item 19:

 

Exhibits

   104

 

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INTRODUCTION AND USE OF CERTAIN TERMS

Unless otherwise indicated, all references to the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “Teva” refer to Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited and its subsidiaries, including Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. from and after its acquisition on December 23, 2008. References to “U.S. dollars,” “U.S.$” and “$” are to the lawful currency of the United States of America, and references to “NIS” are to New Israeli shekels. Market share data is based on information provided by IMS Health Inc., a leading provider of market research to the pharmaceutical industry (“IMS”).

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report contains forward-looking statements, which express management’s current beliefs or expectations with regard to future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Such statements may include words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe” and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance. In particular, these statements relate to, among other things:

 

   

our business strategy;

 

   

the development and launch of our products, including product approvals;

 

   

projected markets and market size;

 

   

our projected revenues, market share, net income margins and capital expenditures; and

 

   

our liquidity.

The forward-looking statements contained herein involve a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause our future results, performance or achievements to differ significantly from the results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

You should understand that many important factors, in addition to those discussed or incorporated by reference in this report, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Potential factors that could affect our results include, in addition to others not described in this report, those described under “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors.” These are factors that we think could cause our actual results to differ materially from expected results.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements or other information contained in this report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are advised, however, to consult any additional disclosures we make in our reports on Form 6-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Please also see the cautionary discussion of risks and uncertainties under “Item 3: Key Information—Risk Factors” starting on page 5 of this report. This discussion is provided as permitted by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

 

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PART I

 

ITEM 1: NOT APPLICABLE

 

ITEM 2: NOT APPLICABLE

 

ITEM 3: KEY INFORMATION

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The Israeli Securities Law allows Israeli companies, such as Teva, whose securities are listed both on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and on certain stock exchanges in the United States (including NASDAQ), to report exclusively under the rules of the SEC and generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). Except as otherwise indicated, all financial statements and other financial information included in this annual report are presented solely under U.S. GAAP.

The following selected financial data for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2008 and at December 31, 2008 and 2007 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements set forth elsewhere in this report, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The selected financial data for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2005 and at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 are derived from audited financial statements not appearing in this report, which have also been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Our balance sheet at December 31, 2008 reflects the acquisition of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., but our results of operations will include Barr’s results only from and after January 1, 2009.

The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the financial statements, related notes and other financial information included in this report.

The currency of the primary economic environment in which our operations in Israel and the United States are conducted is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of most of our other subsidiaries (principally operating in Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America and Canada) is the respective local currency.

 

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Operating Data

 

     For the year ended December 31,
       2008         2007         2006         2005         2004  
     U.S. dollars in millions (except per share amounts)

Net sales

   11,085     9,408     8,408     5,250     4,799

Cost of sales

   5,117     4,531     4,149     2,770     2,560
                            

Gross profit

   5,968     4,877     4,259     2,480     2,239

Research and development—net

   786     581     495     369     338

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   2,511     1,901     1,572     799     696

Acquisition of in-process research and development

   1,402     —       1,295     —       597

Litigation settlement, impairment and restructuring expenses—net

   124     —       96     —       30
                            

Operating income

   1,145     2,395     801     1,312     578

Financial income (expenses)—net

   (318 )   (42 )   (95 )   (4 )   26
                            

Income before income taxes

   827     2,353     706     1,308     604

Provision for income taxes

   185     397     155     236     267
                            
   642     1,956     551     1,072     337

Share in losses (profits) of associated companies—net

   1     3     3     (2 )   1

Minority interests in profits of subsidiaries—net

   6     1     2     2     4
                            

Net income

   635     1,952     546     1,072     332
                            

Earnings per share(1)—Basic ($)

   0.81     2.54     0.72     1.73     0.54
                            

                           —Diluted ($)

   0.78     2.38     0.69     1.59     0.50
                            

Weighted average number of shares (in millions)—Basic

   780     768     756     618     613
                            

                                                                        —Diluted

   820     830     805     681     688
                            

 

(1) Historical figures have been adjusted to reflect the 2-for-1 stock split effected in June 2004.

Balance Sheet Data

 

     As at December 31,
     2008    2007    2006    2005    2004
     (U.S. dollars in millions)

Working capital

   2,945    4,488    3,569    3,245    1,998

Total assets

   32,904    23,412    20,471    10,387    9,632

Short-term credit, including current maturities:

              

Short-term debt

   2,906    1,841    742    375    560

Long-term debt, net of current maturities:

              

Convertible senior debentures

   1,883    1,433    2,458    1,314    1,513

Senior notes and loans

   3,654    1,914    2,127    459    215

Total long-term debt

   5,537    3,347    4,585    1,773    1,728

Minority interests

   60    36    35    8    11

Shareholders’ equity

   16,300    13,724    11,142    6,042    5,389

 

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Dividends

We have paid dividends on a regular quarterly basis since 1986. Future dividend policy will be reviewed by the Board of Directors based upon conditions then existing, including our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements and other factors. Our ability to pay cash dividends may be restricted by instruments governing its debt obligations. Dividends are declared and paid in NIS. Dividends are converted into U.S. dollars and paid by the depositary of our American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) for the benefit of owners of ADSs, and are subject to exchange rate fluctuations between the NIS and the U.S. dollar between the declaration date and the date of actual payment.

Dividends paid by an Israeli company to shareholders residing outside Israel are generally subject to withholding of Israeli income tax at a rate of up to 20%. Such tax rates apply unless a lower rate is provided in a treaty between Israel and the shareholder’s country of residence. In our case, the applicable withholding tax rate will depend on the particular Israeli production facilities that have generated the earnings that are the source of the specific dividend and, accordingly, the applicable rate may change from time to time. The rate of tax to be withheld on the dividend declared for the fourth quarter of 2008 is 20%.

The following table sets forth the amounts of the dividends paid in respect of each period indicated prior to deductions for applicable Israeli withholding taxes (in cents per share). All figures have been adjusted to reflect the 2-for-1 stock split effected in June 2004.

 

     2008    2007    2006    2005    2004
     In cents per share

1st interim

   13.1    9.9    7.6    6.9    4.9

2nd interim

   12.9    9.2    7.7    6.6    5.0

3rd interim

   11.8    10.0    7.9    6.4    5.1

4th interim

   14.7    12.4    9.4    7.2    6.9

 

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RISK FACTORS

Our business faces significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information set forth in this annual report and in our other filings with the SEC, including the following risk factors which we face and which are faced by our industry. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. This report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our results could materially differ from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, as a result of certain factors including the risks described below and elsewhere in this report and our other SEC filings. See “Forward-Looking Statements” on page 1.

Our success depends on our ability to successfully develop and commercialize additional pharmaceutical products.

Our financial results depend, to a significant degree, upon our ability to successfully commercialize additional generic and innovative pharmaceutical products as well as active pharmaceutical ingredients. We must develop, test and manufacture generic products as well as prove that our generic products are the bioequivalent of their branded counterparts. All of our products must meet and continue to comply with regulatory and safety standards and receive regulatory approvals; we may be forced to withdraw a product from the market if health or safety concerns arise with respect to such product. The development and commercialization process, particularly with respect to innovative products, is both time-consuming and costly and involves a high degree of business risk. Our products currently under development, if and when fully developed and tested, may not perform as we expect, necessary regulatory approvals may not be obtained in a timely manner, if at all, and we may not be able to successfully and profitably produce and market such products. Delays in any part of the process or our inability to obtain regulatory approval of our products could adversely affect our operating results by restricting or delaying our introduction of new products. Our ability to introduce and benefit from new products may depend upon our success in challenging patent rights held by branded companies or otherwise developing non-infringing products. The continuous introduction of new pharmaceutical products as well as active pharmaceutical ingredients is critical to our business.

Our revenues and profits from generic pharmaceutical products generally decline as competitors introduce their own generic equivalents.

Net selling prices of generic drugs typically decline, frequently dramatically, especially as additional companies receive approvals and enter the market for a given product and competition intensifies. In particular, we face increasing competition from brand-name companies in addition to local and foreign generic companies. Our ability to sustain our sales and profitability on any product over time is dependent on both the number of new companies selling such product and the timing of approvals of those products. Our overall profitability depends on, among other things, our ability to continuously introduce new products in a timely manner.

Our revenues and profits are closely tied to our success in obtaining U.S. market exclusivity for generic versions of significant products.

To the extent that we succeed in being the first to market a generic version of a significant product, and particularly if we obtain the 180-day period of market exclusivity for the U.S. market provided under the Hatch-Waxman Act, our sales, profits and profitability can be substantially increased in the period following the introduction of such product and prior to a competitor’s introduction of an equivalent product. For example, our 2008 operating results included major contributions from products sold with U.S. market exclusivity, such as lamotrigine, pantoprazole, bupropion 150mg, risperidone, budesonide and famciclovir. Our ability to achieve sales growth and profitability is dependent on our success in challenging patents and/or developing non-infringing products and launching products with U.S. market exclusivity. In addition, the flow of potential new generic products with exclusivity and the size of the product opportunities vary significantly from year to year, or even from quarter to quarter. Failure to continue to obtain such market exclusivities could have a material adverse effect on our sales and profitability.

 

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We have sold and may elect to sell in the future generic products prior to the final resolution of outstanding patent litigation, and as a result, we could be subject to liability for damages.

At times, we or our partners seek approval to market generic products before the expiration of patents relating to those products, based upon our belief that such patents are invalid or otherwise unenforceable, or would not be infringed by our products. As a result, we are involved in patent litigation, the outcome of which, in certain cases, could materially adversely affect our business. Based upon a complex analysis of a variety of legal and commercial factors, we may elect to sell a generic product even though litigation is still pending—whether before any court decision is rendered or while an appeal of a lower court decision is pending. For example, we launched, and continue to sell, generic versions of Neurontin® (gabapentin), Lotrel® (amlodipine benazepril) and Protonix® (pantoprazole), despite the fact that litigation with the companies that sell the branded products is still pending.

If we sell certain products prior to a final court decision, and such decision is adverse to us, we could be required to cease selling the infringing products, causing us to lose future sales revenue from such products and to face substantial liability for patent infringement, in the form of either payment for the innovator’s lost profits or a royalty on our sales of the infringing products. These damages may be significant, and could materially adversely affect our business. In the event of a finding of willful infringement, the damages may be up to three times the profits lost by the patent owner and not based on the profits we earned. Because of the discount pricing typically involved with generic pharmaceutical products, patented brand products generally realize a significantly higher profit margin than generic pharmaceutical products.

Although we currently have insurance coverage for certain of the specified types of damage described above, certain claims may be subject to our deductible, involve a co-insurance participation, exceed our policy limits or relate to damages that are not covered by our policy. In addition, there is a very limited market for such insurance coverage, and consequently it may be difficult to continue maintaining such coverage.

Current economic conditions may adversely affect our industry, business and results of operations.

The global economy is currently undergoing a period of substantial contraction, and the future economic environment is likely to be less favorable than that of recent years. This has led to reduced consumer and governmental spending, which may include reduced spending on healthcare and drive us and our competitors to decrease prices. While generic drugs present an alternative to higher-priced branded products, our sales could nevertheless be negatively impacted if patients forego obtaining healthcare and purchasing pharmaceutical products.

Our revenues and profits from generic pharmaceutical products may decline as a result of intense competition from brand-name companies that are under increased pressure to counter the introduction of generic products.

Our generic pharmaceutical products face intense competition from brand-name companies that have taken aggressive steps to thwart competition from generic companies. In particular, brand-name companies continue to sell or license their products directly or through licensing arrangements or strategic alliances with other generic pharmaceutical companies (so-called “authorized generics”). No significant regulatory approvals are required for a brand-name company to sell directly or through a third party to the generic market, and brand-name companies do not face any other significant barriers to entry into such market. In addition, such companies seek to delay generic introductions and to decrease the impact of generic competition by using tactics that include:

 

   

obtaining new patents on drugs whose original patent protection is about to expire;

 

   

filing patent applications that are more complex and costly to challenge;

 

   

filing suits for patent infringement that automatically delay approval of generic versions by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”);

 

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filing citizens’ petitions with the FDA contesting approval of the generic versions of products due to alleged health and safety issues;

 

   

developing controlled-release or other “next-generation” products, which often reduce demand for the generic version of the existing product for which we are seeking approval;

 

   

changing product claims and product labeling;

 

   

developing and marketing as over-the-counter products those branded products which are about to face generic competition; and

 

   

making arrangements with managed care companies and insurers to reduce the economic incentives to purchase generic pharmaceuticals.

These strategies may increase the costs and risks associated with our efforts to introduce generic products and may delay or prevent such introduction altogether.

Our sales of innovative products, especially Copaxone®, could be adversely affected by competition.

Our innovative products face or may face intense competition from competitors’ products, which may adversely affect our sales and profitability. Copaxone® is our leading innovative product, from which we derive substantial revenues and profits. To date, we and our marketing partners have been successful in our efforts to establish Copaxone® as the leading therapy for multiple sclerosis and have increased our global market share among the currently available major therapies for multiple sclerosis. However, Copaxone® faces intense competition from existing products, such as Avonex®, Betaseron®, Rebif® and Tysabri®. We may also face competition from additional products in development, including orally administered formulations of cladribine and fingolimod, which are currently in Phase III development. In addition, the exclusivity protections afforded us in the United States through orphan drug status for Copaxone® expired on December 20, 2003. If our patents on Copaxone® are successfully challenged, we may also face generic competition for this product. In July 2008, Sandoz Inc., the U.S. generic drug division of Novartis AG, in conjunction with Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., filed an Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”) with the FDA for a generic version of Copaxone® seeking approval prior to the expiration of our patents, as described below.

The success of our innovative products depends on the effectiveness of our patents, confidentiality agreements and other measures to protect our intellectual property rights.

The success of our innovative products depends, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and to defend our intellectual property rights. If we fail to protect our intellectual property adequately, competitors may manufacture and market products identical or similar to ours. We have been issued numerous patents covering our innovative products, and have filed, and expect to continue to file, patent applications seeking to protect newly developed technologies and products in various countries, including the United States. Any existing or future patents issued to or licensed by us may not provide us with any competitive advantages for our products or may be challenged or circumvented by competitors. In addition, such patent rights may not prevent our competitors from developing, using or commercializing products that are similar or functionally equivalent to our products, especially Copaxone®, our leading innovative product. In July 2008, Sandoz Inc., the U.S. generic drug division of Novartis AG, in conjunction with Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., filed an ANDA with the FDA for a generic version of Copaxone® seeking approval prior to the expiration of our patents. In August 2008, we filed a complaint against Sandoz/Momenta, which triggered a stay of any FDA approval of the ANDA until the earlier of January 2011 or a district court decision (if any) in favor of the ANDA filer.

We also rely on trade secrets, unpatented proprietary know-how, trademarks, data exclusivity and continuing technological innovation that we seek to protect, in part by confidentiality agreements with licensees, suppliers, employees and consultants. If these agreements are breached, it is possible that we will not have

 

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adequate remedies. Disputes may arise concerning the ownership of intellectual property or the applicability of confidentiality agreements. Furthermore, our trade secrets and proprietary technology may otherwise become known or be independently developed by our competitors or we may not be able to maintain the confidentiality of information relating to such products.

Sales of our products may be adversely affected by the continuing consolidation of our U.S. distribution network, other pricing factors, financial constraints of pharmaceutical distributors and the concentration of our customer base.

A significant proportion of our sales are made to relatively few U.S. retail drug chains, wholesalers, managed care purchasing organizations, mail order distributors and hospitals. These customers, which represent an essential part of the distribution chain of pharmaceutical products, are continuing to undergo significant consolidation. This consolidation has provided and may continue to provide our customers with additional purchasing leverage, and consequently may increase the pricing pressures that we face. Additionally, the emergence of large buying groups representing independent retail pharmacies and the prevalence and influence of managed care organizations and similar institutions enable those groups to extract price discounts on our products.

Our net sales and quarterly growth comparisons may be affected by fluctuations in the buying patterns of retail chains, major distributors and other trade buyers. These fluctuations may result from seasonality, pricing, wholesaler buying decisions or other factors. In addition, many of the major pharmaceutical distributors have experienced downturns and financial constraints, which may impact both our sales and the collectibility of our receivables and result in even greater consolidation among our customers. These developments may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in the regulatory environment may prevent us from utilizing the exclusivity periods that are important to the success of our generic products.

The Medicare Prescription Drug Act provides that the 180-day market exclusivity period provided under the Hatch-Waxman Act is only triggered by commercial marketing of the product. However, the Medicare Act also contains forfeiture provisions which would deprive the first “Paragraph IV” filer of exclusivity if certain conditions are met. Accordingly, we may face the risk of forfeiture and therefore may not be able to exploit a given exclusivity period for specific products.

Research and development efforts invested in our innovative pipeline may not achieve expected results.

We invest increasingly greater resources to develop our innovative pipeline, both through our own efforts and through collaborations with third parties, which results in higher risks.

The time from discovery to a possible commercial launch of an innovative product is substantial and involves multiple stages during which the product may be abandoned as a result of such factors as serious developmental problems, the inability to achieve our clinical goals, the inability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals in a timely manner, if at all, and the inability to produce and market such innovative products successfully and profitably. In addition, we face the risk that some of the third parties we collaborate with may fail to perform their obligations. Accordingly, our investment in research and development of innovative products can involve significant costs with no assurances of future revenues or profits.

We are subject to government regulation that increases our costs and could prevent us from marketing or selling our products.

We are subject to extensive pharmaceutical industry regulations in countries where we operate. We cannot predict the extent to which we may be affected by legislative and other regulatory developments concerning our products.

 

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We are dependent on obtaining timely approvals before marketing most of our products. In the United States, any manufacturer failing to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory agency requirements may be unable to obtain approvals for the introduction of new products and, even after approval, initial product shipments may be delayed. The FDA also has the authority to revoke drug approvals previously granted and remove from the market previously approved drug products containing ingredients no longer approved by the FDA. Our major facilities, both within and outside the United States, and our products are periodically inspected by the FDA, which has extensive enforcement powers over the activities of pharmaceutical manufacturers, including the power to seize, force to recall and prohibit the sale or import of non-complying products, and to halt operations of and criminally prosecute non-complying manufacturers. In addition, we are subject in the U.S. to other regulations, including those related to quotas for controlled substances, which may from time to time limit our ability to meet demand for products containing such substances.

In the European Union (“EU”) and Israel, the manufacture and sale of pharmaceutical products is regulated in a manner substantially similar to that in the United States. Legal requirements generally prohibit the handling, manufacture, marketing and importation of any pharmaceutical product unless it is properly registered in accordance with applicable law. The registration file relating to any particular product must contain medical data related to product efficacy and safety, including results of clinical testing and references to medical publications, as well as detailed information regarding production methods and quality control. Health ministries are authorized to cancel the registration of a product if it is found to be harmful or ineffective or manufactured and marketed other than in accordance with registration conditions.

Data exclusivity provisions exist in many countries where we operate, although their application is not uniform. In general, these exclusivity provisions prevent the approval by, and/or submission of generic drug applications to, the health authorities for a fixed period of time following the first approval of a novel brand-name product in that country or other recognized countries. As these exclusivity provisions operate independently of patent exclusivity, they may prevent the approval and/or submission of generic drug applications for some products even after patent protection has expired.

We are subject to legislation in Israel, primarily relating to patents and data exclusivity provisions. Modifications of this legislation or court decisions regarding this legislation may adversely affect us and may prevent us from exporting Israeli-manufactured products in a timely fashion. Additionally, the existence of third-party patents in Israel, with the attendant risk of litigation, may cause us to move production outside of Israel or otherwise adversely affect our ability to export certain products from Israel. Exports from Europe may similarly be affected by legislation relating to patents and data exclusivity provisions and also by the risk of patent litigation.

Regulations to permit the sale of biotechnology-based products as bioequivalent or biosimilar drugs, primarily in the U.S., may be delayed, or may otherwise jeopardize our investment in such products.

We have made, and expect to continue to make, significant investments in our ability to develop and produce biotechnology-based products. Although some of these products may be sold as innovative products, one of our key strategic goals in making these investments is to position Teva at the forefront of the development of bioequivalent or biosimilar generic versions of currently marketed biotechnology products. To date, in many markets, most notably the U.S., there does not yet exist a legislative or regulatory pathway for the registration and approval of such “biogeneric” products. Significant delays in the development of such pathways, or significant impediments that may be built into such pathways, could diminish the value of the investments that we have made, and will continue to make, in our biotechnology capabilities.

Reforms in the healthcare industry and the uncertainty associated with pharmaceutical pricing, reimbursement and related matters could adversely affect the marketing, pricing and demand for our products.

Increasing expenditures for healthcare have been the subject of considerable public attention almost everywhere we conduct business. Both private and governmental entities are seeking ways to reduce or contain

 

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healthcare costs. In many countries where we currently operate, pharmaceutical prices are subject to regulation. In the United States, numerous proposals that would effect changes in the U.S. healthcare system have been introduced in Congress (as well as in some state legislatures), including expanded Medicare coverage for drugs, which became effective in January 2006. Similar measures are being taken or introduced throughout Western Europe, Israel, Russia and certain countries in Central and Eastern Europe. These changes may cause delays in market entry or adversely affect pricing and profitability. We cannot predict which measures may be adopted or their impact on the marketing, pricing and demand for our products.

In the United States, the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 mandated a new regulation, which became effective in part on October 1, 2007, establishing the method by which pharmaceutical manufacturers, including us, must calculate “average manufacturer price.” The Act strongly encouraged state Medicaid programs to utilize this average manufacturer price in the future as the benchmark for prescription drug reimbursement in place of the previous, widely used benchmark of average wholesale price. The Act also changed the method used to determine the federal upper limit on payment for generic drugs. Payments to pharmacies for Medicaid-covered outpatient prescription drugs are set by the states. Federal reimbursements to states for the federal share of those payments are subject to this federal ceiling, which, effective January 1, 2007, was 250% of the average manufacturer price for generic drugs. This price limit may have the effect of reducing the reimbursement rates for certain medications that we currently sell. We are reviewing the potential impact of these provisions on our business and profitability and have not yet been able to draw conclusions, because the implementation of certain provisions of the final regulations promulgated under the Act has been stayed by litigation. We do not know how long the court-ordered stay will remain in effect or what the final outcome will be. In addition, we and other pharmaceutical companies are involved in numerous lawsuits brought by state attorneys general and other plaintiffs relating to drug price reporting and reimbursements under Medicare, Medicaid and other programs. These cases seek money damages, civil penalties, treble damages and other forms of relief, and adverse outcomes in such cases could materially adversely affect our financial condition.

A number of markets in which we operate (including, most recently, the Netherlands and Germany) have implemented “tender systems” for generic pharmaceuticals in an effort to lower prices. Under such tender systems, manufacturers submit bids which establish prices for generic pharmaceutical products. The measure is likely to impact marketing practice and reimbursement of drugs and may increase pressure on competition and reimbursement margins. Certain other countries may consider the implementation of a tender system. Failing to win tenders, or the implementation of similar systems in other markets leading to further price declines, could have a material adverse affect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

The manufacture of our products is highly complex, and sometimes single-sourced, and a supply interruption or delay could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

The products we market, distribute and sell are either manufactured at our own manufacturing facilities or, in certain cases, through supply agreements with third parties. Many of our products are the result of complex manufacturing processes, and are sometimes dependent on highly specialized raw materials. In addition, for certain of our products, and certain key raw materials, we have only a single source of supply. As a result, we can provide no assurances that supply sources will not be interrupted from time to time. For these same reasons, the volume of production of any product cannot be rapidly altered. As a result, if we fail to accurately predict market demand for any of our products, we may not be able to produce enough of the product to meet that demand, which could affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We may not be able to consummate and integrate future acquisitions.

In the past, we have grown, in part, through a number of significant acquisitions, including our recent acquisition of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and our acquisitions of Ivax Corporation in January 2006 and Sicor Inc. in January 2004. We continue to be engaged in various stages of evaluating or pursuing potential acquisitions and may in the future acquire other pharmaceutical and active pharmaceutical ingredients businesses and seek to integrate them into our own operations.

 

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Future acquisitions involve known and unknown risks that could adversely affect our future revenues and operating results. For example:

 

   

We may fail to identify acquisitions that enable us to execute our business strategy.

 

   

We compete with others to acquire companies. We believe that this competition has intensified and may result in decreased availability of, or increased prices for, suitable acquisition candidates.

 

   

We may not be able to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals, including those of competition authorities, in countries where we are seeking to consummate acquisitions.

 

   

We may ultimately fail to consummate an acquisition even if we announce that we plan to acquire a company.

 

   

Potential acquisitions may divert management’s attention away from our primary product offerings, resulting in the loss of key customers and/or personnel and exposing us to unanticipated liabilities.

 

   

We may fail to integrate acquisitions successfully in accordance with our business strategy or achieve expected synergies, including in connection with our recent acquisition of Barr.

 

   

We may not be able to retain the skilled employees and experienced management that may be necessary to operate the businesses we acquire and, if we cannot retain such personnel, we may not be able to attract new skilled employees and experienced management to replace them.

 

   

We may purchase a company that has contingent liabilities that include, among others, known or unknown patent infringement or product liability claims.

We may be susceptible to product liability claims that are not covered by insurance.

Our business inherently exposes us to claims relating to the use of our products. We sell, and will continue to sell, pharmaceutical products for which product liability insurance coverage is not available to us, and, accordingly, we may be subject to claims that are not covered by insurance. Additional products for which we currently have coverage may be excluded in the future. In addition, certain claims may be subject to our deductible, exceed our policy limits or relate to damages that are not covered by our policy. Because of the nature of these claims, we are generally not permitted under U.S. GAAP to establish reserves in our accounts for such contingencies. In addition, product liability coverage for pharmaceutical companies is becoming more expensive and increasingly difficult to obtain and, as a result, we may not be able to obtain the type and amount of coverage we desire or to maintain our current coverage.

Because we have substantial international operations, our sales and, to a lesser extent, our profits may be adversely affected by currency fluctuations and restrictions as well as credit risks.

Over 40% of our revenues is from sales outside of the United States. As a result, we are subject to significant foreign currency risk, including foreign currency payment restrictions in certain countries. An increasing amount of our sales, particularly in Latin America and Central and Eastern European countries, is recorded in local currencies, which exposes us to the direct risk of local currency devaluations or fluctuations. We may also be exposed to credit risks in some of these less developed markets.

In particular, although the majority of our net sales and operating costs were denominated in, or linked to, the U.S. dollar, which is our functional currency, due to the geographic diversity of our operations, in 2008, we recorded sales and expenses in over 30 currencies in addition to the U.S. dollar. Approximately half of our operating costs in 2008 were incurred in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, particularly in euros, NIS, Hungarian forints, Canadian dollars and pounds sterling. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates between the currencies in which such costs are incurred and the U.S. dollar may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, the value of balance sheet items denominated in foreign currencies and our financial condition.

 

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We use derivative financial instruments to further reduce our net exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations in the major foreign currencies in which we operate. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively limit all of our exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations, which could affect our financial results.

The imposition of exchange or price controls or other restrictions on the conversion of foreign currencies could also have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have significant operations in countries that may be adversely affected by acts of terrorism, political or economical instability or major hostilities.

We are a global pharmaceutical company with worldwide operations. Over 80% of our sales are in North America and Western Europe. However, we expect to derive an increasing portion of our sales and future growth from other regions such as Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe, which may be more susceptible to political or economic instability.

Significant portions of our operations are conducted outside the markets in which our products are sold, and accordingly we often import a substantial number of products into such markets. We may, therefore, be denied access to our customers or suppliers or denied the ability to ship products from any of our sites as a result of a closing of the borders of the countries in which we sell our products, or in which our operations are located, due to economic, legislative, political and military conditions, including hostilities and acts of terror, in such countries.

Our executive offices and a substantial percentage of our manufacturing capabilities are located in Israel. Our Israeli operations are dependent upon materials imported from outside Israel. We also export significant amounts of products from Israel. Accordingly, our operations could be materially and adversely affected by acts of terrorism or if major hostilities were to occur in the Middle East or trade between Israel and its present trading partners were curtailed, including as a result of acts of terrorism in the United States or elsewhere.

Patent litigation settlement agreements, which are important to our business, are facing increased government antitrust scrutiny.

We are involved in numerous patent litigations in which we challenge the validity or enforceability of innovator companies’ listed patents and/or their applicability to our products, and therefore settling patent litigations has been and is likely to continue to be an important part of our business. Parties to such settlement agreements in the U.S., including us, are required by law to file them with the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) and the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) for review. The FTC has publicly stated that, in its view, some of these settlement agreements violate the antitrust laws and has brought actions against some brand and generic companies that have entered into such agreements. Accordingly, we may receive formal or informal requests from the FTC for information about a particular settlement agreement, and there is a risk that the FTC may commence an action against us alleging violation of the antitrust laws. In addition, some members of Congress are trying to pass legislation that would limit the types of settlement agreements generic manufacturers can enter into with brand companies.

Termination or expiration of governmental programs or tax benefits could adversely affect our overall effective tax rate.

Our tax expenses and the resulting effective tax rate reflected in our financial statements are likely to increase over time as a result of changes in corporate income tax rates, other changes in the tax laws of the various countries in which we operate, changes in the mix of countries where we generate profit or inclusion of the Barr operations following its acquisition by Teva. We have benefited or currently benefit from a variety of government programs and tax benefits that generally carry conditions that we must meet in order to be eligible to obtain such benefits.

 

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If we fail to meet the conditions upon which certain favorable tax treatment is based, we would not be able to claim future tax benefits and could be required to refund tax benefits already received. Additionally, some of these programs and the related tax benefits are available to us for a limited number of years, and these benefits expire from time to time.

Any of the following could have a material effect on our overall effective tax rate:

 

   

some government programs may be discontinued,

 

   

we may be unable to meet the requirements for continuing to qualify for some programs,

 

   

these programs and tax benefits may be unavailable at their current levels,

 

   

upon expiration of a particular benefit, we may not be eligible to participate in a new program or qualify for a new tax benefit that would offset the loss of the expiring tax benefit, or

 

   

we may be required to refund previously recognized tax benefits if we are found to be in violation of the stipulated conditions.

An increasing amount of intangible assets and goodwill on our books may lead to significant impairment charges in the future.

We regularly review our long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets and goodwill, for impairment. Goodwill, trade names and acquired product and marketing rights are subject to impairment review at least annually. Other long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when there is an indication that an impairment may have occurred. The amount of goodwill and other intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheet has increased significantly in recent years, primarily as a result of our recent acquisitions. Impairment testing under U.S. GAAP may lead to further impairment charges in the future. Any significant impairment charges could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations worldwide could adversely impact our business and results of operations.

We are subject to laws and regulations concerning the environment, safety matters, regulation of chemicals and product safety in the countries where we manufacture and sell our products or otherwise operate our business. These requirements include regulation of the handling, manufacture, transportation, use and disposal of materials, including the discharge of pollutants into the environment. In the normal course of our business, we are exposed to risks relating to possible releases of hazardous substances into the environment, which could cause environmental or property damage or personal injuries, and which could require remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. Under certain laws, we may be required to remediate contamination at certain of our properties, regardless of whether the contamination was caused by us or by previous occupants of the property.

In recent years, the operations of all companies have become subject to increasingly stringent legislation and regulation related to occupational safety and health, product registration and environmental protection. Such legislation and regulations are complex and constantly changing, and we cannot assure you that future changes in laws or regulations would not require us to install additional controls for certain of our emission sources, to undertake changes in our manufacturing processes or to remediate soil or groundwater contamination at facilities where such clean-up is not currently required.

 

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ITEM 4: INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

Introduction

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited is a global pharmaceutical company that develops, produces and markets generic drugs covering all major treatment categories. We are the leading generic drug company in the world, as well as in the United States, in terms of both total and new prescriptions. We also have a significant and growing branded pharmaceutical business, including Copaxone® for multiple sclerosis and Azilect® for Parkinson’s disease, respiratory products and, following our acquisition of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., women’s health products. Our active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) business provides significant vertical integration to our own pharmaceutical production and sells to third party manufacturers.

Our global operations are conducted in North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia and Israel. Following the acquisition of Barr, we have direct operations in more than 60 countries, as well as 38 finished dosage pharmaceutical manufacturing sites in 17 countries, 20 generic R&D centers operating mostly within certain manufacturing sites and 20 API manufacturing sites around the world. In 2008, we generated approximately 60% of our sales in North America (which for the purpose of this report includes the United States and Canada only), approximately 25% in Europe (which for the purpose of this report includes all European Union (“EU”) member states and other Western European countries) and approximately 15% in other regions (primarily Latin America, including Mexico, Israel and Central and Eastern European countries that are not members of the EU). For a breakdown of our sales by business segment and by geographic market for the past three years, see “Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Results of Operations—Sales—General.”

Teva was incorporated in Israel on February 13, 1944, and is the successor to a number of Israeli corporations, the oldest of which was established in 1901. Our executive offices are located at 5 Basel Street, P.O. Box 3190, Petach Tikva 49131 Israel, telephone number 972-3-926-7267. Our website is www.tevapharm.com.

Barr Acquisition. On December 23, 2008, we completed the acquisition of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a U.S.-based multinational generic pharmaceutical company with operations mainly in the United States and Europe, for approximately $4.6 billion in cash and 69 million ADSs. Barr’s net debt as of the acquisition date was approximately $1.5 billion. For accounting purposes, the transaction was valued at $7.5 billion, based on the average value of the ADSs during the five trading day period commencing two trading days before the date of the merger agreement.

The acquisition of Barr enhances our leadership position in the United States and expands our international presence, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe. The acquisition also provides us with growth opportunities in first-to-file generic positions in our core U.S. business and new capabilities in women’s healthcare, including a strong proprietary product portfolio. In addition, the combined company is expected to have greater resources and expertise in biogenerics.

Strategy

In 2008, we continued to pursue our goal of doubling the size of our 2007 business, by generating revenues of $20 billion and reaching net income margins of more than 20% by 2012. Our growth strategy includes the following elements:

 

   

Increasing Our Market Share: Growing our market share in key markets, including the world’s largest market for generic pharmaceuticals, the U.S., and securing or enhancing our market positions in Europe, Latin America and other important international markets;

 

   

Accelerating Investment in Our Product Portfolio: Increasing generic R&D capabilities and production capacity with a focus on capturing more first-to-market opportunities in key markets, including Paragraph IV filings in the U.S.;

 

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Redefining Customer Service: Rapidly responding to customers’ most significant needs by, among other things, broadening our product portfolio and executing more new product launches, optimizing a truly global supply chain, helping customers more efficiently manage their inventory and customizing shipping methods based on specific customer needs;

 

   

Biopharmaceuticals: Continuing to invest, either directly or in partnership with others, in the technologies, infrastructure and capabilities necessary to develop and produce affordable biopharmaceuticals, including biogenerics, leveraging our formulation and manufacturing expertise;

 

   

Proprietary Pharmaceuticals: Focusing on niche therapeutic areas, including products with differentiated clinical attributes that will provide added economic value for patients and health insurers;

 

   

Vertical integration: Extending our already significant vertical integration to our own pharmaceutical production to provide us with early access to high quality active pharmaceutical ingredients and improve our profitability, in addition to further enhancing our R&D capabilities; and

 

   

Pursuing potential acquisitions: Continuing to actively seek and evaluate potential acquisitions, collaborations and other business combinations that may complement or enhance our business.

Our strategy is by its nature dynamic, reflecting our management’s flexibility and ability to react to changing market conditions. Accordingly, we are in the process of adapting our strategy particularly in light of the expanded resources arising from the integration of Barr’s operations into our existing capabilities.

Pharmaceutical Products

Generic Products

Generic pharmaceuticals are the chemical and therapeutic equivalents of brand-name drugs and are typically sold under their chemical names at prices substantially below those of the brand-name pharmaceuticals. Generics are required to meet similar governmental regulations as their brand-name equivalents and must receive regulatory approval prior to their sale in any given country. Generic pharmaceuticals may be manufactured and marketed only if relevant patents on their brand-name equivalents (and any additional government-mandated market exclusivity periods) have expired or have been challenged and invalidated or otherwise legally circumvented.

Sales of generic pharmaceuticals are benefiting from increasing awareness and acceptance on the part of healthcare insurers and institutions, consumers, physicians and pharmacists globally. Factors contributing to this increased awareness are the passage of legislation permitting or encouraging substitution and the publication by regulatory authorities of lists of equivalent pharmaceuticals, which provide physicians and pharmacists with generic alternatives. In addition, various government agencies and many private managed care or insurance programs encourage the substitution of generics for brand-name pharmaceuticals as a cost-savings measure in the purchase of, or reimbursement for, prescription pharmaceuticals. We believe that these factors, together with an aging population and a corresponding increase in healthcare costs, as well as the large number of branded products losing patent protection over the coming years, should lead to continued expansion of the generic pharmaceuticals market.

Through coordinated global research and development activities, we constantly seek to expand our range of generic products. Our generic product development strategy is two-fold: to introduce our generic products upon the patent expiration date of the equivalent brand-name pharmaceutical and to achieve market introduction at the earliest possible date, which may involve attempting to invalidate or otherwise legally circumvent existing patents. We actively review pharmaceutical patents and seek opportunities to challenge those patents that we believe are either invalid or would not be infringed by a generic version. In furtherance of this strategy, we also seek to enter into alliances to acquire rights to products we do not have or to otherwise share development costs or litigation risks, or to resolve patent barriers to entry.

 

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We believe that the global infrastructure we have built up for our generic business provides us with many advantages over our competitors, including the following:

 

   

global research and development facilities that enable us to have the broadest product line and the most extensive generic pipeline in the U.S., as well as a leading global generic pipeline;

 

   

finished-dose manufacturing facilities approved by the FDA and other regulatory authorities and located in countries around the world, which offer a broad array of production technologies and the ability to concentrate production to achieve economies of scale, thereby enabling us to achieve attractive profit margins in a highly competitive environment without compromising our commitment to excellence and product quality;

 

   

an API business that offers a stable, high-quality supply of key active ingredients, as well as vertical integration efficiencies; and

 

   

high-volume, technologically advanced distribution facilities that allow us to deliver new products to our customers quickly and efficiently, providing a cost-effective, safe and reliable supply.

These capabilities provide us the means to respond, on a global scale, to a wide range of requirements (both therapeutic and commercial) of patients, customers and healthcare providers.

We manufacture and sell generic pharmaceutical products in a variety of dosage forms, including tablets, capsules, ointments, creams, liquids, injectables and inhalants.

In 2008, we also continued to focus on sales of generic injectable products to hospitals and institutional channels, mostly in the U.S. and Europe, but also in Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe. Our competencies in the development and manufacturing of sterile products and our efficient global supply chain permit us to offer a wide range of oncology products, with different therapeutic mechanisms, in both parenteral and solid dosage forms.

Below is a summary of our North American, European and International generic operations:

North America

United States. Our principal U.S. subsidiary, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., is the leading generic drug company in the U.S. We market over 320 generic products in more than 1,000 dosage strengths and packaging sizes. We also have the capability to formulate, fill, label and package finished dosage forms of injectable pharmaceutical products. We believe that the breadth of our product offerings has been and will continue to be of strategic significance as the generics industry grows and as consolidation continues among purchasers, including large drugstore chains, wholesaling organizations, buying groups and managed care providers.

In 2008, we maintained our position as the U.S. generic market leader in total prescriptions and new prescriptions, with total prescriptions (not including Barr) increasing from approximately 438 million in 2007 to approximately 475 million in 2008, representing 19% of total U.S. generic prescriptions. We expect that our U.S. market leadership will continue to increase as a result of our ability to introduce new generic equivalents for brand-name products on a timely basis, regulatory compliance and high-volume cost-effective production, increased capacity, emphasis on customer service and the breadth of our product line.

Several factors have affected the U.S. generics industry in recent years, including consolidation at all levels, the introduction of a Medicare prescription drug program, and the efforts of brand companies to fight generic competition. Industry consolidation, which has taken place among pharmacy chains, wholesalers, benefit managers and generic producers themselves, has generally resulted in fewer, but larger, players throughout the supply chain, from manufacturers to middlemen to customers.

 

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Barr Acquisition. Barr manufactures and markets in the U.S. approximately 115 generic drugs in an aggregate of approximately 230 dosage strengths and forms. We expect that our share of total pharmaceutical prescriptions, which was already the highest of any pharmaceutical company in the U.S., branded or generic, will be enhanced by the acquisition of Barr, whose share in 2008 of the U.S. generic pharmaceutical prescriptions was 5%.

Products. In 2008, we launched 28 generic versions of the following branded products in the U.S. (listed in order of launch):

 

Generic Name

  Brand Name   Launch
Date
  Total Branded Market at
Time of Generic Launch

$ millions (IMS)*

Granisetron tablets

  Kytril®   Jan-08   $ 84.4

Granisetron HCl injection SD&MD vials w/preservative

  Kytril®   Jan-08   $ 75.0

Granisetron HCl injection SD vials w/out preservative

  Kytril®   Jan-08   $ 484.8

Ipratropium bromide/albuterol sulfate inhalation solution

  Duoneb®   Jan-08   $ 226.8

Oxytocin injection

  Pitocin®   Jan-08   $ 29.9

Alendronate tablets

  Fosamax®   Feb-08   $ 1,873.3

Griseofulvin oral suspension

  Grifulvin V®   Feb-08   $ 31.1

Oxcarbazepine tablets

  Trileptal®   Feb-08   $ 697.8

Irinotecan HCl injection

  Camptosar®   Feb-08   $ 559.9

Ciprofloxacin (in 5% dextrose) bags

  Cipro®   Mar-08   $ 49.7

Epoprostenol sodium injection

  Flolan®   Apr-08   $ 134.0

Ropinirole tablets

  Requip®   May-08   $ 527.3

Fluoxetine HCl capsules

  Sarafem®   May-08   $ 36.4

Cetirizine hydrochloride suspension

  Zyrtec®   May-08   $ 99.6

Bupropion 150mg tablets

  Wellbutrin XL®   May-08   $ 947.9

Zaleplon capsules

  Sonata®   Jun-08   $ 87.7

Ramipril capsules

  Altace®   Jun-08   $ 844.8

Risperidone tablets

  Risperdal®   Jun-08   $ 2,666.2

Lamotrigine tablets

  Lamictal®   Jul-08   $ 2,333.5

Divalproex DR tablets

  Depakote®   Jul-08   $ 822.8

Doxycycline suspension

  Vibramycin®   Aug-08   $ 18.0

Adenosine injection syringe

  Adenocard®   Aug-08   $ 12.3

Nicardipine injection

  Cardene®   Sep-08   $ 187.6

Azithromycin suspension

  Zithromax®   Sep-08   $ 186.9

Fluconazole suspension

  Diflucan®   Sep-08   $ 7.6

Fentanyl transdermal

  Duragesic®   Oct-08   $ 1,164.5

Budesonide inhalation solution

  Pulmicort®   Nov-08   $ 996.2

Rocuronium bromide injection

  Zemuron®   Dec-08   $ 148.1

 

* Branded market size is a commonly used measurement of the relative significance of a potential generic product. The figures given are for the twelve months ended in the calendar quarter closest to our launch. Generic equivalents of any given product are typically sold at prices substantially below the branded price.

The FDA requires companies to submit ANDAs for approval to manufacture and market generic forms of brand-name drugs.

 

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In 2008, we received, in addition to 24 final generic drug approvals, 11 tentative approvals. A “tentative approval” letter indicates that the FDA has substantially completed its review of an application and final approval is expected once the relevant patent expires, a court decision is reached or a 30-month regulatory stay lapses. The 11 tentative approvals received were for generic equivalents of the following products:

 

Generic Name

   Brand Name   Total Branded
Market
$ millions (IMS)*

Almotriptan maleate tablets

   Axert®   $ 65.0

Anastrozole tablets

   Arimidex®   $ 729.6

Arsenic trioxide injection

   Trisenox®   $ 18.8

Lansoprazole DR capsules

   Prevacid®   $ 3,231.7

Perindopril tablets

   Aceon®   $ 31.9

Quetiapine fumarate tablets

   Seroquel®   $ 3,699.2

Raloxifine tablets

   Evista®   $ 701.4

Rizatriptan tablets

   Maxalt®   $ 210.8

Sumatriptan succinate syringe

   Imitrex®   $ 212.1

Tamsulosin capsules

   Flomax®   $ 1,485.8

Valsartan tablets

   Diovan®   $ 1,513.7
 
  * The figures given are for the twelve months ended September 30, 2008.

Our potential for revenue growth from generic products in the U.S. is closely related to our pipeline of pending ANDAs with the FDA, as well as tentative approvals already granted. As of February 5, 2009, we (including Barr) had 201 product registrations awaiting FDA approval (including some products through strategic partnerships), including 46 tentative approvals. The number of ANDAs submitted in 2008 represented both an industry and company record for any twelve-month period. Collectively, the brand-name versions of these 201 products had U.S. sales in 2008 exceeding $110 billion. Of these applications, 128 were “Paragraph IV” applications challenging patents of branded products. We believe we are the first to file with respect to 85 of these products, the branded versions of which had U.S. sales of more than $53 billion in 2008, and anticipate final approvals for most of these applications within the next three years.

In most instances, FDA approval is granted upon the expiration of the underlying patents. However, companies may be rewarded with a 180-day period of marketing exclusivity, as provided by law, for successfully challenging or circumventing these patents. As part of our strategy, we actively review pharmaceutical patents and seek opportunities to challenge patents that we believe are either invalid or not infringed by our generic version. In addition to the commercial benefit of obtaining marketing exclusivity, we believe that our patent challenges ultimately improve healthcare by allowing consumers earlier access to more affordable, high-quality medications.

Collaborations. As part of our strategy to bring generic versions to market as early as possible, we seek to enter into alliances with partners to acquire rights to products we do not have, to share development costs or litigation risks, and/or to resolve patent barriers to entry. Described below are certain alliances that provide significant current contributions to our generic pharmaceutical business.

In 1997, we entered into a marketing and product development agreement with Biovail Corporation that has provided us with exclusive U.S. marketing rights for certain of Biovail’s pipeline of controlled-release generic versions of successful brands. Under this agreement, which expires in 2011, we currently market generic versions of Cardizem® CD (diltiazem HCl), Adalat® CC (nifedipine) and Procardia XL® (nifedipine) in the U.S. We have also entered into a long-term supply agreement under which Biovail purchases active pharmaceutical ingredients from us.

In 2001, we entered into a strategic alliance agreement for twelve controlled-release generic pharmaceutical products with Impax Laboratories, Inc. The agreement grants us exclusive U.S. marketing rights and an option to

 

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acquire exclusive marketing rights in the rest of North America, Latin America, Europe and Israel. In 2002, we exercised our option with respect to certain products in Canada. Under this agreement, we currently market generic versions of Wellbutrin SR® (bupropion) tablets, Zyban® (bupropion) tablets, Ditropan XL® (oxybutynin), and Wellbutrin XL® (bupropion) tablets. We hold approximately 3.8% of Impax’s common stock, which was issued to us under the agreement and in repayment of loans from us under such agreement.

In 2006, we entered into an agreement with Impax and Anchen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the marketing of the generic version of Wellbutrin XL® (bupropion) tablets, 300 mg, the branded product marketed by GlaxoSmithKline. In accordance with the agreement, Anchen took the regulatory steps necessary to permit Impax to obtain final FDA approval of Impax’s ANDA for this product, and for us to sell the product during Anchen’s 180-day exclusivity period. In return, Anchen received certain payments from us, both during and after the exclusivity period. Pursuant to our 2001 agreement with Impax, we have U.S. marketing rights to Impax’s version of this product, and commenced sales in December 2006. In addition, we received a license to sell the generic version of Wellbutrin XL® (bupropion) tablets, 150 mg, in 2008. The license was exclusive for six months from launch and non-exclusive thereafter. We launched this product on May 30, 2008 by agreement with Anchen, which was awarded 180-day marketing exclusivity.

Recent Patent Litigation Settlements. From time to time we enter into agreements settling patent litigation with branded companies. We believe that these agreements benefit both U.S. consumers, by accelerating the introduction and increasing the availability of our lower cost generic products, and us, by removing uncertainty regarding possible litigation risks. We will continue to evaluate any potential future settlements on a case-by-case basis. Below are examples of significant settlements we reached during the last several years:

In 2005, we settled a patent dispute with GlaxoSmithKline relating to lamotrigine, the generic version of GlaxoSmithKline’s Lamictal®. GlaxoSmithKline granted us an exclusive royalty-bearing license to distribute generic lamotrigine chewable tablets (5 mg and 25 mg) in the U.S. no later than June 2005. We were also granted the exclusive right to manufacture and sell a generic version of lamotrigine tablets (25mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg) in the U.S. The product was launched in July 2008.

Also in 2005, in settlement of a patent dispute with Wyeth over the generic version of Effexor XR® (venlafaxine), Wyeth granted us a royalty-bearing license to manufacture and sell generic Effexor XR® in the U.S. no later than July 2010. The license is exclusive for the first six months after our launch.

In September 2007, we settled a patent dispute with GlaxoSmithKline that will enable us to enter the U.S. market in the first quarter of 2012 with generic versions of Avandia® (rosiglitazone maleate), Avandamet® (metformin/rosiglitazone) and Avandaryl® (glimepiride/rosiglitazone) oral tablets.

In October 2007, we settled patent disputes with Astellas Pharma Inc. and King Pharmaceuticals, Inc. regarding our submission of an ANDA for a generic version of Adenoscan® (adenosine injectable), a pharmacologic diagnostic adjunct. Under the settlement agreement, we will be able to launch our generic version pursuant to a license in September 2012, or earlier under certain circumstances.

In November 2008, we and Barr each settled patent disputes with Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC and Albany Molecular Research, Inc. involving our U.S. generic versions of Aventis Pharmaceuticals’ Allegra® (fexofenadine) 30mg, 60mg and 180mg tablets. The agreement releases us for all past and future activities in connection with the marketing and sale in the U.S. of our generic fexofenadine tablets. Under the agreement, we paid Aventis approximately $30 million and will pay Aventis a royalty on future U.S. sales.

Also in November 2008, we settled a patent dispute with AstraZeneca involving our U.S. generic version of AstraZeneca’s Pulmicort® (budesonide) respules, which we launched on November 18, 2008. The agreement releases us from liability for all past U.S. sales of generic budesonide respules and provides that any product

 

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already shipped may remain in the market to be further distributed and dispensed. The agreement also provides us an exclusive license to resume shipping additional units of budesonide respules on December 15, 2009 (or earlier based on certain contingencies).

Barr Patent Litigation Settlements

In 1996, Barr entered into settlement and license agreements with Shire plc (“Shire”) relating to the resolution of two patent cases involving Shire’s Adderall XR® (mixed amphetamine salts) product. Under these agreements, Barr obtained the right to launch a generic version of Adderall XR® commencing on April 1, 2009. The license is exclusive for the first 180 days following Barr’s launch.

In 2005, Barr and Kos Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Kos”), entered into various agreements relating to the resolution of patent litigation involving Kos’ Niaspan® (niacin) products. The settlement and license agreement gave Barr the right to launch a generic version of Niaspan® commencing on September 20, 2013.

In 2008, Barr signed a settlement and license agreement with Boehringer Ingelheim to resolve patent litigation involving Boehringer Ingelheim’s Mirapex® (pramipexole) product. Barr obtained the right to launch its generic version of Mirapex commencing no later than January 1, 2010.

In 2008, in settlement of certain patent litigation between the parties, Barr entered into supply and licensing agreements with Bayer for generic versions of Bayer’s Yasmin® (drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol) and Yaz® (drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol) oral contraceptive products. Barr launched Yasmin® in June 2008 and has the right to launch an authorized generic version of Yaz® on July 1, 2011, or earlier in certain circumstances.

Marketing and Sales. In 2008, our sales in the U.S. by channel were as follows:

 

     2008  

Drug store chains

   40 %

Drug wholesalers*

   34 %

Managed care organizations

   17 %

Generic distributors

   6 %

Governmental facilities and others

   3 %
 
  * A major portion of the products sold to wholesalers ends up in drug store chains.

Our sales organization consists of the Teva Generics group and the Teva Health Systems group, aligning the sales force with the customer base. The Teva Generics sales force calls on purchasing agents for chain drug stores, drug wholesalers, health maintenance organizations, mail order pharmacies, pharmacy buying groups and nursing homes. The Health Systems group handles unit dose products and finished-dosage injectable pharmaceutical products that are used primarily in institutional settings. It focuses on the injectable pharmaceutical market and key institutional accounts, including hospitals and clinics for critical care, government systems, hospital group purchasing organizations, managed care groups and other large healthcare purchasing organizations.

In the U.S., our wholesale selling efforts are supported by professional journal advertising and exhibitions at key medical and pharmaceutical conventions. From time to time, we also bid for U.S. government-tendered contracts.

Canada. Through Novopharm Limited, our Canadian subsidiary, we manufacture and market generic prescription pharmaceuticals in Canada. We are the second largest generic pharmaceutical company in Canada, with a product portfolio that includes 193 generic products in approximately 735 dosage forms and packaging sizes. In 2008, we launched generic equivalents of the following brand products (in order of launch date): Sandostatin MDV® (octreotide), Sandostatin SDV® , MS Contin® (morphine sulphate), Pantoloc® (pantoprazole), Percocet® , Cipro IV® (ciprofloxacin), Dixarit® (clonidine HCL), Gemzar® (gemcitabine), Seroquel® (quetiapine), Diane-35® (cyproterone/ethinyl estradiol) and Camptosar® (irinotecan).

 

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In Canada, the Therapeutic Products Directorate of Health Canada requires companies to make an abbreviated new drug submission in order to receive approval to manufacture and market generic pharmaceuticals. As of the end of 2008, we had applications for 71 products awaiting approval of the Therapeutic Products Directorate. Collectively, the branded versions of these products had Canadian sales in 2008 of approximately U.S. $3.9 billion.

Our sales force in Canada markets generic products to wholesalers and retail chains, reaching approximately 7,500 pharmacies. Canada continues to see consolidation of independent retail pharmacies and increased expansion of retail chains. The top five retail chain customers in Canada represent approximately 50% of the market (by dollar). The business is conducted primarily through multi-year contracts with major group purchasing organizations or hospital buying groups.

Europe

Effective April 1, 2008, the management and administration of our businesses in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries that are members of the European Union were integrated into Teva Europe, which now includes all EU member states and other Western European markets. CEE countries that are not EU members will continue to be managed by our International Group.

We are one of the leading generic pharmaceutical companies in Europe, with direct operations in 26 EU member states as well as Norway and Switzerland. Our primary strategic objective in Europe is to maintain or acquire a leadership position in each country in which we operate. We expect to continue a strong program of registering a broad portfolio of generic products, expand our customer base, capitalize on pro-generic governmental reforms and, where appropriate, seek strategic acquisitions and alliances. We have also established pan-European relationships with many of our customers.

In Europe, the generics market varies considerably from country to country in terms of market penetration and other characteristics. In 2008, generic penetration ranged between 50% and 70% of total pharmaceutical sales (measured by units) in the U.K., the Netherlands, Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. Such relatively high penetration rates are in contrast with other major European markets, such as France, Italy and Spain, where the market share of generics was between 5% and 20%. We believe that these less developed generic markets will, over time, provide a significant opportunity for growth in sales.

In certain European countries, there is a market for both branded generic products and drugs sold under their generic chemical names, while in others, there is a market for branded generics only. Some countries, such as the U.K. and the Netherlands (so-called “pure generic” markets), permit substitution by pharmacists, while other countries permit pharmacists to dispense only the specific pharmaceutical product prescribed by doctors.

Certain European governments, which see generics as an opportunity to lower healthcare costs significantly, pursued various reforms in 2008. In the U.K., the government initiated the next stage of its reform of pharmacy remuneration, which resulted in further price reductions. In the Netherlands, a new “preference system” was introduced, which gives pharmaceutical companies an incentive to reduce prices by becoming exclusive suppliers to state insurers.

The overall value of branded products expected to lose patent protection in the top eight European markets between 2009 and 2014 is estimated to be approximately $36 billion. However, the variations in regulatory regimes by country often result in differences in patent expiration dates and, because of data exclusivity restrictions, differences in the timing of generic launches.

In 2008, among the most significant products we sold in Europe were generic versions of the following branded products: Casodex® (bicalutamide), Coversyl® (perindopril), Diamocron® (gliclazide), Effexor® (venlaflaxide), Famvir® (famciclovir), Gopten® (trandolapril), Lescol® (fluvastatin), Natralix® (indepamide),

 

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Nebilet® (nebivolol), Oncovin® (vincristine), Pharmarubicin® (epirubicin), Sandimmun Optoral® (ciclosporine), Prilosec® (omeprazole), Risperdal® (risperidone), Trevilor® (venlafaxine), Telfast® (fexofenadine), Subutex® (buprenorfine) and Xyzal® (levocetrizine).

In Europe, while marketing authorizations for generic products may be obtained through a decentralized mutual recognition procedure, a centralized procedure involving the European Medicines Agency (“EMEA”) may be used, which results in an approval applicable in all EU member states. In 2008, we received an aggregate of 1,197 European generic approvals relating to 142 compounds in 272 formulations, including three approvals from the EMEA. As of December 31, 2008, we, including Barr, had approximately 4,326 marketing authorization applications pending approval in 30 European countries relating to 256 compounds in 528 formulations, including 14 applications pending with the EMEA.

Barr Acquisition. The acquisition of Barr substantially expanded our operations in Germany and Poland. In Germany, Barr’s generic products are marketed through a subsidiary, AWD pharma GmbH, and its oncology products are marketed through O.R.C.A. pharm GmbH. In Poland, where Barr ranks fourth in terms of generic pharmaceutical sales and has a strong portfolio of over-the-counter drugs, Barr also has manufacturing and R&D facilities. For a description of Barr’s operations in countries that are not members of the EU, see “—International” below.

Below is a summary of our operations in selected European countries:

United Kingdom

We are the leading generic pharmaceutical company in the U.K. in terms of sales to the National Health Service, which is the sole national insurer. We have a portfolio of over 200 generic products, which are sold in approximately 560 dosage forms and packaging sizes. We maintain the largest sales force in the generic industry focusing on independent retail pharmacies.

The U.K. pharmaceutical market is characterized by a high generic penetration of approximately 60% in terms of volume. In 2008, the government initiated the next stage of its reform of pharmacy remuneration, seeking to incentivize pharmacists to offer more services by reducing the reimbursement levels paid to pharmacists (and therefore reducing their ability to achieve substantial profits from the sales of drugs alone) by cutting approximately $600 million per year from the reimbursement value of generic medicines. Generics manufacturers were affected by the resulting reduction in demand from retail pharmacists and pharmaceutical wholesalers.

In 2008, we launched 34 new products in the U.K., including the generic versions of Casodex® (bicalutamide), Telfast® (fexofenadine), Famvir® (famciclovir), Subutex® (buprenorphine), Lescol® (fluvastatin), Diamicron® (gliclazide) MR, Kytril® (granisetron), Xyzal® (levocetirizine) , Natralix® (indapamide) SR, Glucophage® (metformin) SR, Nebilet® (nebivolol), Gopten (trandolapril)®, Oncovin® (vincristine) and Effexor® (venlafaxine) XL.

In order to meet the expected requirements of the U.K. market and to improve customer service, we have invested in a highly automated distribution center, which we expect will become fully operational by the end of the second quarter of 2009. We believe that this distribution center will provide a competitive advantage by enabling us to tailor the distribution of products to both wholesalers and pharmacy chains.

France

We are the fourth largest generic company in France by sales, with a portfolio of approximately 150 generic products sold in approximately 330 dosage forms and packaging sizes.

The French pharmaceutical market is characterized by increasing generic penetration which, following governmental reforms which sought to encourage the dispensing of generic products, reached approximately

 

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20% of the total market in volume terms. In 2008, the French government imposed significant price cuts on existing products and decreased prices of new generics to be 55% less than the brand product compared to 50% in 2007.

In 2008, we launched 28 new products in France, including the generic versions of Lanzor® (lansoprazole), Risperdal® (risperidone), Hyperium® (rilmenidine), Lodoz Wytens® (bisoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide), Telfast® (fexofenadine), Clarythine® (loratadine), Zeclar / Naxy® (clarithromycine), Casodex® (bicalutamide), Diamicron® (gliclazide), Lescol/ Fractal® (fluvastatine) and Fludex® (indapamide).

The Netherlands

We are the leading generic company in the Netherlands and the third largest pharmaceutical company by sales (based on reimbursement price level). Our portfolio includes 260 generic products which are sold in approximately 760 dosage forms and packaging sizes.

The pharmaceutical market in the Netherlands is characterized by high generic penetration of approximately 50% of the total market in volume terms. In 2008, a new tender system was introduced, which gives pharmaceutical companies an incentive to reduce prices by becoming exclusive suppliers to health insurance organizations for a six month to one year period. Pharmacies and wholesalers were most impacted by this new system, as discounts from generic companies now flow directly to the insurer. The effect on us was substantially mitigated due to our broad portfolio offering, which provided us with a competitive advantage.

In 2008, we launched 15 new products in the Netherlands, including the generic versions of Coversyl® (perindopril), Casodex® (bicalutamide), Telfast® (fexofenadine), Effexor® (venlafaxine), Phital® (food supplements), Aerochamber Plus® (inhalation spacer device), Eloxatin® (oxaliplatin) and Qvar® (beclomethasone).

Italy

We are the leading generic company by sales and units in Italy, with a portfolio of 119 generic products in approximately 260 dosage forms and package sizes.

The Italian pharmaceutical market is characterized by a low generic penetration of approximately 10% in terms of volume. In 2009, new pharmaceutical regulations are expected to come into effect, reducing public prices for generics by 7% and regulating discounts to wholesalers and pharmacists.

In 2008, we launched 13 new products in Italy, including generic versions of of Antra® (omeprazole), Triatec® (ramipril), Selectin® (pravastatin), Clacid® (clarithromycin), Norvacs® (amlodipine) and Stilnox® (zolpidem).

Hungary

We are the second largest generic company and the fifth largest pharmaceutical company by sales in Hungary, with a portfolio of 179 products in 679 dosage forms and packaging sizes. In addition to the retail reimbursed business, we are the second largest supplier in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market and among the three leading suppliers to hospitals. We also have a wholesale division, which is the third largest in Hungary.

The Hungarian pharmaceutical market is characterized by high generic penetration of approximately 50% in terms of volume.

In 2008, we launched nine new products in Hungary, including the generic versions of Actonel® (risedronate) and Cosaar® (losartan).

 

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Germany

In Germany, we have a a product portfolio that includes 107 generic products which are sold in approximately 540 dosage forms and packaging sizes. Following the acquisition of Barr, we became the sixth largest generic company in Germany with a portfolio of 225 generic products sold in approximately 926 dosage forms and packaging sizes.

As a result of legislative changes introduced in 2007, the German generic pharmaceutical market, which is characterized by high branded generic penetration of approximately 70% in terms of volume, is evolving into a tender-driven market in which state health insurers may enter into direct rebate agreements with pharmaceutical manufacturers. Under this system, pharmacists are obliged to dispense products of pharmaceutical manufacturers that hold such rebate contracts with the health insurer of the patient, except in cases where the physician has specifically ruled out such substitution. In December 2008, we were chosen, together with a partner, to supply AOK, the largest German healthcare fund, with 15 tender contracts, which represent approximately 20% of the tender value. We are aware of ongoing legal challenges against the results of the AOK tender which may delay the implementation or otherwise adversely affect the tender.

In 2008, we launched 19 new products in Germany, including the generic versions of Pharmarubicin® (epirubicin), Sandimmun Optoral® (cyclosporine pro), Prilosec® (omeprazole), Risperdal® (risperidone) and Trevilor® (venlafaxine).

Poland

In 2008, we were the ninth largest generic company in Poland with a product portfolio that includes 66 generic products which are sold in approximately 152 dosage forms and packaging sizes. Following the acquisition of Barr, we became the third largest generic company and the sixth largest pharmaceutical company in Poland, with a portfolio that includes 162 generic products in approximately 386 dosage forms and packaging sizes.

The Polish pharmaceutical market is characterized by high generic, predominately branded, penetration of approximately 70% in terms of volume.

In 2008, we launched 10 new products, including the generic version of Sortis® (atractin).

Czech Republic

We are the second largest generic pharmaceutical company in the Czech Republic, with a portfolio of 104 products in approximately 228 dosage forms and packaging sizes.

The Czech pharmaceutical market is characterized by high generic penetration of approximately 55% in terms of volume, despite the branded generic character of the market. As a result of healthcare reforms initiated in 2008 by the government, the generic segment of the market declined in both value and volume. Three elements of the reform negatively affected generic companies—charges per prescription; physician’s visit and hospitalization; and a two-level external reference price system which resulted in price decreases.

In 2008, we launched eight new products, including the generic versions of Losec® (omeprazole), Eloxatin® (oxaliplatin), Kytril® (granisetron), Monopril® (fosinopril) and Reminyl® (galantamine).

Spain

Following our acquisition of Bentley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in July 2008, we became the fourth largest generic company by sales in Spain with a portfolio of 78 products, sold in approximately 540 dosage forms and packaging sizes.

 

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The Spanish pharmaceutical market is characterized by low generic penetration of approximately 18% in terms of volume. The top five wholesalers represent more than 60% of the market.

In 2008, we launched 32 new products in Spain, including the generic versions of Fosamax® (alendronate), Benestan® (alfusozin), Famvir® (famciclovir), Diflucan® (fluconazole), Neurontin®, (gabapentine) Diamicron® (gliclazide), Kytril® (granisetron), Cozaar® (losartan), Risperdal® (risperidone), Seroxat® (paroxetine), Imigran® (sumatriptan), Vandral® (venlafaxine), Artal® (pentoxifylline), Beneflur® (fludarabine) and Eloxantin® (oxaliplatin).

Other European Markets. We are also currently establishing or growing our operations in other European countries, such as Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Switzerland, Ireland, Portugal, Austria, Greece, Finland and Norway.

International

Our International Group is responsible for markets other than the U.S., Canada, and those included under Teva Europe. While each of these markets differs from the others, in general the main markets are characterized by rapid growth and relatively high sales of OTC and branded generic products.

Barr Acquisition. The acquisition of Barr brought significant operations in Croatia and Russia through Pliva d.d., which was acquired by Barr in late 2006. Pliva’s share of the Croatian generic market is approximately 14%. The business in Croatia, which is the site of Barr’s European headquarters, includes manufacturing, R&D and API facilities.

Below is a summary of our operations in Latin America, Russia, Israel and Japan:

Latin America

We market a broad portfolio containing innovative, branded generic, generic and OTC pharmaceutical products in Latin America. We distribute our products in most of the Latin American countries. In most cases, these products are manufactured in our facilities in Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Peru and Venezuela.

Mexico, Chile, Brazil, Argentina and Venezuela are the largest pharmaceutical markets in the region, with substantial local manufacturing and, due to the historical absence of effective patent protections for innovative drugs, a history of reliance on generic and branded generic products.

Total pharmaceutical retail sales in the region exceeded $32.8 billion in 2008 and, according to IMS forecasts, the Latin American pharmaceutical market is expected to grow at an average annual rate of approximately 11% through 2012.

We intend to expand our operations in Latin America, taking advantage of the expected increases in spending on healthcare (and on pharmaceuticals in particular) and growing populations, leveraging our manufacturing expertise, building on our existing brands and expanding the indications served.

Below is a discussion of operations in our main markets in the region, listed in order of contribution to sales. The three leading markets account for approximately 60% of our total sales in the region.

In Venezuela, we are the leading company in terms of prescriptions, with a market share for 2008 of approximately 7%. Our primary business consists of branded generics, which are sold to distributors and wholesalers, with a small portion of sales being made directly to pharmacies, institutions and governmental customers.

In Chile, we are the largest pharmaceutical company in terms of sales and prescriptions for both branded generics and generics. We market our products to retail and institutional (hospitals and clinics) customers and export to 13 other countries within the region. Branded generics account for approximately three-quarters of our sales in dollar terms, with the remainder consisting of generics and over-the-counter products.

 

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In Argentina, we manufacture and sell approximately 160 branded generic and OTC products. As is largely the case in the rest of the region, the Argentine pharmaceutical market is highly fragmented with no single company claiming market leadership. We are the third largest pharmaceutical company in terms of sales, with a market share of approximately 5% for 2008. Sales are made primarily to distributors and wholesalers, with the remainder directly to healthcare institutions.

In Mexico, our operations include four pharmaceutical manufacturing sites, supplying primarily to the domestic market, as well as to other markets in Latin America. Sales are made primarily to the public sector (through government tenders and institutional sales), with private sales, including sales of our innovative products (Copaxone®, as well as Azilect®) and OTC products.

In Peru, we are the fifth largest pharmaceutical company in terms of sales. The vast majority of our sales are to pharmacy chains, distributors and wholesalers. Approximately 20% of sales are to governmental customers. We also operate the third largest pharmacy chain, which purchases 16% of our pharmaceutical output in Peru.

Other Countries in Teva’s International Group

Israel. We are the leading provider of professional healthcare solutions (products and services) in the Israeli market. Sales in Israel accounted for 4% of our total sales in 2008. In this market, in addition to innovative pharmaceutical, generics and OTC products, we sell and distribute a wide range of healthcare products and services, including consumer healthcare products, hospital supplies, dialysis equipment and disposables, diagnostics and home care services. Our sales in Israel are made through our distribution company, Salomon, Levin and Elstein Ltd., which sells directly to institutional customers, as well as to private pharmacies and chains. Our Israeli product portfolio also includes products sold under licensing arrangements. As in several European markets, prices for our products in Israel are significantly affected by pricing regulations and governmental policies.

Russia. Sales in Russia consisted primarily of Copaxone®, respiratory products, hospitals and retail generics and OTC products, complemented by biogeneric products. The regulatory environment in Russia is characterized by continuing government-imposed cost containment measures for products included in the reimbursement list.

Japan. Japan is the second largest pharmaceutical market worldwide, estimated at approximately $70 billion in 2008. Generic penetration is estimated at 19% of volume and 4% of value. In 2007, the Japanese government set an objective to double generic usage and reach 30% market share in terms of volume by 2012. On September 24, 2008, we signed a definitive agreement with Kowa Company Ltd. to establish a leading generic pharmaceutical company in Japan. The company, Teva-Kowa Pharma Co., Ltd., is a 50-50 joint venture that will seek to leverage the marketing, research and development, manufacturing and distribution capabilities of each partner to become a broad-based supplier of high quality generic pharmaceutical products for the Japanese market. Teva-Kowa Pharma will become operational in 2009.

We are also currently establishing or growing our operations in other countries, including Brazil, China, Colombia and Turkey.

Global Branded Products Group

Our branded business includes (1) two innovative products that we developed: Copaxone®, for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, and Azilect®, for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, (2) respiratory products, (3) biopharmaceuticals and biogenerics and (4) women’s health products—the proprietary business acquired in December 2008 as part of the Barr acquisition.

Innovative Products

Copaxone®

Copaxone®, our largest product and first major innovative drug, is the leading multiple sclerosis (“MS”) therapy. Copaxone®, indicated for reduction of the frequency of relapses in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (“RRMS”), is a class of modifying therapy with a dual mode of action that offers MS patients a different treatment concept.

 

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by both inflammation and neurodegeneration, which are both interrelated and independent of each other. In the majority of patients, the disease is of the relapsing-remitting form, which is manifested by acute attacks (relapses) followed by recovery (remission). This recovery may be incomplete at times, resulting in a disability progression which is measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (“EDSS”).

Copaxone® is the first, and currently the only, non-interferon immunomodulator available for the treatment of RRMS.

In three pivotal clinical trials it has been demonstrated that daily subcutaneous injection of Copaxone® significantly reduces the relapse rate, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-activity and burden of disease. Results recently presented from the U.S. pivotal trial extended as an open-label trial to 15 years (making it the longest continuous study ever of patients with RRMS) demonstrate that in patients who continue to inject Copaxone® for an average of 15 years, the number of attacks was reduced to an average of one attack every five years, and more than 80 percent of patients continue to walk unaided. In addition, no additional safety concerns other than those reported in the pivotal studies were detected in these long-term treated patients.

The current understanding of Copaxone®’s mode of action suggests that it has a dual mechanism of action both outside and within the central nervous system (where MS is active) to regulate inflammation at the site of brain lesions. In addition, it has been demonstrated in animal models as well as in MS patients using unconventional MRI techniques that Copaxone® controls neurodegeneration and enhances repair. Copaxone® reduces the number of brain lesions that evolve into permanent black holes, slows brain shrinkage and increases the production of factors that enhance neuronal repair. It has also been demonstrated that Copaxone® increases the concentration of the metabolite NAA (N-acetyl aspartate), a marker that correlates with integrity of the axons, and that this effect is sustained over six years.

In 2007, results from three studies directly comparing the clinical and MRI outcomes of high dose interferon beta and Copaxone® sponsored by manufacturers of interferon beta products were presented in Lancet (October 2008). The BECOME, BEYOND and REGARD studies, which collectively involved over 3,000 RRMS patients, were designed to demonstrate the superiority of interferon beta over Copaxone®, but failed to do so in any of the various primary endpoints. Moreover, the REGARD study comparing Copaxone® and Rebif® 44mcg showed that Copaxone® was superior to Rebif® 44mcg in slowing the rate of brain shrinkage (atrophy).

In 2008, results from the PreCISe study (a Teva-sponsored trial in patients presenting with a first clinical event suggestive of MS) were announced. Findings demonstrated that early treatment with Copaxone® significantly reduced the risk of developing clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) by 45 percent compared to placebo and prolonged the time to disease conversion by over a year. Based on these results, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA, involving over 20 EU countries) approved an expanded label for Copaxone® to include the treatment of patients with clinical isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of MS. A similar application for an expanded Copaxone® label is currently under review by the FDA. We also have applied for a similar expansion of Copaxone®’s indication in other countries to include treatment of patients with a first clinical event suggestive of MS.

Finally, data from several studies published recently suggest that Copaxone® is beneficial not only for mild to moderate MS patients but also for aggressive recurrently relapsing patients. Patients who received Copaxone® alone following short-term induction treatment with an immunosuppressant (mitoxantrone), or following six months of combination therapy with monthly intravenous steroids, had a pronounced and sustainable reduction in relapses and MRI-measured enhancing lesions of the brain.

A large Phase III study called FORTE was concluded in July 2008. The study, which randomized 1,155 RRMS patients, compared the efficacy over 12 months of a new higher dose of glatiramer acetate (40mg/day) vs. the current dose of Copaxone® (20mg/day). Results showed the glatiramer acetate 40mg dose did not demonstrate increased efficacy in reducing the relapse rate; however, the higher dose maintained the safety and tolerability profile of Copaxone® 20mg.

 

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To date, Copaxone® has been approved for marketing in 52 countries worldwide, including the United States, Canada, Israel, 27 European Union countries, Switzerland, Australia, Russia, Turkey, Mexico, Brazil and Argentina. Copaxone® was first launched in Israel in December 1996, followed by the United States in March 1997 and European Union approval in 2001.

In April 2008, we assumed the U.S. and Canadian distribution of Copaxone® from our partner, Sanofi-Aventis. Under the terms of our distribution agreements with Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi-Aventis is entitled to receive payment from us of previously agreed-upon termination consideration of 25% of the in-market sales of Copaxone® in the U.S. and Canada for an additional two-year period. Although we record higher revenues as a result of this change, we are also responsible for certain marketing and administrative expenses, which are no longer shared with Sanofi-Aventis. The resulting increase in expenses offsets the increase in reported revenues, and therefore there was minimal negative change to net income in 2008. In April 2010, we will stop making this payment to Sanofi-Aventis and thereafter will record all in-market sales and profits of Copaxone® for the U.S. and Canada.

We have an additional collaborative agreement with Sanofi-Aventis for the marketing of Copaxone® in Europe and other markets. Under the terms of this agreement, Copaxone® is co-promoted with Sanofi-Aventis in Germany, the U.K., France, Spain, the Netherlands and Belgium and is marketed solely by Sanofi-Aventis in the rest of the European markets, Australia and New Zealand. In the next few years, but mainly as of February 2012, we expect to gradually take over marketing responsibilities for Copaxone® in territories covered under this additional agreement, at which time Sanofi-Aventis will be entitled to pre-agreed residual payments for a period of two years, following a pattern similar to that under the North America agreement described above, but with substantially lower payments.

Azilect®

Azilect® (rasagiline tablets), indicated for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease both as initial monotherapy in the early stage of the disease and as an adjunct to levodopa in moderate to advanced stages of the disease, is our second innovative drug to be marketed.

Azilect® is a potent, second-generation, irreversible monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitor with neuroprotective activities demonstrated in various in vitro and in vivo studies. Its beneficial clinical effect, seen in the entire spectrum of the disease, combined with its once-daily dosing, lack of need for titration and high tolerability, allows Azilect® to address significant unmet needs in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Although many therapies are available, there is still a high level of dissatisfaction with many of these treatments, both in terms of their efficacy and tolerability. An estimated four million patients are affected by this chronic disease worldwide, which typically occurs at a late age, affecting approximately 1% of the population over the age of 60.

We launched Azilect® in its first market, Israel, in March 2005, followed by a rolling launch in various European countries, including the U.K. and Germany in 2005. Azilect® became available in the U.S. in 2006. To date, Azilect® has been made available in 35 countries, including Canada, Spain, Italy, Sweden, Belgium, Greece, Turkey, the Netherlands and Mexico. Total in market sales of Azilect® worldwide during 2008 amounted to $175 million.

The development of Azilect® is part of a long-term strategic alliance with Lundbeck, which includes the global co-development and marketing of Azilect®, mainly in Europe, for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Under our agreement, we jointly market the product with Lundbeck in certain key European countries. Lundbeck exclusively markets Azilect® in the remaining European countries and certain other international markets.

Azilect® has demonstrated efficacy and safety in three pivotal studies that included over 1,500 patients with Parkinson’s disease at different stages of the disease. In two Phase III studies with Azilect® as adjunctive therapy to levodopa in more advanced patients, Azilect® demonstrated beneficial effects in the two categories defined as the goals for adjunctive therapy in this disease: symptomatic control of Parkinsonian symptoms and treatment of levodopa-induced motor complications.

 

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In the TEMPO Phase III study, conducted in North America in early stage patients, Azilect® demonstrated efficacy and safety as monotherapy treatment, showing a highly statistically significant effect on the progression of Parkinsonian symptoms and suggesting a possible effect on disease progression based on the 12-month results of the study. In an open extension of the TEMPO trial, approximately half of the patients who were still in the study after two years (121 out of 266) were adequately maintained on monotherapy with Azilect® (without additional dopaminergic treatment). In this same open extension, the results of six and one-half years follow-up of patients treated with Azilect® show that the benefit of early treatment is maintained over time.

In June 2008, we announced positive results from the Azilect® ADAGIO Phase IIIb study, one of the largest studies ever conducted for Parkinson’s disease and the first delayed start, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study to prospectively assess the effect of a pharmacological intervention on slowing the clinical progression of the disease in very early untreated Parkinson’s patients. Azilect® 1mg met all three end points of the primary analysis, as well as the secondary endpoint—all with statistical significance. The study also confirmed the safety and tolerability of Azilect®. The results demonstrate that early treatment with Azilect® 1mg/day slows the progression of Parkinson’s disease and indicate that early treatment with Azilect® could modify the course of the disease.

We intend to submit the ADAGIO Phase IIIb study results to the regulatory authorities in the U.S. and Europe during 2009.

In November 2008, we announced the results of a study in which Azilect® demonstrated selective MAO-B inhibition at the approved dose of 1mg. Non-selective MAO inhibitors may have some contra-indications with certain foods and drugs such as tyramine. These limitations are not associated with selective MAO inhibitors and therefore such treatments can be more broadly prescribed. Based on these positive results, we applied to the FDA to modify the Azilect® label to reflect this data.

Intellectual Property and Other Protections

We rely on a combination of intellectual property protections and exclusivity periods provided under applicable regulations to protect our innovative products. We seek to obtain, where possible, product, process and use patents. We also rely on trade secrets, unpatented proprietary know-how and confidentiality agreements, as well as FDA data exclusivity rules, trademarks and copyright protection. Similar laws and regulations in the European Union provide for six to ten years of data exclusivity. Newer EU legislation provides for a uniform period of European Union data exclusivity for newly registered products for a period of ten years which, under certain circumstances, can be extended to 11 years.

We have Orange Book patents relating to Copaxone® with terms expiring in 2014 in the U.S. and in 2015 in most of the rest of the world. Copaxone® is also protected by data exclusivity protections in certain European countries until 2010. On July 11, 2008, we learned that Sandoz Inc., the U.S. generic drug division of Novartis AG, in conjunction with Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., filed an ANDA with the FDA for a generic version of Copaxone® (glatiramer acetate) containing Paragraph IV certifications to each of our patents listed in the FDA’s Orange Book for the product. On August 28, 2008, we filed a complaint against Sandoz, Inc., Sandoz International GmbH, Novartis AG and Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging infringement of four Orange Book patents, as well as trade secret misappropriation claims. The patents, which expire on May 24, 2014, cover the chemical composition of Copaxone®, pharmaceutical compositions containing it, and methods of using it. The lawsuit has triggered a stay of any FDA approval of the Sandoz ANDA until the earlier of the expiration of a period of 30 months or a district court decision in Sandoz’s favor. Sandoz filed its answers to our complaint on November 3, 2008. The answers include declaratory judgment counterclaims of non-infringement, invalidity, and unenforceability of all seven Orange Book listed patents, as well as two process patents. Our response maintaining the validity and enforceability of all of the patents-in-suit was filed on December 8, 2008. On December 11, 2008 Sandoz International GmbH and Novartis AG brought a motion to dismiss Teva’s patent claims on personal jurisdiction grounds. Those defendants are also seeking to dismiss Teva’s trade secret misappropriation claims alleging that the Court has no jurisdiction over the trade secret claims. In addition, we have filed a citizen’s petition with the

 

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FDA noting that even minor modifications in the composition of glatiramer acetate can lead to potentially significant differences in safety and efficacy. Since it is impossible to fully characterize the active components in Copaxone®, we believe that no generic version should be deemed its therapeutic equivalent without a demonstration of sameness. Additionally, our position is that any purported generic version of Copaxone® should undergo full clinical testing in humans.

Azilect® is protected in the U.S. by several patents that will expire between 2012 and 2016. A request for a patent term extension has been made in connection with one of these patents. In addition, Azilect® is entitled to new chemical entity exclusivity for a period of five years from its 2006 approval date. We hold several European patents covering Azilect® that will expire between 2011 and 2014. Supplementary Protection Certificates have been granted in a number of European countries with respect to the patent expiring in 2014, thereby extending its term to 2019. Azilect® is also protected by data exclusivity protection in EU countries until 2015.

Respiratory Products

We are committed to delivering a range of respiratory products for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and allergic rhinitis. Our global respiratory product strategy is to extract value from both the branded and generic environments; accordingly, our portfolio includes both branded products that utilize specific proprietary devices and pure generic products.

We recorded worldwide sales of respiratory products of approximately $778 million in 2008, a significant increase over the prior year. Over 60% of our 2008 global sales were in the U.S., with another 30% in Europe. Not included in these figures is budesonide, a respiratory product whose sales are reported as part of our generic drug sales.

Our principal branded respiratory products in the U.S. include ProAir™ (albuterol HFA), a short-acting beta-agonist for treatment of bronchial spasms linked to asthma or COPD and exercise-induced bronchospasm, and Qvar® (beclomethasone diproprionate HFA), an inhaled corticosteroid for long-term control of chronic bronchial asthma, which is manufactured by 3M. These products are marketed directly to physicians, pharmacies, hospitals, managed healthcare organizations and government agencies.

In January 2008, we entered into a co-promotion agreement for the promotion of ProAir™ with UCB, a biopharmaceutical company with a U.S. sales force of 391 representatives. Together with our own U.S. respiratory product sales force, 621 salespeople are dedicated to promoting ProAir™ in the U.S.

In Europe, our principal markets for respiratory products are the U.K., France, the Netherlands and Germany. The main products in these countries include salbutamol, beclomethasone in metered dose inhalers, Qvar® and Airomir® in metered dose inhalers and in Autohaler™, as well as through Qvar®, beclomethasone and salbutamol in Easi-Breathe®, the Cyclohaler® franchise and several products in Steri-Nebs™. We believe that there are opportunities to increase sales of Easi-Breathe®, Cyclohaler® and Steri-Nebs™ products in this region. In 2008, Qvar® was launched in Israel, and launches in additional countries are planned for 2009. In 2008, we entered into a commercial agreement with Chiesi Farmaceutica, establishing our first direct respiratory product operation in Italy.

In the short term, we believe our current portfolio of respiratory products is well positioned to capture opportunities globally. In recent years, we have continued to build upon our experience in the development, manufacture and marketing of inhaled respiratory drugs delivered by metered-dose and dry powder inhalers, primarily for bronchial asthma and COPD. At the core of our efforts to grow our respiratory franchise globally is a continued investment in high quality manufacturing capacity for press and breathe metered-dose inhalers, nasal sprays and Steri-Nebs™ ampoules for nebulization treatment, allowing us to play an important role in all major markets and to address all of the major areas of therapeutic need.

Over the longer term, we expect to utilize our research and development capabilities, both internal and through alliances, to develop additional products based on our proprietary delivery systems, including Easi-

 

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Breathe®, an advanced breath-activated inhaler (BAI), Spiromax™/Airmax™, a multi-dose dry powder inhaler, Steri-Nebs™, the blow-fill-seal based nebulizers, and Cyclohaler®, a single dose dry powder device. This strategy is intended to result in “device consistency”, allowing physicians to choose which device matches a patient’s needs both in terms of ease of use and effectiveness of delivery of the prescribed molecule for the therapeutic need. We are seeking FDA approval for ProAirTM HFA breath-actuated inhalation aerosol based on Easi-Breathe® technology. Our application has been filed, and the FDA’s action date is in April 2009.

All of our asthma products (except for beclomethasone in the U.K. and some in-licensed products sold in our International markets) are free of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants, which are being phased out worldwide under the Montreal Protocol, a 1987 international treaty to eliminate the production and use of ozone-depleting chemicals. As of December 31, 2008, CFC propellants ceased being sold in the U.S. Our inhaler products containing the ozone-friendly propellant hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) have captured approximately 55% of the HFA propellant-based product market in the U.S. We have additional non-CFC products in development.

Biopharmaceuticals and Biogenerics

We have identified biopharmaceuticals—in particular, biogenerics—as an important long-term growth opportunity. Unlike chemical (non-biological) compounds, which are produced synthetically, biopharmaceutical production involves the use of live organisms. These drugs, which are used to treat diseases like cancer, arthritis, and rare genetic disorders, represent one of the fastest-growing segments of the global pharmaceutical market and are a major contributor to increasing prescription drug costs. We expect that biopharmaceuticals will make up nearly 30% of the pharmaceutical market by 2015, compared to 15% in 2006, as a result of an anticipated compound annual growth rate of 12% over this period. In light of the high cost of innovative biological therapies, an opportunity exists for safe and reasonably priced biogeneric alternatives.

Our primary biopharmaceutical products are interferon alpha 2b and GCSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), which are being sold in certain markets in Europe, and hGH (human growth hormone), which we sell in the U.S. pursuant to an agreement with Savient. In September 2008, a European market authorization was granted for TevaGrastim®, the first GCSF biosimilar to be approved by the EU. TevaGrastim® was launched in several EU markets and will be launched in additional EU markets over time.

Our current biopharmaceutical pipeline consists of microbial and mammalian cell culture products, with the most mature compounds in Phase II studies and launch targeted for 2013. The acquisition of CoGenesys, Inc. (now known as Teva Biopharmaceuticals USA) in February 2008 further expanded our biopharmaceutical pipeline and provided access to albumin fusion technology enabling the development of long-acting biological drugs and additional protein-based medicines across broad therapeutic categories.

Our biopharmaceutical R&D facilities, which are located in the U.S., Israel and Lithuania, specialize in different expression systems and technologies. Our bulk protein manufacturing facilities are located in Lithuania and China. Finished dosage biopharmaceutical manufacturing is carried out in our existing sterile manufacturing facilities in Mexico, Israel, Hungary and China.

On January 20, 2009, we signed a definitive agreement with Lonza Group Ltd. to establish a joint venture to develop, manufacture and market a number of affordable, effective and safe biosimilar versions of a selected portfolio of biologic pharmaceuticals. The joint venture is expected to advance our efforts to secure a leading position in the emerging biosimilars market. The agreement is subject to applicable regulatory approvals.

Women’s Health

Barr manufactures and markets proprietary pharmaceutical products under the Duramed label in the U.S. and Canada. Barr’s proprietary product development activities are focused primarily on its portfolio of women’s healthcare products, which includes oral contraceptives, intrauterine contraception, hormone therapy treatments

 

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for menopause/perimenopause and treatment for endometriosis and labor and delivery. Barr maintains a proprietary product sales force of approximately 340 representatives. Actively promoted products include:

 

 

 

Seasonique® (levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol and ethinyl estradiol) extended-cycle oral contraceptive

 

   

Plan B™ OTC/Rx (levonorgestrel) emergency oral contraceptive

 

 

 

Paragard® T 380A (intrauterine copper contraceptive) IUD

 

   

Enjuvia™ (synthetic conjugated estrogens, B) hormone therapy

 

 

 

Mircette® (desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol) oral contraceptive

 

 

 

Niaspan® (niacin ER tablets) for high cholesterol (marketed under agreement with Kos Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Abbott)

 

 

 

Advicor® (niacin ER/lovastatin tablets) for high cholesterol (also marketed under agreement with Kos)

Set forth below are descriptions of certain of the proprietary products listed above:

Seasonique® is our next generation extended-cycle oral contraceptive product. Seasonique® provides continuous hormonal support in the form of a low dose of estrogen in place of the seven placebo pills. Under the Seasonique® extended-cycle regimen, women take active tablets of 0.15 mg levonorgestrel/0.03 mg of ethinyl estradiol for 84 consecutive days, followed by seven days of low-dose estrogen (0.01 mg of ethinyl estradiol).

Plan B is an emergency oral contraceptive that is intended to prevent pregnancy when taken as soon as possible within 72 hours following unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. Plan B is available as an OTC product for women 18 years of age and older and by prescription for women 17 and younger.

Paragard® IUD provides women with a long-term, reversible, non-hormonal contraceptive option. It is the only IUD approved for up to 10 years of continuous use and is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.

Enjuvia™ is approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. Enjuvia™ uses a unique delivery system to provide slow release of estrogens over several hours. In April 2007, Enjuvia™ became the first and only oral estrogen to be approved by the FDA to treat moderate-to-severe vaginal dryness and pain with intercourse, symptoms of vulvar and vaginal atrophy associated with menopause.

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Our active pharmaceutical ingredients division (“TAPI”) is a leading international supplier of API to generic and innovative drug companies. We have 20 production facilities located in Israel, Hungary, Italy, the U.S., the Czech Republic, India, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Spain, China and Croatia. We offer approximately 290 APIs covering a wide range of products, including respiratory, cardiovascular, anti-cholesterol, central nervous system, dermatological, hormones, anti-inflammatory, oncology, immunosuppressants and muscle relaxants. TAPI sells its products both to our finished dose pharmaceutical businesses, providing us with significant vertical integration benefits, and to third parties worldwide. TAPI offers a high quality, long term, reliable and cost effective source of API.

We have expertise in a variety of production technologies, including chemical synthesis, semi-synthetic fermentation, high potency, plant extracts, synthetic peptides, vitamin D derivatives and prostaglandins. Our advanced technology and expertise in the field of solid state enable us to meet customer specifications for particle size distribution, bulk density, specific surface area and other characteristics.

Our intellectual property portfolio includes over 4,570 granted patents and pending applications worldwide and serves to differentiate us from competitors. TAPI’s stringent standards for freedom to operate opinions, together with our extensive global litigation experience, provide API customers with high confidence levels and decreased time to market.

 

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Our API facilities meet all applicable current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) and quality standards promulgated by US Pharmacopea (USP), European Pharmacopoeia (EP), Japanese Pharmacopea, and other applicable quality standards. Most of the products are produced in dedicated computer-controlled facilities to optimize quality. Our API plants are regularly inspected by the FDA, the EMEA or other authorities as applicable. During 2008, all inspections of our API facilities worldwide found our manufacturing practices at all sites acceptable.

TAPI is expanding its customer base to include branded pharmaceutical companies as well. In addition, TAPI is seeking to meet increasing demand in Asia and South America.

Animal Health

Teva Animal Health, Inc. is the leading manufacturer of generic animal pharmaceuticals and marketer of proprietary dermatological and nutraceutical veterinary products in the U.S. animal health market. Teva Animal Health manufactures a broad portfolio of generic pharmaceuticals, including licensed and non-licensed as well as sterile and non-sterile dosage forms. Teva Animal Health serves all major companion and economic animal segments with both prescription and over-the-counter products. Teva Animal Health provides a high-quality line of dermatological and nutraceutical products under its DVM brand. DVM, which is supported by a dedicated sales force, is the largest and best-recognized brand in dermatologicals and nutraceuticals for companion animals.

Teva Animal Health’s headquarters, primary manufacturing, distribution, research and development, sales and marketing facilities, are located in St. Joseph, Missouri. Other manufacturing facilities are also located in Fort Dodge, Iowa. Through its technical services unit, Teva Animal Health also provides services to the veterinary community.

On January 29, 2009, we sold our Israeli animal health business unit to Phibro Animal Health Corporation for total consideration of approximately $47 million.

Innovative Projects

Our proprietary research and development pipeline focuses primarily on three niche specialty areas: neurological disorders, autoimmune diseases and oncology. In building our pipeline, we focus on products with meaningful differentiation from existing products in terms of clinical attributes, expected commercial value and benefit to patients and health insurers. In addition, we incorporate new technologies, such as biomarkers, early in the development process to reduce the risk at more advanced stages of R&D. Our proprietary pipeline is strengthened by the activities of our Innovative Ventures unit, which focuses on early identification and evaluation of potential proprietary compounds, primarily in the above niche areas, and invests directly in companies with promising products and technologies.

In conducting our research and development, we seek to manage our resources conservatively and to limit our risk exposure. At the drug discovery phase, we utilize our relationships with the Israeli academic community and start-up companies to gain early access to potential projects. Once these projects progress into the more costly clinical study phase, we explore corporate partnering options where needed, through which we can share financial and other risks. In 2008, we began initiating a more active global sourcing process for selected indications within the therapeutic areas of neurology, autoimmune diseases and oncology.

We have innovative projects in various stages of development (both clinical and pre-clinical). While multiple sclerosis remains an important focus of our development efforts, as we continue to investigate potential improvement of Copaxone® and explore other molecules as future therapies for MS, we also have active projects in the areas of Crohn’s disease, lupus/lupus nephritis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, oncology and asthma.

 

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Below is a table listing selected pipeline products in development:

 

Project / Compound

 

Potential Indication

 

Clinical Phase

 

Project Partner

 

Formulation

Laquinimod (1)   Multiple sclerosis   III   Active Biotech   Oral
TV-1102   Multiple sclerosis   IIa Completed   Antisense Therapeutics Inc.   Injectable
Talampanel   Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)   II   Not applicable   Oral
Pagoclone   Persistent developmental stuttering (PDS)   IIb in 2009   Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc.   Oral
Talampanel   Glioblastoma   II Completed   Not applicable   Oral
Andenovirus vaccines (2)   Respiratory diseases   Phase II/III   U.S. Department of Defense   Injectable

 

(1) In June 2004, we acquired from Active Biotech the exclusive rights to develop, register, manufacture and commercialize laquinimod worldwide, except for the Nordic and Baltic countries. We made an upfront payment to Active Biotech and will conduct and fund further clinical development. The agreement also calls for us to make payments to Active Biotech upon the achievement of various sales targets and other milestones, with maximum payments of $92 million. Active Biotech will also receive tiered double-digit royalties on sales of the product. In February 2009, we received a Fast Track designation from the FDA, which may allow laquinimod to enter the market as soon as late 2011.

Research conducted demonstrated that laquinimod has a broad profile of efficacy in animal models of inflammatory diseases. We initiated the clinical development of laquinimod for Crohn’s disease and expect to initiate such studies in lupus nephritis in the near future.

 

(2) Pipeline products added as a result of the Barr acquisition: Through the acquisition of Barr we are developing adenovirus vaccines Type 4 and 7 under a $77.4 million, multi-year contract awarded in September 2001 by the U.S. Department of Defense (“DOD”). These are intended to be dispensed to armed forces personnel to prevent epidemics of an acute respiratory disease that has been a leading cause of hospitalizations of military trainees. Barr completed its Phase II/III clinical program in late 2007 and filed a Biologics License Application (“BLA”) in 2008. Although the current BLA only covers the use of the vaccines in military populations, we have the right to market the product to other populations, such as immunosuppressed patients, and foreign markets where the same needs exist as those of the DOD.

Teva Innovative Ventures

The objective of Teva Innovative Ventures is to increase and enhance our innovative pipeline through in-licensing and/or investing in pre-clinical stage products; developing such products through pre-clinical development until the clinical stage and investing in clinical-stage products.

Teva Innovative Ventures sources potential products globally in both academia and start up companies and has invested and continues to invest directly and/or through investment companies, in early stage companies that we believe have interesting technologies or products. In some cases, in tandem with such investments, we will obtain strategic rights in a company or product. Examples of such rights received include an option to buy the entire company under certain circumstances at pre-negotiated prices/terms and/or an option to license a product or create a joint venture with the company on a particular product based on pre-negotiated terms.

Typically, our investment will be directed toward achieving certain milestones based on an agreed budget and development plan created with our assistance. Once a milestone is achieved, we will determine whether to exercise our option. If so, we will become much more actively involved in the company and its development, and the product will enter our pipeline.

 

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Below is a table listing selected projects in which we have an interest:

 

Project Name

 

Potential Indication

 

Clinical Phase

 

Project Partner

 

Total Investment

StemEx® (1)   Hematological malignancies   Phase III   Gamida Cell Ltd.   $25 million
CT-011   Solid tumors and Hematologic malignancies   Phase II during 2009   Curetech Ltd.   $10.5 million
Debrase® (2)   Removal of burn-injured tissue (eschar)   Phase III in Europe   MediWound Ltd.   $15 million
Diapep-277 (3)   Type I diabetes   Phase III   Andromeda Biotech Ltd.   $10 million

 

(1)

In February 2005, we signed a joint venture agreement with Gamida Cell Ltd. to develop and commercialize StemEx®, a novel cell therapy product containing expanded cord blood stem/progenitor cells for the treatment of hematological malignancies in patients who cannot find a matched donor. A Phase III pivotal study, which will enroll 100 patients in the U.S., Europe and Israel, was initiated in October 2007 and is scheduled to be completed in 2011.

(2)

Debrase® is an innovative botanical product developed by MediWound for the enzymatic removal of burn-injured tissue (eschar). Debrase® may present an alternative to surgery and/or lengthy non-surgical procedures which are commonly practiced today. Another benefit of Debrase® is its selective activity, which removes only the eschar without harming vital tissue. This minimizes the need for additional skin grafting surgery, while taking advantage of the potential for spontaneous healing of the burn wound. Currently, the product is in a Phase III clinical study in the EU. Upon the successful completion of the Phase III study, a marketing authorization application is expected to be submitted to the EMEA.

(3) In February 2009, we exercised an option to enter into a license agreement with respect to Diapep-277, which is currently in a Phase III clinical study for Type I diabetes. The agreement is subject to applicable regulatory approvals and other conditions.

Research and Development

Our research and development efforts are integral to all of our major businesses. Research and development expenses, which were $786 million, $581 million and $495 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, increased substantially in 2008, and are expected to further increase in 2009 in accordance with our strategic goal of doubling our 2007 R&D output by 2012.

The Global Generic R&D Division is in charge of developing products that are equivalent to innovative pharmaceuticals. Its responsibilities include product formulation, chemical and physical (including shelf-life) testing, stability testing, bioequivalence (absorption and extent), blood level testing, clinical testing, registration and approval of a growing list of generic drugs for all of the markets where we operate. It continues to expand and enhance its capabilities beyond tablets, capsules, liquids, ointments and creams to other dosage delivery systems and dosage types, such as matrix systems, special coating systems for sustained release products, orally disintegrating systems, sterile systems such as vials, syringes and blow-fill-seal systems, drug device combinations and nasal delivery systems for generic drugs. The division operates from twenty development centers located in the U.S., Israel, Canada, India, Mexico, Europe and Latin America, enabling us to take advantage of local expertise and costs as well as a more favorable patent law approach towards generics in some of these countries.

We develop a broad portfolio of generic products, including those that have one or more characteristics that we believe will make it difficult for others to develop competing generic products. The characteristics of the selected generic products we pursue may include one or more of the following:

 

   

those with complex formulation or development characteristics;

 

   

those requiring specialized manufacturing capabilities;

 

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those where sourcing the raw material may be difficult; and

 

   

those that must overcome unusual regulatory or legal challenges, including patent challenges.

The Global Innovative R&D Division operates in Israel, the U.S., Canada, Hungary and several European countries. The division, together with Teva Innovative Ventures, conducts all activities relating to the clinical testing and regulatory approval of our growing portfolio of proprietary products, up to market entry and throughout the life cycle of each molecule. In addition, the division supports our efforts to source, on a global scale, both pre-clinical and early clinical products, specifically in the areas of neurodegeneration/neuroprotection, autoimmunity and oncology, to create and maintain a leadership position for Copaxone® in multiple sclerosis and to establish a franchise in Parkinson’s disease through Azilect®.

The Global API R&D focuses on the development of processes for the manufacturing of API, including intermediates, chemical and biological (fermentation), which are of interest to the generic drug industry, as well as for our proprietary drugs. Our facilities include a large center in Israel (API processes and peptides), a large center in Hungary (fermentation and semi-synthetic products), a facility in India and additional sites in Italy, Croatia, Mexico and the Czech Republic (development of high potency API). Our substantial investment in R&D generates a steady flow of API products, enabling the timely introduction of pharmaceutical products to market. The API R&D division seeks methods to continuously reduce API production costs, enabling us to remain a supplier of key API products in an environment of price erosion after other competitors cease to be able to produce these products economically and enabling TAPI’s customers to remain competitive in the marketplace.

Biopharmaceutical R&D. We also have R&D operations in the U.S., Lithuania, China, Mexico and Israel that are specifically dedicated to the development of biopharmaceutical products. This division’s expertise covers recombinant protein expression and production, including genetic engineering, recombinant bacterial fermentation, mammalian tissue culture, protein purification and the development of analytical methods and formulations. Through the acquisition of CoGenesys (now known as Teva Biopharmaceuticals USA) in February 2008, we added a world-class biotechnology research team, advanced technological platforms and an innovative pipeline addressing a broad spectrum of therapeutic categories.

Competition

Generics

In the U.S., we are subject to intense competition in the generic drug market from other local and foreign generic drug manufacturers, brand-name pharmaceutical companies (through authorized generics), manufacturers of branded drug products that make efforts to continue to produce those products after patent expirations and manufacturers of therapeutically similar drugs. We believe that our primary competitive advantages are our ability to continually introduce new generic equivalents for brand-name drug products on a timely basis, our emphasis on regulatory compliance and high-volume cost-effective production, our customer service and the breadth of our product line.

A significant proportion of our U.S. generic sales is made to a relatively small number of retail drug chains and drug wholesalers. These customers have undergone and continue to undergo significant consolidation, which has resulted in customers gaining more purchasing power. Consequently, there is heightened competition among generic drug producers for the business in this smaller and more selective customer base. On the other hand, this trend provides a competitive advantage to large suppliers that are capable of providing sufficient quantities of a product, as well as a broad product line, on a national basis while maintaining a high level of customer service.

Price competition from additional generic versions of the same product may result in significant reductions in sales and margins over time. To compete on the basis of price and remain profitable, a generic drug manufacturer must manufacture its products in a cost-efficient manner. In addition, our competitors may develop their products more rapidly or complete the regulatory approval process sooner, and therefore market their products earlier. New drugs and future developments in improved and/or advanced drug delivery technologies or other therapeutic techniques may provide therapeutic or cost advantages to competing products.

 

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Many brand-name competitors try to prevent, discourage or delay the use of generic equivalents through several tactics, including legislative initiatives (e.g., pediatric exclusivity), changing dosage form or dosing regimen just prior to the expiration of an original patent, regulatory processes, filing new patents, patent extensions, litigation, including citizens’ petitions, negative public relations campaigns and, most recently, creating alliances with managed care companies and insurers to reduce prices and economic incentives to purchase generic pharmaceuticals. In addition, the brand-name companies sometimes launch, either through an affiliate or through licensing arrangements with another company, an authorized generic concurrent with the first generic launch, so that the patent challenger no longer has the full exclusivity granted by the Hatch-Waxman Act.

In Canada, the competitive landscape continues to intensify with the increasing presence of foreign competitors. Five major generic drug manufacturers, three of which, including our subsidiary Novopharm, are subsidiaries or divisions of global manufacturers, satisfy approximately 80% of the Canadian demand for generic pharmaceuticals.

The customer base for Novopharm continues to change as the number of independent community pharmacies decreases at the expense of chain drug and banner-aligned store groups, which work closely with selected suppliers for specific products. This trend is expected to continue, resulting in increased competition for generic drug manufacturers at the chain and banner buying offices. These larger customers look to generic suppliers to timely launch cost-effective generic products, maintain high levels of product availability and provide increased levels of overall customer value and service.

In Latin America, the pharmaceutical market is generally fragmented, with no single company enjoying market dominance. Local generic companies predominate, especially in Brazil, Argentina and Chile. These local companies, as well as multinational branded companies, compete with our local operations in all of the markets. Our strengths in the region include our comprehensive range of products, which cover a wide range of therapeutic categories, strong sales forces and the opportunity to leverage our global product portfolio.

In Europe, we compete with other generic companies (several major multinational generic drug companies and various local generic drug companies) and branded drug companies that continue to sell or license branded pharmaceutical products after patent expirations. As in the U.S., the generic market in Europe is very competitive, with the main competitive factors being price, time to market, reputation, customer service and breadth of product line.

As part of its efforts to improve the affordability of medicines for patients and address the challenges of public health systems by increasing generic penetration, the European Commission launched a sector inquiry and published a preliminary report on its inquiry into competition in the pharmaceutical sector. According to the preliminary report, there is evidence that innovator companies have sought to delay or block market entry of generic medicines. The Commission accepted comments on its preliminary finding, and the final report is expected in the spring of 2009.

The United Kingdom, where we are the leading pharmaceutical company by volume and have twice the sales of our closest generic competitor, is one of the largest markets for generic pharmaceuticals in Europe. It is also one of the most competitive markets, due to its very low barriers to entry. Significant vertical integration exists between wholesalers and retailers, ensuring low prices as long as there are several suppliers. The number of major players in the U.K. pharmaceutical market has decreased due to consolidation.

France has some of the lowest pharmaceutical prices in the region largely due to aggressive pharmacist buying groups and to the French government’s efforts to control healthcare costs by imposing significant price decreases.

In the Netherlands, there is a developed “pure generics” market that operates in a manner similar to that of the U.K. As in the U.K., many pharmacies are grouped into chains that are owned by major wholesalers.

 

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However, due to the new tender system which was introduced in 2008 in the Netherlands, and the subsequent shift of bargaining power from pharmacies to insurers, there was a slow-down in the consolidation of independent retail pharmacies.

In Spain, the generic pharmaceutical market is largely represented by local companies. Regulations in seventeen local regions have varying policies regarding generic substitution. We have been able to develop different approaches to accommodate every region which, following the Bentley acquisition, has resulted in our having become the fourth largest generic company.

In Italy, there is a relatively low rate of generic penetration with intense competition at the retail level. The market is increasingly categorized by independent pharmacies that have the ability to dispense product from selected companies, which has resulted in increasing competition among generic companies. There is uncertainty in the market as the direction of government policy seems unclear, and may have substantial influence over the growth of the generic market.

In Hungary, we compete with local Hungarian manufacturers and also face increasing competition from multinational branded and generic pharmaceutical companies. The Hungarian pharmaceutical market has experienced price erosion in 2008, although at a slower level than in the previous year, affecting both generic and branded companies at least partially due to regulations that prevent reimbursement of products which exceed mandated reference prices by 20%. We are continuing to strengthen our position and presence in Hungary, while creating a more diversified product and service portfolio, including wholesaling services.

In Germany, there is a high level of generic penetration and intense competition with a relatively high number of competitors of varying sizes and capabilities including large domestic companies. Price levels for pharmaceuticals in Germany are largely affected by the on-going implementation of a tender system.

In Poland, the pharmaceutical industry has experienced significant structural change in recent years. Most of the state-owned companies have been privatized and foreign firms account for a high proportion of sales. The competitive landscape, which is dominated by several very strong local and regional competitors, continues to be challenging, with over 704 manufacturers.

The Czech Republic is a branded generic market where we compete with other generic companies (both local and regional generic drug companies) and branded drug companies that continue to sell or license branded pharmaceutical products after patent expirations. New governmental reforms reduced the reimbursement level of low-priced products in favor of high-priced new products, resulting in a shift of demand to newer and more expensive pharmaceuticals.

In Israel, our products compete with those of other local manufacturers, as well as with imported products. Generic competition has increased in recent years in Israel, and this trend is expected to continue, with additional pressure on prices coming from the healthcare funds and other institutional buyers. The introduction of private labels into the retail market has increased competition in the total over-the-counter market, a trend that is expected to increase in the future. In addition, regulations that came into effect in May 2005 allow sales of some over-the-counter products for the first time in retail locations, in addition to pharmacies. However, penetration into the retail over-the-counter market is slow.

Innovative Products

Copaxone® is an immunomodulatory therapy available for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Its primary competition is with three formulations of beta-interferons: Avonex®, Betaseron® and Rebif®. A fifth therapy, Tysabri®, was reintroduced in the U.S. in June 2006 with a “black box” label, which includes the most critical information about Tysabri®, such as indications and warnings, and with an indication for patients who have had an inadequate response to, or are unable to tolerate, alternate multiple sclerosis therapies. In July 2006, Tysabri® was launched in the EU with a restricted indication for patients who have failed

 

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beta interferons or for highly active patients. During 2008, four new cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (a fatal brain infection) were reported in patients treated with Tysabri as mono-therapy, one of which resulted in death. A change in labeling was implemented in the U.S. and the EU. In addition, the FDA has included Tysabri on a new quarterly list of medicines undergoing early safety probes by U.S. health officials. Tysabri is also being evaluated for reports of skin melanoma. We may also face competition from additional products in development, including orally administered formulations of both cladribine and fingolimod, which are currently in Phase III development.

In July 2008, Sandoz Inc., the U.S. generic drug division of Novartis AG, in conjunction with Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., filed an ANDA with the FDA for a generic version of Copaxone® seeking approval prior to the expiration of our patents. In August 2008, we filed a complaint against Sandoz/Momenta, which triggered a stay of any FDA approval of the ANDA until the earlier of January 2011 or a district court decision (if any) in favor of the ANDA filer.

Azilect®’s competitors include the newer non-ergot dopamine agonists class, Mirapex®/Sifrol® (pramipexole) and Requip ® (ropinirole), which are the leading products in this class, indicated for all stages of Parkinson’s disease, as well as the generic versions of such products, which were introduced in certain markets in 2008. Additionally, 2008 saw the first launches, in the U.S. and certain European countries, of Requip®’s new once-daily slow-release formulations. An additional competitor in this class is Neupro®, a dopamine agonist with a new once-daily patch delivery system. Neupro® has experienced problems related to the quality of its product and has been recalled from the market in the U.S. Neupro® also experienced supply issues in certain European countries. In the moderate to advanced stage of the disease, in addition to the dopamine agonists, Azilect® also competes with Comtan®, a COM-T inhibitor.

API

In the sale of our active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) products, we compete globally with other specialty chemical producers. Our competitive advantages include quality, cost effective manufacturing costs, exceptional customer service, and our ability to understand the regulatory requirements of each local market. Many of our customers are global in nature and thus would prefer to buy an API from one vendor globally rather than multiple vendors. Additionally, our API division has been and remains a leader in terms of both volume of global sales and breadth of API offerings, making us a one stop shop and allowing us to leverage our relationship on many products with our existing customer base. We believe that our extensive portfolio, service level and compliance record, combined with the creation of intellectual property rights and our financial resources, enhance our position as a leader in the industry. We are focusing additional attention on our API production, as we expect to benefit from the trend of outsourcing manufacturing by many multinational branded companies over the next decade.

Regulation

United States. All pharmaceutical manufacturers selling products in the U.S. are subject to extensive regulation by the U.S. federal government, principally by the FDA and the Drug Enforcement Administration, and, to a lesser extent, by state and local governments. The federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the Controlled Substances Act and other federal statutes and regulations govern or influence the development, manufacture, testing, safety, efficacy, labeling, approval, storage, distribution, recordkeeping, advertising, promotion and sale of our products. Our major facilities and products are periodically inspected by the FDA, which has extensive enforcement powers over the activities of pharmaceutical manufacturers. Noncompliance with applicable requirements may result in fines, criminal penalties, civil injunction against shipment of products, recall and seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production, sale or import of products, refusal of the government to enter into supply contracts or to approve new drug applications and criminal prosecution. The FDA also has the authority to deny or revoke approvals of drug active ingredients and dosage forms and the power to halt the operations of non-complying manufacturers. Any failure to comply with applicable FDA policies and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

 

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FDA approval is required before any “new drug” (including generic versions of previously approved drugs) may be marketed, including new strengths, dosage forms and formulations of previously approved drugs. Applications for FDA approval must contain information relating to bioequivalence (for generics), safety, toxicity and efficacy (for new drugs), product formulation, raw material suppliers, stability, manufacturing processes, packaging, labeling and quality control. FDA procedures require that commercial manufacturing equipment be used to produce test batches for FDA approval. The FDA also requires validation of manufacturing processes before a company may market new products. The FDA conducts pre-approval and post-approval reviews and plant inspections to implement these requirements. Generally the generic drug development and the ANDA review process can take three to five years.

The Hatch-Waxman Act established the procedures for obtaining FDA approval for generic forms of brand-name drugs. This Act also provides market exclusivity provisions that can delay the submission and/or the approval of ANDAs. One such provision allows a five-year market exclusivity period for new drug applications (“NDAs”) involving new chemical entities and a three-year market exclusivity period for NDAs (including different dosage forms) containing new clinical trial data essential to the approval of the application. The Orphan Drug Act of 1983 grants seven years of exclusive marketing rights to a specific drug for a specific orphan indication. The term “orphan drug” refers to a product that treats a rare disease affecting fewer than 200,000 Americans. Market exclusivity provisions are distinct from patent protections and apply equally to patented and non-patented drug products. Another provision of the Hatch-Waxman Act extends certain patents for up to five years as compensation for the reduction of effective life of the patent which resulted from time spent in clinical trials and time spent by the FDA reviewing a drug application. Patent term extension and non-patent market exclusivity may delay the approval of generic drug applications.

Under the Hatch-Waxman Act, a generic applicant must make certain certifications with respect to the patent status of the drug for which it is seeking approval. In the event that such applicant plans to challenge the validity or enforceability of an existing listed patent or asserts that the proposed product does not infringe an existing listed patent, it files a so-called “Paragraph IV” certification. As originally enacted, the Hatch-Waxman Act provides for a potential 180-day period of generic exclusivity for the first company to submit an ANDA with a Paragraph IV certification. This filing triggers a regulatory process in which the FDA is required to delay the final approval of subsequently filed ANDAs containing Paragraph IV certifications 180 days after the first commercial marketing of the drug by the first applicant. Submission of an ANDA with a Paragraph IV certification can result in protracted and expensive patent litigation. When this occurs, the FDA generally may not approve the ANDA until the earlier of thirty months or a court decision finding the patent invalid, not infringed or unenforceable.

The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act (the “Medicare Act”) of 2003 modified certain provisions of the Hatch-Waxman Act. Under the Medicare Act, final ANDA approval for a product subject to Paragraph IV patent litigation may be obtained upon the earlier of a favorable district court decision or 30 months from notification to the patent holder of the Paragraph IV filing. Exclusivity rights may be forfeited pursuant to the Medicare Act if the product is not marketed within 75 days of the final court decision and under other specified circumstances. However, some of these changes apply to ANDAs where the first Paragraph IV certification was filed after enactment of the Medicare Act; exclusivity determinations of previously filed ANDAs generally continue to be governed by the previous law.

The Medicare Act further expanded the scope of Medicare coverage for participants by creating what is known as the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit. The Part D prescription drug benefit became available to Medicare beneficiaries on January 1, 2006. Medicare prescription drug coverage under Part D is insurance that covers the Medicare beneficiary’s cost (subject to certain statutory purchasing thresholds, co-payments, insurance premiums, and deductibles) of prescription drugs at participating pharmacies. Medicare prescription drug coverage under the Part D benefit is available to all Medicare beneficiaries regardless of income and resources or health status. As a result, our products are, as of January 1, 2006, available for government-subsidized purchase by a larger market of Americans participating in government-sponsored third-party payor

 

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insurance programs. In addition, the structure of reimbursement under Medicare Part D includes a gap or “doughnut hole” in coverage, after the initial coverage limit is reached and before the catastrophic coverage benefit begins. To date, many benefit plans have utilized generic products to mitigate the impact of this gap.

The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act, signed into law in 2002, continues the so-called “pediatric exclusivity” program begun in the FDA Modernization Act of 1997. This pediatric exclusivity program provides a six-month extension both to listed patents and to regulatory exclusivities for all formulations of an active ingredient, if the sponsor performs and submits adequate pediatric studies on any one single dosage form. The effect of this program has been to delay the launch of numerous generic products by an additional six months.

The Generic Drug Enforcement Act of 1992 established penalties for wrongdoing in connection with the development or submission of an ANDA by authorizing the FDA to permanently or temporarily debar such companies or individuals from submitting or assisting in the submission of an ANDA, and to temporarily deny approval and suspend applications to market generic drugs. The FDA may suspend the distribution of all drugs approved or developed in connection with wrongful conduct and also has authority to withdraw approval of an ANDA under certain circumstances. The FDA may also significantly delay the approval of a pending NDA or ANDA under its “Fraud, Untrue Statements of Material Facts, Bribery, and Illegal Gratuities Policy.” Manufacturers of generic drugs must also comply with the FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices (“cGMP”) standards or risk sanctions such as the suspension of manufacturing or the seizure of drug products and the FDA’s refusal to approve additional ANDAs.

Products manufactured outside the United States and marketed in the United States are subject to all of the above regulations, as well as to FDA and U.S. customs regulations at the port of entry. Products marketed outside the United States that are manufactured in the United States are additionally subject to various export statutes and regulations, as well as regulation by the country in which the products are to be sold.

The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services is responsible for enforcing legal requirements governing rebate agreements between the federal government and pharmaceutical manufacturers. Drug manufacturers’ agreements with the Center provide that the drug manufacturer will remit to each state Medicaid agency, on a quarterly basis, the following rebates: for generic drugs marketed under ANDAs covered by a state Medicaid program, manufacturers are required to rebate 11% of the average manufacturer price (net of cash discounts and certain other reductions); for products marketed under NDAs, manufacturers are required to rebate the greater of 15.1% of the average manufacturer price (net of cash discounts and certain other reductions) or the difference between such average manufacturer price and the best price during a specified period. An additional rebate for products marketed under NDAs is payable if the average manufacturer price increases at a rate higher than inflation. We have such a rebate agreement in effect with the U.S. federal government. Federal and/or state governments have enacted and are expected to continue to enact measures, such as the Medicare Act, enacted in December 2003, which expanded the scope of Medicare coverage for drugs beginning in January 2006. These measures are aimed at reducing the costs to government third party insurers, such as Medicare and Medicaid, that dispense drugs to the public. We cannot predict the nature of such future measures or their impact on our sales or profitability.

In the United States, the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 mandated a new regulation, which became effective in part on October 1, 2007, establishing the method by which pharmaceutical manufacturers, including us, must calculate “average manufacturer price.” The Act strongly encouraged state Medicaid programs to utilize this average manufacturer price in the future as the benchmark for prescription drug reimbursement in place of the previous, widely used benchmark of average wholesale price. The Act also changed the method used to determine the federal upper limit on payment for generic drugs. Payments to pharmacies for Medicaid-covered outpatient prescription drugs are set by the states. Federal reimbursements to states for the federal share of those payments are subject to this federal ceiling, which, effective January 1, 2007, was 250% of the average manufacturer price for generic drugs. This price limit may have the effect of reducing the reimbursement rates for certain medications that we currently sell. We are reviewing the potential impact of these provisions on our

 

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business and profitability and have not yet been able to draw conclusions, because the implementation of certain provisions of the final regulations promulgated under the Act has been stayed by litigation. We do not know how long the court-ordered stay will remain in effect or what the final outcome will be.

Various state Medicaid programs have in recent years adopted supplemental drug rebate programs that are intended to provide the individual states with additional manufacturer rebates that cover patient populations that are not otherwise included in the traditional Medicaid drug benefit coverage. These supplemental rebate programs are generally designed to mimic the federal drug rebate program in terms of how the manufacturer rebates are calculated, e.g., as a percentage of average manufacturer price. While some of these supplemental rebate programs are significant in size, they are dwarfed, even in the aggregate, by comparison to our quarterly Medicaid drug rebate obligations.

Our products also include biopharmaceutical products that are comparable to brand-name drugs. Of this portfolio, only one, Tevtropin®, is sold in the U.S., while others are distributed outside of the U.S. We plan to introduce additional products into the U.S. marketplace, but currently an abbreviated regulatory pathway, such as the Hatch-Waxman Act, does not exist for these products. In 2007, the legislative environment in the U.S. improved, as a Senate committee considered legislation to create a regulatory pathway for biogeneric products, but no final legislation was enacted. We took an active role in the development and introduction of proposed legislation, and believe that a regulatory pathway will be created in the U.S. in the next several years.

Canada. The Canadian federal government, under the Food and Drugs Act and the Controlled Drug and Substances Act, regulates the therapeutic products that may be sold in Canada and the applicable level of control. The Therapeutic Products Directorate is the national authority that evaluates and monitors the safety, effectiveness and quality of drugs, medical devices and other therapeutic products.

The issuance of a market authorization, or “Notice of Compliance” is subject to the Food and Drugs Regulations, which provide, among other things, up to eight and one-half years of data exclusivity on new chemical entities. The regulations prohibit generic companies from filing a generic submission using a new chemical entity as the Canadian reference or comparator product for six years following the receipt by a brand company of a Notice of Compliance for such new chemical entity. The Canadian generic industry trade association has opposed the application of these regulations in the courts and a decision is currently under review.

Issuance of a Notice of Compliance for generic drug products is also subject to the Patented Medicines (Notice of Compliance) Regulations under the Patent Act. The Therapeutic Products Directorate will not issue a Notice of Compliance if there are any patents relevant to the drug product listed in the Patent Register maintained by Health Canada. Generic pharmaceutical manufacturers can either wait for the patents to expire or serve a notice of allegation upon the brand company. If, as is frequently the case, litigation is commenced by the brand company in response to the notice of allegation, a Notice of Compliance will not be issued until the earlier of the expiration of a 24-month stay or resolution of the litigation in the generic company’s favor.

Every province in Canada offers a comprehensive public drug program. Provincial governments control expenditures on therapeutic products by establishing interchangeability formularies and benefit lists and by only reimbursing for products that are listed therein. Many provinces are currently reforming their public drug programs and implementing new policies for the reimbursement of generic medications. In 2008, in the province of Ontario, tenders for three products were issued but only one has been awarded. Other provinces are negotiating directly with pharmacy organizations for lower generic prices. Some provinces are requiring listing agreements or fees before they will add the product to their formularies. There is continued pressure on the prices that pharmacies are reimbursed for generic products. In some cases, these changes have caused delays in the listing of generic products. However, many of these governments acknowledge the need to limit extended brand patent monopolies and to speed the approval process for generic drugs.

 

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European Union. The medicines legislation of the European Union requires that medicinal products, including generic versions of previously approved products and new strengths, dosage forms and formulations of previously approved products, shall have a marketing authorization before they are placed on the market in the European Union. Authorizations are granted after the assessment of quality, safety and efficacy by the respective health authorities. In order to obtain an authorization to place a medicinal product on the market, an application must be made to the competent authority of the member state concerned. Besides various formal requirements, the application must contain the results of pharmaceutical (physico-chemical, biological or microbiological) tests, pre-clinical (toxicological and pharmacological) tests and clinical trials. All of these tests must have been conducted in accordance with relevant European regulations and must allow the reviewer to evaluate the quality, safety and efficacy of the medicinal product.

During the course of 2008, we continued to register products in the European Union, using both the mutual recognition procedure (submission of applications in other member states following approval by a so-called reference member state) and the newer decentralized procedure (simultaneous submission of applications to chosen member states). We are also committed to using the centralized procedure to register our generic equivalent version of reference products that originally used this procedure. In February 2008, the European Commission (EC) adopted the opinion of the committee for medicinal products for human use (CHMP) and granted us a Europe-wide marketing authorization for mycophenolate mofetil. In October 2008, the CHMP adopted a positive opinion (subject to ratification by the EC) recommending the granting of a Europe-wide marketing authorization for pramipexole.

Due to historical court interpretations of “essential similarity” that have now been included in the new legislation, it has become possible to register generic drugs containing different salts of the active ingredient. We continue to invest in registration activities in the majority of countries in the European Union, including Hungary, the U.K., France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, the Czech Republic and Poland.

In 2005, a legal pathway was established to allow approval of Similar Biological Medicinal Products (“biosimilars”) using abbreviated marketing applications. Appropriate tests for demonstration of safety and efficacy include preclinical or clinical testing or both. The reference product for this testing is the brand-name drug, and the scientific principles of comparability are followed. In 2006, product specific guidelines were issued providing a more detailed interpretation of the data requirements for specific products, and further guidance is being developed by the respective authorities in conjunction with the pharmaceutical industry. In order to control expenditures on pharmaceuticals, most member states of the European Union regulate the pricing of such products and in some cases limit the range of different forms of a drug available for prescription by national health services. These controls can result in considerable price differences among member states.

The duration of certain pharmaceutical patents may be extended in the European Union by up to five years in order to extend effective patent life to fifteen years. Some older French and Italian patents were extended up to eight and eighteen years, respectively. Additionally, exclusivity provisions in the European Union may prevent companies from applying for a generic product for either six or ten years (the period is selected by each country) from the date of the first market authorization of the original product in the European Union. The legislation, applicable to all members of the European Union and effective as of November 2005, changes and harmonizes the exclusivity period for new products submitted after the effective date. The period before a generic application can be made will be eight years (from either six or ten years before) and allows the generic product to be marketed only after ten years from the first marketing authorization of the original product in the European Union, with the possibility of extending the exclusivity by one additional year under certain circumstances. Given that new products submitted after November 2005 will take at a minimum approximately one year to be assessed and approved, the new data exclusivity provisions of ‘8+2+1’ years will affect only generic submissions from around the end of 2014 onwards. The legislation also allows for research and development work during the patent term for the purpose of developing and submitting registration dossiers.

Economic reforms to the Hungarian pharmaceutical industry were introduced in January 2007. The regulations imposed increased financial burdens on pharmaceutical manufacturers and wholesalers, including, for

 

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example, the obligation of marketing authorization holders to pay a fixed percentage (12%) of the total annual state subsidy (based on turnover) paid for their subsidized pharmaceuticals, as well as a provision stating that the National Health Insurance Fund and the marketing authorization holders are to share any costs which exceed the preliminary subsidy estimate in the National Health Insurance Fund budget.

Latin America. The extension of patent protection to pharmaceutical products is a relatively new concept throughout much of Latin America, except Mexico and Brazil. Most local pharmaceutical companies in the region engage in the production of either copied versions of drugs still under patent in their countries of origin, or true off-patent drugs sold under a local brand-name, without bioequivalence testing in either case. Historically, registration has been simple, with no clinical studies required. In Mexico and Brazil, the regulatory requirements have changed dramatically. Bioequivalence studies performed by approved clinical research organizations and, given the climate zone, special stability studies are now required. In Mexico, bioequivalence studies are not only required for all new submissions, but also must be performed by February 2010 for all existing products. We are committed to completing such studies by the deadline. These new regulations could reduce competition from smaller, local companies and may provide an avenue for our Latin American operations to capitalize on products that we sell in other markets.

Israel. Israel requires pharmaceutical companies to conform to international developments and standards. To this end and in order to meet the three basic criteria for drug registration (quality, safety and efficacy), regulatory requirements are constantly changing in accordance with scientific advances as well as social and ethical values. Legal requirements prohibit the manufacture, importation and marketing of any medicinal product unless it is duly approved in accordance with these requirements.

As a result of the 1998 amendments to the patent law, the term of certain pharmaceutical patents may be extended under certain conditions for up to five years. In 2005, the Israeli Knesset (Parliament) enacted new legislation, which ensures that the patent term extension in Israel will terminate upon the earliest of the parallel patent term extension expiration dates in the U.S., Europe and several other countries. Also, in 2005, the Knesset ratified legislation which provides for data exclusivity provisions, which may prevent the marketing of a generic product for a period of five and a half years measured from the first registration of the innovative drug product in any one of a number of specified Western countries. Regulations which came into effect in May 2005 allow for sales of some over-the-counter products for the first time in retail locations in addition to pharmacies.

Israeli pricing regulations mandate that the retail prices of pharmaceuticals in Israel may not exceed the average of prices in four European markets (the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Belgium) (the so-called “Dutch model”). Effective as of January 15, 2007, the model was amended to include three additional EU markets (Spain, Portugal and Hungary, or Poland if the product does not exist in any of the first three additional countries) where prices of pharmaceutical products are notably low, which will consequently reduce the reference prices.

Miscellaneous Regulatory Matters

We are subject to various national, regional and local laws of general applicability, such as laws regulating working conditions. In addition, we are subject to various national, regional and local environmental protection laws and regulations, including those governing the discharge of material into the environment.

As discussed above, data exclusivity provisions exist in many countries worldwide and may be introduced in additional countries in the future, although their application is not uniform. In general, these exclusivity provisions prevent the approval and/or submission of generic drug applications to the health authorities for a fixed period of time following the first approval of the brand-name product in that country. As these exclusivity provisions operate independently of patent exclusivity, they may prevent the submission of generic drug applications for some products even after the patent protection has expired.

 

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Pharmaceutical Production

We operate 31 finished dosage pharmaceutical plants in North America, Latin America, Europe and Israel (not including the plants we acquired as part of the Barr acquisition). The plants manufacture solid dosage forms, injectables, liquids, semi-solids and inhalers. During 2008, these plants produced approximately 43 billion tablets and capsules and over 480 million sterile units.

Our two primary manufacturing technologies, solid dosage forms and injectables, are available in North America, Latin America, Europe and Israel. The main manufacturing site for respiratory inhaler products is located in Ireland. The manufacturing sites located in Israel, in Kfar Saba and Jerusalem, represent, in the aggregate, a significant percentage of our production capacity.

Twenty-five of our plants are FDA-approved. Achieving and maintaining quality standards in compliance with the current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) regulations, as established by the FDA and other regulatory agencies worldwide, requires sustained effort and expenditures, and we have spent significant funds and dedicated substantial resources for this purpose. In 2008, fifteen of our plants worldwide were inspected by the FDA. We successfully responded to and corrected any and all points cited by the FDA, and all of those sites were deemed acceptable at the end of their respective inspections.

With the acquisition of Barr, our production capabilities increased significantly, with additional facilities in the U.S., Poland, Croatia and the Czech Republic.

Raw Materials for Pharmaceutical Production

We take a global approach to managing commercial relations with suppliers. Strategic decisions are made on a global basis, while day-to-day operations are run locally. Most packaging materials are purchased locally.

Our API division is the principal raw materials supplier for our pharmaceutical businesses. The remaining raw materials are purchased from suppliers located mainly in Europe, Asia and the U.S. Most of our purchases from third-party suppliers of API are controlled substances. We have implemented a supplier audit program to ensure that our suppliers meet our high standards.

In certain of our products sold in the U.S., we utilize controlled substances and therefore must meet the requirements of the Controlled Substances Act and the related regulations administered by the Drug Enforcement Administration. These regulations include quotas on procurement of controlled substances and stringent requirements for manufacturing controls and security to prevent pilferage of or unauthorized access to the drugs in each stage of the production and distribution process. Quotas for controlled substances may from time to time limit our ability to meet demand for these products in the short run.

Environmental

As part of our overall corporate responsibility, we pride ourselves on our commitment to environmental, health and safety matters in all aspects of our business. As a vertically integrated pharmaceutical company with worldwide operations, we believe that our adherence to applicable laws and regulations, together with proactive management beyond mere compliance, enhances our manufacturing competitive advantage, minimizes business and operational risks and helps us to avoid adverse environmental effects in the communities where we operate. We believe that we are in substantial compliance with all applicable environmental, health and safety requirements.

Among our environmental initiatives in 2008 were (i) implementation of projects aimed at reducing the usage of energy resources; (ii) expansion of our waste recycling projects; (iii) further implementation of ISO 14001, an environmental management standard; and (iv) increased attention to the principles of green construction.

 

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Organizational Structure

Our worldwide operations are conducted through a network of subsidiaries primarily located in North America, Europe, Latin America and Israel. We have direct operations in more than 60 countries, as well as 38 finished dosage pharmaceutical manufacturing sites in 17 countries and R&D centers in 18 countries. The following sets forth, as of December 31, 2008, our principal operating subsidiaries in terms of pharmaceutical or API sales to third parties.

In North America—United States: Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., and Teva Animal Health, Inc.; Canada: Novopharm Limited.

In Europe—Czech Republic: Teva Pharmaceuticals CR, s.r.o.; Croatia: Pliva Hrvatska d.o.o.; France: Teva Classics S.A.S.; Germany: Teva Deutschland GmbH, AWD Pharma GmbH & Co. KG; Hungary: TEVA Hungary Pharmaceutical Marketing Private Limited Company; Italy: Teva Italia S.r.l.; Ireland: IVAX Pharmaceuticals Ireland (a branch of IVAX International B.V.); The Netherlands: Pharmachemie B.V., Plantex Chemicals B.V.; Poland: Teva Pharmaceuticals Polska sp. z o.o., Pliva Krakow S.A.; United Kingdom: Teva U.K. Limited (formerly known as Approved Prescription Services Limited); Spain: Laboratorios Davur S.L. Russia: PLIVA RUS Ltd., Galena Pharma Limited Liability Company.

In Israel—Assia Chemical Industries Ltd. and Salomon, Levin and Elstein Ltd.

In Latin America—Mexico: Lemery S.A. de C.V.; Chile: Laboratorio Chile S.A.; Venezuela: Laboratorios Elmor, S.A.

In addition to the subsidiaries listed above, we have operations in various strategic and important locations, including China, India, Turkey, Japan and other emerging and smaller markets.

Properties and Facilities

Listed below are our principal facilities in various regions of the world and their size in square feet as of December 31, 2008, including Barr’s principal facilities:

 

Plant Location

  

Square Feet
(in thousands)

  

Main Function

Israel

     

Jerusalem (3 sites)

   554    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, research laboratories and offices

Kfar Saba

   363    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, research laboratories and warehousing

Netanya (2 sites)

   428    API (chemical) manufacturing, pharmaceutical warehousing, distribution center and offices

Petach Tikva

   175    Corporate headquarters

Ramat Hovav

   917    API (chemical) manufacturing and R&D

 

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Plant Location

  

Square Feet
(in thousands)

  

Main Function

United States

     

Cincinnati, OH

   305    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, R&D laboratories, packaging and warehousing

Forest, VA

   427    Warehousing, manufacturing, packaging and distribution

Guayama, Puerto Rico

   170    API (chemical) manufacturing

Irvine, CA (2 sites)

   347    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, R&D laboratories and warehousing

Kutztown, PA

   211    Warehouse

Mexico, MO

   150    API (chemical) manufacturing

Miami, FL (4 sites)

   225    Manufacturing, R&D, warehousing and office space

North Wales area, PA (4 sites)

   808    Teva USA headquarters, warehousing and distribution center

Pomona, NY

   181    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, R&D laboratories and warehousing

Sellersville, PA

   206    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, R&D laboratories

St. Joseph, MO and Fort Dodge, IA (8 sites)

   522    Offices, distribution, R&D and warehouse

Canada

     

Markham, Ontario

   122    Pharmaceutical manufacturing and warehousing

Stouffville, Ontario

   155    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, R&D laboratories

Toronto, Ontario

   351    Canadian headquarters, pharmaceutical packaging, warehousing, distribution and laboratories

Europe

     

Zagreb, Croatia (4 sites)

   2,128    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, packaging and warehousing

Brno, Czech Republic

   453    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, R&D and warehousing

Opava, Czech Republic

   1,149    Pharmaceutical and API (chemical) manufacturing, warehousing and distribution

Runcorn, England

   151    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, warehousing, office space and R&D laboratories

Eastbourne, England

   133    Warehousing and packaging

Glasshoughton, England

   257    Warehouse and distribution center

Debrecen, Hungary

   1,681    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, API (chemical) manufacturing, R&D laboratories, warehousing

Gödöllõ, Hungary

   667    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, hospital supplies manufacturing, R&D laboratories, distribution, packaging and warehousing

Waterford, Ireland (3 sites)

   450    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, warehousing, packaging

Bulciago, Italy

   177    API (chemical) manufacturing

Rho, Villanterio, Setimo Milanese, Italy

   165    API (chemical) manufacturing

Santhia, Italy

   127    API (chemical) manufacturing, R&D laboratories and warehousing

Vilnius, Lithuania (2 sites)

   95    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, R&D laboratories

Haarlem, The Netherlands

   235    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, warehousing, packaging, offices and R&D laboratories

Kutno, Poland

   285    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, warehousing, packaging

Krakow, Poland

   948   

Pharmaceutical manufacturing and warehousing

Zaragoza, Spain (2 sites)

   136    Pharmaceutical manufacturing and API (chemical)

 

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Plant Location

  

Square Feet
(in thousands)

  

Main Function

Asia

     

Hangzhou, China

   169    API (chemical) manufacturing

Gajraula (U.P.), India

   356    API (chemical) manufacturing

Central & Latin America

     

Munro, Argentina

   154    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, warehousing, R&D laboratories and packaging

Santiago, Chile (2 sites)

   550    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, warehousing and R&D laboratories

Mexico City, Mexico (5 sites)

   375    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, API, distribution, warehousing and R&D laboratories

Ramos Arizpe, Mexico

   97    Pharmaceutical manufacturing

Guacara, Venezuela

   234    Pharmaceutical manufacturing, warehousing, packaging and R&D laboratories

We lease certain of our facilities. In Israel, our principal executive offices and corporate headquarters in Petach Tikva are leased until December 2012. In North America, our principal leased properties are the facilities in North Wales, Pennsylvania, the initial term of which expires in 2011, and a new warehouse in New Britain, Pennsylvania, the initial term of which expires in 2013. We own and lease various other facilities worldwide.

 

ITEM 4A: UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

 

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ITEM 5: OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

Introduction

We are a global pharmaceutical company that develops, produces and markets generic drugs covering all major treatment categories. We are the leading generic pharmaceutical company in the world, as well as in the U.S., in terms of both total and new prescriptions. We also have a significant and growing branded pharmaceutical business, including Copaxone® for multiple sclerosis and Azilect® for Parkinson’s disease, respiratory products and, following our acquisition of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., women’s health products. Our API business sells to third-party manufacturers and provides significant vertical integration with our own pharmaceutical production.

The generic pharmaceutical industry as a whole, and therefore our own operations, are affected by demographic trends such as an aging population and a corresponding increase in healthcare costs, governmental budget constraints and spending decisions of healthcare organizations, as well as broad economic trends. In each of our markets around the globe, governments as well as private employers are working to control growing healthcare costs, and there is an increasing recognition of the importance of generics in providing access to affordable pharmaceuticals, although these conditions also enhance pressure on generic pricing. In addition, the generic industry, particularly in the U.S., has been significantly affected by consolidation among managed care providers, large pharmacy chains, wholesaling organizations and other buyer groups. Generic companies also face intense competition from brand-name pharmaceutical companies seeking to counter generic products. We believe that our broad pipeline and balanced business model, combining generic as well as branded generic, innovative and respiratory pharmaceutical products, and API, coupled with our geographic diversity, are key strategic assets in addressing these trends.

On December 23, 2008, we completed the acquisition of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a U.S.-based multinational generic pharmaceutical company with operations mainly in the U.S. and Europe. The Barr acquisition enhances our leadership position in the U.S. and expands our international presence, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe. The acquisition also provides us with growth opportunities in first-to-file generic positions in our core U.S. business and new capabilities in women’s healthcare, including a strong proprietary product portfolio.

Highlights

In 2008, our net sales grew to a record $11.1 billion, an increase of approximately $1.7 billion, or 18%, over net sales in 2007. Our sales growth in 2008 can be attributed to strong performance in all of our business units, including higher generic sales in the U.S. and a record number of new product launches in the U.S.

Net income in 2008 was $635 million, compared to $1,952 million in 2007. The 2008 figure reflects, among other things, the impact of $1,806 million in charges, as detailed below.

Among the significant highlights of 2008 were:

 

 

 

Launches in the U.S. of four significant new generic products with exclusivity: the generic versions of Lamictal® (lamotrigine), Wellbutrin XL® (bupropion 150 mg), Risperdal® (risperidone), with abbreviated exclusivity, and Pulmicort® (budesonide), as well as additional sales of the generic version of Protonix® (pantoprazole). These sales were offset in part by the absence of any sales of the generic version of Oxycontin® (oxycodone) for eleven months of 2008, decreased sales of Wellbutrin XL® (bupropion 300mg), which lost exclusivity in 2008, and decreased sales of base products.

 

 

 

Total North American pharmaceutical sales increased by $977 million, and benefited from increased sales of our branded products, including Copaxone®, ProAir™ and Azilect®.

 

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Copaxone® reinforced its leadership position in the U.S. and became the leading global MS drug, with sales growing by 32% over 2007, reaching total global in-market sales of $2.26 billion. Substantial growth in Copaxone® sales was also recorded in Europe and Russia.

 

   

Our European business, driven by our particularly strong performance in Spain, France, Italy and Hungary, achieved higher sales in comparison to 2007, despite unfavorable market conditions in the U.K. and the Netherlands.

 

   

Higher European sales were also the result of 293 new generic product launches in 24 European countries, in comparison to 206 generic product launches throughout Europe in 2007.

 

   

Record sales of pharmaceutical products in our International markets, including record sales in Latin America and Russia as well as particularly strong sales in Israel.

 

 

 

Gross profit margins increased from 51.8% in 2007 to 53.8%, due in part to the assumption, in the second quarter, of North American distribution activities of Copaxone® (which also resulted in higher SG&A levels of 22.7% of net sales).

 

   

Record research and development expenses ($786 million, an increase of 35% compared to 2007), consisting of increases in generic and biogeneric R&D spending and innovative and respiratory R&D spending, in line with our strategy to increase R&D spending to a run rate between 7.0% and 7.5% of sales and to double our 2007 portfolio output by 2012.

 

   

Operating cash flow of $3,231 million, a 78% increase over 2007.

 

   

Taxes of $185 million, or 22% of pre-tax income, as compared with $397 million, or 17% of pre-tax income, in 2007.

 

   

Appreciations of various currencies against the U.S. dollar had a positive effect on sales (2%) and a negative effect on operating (-$65 million) and net income.

 

   

In 2008, we recorded charges of $1,806 million (after giving effect to the settlement described below), consisting of the following:

 

   

A $1,402 million write-off of in-process research and development, primarily related to the Barr acquisition and also impacted by the CoGenesys acquisition;

 

   

$375 million in charges relating to other than temporary impairment of financial assets (mainly auction rate securities) and other investments, primarily in venture capital and early stage companies;

 

   

$107 million in charges relating to impairment of intangible assets, including the impairment of products in the U.S. primarily relating to propofol, a product obtained as part of the Sicor acquisition in 2004;

 

   

$17 million in net charges relating to six legal settlements; and

 

   

$5 million in charges relating to an inventory step-up.

 

   

We received $100 million in connection with a settlement agreement with an institution relating to our auction rate securities.

Acquisitions, Joint Venture and Divestitures

CoGenesys, Inc.

In February 2008, we substantially expanded the capabilities of our biogenerics business by acquiring CoGenesys, Inc. for $412 million in cash. This acquisition provided us with access to albumin fusion technology enabling the development of long-acting biological drugs and additional protein-based medicines across broad therapeutic categories.

 

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Bentley

On July 22, 2008, we completed our acquisition of Bentley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Bentley”), for $366 million in cash. Bentley manufactures and markets branded and generic products primarily in Spain, but also sells in other parts of Europe. Bentley’s results of operations were included in our consolidated statements of income commencing August 1, 2008.

Barr

On December 23, 2008, we completed the acquisition of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a U.S.-based multinational generic pharmaceutical company with operations mainly in the United States and Europe, for approximately $4.6 billion in cash and 69 million ADSs. For accounting purposes, the transaction was valued at $7.5 billion. Barr’s net debt as of the acquisition date was approximately $1.5 billion. Barr’s results of operations will be included in our consolidated statements of income commencing January 1, 2009.

Kowa

On September 24, 2008, we entered into a joint venture agreement with Kowa Company, Ltd., a Japanese pharmaceutical company, for the establishment of a leading generic pharmaceutical company in Japan. The newly formed company will seek to leverage the marketing, research and development, manufacturing and distribution capabilities of its partners to become a supplier of high quality generic pharmaceutical products for the Japanese market, the world’s second largest pharmaceutical market. Under the joint venture agreement, each company will have a 50% stake in the newly formed company, Teva-Kowa Pharma Co., Ltd., which will become operational in 2009.

Lonza

On January 20, 2009, we signed a definitive agreement with Lonza Group Ltd. to establish a joint venture to develop, manufacture and market a number of affordable, effective and safe generic equivalents of a selected portfolio of biologic pharmaceuticals. The joint venture is expected to commence activities during the first quarter of 2009, subject to applicable regulatory approvals. We expect it to advance our efforts to secure a leading position in the emerging biosimilars market.

Divestitures

On January 29, 2009, we sold our Israeli animal health business unit to Phibro Animal Health Corporation for total consideration of approximately $47 million. In addition, during 2008 we sold two small subsidiaries, which we acquired through the Ivax acquisition.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain financial data derived from our U.S. GAAP financial statements, presented as percentages of net sales, and the percentage change for each item as compared to the previous year.

 

     Percentage of Net Sales
Year Ended December 31,
   Percentage Change
Comparison
 
       2008        2007        2006      2008-2007     2007-2006  
     %    %    %    %     %  

Net sales

   100.0    100.0    100.0    18     12  

Gross profit

   53.8    51.8    50.7    22     15  

Research and development expenses

   7.1    6.2    5.9    35     17  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   22.7    20.2    18.7    32     21  

Acquisition of research and development in-process

   12.6    —      15.4    N/A     N/A  

Litigation settlement, restructuring and impairment expenses

   1.1    —      1.2    N/A     N/A  

Operating income

   10.3    25.4    9.5    (52 )   199  

Financial expenses—net

   2.9    0.4    1.1    658     (56 )

Income before income taxes

   7.4    25.0    8.4    (65 )   233  

Net income

   5.7    20.8    6.5    (67 )   258  

 

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Sales—General

Consolidated sales by geographic areas and business segments were as follows:

Sales by Geographical Areas

 

                                Percent Change  

Sales for the Period

   2008    2007    2006    % of
2008
    % of
2007
    2008
from
2007
    2007
from
2006
 
     U.S. dollars in millions                         

North America

   6,413    5,428    5,065    58 %   58 %   18 %   7 %

Europe*

   2,976    2,645    2,206    27 %   28 %   13 %   20 %

International

   1,696    1,335    1,137    15 %   14 %   27 %   17 %
                               

Total

   11,085    9,408    8,408    100 %   100 %   18 %   12 %
                               

 

* All members of the European Union as well as Switzerland and Norway.

Sales by Business Segments

 

                                Percent Change  

Sales for the Period

   2008    2007    2006    % of
2008
    % of
2007
    2008
from
2007
    2007
from
2006
 
     U.S. dollars in millions                         

Pharmaceuticals

   10,482    8,847    7,821    95 %   94 %   18 %   13 %

API*

   603    561    587    5 %   6 %   7 %   (4 %)
                               

Total

   11,085    9,408    8,408    100 %   100 %   18 %   12 %
                               

 

* Third-party sales only.

Pharmaceutical Sales

North America

In 2008, pharmaceutical sales in North America amounted to $6,139 million, an increase of 19% over 2007. The growth in sales was attributable to:

 

 

 

The launch of four significant new generic products with exclusivity: the generic versions of Lamictal® (lamotrigine), Wellbutrin XL® (bupropion 150 mg), Pulmicort® (budesonide) and Risperdal® (risperidone). These sales were offset in part by the absence of any sales of the generic version of Oxycontin® (oxycodone) for eleven months of 2008, decreased sales of Wellbutrin XL® (bupropion 300mg), which lost exclusivity in 2008, and decreased sales of base products;

 

   

The launch of 24 other new products in the U.S., as described above under “Item 4: Information on the Company—Pharmaceutical Products—Generic Products—North America—Products;”

 

 

 

The continuation of strong sales of Protonix® (pantoprazole), which was intially launched late in the fourth quarter of 2007;

 

 

 

Continued growth in sales of our branded products, including Copaxone®, which increased in market sales by $549 million in 2008. We benefited from record in-market sales of Copaxone® in the U.S., due to price increases as well as to modest unit growth;

 

 

 

Increased sales of Azilect®, which grew by 19% over 2007; and

 

   

Increased sales of ProAir™, which grew by 13% over 2007 driven by an acceleration in the CFC to HFA conversion in the fourth quarter.

 

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In 2008, we dispensed in the U.S. approximately 494 million prescriptions, of which 475 million were generic prescriptions, an increase of 8% as compared to 2007 and 169 million prescriptions ahead of our nearest generic competitor and 186 million prescriptions ahead of any other pharmaceutical company. According to IMS data, in 2008, we had 13% of all prescriptions and 19% of all generic prescriptions in the U.S.

We expect that our revenue stream in North America will continue to be fueled by our strong U.S. generic pipeline, which, as of February 5, 2009, including products in Barr’s pipeline, had 201 product registrations awaiting FDA approval (including some products through strategic partnerships), including 46 tentative approvals. The number of ANDAs submitted in 2008 represented both an industry and company record for any twelve-month period. Collectively, the branded versions of these 201 products had U.S. sales in 2008 exceeding $110 billion. Of these applications, 128 were “Paragraph IV” applications challenging patents of branded products. We believe we are the first to file with respect to 85 of these products, the branded versions of which had U.S. sales of more than $53 billion in 2008, and anticipate final approvals for most of these applications within the next three years.

In Canada, as of December 31, 2008, we had 71 product registrations awaiting approval by the Therapeutic Products Directorate of Health Canada. Collectively, the branded versions of these products had Canadian sales in 2008 of approximately U.S. $3.9 billion.

In 2007, pharmaceutical sales in North America amounted to $5,162 million, representing an increase of 8% over 2006. The increase in sales was attributable to:

 

 

 

two major generic product launches in the U.S.: the generic versions of Protonix® (pantoprazole) and Lotrel® (amlodipine benazepril);

 

   

the launch of 25 new products in the U.S. compared with 17 products launched in 2006;

 

 

 

continued growth in sales of our branded products, including Copaxone®, ProAir and Azilect®; and

 

 

 

continued substantial growth of sales in Canada due to sales of venlafaxine (marketed under exclusivity during part of 2007), 20 new product launches, the most significant of which was olanzapine, the generic version of Zyprexa®, as well as the appreciation of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar.

These factors were partially offset by price erosion in 2007, which affected not only the major products introduced in 2006 under exclusivity but also base generic products.

Europe

Pharmaceutical sales in 2008 in Europe amounted to $2,782 million, an increase of 13% compared to 2007, with the main contributors to this increase being higher generic sales in Spain, following our acquisition of Bentley in July 2008, France, Italy and Hungary as well as an increase in the sales of Copaxone® and Azilect®. During 2008, most European currencies were revalued against the U.S. dollar (on an annual average compared to annual average basis). The euro appreciated by 7%, the Hungarian forint appreciated by 7% and the pound sterling depreciated by 8%. Accordingly, currency fluctuations relative to the U.S. dollar increased sales by 4%. However, the strength of European currencies against the U.S. dollar experienced in the early part of the year was significantly offset by declines of all of the major European currencies against the U.S. dollar during the fourth quarter of 2008, which trend has continued into early 2009.

Among the most significant products we sold in Europe were generic versions of the following branded products: Casodex® (bicalutamide), Coversyl® (perindopril), Diamocron®, Effexor® (venlafaxine), Famvir® (famciclovir), Gopten® (trandolapril), Lascol®, Nartalix®, Nebilet® (nebivolol), Oncovin® (vincristine), Pharmarubicin® (epirubicin), Sandimmun Optoral® (Ciclosporin Pro), Prilosec® (omeprazol), Risperdal® (risperidone), Trevilor® (venlafaxine), Telfast® (fexofenadine), Subutex® (buprenorphine) and Xyzal® (levocetirizine).

 

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Effective April 1, 2008, the sales, management, administration and all other activities of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries that are members of the European Union, which were previously recorded under our International region, are recorded under our European region. These countries include Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Cyprus and Malta. CEE countries that are not EU members will continue to be managed by our International Group. European sales already included sales in Hungary. For comparison purposes, International and European sales for the comparable year have been adjusted as if this change took place on January 1, 2007.

During 2008, we received 1,197 generic approvals in different European countries, corresponding to 142 compounds in 272 formulations, including three EMEA approvals which apply to all EU member states. In addition, as of December 31, 2008, Teva, including Barr, had approximately 4,326 marketing authorization applications pending approval in 30 European countries, relating to 256 compounds in 528 formulations, including 14 pending applications with the EMEA. Over the course of 2008, we continued to register products in Europe, using both the mutual recognition procedure and the newer decentralized procedure established by the European Union in an attempt to simplify and harmonize registration. The decentralized procedure allows simultaneous submission of an application to several member states. Due to historical court interpretations of “essential similarity” that have now been included in the decentralized procedure, it has become possible to register generic drugs containing different salts of the active ingredient.

Highlights for 2008 in Europe included:

 

   

U.K.: In the U.K., where we are the largest pharmaceutical company in terms of prescriptions, we recorded a slight decrease in sales in local currency terms due primarily to unfavorable market conditions, including reduced reimbursement by the government, price erosion and lower respiratory product sales as a result of the phase-out of CFC-based inhalers, which was not offset by sales of HFA-based products.

 

   

France: We continued to experience significant growth in sales in France, outperforming market growth and reaching a market share of approximately 10%. The French pharmaceutical market is characterized by increasing generic penetration, following a governmental reform which sought to eliminate disincentives for pharmacists to dispense generic products. Furthermore, the government imposed significant price decreases for new generic products that had only a minor effect on our sales.

 

   

The Netherlands: Despite the introduction as of June 1, 2008 of a preferential price policy for generic medicines, under which health insurers will only reimburse the lowest priced of a basket of commonly used drugs, we increased our market share to 34% of the generic market in the Netherlands.

 

   

Hungary: Despite continuing price decreases, we maintained our market share and slightly increased sales.

 

   

Spain: As a result of our mid-year acquisition of Bentley, our retail generic market share increased from 1% at the beginning of the year to nearly 10% by the end of the year.

 

   

Italy: We increased sales in the generic market as a result of new product launches and an agreement with a leading wholesaler, despite fierce price competition and slower than anticipated generic penetration.

 

   

Germany: Sales in Germany increased in 2008, despite the fact that sales under some AOK tenders awarded to Teva in 2007 were not realized due to ongoing legal challenges.

Certain European governments, which see generics as an opportunity to lower healthcare costs significantly, pursued various reforms in 2008. In the U.K., the government initiated the next stage of its reform of pharmacy remuneration, which resulted in further price reductions of generic products. In the Netherlands, a new “preference system” was introduced, which gives pharmaceutical companies an incentive to reduce prices by becoming exclusive suppliers to state insurers.

 

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Pharmaceutical sales in Europe in 2007 amounted to $2,462 million, an increase of 22% compared to 2006 reflecting growth in nearly all of our markets, with the main contributors to this increase being the retail and respiratory business in the U.K. and the generic business in France, as well as increased sales of Copaxone® and Azilect®.

International

Our International group includes all countries other than the U.S., Canada, EU member states, and other Western European countries. Our pharmaceutical sales in these countries reached an aggregate of $1,561 million in 2008, an increase of 28% as compared to 2007. Net of currency appreciation, sales grew by 23%. Approximately 44% of our International pharmaceutical sales were generated in Latin America, 30% in Israel, and 26% in Russia and other regional markets.

The principal countries contributing to our Latin American pharmaceutical sales were Venezuela, Peru, Chile, Argentina and Mexico. The principal countries contributing to pharmaceutical sales in other international regions were Israel and Russia. In most of these markets, our products are marketed and sold as branded generics. Sales of branded generic products usually generate higher gross margins but also involve considerably higher marketing expenditures than do non-branded generic products (such as those sold in the United States and certain Western European countries).

In Latin America, sales grew by 22% in comparison with 2007 sales, representing increased sales both in U.S. dollar terms and in local currency terms, especially in Venezuela, Peru and Argentina. In the fourth quarter of 2008, many currencies in the region were devalued against the U.S. dollar. If currency devaluations continue in 2009, such actions will likely have an adverse effect on sales.

Sales in Israel increased mainly due to the increase of revenue from the distribution of third-party products and medical device sales. Sales also benefited positively from the appreciation of the Israeli shekel.

In Russia, our sales nearly doubled, with the increase in sales being the result of a substantial increase in Copaxone® sales, as well as growth in sales of generics.

Pharmaceutical sales in our International group during 2007 amounted to $1,223 million, an increase of 17% compared to 2006.

Global Branded Products

Innovative Products:

Copaxone®. In 2008, Copaxone® continued to be the leading MS therapy in the U.S., and established itself as the leading global MS drug. Global in-market sales grew by 32% over 2007, reaching $2.26 billion. Price increases and currency effects accounted for 17% of the increase, and unit growth accounted for the remainder. Substantial growth was also recorded in Europe and Russia.

U.S. in-market Copaxone® sales increased 26% to $1,378 million, and non-U.S. in-market sales increased 43% to $884 million compared to 2007. Growth in U.S. sales of Copaxone® was driven by price increases in February and August and to a lesser extent by increases in unit sales, whereas the increase in sales outside the U.S. was driven, among other things, by unit growth and favorable exchange rate effects. Markets outside the U.S. with substantial unit sales growth included France, Spain, Italy, U.K., Russia and Brazil. Our assumption of the distribution activities of Copaxone® in North America resulted in an increase in sales of $504 million in 2008 compared to 2007. U.S. sales accounted for 61% of global Copaxone® sales in 2008, compared with 64% in 2007.

 

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In April 2008, we assumed the distribution of Copaxone® in the U.S. and Canada from our partner, Sanofi-Aventis. Under the terms of our distribution agreements with Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi-Aventis is entitled to receive payment from us of previously agreed-upon termination consideration of 25% of the in-market sales in the U.S. and Canada through March 31, 2010, which we will record as an SG&A expense. Sanofi-Aventis also ceased sharing our Copaxone® sales and marketing expenses in North America that were recorded against SG&A in previous quarters. This change has resulted in increases in our net sales, gross profit and gross profit margin as well as an increase in SG&A expenses, resulting in a minimal negative effect on operating income in 2008.

We have an additional collaborative agreement with Sanofi-Aventis for the marketing of Copaxone® in Europe and other markets. Under the terms of this agreement, Copaxone® is co-promoted with Sanofi-Aventis in Germany, the U.K., France, Spain, the Netherlands and Belgium and is marketed solely by Sanofi-Aventis in the rest of the European markets, Australia and New Zealand. In the next few years, but mainly as of February 2012, we expect to gradually take over marketing responsibilities for Copaxone® in territories covered under this additional agreement, at which time Sanofi-Aventis will be entitled to pre-agreed residual payments for a period of two years, following a pattern similar to that under the North America agreement described above, but with substantially lower payments.

On July 11, 2008, we learned that Sandoz Inc., the U.S. generic drug division of Novartis AG, in conjunction with Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., filed an ANDA with the FDA for a generic version of Copaxone® (glatiramer acetate) containing Paragraph IV certifications to each of our patents listed in the FDA’s Orange Book for the product. On August 28, 2008, we filed a complaint against Sandoz, Inc., Sandoz International GmbH, Novartis AG and Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging infringement of four Orange Book patents, as well as trade secret misappropriation claims. Our lawsuit has triggered a stay of any FDA approval of the Sandoz ANDA until the earlier of the expiration of a period of 30 months or a district court decision in Sandoz’s favor. On November 3, 2008, Sandoz, Inc. and Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc. filed their answers to Teva’s complaint. The answers assert several affirmative defenses to Teva’s patent infringement claims, including non-infringement, invalidity and enforceability of the asserted Orange Book patents. The answers also seek declaratory judgments of non-infringement, invalidity and unenforceability with respect to three unasserted Orange Book patents and two non-Orange Book patents. Our response maintaining the validity and enforceability of all of the patents-in-suit was filed on December 8, 2008. On December 11, 2008 Sandoz International GmbH and Novartis AG brought a motion to dismiss Teva’s patent claims on personal jurisdiction grounds. Those defendants are also seeking to dismiss Teva’s trade secret misappropriation claims alleging that the Court has no jurisdiction over the trade secret claims.

To date, Copaxone® has been approved for marketing in 52 countries worldwide, including the U.S., Canada, Israel, all EU countries, Switzerland, Australia, Russia, Mexico, Brazil and Argentina.

In 2007, in-market global sales of Copaxone® amounted to $1,713 million, an increase of 21% over the previous year. U.S. sales in 2007 accounted for 64% of global sales of Copaxone®. The growth of in-market sales of Copaxone® in the U.S. in 2007 also reflected the impact of two price increases of 10% and 7%.

Azilect®. Azilect® (rasagiline tablets), our once-daily treatment for Parkinson’s disease, continued to establish itself in the U.S. and Europe. Global in-market sales in 2008 reached $175 million compared to $120 million in 2007, an increase of 46%. Azilect® is now available in 35 countries. We are working to prepare the submission of the promising results of the ADAGIO trial, and have already submitted the results of the tyramine study (as described above), to the FDA.

Respiratory Products. Our global respiratory product portfolio recorded a 5% increase in sales in 2008, reaching approximately $778 million. Not included in this figure were our sales in the U.S. of budesonide, which were reported as part of our generic drug sales. U.S. sales were driven by greater sales of ProAir™ (albuterol HFA), which maintained its market leadership in the HFA market, and higher sales of Qvar®. In Europe, increased sales in the Netherlands, Germany and France were partially offset by lower sales of CFC inhalers in the U.K. In the U.S., HFA propellant-based Albuterol products will in 2009 constitute about 100% of the propellant inhalers market, and we have captured approximately 55% of that opportunity.

 

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All of our asthma products sold in Europe (except for beclomethasone in the United Kingdom) and in the U.S. are free of CFC propellants, which are being phased out worldwide under the Montreal Protocol, a 1987 international treaty to eliminate the production and use of ozone-depleting chemicals, and which may not be sold in the U.S. after December 31, 2008. Our current inhaler products contain the ozone-friendly propellant hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) in place of CFC.

In January 2008, we entered into a co-promotion agreement for the promotion of ProAir™ with UCB, a biopharmaceutical company with a U.S. sales force of 391 representatives. Together with our own U.S. respiratory product sales force, 621 salespeople are dedicated to promoting ProAir™ in the U.S.

Biogenerics and Biopharmaceuticals. During 2008, sales of biogeneric pharmaceuticals reached $63 million, as compared with $50 million in 2007. Most of these products are sold in markets outside the U.S. and Europe, while human growth hormone is also sold in the U.S. We intend to launch additional biopharmaceutical products in the coming years in the U.S., European and International markets.

Our acquisition of CoGenesys, Inc. in February 2008 further expanded our biopharmaceutical pipeline and provided access to albumin fusion technology enabling the development of long-acting biological drugs and additional protein-based medicines across broad therapeutic categories.

In September 2008, the European Commission’s Directorate General for Enterprise and Industry granted us a marketing authorization for our human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) product. Our product is the first biosimilar GCSF to receive a marketing authorization in the EU and is currently marketed under the brand name TevaGrastim® in Germany and Lithuania, as well as in Russia. The brand product, Neupogen® Filgrastim, had sales of approximately $300 million in the EU in the twelve months ended June 30, 2008, based on IMS sales data.

It is expected that the biopharmaceutical market will make up nearly 30% of the pharmaceutical market by 2015, up from 15% in 2006, reflecting an anticipated compound annual growth rate of 12% for the period, as compared to a compound annual growth rate of 1% for small molecule pharmaceuticals.

In 2007, our sales of biopharmaceuticals reached $50 million, as compared with $30 million in 2006.

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Sales

Overall sales of active pharmaceutical ingredients in 2008 amounted to $1,882 million, an increase of $422 million, or 29%, over 2007. Of this amount, API sales to third parties in 2008 amounted to $603 million, an increase of 7% compared to 2007. Intercompany API sales during 2008 amounted to $1,279 million, an increase of 42%, primarily as a result of a larger number of launches of vertically integrated products. The increase in third party sales is due to the growth in sales in Asia and North America.

In general, the substantially higher increase in internal sales in comparison to third party sales reflects a continued shift in opportunities of our pharmaceutical businesses and those of third parties. The high proportion of intercompany sales reflects the strategic importance of vertical integration and is one of the reasons for our high gross margins. The business environment for third party sales remained very competitive in 2008, with the main factors being increased competition from Indian and Chinese API manufacturers and ongoing consolidation of customers and competitors. We believe that our extensive API product portfolio, one of the broadest available in the industry, combined with our outstanding regulatory record and intellectual property rights, make our API division a leader in the industry.

Sales of active pharmaceutical ingredients to third parties in 2007 amounted to $561 million, a decrease of 4% over 2006. At the same time, intercompany sales of active pharmaceutical ingredients increased 21% and amounted to $899 million.

Other Income Statement Line Items

Gross Profit

Gross profit margins reached 53.8% in 2008, compared with 51.8% in 2007 and 50.7% in 2006. The higher margins in 2008 reflect the assumption of the distribution activities of Copaxone® in North America, as well as a

 

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favorable product mix, including the sale of products under exclusivity in the U.S., many of which are vertically integrated, increased sales of branded products and sales in branded markets, partially offset by foreign exchange rate impact.

Because of the Barr acquisition, we have an inventory step-up of approximately $270 million, on inventory that we expect will be consumed primarily during the first and second quarters of 2009, and our amortization of intangibles is expected to increase to an annual level of $477 million in 2009. Both of these factors will adversely affect our gross profit margins in 2009. Excluding the impact of both this inventory step-up and the amortization charges, we would expect our gross margins in 2009 to be in the range of 53%-56%.

In 2007, gross profit margins increased to 51.8%, in comparison to margins of 50.7% in 2006.

Research and Development (R&D) Expenses

Net R&D spending for 2008 grew by 35% over 2007 and reached $786 million. This amount of R&D spending represents an increase from 6.2% of net sales in 2007 to 7.1% in 2008. This higher spending rate is in accordance with our strategic decision to double our 2007 R&D output by 2012. We recorded significant increases in R&D spending in generic R&D activities as well as our biogeneric R&D, including research at Teva Biopharmaceuticals USA (formerly CoGenesys), acquired in March 2008. In addition, R&D spending increased on innovative and respiratory projects. Approximately 60% of our 2008 R&D expenditures were for generic R&D, and the balance was for our innovative products, respiratory products and biogenerics.

In 2009, our R&D expenses are expected to be between 7.0-7.5% of net sales.

Research and development expenses increased in 2007 to $581 million from $495 million in 2006, an increase of 17%.

Research and Development In-Process (IPR&D)

IPR&D write-offs in 2008 were $1,402 million and attributable to the acquisitions of Barr, CoGenesys and Bentley. IPR&D write-offs in 2006 were $1,295 million and attributable primarily to the Ivax acquisition.

Selling and Markeing (S&M)

S&M expenses in 2008 amounted to $1,842 million, an increase of 46% over 2007. As a percentage of sales, S&M expenses increased to 16.6% for 2008 from 13.4% for 2007. The increase is primarily due to our assumption of the distribution activities of Copaxone® in the U.S. and Canada as of April 1, 2008. S&M expenses are expected to increase as a percentage of sales compared to 2008 due to the fact that in 2009 we will have four full quarters of payments to Sanofi-Aventis in the U.S. and in 2008 we had only three. These payments to Sanofi-Aventis with respect to North American distribution activities will end on March 31, 2010. As with gross margins, a portion of the amortization of intangibles that result from the Barr acquisition will increase our S&M expenses in 2009. Excluding the impact of this amortization, we would expect S&M expenses in 2009 to be in the range of 16-18% of sales.

S&M expenses in 2007 amounted to $1,264 million, an increase of 23% over 2006, and as a percentage of sales, S&M expenses increased to 13.4% for 2007 from 12.2% for 2006.

General and Administrative Expenses (G&A)

G&A expenses in 2008 amounted to $669 million, an increase of 5% over 2007. As a percentage of sales, G&A expenses decreased to 6.0% for 2008 from 6.8% for 2007. The decrease is primarily due to our expense control initiative. G&A as a percentage of sales for 2009 is expected to be just under 6%.

 

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G&A expenses in 2007 amounted to $637 million, an increase of 16% over 2006, and as a percentage of sales, G&A expenses increased to 6.8% for 2007 from 6.5% for 2006.

Financial Expenses

In 2008, financial expenses amounted to $318 million, compared with expenses of $42 million during 2007. The increase in financial expenses is primarily attributable to a write-down of $343 million in the carrying value of our portfolio of auction rate securities as a result of what is considered an other than temporary reduction of the fair market value of these securities, and a write-down of other financial assets. Those write-downs were partially offset by $100 million received in connection with a settlement agreement with an institution related to our investment in auction rate securities. In addition to these items, financial expenses were impacted by a write off of approximately $40 million of other financial assets to their fair market value.

In 2009, our interest expenses are expected to increase significantly as the result of the increased borrowing levels and the reduced cash level resulting from the financing of the Barr acquisition. Interest expenses in 2009 are expected to reach a level of $200-$250 million.

Tax Rate

The provision for taxes as a percentage of pre-tax income amounted to 22% in 2008, compared with 17% in 2007 and 22% in 2006. The increase in the effective tax rate in 2008 was primarily due to IPR&D charges which are not tax deductible.

The statutory Israeli corporate tax rate was 27% in 2008 compared to 29% in 2007 and 31% in 2006. It is scheduled to further decrease to 26% in 2009 and 25% in 2010 and thereafter. However, these decreases are expected to have a relatively small impact on our provision for taxes, as our effective consolidated tax rates have historically been considerably lower, since a major portion of our income in Israel is derived from “approved enterprises” (as more fully described in “Item 10: Additional Information—Israeli Taxation” below) which benefit from reduced tax rates which have not been changed, and from certain operations outside of Israel,where we have enjoyed lower tax rates, which represent an increasingly larger portion of our consolidated taxable income.

Most of our investments in Israel were granted approved enterprise status, which confers certain tax benefits. These benefits include a long-term tax exemption for undistributed income generated by such projects, and lower rates of tax on dividends distributed from other projects, the source of which is approved enterprise income, for the periods set forth in the law, as described in “Item 10: Additional Information—Israeli Taxation.”

In the future, the effective tax rate is expected to fluctuate as a result of various factors, including statute of limitations, settlements and the constant changes in the products and geographical mix of our sales, as well as the effect of any mergers and acquisitions. Furthermore, following the acquisition of Barr, we anticipate that our effective tax rate will increase in light of Barr’s higher historical tax rate compared to ours.

Net Income and Earnings Per Share

Net income in 2008 was $635 million. The significantly lower net income in 2008 was mainly due to the Barr and CoGenesys purchase accounting write-offs, including $992 million and $382 million, respectively, related to the write-off of IPR&D. Diluted earnings per share reached $0.78 in 2008, a decrease of 67% compared to the diluted earnings per share in 2007. Net income totaled $1,952 million in 2007, as compared with $546 million in 2006—a year in which we also recorded significant IPR&D charges, in that case, as a result of the Ivax acquisition, and diluted earnings per share amounted to $2.38 and $0.69 in 2007 and 2006, respectively.

 

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During early 2007, we spent $152 million to repurchase approximately 4 million of our shares at an average price of $34.73 per share, pursuant to an authorization in November 2006 by the board of directors to repurchase up to $600 million of our securities.

The share count used for the fully diluted calculation for 2008, 2007 and 2006 was 820 million, 830 million and 805 million shares, respectively.

During 2007, the remainder of the $450 million of 0.375% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2022 ($63 million) were converted following the conversion of approximately $182 million of these debentures during 2006.

2009 Known Trends

In 2009, we expect to record the following major expenses:

 

   

An inventory step up related to inventory acquired as part of the Barr acquisition in the amount of approximately $270 million, divided mostly over the first and second quarter of 2009;

 

   

Amortization of intangible assets of approximately $475 million, a significant portion of which relates to our acquisition of Barr;

 

   

Restructuring expenses resulting from the acquisition of Barr and the integration of the Barr operations with the rest of our operations;

 

   

R&D expenses in the range of between 7.0% and 7.5% of net sales; and

 

   

Interest expenses at a level of $200-$250 million, resulting from the increased borrowing levels and the reduced cash level resulting from the financing of the Barr acquisition.

Recent global economic conditions have resulted in considerable volatility in global currency markets, with the U.S. dollar having risen quite dramatically in the fourth quarter of 2008 and early 2009 against major European and other currencies. If exchange rates in effect at the time of this filing prevail during 2009, the dollar value of our sales outside of the United States, in comparison to 2008, will be significantly diminished.

We believe that the number of shares used for our calculation of fully diluted earnings per share in 2009 should be approximately 915 million.

Supplemental Non-GAAP Income Data

The tables below present supplemental data, in U.S. dollar terms, as a percentage of sales and the increase/decrease by item as a percentage of the amount for the comparable period, after excluding the following items, net of a countervailing tax effect of $67 million related to the exclusion of such items and other taxes, which we believe facilitates an understanding of the trends underlying our business:

In 2008:

 

   

$1,402 million related to a write-off of in-process R&D, which was primarily in connection with the acquisitions of Barr and CoGenesys;

 

   

$375 million in charges relating to other than temporary impairment of financial assets (mainly auction rate securities);

 

   

$107 million in charges relating to impairment of intangible assets;

 

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$100 million income in connection with a settlement agreement with an institution related to Teva’s auction rate securities;

 

   

$17 million in charges relating to five different legal settlements, partially offset by income received from an additional settlement; and

 

   

$5 million in charges relating to an inventory step-up.

In 2007: Management considers that there were no items appropriate for adjustment in 2007.

The data so presented—after these exclusions—are the results used by management and our board of directors to evaluate the our operational performance, to compare against work plans and budgets, and ultimately to evaluate the performance of management. For example, each year we prepare detailed “work plans” for the next three succeeding fiscal years. These work plans are used to manage the business and are the plans against which management’s performance is measured. All of such plans are prepared on a basis comparable to the presentation below, in that none of the plans takes into account those elements that are factored out in our non-GAAP presentations. In addition, at quarterly meetings of the Board at which management provides financial updates to the Board, presentations are made comparing the current fiscal quarterly results against: (a) the comparable quarter of the prior year, (b) the immediately preceding fiscal quarter and (c) the work plan. Such presentations are based upon the non-GAAP approach reflected in the table below. Moreover, while there are always qualitative factors and elements of judgment involved in the granting of annual cash bonuses, the principal quantitative element in the determination of such bonuses are performance targets tied to the work plan, and thus tied to the same non-GAAP presentation as is set forth below.

In arriving at our non-GAAP presentation, we have in the past factored out items, and would expect in the future to continue to factor out items, that either have a non-recurring impact on the income statement or which, in the judgment of our management, are items that, either as a result of their nature or size, we would not expect to occur as part of our normal business on a regular basis, and that, were they not singled out, could potentially cause investors to extrapolate future performance from an improper base. While not all inclusive, examples of these items include: purchase accounting adjustments related to acquisitions, including adjustments for write-offs of R&D in-process, and inventory “step-ups” following acquisitions; restructuring charges related to efforts to rationalize and integrate operations on a global basis; material tax and other awards or settlements—both in terms of amounts paid or amounts received; impairment charges related to intangible and other assets such as intellectual property, product rights or goodwill; and the income tax effects of the foregoing types of items when they occur.

This data are non-GAAP financial measures and should not be considered replacements for GAAP results. We provide such non-GAAP data because management believes that such data provide useful information to investors. However, investors are cautioned that, unlike financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, non-GAAP measures may not be comparable with the calculation of similar measures for other companies. These non-GAAP financial measures are presented solely to permit investors to more fully understand how management assesses our performance. The limitations of using these non-GAAP financial measures as performance measures are that they provide a view of our results of operations without including all events during a period, such as the effects of acquisition, merger-related, restructuring and other charges, and may not provide a comparable view of our performance to other companies in the pharmaceutical industry.

Investors should consider non-GAAP financial measures in addition to, and not as replacements for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.

 

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    Year Ended December 31,     Percentage of Net Sales
Year Ended December 31,
    Percentage Change
Comparison
    2008     2007     2006       2008         2007         2006       2008-2007     2007-2006
   

U.S. dollars and

shares in millions

(except per share amounts)

    %     %     %     %     %

Supplemental non-GAAP income data:

           

Net sales

  11,085     9,408     8,408     100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %   18     12

Gross profit

  5,973     4,877     4,354     53.9     51.8     51.8     23     12

Income before income taxes

  2,633     2,353     2,192     23.8     25.0     26.1     12     7

Provision for income taxes

  252     397     327     2.3     4.2     3.9     (37 )   21

Effective tax rate

  10 %   17 %   15 %          

Non-GAAP net income

  2,374     1,952     1,867     21.4     20.8     22.2     22     5

Fully diluted non-GAAP earnings per share

  2.86     2.38     2.30           20     3

Weighted average number of shares

  837     830     822            

The below table provides a reconciliation of our U.S. GAAP reported results and these supplemental non-GAAP data:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2008     2007    2006  
    

U.S. dollars in millions

(except per share amounts)

 

Reported net income

   $ 635     $ 1,952    $ 546  

Purchase accounting adjustments:

       

Acquisition of research and development in process

     1,402       —        1,277  

Inventory step-up

     5       —        95  

Impairment of intangible assets and other assets

     107       —        —    

Restructuring and impairment expenses

     —         —        46  

Acquisition of research and development in process—other

     —         —        25  

Legal settlement

     17       —        50  

Settlement with an institution relating to auction rate securities

     (100 )     —        —    

Impairment of financial assets

     375       —        —    

Release of prior years’ income tax provisions, tax applicable to the above items and other taxes

     (67 )     —        (172 )
                       

Non-GAAP net income

   $ 2,374     $ 1,952    $ 1,867  
                       

Diluted earnings per share:

       

Reported ($)

     0.78       2.38      0.69  

Non-GAAP($)

     2.86       2.38      2.30  

Impact of Currency Fluctuations and Inflation

Because our results are reported in U.S. dollars, changes in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and the local currencies in the markets in which we operate (primarily the euro, pound sterling, Hungarian forint, NIS, Canadian dollar, Russian ruble and Czech koruna) affect our results. During 2008, the movements of the main currencies relevant to us, relative to the U.S. dollar, have been more significant than in previous years. The Hungarian forint, the euro and the NIS revalued against the dollar by 7%, 7% and 13%, repectively, while the pound sterling devalued against the U.S. dollar by 8%. In addition the Canadian dollar was revalued against the U.S. dollar by 1%, the Russian ruble was revalued against the U.S. dollar by 4% and the Czech koruna was revalued against the U.S. dollar by 4% (when average compared to average).

 

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While the appreciation of non-U.S. currencies contributed approximately 2% to the overall sales during 2008 in comparison with 2007 sales, we also recorded increased expenses due to these currency fluctuations and, as a result overall, changes in the exchange rates had a negative effect on our operating profit and net income.

During the fourth quarter of 2008, there was a directional change in currency movements against the U.S. dollar which continued into 2009. This shift decreased non U.S. dollar sales in the fourth quarter of 2008 and is further impacting sales in 2009.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in certain circumstances that affect the amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related footnotes. Actual results may differ from these estimates. To facilitate the understanding of our business activities, certain accounting policies that are more important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and that require management’s subjective judgments are described below. We base our judgments on our experience and on various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Please refer to Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report for a summary of all of our significant accounting policies.

Revenue Recognition and Sales Reserves and Allowances

Revenue is recognized generally when title and risk of loss for the products is transferred to the customer. Provisions for sales reserves and allowances are established concurrently with the recognition of revenue. Accordingly, and in compliance with EITF 01-9, reported net sales is presented net of those deductions. These provisions primarily relate to sales of pharmaceutical products in the North American marketplace, principally the United States. The following briefly describes the nature of each deduction and how provisions are estimated in our financial statements.

Provisions for chargebacks, returns, rebates, other promotional items and price protection provisions are included in “Sales reserves and allowances” under the heading of current liabilities on our balance sheet included in the accompanying financial statements. Prompt pay discount provisions are netted against “Accounts receivable.” We adjust these provisions in the event that it appears that the actual amounts may differ from the estimated provisions.

Chargebacks. We have arrangements with various third parties, such as managed care organizations and drug store chains, establishing prices for certain of our products. While these arrangements are made between us and the customers, the customers independently select a wholesaler from which they purchase the products. Alternatively, certain wholesalers may enter into agreements with the customers, with our concurrence, that establish the pricing for certain products which the wholesalers provide. Under either arrangement, we will issue a credit (referred to as a “chargeback”) to the wholesaler for the difference between the invoice price to the wholesaler and the customer’s contract price.

Provisions for chargebacks are the largest component of our revenue recognition process, involving estimates of contract prices across in excess of 1,000 products and multiple contracts with multiple wholesalers. The provision for chargebacks varies in relation to changes in product mix, pricing and the level of inventory at the wholesalers and therefore will not necessarily fluctuate in proportion with an increase or decrease in sales.

Provisions for estimating chargebacks are calculated using historical chargeback experience, or expected chargeback levels for new products. Chargeback provisions are compared to externally obtained distribution channel reports for reasonableness. We regularly monitor the provision for chargebacks and make adjustments when we believe that actual chargebacks may differ from estimated provisions. In addition, we consider current and expected price competition when evaluating the provision for chargebacks.

 

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Returns. Under certain conditions, the customer is able to return its purchases to us. We record a reserve for estimated sales returns in accordance with the provision of FAS 48, “Revenue Recognition When Right of Return Exists.” The returns provision is estimated by applying a historical return rate to the amounts of revenue estimated to be subject to returns. Revenue subject to returns is estimated based on the lag time from time of sale to date of return. The estimated lag time is developed by analyzing historical experience. Lag times during 2007 and 2008 were estimated at approximately 24 months from the date of sale. Additionally, we consider specific factors such as levels of inventory in the distribution channel, product dating and expiration, size and maturity of launch, entrance of new competitors, changes in formularies or packaging and any changes to customer terms for determining the overall expected levels of returns.

Shelf Stock Adjustments. The custom in the pharmaceutical industry is generally to grant customers a shelf stock adjustment based on the customers’ existing inventory contemporaneously with decreases in the market price of the related product. The most significant of these relate to products for which an exclusive or semi-exclusive period exists. Provisions for price reductions depend on future events, including price competition, new competitive launches and the level of customer inventories at the time of the price decline. We regularly monitor the competitive factors that influence the pricing of its products and customer inventory levels and adjust these estimates where appropriate.

Customer Volume Rebates. Rebates are primarily related to volume incentives and are offered to key customers to promote loyalty. These rebate programs provide that, upon the attainment of pre-established volumes or the attainment of revenue milestones for a specified period, the customer receives a rebate. Since rebates are contractually agreed upon, they are estimated based on the specific terms in each agreement. Externally obtained inventory levels are evaluated in relation to estimates made for rebates payable to indirect customers.

Medicaid and Other Governmental Rebates. Pharmaceutical manufacturers whose products are covered by the Medicaid program are required to rebate to each state a percentage of their average manufacturer’s price for the products dispensed. Many states have also implemented supplemental rebate programs that obligate manufacturers to pay rebates in excess of those required under federal law. We estimate these rebates based on historical trends of rebates paid as well as on changes in wholesaler inventory levels and increases or decreases in sales.

Other Promotional Arrangements. Other promotional or incentive arrangements are periodically offered to customers specifically related to the launch of products or other targeted promotions. Provisions are made or expenses recorded in the period for which the customer earns the incentive in accordance with the contractual terms.

Prompt Pay Discounts. Prompt pay discounts are offered to most customers to encourage timely payment. Discounts are estimated at the time of invoice based on historical discounts in relation to sales. Prompt pay discounts are almost always utilized by customers. As a result, the actual discounts do not vary significantly from the estimated amount.

 

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Sales reserves and allowances for third-party sales of pharmaceutical products to U.S. customers at December 31, 2008 and 2007 were as set forth in the below table. Such sales reserves and allowances to U.S. customers comprised over 90% of our total sales reserves and allowances as of December 31, 2008, with the balance primarily in Canada and the U.K.

 

     Sales Reserves and Allowances  
     Reserves
included in
Accounts
Receivable,
net
    Chargebacks     Returns     Rebates &
Other Sales

Reserves and
Allowances
    Total  
     (U.S. dollars in millions)  

Balance at December 31, 2006

   $ 61     $ 760     $ 212     $ 460     $ 1,493  

Provisions related to sales made in current year period

     165       2,431       106       1,075       3,777  

Provisions related to sales made in prior periods

     9       30       8       2       49  

Credits and payments

     (139 )     (2,521 )     (104 )     (900 )     (3,664 )
                                        

Balance at December 31, 2007

   $ 96     $ 700     $ 222     $ 637     $ 1,655  
                                        

Acquisition of Barr

     15       106       116       144       381  

Provisions related to sales made in current year period

     213       3,022       155       1,508       4,898  

Provisions related to sales made in prior periods

     (4 )     20       (10 )     (32 )     (26 )

Credits and payments

     (189 )     (2,758 )     (107 )     (1,163 )     (4,217 )
                                        

Balance at December 31, 2008

   $ 131     $ 1,090     $ 376     $ 1,094     $ 2,691  
                                        

Rebates & Other Sales Reserves and Allowances include rebates for both customer programs and government, shelf stock adjustments and other promotional programs. Rebates represent the majority of the reserve. Other sales reserves which were not rebates represented 6% of the total reserve balance on both December 31, 2008 and 2007, and 3% and 6% of the total provisions for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

Reserves for the year ended December 31, 2008 increased by approximately $1,036 million. The most significant increase was related to the incorporation of the Barr reserves of approximately $381 million. The chargeback reserve, excluding the impact of Barr acquisition, increased by approximately $284 million over the December 31, 2007 reserve. Since chargeback reserves are calculated on a product and customer basis, changes may not appear to be directly reflective of the overall change in net sales due to a change in any one variable. Rebates and other sales reserves, excluding the impact of the Barr acquisition, have increased by approximately $312 million. The increase is primarily related to the following: approximately $75 million due to the transition of Copaxone® distribution activities, where previously these reserves were recorded by Sanofi-Aventis; approximately $159 million due to an increase in managed care and Medicaid rebates associated with ProAir HFATM ; and the remainder due to growth in generic sales and an increase in price protection related to the significant launches with exclusivity. The conversion of CFC to HFA has led to greater utilization of managed care, Medicaid rebates and retail rebates.

Actual inventory on hand with our customers may be higher or lower due to differences between actual and projected demand. We monitor inventory levels to minimize risk of excess quantities. As is customary in the industry, we may provide additional incentives to wholesalers for the purchase of certain inventory items or in relation to wholesale trade shows. Revenue is recognized for sales associated with the incentives and launches, in accordance with the criteria in Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 104: primarily whether the product ownership was transferred to the customer and whether provisions for sales deductions, such as chargebacks, returns, rebates, promotional and other incentives and price adjustments, can be reasonably estimated.

 

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Expenses in Connection with Collaboration Agreements

Expenses incurred in relation to third party cooperation arrangements, including certain litigation settlements, are recorded and generally included in cost of sales where the third party is a supplier of product or related product components. In other cases, payments are generally considered marketing costs and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Income Taxes

The provision for income tax is calculated based on our assumptions as to our entitlement to various benefits under the applicable tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate. The entitlement to such benefits depends upon our compliance with the terms and conditions set out in these laws.

FIN 48 requires that tax benefits recognized in the financial statements must be at least more likely than not of being sustained based on technical merits. The amount of benefits recorded for these positions is measured as the largest benefit more likely than not to be sustained. Significant judgment is required in making these determinations.

Deferred taxes are determined utilizing the asset and liability method based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial accounting and tax bases of assets and liabilities under the applicable tax laws. Valuation allowances are provided if, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Taxes, which would apply in the event of disposal of investments in subsidiaries, have not been taken into account in computing deferred taxes, as it is our intention to hold these investments, rather than realize them.

We intend to permanently reinvest the amounts of tax exempt income derived from our status as an Approved Enterprise in Israel and do not intend to declare dividend distributions from such income. Therefore, no deferred taxes have been provided in respect of such tax exempt income.

Since we do not expect non-Israeli subsidiaries to distribute taxable dividends in the foreseeable future, we do not provide for related taxes.

Contingencies

We are from time to time subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business, including patent, product liability and other litigation. In determining whether liabilities should be recorded for pending litigation claims, we assess the allegations made and the likelihood that we will be able to defend against the claim successfully. When we believe that it is probable that we will not prevail in a particular matter, we estimate the amount of liability based in part on advice of legal counsel.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined as follows: raw and packaging materials and purchased products—mainly on a “moving average” basis; finished products and products in process; raw material and packaging component—mainly on a “moving average” basis; labor and overhead—on an average basis over the production period.

Our inventories generally have a limited shelf life and are subject to impairment as they approach their expiration dates. We regularly evaluate the carrying value of our inventories and when, in our opinion, factors indicate that impairment has occurred, we establish a reserve against the inventories’ carrying value. Our determination that a valuation reserve might be required, in addition to the quantification of such reserve, requires us to utilize significant judgment. Although we make every effort to ensure the accuracy of forecasts of future product demand, any significant unanticipated decreases in demand could have a material impact on the carrying value of our inventories and reported operating results. To date, inventory adjustments have not been material.

 

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Valuation of Intangible Assets, Marketable Securities and Long-Lived Assets

Intangible assets

Goodwill reflects the excess of the purchase price of subsidiaries acquired over the fair value of net assets acquired. Pursuant to FAS 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” goodwill is not amortized but rather is tested annually for impairment.

Intangible assets consist mainly of marketing and other rights relating to products in respect of which an approval for marketing was provided by the FDA or an equivalent agency. Intangible assets are amortized mainly using the straight-line method over their estimated period of useful life. In conjunction with acquisitions of businesses or product rights, we allocate the purchase price based upon the relative fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. In certain circumstances, fair value may be assigned to purchased in-process technology and expensed immediately.

We regularly assess whether indefinite life intangibles and goodwill have been impaired and will adjust the carrying values of these assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that some or all of the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Our judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on legal factors, market conditions and operating performances of our businesses and products. Future events could cause us to conclude that impairment indicators exist and that the carrying values of our intangible assets or goodwill are impaired. Any resulting impairment loss could have a material adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations. No impairment losses relating to goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets have been recorded to date.

We evaluate the recoverability and measure the possible impairment of goodwill under FAS 142. The impairment test is a two-step process that begins with the estimation of the fair value of the reporting unit. The first step screens for potential impairment, and the second step measures the amount of the impairment, if any. Our estimate of fair value considers publicly available information regarding the market capitalization of the company, as well as (1) publicly available information regarding comparable publicly traded companies in the pharmaceutical industry, (2) the financial projections and future prospects of our business, including its growth opportunities and likely operational improvements, and (3) comparable sales prices, if available. As part of the first step to assess potential impairment, we compare, on an operating unit level, our estimate of fair value for such operating unit to the book value of the operating unit. If the book value of any of the operating units is greater than the estimate of its fair value, we would then proceed to the second step to measure the impairment, if any. The second step measures the amount of impairment by comparing the implied fair value of goodwill with its carrying value. Such implied fair value is determined by allocating the fair value of the operating unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit as if the operating unit had been acquired in a business combination and the fair value of the reporting unit was the purchase price paid to acquire the operating unit. The excess of the fair value of the operating unit over the amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. If the carrying amount of the operating unit’s goodwill is greater than its implied fair value, an impairment loss will be recognized in the amount of the excess.

We have selected December 31 as the date on which to perform our annual impairment test for goodwill and other indefinite life intangible assets.

Marketable securities

Marketable securities consist mainly of debt securities classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value. The fair value of such securities is based on current market value. When securities do not have an active market, as in the case of auction rate securities since mid-2007, the fair value is determined using a valuation model. This model is based on reference to other instruments with similar characteristics, or a discounted cash flow analysis, or other pricing models making use of market inputs and relying as little as possible on entity-specific inputs. Changes in fair value, net of taxes, are reflected in other comprehensive income. Unrealized losses considered to be temporary are reflected in other comprehensive income; unrealized losses that are considered to be other-than-temporary are charged to income as an impairment charge.

 

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Long-lived assets

We test long-lived assets, including definite life intangible assets, for impairment in the event an indication of impairment exists. If the sum of expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) of the long-lived assets is less than the carrying amount of such assets, an impairment would be recognized and the assets would be written down to their estimated fair values, based on expected future discounted cash flows.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

On November 14, 2007, the FASB agreed to a one-year deferral for the implementation of SFAS No. 157 for non-financial assets and liabilities. The Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS No. 157 for non-financial assets and liabilities on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2008, the FASB ratified EITF issue No. 08-07, “Accounting for Defensive Intangible Assets” (EITF 08-7). EITF 08-7 gives guidance for accounting for defensive intangible assets subsequent to their acquisition in accordance with SFAS No. 141R and SFAS No. 157, including the estimated useful life that should be assigned to such assets. EITF 08-7 is effective for intangible assets acquired on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently assessing the impact of EITF 08-7 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP 132(R)-1, “Employers’ Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets” (FSP 132(R)-1). FSP 132(R)-1 provides guidance on an employer’s disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. FSP 132(R)-1 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009. The adoption of this pronouncement will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In May 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position No. APB 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement)” (the “FSP”), which clarifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash (including partial cash settlement) upon conversion. The FSP requires issuers to account separately for the liability and equity components of certain convertible debt instruments in a manner that reflects the issuer’s nonconvertible debt (unsecured debt) borrowing rate when interest cost is recognized. The FSP requires bifurcation of a component of the debt, classification of that component in equity and the accretion of the resulting discount on the debt to be recognized as part of interest expense in our consolidated statement of operations. The FSP requires retroactive application to the terms of instruments as they existed for all periods presented. The FSP is effective for us as of January 1, 2009, and early adoption is not permitted. The adoption of this FSP will primarily affect the accounting for the Company’s 0.25% Senior Convertible Debentures due 2026 and 1.75% Senior Convertible Debentures due 2026 and will result in increased interest expense of approximately $28 million in 2009, and a negligible effect on diluted earnings per share. The retroactive application of this FSP to years 2006 through 2008 will result in increased annual interest expense of approximately $47 million, $54 million and $30 million in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets” (“FSP 142-3”). FSP 142-3 amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions on legal and contractual provisions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” FSP 142-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently assessing the impact of FSP 142-3 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (“SFAS No. 161”), as an amendment to SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” SFAS No. 161 requires that objectives for using derivative instruments be disclosed in terms of underlying risk and accounting designation. The fair value of derivative instruments and their gains and

 

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losses will need to be presented in tabular format in order to present a more complete picture of the effects of using derivative instruments. SFAS No. 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this pronouncement.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“FAS 141R”). FAS 141R provides revised guidance on how acquirers recognize and measure the consideration, identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, contingencies, non-controlling interests and goodwill acquired in a business combination, and expands disclosure requirements surrounding the nature and financial effects of business combinations. Key changes include: acquired in-process research and development will no longer be expensed on acquisition, but capitalized and assessed for impairment where relevant and amortized over its useful life; acquisition costs will be expensed as incurred; restructuring costs will generally be expensed in periods after the acquisition date; the consideration in shares would be valued at the closing date; and in the event that a deferred tax valuation allowance relating to a business acquisition, including from prior years, is subsequently reduced, the adjustment will be recognized in the statement of income. Early adoption is not permitted. As applicable to Teva, this statement will be effective, on a prospective basis, as of the year beginning January 1, 2009. The Company believes that the initial adoption of FAS 141R will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. However, if the Company consummates business combinations after the adoption of FAS No. 141R this could significantly impact the consolidated financial statements as compared to prior acquisitions which were accounted for under existing GAAP requirements, due to the changes described above.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin 51” (“FAS 160”), which establishes accounting and reporting standards for non-controlling interests in a subsidiary and deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Early adoption is not permitted. As applicable to Teva, this statement will be effective as of the year beginning January 1, 2009. The adoption of FAS 160 will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

On December 31, 2008, our working capital was $2.9 billion, compared to $4.5 billion at December 31, 2007. The devaluation of non-U.S. dollar currencies relative to the U.S. dollar in the latter part of 2008 reduced the various working capital items. Overall, the weakened currencies reduced working capital by $271 million. Cash, cash equivalents and short- and long-term investments decreased by $1.2 billion, reflecting mainly the acquisition of Barr as well as the decrease of our carrying value for our auction rate securities. Accounts receivables increased by $1.1 billion, representing mainly the inclusion of Barr. Inventories increased by $956 million, in large part due to an effort to increase service levels in an effort to improve our ability to meet customer requirements for products that may have otherwise been in short supply and our ability to promptly respond to our customers’ special requests, and due to the inclusion of Barr’s inventories in our balance sheet. Total current liabilities increased by $3.1 billion, reflecting a net increase in short-term credit of $1.1 billion, in connection with the bridge financing of the Barr acquisition and an increase in accounts payable and accruals of $2 billion.

In December 2008, we drew down an aggregate of $1.75 billion in bridge loan facilities with Bank Hapoalim B.M. and Bank Leumi USA, which will mature in November 2009. The proceeds of the loans were used toward funding our Barr acquisition. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. is the borrower under the facilities, which we have guaranteed.

In October 2008, Barr amended its unsecured credit facilities with Bank of America to permit them to remain in place following the consummation of our acquisition of Barr. The facilities have outstanding balances of approximately $1.9 billion that mature on dates from 2011 until 2013, mainly in 2011. An additional revolving credit facility of $280 million is unutilized. As part of the amendments, effective upon closing, Teva has guaranteed the obligations of the borrowers under the facilities.

 

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In December 2008, we signed a financing agreement with the European Investment Bank (EIB) under which we received €200 million in January 2009 to invest in our European generic and biogeneric R&D activities amounting to at least €400 million over the next four years.

Shareholders’ equity on December 31, 2008 reached $16.3 billion, up by $2.6 billion from December 31, 2007. Most of the increase represents the issuance of shares in connection with the Barr acquisition.

As of December 31, 2008, we held auction rate securities with a principal amount of $450 million, compared with $655 million held on December 31, 2007. The change resulted primarily from the sale of $218 million principal amount of such securities. Auction rate securities are long-term securities with maturities ranging from 10 to 40 years and were designed to offer liquidity through an auction, generally every 28 days. The uncertainties in the credit markets have resulted in unsuccessful auctions for the auction rate securities that we hold. Consequently, the interest on these securities was increased as per their terms, and the securities were reclassified as long-term. As auctions for these securities have not been held since mid-2007 and due to a downgrade in rating of certain of these securities, we reassessed their fair market value as of December 31, 2008. Based on a valuation model the fair value of these securities was reduced by approximately $352 million on an accumulated basis, of which $343 million is considered “other than temporary” and thus charged in 2008 to earnings under finance expenses. $9 million is recorded as a balance sheet item under Other Comprehensive Income. As a result, the value at which we carry our auction rate securities at December 31, 2008 amounted to $98 million, which represents approximately 5% of our cash and marketable securities.

During 2008, days sales in inventory (which has been calculated excluding the impact of the Barr acquisition), which began the year at approximately 176 days, increased to 206 days at the end of 2008. The primary reason for the increase is higher inventories of finished goods in an effort to improve customer service. The “days sales outstanding” (“DSO”) reached 51 days in December 2008 compared with 63 days as of December 31, 2007, primarily due to the pantoprazole sales in late December 2007, which resulted in a significantly higher level of receivables. The DSO calculation is made on a net basis after netting out provisions for sales returns and allowances from account receivables in the amount of $2.7 billion for December 2008 and $1.73 billion for December 2007. A net DSO calculation is presented in order to facilitate a more meaningful comparison with similar calculations by our peers. The account payables days decreased from 44 days in 2007 to 43 days in 2008.

Cash generated by operations for 2008 amounted to $3.23 billion, as compared with $1.81 billion in 2007, representing mainly the high net income generated during 2008 excluding the write-off of research and development in process and other items as mentioned above. In addition, high sales of products towards the end of 2007 resulted in increased cash generation in the beginning of 2008. Investment in fixed assets in 2008 amounted to $681 million, an increase of 26%, compared to $542 million in the previous year. Depreciation in 2008 and 2007 represented 45% and 50% of the total investment in fixed assets, respectively.

Among the more significant capital expenditures during 2008 were further investments in our new pharmaceutical facility in Jerusalem, the expansion of our API facility in southern Israel and our API plants in India and Hungary, and the deployment of modernized information systems, including the continued roll-out of the new enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system in Israel and worldwide. In general, these investments are intended to enable us to face future challenges and capture future opportunities.

During 2008, we paid $388 million in dividends, compared to $299 million in 2007. During 2007, we spent $152 million to repurchase approximately 4 million of our shares, as compared with no repurchases in 2008.

We announced a dividend for the fourth quarter of 2008 of NIS 0.60 (14.7 cents as per the rate of exchange on February 16, 2009) per share, representing an increase from NIS 0.45 (12.6 cents), which is the average of the dividends declared for each of the first three quarters of 2008. Actual payment of dividends for the fourth quarter of 2008, which is expected to take place on March 12, 2009, will be made with respect to ADSs on the basis of the USD—NIS exchange rate as of March 9, 2009.

 

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Cash flow from operations, net of capital investments and dividends paid, amounted to $2,223 million in 2008, compared to $1,013 million in 2007. This net increase is mainly due to the increase in cash flow from operations.

In addition to financing obligations as reflected by short-term debt and long-term senior notes and loans, debentures and convertible debentures, our major contractual obligations and commercial commitments include leases, royalty payments and participation in joint ventures associated with research and development activities.

We are committed to pay royalties to owners of know-how, partners in alliances and certain other arrangements and to parties that financed research and development, at rates ranging mainly from 0.5% to 10% of sales of certain products, as defined in the agreements. In some cases, the royalty period is not defined; in other cases, royalties will be paid over various periods not exceeding 20 years, commencing on the date of the first royalty payment.

We have also undertaken to pay royalties to the Government of Israel, at the rates of 2.0% to 5.0% of sales relating to certain products, the development of which was funded by the Office of the Chief Scientist. The royalties due to the Government are linked to the amount of participation, in dollar terms (in respect of research grants commencing in 1999—with the addition of dollar LIBOR interest). At the time the grants were received, successful development of the related projects was not assured. In the case of failure of a project that was partly financed as above, we will not be obligated to pay any such royalties. The maximum amount of the contingent liability in respect to royalties to the Government as of December 31, 2008 amounted to approximately $12 million.

In connection with certain development, supply and marketing, and research and collaboration or services agreements, we are required to indemnify, in unspecified amounts, the parties to such agreements against third-party claims relating to (1) infringement or violation of intellectual property or other rights of such third party; or (2) damages to users of the related products. As of December 31, 2008, we are not aware of any material pending infringement action that may result in the counterparties to these agreements claiming such indemnification.

Certain of our loan agreements and debentures contain restrictive covenants, mainly the requirement to maintain certain financial ratios. We currently meet all applicable financial ratios.

Our principal sources of short-term liquidity are existing cash and investments in liquid securities, as well as internally generated funds, which we believe are sufficient to meet our operating needs and anticipated capital expenditures over the near term. Our existing cash is generally invested in liquid securities that bear fixed and floating interest rates.

In connection with the acquisition of Barr, we issued approximately 69 million additional shares in December 2008. In addition, we used $2.6 billion of our existing cash resources, together with a total of $1.75 billion in proceeds from bridge facilities, to pay the cash portion of the purchase price for the acquisition of Barr. The facilities will mature in November 2009.

Trend Information

Please see “Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and “Item 4. Information on the Company” for trend information.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 5.E of the instructions to Form 20-F.

 

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Aggregate Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2008:

 

     Payment due by period  
     Total    Less than
1 year
   1-3 years     3-5 years     More than
5 years
 
     (U.S. dollars in millions)  

Long-term debt obligations, including estimated interest

   $ 8,547    $ 415    $ 4,265 *   $ 848 **   $ 3,019 ***

Operating lease obligations

     297      69      114       42       172  

Purchase obligations (including purchase orders)

     1,250      1,246      4       —         —    
                                      

Total

   $ 10,094    $ 1,730    $ 4,383     $ 890     $ 3,091  
                                      

 

* Includes $619 million of 0.25% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2024, with a first redemption date of February 1, 2010, $813.5 million of 1.75% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2026, with a first redemption date of February 1, 2011, $575 million of 0.25% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2026 with a redemption date of February 1, 2011 and $1,490 million of the debt assumed in connection with the Barr acquisition.
** Includes $450 million of 0.5% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2024, with a first redemption date of February 1, 2014.
*** Includes $487 million of 5.55% Senior Notes due 2016 and $993 million of 6.15% Senior Notes due 2036.

We adopted FIN 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” as of January 1, 2007. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions was $631 million at December 31, 2008. Payment of these obligations would result from settlements with taxing authorities. Due to the difficulty in determining the timing of settlements, FIN 48 obligations are not included in the above table. We do not expect a significant tax payment related to these obligations within the next year.

 

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ITEM 6: DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

Directors and Senior Management

The following tables set forth information as to the executive officers and directors of Teva as of February 2, 2009:

Executive Officers

 

Name

   Age    Officer
Since
  

Position

Shlomo Yanai

   56    2007   

President and Chief Executive Officer

Isaac Abravanel

   54    2007   

Corporate Vice President—Human Resources

Eyal Desheh

   56    2008   

Chief Financial Officer

Chaim Hurvitz (1)

   48    1995   

Group Vice President—International

Prof. Itzhak Krinsky

   56    2005   

Corporate Vice President—Business Development

Moshe Manor

   53    1995   

Group Vice President—Global Branded Products

William S. Marth

   54    2005   

President and Chief Executive Officer—Teva North America and President and CEO—Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.

Dr. Gerard Van Odijk

   51    2006   

Group Vice President—Europe and President and CEO—Teva Pharmaceuticals Europe B.V.

Eli Shohet

   52    1999   

Chief Integration Officer

Dr. Ben-Zion Weiner

   64    1986   

Chief R&D Officer

Aharon Yaari

   57    2002   

Group Vice President—Teva Generic Systems

Ron Grupel

   58    1993   

Internal Auditor

Uzi Karniel

   66    1979   

Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary

Directors

 

Name

   Age    Director
Since
   Term
Ends

Eli Hurvitz—Chairman (l)(2)

   76    1968    2011

Dr. Phillip Frost—Vice Chairman

   72    2006    2009

Roger Abravanel

   63    2007    2009

Ruth Cheshin (2)

   72    1989    2011

Abraham E. Cohen

   72    1992    2010

Amir Elstein

   53    2009    2010

Prof. Meir Heth

   76    1977    2009

Prof. Roger Kornberg

   61    2007    2010

Prof. Moshe Many

   80    1987    2010

Dr. Leora (Rubin) Meridor (3)

   61    2002    2011

Joseph Nitzani (3)

   61    2008    2011

Dan Propper

   67    2007    2010

Dov Shafir

   77    1969    2009

David Shamir

   48    2004    2009

Ory Slonim

   65    2008    2011

 

(1) Eli Hurvitz is the father of Chaim Hurvitz, Teva’s Group Vice President-International.
(2) Ruth Cheshin and Eli Hurvitz are sister and brother-in-law.
(3) Statutory independent director elected in accordance with the Israeli Companies Law.

 

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Executive Officers

Shlomo Yanai has been the President and Chief Executive Officer of Teva since March 2007. Prior to joining Teva, Mr. Yanai was President and Chief Executive Officer of Makhteshim-Agan Industries Ltd. from 2003 until 2006. Before joining Makhteshim-Agan, Mr. Yanai served in the Israel Defense Forces (the “IDF”) for 32 years, where he achieved the rank of Major General, the highest rank below Chief of Staff, and successively held two of the most senior positions within the IDF: Commanding Officer of the Southern Command and Head of the Division of Strategic Planning. Mr. Yanai was the head of the Israeli security delegation to the peace talks at Camp David, Shepherdstown and Wye River. Mr. Yanai was a board member of Bank Leumi Le-Israel Ltd. from 2004 until 2007 and of Lycord Natural Products Industries (a wholly owned subsidiary of Makhteshim-Agan) from 2003 until 2008. Mr. Yanai is a member of the International Advisory Board of the M.B.A. program of Ben-Gurion University and an honorary member of the Board of the Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center’s Institute for Policy and Strategy. Mr. Yanai has received numerous awards, among them the Israel Defense Forces Distinguished Service Medal in 1973, the Max Perlman Award for Excellence in Global Business Management in 2005 and the Dun & Bradstreet Leadership Excellence Award in 2006. Mr. Yanai received a B.A. in political science and economics from Tel Aviv University and an M.P.A. in national resources management from George Washington University, and is a graduate of the Advanced Management Program of the Harvard Business School.

Isaac Abravanel joined Teva in September 2007 as Corporate Vice President—Human Resources. From 2005 to 2007, he was Deputy CEO of Bezeq Israel Telecommunications Co. Ltd., responsible for operations, the business sector, the private sector, and human resources, and from 2001 to 2005, was the Senior VP of Operations & Customer Service at Pelephone Communications Ltd. From 1998 to 2000, he held the position of Executive Director of Israel’s Association of Chambers of Commerce. Mr. Abravanel retired from the IDF in 1998 after serving as head of the Planning Division of the Human Resources Branch of the IDF. Mr. Abravanel holds a B.A. and an M.A. in political science from Haifa University.

Eyal Desheh became Chief Financial Officer in July 2008. From 2000 until 2008, he was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. Prior to joining Check Point, Mr. Desheh served as Chief Financial Officer of Scitex Corporation Ltd. Before joining Scitex, he held a number of finance management and business development roles at Teva, including, from 1989 to 1995, the position of Deputy CFO. Mr. Desheh holds a bachelor’s degree in Economics and an MBA in Finance, both from the Hebrew University.

Chaim Hurvitz has served as Group Vice President—International since April 2002. He was President and CEO of Teva Pharmaceuticals Europe from 2001 to 2002 and Vice President—Israeli Pharmaceutical Sales from May 1999 until April 2002. He served as President and CEO of Teva Pharmaceuticals Europe, B.V. from 1995 to 1999. From 1993 to 1995, he was the General Manager of Teva’s European Office in The Netherlands and from 1991 to 1992, he was the head of the pharmaceutical and OTC departments of Abic Ltd., a Teva subsidiary. He received his B.A. in political science and economics from Tel Aviv University in 1985.

Prof. Itzhak Krinsky joined Teva as Corporate Vice President for Business Development in May 2005. Prior to joining Teva, Prof. Krinsky was a managing director with The Silverfern Group, Inc. from January 2003 until February 2005 and until joining Teva, he was a managing director with Trenwith Securities, LLC, both investment banking boutiques in New York City. From July 2001 until December 2002, Prof. Krinsky was a managing director of I. Krinsky, Financial & Investment Consulting in New York City and, from January 1998 until May 2001, a senior strategist with the Investment Banking Research and Strategy Group of Bankers Trust and later a managing director in the Acquisition and Corporate Advisory Group of Deutsche Bank Securities in New York City. Prof. Krinsky’s academic career includes a position as Professor of Finance & Business Economics, Michael G. DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada, as well as extensive publications in leading academic journals. He received his B.A and M.A. in economics from Tel Aviv University in 1976 and 1978, respectively, and his Ph.D. in economics from McMaster University in 1983.

 

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Moshe Manor became Group Vice President—Global Branded Products in January 2009 after serving as Group Vice President—Global Innovative Resources since January 2006. Mr. Manor was Vice President— Global Products Division from 2002 until January 2006. Previously, he was Vice President of Strategic Product Planning from 2000 to 2002 and Vice President Israel Pharmaceutical Sales from 1995 to 2000. He was the General Manager of Teva-labeled products in Israel from 1993 to 1994 and Marketing Director of the Israeli Pharmaceutical Division from 1989 to 1993. He received his B.A. in economics from the Hebrew University in 1982 and his M.B.A. from Tel Aviv University in 1985.

William S. Marth has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Teva North America since January 21, 2008 and as President and Chief Executive Officer of Teva USA since January 2005. He was previously Executive Vice President of Teva USA from January 2002 to January 2005. From July 1999 to January 2002, he was Vice President of Sales and Marketing for Teva USA. Prior to joining Teva USA, he held various positions with the Apothecon division of Bristol-Myers Squibb. On February 2008, Mr. Marth was elected Chairman of the Generic Pharmaceutical Association where he is also a member of the executive committee. Mr. Marth received his B.Sc. in pharmacy from the University of Illinois in 1977 and his M.B.A. in 1989 from the Keller Graduate School of Management in Chicago, Illinois. Mr. Marth serves on various boards and committees, including the executive committee of the Generic Pharmaceutical Association.

Dr. Gerard W.M. Van Odijk joined Teva as Group Vice President—Europe and President and CEO of Teva Pharmaceutical Europe B.V. in January 2006. Over the previous 18 years, he held a variety of senior positions in Europe at Glaxo, GlaxoWellcome and GlaxoSmithKline and served in commercial and general management positions in France, the United Kingdom and The Netherlands. Prior to joining Teva, Dr. Van Odijk was Senior Vice President and Area Director of GlaxoSmithKline Northern Europe. He received his M.D. from the State University of Utrecht in 1987.

Eli Shohet has been with Teva since 1986. Since August 2008, Mr. Shohet has been Chief Integration Officer in connection with the Barr acquisition. He was previously Chief Economist and assistant to Teva’s CEO from 1989 to 1993, president of Plantex USA from 1993 to 1996, director of Business Development for Teva’s API division from 1996 to 1999, Vice President of Business Development from 1999 until 2006, Vice President of the Central and Eastern Europe Region (CEE) from 2006 until 2008 and Senior Vice President—Europe responsible for regional markets during 2008. He received his B.A. in economics from Bar-Ilan University in 1986.

Dr. Ben-Zion Weiner has been with Teva since 1975. In January 2006, Dr. Weiner became Chief R&D Officer. Dr. Weiner was Vice President—Global Products from April 2002 until January 2006, and Vice President—Research and Development from 1986 to 2002. In 1975, Dr. Weiner received a Ph.D. in chemistry from the Hebrew University, where he also received B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees. He conducted his post-doctorate research at Schering-Plough Corporation in the United States. He was granted the Rothschild Prize for Innovation/Export twice, in 1989 for the development of Alpha D3 for dialysis and osteoporosis patients and in 1999 for the development of Copaxone® for multiple sclerosis.

Aharon Yaari became Group Vice President—Teva Generic Systems in February 2009 after serving as Group Vice President—Global API division since January 2006. Previously, he was Vice President—Global API Division from 2002 until 2006. Mr. Yaari joined Teva in 1981, and among his various assignments at Teva served as Vice President—Marketing and Sales of Teva’s API Division from 1999 to 2002 and as President of Plantex USA from 1996 to 1999. He received (cum laude) his B.A. and M.A. in economics from the Hebrew University in 1981 and 1988, respectively.

Ron Grupel has been the Internal Auditor of Teva since 1993. He received his B.A. in economics and accounting in 1975 and his M.B.A. in 1979 from Tel Aviv University.

Uzi Karniel has served as Chief Legal Officer of Teva since 1971 and as Teva’s Corporate Secretary since 1978. He received his LL.B from the Hebrew University in 1969. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the Israeli Association of Publicly Traded Companies.

 

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Directors

Eli Hurvitz has served as Chairman of the Board of Teva since April 2002. Previously, he served as Teva’s President and Chief Executive Officer for over 25 years. He is Chairman of the Board of Pontifax Management (G.P.) Ltd. and Protalix Biotherapeutics Inc. and a director of Vishay Intertechnology Inc. He served as Chairman of the Israel Export Institute from 1974 through 1977 and as the President of the Israel Manufacturers Association from 1981 through 1986. He recently completed a six-year term as the Chairman of the Board of the Israel Democracy Institute. He received his B.A. in economics and business administration from the Hebrew University in 1957. Mr. Hurvitz has been determined by the Board to be a financial and accounting expert under Israeli law.

Dr. Phillip Frost has served as Vice Chairman of the Board of Teva since January 2006 and as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of IVAX from 1987 until 2006. He was also President of IVAX from 1991 until 1995. Dr. Frost presently is the Chairman of the Board and CEO of OPKO Health, Inc., a specialty pharmaceutical company, and Chairman of the Board of Ladenburg Thalmann Financial Services. Dr. Frost is a director of Northrop Grumman Corporation, Continucare Corporation Inc. and Modigene Inc. Within the past five years, Dr. Frost has also served as a director of Protalix BioTherapeutics, Inc., Castle Brands, Inc. and Cellular Technical Services, as Chairman of IVAX Diagnostics, Inc. and as co-Vice Chairman of the Board of Governors of the American Stock Exchange. He is a life member, and former Chairman, of the Board of Trustees of the University of Miami, a member of the Board of Trustees of The Scripps Research Institute and a member of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Frost received a B.A. in French literature from the University of Pennsylvania in 1957 and an M.D. from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in 1961.

Roger Abravanel joined Teva’s Board in January 2007, following his retirement from McKinsey & Company in June 2006. Mr. Abravanel joined McKinsey in 1972 and became a principal in 1979 and a Director in 1984. He held many leadership positions in industry practice groups including the specialty chemicals/pharmaceuticals practice. Mr. Abravanel currently serves as an advisor to several public and private Italian institutions, including private equity funds in Israel and Italy, and including the Association of Business Leaders. Mr. Abravanel has been a member of the Supervisory Board of Teva Pharmaceuticals Europe B.V. since June 2006 and serves as a director of Luxottica Group S.p.A., Banca Nazionale del Lavoro, a subsidiary of BNP Paribas, and the Italian Institute of Technology. Mr. Abravanel graduated with a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering at the Politecnic University in Milan in 1968 and received an M.B.A. from INSEAD in 1972.

Ruth Cheshin is the President of the Jerusalem Foundation, a multi-national organization which raises funds around the world for the creation of social, educational, cultural and coexistence projects for all the citizens of Jerusalem. Ms. Cheshin is also an active member of many of the city’s most important boards.

Abraham E. Cohen was Senior Vice President of Merck & Co. from 1982 to 1992 and served as President of the Merck Sharp & Dohme International Division from 1977 to 1988. Since his retirement in January 1992, Mr. Cohen has been active as an international business consultant. He served as a director of Akzo Nobel NV until 2007. He is presently a director of Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. U.S.A., Neurobiological Technologies, Inc. and Vasomedical, Inc.

Amir Elstein rejoined Teva’s Board in January 2009. From 2004 to 2008, Mr. Elstein was a member of Teva’s senior management, where most recently he held the position of Executive Vice President, Global Pharmaceutical Resources. From 1995 to 2004, Mr. Elstein served on the Company’s board of directors. Prior to joining Teva in 2004, Mr. Elstein held a number of executive positions at Intel Corporation, most recently as General Manager of Intel Electronics Ltd., an Israeli subsidiary of Intel Corporation. Mr. Elstein serves as Chairman of the Board of Tower Semiconductor Ltd, as a director of Israel Corporation Ltd. and as Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Jerusalem College of Engineering. Mr. Elstein also serves as a member of the board in a variety of academic, scientific, educational, social and cultural institutes. Mr. Elstein holds a B.Sc. in Physics and Mathematics from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, an M.Sc. in Solid State Physics from the Department of Applied Physics of the Hebrew University and a diploma of Senior Business Management from the Hebrew University.

 

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Prof. Meir Heth has served on Teva’s Board since 1977 and as Chairman of the Board from 1994 to 2002. During his tenure on Teva’s Board, Prof. Heth served as Chairman of the Executive Committee for an extended period. Prof. Heth has served as Chairman of the Board of Bank Leumi Le-Israel Ltd. and as Chairman of Bank Leumi Trust Company of New York from 1987 to 1988. From 1978 to 1986, Prof. Heth was Chairman of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. Prof. Heth served at The Bank of Israel beginning in 1962 in various positions, including Senior Economist from 1962 to 1968, Supervisor of Banks from 1969 to 1975 and Senior Advisor to the Governor from 1975 to 1977. Prof. Heth was a Professor at the Law School of the College of Management until 2008. He is a director of Nilit Ltd. and is active on the boards of several non-profit organizations. Between 1995 and 2007, he was Chairman of Psagot Ofek Investment House Ltd. Prof. Heth has been designated as the financial expert on Teva’s audit committee for the purposes of SEC regulations and was determined by the Board to be a financial and accounting expert under Israeli law. Prof. Heth is also the Chairman of the executive sessions of the Board.

Prof. Roger D. Kornberg is the Winzer Professor in Medicine in the Department of Structural Biology at Stanford University, where he has been a professor since 1978. Prior to joining Stanford, he was a professor at Harvard Medical School. Prof. Kornberg received a B.A. degree from Harvard in 1967 and a Ph.D. degree in chemistry from Stanford in 1972. He has received many awards, including the Welch Prize (2001), the highest award in chemistry in the United States, the Leopold Mayer Prize (2002), the highest award in biomedical sciences of the French Academy of Sciences, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2006). He is a recipient of honorary degrees from universities in Europe and Israel, including the Hebrew University, where he is a visiting professor. He is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and an honorary member of other academies and professional societies in the United States, Europe and Japan. Prof. Kornberg has served since 2008 as a director of Protalix BioTherapeutics, Inc. and of Cocrystal Discovery, Inc. (a private company).

Prof. Moshe Many, M.D., Ph.D. has served as president of the Ashkelon Academic College since January 2002. He previously was President of the Tisom International School of Management. He is a former President of Tel Aviv University, the former Medical Director of the Ramat Marpeh Hospital and the former Deputy Chairman of Maccabi Healthcare Fund. He has been a Department Head at Tel Hashomer Hospital since 1976. He is currently a director of Rosetta Genomics Ltd. and served as a director of Zim Integrated Shipping Services Ltd. until 2007. Prof. Many received his M.D. degree from Geneva University in 1952 and his Ph.D. in surgery from Tufts University in 1969.

Dr. Leora (Rubin) Meridor has been a director of Teva since December 2002. Dr. Meridor is a business and financial consultant. She served as the Chair of the Board of Bezeq International Ltd. and Walla Communications Ltd from 2001 to 2005. She served as Chair of the Board of Hapoalim Capital Markets from 2001 to 2004. From 1996 to 2000, Dr. Meridor was Senior Vice President and Head of the Credit and Risk Management Division of the First International Bank of Israel. Between 1983 and 1996, Dr. Meridor held various positions in the Bank of Israel, the last of which was Head of the Research Department. Dr. Meridor has held various teaching positions with the Hebrew University and holds a bachelor’s degree in mathematics and physics, a master’s degree in mathematics and a Ph.D. in economics from the Hebrew University. She served as director of NICE Systems Ltd. from 2002 until 2007 and of Isrotel Ltd. from 2001 until 2007. She presently serves on the boards of directors of Alrov (Israel) Ltd., Delta Galil Ltd., Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd., Osem Investment Ltd., Weizmann Institute of Science and Betzalel Academy of Art. Dr. Meridor qualifies as a statutory independent director under Israeli law and was determined by the Board to be a financial and accounting expert under Israeli law.

Joseph Nitzani joined Teva’s Board in September 2008. He has served as a director of Adanim Mortgage Bank since 2006 and of Hadassah Medical Center since 1996 (and as Chairman since June 2008). Between 2001 and 2007, Mr. Nitzani held various positions at Mizrahi-Tefachot Bank Ltd., including Vice President, Head of Capital Markets, Client Assets and Private Banking Divisions. Mr. Nitzani also served as a director of Tefachot Israeli Mortgage Bank Ltd. from 2003 to 2005. Previously, he served as Managing Director of The Government Companies Authority from 1991 to 1995 and of The Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange from 1983 to 1991. Mr. Nitzani

 

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received his B.A in Economics from Bar-Ilan University in 1971 and his M.B.A (with distinction) from Tel Aviv University in 1974. Mr. Nitzani qualifies as a statutory independent director under Israeli law and was determined by the Board to be a financial and accounting expert under Israeli law.

Dan Propper is the Chairman of the Board of Osem Investments Ltd., a leading Israeli manufacturer of food products. Mr. Propper served as the Chief Executive Officer of Osem for 25 years until April 2006. In addition to his role at Osem, from 1993 until 1999, Mr. Propper served as President of the Manufacturers Association of Israel, an independent umbrella organization representing industrial enterprises in Israel, and as Chairman of the Federation of Economic Organizations in Israel. Mr. Propper has received awards for his contributions to the Israeli industry and economy, including an honorary Doctorate from the Technion—Israel Institute of Technology in 1999. Mr. Propper is a director of Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. Mr. Propper is also a member of the board of trustees of the Technion, Ben-Gurion University, Weizmann Institute of Science and Tel Aviv University. Mr. Propper earned a B.S. summa cum laude in Chemical Engineering and Food Technology from the Technion.

Dov Shafir has been a director of Teva since 1969. He served in the Israeli Navy for 27 years, retiring in 1975 with the rank of Captain. He served as chairman of the Executive Committee of Teva’s Board of Directors from 1992 until 2002. Mr. Shafir served as a director of Am-Shav Technological Innovation Center from 2004 until 2007. He has been a director of Ofer Technologies Ltd. since 1996 and as director of BSD Harvest Ukraine Ltd. since 2008. Mr. Shafir graduated from the Ecole Superieure de Guerre Naval in Paris.

David Shamir joined Teva’s Board in 2004. He has served as the General Manager of Texas Instruments Israel Ltd. since 2001. From 1986 to 2001, he held several R&D and management positions at Motorola Semiconductor Israel Ltd. He received his B.Sc. in computer engineering from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in 1986.

Ory Slonim rejoined Teva’s Board in June 2008. Mr. Slonim is an attorney who has been in private practice since 1970 and previously served on Teva’s Board from 1998 to 2003 as a statutory independent director. Between 1987 and 2007, Mr. Slonim was a director at Migdal Insurance Company Ltd., serving as Deputy Chairman from 2000 until 2007 and as Chairman of the company’s audit committee from 2001 until 2007. He presently serves as a director and Chairman of the audit committee of U. Dori Engineering Works Corp. Ltd., director and Chairman of the audit committee of Oil Refineries Ltd. and as Vice Chairman of Harel Insurance Investments & Financial Services Ltd. From 1989 to 2006, Mr. Slonim served as a Special Consultant to the Minister of Defense. Since 2006, Mr. Slonim has served as Chairman of Variety Club in Israel, where he was President from 1994 to 2007. Mr. Slonim received an LL.B degree from the Hebrew University in 1968.

Compensation

The aggregate direct compensation paid or accrued during 2008 on behalf of all directors and executive officers (including those directors and officers who retired or changed their positions during the year) as a group was $15.6 million. This amount includes fees of $2.5 million for non-employee directors and amounts set aside or accrued to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits of $0.75 million. This amount does not include $83.5 million from the exercise of previously granted stock options. In addition, directors are reimbursed for expenses incurred as part of their service as directors.

None of the non-employee directors have agreements with us that provide for benefits upon termination of service.

We have adopted a number of stock option or stock incentive programs covering either ordinary shares or ADSs, and we are currently operating under the 2005 Omnibus Long-Term Share Incentive Plan that was approved by our shareholders in July 2005. In 2008, 300,000 options to purchase ordinary shares were awarded to various executive officers at the average exercise price of $46.26 per share or ADS with an expiration date in 2015.

 

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As of December 31, 2008, options for an aggregate of approximately 29 million shares, with an average exercise price of $31.58 per share, and approximately 1.5 million restricted stock units (RSUs), with a weighted average grant date fair value of $38.13, were outstanding under our stock option and incentive programs. For further information regarding our options and RSUs, see Note 13 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Board Practices

Our board of directors comprises 15 persons, of whom 12 have been determined to be independent within the meaning of applicable Nasdaq regulations. The Board includes two independent directors mandated under Israeli law and subject to additional criteria to help ensure their independence. See “—Statutory Independent Directors/Financial Experts” below. The terms of the directors are set forth in the table above. In accordance with Nasdaq regulations, we do not consider the following directors to be independent: Eli Hurvitz, Dr. Phillip Frost and Amir Elstein.

All directors are entitled to review and retain copies of our documentation and examine our assets, as required to perform their duties as directors and to receive assistance, in special cases, from outside experts at our expense (subject to approval by the Board or by court).

Principles of Corporate Governance. We have adopted a set of corporate governance principles. The full document is available on our website at www.tevapharm.com.

Annual Meetings. We encourage serving directors to attend annual shareholders meetings.

Board Practices and Procedures. Our Board members are generally elected for terms of three years. We believe that this system of multi-year terms allows our directors to acquire and provide us with the benefit of a high level of expertise with respect to our complex business. We also provide an orientation program for new Board members as well as a continuing education program for board members which includes lectures, provision of materials, meetings with key management, and visits to company facilities.

Board Meetings. Meetings of the board of directors are generally held every 4-6 weeks throughout the year, with additional special meetings scheduled when required. Information regarding the number of meetings of the Board and Board committees and attendance rates is presented in the table below.

Executive Sessions of the Board. The independent members of the Board met in executive session (without management or non-independent directors’ participation) two times during 2008. They will continue to meet in executive session on a regular basis. Prof. Meir Heth serves as Chairman of the executive sessions of the Board.

Director Service Contracts. We do not have any contracts with any of our non-employee directors that provide for benefits upon termination of services.

Communications with the Board. Shareholders or other interested parties can contact any director or committee of the Board by writing to them care of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, 5 Basel Street, Petach Tikva, Israel, Attn: Corporate Secretary or Internal Auditor. Comments or complaints relating to our accounting, internal controls or auditing matters will also be referred to members of the audit committee as well as other appropriate bodies of the Company. The Board has adopted a global “whistleblower” policy, which provides employees and others with an anonymous means of communicating with the audit committee.

Statutory Independent Directors/Financial Experts

Under Israeli law, publicly held Israeli companies such as Teva are required to appoint at least two statutory independent directors, who must also serve on the audit committee. All other Board committees exercising

 

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powers delegated by the Board must include at least one such statutory independent director. Such statutory independent directors are appointed at the general meetings by the holders of a majority of our ordinary shares and must meet certain non-affiliation criteria—all as provided under Israeli law. A statutory independent director is appointed for an initial term of three consecutive years, and may be reappointed for additional three-year terms, subject to certain conditions (including approval by our shareholders at a general meeting) as provided under Israeli regulations. Regulations promulgated under Israeli law set minimum, maximum and other rules regarding compensation that may be paid to statutory independent directors. Dr. Leora Meridor and Joseph Nitzani currently serve in this capacity.

Israeli law further requires that at least one statutory independent director have financial and accounting expertise, and that the other statutory independent director have professional competence, as determined by the company’s board of directors. Under relevant regulations, a director having financial and accounting expertise is a person who, due to his or her education, experience and talents, is highly skilled in respect of, and understands, business and accounting matters and financial reports, in a manner that enables him or her to have an in-depth understanding of the company’s financial information and to stimulate discussion in respect of the manner in which the financial data is presented. Under the regulations, a director having professional competence is a person who has an academic degree in either economics, business administration, accounting, law or public administration or an academic degree in an area relevant to the company’s business, or has at least five years experience in a senior position in the business management of a corporation with a substantial scope of business, in a senior position in the public service or in the field of the company’s business.

Both Dr. Leora Meridor and Joseph Nitzani were determined by the board of directors to be financial and accounting experts under Israeli law.

The board of directors has also adopted a policy to require at least two directors who are financial experts in accordance with Israeli law, in addition to the one statutory independent director required under Israeli law, to qualify as a financial expert in accordance with Israeli law. Prof. Meir Heth and Eli Hurvitz were determined by the board of directors to be financial and accounting experts.

Committees of the Board

Our Articles of Association provide that the board of directors may delegate its powers to one or more committees of the Board as it deems appropriate to the extent such delegation is permitted under the Israeli Companies Law. Each committee exercising powers delegated by the Board must include at least one independent director. The Board has appointed the standing committees listed below, as well as committees appointed from time to time for specific purposes determined by the Board. Membership on these Board committees is presented in the table below.

We have adopted charters for our audit, compensation, and corporate governance and nominating committees, formalizing the committees’ procedures and duties. Each of these charters is available on our website at www.tevapharm.com.

Audit Committee

The Israeli Companies Law mandates the appointment of an audit committee comprised of at least three directors. The audit committee must include all statutory independent directors and may not include certain members of the Board. Under the Israeli Companies Law, the audit committee is responsible for overseeing the business management practices of the Company in consultation with the Company’s internal auditor and independent auditors, making recommendations to the Board to improve such practices and approving transactions with affiliates, as described below under “Item 10: Additional Information—Memorandum and Articles of Association—Directors’ Powers.”

 

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In accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Nasdaq requirements, the audit committee of our Board is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of our independent auditors. In addition, the audit committee is responsible for assisting the Board in monitoring our financial statements, the effectiveness of our internal controls and our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. The audit committee charter sets forth the scope of the committee’s responsibilities, including its structure, processes and membership requirements; the committee’s purpose; and its specific responsibilities and authority with respect to registered public accounting firms, complaints relating to accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, authority to engage advisors, and funding as determined by the audit committee.

All of the committee members have been determined to be independent as defined by the applicable Nasdaq rules and those of the SEC.

The Board has determined that Prof. Meir Heth is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by applicable SEC regulations. See “Item 16A: Audit Committee Financial Expert” below.

Compensation Committee

The purpose of the compensation committee is to carry out on behalf of the board of directors the responsibilities of the board relating to compensation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and other senior officers. The committee is responsible for establishing annual and long-term performance goals and objectives for our executive officers, reviewing the overall compensation philosophy of the Company and making recommendations to the board of directors with respect to cash-based incentive compensation plans, equity-based compensation plans and other benefit plans with regard to the CEO and senior executive officers. All of the committee members have been determined to be independent as defined by the applicable Nasdaq rules and those of the SEC.

Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee

The role of the corporate governance and nominating committee is to assist the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities with respect to the (i) identification of individuals who are qualified to become (or be re-elected as) board members; (ii) development and/or implementation of corporate governance principles and proposal of such principles to the Board for its approval; and (iii) review at least annually of the principles of corporate governance approved by the Board, with the purpose of evaluating the compliance with such principles, as well as their relevance and conformance with legal requirements. All of the committee members have been determined to be independent as defined by the applicable Nasdaq rules and those of the SEC.

Finance Committee

The finance committee is responsible for overseeing Teva’s financial strategies and policies, risk management and financial controls and reporting, as well as a variety of other financial-related matters.

Science and Technology Committee

The science and technology committee is primarily engaged in the review and analysis of the annual budgets and plans of the innovative and generic R&D divisions, the review of new technologies and major projects, and the review of our relationship with the scientific community.

Community Affairs Committee

The community affairs committee is primarily engaged in the review and oversight of our involvement in the community, public policy issues affecting us and our relationships with medical, educational and cultural institutions, including charitable donations.

 

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Current Members of Board Committees

 

Name

   Audit     Compensation      Corporate
Governance and
Nominating
     Finance      Science and
Technology
     Community
Affairs
 

E. Hurvitz

           ü      ü      ü *

Dr. P. Frost

              ü *   

R. Abravanel

           ü        

R. Cheshin

                 ü  

A. E. Cohen

     ü      ü         ü     

A. Elstein

           ü      ü      ü  

Prof. M. Heth

   ü        ü *    ü         ü  

Prof. R. Kornberg

              ü     

Prof. M. Many

   ü     ü *    ü         ü +   

Dr. L. Meridor

   ü     ü      ü      ü *    ü      ü  

Y. Nitzani

   ü     ü      ü      ü      ü      ü  

D. Propper

              ü     

D. Shafir

   ü *            ü      ü  

D. Shamir

   ü     ü      ü           

O. Slonim

     ü      ü         ü      ü  

Key: “ü” Member; “*” Chairperson; “+” Vice Chairperson.

Board and Committee Meetings

 

Name of Body

   No. of Meetings
in 2008
   Average
Attendance Rate

Board of Directors

   19    85

Audit Committee

   13    89

Compensation Committee

   5    83

Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee

   7    91

Finance Committee

   4    88

Science and Technology Committee

   4    90

Community Affairs Committee

   2    75

Employees

As of December 31, 2008, we employed 38,307 full-time-equivalent employees. We consider our labor relations with our employees around the world to be good.

 

     December 31,

Geographic Area

   2008    2007    2006

Israel

   6,161    5,534    5,039

Europe

   16,007    9,235    8,827

North America

   8,807    6,123    6,411

Latin America

   5,716    5,766    5,603

Asia

   1,555    1,197    732

Other countries

   61    57    58
              

Total

   38,307    27,912    26,670

 

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Grouped by function, approximately 54% of our employees work in pharmaceutical production, 26% in sales and marketing, 9% in research and development and 11% in the general and administrative function.

Share Ownership

As of December 31, 2008, the directors and executive officers as a group beneficially held 41,235,075 ordinary shares (representing approximately 4.6% of the outstanding shares as of such date). This figure includes 16,301,987 shares beneficially owned by Dr. Phillip Frost, representing approximately 1.8% of the outstanding shares, and 10,360,718 shares beneficially owned by Eli Hurvitz, representing approximately 1.2% of the outstanding shares. Such persons are the only directors or officers who hold 1% or more of our outstanding shares as of December 31, 2008.

 

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ITEM 7: MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

According to a disclosure notification received on February 24, 2009, as of such date, Capital Research and Management Company beneficially owned 60,741,186 Teva shares, which as of such date represented approximately 6.8% of Teva’s outstanding shares. To the best knowledge of Teva, as of December 31, 2008, no other shareholder beneficially owned 5% or more of Teva’s ordinary shares. All holders of Teva ordinary shares have one vote per share.

In September 2006, Teva and Protalix Ltd. signed a collaboration and licensing agreement for the development of two proteins, using Protalix’s plant cell culture platform. Under the agreement, the two companies will collaborate on research and development of the proteins utilizing Protalix’s expression system. Protalix will grant Teva an exclusive license to commercialize the developed products in return for royalty and milestone payments to be made to Protalix upon the achievement of certain pre-defined goals. Protalix will retain certain exclusive manufacturing rights. Eli Hurvitz, Teva’s Chairman of the Board, is Chairman of the Board of Protalix. Mr. Hurvitz and Dr. Frost, Teva’s Vice Chairman of the Board, each own certain equity interests in Protalix.

In January 2007, Teva and Se-cure Pharmaceuticals Ltd entered into a Marketing, Selling and Distribution Agreement for Femarelle, a food supplement. Pursuant to the Agreement, Teva has the exclusive right to market, sell and distribute Femarelle in Israel. Dr. Ben-Zion Weiner, Teva’s Chief R&D Officer, holds a right to receive 4% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Se-cure and is also a member of its scientific advisory board.

In May 2008, Teva entered a Share Purchase Agreement and Research and an Exclusive License Option Agreement with NovoTyr Therapeutics Ltd., which develops novel inhibitors of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R). NovoTyr was established in 2005 in Meytav Incubator, whose Chairman until December 2008 was Aharon Schwartz, Teva’s VP—Innovative Ventures. Meytav is controlled by Biomedix, which is controlled by Pontifax, and Eli Hurvitz, Teva’s Chairman of the Board, is Chairman of the Board of Pontifax and owns certain equity interests in Pontifax.

Teva and Jexys Medical Research Services & Development Co. Ltd entered in December 2006 into an agreement for the development of up to five prototype molecules, using Jexys’ platform technology. As part of the agreement, Jexys granted Teva an option to receive an exclusive, worldwide royalty-bearing license for the commercialization of products in exchange for certain milestone payments and royalties. In August 2008, Teva and Jexys entered a Share Purchase Agreement, under which Teva will invest in Jexys while maintaining its option for exclusive license. Harold Snyder, a recently deceased director of Teva, was a shareholder of Jexys, and Arik Yaari, Teva’s Group Vice President—Teva Generic Systems, is a director and shareholder of Jexys.

In September 2008, Teva granted OPKO Ophthalmics, LLC an exclusive worldwide license to use Teva’s existing nebulized budesonide inhalation solution to develop and commercialize a therapeutic treatment exclusively for ophthalmic indications. OPKO Ophthalmics, LLC is a development stage specialty healthcare company owned by a public holding company, OPKO Health, Inc., which is controlled by Dr. Phillip Frost, Teva’s Vice Chairman of the Board, through individual and private investment holdings. Dr. Frost also serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors and CEO of OPKO Health, Inc.

In September 2006, Teva sold the office building located at 4400 Biscayne Boulevard, Miami, Florida to an entity controlled by Vice Chairman Dr. Phillip Frost. The selling price was $18 million. Following the sale, a subsidiary of Teva USA leased back approximately 87,000 square feet of office space. In October 2008, after the initial lease had expired, Teva entered into a lease of 9,950 square feet for an annual rent of approximately $298,500 (including operational and service costs) for a two-year term, renewable by Teva for two additional three-year terms. Such amount was determined by Teva not to exceed the fair market rent for the property following a review of the commercial rental market for such space.

 

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All related party transactions described above have been reviewed and approved by Teva’s audit committee and board of directors.

As of December 31, 2008, there were approximately 2,795 record holders of ADSs, whose holdings represented approximately 78% of the total outstanding ordinary shares, substantially all of which record holders were in the United States.

 

ITEM 8: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

8A: Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

8A.1: See Item 18.

8A.2: See Item 18.

8A.3: See Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, page F-2.

8A.4: We have complied with this requirement.

8A.5: Not applicable.

8A.6: Not applicable.

8A.7: Legal Proceedings

Teva is subject to various litigation and other legal proceedings. For a discussion of these matters, see “Contingent Liabilities” included in Note 12 to Teva’s consolidated financial statements included in this report. In addition, during 2008, Teva settled various litigations, as described under “Item 4—Information on the Company—Pharmaceutical Products—Generic Products—North America—Recent Patent Litigation Settlements.”

8A.8: Dividend Policy See “Item 3: Key Information—Selected Financial Data—Dividends.”

8B: Significant Changes None.

 

ITEM 9: THE OFFER AND LISTING

ADSs

Teva’s ADSs have been traded in the United States since 1982 and were admitted to trading on the Nasdaq National Market in October 1987. The ADSs are quoted under the symbol “TEVA.” The Bank of New York Mellon serves as depositary for the shares. In November 2002, Teva was added to the NASDAQ 100 Index. As of December 31, 2008, Teva had 700,227,714 ADSs outstanding. Each ADS represents one ordinary share; accordingly, the number of the outstanding ADSs is included in the number of outstanding ordinary shares.

In June 2004, Teva effected a 2-for-1 stock split. Each holder of an ordinary share, or an ADS, as the case may be, was issued another share. All figures in this annual report have been adjusted to reflect the stock split.

 

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The following table sets forth information regarding the high and low prices of an ADS on Nasdaq for the periods specified in U.S. dollars.

 

Period

   High    Low

Last six months:

     

February 2009 (until February 23)

   46.75    41.05

January 2009

   43.19    41.23

December 2008

   45.11    41.20

November 2008

   44.03    39.75

October 2008

   47.10    35.89

September 2008

   48.19    43.36

August 2008

   48.74    45.44

Last eight quarters:

     

Q4 2008

   47.10    35.89

Q3 2008

   48.74    40.37

Q2 2008

   47.83    41.95

Q1 2008

   50.00    43.56

Q4 2007

   47.14    42.79

Q3 2007

   44.93    40.16

Q2 2007

   42.03    35.90

Q1 2007

   38.48    30.81

Last five years:

     

2008

   50.00    35.89

2007

   47.14    30.81

2006

   44.71    29.22

2005

   45.91    26.78

2004

   34.66    22.82

On February 23, 2009, the last reported sale price for the ADSs on Nasdaq was $45.26. The American Stock Exchange, the Chicago Options Exchange and the Pacific Stock Exchange quote options on Teva’s ADSs under the symbol “TEVA.”

Teva’s ADSs are also traded on SEAQ International in London and on the exchanges in Frankfurt and Berlin.

Ordinary Shares

Teva’s ordinary shares have been listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange since 1951. As of December 31, 2008, Teva had 888,723,469 ordinary shares outstanding, including those ordinary shares underlying the outstanding ADSs.

 

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The table below sets forth in NIS the high and low intraday sale prices of the ordinary shares on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange during the periods indicated, as reported by such Exchange (restated to reflect the June 2004 stock split).

 

Period

   High    Low

Last six months:

     

February 2009 (until February 23)

   191.00    167.10

January 2009

   169.40    160.30

December 2008

   173.00    156.80

November 2008

   173.00    151.70

October 2008

   165.00    139.70

September 2008

   172.30    150.40

August 2008

   173.00    160.90

Last eight quarters:

     

Q4 2008

   173.00    139.70

Q3 2008

   173.00    136.00

Q2 2008

   171.20    140.80

Q1 2008

   188.80    150.40

Q4 2007

   184.00    167.20

Q3 2007

   188.90    169.90

Q2 2007

   176.10    148.60

Q1 2007

   161.20    130.00

Last five years:

     

2008

   188.80    136.00

2007

   188.90    130.00

2006

   205.00    129.20

2005

   206.10    116.00

2004

   156.80    105.50

On February 23, 2009, the last reported sale price of the ordinary shares on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange was NIS 189.90.

 

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ITEM 10: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Memorandum and Articles of Association

Register

Teva’s registration number at the Israeli registrar of companies is 52-001395-4.

Directors’ Powers

The Israeli Companies Law, 1999 (the “Companies Law”) requires approval by both the audit committee and the board of directors of, among other things, the following actions or transactions, all subject to the requirement that such transactions are not adverse to the interests of the company:

 

   

proposed transactions between a company and its “office holders” (as such term is defined in the Companies Law), and proposed transactions between a company and a third party in which an office holder has a “personal interest” (as such term is defined in the Companies Law), that are outside the ordinary course of the company’s business, that are not in accordance with market conditions or that may materially influence the earnings, assets or liabilities of the company;

 

   

material actions that may otherwise be deemed to constitute a breach of fiduciary duty of any office holder of the company, that are done in good faith; and

 

   

the grant of indemnification, insurance and exemptions to office holders who are not directors, or the undertaking to indemnify an office holder who is not a director.

Under the Companies Law, certain other transactions (listed in Section 270 of the Companies Law) that require approval by the audit committee and the board of directors may also require shareholder approval (including, in certain cases, a specified percentage of disinterested shareholders).

Approvals of the terms of service of directors, including the grant of exemption, insurance, an undertaking to indemnify or indemnification under a permit to indemnify as well as the company’s contracts with its directors on conditions of employment in other capacities, require approval by the audit committee, the board of directors and the shareholders.

A director with a personal interest in any of the above transactions may not be present and may not vote at the board of directors and audit committee’s meetings at which such transaction is approved (except under certain circumstances detailed in Section 278(b) of the Companies Law). In cases in which the approval of the audit committee is required, the audit committee may only approve such transactions if two statutory independent directors are members of the audit committee and at least one of them is present at the meeting at which the transaction is approved.

The Companies Law requires that an office holder promptly disclose any “personal interest” that he may have and every substantive fact or document in connection with any existing or proposed transaction by the company and codifies the duty of care and fiduciary duties that an office holder owes to the company.

Neither Teva’s Memorandum or Articles of Association, nor the laws of the State of Israel, mandate retirement or non-retirement of directors at a certain age, or share ownership for a director’s qualification.

The board of directors of Teva has adopted a policy that at least two directors of the Company be required to qualify as financial experts in accordance with Israeli law, in addition to the one statutory independent director required to qualify as a financial expert in accordance with Israeli law.

 

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CEO and Center of Management

Under Teva’s Articles of Association, Teva’s chief executive officer as well as the majority of the members of the Board are required to be residents of Israel, unless Teva’s center of management shall have been transferred to another country in accordance with the Articles of Association. The Articles of Association require that Teva’s center of management be in Israel, unless the board of directors otherwise resolves, with a supermajority of three-quarters of the participating votes.

Description of Teva Ordinary Shares

The par value of Teva’s ordinary shares is NIS 0.10 per share, and all issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Holders of paid-up ordinary shares are entitled to participate equally in the payment of dividends and other distributions and, in the event of liquidation, in all distributions after the discharge of liabilities to creditors. Teva’s board of directors may declare interim dividends and propose the final dividend with respect to any fiscal year out of profits available for dividends after statutory appropriation to capital reserves. Declaration of a final dividend (not exceeding the amount proposed by the Board) requires shareholder approval through the adoption of an ordinary resolution. Dividends are declared in NIS. All ordinary shares represented by the ADSs will be issued in registered form only. Ordinary shares do not entitle their holders to preemptive rights.

Voting is on the basis of one vote per share. An ordinary resolution (for example, resolutions for the approval of final dividends and the appointment of auditors) requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares voting in person or by proxy. Certain resolutions (for example, resolutions amending many of the provisions of the Articles of Association) require the affirmative vote of at least 75% of the shares voting in person or by proxy, and certain amendments of the Articles of Association require the affirmative vote of at least 85% of the shares voting in person or by proxy, unless a lower percentage shall have been established by the board of directors, and approved by three-quarters of those directors voting, at a meeting of the board of directors which shall have taken place prior to that general meeting.

Meetings of Shareholders

Under the Companies Law and Teva’s Articles of Association, Teva is required to hold an annual meeting every year no later than fifteen months after the previous annual meeting. In addition, Teva is required to hold a special meeting:

 

   

at the direction of the board of directors;

 

   

if so requested by two directors or one-fourth of the serving directors; or

 

   

upon the request of one or more shareholders who have at least 5% of the voting rights.

If the board of directors receives a demand to convene a special meeting, it must publicly announce the scheduling of the meeting within 21 days after the demand was delivered. The meeting must then be held no later than 35 days after the notice was made public (except under certain circumstances as provided under the Companies Law).

The agenda at an annual meeting is determined by the board of directors. The agenda must also include proposals for which the convening of a special meeting was demanded, as well as any proposal requested by one or more shareholders who hold no less than 1% of the voting rights, as long as the proposal is one suitable for discussion at an annual meeting.

A notice of an annual meeting must be made public and delivered to every shareholder registered in the shareholders’ register at least 30 days before the meeting is convened. The shareholders entitled to participate and vote at the meeting are the shareholders as of the record date set in the decision to convene the meeting,

 

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provided that the record date is not more than 40 days, and not less than 28 days, before the date of the meeting, provided that notice of the general meeting was published prior to the record date. Israeli regulations further require public companies to send voting cards, proxy notes and position papers to their shareholders if certain issues, as provided by the Companies Law, are included in the agenda of such meeting.

Under the Companies Law, a shareholder who intends to vote at a meeting must demonstrate that he owns shares in accordance with certain regulations. Under these regulations, a shareholder whose shares are registered with a member of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange must provide Teva with an authorization from such member regarding his ownership as of the record date.

Right of Non-Israeli Shareholders to Vote

Neither the Memorandum of Association, the Articles of Association, nor the laws of the State of Israel restrict in any way the ownership or voting of Teva’s ordinary shares by nonresidents or persons who are not citizens of Israel, except with respect to citizens or residents of countries that are in a state of war with Israel.

Change of Control

Subject to certain exceptions, the Companies Law provides that a merger requires approval both by the board of directors and by the shareholders of each of the merging companies. In approving a merger, the board of directors must determine that there is no reasonable expectation that, as a result of the merger, the merged company will not be able to meet its obligations to its creditors. Creditors may seek a court order to enjoin or delay the merger if there is an expectation that the merged company will not be able to meet its obligations to its creditors. A court may also issue other instructions for the protection of the creditors’ rights in connection with a merger.

Under the Companies Law, an acquisition of shares in a public company must be made by means of a purchase offer to all stockholders if, as a result of the acquisition, the purchaser would become a 25% or more stockholder of the company. This rule does not apply if there is already another 25% or more stockholder of the company, nor does it apply to a purchase of shares by way of a “private offering” in certain circumstances provided under the Companies Law.

Foreign Exchange Regulations

Nonresidents of Israel who purchase ADSs with U.S. dollars or other non-Israeli currency will be able to receive dividends, if any, and any amounts payable upon the dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of Teva, in U.S. dollars at the rate of exchange prevailing at the time of conversion. Dividends to non-Israeli residents are subject to withholding. See “—Israel Taxation—Withholding Taxes on Dividends Distributed by Teva to Non-Israeli Residents” below.

ADS Fees

The following charges shall be incurred by any party depositing or withdrawing ordinary shares or by any party surrendering ADSs or to whom ADSs are issued (including, without limitation, issuance pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by Teva or an exchange of stock regarding the ADSs or deposited ordinary shares or a distribution of ADSs pursuant to the terms of the deposit agreement):

 

   

any applicable taxes and other governmental charges;

 

   

any applicable transfer or registration fees;

 

   

certain cable, telex and facsimile transmission charges as provided in the deposit agreement;

 

   

any expenses incurred in the conversion of foreign currency;

 

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a fee of $5.00 or less per 100 ADSs (or a portion of such amount of ADSs) for the delivery of ADSs in connection with the deposit of ordinary shares, distributions in ordinary shares on the surrender of ADSs or the distribution of rights on the ordinary shares;

 

   

a fee of $0.02 or less per ADS for any cash distributions on the ordinary shares;

 

   

a fee of $5.00 or less per 100 ADSs (or a portion of such amount of ADSs) for the distribution of securities on the ordinary shares (other than ordinary shares or rights thereon); and

 

   

a fee of $0.02 or less per ADS annually for depositary services performed by the depositary and/or the custodians (which may be charged directly to the owners or which may be withheld from cash distributions, at the sole discretion of the depositary).

U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations

The following is a summary of material U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders of ADSs who hold such securities as capital assets. For purposes of this summary, a “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of an ADS that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

 

   

a citizen or resident of the United States;

 

   

a corporation (or another entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof;

 

   

an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or

 

   

a trust, if a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or if the trust was in existence on August 20, 1996 and has elected to continue to be treated as a U.S. person.

If an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal tax purposes holds ADSs, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of its partners will generally depend upon the status of the partners and the activities of the partnership. Entities that are classified as partnerships for U.S. federal tax purposes and persons holding ADSs through such entities should consult their own tax advisors.

This summary is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), existing final, temporary and proposed regulations thereunder, judicial decisions and published positions of the Internal Revenue Service, and the treaty between the United States and Israel relating to income taxes, all as of the date of this annual report and all of which are subject to change (including changes in interpretation), possibly with retroactive effect. It is also based in part on representations by the depositary and assumes that each obligation under the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms.

This summary does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential tax consequences of owning ADSs. In particular, this discussion does not take into account the specific circumstances of any particular investor (such as tax-exempt entities, certain insurance companies, broker-dealers, investors subject to the alternative minimum tax, investors that actually or constructively own 10% or more of Teva’s voting securities, investors that hold ordinary shares or ADSs as part of a straddle or hedging or conversion transaction, traders in securities that elect to mark to market, banks or other financial institutions, partnerships or other entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes or investors whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar), some of which may be subject to special rules. Investors are advised to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences of the ownership of ADSs, including the consequences under applicable state and local law and federal estate tax law, and the application of foreign laws or the effect of nonresident status on U.S. taxation.

U.S. Holders of ADSs will be treated as owners of the ordinary shares underlying their ADSs. Accordingly, deposits and withdrawals of ordinary shares in exchange for ADSs will not be taxable events for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

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The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are released may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits for U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax, described below, applicable to dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders. Accordingly, the analysis of the availability of foreign tax credits and the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders, described below, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released.

Taxation of Distributions

The amount of any distribution paid to a U.S. Holder, including any Israeli taxes withheld from the amount of such distribution, will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation as ordinary income from sources outside the United States to the extent paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Subject to applicable limitations, dividends paid to non-corporate U.S. Holders with respect to taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010 are generally subject to tax at a maximum rate of 15%. The amount of any distribution of property other than cash will be the property’s fair market value on the date of the distribution. To the extent that an amount received by a U.S. Holder exceeds that U.S. Holder’s allocable share of current and accumulated earnings and profits, such excess will be applied first to reduce that U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the shares and then, to the extent the distribution exceeds that U.S. Holder’s tax basis, will be treated as a capital gain. Any dividend received will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations.

Dividends paid in NIS will be included in a U.S. Holder’s income in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of the U.S. Holder’s (or, in the case of ADSs, the depositary’s) receipt of the dividend, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. If the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder should generally not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. A U.S. Holder may have foreign currency gain or loss, which will be treated as income from sources within the United States, if he or she does not convert the amount of such dividend into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt. The amount of any distribution of property other than cash will be the property’s fair market value on the date of the distribution.

Subject to applicable limitations that may vary depending on a U.S. Holder’s circumstances, Israeli taxes withheld from dividends on Teva ADSs at the rate provided by the U.S.-Israel tax treaty will be creditable against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. The rules governing foreign tax credits are complex, and, therefore, you should consult your own tax advisor regarding the availability of foreign tax credits in your particular circumstances. Instead of claiming a credit, a U.S. Holder may elect to deduct such otherwise creditable Israeli taxes in computing taxable income, subject to generally applicable limitations.

Taxation of the Disposition of ADSs

Upon the sale or exchange of ADSs, a U.S. Holder will generally recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis determined in U.S. dollars in the ADSs. The gain or loss will generally be gain or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. In general, the capital gain of a non-corporate U.S. Holder is subject to tax at ordinary rates for ADSs held for one year or less and at the long-term capital gains rate (currently 15%) for ADSs held for more than one year. A U.S. Holder’s ability to deduct capital losses is subject to limitations.

The surrender of ADSs in exchange for ordinary shares, or vice versa, will not be a taxable event for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and U.S. Holders will not recognize any gain or loss upon such an exchange.

U.S. Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

A U.S. Holder generally will be subject to information reporting with respect to dividends paid on, or proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, an ADS unless the U.S. Holder is a corporation or comes within

 

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another category of exempt recipients. If it is not exempt, a U.S. Holder may also be subject to backup withholding with respect to dividends or proceeds from the sale or disposition of an ADS unless a taxpayer identification number is provided and the other applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules are complied with. Any amount withheld under these rules will be creditable against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability or refundable to the extent that it exceeds such liability, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.

U.S. Holders should review the summary below under “Israeli Taxation” for a discussion of the Israeli taxes which may be applicable to them.

Israeli Taxation

Corporate Tax Rate

The regular corporate tax rate in Israel was 27% in 2008 compared to 29% in 2007 and 31% in 2006. This rate is currently scheduled to decrease as follows: to 26% in 2009 and 25% in 2010 and onward. However, Teva’s effective consolidated tax rates (before deduction of certain charges) for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 were 22%, 17% and 22%, respectively, since a major portion of Teva’s income is derived from Approved Enterprises (as discussed below), the applicable tax rate for which has not been reduced, and from operations outside of Israel, where Teva has enjoyed lower tax rates.

Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 1969 (the “Industry Encouragement Law”)

Teva and certain of its Israeli subsidiaries currently qualify as “Industrial Companies” pursuant to the Industry Encouragement Law. As such, Teva and these subsidiaries qualify for certain tax benefits, including amortization of the purchase price of a good-faith acquisition of a patent or of certain other intangible property rights at the rate of 12.5% per annum and the right to file consolidated tax returns. Currently, Teva files consolidated tax returns together with certain Israeli subsidiaries. The tax laws and regulations dealing with the adjustment of taxable income for local inflation provide that industrial enterprises such as those of Teva and its subsidiaries which qualify as Industrial Companies can claim special rates of depreciation of up to 40% on a straight line basis for industrial equipment. New regulations generally allow the depreciation of industrial equipment purchased until May 31, 2009 over a period of two tax years.

Eligibility for benefits under the Industry Encouragement Law is not subject to receipt of prior approval from any government authority. Teva cannot assure you that Teva or any of its Israeli subsidiaries that presently qualify as Industrial Companies will continue to qualify as such in the future, or that the benefits will be granted in the future.

Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959 (the “Investment Law”)

Industrial projects of Teva and certain of its Israeli subsidiaries are eligible to be granted “Approved Enterprise” status under the Investment Law.

The Investment Law empowers the Israeli Investment Center to grant Approved Enterprise status to capital investments in production facilities that meet certain relevant criteria. In general, such capital investments will receive Approved Enterprise status if the enterprise is expected to contribute to the development of the productive capacity of the economy, absorption of immigrants, creation of employment opportunities, or improvement in the balance of payments.

The tax benefits derived from any such Approved Enterprise relate only to taxable profits attributable to the specific program of investment to which the status was granted. In the event that Teva and its subsidiaries that have been granted Approved Enterprise status are operating under more than one approval, or in the event that their capital investments are only partly approved, their effective corporate tax rate will be the result of a weighted combination of the various rates applicable.

 

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Most of Teva’s projects in Israel were granted Approved Enterprise status. For the vast majority of such Approved Enterprises, the companies elected to apply for alternative tax benefits—the waiver of government grants in return for tax exemptions on undistributed income. Upon distribution of such exempt income, the distributing company will be subject to corporate tax at the rate ordinarily applicable to the Approved Enterprise’s income. Such tax exemption on undistributed income applies for a limited period of between two to ten years, depending upon the location of the enterprise. During the remainder of the benefits period (generally until the expiration of ten years), a corporate tax rate not exceeding 25% will apply (rather than the usual rate which was 27% in 2008, gradually scheduled to be reduced to 25% in 2010).

Teva is a foreign investors company, or FIC, as defined by the Investment Law, and is entitled to further reductions in the tax rate normally applicable to Approved Enterprises. Due to the fact that its current level of foreign ownership is more than 74%, its Approved Enterprise income is taxable at a tax rate not exceeding 15% for a 10 year period. Teva cannot assure you that it will continue to qualify as a FIC in the future or that the benefits described herein will be granted in the future.

Dividends paid by a company owning an Approved Enterprise, the source of which dividends is income derived from the Approved Enterprise accrued during the benefits period, are generally taxed at a rate of 15% (which is withheld and paid by the company paying the dividend) if such dividends are paid during the benefits period or at any time up to 12 years thereafter. The 12-year limitation does not apply to a FIC.

In April 2005, a major amendment to the Investment Law came into effect, which is intended to provide expanded tax benefits to local and foreign investors and to simplify the bureaucratic process relating to the approval of investments that qualify under the Investment Law. Under the amendment, certain minimum qualifying investment requirements, time restrictions in which the investment is made and other conditions were established for new approved enterprises or expansions. Moreover, with a view to simplifying the bureaucratic process, the amendment provides that, in the event that an investment project meets all of the eligibility criteria under one of the Alternative Tracks (Standard Alternative Track, Ireland Track or Strategic Investment Track), as discussed further below, a project will automatically qualify for Approved Enterprise taxation benefits under the Investment Law with no need for prior approval from the Investment Center.

The amendment generally does not apply retroactively to investment programs having an Approved Enterprise approval certificate from the Investment Center issued prior to December 31, 2004 (even when investments under these programs are made after January 1, 2005). The amendment will only apply to a new Approved Enterprise and to an Approved Enterprise expansion for which the first year of benefits is 2004 or any year thereafter.

The Amendment provides two additional tracks—“The Ireland Track” and “The Strategic Investment Track”—in addition to those previously available. The Ireland Track generally enables companies that have an Approved Enterprise at a certain location in the country to distribute dividends while maintaining a low company and dividend tax burden. Upon election, the Ireland Track generally provides that during the 10-year benefit period the Approved Enterprise income will be subject to a corporate tax rate of 11.5% and a tax rate of 4% on dividends distributed from such income to foreign investors. Effectively, in the case of foreign shareholders, the aggregate corporate tax and withholding tax burden will be 15%. With respect to Israeli shareholders, the regular 15% rate still applies to dividend distributions, and therefore there would be an aggregate corporate tax and dividend liability of 24.78%.

The Strategic Investment Track applies to companies that have an Approved Enterprise in a certain location in the country, which enterprise has (i) investments of at least NIS 600 million or NIS 900 million (approximately $150 or $225 million) depending on the location in the country; and (ii) annual revenues (measured for the company’s consolidated group) for the tax year prior to the year the new investment begins (or the annual average for the three years prior to the year of investment) of at least NIS 13 billion or NIS 20 billion (approximately $3.25 billion or $5 billion). Income accrued under this track during the benefits period will be

 

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exempt from a corporate tax liability. In addition, dividends distributed from such income will also be exempt from Israeli tax. The Israeli government, in certain cases, may reduce these minimum requirements if it determines that the investments will result in material contributions to the Israeli economy. Teva has one approved program under this track.

Unless extended, benefits under the Investment Law are granted with respect to qualified investments made in the period until August 1, 2009. However, as previously mentioned, eligibility for benefits under the Investment Law with respect to Approved Enterprises and expansions of Approved Enterprises from 2004 and onwards, is not subject to receipt of prior approval from any governmental authority. Teva cannot assure that it or any of its subsidiaries will continue to meet all the requirements in order to qualify for Approved Enterprise taxation benefits or that the benefits described above will continue to be granted in the future.

Taxation of Non-Israeli Subsidiaries

Non-Israeli subsidiaries are generally taxed based upon tax laws applicable in their countries of residence. In accordance with the provisions of Israeli-controlled foreign corporation rules, certain income of a non-Israeli subsidiary, if the subsidiary’s primary source of income is passive income (such as interest, dividends, royalties, rental income or income from capital gains), may be deemed distributed as a dividend to the Israeli parent company and consequently is subject to Israeli taxation. An Israeli company that is subject to Israeli taxes on such deemed dividend income of its non-Israeli subsidiaries may generally receive a credit for non-Israeli income taxes paid by the subsidiary in its country of residence or are to be withheld from the actual dividend distributions.

Withholding Taxes on Dividends Distributed by Teva to Non-Israeli Residents

Dividends distributed by an Israeli company to non-Israeli residents are generally subject to a 20% tax to be withheld at the source (generally 15% in the case of dividends distributed from taxable income attributable to an Approved Enterprise), unless a lower rate is provided in a treaty between Israel and the shareholder’s country of residence.

Under the U.S.-Israel tax treaty, the maximum Israeli tax and withholding tax on dividends paid to a holder of ordinary shares or ADSs who is a resident of the United States is generally 25%, but is reduced to 12.5% if the dividends are paid to a corporation that holds in excess of 10% of the voting rights of Teva during Teva’s taxable year preceding the distribution of the dividend and the portion of Teva’s taxable year in which the dividend was distributed. Dividends of an Israeli company derived from the income of an Approved Enterprise will still be subject to a 15% dividend withholding tax; provided that, if the dividend is attributable partly to income derived from an Approved Enterprise, and partly to other sources of income, the withholding rate will be a blended rate reflecting the relative portions of the two types of income. The withheld tax is the final tax in Israel on dividends paid to non-residents who do not conduct business in Israel. The rate of tax withheld on Teva’s dividends in the fourth quarter of 2008 was 20%.

A non-resident of Israel who has interest or dividend income derived from or accrued in Israel, from which tax was withheld at the source, is generally exempt from the duty to file tax returns in Israel in respect of such income, provided such income was not derived from a business conducted in Israel by the taxpayer.

Capital Gains and Income Taxes Applicable to Non-Israeli Shareholders

Israeli law generally imposes a capital gains tax on the sale of securities and any other capital asset.

Gains on the sale of ordinary shares traded on a recognized stock exchange (including the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and NASDAQ) by non-Israeli tax resident investors will generally be exempt from Israeli capital gains tax. Notwithstanding the foregoing, dealers in securities in Israel are taxed at regular tax rates applicable to business income.

 

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In addition, the U.S.-Israel tax treaty exempts U.S. residents who hold an interest of less than 10% in an Israeli company, including Teva, and who did not hold an interest of 10% or more in the company at any time during the 12 months prior to a sale of their shares, from Israeli capital gains tax in connection with such sale. Certain other tax treaties to which Israel is a party also grant exemptions from Israeli capital gains taxes.

Documents on Display

Teva files annual and special reports and other information with the SEC. You may inspect and copy such material at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may also obtain copies of such material from the SEC at prescribed rates by writing to the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room.

The SEC maintains an Internet website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy statements, information statements and other material that are filed through the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval (“EDGAR”) system. Teva began filing through the EDGAR system beginning on October 31, 2002.

Teva also files annual and special reports and other information with the Israeli Securities Authority through its fair disclosure electronic system called the MAGNA. You may review these filings on the website of the MAGNA system operated by the Israeli Securities Authority at www.magna.isa.gov.il or on the website of the TASE at www.tase.co.il.

Teva’s ADSs are quoted on the Nasdaq National Market. Information about Teva is also available on its website at http://www.tevapharm.com. Such information on its website is not part of this annual report.

 

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ITEM 11: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

General

Teva takes various measures to compensate for the effects of fluctuations in both exchange rates and interest rates. These measures include traditional currency hedging transactions as well as attempts to maintain a balance between monetary assets and liabilities in each of Teva’s principal operating currencies, mainly the U.S. dollar, the new Israeli shekel (NIS), the euro, the Canadian dollar (CAD), the pound sterling (GBP), the Hungarian forint (HUF) and other European currencies. The costs and gains resulting from such instruments are not allocated to specific income statement line items, but are concentrated to a large extent under the caption “financial expenses—net”.

Teva is typically able to borrow funds in NIS, U.S. dollars or any other major currency. Generally, Teva would prefer to borrow in U.S. dollars; however, the loan is subject to the functional currency of Teva’s borrowing subsidiary in order to reduce the volatility of the financial expenses. Teva uses financial instruments and derivatives in order to limit its exposure to risks deriving from changes in exchange rates and interest rates. The use of such instruments does not expose Teva to additional exchange rate or interest rate risks because the derivatives are covered in the corresponding underlying asset or liability of Teva. No derivative instruments are entered into for trading purposes.

Teva’s derivative transactions during 2008 were executed through international as well as Israeli and Hungarian banks. In the opinion of Teva’s management, in light of Teva’s diversified derivative transaction portfolio, any credit risk associated with any of these banks is de minimis.

Exchange Rate Risk Management

As a result of the Barr acquisition in December 2008, Teva’s currency exposure increased due to Barr’s substantial presence in markets where Teva had no significant presence prior to the Barr acquisition. This increase has impacted both the volume and the diversity of currencies.

Teva hedges against exposure deriving from the gap between current assets and current liabilities in each currency other than the U.S. dollar (“balance sheet exposure”) in the subsidiaries in which the functional currency is the U.S. dollar. The majority of the balance sheet exposure in such subsidiaries is in European currencies, Canadian dollars and NIS. In Teva’s European subsidiaries, Teva protects against the gap between current assets and current liabilities in currencies other than the local functional currency (generally against the U.S. dollar and other European currencies). Teva strives to limit its exposure through “natural” hedging, i.e., attempting to have matching levels of assets and liabilities in any given currency. The rest of the exposure, which is not set off naturally, is substantially covered by the use of derivative instruments. To the extent possible or desirable, this is done on a consolidated basis.

In certain cases, Teva protects itself against exposure from a specific transaction—for example, the acquisition of a company or a large purchase of assets—which is done in a currency other than the functional currency. To a large extent, in addition to forwards, Teva uses the “cylinder strategy” (purchasing calls/puts on the U.S. dollar, usually together with writing put/call options on the U.S. dollar at a lower exchange rate). In order to reduce costs Teva also uses “knock-in” strategies together with writing put options. Teva usually limits the hedging transactions to three-month terms.

Teva has generally elected not to follow the designation and documentation processes required to qualify for the hedge accounting method under FAS 133, in light of the negligible effect that implementing such a method would have on Teva’s results. The exception to this general rule is Teva’s subsidiary in Hungary, where the method is partially implemented. Accordingly, exchange rate fluctuations impact each and every line item separately, including sales, cost-of-goods, SG&A and R&D, whereas the results of transactions to hedge the

 

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exposure relating to these line items are recorded under the financial expenses line item. Accordingly, financial expenses, which are a relatively small line item in absolute terms, may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter. In addition, using the cylinder strategy may also have the same impact on the financial expenses line item.

The table below details the balance sheet exposure (i.e., the gap between current assets and current liabilities in a given currency), by currency and geography, as of December 31, 2008 (at fair value). All data in the table has been converted into U.S. dollar equivalents.

In U.S. dollars in millions:

 

     U.S.
Dollar
    Euro     British
Pound
    Canadian
Dollar
   New
Israeli
Shekel
   Total

Israel

     505     41     48    141    735

European Union

   435     (13 )   (8 )         456

Canada

   (127 )             127

Hungary

   579     285     13           877

England

   (56 )   (137 )           193

Russia

   (106 )             106

Switzerland

   42     37     4           83

Czech Republic

   95     11             106
                                

Total exposure

   1,440     988     66     48    141    2,683
                                

Explanatory notes:

1. Total exposure is the sum of the absolute value figures.
2. The amounts in the table reflect the exposure either as an excess of assets/(liabilities) in the respective currencies/geographies in accordance with the relevant functional currencies.
3. Most of functional currencies are the local currencies with the exception of Israel where Teva uses the U.S. dollar as the functional currency.

Net exposure:

 

     EUR/
USD
   GBP/
USD
   USD/
CAD
   USD/
NIS
   EUR/
GBP
   USD/
CHF
   USD/
RUB
   USD/
CZK
   GBP/
CHF
   EUR/
CHF
   EUR/
CZK
   USD/
HUF
   EUR/
HUF
   GBP/
HUF
     (U.S. dollars in millions)

Net exposure

   57    97    175    141    129    42    106    95    4    37    11    579    285    13

 

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The table below details (in millions) the hedging acquired in derivative instruments in order to limit the exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. The data is as of December 31, 2008 and is presented in U.S. dollar equivalents.

 

Currency

   Cross
Currency
   Hedging Value    Fair Value    2008 Weighted
Average
Settlement
Prices/Strike Prices
      2008    2007    2008    2007   
          (U.S. dollars in millions)     

Forward:

                 

Euro

   HUF    273    185.5    -25    0.5    244.16

GBP

   HUF    16    58    1.5    3    306.27

USD

   HUF    555    657    -51.5    26    174.58

GBP

   USD    25    21    2    1    1.58

Euro

   USD    0    36.5    0    0    NA

Canadian dollar

   USD    81.5    70.5    2    0.5    1.19

NIS

   USD    43    36.5    -1.5    -1.0    3.97

Swiss franc

   EUR    0    35    0    0    NA

Swiss franc

   USD    11    5.5    0    0    1.07

Swiss franc

   GBP    3.5    31    0.5    1    1.76

Euro

   GBP    0    54    0    1.5    NA

Russian ruble

   USD    40.5    0    -2    0    31.65

Czech koruna

   USD    0    20    0    0    NA

Options:

                 

NIS

   USD    128    78.5    1    0.5    3.91

Canadian dollar

   USD    222.5    115    6.5    1.5    1.23

Euro

   USD    89    81    3    1    1.40

GBP

   USD    104    0    5    0    1.51

Euro

   GBP    113    73    12.5    2    0.86

Swiss franc

   USD    30    0    0.5    0    1.06

Swiss franc

   EUR    23    0    1    0    1.58

Swiss franc

   GBP    7.5    0    1.5    0    1.84

Czech koruna

   USD    88.5    89    1.5    1.5    18.44

Czech koruna

   EUR    24    4    0    0    24.62

Russian ruble

   USD    62    105    2    0    30.38

USD

   HUF    19    148    0    6    157.52

Euro

   HUF    28    13    0    0    235.16

GBP

   HUF    0    26    0    1.5    0
                         

Total

      1,987    1,943    -39.5    46.5   
                         

Explanatory note:

 

1. An option’s value reflects its fair value disregarding the notional amount represented by such an option.

Interest Rate Risk Management

Teva has been raising funds through the use of various debt financial instruments, including convertible debentures and straight notes, both of which bear a fixed interest rate, and syndicated bank loans bearing floating interest rates. In some cases, as described below, Teva has swapped from a fixed interest rate to a floating interest rate, and vice versa, thereby enabling Teva to reduce overall interest expenses or to hedge risks associated with interest rate fluctuations.

 

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In connection with the Barr acquisition in December 2008, a subsidiary of Teva borrowed a total of $1.75 billion from Bank Hapoalim and Bank Leumi .

These two loans, which bear an average floating interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.45%, are due November 2009.

In addition, Teva guaranteed Barr’s syndicate loan and credit facilities loan. The syndicate loan had an outstanding principal balance of $1.6 billion in December 31, 2008, bearing interest at LIBOR plus 1.5%. The company is obligated to pay back the loan in 10 consecutive quarterly installments of $50 million, with the balance of $1.1 billion due October 2011. The credit facilities had an outstanding principal balance of $285 million at December 31, 2008, bearing interest at LIBOR plus 1.5%. The company is obligated to pay back the loan in 17 consecutive quarterly installments of $7.5 million, with the balance of $157.5 million due June 2013.

In connection with the Ivax acquisition in January 2006, Teva finance subsidiaries issued an aggregate of $817.5 million of 1.75% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2026 and $575 million of 0.25% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2026. The holders of the 0.25% Convertible Senior Debentures had a put option to redeem the notes in February 2008; however, practically all of the holders elected not to exercise the put option. The next date of exercising the put option by the holders of the notes is in February 2011, and they have the right to convert their debentures into shares at a rate of $47.16 per share. The holders of the 1.75% Convertible Senior Debentures have a put option to redeem the notes in February 2011 and a right to convert the debentures into shares at a rate of $51.26 per share.

In addition to the above convertible senior debentures, a Teva finance subsidiary issued an aggregate of $1 billion of 6.15% Senior Notes due 2036 and $500 million of 5.55% Senior Notes due 2016.

In September 2008, Teva extended the loan term of $153 million out of the first tranche of its $350 million multicurrency term loan facility, which was established in September 2005 with a syndicate of banks, until September 2010. This loan bears a floating interest rate. The syndicate participants comprise 21 banks based in Israel, Europe, the United States and China, each of which lent between $10 million and $25 million. The funds were used to finance working capital needs of several European subsidiaries of Teva.

In connection with the Sicor acquisition in January 2004, a Teva finance subsidiary issued an aggregate of $460 million of 0.50% Series A Convertible Senior Debentures due 2024 and $634.45 million of 0.25% Series B Convertible Senior Debentures due 2024. The holders of the Series A debentures had a put option in August 2008 to redeem the debentures into cash at their face value; however, practically all of the holders elected not to exercise the put option. The next date of exercising the put option by the holders of the notes is in February 2014. The holders of the Series B debentures have a put option in February 2010 to redeem the debentures at face value.

During 2008, the 0.375% Convertible Senior Debentures series was converted into Teva shares.

During 2008, Teva repaid all of the 4.5% Convertible Notes issued by Ivax and assumed by Teva following its acquisition of Ivax in 2006, in the amount of $230 million. The notes were repaid 50% in cash and 50% in equity, in accordance with the terms agreed in the Ivax acquisition agreement.

In addition to the debentures, Teva’s fixed interest-bearing debt also includes $15 million of senior notes privately issued, as part of a debt issue totaling $110 million, in 1998 to U.S. institutional investors. The notes are due in 2018 and have a fixed rate of 7.2% per annum.

The remaining debt consists of bank loans at floating interest rates. In currencies other than NIS, these borrowings are usually linked to the relevant LIBOR plus a spread of 0.2% – 1.5%. Part of Teva’s Canadian subsidiary debt is at a floating rate based on the Canadian LIBOR +0.55%.

Teva’s cash is invested primarily in the United States and Europe, in bank deposits and short term investments. The short term investments include mainly short term Treasury bills and Treasury-money-markets. These investments are highly liquid and total approximately $438 million.

 

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As of December 31, 2008, $450 million of cash balance were held in auction rate securities. Since then $3 million were called at par, leaving a balance as of the February 12, 2009 of $447 million. Based on a financial valuation model, we reduced the fair value of these securities by $352 million. Accordingly the market value as of the December 31, 2008 of these securities is $98 million.

Teva’s liabilities, the interest range they bear and their repayment schedule by currencies as at December 31, 2008 are set forth in the table below in U.S. dollar equivalent terms.

 

Currency

   Total
Amount
  

Interest Rate

   2009    2010    2011    2012    2013    2014 &
thereafter
     (U.S. dollars in millions)

Fixed interest:

                           

U.S. dollar

                           

Convertible debentures

   2,458    0.25%   -   1.75%    575    619    814          450

Straight bonds

   1,495    5.55%   -   7.2%                   1,495

Floating Rates:

                           

U.S. dollar

   3,856      1.8%   -   2.92%    2,193    238    1,230    30    165   

Euro

   399    3.66%   -   5.94%    119    265    3    3    7    2

British pound

   78    4.59%   -   4.67%    1    73    1    1    *    2

Canadian dollar

   142        2.7%    3       138          1

Others**

   15      3.8%   -   23%      15    *    *    *    *    *
                                               

Total:

   8,443           2,906    1,195    2,186    34    172    1,950
                                         

 

* Represents an amount of less than $ 0.5 million.
** Includes NIS, HUF, CZK and New Turkish Lira.

 

ITEM 15: CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Teva’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of Teva’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, have concluded that, as of such date, Teva’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and such information is accumulated and communicated to its management, including its chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) Report of Teva Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Teva’s board of directors and management are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Teva’s internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to Teva’s management and board of directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation and fair presentation of its published consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management has excluded Barr and Bentley from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, because ownership was acquired by Teva during 2008. Barr represented approximately 33% of Teva’s consolidated total assets as of the year ended December 31, 2008. Bentley represented approximately 1.0% of Teva’s consolidated total assets and approximately 0.5% of Teva’s consolidated net sales as of, and for the year ended, December 31, 2008.

 

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Teva’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008. In making this assessment, it used the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on such assessment, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2008, Teva’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.

Teva’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 has been audited by Kesselman & Kesselman, an independent registered public accounting firm in Israel and a member of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited (“PwC”), as stated in their report which is included under Item 18 on page F-2.

(c) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm. See report of PwC included under Item 18 on page F-2.

(d) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes to Teva’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this annual report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Teva’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

ITEM 16: [RESERVED]

 

ITEM 16A: AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

Teva’s board of directors has determined that Prof. Meir Heth, a member of its audit committee, is an audit committee financial expert, as defined by applicable SEC regulations, and is independent in accordance with applicable SEC and Nasdaq regulations.

 

ITEM 16B: CODE OF ETHICS

Teva has adopted a code of business conduct applicable to its executive officers, directors and all other employees. A copy of the code is available to every Teva employee on its intranet site, upon request to its human resources department, and to investors and others on Teva’s website at http://www.tevapharm.com or by contacting Teva’s investor relations department, legal department or the internal auditor. Any waivers of this code for executive officers or directors will be disclosed through the filing of a Form 6-K or Teva’s website. As referred to above, the board of directors has approved a whistleblower policy which functions in coordination with Teva’s code of business conduct and provides an anonymous means for employees and others to communicate with various bodies of Teva, including the audit committee of its board of directors. The Company has also implemented a training program for new and existing employees concerning the code of business conduct and whistleblower policy.

 

ITEM 16C: PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Policy on Pre-Approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services of Independent Auditors

Teva’s audit committee is responsible for the oversight of its independent auditors’ work. The audit committee’s policy is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by PwC and other members of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited. These services may include audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services, as further described below. The audit committee sets forth the basis for its pre-approval in detail, listing the particular services or categories of services which are pre-approved, and setting forth a specific budget for such services. Additional services may be pre-approved by the audit committee on an individual basis. Once services have been pre-approved, PwC and management then report to the audit committee on a periodic basis regarding the extent of services actually provided in accordance with the applicable pre-approval, and regarding the fees for the services performed. Such fees for 2008 and 2007 were pre-approved by the audit committee in accordance with these procedures.

 

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Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Teva paid the following fees for professional services rendered by PwC and other members of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited, for the years ended December 31:

 

     2008    2007
     (U.S. $ in thousands)

Audit Fees

   $ 10,142    $ 9,148

Audit-Related Fees

     1,409      1,101

Tax Fees

     7,613      5,981

All Other Fees

     50      43
             

Total

   $ 19,214    $ 16,273
             

The audit fees for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 were for professional services rendered for the integrated audit of Teva’s annual consolidated financial statements and its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, review of consolidated quarterly financial statements, statutory audits of Teva and its subsidiaries, issuance of comfort letters, consents and assistance with review of documents filed with the SEC.

The audit-related fees as of the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, were for assurance and related services related to due diligence related to mergers and acquisitions, accounting consultations and audits in connection with acquisitions, employee benefit plan audits, internal control reviews, attest services that are not required by statute or regulation and consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards.

Tax fees as of the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, were for services related to tax compliance, including the preparation of tax returns and claims for refund, and tax planning and tax advice, including assistance with tax audits and appeals, advice related to mergers and acquisitions, tax services for employee benefit plans and assistance with respect to requests for rulings from tax authorities.

All other fees for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 were for general guidance related to accounting issues and the purchase of accounting software and human resources benchmarking software.

 

ITEM 16D: EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES—NOT APPLICABLE

 

ITEM 16E: PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

During 2008, Teva did not repurchase any of its shares. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had $211 million remaining available pursuant to its previous authorization to repurchase Teva shares/ADSs and convertible debentures of its finance subsidiaries.

 

ITEM 16F: CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

NOT APPLICABLE

 

ITEM 16G: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Except as otherwise indicated, Teva is in compliance with corporate governance standards as currently applicable to Teva under Israeli, U.S., SEC and Nasdaq laws and regulations. Nasdaq Rule 4350(f) requires that an issuer listed on the Nasdaq National Market have a quorum requirement for shareholders meetings of at least one-third of the outstanding shares of the company’s common voting stock. However, our articles of association, consistent with the Israeli Companies Law and Israeli practice, provide that the quorum requirements for a meeting are the presence of a minimum of two shareholders, present in person or by proxy or by their authorized persons, and who jointly hold twenty-five percent or more of the paid-up share capital of the Company.

 

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PART III

 

ITEM 17: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 18: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following financial statements are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20-F:

 

     Page

Consolidated Financial Statements:

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   F-2

Statements of income

   F-4

Balance sheets

   F-5

Statements of changes in shareholders’ equity

   F-6

Statements of cash flows

   F-7

Notes to consolidated financial statements

   F-9

Financial Statement Schedule:

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   S-1

Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

   S-2

 

ITEM 19: EXHIBITS

 

1.1      Memorandum of Association (1)(2)
1.2      Restated Articles of Association (1)(3)
1.3      Amended Articles of Association (1)(4)
2.1      Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement, dated January 11, 2008, among Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, The Bank of New York, as depositary, and the holders from time to time of shares (5)
2.2      Form of American Depositary Receipt (5)
2.3      Indenture, dated as of January 27, 2004, by and among Teva Pharmaceutical Finance II, LLC, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (6)
2.4      First Supplemental Senior Indenture, dated as of January 27, 2004, by and among Teva Pharmaceutical Finance II, LLC, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (7)
2.5      Form of Global Debentures (included in Exhibit 2.4)
2.6      Senior Indenture, dated as of January 31, 2006, by and among Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Company LLC, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (8)
2.7      First Supplemental Senior Indenture, dated as of January 31, 2006, by and among Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Company LLC, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (8)
2.8      Second Supplemental Senior Indenture, dated as of January 31, 2006, by and among Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Company LLC, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (8)
2.9      Form of Global Debentures (included in Exhibits 2.7 and 2.8)

 

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2.10    Senior Indenture, dated as of January 31, 2006, by and among Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Company B.V., Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (8)
2.11    First Supplemental Senior Indenture, dated as of January 31, 2006, by and among Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Company B.V., Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (8)
2.12    Form of Global Debentures (included in Exhibit 2.11)
2.13    Loan Agreement, dated as of November 26, 2008, by and among Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., Bank Leumi USA, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (9)
2.14    Promissory Note, dated November 26, 2008, issued by Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. in favor of Bank Leumi USA (9)
2.15    Unlimited Guaranty, dated as of November 26, 2008, by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited in favor of Bank Leumi USA (9)
2.16    Letter of Undertakings, dated November 26, 2008, by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited in favor of Bank Leumi le-Israel B.M. (9)
2.17    Loan Agreement, dated as of December 4, 2008, by and among Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., Bank Hapoalim B.M., as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (9)
2.18    Promissory Note, dated December 4, 2008, issued by Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. in favor of Bank Hapoalim B.M. (9)
2.19    Deed of Continuing Guarantee, dated as of December 4, 2008, by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited in favor of Bank Hapoalim B.M. (9)
2.20    Letter of Undertaking, dated December 4, 2008, issued by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited in favor of Bank Hapoalim B.M. (9)
2.21    Credit Agreement, dated as of July 21, 2006, among Barr Laboratories, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, as borrowers, Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, Banc of America Securities LLC, as lead arranger and book manager, and certain other lenders party thereto (10)
2.22    First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 24, 2006, among Barr Laboratories, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, Bank of America, N.A. and certain other lenders party thereto
2.23    Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 27, 2008, among Barr Laboratories, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, Bank of America, N.A. and certain other lenders party thereto
2.24    Guaranty, dated as of December 23, 2008, made by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited in favor of each of the lenders under the Credit Agreement, dated as of July 21, 2006
2.25    Credit Agreement, dated as of June 19, 2008, among Barr Laboratories, Inc., as borrower, Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, Banc of America Securities LLC, as lead arranger and book manager, and certain other lenders party thereto (11)
2.26    First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 27, 2008, among Barr Laboratories, Inc., Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, Bank of America, N.A. and certain other lenders party thereto
2.27    Guaranty, dated as of December 23, 2008, made by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited in favor of each of the lenders under the Credit Agreement, dated as of June 19, 2008

 

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2.28    Other long-term debt instruments: The registrant hereby undertakes to provide the Securities and Exchange Commission with copies upon request.
4.1     

Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 22, 2008, by and among Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., Columbus Merger Corporation, CoGenesys, Inc. and Steven C. Mayer, as stockholders’ agent

4.2      Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 31, 2008, by and among Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Bentley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Beryllium Merger Corporation (12)
4.3      Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 17, 2008, by and among Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Boron Acquisition Corp. (13)
8        Subsidiaries of the Registrant
10          Consent of Kesselman & Kesselman
12(i)    Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
12(ii)    Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
13         Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

1) English translation or summary from Hebrew original, which is the official version.
2) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Teva’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (Reg. No. 33-15736).
3) Incorporated by reference to Teva’s Registration Statement on Form F-3 (Reg. No. 333-102259).
4) Incorporated by reference to Teva’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (Reg. No. 333-128095).
5) Incorporated by reference to Teva’s Registration Statement on Form F-6 (Reg. No. 333-116672).
6) Incorporated by reference to Teva’s Registration Statement on Form F-3 (Reg. No. 333-111144).
7) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Teva’s Form 6-K filed on January 27, 2004.
8) Incorporated by reference to Teva’s Form 6-K filed on January 31, 2006.
9) Incorporated by reference to Teva’s Form 6-K filed on December 8, 2008.
10) Incorporated by reference to Barr’s Form 8-K filed on July 26, 2006.
11) Incorporated by reference to Barr’s Form 8-K filed on June 23, 2008.
12) Incorporated by reference to Teva’s Form 6-K filed on April 3, 2008.
13) Incorporated by reference to Teva’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (Reg. No. 333-153497).

 

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SIGNATURES

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 

TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED
By:   /s/    EYAL DESHEH        
Name:   Eyal Desheh
Title:   Chief Financial Officer

Date: February 27, 2009

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008

 

     Page

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

   F-2

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:

  

Statements of income

   F-4

Balance sheets

   F-5

Statements of changes in shareholders’ equity

   F-6

Statements of cash flows

   F-7

Notes to consolidated financial statements

   F-9

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders of

TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

We have completed integrated audits of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited’s (the “Company”) consolidated financial statements and of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our opinions, based on our audits, are presented below.

Consolidated financial statements

We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s Board of Directors and management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our integrated audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by the Company’s Board of Directors and management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above, present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the results of their operations, changes in shareholders’ equity and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, in 2007 the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for income tax uncertainties.

Internal control over financial reporting

Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

The Company’s Board of Directors and management are responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and management is responsible for the assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying “Report of Teva Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” appearing under Item 15(b). Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting includes obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also includes performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (Continued)

To the Shareholders of

TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

As described in the Report of Teva Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 15(b), management has excluded Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Barr”) and Bentley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Bentley”) from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 because they were acquired by the Company in business combinations consummated during 2008. We have also excluded Barr and Bentley from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. Barr and Bentley are wholly owned subsidiaries of Teva, whose total assets and total net sales represent approximately 34% and 0.5%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2008.

 

Tel-Aviv, Israel    Kesselman & Kesselman

February 27, 2009

   Certified Public Accountants (Isr.)
  

A member of PricewaterhouseCoopers

International Limited

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2008    2007    2006
     (U.S. dollars in millions,
except earning per share data)

Net sales

   $ 11,085    $ 9,408    $ 8,408

Cost of sales

     5,117      4,531      4,149
                    

Gross profit

     5,968      4,877      4,259

Research and development expenses

     786      581      495

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     2,511      1,901      1,572

Acquisition of research and development in process

     1,402         1,295

Litigation settlement, impairment and restructuring expenses—net

     124         96
                    

Operating income

     1,145      2,395      801

Financial expense—net

     318      42      95
                    

Income before income taxes

     827      2,353      706

Provision for income taxes

     185      397      155
                    
     642      1,956      551

Share in losses of associated companies—net

     1      3      3

Minority interests in profits of subsidiaries—net

     6      1      2
                    

Net income

   $ 635    $ 1,952    $ 546
                    

Earnings per share:

        

Basic

   $ 0.81    $ 2.54    $ 0.72
                    

Diluted

   $ 0.78    $ 2.38    $ 0.69
                    

Weighted average number of shares (in millions):

        

Basic

     780      768      756
                    

Diluted

     820      830      805
                    

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

     December 31,  
           2008                 2007        
     (U.S. dollars in millions)  

Assets

    

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 1,854     $ 1,488  

Short-term investments

     53       1,387  

Accounts receivable

     4,653       3,546  

Inventories

     3,396       2,440  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     1,470       998  
                

Total current assets

     11,426       9,859  

Long-term investments and receivables

     425       632  

Property, plant and equipment, net

     3,699       2,515  

Identifiable intangible assets, net

     4,581       1,919  

Goodwill

     12,297       8,407  

Other assets, deferred taxes and deferred charges

     476       80  
                

Total assets

   $ 32,904     $ 23,412  
                

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

    

Current liabilities:

    

Short-term debt

   $ 2,906     $ 1,841  

Sales reserves and allowances

     2,708       1,733  

Accounts payable and accruals

     2,244       1,383  

Other current liabilities

     623       414  
                

Total current liabilities

     8,481       5,371  
                

Long-term liabilities:

    

Deferred income taxes

     1,723       459  

Other taxes payable

     621       326  

Employee-related obligations

     182       149  

Senior notes and loans

     3,654       1,914  

Convertible senior debentures

     1,883       1,433  
                

Total long-term liabilities

     8,063       4,281  
                

Commitments and contingencies, see note 12

    

Total liabilities

     16,544       9,652  
                

Minority interests

     60       36  
                

Shareholders’ equity:

    

Ordinary shares of NIS 0.10 par value per share; December 31, 2008 and 2007: authorized 1,500 million shares; issued and outstanding 889 million shares and 808 million shares, respectively

     48       46  

Additional paid-in capital

     11,498       8,254  

Retained earnings

     5,288       5,041  

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     390       1,365  

Treasury shares—December 31, 2008 and 2007—38 million and 40 million ordinary shares, respectively

     (924 )     (982 )
                

Total shareholders’ equity

     16,300       13,724  
                

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   $ 32,904     $ 23,412  
                

 

/s/    E. HURVITZ             /s/    S. YANAI        

E. Hurvitz

Chairman of the Board

   

S. Yanai

President and Chief Executive Officer

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2008     2007     2006  
     (U.S. dollars in millions)  

Share capital and additional paid-in capital

      

Balance, beginning of period

   $ 8,300     $ 7,923     $ 3,412  

Issuance of shares and stock options on acquisitions

     2,928       —         4,080  

Conversion of convertible senior debentures

     31       63       175  

Exercise of options by employees

     192       212       180  

Stock-based compensation expense

     63       67       48  

Excess tax benefit on options exercised

     32       35       28  
                        

Balance, end of period

   $ 11,546     $ 8,300     $ 7,923  
                        

Retained earnings and accumulated other comprehensive income

      

Balance, beginning of period

   $ 6,406     $ 4,049     $ 3,226  
                        

Net income

     635       1,952       546  

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

      

Unrealized losses from available-for-sale securities

     (319 )     (51 )     (4 )

Reclassification adjustment on available-for-sale securities

     369       *       2  

Currency translation adjustment

     (1,011 )     740       533  

Other

     (14 )     25       1  
                        

Total comprehensive income (loss)

     (340 )     2,666       1,078  
                        

Dividends

     (388 )     (299 )     (229 )

Initial adoption of FASB Interpretation No. 48

       (10 )  

Initial adoption of FASB Statement No. 158—net

     —         —         (26 )
                        

Balance, end of period

   $ 5,678     $ 6,406     $ 4,049  
                        

Treasury shares

      

Balance, beginning of period

   $ (982 )   $ (830 )   $ (596 )

Increase

       (152 )     (234 )

Decrease

     58      
                        

Balance, end of period

     (924 )     (982 )   $ (830 )
                        

Total shareholders’ equity

   $ 16,300     $ 13,724     $ 11,142  
                        

 

* Represents an amount of less than $0.5 million.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2008     2007     2006  
     (U.S. dollars in millions)  

Operating activities:

      

Net income

   $ 635     $ 1,952     $ 546  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided from operations:

      

Depreciation and amortization

     315       283       239  

Amortization of purchased intangible assets

     178       221       192  

Deferred income taxes—net and uncertain tax positions

     27       111       (89 )

Impairment and asset write offs

     476       17       36  

Acquisition of research and development in process

     1,402       —         1,277  

Stock-based compensation

     63       67       48  

Net change in certain assets and liabilities

     76       (854 )     (218 )

Other items—net

     59       16       27  
                        

Net cash provided by operating activities

     3,231       1,813       2,058  
                        

Investing activities:

      

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

     (681 )     (542 )     (390 )

Acquisitions of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired

     (4,749 )     (18 )     (3,587 )

Proceeds from realization of marketable securities

     3,381       4,520       4,161  

Purchase of marketable securities and other assets

     (2,155 )     (5,298 )     (4,205 )

Other items—net

     67       (15 )     (37 )
                        

Net cash used in investing activities

     (4,137 )     (1,353 )     (4,058 )
                        

Financing activities:

      

Proceeds from exercise of options by employees

     192       212       180  

Purchase of treasury shares

     —         (152 )     (234 )

Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior debentures

         1,375  

Excess tax benefit on options exercised

     33       36       50  

Proceeds from long-term loans and other long-term liabilities received

     39       37       1,539  

Discharge of long-term loans and other long-term liabilities

     (156 )     (66 )     (65 )

Proceeds raised in bridge loans

     1,750      

Net increase (decrease) in short-term credit

     30       (129 )     (585 )

Dividends paid

     (388 )     (299 )     (229 )

Redemption of convertible senior notes

     (141 )    

Other items—net

     (1 )     (1 )     (7 )
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     1,358       (362 )     2,024  
                        

Translation adjustment on cash and cash equivalents

     (86 )     58       32  
                        

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

     366       156       56  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

     1,488       1,332       1,276  
                        

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

   $ 1,854     $ 1,488     $ 1,332  
                        

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

DETAILS TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

 

     Year ended December 31,
       2008        2007        2006  
     (U.S. dollars in millions)

Interest paid

   $ 154    $ 179    $ 121
                    

Income taxes paid, net of refunds

   $ 160    $ 197    $ 284
                    

Net change in certain assets and liabilities

 

     Year ended December 31,  
       2008         2007         2006    
     (U.S. dollars in millions)  

Increase in accounts receivable

   (775 )   (316 )   (478 )

Increase in inventories

   (548 )   (421 )   (112 )

Increase (decrease) in sales reserves and allowances, accounts payable and accruals and other current liabilities

   1,399     (117 )   372  
                  
   76     (854 )   (218 )
                  

As discussed in note 2a:

 

   

On December 23, 2008, the Company completed the acquisition of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for a total consideration of $7.5 billion. An aggregate amount of $2.9 billion of Teva shares and stock options was issued as part of the consideration for the acquisition.

 

   

On July 22, 2008, the Company completed the acquisition of Bentley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The aggregate purchase price paid by Teva was $366 million in cash.

 

   

On February 21, 2008, the Company completed the acquisition of CoGenesys, Inc. Teva paid a cash purchase price of $412 million.

 

   

On January 26, 2006, the Company acquired Ivax Corporation for a total consideration of $7.9 billion. An aggregate amount of $4.1 billion of Teva shares and stock options were issued as part of the consideration for the acquisition.

As discussed in note 11, in 2008, 2007 and 2006, $89 million, $63 million and $182 million, respectively, of convertible senior debentures were converted into approximately 2 million, 3 million and 8 million Teva shares, respectively, of which 2 million shares in 2008 were treasury shares.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1—SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

 

a. General:

Operations

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited (the “Company”), headquartered in Israel, together with its subsidiaries and associated companies (“Teva” or the “Group”), is engaged in the development, manufacturing, marketing and distribution of Pharmaceuticals and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. The majority of the Group’s sales are in North America and Europe. The Group’s main manufacturing facilities are located in Israel, United States, Canada, Ireland, Croatia and Hungary.

Accounting principles

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”).

Functional currency

A major part of the Group’s operations is carried out by the Company and its subsidiaries in the United States and Israel. The functional currency of these entities is the U.S. dollar (“dollar” or “$”).

The functional currency of the remaining subsidiaries and associated companies in most instances is their respective local currency. The financial statements of those companies are included in consolidation, based on translation into U.S. dollars, in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“FAS”) 52 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board of the United States (“FASB”). Assets and liabilities are translated at year-end exchange rates, while revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the year. Differences resulting from translation are presented in shareholders’ equity, under accumulated other comprehensive income.

Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported years. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

As applicable to these consolidated financial statements, the most significant estimates and assumptions relate to sales reserves and allowances, income taxes, purchase price allocation on acquisitions, inventories, contingencies and valuation of goodwill, intangible assets and investments, mainly auction rate securities.

 

b. Principles of consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. In these financial statements, “subsidiaries” are companies that are over 50% controlled, the financial statements of which are consolidated with those of the Company. Significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation; significant profits from intercompany sales, not yet realized outside the Group, are also eliminated.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

c. Inventories:

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost of raw and packaging materials and purchased products is determined mainly on a “moving average” basis. Cost of finished products and products in process is determined as follows: the raw and packaging materials component—mainly on a “moving average” basis; the labor and overhead component—on an average basis over the production period.

 

d. Investee companies:

These investments are included among long-term investments and receivables. Investments in which the Company has a significant influence but which are not subsidiaries (“associated companies”) are accounted for by the equity method. Other non-marketable equity investments are carried at cost.

 

e. Marketable securities:

Marketable securities consist mainly of debt securities classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value. The fair value of quoted securities is based on current market value. When securities do not have an active market, fair value is determined using a valuation model. This model is based on reference to other instruments with similar characteristics, or a discounted cash flow analysis, or other pricing models making use of market inputs and relying as little as possible on entity-specific inputs. Changes in fair value, net of taxes, are reflected in other comprehensive income (loss). Unrealized losses considered to be temporary are reflected in other comprehensive income (loss); unrealized losses that are considered to be other-than-temporary are charged to income as an impairment charge.

 

f. Property, plant and equipment:

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, after deduction of the related investment grants, and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets: buildings, of between 25 to 50 years, mainly 33 years; machinery and equipment, 8-12 years; and other assets, ranging between 5 to 17 years, mainly 9 years.

 

g. Goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets:

Goodwill reflects the excess of the purchase price of subsidiaries acquired over the fair value of net assets acquired. Indefinite life intangible assets are comprised of trade names.

Goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets are not amortized but rather tested for impairment annually at December 31 of each year, or whenever events or circumstances present an indication of impairment.

 

h. Definite life intangible assets:

Definite life intangible assets consist mainly of acquired marketing and other rights relating to products in respect of which an approval for marketing was received from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or the equivalent agencies in other countries.

Definite life intangible assets are amortized mainly using the straight-line method over their estimated period of useful life, of between 8 to 20 years, mainly 15 years. Amortization of acquired developed products is recorded under cost of sales. Amortization of marketing and distribution rights is recorded under selling, general and administrative expenses.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

i. Impairment in value of long-lived assets:

The Company tests long-lived assets, including definite life intangible assets, for impairment, whenever events or circumstances present an indication of impairment. When required, the Company records charges for impairments of long-lived assets for the amount by which the present value of future cash flows, or some other fair value measure, is less than the carrying value of these assets.

 

j. Income taxes:

Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FIN 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FAS 109” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attributes for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company’s accounting policy, pursuant to the adoption of FIN 48, is to classify interest and penalties recognized in the financial statements relating to uncertain tax positions under the provision for income taxes.

The adoption resulted in a reclassification of certain tax liabilities from current to non-current and in no material cumulative impact to retained earnings. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of the date of adoption of FIN 48, inclusive of interest and penalties, amounted to $286 million, of which $230 million would have affected the effective tax rate if recognized.

Deferred taxes are determined utilizing the “asset and liability” method based on the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial accounting and tax bases of assets and liabilities under the applicable tax laws, and on tax rates anticipated to be in effect when the deferred taxes are expected to be paid or realized. Valuation allowance is provided if, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is “more likely than not” that a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In the event that a valuation allowance relating to a business acquisition is subsequently reduced, the adjustment reduces the original amount allocated to goodwill under FAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” (“FAS 141”). Deferred tax liabilities and assets are classified as current or non-current based on the classification of the related asset or liability for financial reporting, or according to the expected reversal dates of the specific temporary differences where appropriate.

Deferred tax has not been provided on the following items:

(1) Taxes that would apply in the event of disposal of investments in subsidiaries, as it is generally the Company’s intention to hold these investments, not to realize them.

(2) Amounts of tax-exempt income generated from the Company’s current approved enterprises (see note 14) as Teva intends to permanently reinvest these and does not intend to distribute dividends from such income.

(3) Dividends distributable from the income of foreign companies in the Group, as the Company does not expect these companies to distribute dividends in the foreseeable future. If these dividends were to be paid, the Company would have to pay additional taxes at a rate of up to 20% on the distribution, and the amount would be recorded as an income tax expense in the period the dividend is declared.

 

k. Treasury shares:

Treasury shares are presented as a reduction of shareholders’ equity, at their cost to Teva, under “Treasury shares”.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

l. Revenue recognition:

Revenue is recognized when title and risk and rewards for the products are transferred to the customer, with provisions such as estimated chargebacks, returns, customer volume rebates, discounts and shelf stock adjustments established concurrently with the recognition of revenue, and deducted from sales.

Provisions for chargebacks, returns, rebates and other promotional items are included in “sales reserves and allowances” under “current liabilities”. Provisions for doubtful debts and prompt payment discounts are netted against “Accounts receivable.”

The calculation is based on historical experience and the specific terms in the individual agreements. Chargebacks are the largest component of sales reserves. Provisions for estimating chargebacks are determined using historical chargeback experience, or expected chargeback levels and wholesaler sales information for new products, which are compared to externally obtained distribution channel reports for reasonableness. Shelf-stock adjustments are granted to customers based on the existing inventory of a customer following decreases in the invoice or contract price of the related product. Where there is a historical experience of Teva’s agreeing to customer returns, Teva records a reserve for estimated sales returns by applying historical experience of customer returns to the amounts invoiced and the amount of returned products to be destroyed versus products that can be placed back in inventory for resale.

 

m. Research and development expenses:

Research and development expenses are charged to income as incurred. Participations and grants in respect of research and development expenses are recognized as a reduction of research and development expenses as the related costs are incurred, or as the related milestone is met. Upfront fees received in connection with cooperation agreements are deferred and recognized over the period of the applicable agreements as a reduction of research and development expenses.

Nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities are deferred and capitalized. Such amounts are recognized as an expense as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed.

In connection with a business combination, amounts assigned to tangible and intangible assets to be used in a particular research and development project that have not reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use are charged to “acquisition of research and development in process” at the acquisition date.

 

n. Concentration of credit risks:

Most of the Group’s cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities were deposited with U.S., European and Israeli banks and other financial institutions and amounted to $2.1 billion at December 31, 2008. Marketable securities comprise available-for-sale securities, mainly treasury bills. As of December 31, 2008, Teva held auction rate securities with a principal amount of $450 million, compared with $655 million held on December 31, 2007. The decrease resulted from the sale of $218 million principal amount of such securities. Based on a valuation model, the fair value of these securities was reduced by approximately $352 million on an accumulated basis, of which $343 million is considered “other than temporary” and thus charged to earnings under finance expenses. $9 million is recorded as a balance sheet item under accumulated other comprehensive income. As a result, the value of the auction rate securities held by Teva at December 31, 2008 amounted to $98 million, which represents approximately 5% of Teva’s cash and marketable securities.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

In general, the exposure to the concentration of credit risks relating to trade receivables is limited, due to the relatively large number of Group customers and their wide geographic distribution. The Group performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers for the purpose of determining the appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts and generally does not require collateral. An appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts is included in the accounts.

 

o. Derivatives:

Teva carries out transactions involving foreign exchange derivative financial instruments (mainly forward exchange contracts and written and purchased currency options). The transactions are designed to hedge the currency exposure on identifiable assets and liabilities in currencies other than the functional currency.

Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting under FAS 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities are recognized on the balance sheet at their fair value, with changes in the fair value carried to the statements of income and included in “financial expenses—net”. Derivatives that qualify as a fair value hedge under FAS 133 are recognized on the balance sheet at their fair value, with changes in the fair value carried concurrently with the carrying amount of the hedged asset or liability.

Net premiums and discounts received on economic hedges amounted to $140 million, $90 million and $14 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The cash flows associated with these derivatives are reflected as cash flows from operating activities in the statements of cash flows.

 

p. Cash and cash equivalents:

All highly liquid investments, which include short-term (up to three months) bank deposits and money market instruments, that are not restricted as to withdrawal or use and short-term debentures, the period to maturity of which did not exceed three months at the time of investment, are considered to be cash equivalents.

 

q. Earnings per share:

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of ordinary shares (including special shares exchangeable into ordinary shares and fully vested restricted stock units (“RSUs”)) outstanding during the year, net of treasury shares.

In computing diluted earnings per share, basic earnings per share are adjusted to take into account the potential dilution that could occur upon: (i) the exercise of options and non-vested RSUs granted under employee stock compensation plans, using the treasury stock method; and (ii) the conversion of convertible senior debentures and subordinated notes using the “if-converted” method, by adding to net income interest expense on the debentures and amortization of issuance costs, net of tax benefits, and by adding the weighted average number of shares issuable upon assumed conversion of the debentures and subordinated notes.

 

r. Comprehensive income:

Comprehensive income, net of related taxes where applicable, includes, in addition to net income: (i) currency translation adjustments; (ii) unrealized holding gains and losses on available-for-sale securities; (iii) gains in respect of derivative instruments designated as a cash flow hedge and (iv) additional minimum pension liability.

 

s. Stock-based compensation:

The Company accounts for stock based compensation to employees in accordance with FASB Statement No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS No. 123(R)”), which was adopted effectively commencing

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

January 2006. The Company estimates the fair value of employee stock options using a Black-Scholes valuation model and values restricted stock units (“RSUs”) based on the market value of the underlying shares at the date of grant. The Company amortizes compensation costs using the graded vesting attribution method.

 

t. Shipping and handling costs:

Shipping and handling costs, which amounted to $154 million, $126 million and $128 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

 

u. Reclassifications:

Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

 

v. Fair value measurement:

Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”), for financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value. (Refer to Note 3.) This pronouncement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

 

w. Recently issued accounting pronouncements:

On November 14, 2007, the FASB agreed to a one-year deferral for the implementation of SFAS No. 157 for non-financial assets and liabilities. The Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS No. 157 for non-financial assets and liabilities on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2008, the FASB ratified EITF Issue No. 08-07, “Accounting for Defensive Intangible Assets” (EITF 08-7). EITF 08-7 gives guidance for accounting for defensive intangible assets subsequent to their acquisition in accordance with SFAS No. 141R and SFAS No. 157, including the estimated useful life that should be assigned to such assets. EITF 08-7 is effective for intangible assets acquired on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently assessing the impact of EITF 08-7 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP 132(R)-1, “Employers’ Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets” (FSP 132(R)-1). FSP 132(R)-1 provides guidance on an employer’s disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. FSP 132(R)-1 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009. The adoption of this pronouncement will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In May 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position No. APB 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement)” (the “FSP”), which clarifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash (including partial cash settlement) upon conversion. The FSP requires issuers to account separately for the liability and equity components of certain convertible debt instruments in a manner that reflects the issuer’s nonconvertible debt (unsecured debt) borrowing rate when interest cost is recognized. The FSP requires bifurcation of a component of the debt, classification of that component in equity and the accretion of the resulting discount on the debt to be recognized as part of interest expense in our consolidated statement of operations. The FSP requires retroactive application to the terms of instruments as they existed for all periods presented. The FSP is effective for us as of January 1, 2009, and early adoption is not permitted. The adoption of this FSP will primarily affect the accounting for the Company’s 0.25% Senior Convertible Debentures due 2026 and 1.75% Senior Convertible Debentures due 2026 and will result in

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

increased interest expense of approximately $28 million in 2009, and a negligible effect on diluted earnings per share. The retroactive application of this FSP to years 2006 through 2008 will result in increased annual interest expense of approximately $47 million, $54 million and $30 million in years 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets” (“FSP 142-3”). FSP 142-3 amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions on legal and contractual provisions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” FSP 142-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently assessing the impact of FSP 142-3 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” (“SFAS No. 161”) as an amendment to SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” SFAS No. 161 requires that objectives for using derivative instruments be disclosed in terms of underlying risk and accounting designation. The fair value of derivative instruments and their gains and losses will need to be presented in tabular format in order to present a more complete picture of the effects of using derivative instruments. SFAS No. 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this pronouncement.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“FAS 141R”). FAS 141R provides revised guidance on how acquirers recognize and measure the consideration, identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, contingencies, non-controlling interests and goodwill acquired in a business combination, and expands disclosure requirements surrounding the nature and financial effects of business combinations. Key changes include: acquired in-process research and development will no longer be expensed on acquisition, but capitalized and assessed for impairment where relevant and amortized over its useful life; acquisition costs will be expensed as incurred; restructuring costs will generally be expensed in periods after the acquisition date; the consideration in shares would be valued at closing date; and in the event that a deferred tax valuation allowance relating to a business acquisition, including from prior years, is subsequently reduced, the adjustment will be recognized in the statement of income. Early adoption is not permitted. As applicable to Teva, this statement will be effective, on a prospective basis, as of the year beginning January 1, 2009. The Company believes that the initial adoption of FAS 141R will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. However, if the Company consummates business combinations after the adoption of FAS 141R, this could significantly impact the consolidated financial statements as compared to prior acquisitions which were accounted for under existing GAAP requirements, due to the changes described above.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin 51” (“FAS 160”), which establishes accounting and reporting standards for non-controlling interests in a subsidiary and deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Early adoption is not permitted. As applicable to Teva, this statement will be effective as of the year beginning January 1, 2009. The adoption of FAS 160 will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2—CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS:

 

a. Acquisitions:

1) Acquisition of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

On December 23, 2008, Teva acquired the total shareholdings and control of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Barr”) for $4.6 billion in cash and approximately 69 million shares, representing approximately 8% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Teva at that time. For accounting purposes, the transaction was valued at

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

$7.5 billion (including transaction costs), based on the aggregate of the cash consideration and the average of the closing price of Teva’s share during the five day period commencing two trading days before the announcement date of the merger with Barr. The cash consideration of $4.6 billion was financed with Teva’s own resources and bridge loans received from Israeli banks.

Barr, a major generic pharmaceutical company worldwide, is a global company that operates in more than 30 countries, and is engaged in the development, manufacture and marketing of generic and proprietary pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceuticals and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Teva expects the acquisition will further enhance Teva’s leadership position in the U.S. and significantly strengthen its position in key European and Central and Eastern European markets.

The acquisition of Barr was accounted for by the purchase method. The consideration for the acquisition was attributed to net assets on the basis of fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on an appraisal performed by management, which included a number of factors, including the assistance of independent appraisers. The allocation of the purchase price to the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed in this acquisition is preliminary, as the business combination was consummated on December 23, 2008, and has not been finalized. The final allocation could differ from this preliminary allocation. The results of operations are to be included in the consolidated financial statements of Teva commencing January 1, 2009.

Under the terms of the merger agreement, Barr shareholders received 0.6272 Teva shares and $39.90 in cash for each Barr share.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with reference to Barr’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2008, which was included in Teva’s balance sheet:

 

     U.S. $
in millions

Current assets

   $ 2,391

Investments and other non-current assets

     192

Property, plant and equipment

     1,006

Identifiable intangible assets:

  

Existing products and trade name

     2,843

Research and development in-process

     988

Goodwill

     4,322
      

Total assets acquired

     11,742
      

Current liabilities

     1,371

Long-term liabilities, including deferred taxes

     2,809

Minority interest

     26
      

Total liabilities assumed

     4,206
      

Net assets acquired

   $ 7,536
      

Cost of investment

  

Issuance of shares and stock options

   $ 2,928

Cash paid

     4,574

Transaction costs

     34
      
   $ 7,536
      

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

An amount of $988 million of the purchase price was allocated to the estimated fair value of purchased research and development in process, which, as of the closing date of the merger, had not reached technological feasibility and had no alternative future use, and, in accordance with US GAAP, was charged to operating expenses upon acquisition.

In-process R&D related to approximately 40 products and product groups, having values of up to approximately $160 million, with an average value of approximately $30 million per product, and includes 3 products with a value in excess of 10% of the total value. A probability of success factor was used to reflect inherent technological and regulatory risks. The net cash inflows were discounted to present values, using a range of discount rates of between 11% and 14% and other assumptions, which take into account the stage of completion, nature and timing of efforts for completion, risks and uncertainties, and other key factors, which may vary among the individual products. Material net cash inflows are expected to commence during 2010.

Identifiable intangible assets, including purchased research and development in process, were valued using a variation of the income approach known as the “Multi-Period Excess Earnings Approach”. This method utilized a forecast of expected cash inflows (including adjustments, as appropriate, for regulatory and commercial risks), cash outflows and contributory charges for economic returns on tangible and intangible assets employed.

An amount of $2,843 million of the purchase price was allocated primarily to existing products, as described above. The Company is amortizing existing products over periods ranging from 5 to 15 years. Additional restructuring provisions recorded include $341 million, mainly related to severance pay, termination of certain agreements and other exit costs. The excess of cost of acquisition over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets on acquisition not attributed to acquired in-process research and development, amounted to $4,322 million, and was allocated to goodwill.

Below are certain pro forma combined statement of income data for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, as if the acquisition of Barr had occurred on January 1, 2008 and 2007, respectively, after giving effect to: (a) purchase accounting adjustments, including amortization of identifiable intangible assets, mainly product rights; (b) estimated additional interest expense due to: (i) variable interest debt acquired in connection with the merger; and (ii) add-back of interest income on Teva’s cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities used as cash consideration in the acquisition; (c) pharmaceutical products divested as part of the regulatory requirements for approving the deal, and the expensing of acquired research and development in process; (d) elimination of intercompany sales; (e) elimination of net sales related to the divestiture of certain overlapping products; and (f) inclusion of shares and options issued consequent to the acquisition in the earning per share computation. This pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the combined results that would have been attained had the acquisition taken place at the beginning of 2008 and 2007, respectively, nor is it necessarily indicative of future results.

 

     Year Ended December 31,
           2008                2007      
     (U.S. $ in millions, except
earnings per share)
(Unaudited)

Net sales

   $ 13,747    $ 11,733
             

Net income

   $ 171    $ 544
             

Earnings per share:

     

Basic

   $ 0.20    $ 0.65
             

Diluted

   $ 0.20    $ 0.61
             

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

2) Acquisition of Bentley Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

On July 22, 2008, Teva acquired the total shareholdings and control of Bentley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Bentley”), which at the conclusion of the transaction was comprised solely of its generic pharmaceutical operations. The aggregate purchase price paid by Teva was $366 million in cash, including transaction costs, funded from its internal resources.

Bentley manufactures and markets a portfolio of approximately 130 branded and generics pharmaceutical products in various dosages and strengths to physicians, pharmacists and hospitals. Bentley markets its products primarily in Spain, but also sells generic pharmaceuticals in other parts of the European Union.

This transaction was accounted for by the purchase method. The consideration for the acquisition was attributed to net assets on the basis of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of July 22, 2008, based on an appraisal performed by management, which included a number of factors, including the assistance of independent appraisers. The results of operations of Bentley have been included in the consolidated statements of income commencing August 1, 2008. Approximately $170 million was allocated to identifiable intangible assets, comprised mainly of existing products. The Company is amortizing identifiable intangible assets over periods ranging from 8 to 15 years, mainly 15 years. An amount of $32 million was allocated to research and development in process, representing an estimate of the fair value of purchased in-process technology for research projects that, as of the closing date of the merger, had not reached technological feasibility and had no alternative future use. This amount was charged to operating expenses upon acquisition, in accordance with US GAAP.

3) Acquisition of CoGenesys, Inc.

On February 21, 2008, Teva acquired the total shareholdings and control of CoGenesys, Inc. (“CoGenesys”), a privately held biopharmaceutical company with a broad-based biotechnology platform and focused on the development of peptide- and protein-based medicines across broad therapeutic categories. CoGenesys was established in 2005 as a division within Human Genome Sciences, Inc. to focus on early drug development and was spun off as an independent company in June 2006. Under the terms of the agreement, Teva paid a cash purchase price of $412 million, including transaction costs, funded from its internal resources.

This transaction was accounted for by the purchase method. The consideration for the acquisition was attributed to net assets on the basis of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of February 21, 2008, based on an appraisal performed by management, which included a number of factors, including the assistance of independent appraisers.

The results of operations of CoGenesys have been included in the consolidated statements of income commencing March 1, 2008.

An amount of $382 million was allocated to research and development in process, representing an estimate of the fair value of purchased in-process technology for research projects that, as of the closing date of the merger, had not reached technological feasibility and had no alternative future use. Research and development in process related to 5 products, having values of up to $171 million, with an average value of $76 million per product. These drug development projects are still in clinical trials and were valued using the income approach, known as the Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method. This amount was charged to operating expenses upon acquisition, in accordance with US GAAP. An amount of $30 million was allocated to net tangible assets and liabilities.

4) Acquisition of Ivax Corporation

On January 26, 2006, Teva acquired Ivax Corporation (“Ivax”), a multinational generic pharmaceutical company with operations mainly in the United States, Europe and Latin America, for $3.8 billion in cash and

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

123 million shares, representing approximately 16% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Teva at that time. For accounting purposes, the transaction was valued at $7.9 billion (including transaction costs and vested stock options granted by Teva in exchange for Ivax’s vested stock options).

The cash consideration of $3.8 billion was financed with Teva’s own resources and the issuance of senior notes and convertible senior debentures (see notes 10 and 11).

The acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method. The results of operations of Ivax were included in the consolidated financial statements of Teva commencing February 1, 2006. The consideration for the acquisition was attributed to net assets on the basis of fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on an appraisal performed by management, which included a number of factors, including the assistance of independent appraisers. The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with reference to Ivax’s balance sheet data as of January 31, 2006:

 

     U.S. $
in millions
 

Current assets

   $ 1,580  

Investments and other non-current assets

     63  

Property, plant and equipment

     592  

Identifiable intangible assets:

  

Existing products and trade name

     1,421  

Research and development in-process

     1,277  

Goodwill

     5,372  
        

Total assets acquired

     10,305  
        

Current liabilities

     (1,249 )

Long-term liabilities, including deferred taxes

     (1,130 )

Minority interest

     (12 )
        

Total liabilities assumed

     (2,391 )
        

Net assets acquired

   $ 7,914  
        

Cost of investment

  

Issuance of shares and stock options

   $ 4,080  

Cash paid

     3,834  
        
   $ 7,914  
        

An amount of $1,277 million of the purchase price was allocated to the estimated fair value of purchased research and development in process, which, as of the closing date of the merger, had not reached technological feasibility and had no alternative future use, and, in accordance with US GAAP, was charged to operating expenses upon acquisition.

In-process R&D related to 54 products and product groups, having values of up to $215 million, with an average value of $24 million per product, and includes 2 products with a value in excess of 10% of the total value. A probability of success factor was used to reflect inherent technological and regulatory risks. The net cash inflows were discounted to present values, using a discount rate of 11% and other assumptions, which take into account the stage of completion, nature and timing of efforts for completion, risks and uncertainties, and other key factors, which may vary among the individual products. Material net cash inflows commenced during 2006.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

An amount of $1,421 million of the purchase price was allocated primarily to existing products, as described above. The Company is amortizing existing products over periods ranging from 3 to 18 years. Additional restructuring provisions recorded include $139 million, mainly related to severance pay, termination of certain agreements and tax-related provisions, of which an amount of $132 million has been paid through December 31, 2008. The excess of cost of acquisition over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets on acquisition not attributed to acquired in-process research and development amounted to $5,372 million, and was allocated to goodwill.

Event subsequent to December 31, 2008—Sale of Animal Health

On January 29, 2009 Teva sold its Israeli animal health unit for a consideration of approximately $47 million.

 

b. Significant cooperation agreements:

The Company has entered into alliances and other arrangements with third parties to acquire rights to products it does not have and to otherwise share development cost or litigation risks. The Company’s most significant agreements of this nature are summarized below.

 

  1) With Kowa:

On September 24, 2008, Teva and Kowa Company, Ltd. signed a definitive agreement to establish a leading generic pharmaceutical company in Japan. The company, Teva-Kowa Pharma Co. Ltd., will seek to leverage the marketing, research and development, manufacturing and distribution capabilities of both companies to become a supplier of high quality generic pharmaceutical products for the Japanese market. Each company will have a 50% stake in Teva-Kowa Pharma Co. Ltd., which will become operational in 2009.

 

  2) With Lonza:

On January 20, 2009, Teva signed a definitive agreement with Lonza Group Ltd. to establish a joint venture to develop, manufacture and market a number of affordable, effective and safe generic equivalents of a selected portfolio of biologic pharmaceuticals. The joint venture is expected to commence activities during the first quarter of 2009, subject to applicable regulatory approvals.

 

  3) With Lundbeck:

The Company entered into a cooperation agreement with H. Lundbeck A/S (“Lundbeck”), under which Lundbeck and Teva jointly market Azilect®, an innovative product of the Company for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, in certain key European countries. Lundbeck participated in the research and development expenses of Teva at varying rates.

Lundbeck exclusively markets Azilect® in the remaining European countries and certain other international markets.

 

  4) With Impax and Anchen:

In December 2006, Teva entered into an agreement with Impax and Anchen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the marketing of the generic version of Wellbutrin XL® tablets, 300 mg, the branded product marketed by GlaxoSmithKline. In accordance with the agreement, Anchen took the regulatory steps necessary to permit Impax to obtain final FDA approval of Impax’s bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets, 300 mg and for Teva to sell the product within Anchen’s 180-day exclusivity period. In return, Anchen will receive certain payments, both during and after the exclusivity period. Pursuant to Teva’s 2001 agreement with Impax, Teva has U.S. marketing rights to Impax’s version of this product and commenced sales in December 2006. In addition, Teva received a license to sell the generic version of Wellbutrin® ER tablets, 150 mg, beginning in 2008.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

  5) With Sanofi-Aventis:

Under agreements entered into by Teva and Sanofi-Aventis, the sale and distribution, in North America, Europe and certain other countries, of Copaxone®, an innovative product of the Company for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, have been carried out by Sanofi-Aventis. Under the agreements, certain sales and marketing costs incurred by Teva were reimbursed by Sanofi-Aventis. Such reimbursements were recorded as a reduction of selling, general and administrative expenses.

Marketing of Copaxone® in the U.S. and Canada is done by Teva under the name “Teva Neuroscience.” In the core European countries, Copaxone® is jointly marketed by Teva and Sanofi-Aventis.

In April 2008, Teva took over the U.S. and Canadian distribution of Copaxone®. Under the terms of the agreements, Sanofi-Aventis is entitled to payment by Teva of previously agreed-upon termination consideration of 25% of the in-market sales of Copaxone® for an additional two-year period, which is recorded under selling, general and administrative expenses. As a consequence of the agreement, since April 1, 2008, Teva reflects higher North American sales, at in-market prices, of Copaxone®. Also, since such date, certain sales and marketing costs incurred by Teva are no longer reimbursed by Sanofi-Aventis; previously, such reimbursements were recorded as a reduction of selling, general and administrative expenses.

Commencing in 2010, but mainly by February 2012, Teva expects to take over the distribution of Copaxone® in Europe and other territories covered under these agreements, at which time Sanofi-Aventis will be entitled to pre-agreed termination payments for a period of two years, after which these agreements with Sanofi-Aventis will terminate.

 

c. Agreements with related parties:

In September 2008, Teva granted OPKO Ophthalmics, LLC an exclusive worldwide license to use Teva’s existing nebulized budesonide inhalation solution to develop and commercialize a therapeutic treatment exclusively for ophthalmic indications. OPKO Ophthalmics, LLC is a development stage specialty healthcare company owned by a public holding company, OPKO Health, Inc., which is controlled by Dr. Phillip Frost, Teva’s Vice Chairman of the Board, through individual and private investment holdings. Dr. Frost also serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors and CEO of OPKO Health, Inc.

In May 2008, Teva entered a Share Purchase Agreement and Research and Exclusive License Option Agreement with NovoTyr Therapeutics Ltd., which develops novel inhibitors of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R). NovoTyr was established in 2005 in Meytav Incubator, whose Chairman until December 2008 was Aharon Schwartz, Teva’s VP—Innovative Ventures. Meytav is controlled by Biomedix, which is controlled by Pontifax. Eli Hurvitz, Teva’s Chairman of the Board, is Chairman of the Board of Pontifax and owns certain equity interests in Pontifax.

In 2007, Teva entered into an agreement to purchase a facility located at 30 Novopharm Court, Toronto, Canada and an additional leased facility in Stouffville, Ontario, Canada related to Novopharm’s operations for CAD $41.5 million. The sellers of both facilities are companies controlled by members of the family of Leslie Dan, a former director of Teva.

In January 2007, Teva and Se-cure Pharmaceuticals Ltd. entered into a Marketing, Selling and Distribution Agreement for Femarelle, a food supplement. Pursuant to the Agreement, Teva has the exclusive right to market, sell and distribute Femarelle in Israel. Dr. Ben-Zion Weiner, Teva’s Chief R&D Officer, holds a right to receive 4% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Se-cure and is also a member of its scientific advisory board.

Teva and Jexys Medical Research Services & Development Co. Ltd entered in December 2006 into an agreement for the development of up to five prototype molecules, using Jexys’ platform technology. As part of

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

the agreement, Jexys granted Teva an option to receive an exclusive, worldwide royalty-bearing license for the commercialization of products in exchange for certain milestone payments and royalties. In August 2008, Teva and Jexys entered a Share Purchase Agreement, under which Teva will invest in Jexys while maintaining its option for exclusive license. Harold Snyder, a recently deceased director of Teva, was a shareholder of Jexys, and Arik Yaari, Teva’s Group Vice President—Teva Generic Systems, is a director and shareholder of Jexys.

In 2006, Teva and Protalix Ltd. signed a collaboration and licensing agreement for the development, using Protalix’s plant cell culture platform, of two proteins. Eli Hurvitz, Teva’s Chairman of the Board, is Chairman of the Board of Protalix. Mr. Hurvitz and Dr. Phillip Frost, Teva’s Vice Chairman of the Board, each own certain equity interests in Protalix.

During 2006, the former headquarters of Ivax, together with certain related equipment and service contracts, were sold to an affiliate of Dr. Frost for $18 million. Ivax, in turn, leased back a portion of the facility for an annual rent of $2 million (including operational and service costs).

NOTE 3—FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT:

Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”), for financial assets and liabilities, and related FSP’s, including FSP FAS 157-3, “Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active” (“FSP FAS 157-3”). This pronouncement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. As defined in SFAS No. 157 and clarified by FSP FAS 157-3, fair value is based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In order to increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements, SFAS No. 157 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels, which are described below:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.

Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.

In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

Financial items measured at fair value as of December 31, 2008 are classified in the table below in one of the three categories described above:

 

     December 31, 2008
U.S. $ in millions
 
     Level 1    Level 2     Level 3    Total  

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 1,854    $ —       $ —      $ 1,854  

Marketable securities:*

          

Auction rate securities

     —        —         98      98  

Collateral debt obligations

     13      1       —        14  

Equity securities

     11      —         —        11  

Structures

     —        36       —        36  

Other

     53      —         —        53  

Derivatives—net**

     —        (61 )     —        (61 )
                              

Total

   $ 1,931    $ (24 )   $ 98    $ 2,005  
                              

 

* Marketable securities consist mainly of debt securities classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value. Level 1 input—refer to the measurement of fair value based on current market value. Level 2 input—refer to the measurement of fair value based on observable prices. When securities do not have an active market or observable prices, fair value is determined using a valuation model—Level 3 input. This model is based on reference to other instruments with similar characteristics, or a discounted cash flow analysis, or other pricing models making use of market inputs and relying as little as possible on entity-specific inputs. Changes in fair value, net of taxes, are reflected in other comprehensive income. Unrealized losses considered to be temporary are reflected in other comprehensive income; unrealized losses that are considered to be other-than-temporary are charged to income as an impairment charge.
** Derivatives primarily represent foreign currency and option contracts and interest rate swaps which are valued primarily based on observable inputs including interest rate curves and both forward and spot prices for currencies.

The following table summarizes the activity for those financial assets (auction rate securities) where fair value measurements are estimated utilizing Level 3 inputs.

 

     U.S. $
in millions
 

Carrying value as of January 1, 2008

   $ 331  

Change from Level 1 to Level 3 due to lack of active market

     58  

Amount realized

     (8 )

Acquisition of Barr

     13  

Net change to fair value:

  

Included in earnings—financial expenses

     (343 )

Included in other comprehensive income

     47  
        

Carrying value as of December 31, 2008

   $ 98  
        

Financial income in 2008 included a $100 million cash payment received in connection with a settlement agreement with an institution regarding Teva’s auction rate securities portfolio, which Teva continues to hold.

The financial instruments of the Group consist mainly of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, current and non-current receivables, short-term credit, accounts payable and accruals, long-term loans and other long-term senior notes and loans, convertible senior debentures and derivatives.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

The fair value of the financial instruments included in working capital and non-current receivables of the Group is usually identical or close to their carrying value (refer to note 1n). The fair value of long-term bank loans and senior notes also approximates their carrying value, since they bear interest at rates close to the prevailing market rates. The fair value of the convertible senior notes and debentures, included under long-term liabilities, based on quoted market values and prevailing market rates, amounted to $3,640 million at December 31, 2008 (December 31, 2007—$3,234 million).

The fair values and the carrying amounts of derivatives and senior convertible notes and debentures with an earliest date of redemption within 12 months are assets of $65 million and liabilities of $689 million at December 31, 2008, and assets of $50 million and liabilities of $1,490 million at December 31, 2007. The fair value of derivatives generally reflects the estimated amounts that Teva would receive or pay to terminate the contracts at the reporting dates.

NOTE 4—MARKETABLE SECURITIES:

 

  1) Available-for-sale securities: Comprised mainly of debt securities.

At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the fair value, cost and gross unrealized holding gains and losses of such securities were as follows:

 

     Fair
value
   Cost    Gross
unrealized
holding gains
   Gross
unrealized
holding losses
     (U.S. $ in millions)

December 31, 2008

   $ 429    $ 823    $ 5    $ 9

December 31, 2007

   $ 1,847    $ 1,902    $ 4    $ 59

As of December 31, 2008, the gross unrealized holding losses of $9 million included failed auction rate securities, which were in an unrealized loss position. These are comprised primarily of auction rate securities. Fair value for those auction rate securities, as explained in note 1e, was determined using a valuation model. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include the length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than the cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee based on the credit rating, and our intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. We place our cash investments in fixed income instruments that meet high credit quality standards, as specified in our investment policy guidelines. These guidelines also limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issue, issuer or type of instrument.

 

  2) Marketable securities, which comprise substantially all of available-for-sale debt securities, are classified as long-term or short-term based on the intended time of realizing the security.

Marketable securities are presented in the balance sheets as follows:

 

     December 31,
         2008            2007    
     (U.S. $ in millions)

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 217    $ 26

Short-term investments

     53      1,387

Long-term investments and receivables

     159      434
             
   $ 429    $ 1,847
             

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

The contractual maturities of debt securities, including treasury bills, are as follows:

 

     December 31, 2008
     (U.S. $ in millions)

2009

   $ 253

2010

     20

2011

     24

2012

     —  

2013

     8

2014 and thereafter

     113
      
   $ 418
      

NOTE 5—INVENTORIES:

 

     December 31,
     2008    2007
     (U.S. $ in millions)

Raw and packaging materials

   $ 903    $ 663

Products in process

     559      330

Finished products

     1,904      1,417
             
     3,366      2,410

Materials in transit and payments on account

     30      30
             
   $ 3,396    $ 2,440
             

NOTE 6—PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:

Property, plant and equipment, net, consisted of the following:

 

     December 31,
     2008    2007
     (U.S. $ in millions)

Land*

   $ 293    $ 161

Buildings

     1,568      1,063

Machinery and equipment

     2,363      1,935

Motor vehicles, computer equipment, furniture and other assets

     742      599

Payments on account

     277      154
             
     5,243      3,912

Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization

     1,544      1,397
             
   $ 3,699    $ 2,515
             

 

* Land includes long-term leasehold rights in various locations, with weighted average useful lives of approximately 99 years.

Depreciation and amortization expenses were $308 million, $273 million and $230 million in the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

NOTE 7—GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS:

 

a. Goodwill:

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 are as follows:

 

     Pharmaceuticals     API     Total  
     (U.S. $ in millions)  

Balance as of January 1, 2007

   $ 7,346     $ 692     $ 8,038  

Changes during 2007:

      

Goodwill acquired during the year

     25       —         25  

Translation differences

     273       97       370  

Uncertain tax positions relating to goodwill on adoption of FIN 48

     8       —         8  

Reduction of goodwill—mainly due to tax effect on exercise of stock options

     (34 )     —         (34 )
                        

Balance as of December 31, 2007

   $ 7,618     $ 789     $ 8,407  

Changes during 2008:

      

Goodwill acquired during the year

     4,452       38       4,490  

Translation differences

     (557 )     (19 )     (576 )

Reduction of goodwill—mainly due to tax effect on exercise of stock options

     (24 )     —         (24 )
                        

Balance as of December 31, 2008

   $ 11,489     $ 808     $ 12,297  
                        

 

b. Intangible assets:

 

  1) Intangible assets consisted of the following:

 

     Original amount    Accumulated
amortization
   Amortized balance
     December 31,
     2008    2007    2008    2007    2008    2007
     (U.S. $ in millions)

Product rights

   $ 5,259    $ 2,540    $ 769    $ 692    $ 4,490    $ 1,848

Trade names

     91      71      —        —        91      71
                                         

Total

   $ 5,350    $ 2,611    $ 769    $ 692    $ 4,581    $ 1,919
                                         

 

  2) Amortization of intangible assets amounted to $180 million, $221 million and $190 million in the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. As of December 31, 2008, the estimated aggregate amortization of intangible assets for the years 2009 to 2013 is as follows: 2009—$454 million; 2010—$512 million; 2011—$423 million; 2012—$410 million and 2013—$397 million.

 

c. As of December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company determined that there is no impairment with respect to either goodwill or other indefinite lived intangible assets.
     During 2008, Teva recorded $107 million impairment charges related to product rights, which has been included under Litigation settlement, impairment and restructuring expenses—net.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

NOTE 8—SHORT TERM DEBT:

 

     December 31,
     2008    2007
     (U.S. $ in millions)

Banks and other financial institutions

   $ 2,097    $ 327

Convertible debentures

     575      1,254

Current portion of long term senior notes and loans

     234      260
             
   $ 2,906    $ 1,841
             

Short-term debt is comprised of loans, mainly from banks, senior convertible notes and debentures with an earliest date of redemption within 12 months, current portion of long-term loans and bank overdrafts. Loans were obtained from banks at a weighted average interest rate of 1.7% and 2.5% at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

In December 2008, Teva received $1.75 billion bridge loans facilities in connection with the Barr acquisition. Those loans are expected to be repaid during the course of 2009.

As of December 31, 2008, the Group had approximately $713 million available under unused lines of credit. In addition, in December 2008, we signed a financing agreement with the European Investment Bank (EIB) under which we received €200 million in January 2009 to invest in our European generic and biogeneric R&D activities amounting to at least €400 million over the next four years.

NOTE 9—LONG-TERM EMPLOYEE-RELATED OBLIGATIONS:

 

a. Long-term employee-related obligations consisted of the following:

 

     December 31,
         2008            2007    
     (U.S. $ in millions)

Accrued severance pay

   $ 124    $ 104

Defined benefit plans

     58      45
             

Total

   $ 182    $ 149
             

As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Group had $91 million and $97 million, respectively, deposited in funds managed by financial institutions that are earmarked by management to cover severance pay liability in respect of Israeli employees. Such deposits are not considered to be “plan assets” and are therefore included in long-term investments and receivables.

The Company expects to contribute approximately $70 million in 2009 to the pension funds and insurance companies in respect of its severance and pension pay obligations.

The main terms of the different arrangements with employees are described in b. below.

 

b. Terms of arrangements:

 

  1) In Israel

Israeli law generally requires payment of severance pay upon dismissal of an employee or upon termination of employment in certain other circumstances. Pension plans for employees are under collective

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

labor agreements. The pension liabilities with respect to that portion of 72% covered by these pension plans are not reflected in the financial statements as the pension risks have been irrevocably transferred to the pension fund. Managerial personnel generally have insurance policies which cover pension and severance liabilities. Severance pay liabilities not covered by the pension plans and insurance policies are fully provided for in the financial statements on an undiscounted basis, based upon the number of years of service and the latest monthly salary of the Group’s employees in Israel.

 

  2) In Europe

The majority of the employees in the European subsidiaries are entitled to a retirement grant when they leave. In the consolidated financial statements, an accrual of the liability of the subsidiaries is made, based on the length of service and remuneration of each employee at the balance sheet date. Other employees in Europe are entitled to a pension according to a defined benefit scheme providing benefits based on final or average pensionable pay or according to a hybrid pension scheme that provides retirement benefits on a defined benefit and a defined contribution basis. Independent certified actuaries value these schemes, the rates of contribution payable being determined by the actuaries. Pension costs for the defined benefit section of the scheme are accounted for on the basis of charging the expected cost of providing pensions over the period during which the subsidiaries benefit from the employees’ services. The Company uses December 31 as the measurement date for the majority of its defined benefit plans.

 

  3) In North America

The North American subsidiaries mainly provide various defined contribution plans for the benefit of their employees. Under these plans, contributions are based on specified percentages of pay. Additionally, a multi-employer plan is maintained in accordance with various union agreements.

 

  4) In Latin America

The majority of the employees in Latin America are entitled to severance under local law. The severance payments are calculated based on service term and employee remuneration and accruals are maintained to reflect these amounts.

The Company expects to pay the following future minimum benefits to its employees: $32 million in 2009; $31 million in 2010; $35 million in 2011; $30 million in 2012; $33 million in 2013 and $189 million in 2014-2018.

NOTE 10—SENIOR NOTES AND LOANS:

 

a. Senior notes and loans consisted of the following:

 

     Interest rate as
of December 31,
2008
   December 31,  
        2008     2007  
     %    (U.S. $ in millions)  

Credit facilities (1)(2)

      $ 1,885     $ —    

Senior notes (3)

        1,480       1,500  

Loans, mainly from banks (2)(3)

   2.7 to 5.0      508       583  

Debenture (4)(5)

   7.2      15       91  
                   
        3,888       2,174  

Less—current portion (included under “short-term debt”)

        (234 )     (260 )
                   
      $ 3,654     $ 1,914  
                   

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

 

(1) Incurred in connection with the Barr acquisition. Barr had entered into unsecured senior term and revolving credit facilities agreement with a syndicate of lending banks, arranged by Bank of America. Due to the acquisition of Barr by Teva, the agreements were amended in order to waive the lenders’ right to call Barr’s debt upon the change in control in connection with the acquisition, thereby allowing the outstanding obligations under the credit facilities to remain in place following the closing of the acquisition. As part of the amendments, Teva guaranteed Barr’s obligation under the facilities.

The facilities have outstanding balances of approximately $1,885 million that mature until 2013, mainly in 2011 and bear interest determined on the basis of USD LIBOR.

 

(2) In January 2006, $1 billion principal amount of 6.15% Senior Notes due 2036 and $500 million principal amount of 5.55% Senior Notes due 2016 were issued in connection with the acquisition of Ivax. In 2008, Teva repurchased $20 million of these senior notes.
(3) The balance as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 is mainly composed of:

(i) a syndicated loan denominated in Euros (mainly) and British Pounds in the amount of $330 million and $358 million, respectively. The loan is due in 2010 and bears interest determined on the basis of Euro LIBOR (mainly) and British Pound LIBOR.

(ii) a bank loan denominated in Canadian Dollars in the amount of $138 million and $172 million, respectively. The loan is due in 2011, and bears interest determined on the basis of Canadian Dollar LIBOR.

 

(4) The balance as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 is comprised of a debenture with principal amounts of $15 million and $91 million, respectively, which was issued in 1998 in a private placement to institutional investors in the United States for periods of 10 and 20 years. The debenture has a fixed annual interest rate of 7.2% and 6.9% (weighted average), as of 2008 and 2007, respectively.
(5) Certain loan agreements and debentures contain restrictive covenants, mainly the requirement to maintain certain financial ratios. As of December 31, 2008, the Company met all financial covenants.

 

b. As of December 31, 2008, the required annual principal payments of long-term debt, starting with the year 2010, are as follows: 2010—$576 million; 2011—$1,372 million; 2012—$34 million; 2013—$172 million; 2014 and thereafter—$1,500 million. The above does not include the convertible senior debentures described in note 11.

 

c. The Company and certain subsidiaries entered into negative pledge agreements with certain banks and institutional investors. Under the agreements, the Company and such subsidiaries have undertaken not to register floating charges on assets in favor of any third parties without the prior consent of the banks, to maintain certain financial ratios and to fulfill other restrictions, as stipulated by the agreements.

NOTE 11—CONVERTIBLE SENIOR DEBENTURES:

As detailed below Teva issued convertible senior debentures unconditionally guaranteed by the Company as to payment of all principal, interest, premium and additional amounts (as defined), if any. Interest on each of the debentures is payable on a semi-annual basis. Unless previously redeemed or repurchased, under certain circumstances set forth in the related offering document, holders of the debentures may convert them into shares at the conversion prices detailed below.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

As further described in the below table, Teva may redeem some of all of its debentures from and after a certain date. Similarly, holders of Teva’s debentures may require Teva to repurchase their debentures on certain dates, as described below, as well as upon the occurrence of certain events specified in the relevant offering document. With respect to its debentures due 2024, Teva may elect to pay the required repurchase price either in cash or Teva shares (as set forth in the related offering document); with respect to its debentures due 2026, Teva must pay the repurchase price in cash.

Convertible senior debentures issued during the year ended December 31, 2006 have no contingent feature and are convertible at any time.

The main terms of these debentures are summarized in the following table:

 

Month issued

 

Issuer

  Footnote     Annual
interest
rate
  Initial
principal
amount
  Year
due
  Conversion
price
  Number of
Teva
shares issuable
upon full
conversion
  Earliest future date of
redemption at
issuer’s
option/repurchase at
holder’s option
              %   (U.S. $
in millions)
      $   (in millions)    

January 2004

  Teva Pharmaceutical Finance II, LLC Series A   (1 )   0.50   $ 460   2024   37.26   12   Redemption on demand
by issuer/ February 1,
2014 by holders
                     
  Series B   (1 )   0.25   $ 634   2024   34.66   18   February 1, 2010 by
both issuer and holders
                     

January 2006

  Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Company B.V.     1.75   $ 818   2026   50.88   16   February 1, 2011 by
both issuer and holders
                     

January 2006

  Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Company, LLC   (2 )   0.25   $ 575   2026   46.81   (See footnote 2)   On demand by issuer/
February 1, 2011 by
holders
                     
  Ivax Corporation     4.50   $ 230   2008     Redeemed and
converted
through 2008
 
                     

 

(1) Holders of the debentures issued in 2004 may convert the debentures into Teva shares under certain conditions detailed in the related offering document; inter alia, holders of these debentures may surrender their debentures for conversion into Teva shares during any conversion period (as defined) if the trading prices of Teva shares were more than 130% of the conversion price for twenty trading days within the first thirty trading days of each quarter (“price threshold condition”).
(2) These convertible senior debentures due 2026 include a “net share settlement” feature according to which the principal of the debentures will be paid in cash and, in the case of conversion, only the residual conversion value above the principal will be paid in Teva shares.

In 2008, 2007 and 2006, debentures with a principal amount of $89 million, $63 million and $182 million, respectively, were converted into a total 2 million, 3 million and 8 million shares of the Company, respectively.

In 2008, the convertible senior debentures assumed in connection with the Ivax acquisition reached maturity. As a result, $141 million principal amount of these debentures was redeemed in cash, and the balance was converted into Teva shares. In addition in 2006, Teva repurchased $4 million principal amount of convertible senior debentures issued in 2006.

 

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The number of Teva ordinary shares issuable upon full conversion is subject to adjustments in certain circumstances, as detailed in the related offering documents.

The balance of the principal amount and accrued interest is as follows:

 

          December 31,
    

Month issued

   2008    2007
          (U.S. $ in millions)

Principal

        
  

January 2004

   $ 1,069    $ 1,069
  

January 2006

     1,389      1,618
                
        2,458      2,687

Accrued interest

        
  

January 2004

     2      2
  

January 2006

     7      8
                
        9      10
  

Total

   $ 2,467    $ 2,697
                

The convertible senior debentures, including accrued interest, are reflected in the balance sheets among:

 

     December 31,
     2008    2007
     (U.S. $ in millions)

Current liabilities

   $ 584    $ 1,264

Long-term liabilities

     1,883      1,433
             
   $ 2,467    $ 2,697
             

NOTE 12—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:

 

a. Commitments:

 

  1) Operating leases:

As of December 31, 2008, minimum future rentals under operating leases of buildings, machinery and equipment for periods in excess of one year were as follows: 2009—$69 million; 2010—$51 million; 2011—$37 million; 2012—$26 million; 2013—$21 million; 2014 and thereafter—$93 million.

The lease fees expensed in each of the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were $45 million, $51 million and $38 million, respectively, of which $1 million, $2 million and $3 million, respectively, were to related parties.

 

  2) Royalty commitments:

a) The Company is committed to pay royalties to owners of know-how, partners in alliances and other certain arrangements and to parties that financed research and development, at rates ranging mainly from 0.1% to 10% of sales of certain products, as defined in the agreements. In some cases, the royalty period is not defined; in other cases, royalties will be paid over various periods, not exceeding 20 years, commencing on the date of the first royalty payment.

 

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The Company has also undertaken to pay royalties to the Government of Israel, at the rates of 2% to 5% of sales relating to certain products, the development of which was funded by the Office of the Chief Scientist. The royalties due to the Government are linked to the amount of participation, in dollar terms (in respect of research grants commencing 1999—with the addition of dollar LIBOR interest). At the time the grants were received, successful development of the related projects was not assured. In the case of failure of a project that was partly financed as above, the Company is not obligated to pay any such royalties. The maximum amount of the contingent liability in respect of royalties to the Government as of December 31, 2008 amounted to $12 million.

b) Royalty expense included in cost of sales for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $231 million, $186 million and $158 million, respectively.

 

b. Contingent liabilities:

General

From time to time, Teva and its subsidiaries are subject to legal claims for damages and/or equitable relief arising in the ordinary course of business. In addition, as described below, in large part as a result of the nature of its business, Teva is frequently subject to patent litigation. Teva believes it has meritorious defenses to the actions to which it is a party and expects to pursue vigorously the defense of each of the ongoing actions, including those described below. Based upon the status of these cases, the advice of counsel, management’s assessment of such cases and potential exposure involved relative to insurance coverage, except as otherwise noted below, no provision has been made in Teva’s financial statements for any of such actions. Teva believes that none of the proceedings described below will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition; however, if one or more of such proceedings were to result in judgments against Teva, such judgments could be material to its results of operations in a given period.

From time to time, Teva seeks to develop generic products for sale prior to patent expiration in various territories. In the United States, to obtain approval for most generic products prior to the expiration of the originator’s patent(s), Teva must challenge the patent(s) under the procedures set forth in the Hatch-Waxman Act of 1984, as amended by the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003. To the extent that it seeks to utilize such patent challenge procedures, Teva is and expects to be involved in patent litigation regarding the validity, enforceability or infringement of the originator’s patent(s). Teva may also be involved in patent litigation involving the extent to which alternate manufacturing process techniques may infringe originator or third-party process patents. Additionally, depending upon a complex analysis of a variety of legal and commercial factors, Teva may, in certain circumstances, elect to market a generic product even though litigation is still pending. This could be before any court decision is rendered or while an appeal of a lower court decision is pending. To the extent Teva elects to proceed in this manner, it could face substantial liability for patent infringement if the final court decision is adverse to Teva. Although the underlying generic industry legislation, as well as the patent law, is different in other countries where Teva does business, from time to time Teva is also involved in litigation regarding corresponding patents in those countries. Except as described below, Teva does not have a reasonable basis to estimate the loss, or range of loss, that is reasonably possible with respect to such patent infringement cases. However, if Teva were to be required to pay damages in any such case, courts would generally calculate the amount of any such damages based on a reasonable royalty or lost profits of the patentee. If damages were determined based on lost profits, the amount would be related to the sales of the branded product. In addition, the launch of an authorized generic and other generic competition may be relevant to the damages estimation.

Teva’s business inherently exposes it to potential product liability claims. Teva believes that it maintains product liability insurance coverage in amounts and with provisions that are reasonable and prudent in light of its

 

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business and related risks. However, Teva sells, and will continue to sell, pharmaceutical products that are not covered by insurance and accordingly may be subject to claims that are not covered by insurance as well as claims that exceed its policy limits. Product liability coverage for pharmaceutical companies is becoming more expensive and increasingly difficult to obtain. As a result, Teva may not be able to obtain the type and amount of coverage it desires.

In connection with third-party agreements, Teva may under certain circumstances be required to indemnify, and may be indemnified by, in unspecified amounts, the parties to such agreements against third-party claims.

Intellectual Property Proceedings

In May 2003, Teva commenced sales of its 7.5 mg and 15 mg moexipril hydrochloride tablets, which are the AB-rated generic versions of Schwarz Pharma’s Univasc® tablets. Univasc® had annual sales of approximately $57 million for the twelve months ended March 2003, based on IMS data. In November 2008, Teva entered into a settlement agreement with Schwarz Pharma whereby it paid an undisclosed sum in exchange for a release from liability for its past sales.

In October 2004, Alpharma and Teva launched their 100 mg, 300 mg and 400 mg gabapentin capsule products and, in December 2004, Alpharma and Teva launched their 600 mg and 800 mg gabapentin tablet products. Gabapentin capsules and tablets are the AB-rated generic versions of Pfizer’s anticonvulsant Neurontin® capsules and tablets, which had annual sales of approximately $2.7 billion for the twelve months ended September 2004, based on IMS data. Teva’s subsidiary Ivax also launched its non-AB rated tablets in August 2004 and its AB-rated capsules and tablets in March and April 2005, respectively. In August 2005, the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey granted summary judgment in favor of Teva, Alpharma and Ivax. On September 21, 2007, the Federal Circuit reversed the summary judgment decision and remanded the case for further proceedings. A trial has not been scheduled. The patent at issue expires in 2017. Were Pfizer ultimately to be successful in its allegation of patent infringement, Teva could be required to pay damages and be enjoined from selling its gabapentin products. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement with Alpharma, were Pfizer to be successful in its allegation of patent infringement against Alpharma, Teva may also be required to pay damages related to a portion of the sales of Alpharma’s gabapentin products.

In September and November 2004, Teva commenced sales of Impax Laboratories’ 20 mg and 10 mg omeprazole delayed release capsules, respectively, which are the AB-rated generic versions of AstraZeneca’s Prilosec® capsules. Prilosec® had sales for the 10 mg capsule of $30 million and 20 mg capsule sales of approximately $532 million, both for the twelve months ended June 2004, based on IMS data. As provided for in a strategic alliance agreement between Impax and Teva, the parties agreed to certain risk-sharing arrangements relating to the omeprazole launch. Trial in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York of AstraZeneca’s patent infringement litigation against Impax relating to its omeprazole capsules concluded in June 2006. Following the expiration of the patent on April 20, 2007, the District Court issued a trial opinion on May 31, 2007 in which it found that Impax’s omeprazole capsules infringed two formulation patents and that those patents were valid. On August 20, 2008, the Federal Circuit affirmed the District Court’s decision. A separate litigation against Teva with respect to the launch of omeprazole capsules has been revived, but no trial date has been scheduled. Were AstraZeneca ultimately to be successful in its allegation of patent infringement, Teva and Impax could be required to pay damages related to a portion of the sales of Impax’s omeprazole capsules.

 

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In September 2005, pursuant to an agreement with Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Teva launched its 30 mg, 60 mg and 180 mg fexofenadine hydrochloride tablets, which are the AB-rated generic versions of Aventis Pharmaceuticals’ Allegra® tablets. Allegra® tablets had annual sales of approximately $1.4 billion for the twelve months ended June 2005, based on IMS data. In November 2008, Teva entered into a settlement agreement with Aventis pursuant to which Teva was released from claims relating to its past sales of fexofenadine in exchange for about a payment of $30 million and from claims relating to future sales in exchange for paying a royalty on such sales.

In May 2007, Teva commenced sales of its 300 mg cefdinir capsule product and 125 mg/5 ml and 250 mg/5 ml cefdinir powder for oral suspension products. Cefdinir capsules and cefdinir for oral suspension are the AB-rated generic versions of Abbott’s antibiotic Omnicef®, which had annual sales of approximately $860 million for the twelve months ended December 2006, based on IMS data. Teva is in litigation with Abbott in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois with respect to a polymorph patent that expires in 2011. On May 3, 2007, the Court denied Abbott’s motion for a preliminary injunction, finding that Abbott was not likely to prevail on the merits as to Teva’s noninfringement defense, based on the record before the Court. Oral argument on Abbott’s appeal of the denial of the preliminary injunction was heard on May 7, 2008. Were Abbott ultimately to be successful in its allegation of patent infringement, Teva could be required to pay damages relating to sales of its cefdinir products and be enjoined from selling those products.

In May 2007, Teva commenced sales of its 2.5mg/10mg, 5mg/10mg, 5mg/20mg, and 10mg/20mg amlodipine besylate/benazepril capsules,. Amlodipine besylate/benazepril capsules are the AB-rated generic versions of Novartis’ Lotrel®, which had annual sales of approximately $1.4 billion for the twelve months ended March 2007, based on IMS data. On June 11, 2007, the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey denied Novartis’ motion for a preliminary injunction, finding that Novartis was not likely to succeed on its allegations of infringement. The patent at issue expires in 2017. A trial date has not been scheduled. Were Novartis ultimately to be successful in its allegation of patent infringement, Teva could be required to pay damages related to sales of its amlodipine besylate/benazepril capsules and be enjoined from selling those products.

In June 2007, Novopharm, Teva’s Canadian subsidiary, commenced sales in Canada of its 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg and 15 mg olanzapine tablets, which are the generic versions of Eli Lilly’s Zyprexa®. Zyprexa® had annual sales in Canada of approximately $180 million for the twelve months ended May 2007, based on IMS sales. On June 5, 2007, the Federal Court of Canada denied Eli Lilly’s request for an application to prohibit the Minister of Health from issuing Novopharm’s final regulatory approval. Shortly after Novopharm’s launch, Lilly filed an action for patent infringement. The trial is ongoing and we expect that it will conclude in March or April of 2009. The patent at issue expires on April 24, 2011. Were Eli Lilly ultimately to be successful in its allegation of patent infringement, Novopharm could be required to pay damages related to its sales of olanzapine tablets and be enjoined from selling those products.

In September 2007, Teva commenced sales of its 125 mg, 250 mg and 500 mg famciclovir tablets, which are the AB-rated generic versions of Novartis’ Famvir®. Famvir® had annual sales of approximately $200 million for the twelve months ended June 2007. On September 5, 2007, the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey denied Novartis’ motion for a preliminary injunction, finding that Novartis was not likely to prevail on the merits as to Teva’s invalidity and inequitable conduct defenses, based on the record before the Court. On June 9, 2008, the Federal Circuit denied Novartis’ appeal of the denial of the preliminary injunction. A trial date has not been scheduled. Were Novartis ultimately to be successful in its allegation of patent infringement, Teva could be required to pay damages relating to the sale of its famciclovir tablets and be enjoined from selling those products.

 

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In December 2007, Teva commenced sales of its 20 mg and 40 mg pantoprazole sodium tablets. Pantoprazole sodium tablets are the AB-rated generic versions of Wyeth’s Protonix®, which had annual sales of approximately $2.5 billion for the twelve months ended September 2007, based on IMS data. On September 6, 2007, the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey denied Wyeth/Altana’s motion for a preliminary injunction, finding that Wyeth/Altana was not likely to prevail on the merits as to Teva’s invalidity defense, based on the record before the Court. Oral argument on Wyeth/Altana’s appeal of the denial of the preliminary injunction was heard on June 3, 2008. The patent at issue expires in 2010. A trial date has not been scheduled. Were Wyeth/Altana ultimately to be successful in its allegation of patent infringement, Teva could be required to pay damages relating to the sale of its pantoprazole sodium tablets and be enjoined from further selling those products.

On July 11, 2008, Teva learned that Sandoz Inc., the U.S. generic drug division of Novartis AG, in conjunction with Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., had filed an ANDA with the FDA for a generic version of Copaxone® (glatiramer acetate) containing Paragraph IV certifications to each of the patents that Teva has listed in the FDA’s Orange Book for the product. On August 28, 2008, Teva filed a complaint against Sandoz, Inc., Sandoz International GmbH, Novartis AG and Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging infringement of four Orange Book patents, as well as trade secret misappropriation claims. The patents, which expire on May 24, 2014, cover the chemical composition of Copaxone®, pharmaceutical compositions containing it, and methods of using it. The lawsuit has triggered a stay of any FDA approval of the Sandoz ANDA until the earlier of the expiration of a period of 30 months or a district court decision in Sandoz’s favor. On November 3, 2008, Sandoz, Inc. and Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc. filed their answers to Teva’s complaint. The answers assert several affirmative defenses to Teva’s patent infringement claims, including non-infringement, invalidity and enforceability of the asserted Orange Book patents. The answers also seek declaratory judgments of non-infringement, invalidity and unenforceability with respect to three unasserted Orange Book patents and two non-Orange Book patents. On December 11, 2008 Sandoz International GmbH and Novartis AG brought a motion to dismiss Teva’s patent claims on personal jurisdiction grounds. Those defendants are also seeking to dismiss Teva’s trade secret misappropriation claims, alleging that Court has no jurisdiction over the trade secret claims.

Commercial Matters

In April 2004, Rhodes Technologies and Napp Technologies (“Rhodes/Napp”) filed a complaint in Massachusetts Superior Court, seeking an equal share of the value to Teva of the settlement of certain claims between GlaxoSmithKline and Teva relating to Teva’s nabumetone products. The allegations are based upon the termination of a nabumetone API supply agreement between Teva and Rhodes/Napp. Teva originally assessed the value of the product rights received in connection with the settlement at $100 million and subsequently recorded impairment charges of $52 million in the aggregate relating to this product. Oral argument on the parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment was held in April 2006. On April 5, 2007, the Court granted Teva’s motion for summary judgment, dismissing Rhodes/Napp’s claims against Teva. Rhodes/Napp’s appeal was heard on February 6, 2009.

Environmental Matters

Teva’s subsidiaries, including those in the United States and its territories, are party to a number of proceedings brought under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, commonly known as the Superfund law, or other national, federal, provincial or similar state and local laws imposing liability for the investigation and remediation of releases of hazardous substances and for natural resource damages. These proceedings seek to require the generators of hazardous wastes disposed of at a third-party site, or the party responsible for a release of hazardous substances into the environment that impacted a site,

 

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to investigate and clean up the sites or to pay for such activities and any related damages to natural resources. Teva has been made a party to these proceedings, along with other potentially responsible parties, as an alleged generator of wastes that were disposed of or treated at third-party waste disposal sites, or as a result of an alleged release from one of Teva’s facilities or former facilities that may have adversely impacted a site. In each case, the government or private litigants allege that the responsible parties are jointly and severally liable for the investigation and cleanup costs. Although the liability among the responsible parties may be joint and several, these proceedings are frequently resolved so that the allocation of cleanup costs among the parties reflects the relative contributions of the parties to the site conditions and takes into account other equitable factors. Teva’s potential liability varies greatly at each of the sites in the proceedings; for some sites the costs of the investigation and cleanup have not yet been determined, and for others Teva’s allocable share of liability has not been determined. At other sites, Teva has been paying its share, but the amounts have not been, and are not expected to be, material. Teva has taken an active role in identifying these costs, which do not include reductions for potential recoveries of cleanup costs from insurers, former site owners or operators. While it is not feasible to predict the outcome of many of these proceedings, Teva believes that they should not ultimately result in any liability that would have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or liquidity and capital resources.

Competition, Pricing and Regulatory Matters

In April 2006, Teva was sued, along with Barr Laboratories, Inc., Cephalon, Inc., Mylan Laboratories, Inc., Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. and Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals, Inc., in a class action lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The case alleges generally that the settlement agreements entered into between the different generic pharmaceutical companies and Cephalon, in their respective patent infringement cases involving finished modafinil products (the generic version of Provigil®), were unlawful because the settlement agreements resulted in the exclusion of generic competition. The case seeks unspecified monetary damages, attorneys’ fees and costs. The case was brought by King Drug Company of Florence, Inc. on behalf of itself and as a proposed class action on behalf of any other person or entity that purchased Provigil® directly from Cephalon from January 2006 until the alleged unlawful conduct ceases. Similar allegations have been made in a number of additional complaints, including those filed on behalf of proposed classes of direct and indirect purchasers of the product, by an individual indirect purchaser of the product and by Apotex, Inc. The cases seek various forms of injunctive and monetary relief, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees and costs. On February 13, 2008, following an investigation of these matters, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) sued Cephalon, alleging that Cephalon violated Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, which prohibits unfair or deceptive acts or practices in the marketplace, by unlawfully maintaining a monopoly in the sale of Provigil® and improperly excluding generic competition. The FTC’s complaint does not name Teva or Barr as a defendant.

Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. (“Teva USA”) is a defendant, along with Biovail Corp. and Elan Corporation, plc, in several civil actions currently pending in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. The cases allege generally that arrangements between Biovail and Elan relating to sales of nifedipine cc extended release tablets, in connection with which Teva USA acted as a distributor for Biovail, were unlawful under the federal antitrust laws. The challenged arrangements were previously the subject of a consent decree entered into by the FTC with Biovail and Elan, to which Teva USA was not a party. The complaints seek unspecified monetary damages, attorneys’ fees and costs. Four of the cases were brought on behalf of alleged classes of persons who allegedly purchased nifedipine cc extended release tablets made by Elan or Biovail in the United States directly from Teva USA; two of the cases were brought individually by alleged direct purchasers.

In February 2003, two motions requesting permission to institute a class action were filed on behalf of all Quebec citizens in the Superior Court for the Province of Quebec against all major Canadian generic drug

 

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manufacturers, including Novopharm, Teva’s Canadian subsidiary. The claimants seek damages based on alleged marketing practices of generic drug manufacturers in the Province of Quebec. In January 2006, the Court denied the motions to authorize the class action and dismissed the matters. The claimants’ appeal of that ruling was denied in May 2008 by the Quebec Court of Appeal. The claimants sought leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada, but this request was denied.

Together with many other pharmaceutical manufacturers, Teva and/or its subsidiaries in the United States, including Teva USA, Sicor Inc. (“Sicor”) and Ivax (collectively, the “Teva parties”), are defendants in a number of cases pending in state and federal courts throughout the country that relate generally to drug price reporting by manufacturers. Such price reporting is alleged to have caused governments and others to pay inflated reimbursements for covered drugs.

Class actions and other cases have been filed against over two dozen pharmaceutical manufacturers, including Sicor, regarding allegedly inflated reimbursements or payments under Medicare or certain insurance plans. These cases were consolidated under the federal multi-district litigation procedures and are currently pending in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (the “MDL”). On March 7, 2008, the “Track 2” defendants in the MDL, including Sicor, entered into a settlement agreement to resolve the MDL. The court granted preliminary approval of the amended MDL settlement on July 3, 2008, and a final fairness hearing is scheduled for April 27, 2009. Separately, a purported class action is pending in Arizona. Sicor is also a defendant in an action brought under the federal False Claims Act, but has not yet been served with the complaint. This matter is under seal and includes many of the same defendants as the MDL. A provision for these matters, including Sicor’s share of the MDL settlement payment, has been included in the financial statements.

A number of state attorneys general, approximately 47 counties in New York and the City of New York have also filed various actions relating to drug price reporting. The Teva parties (either collectively or individually) are currently involved in one or more actions relating to reimbursements under Medicaid or other programs in the following 17 states: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, South Carolina, Texas, Utah and Wisconsin. In addition to its action relating to its Medicaid program, the State of South Carolina has brought an action in the South Carolina state courts on behalf of its state health plan. On December 23, 2008, the Teva parties settled the action brought by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for $7 million. In May 2008, the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts unsealed a drug pricing action against several generic pharmaceutical companies, including various Teva parties. The action was filed by a private party pursuant to the federal False Claims Act, and it alleges, on behalf of the federal government, drug pricing claims arising from the federal government’s contributions to the various state Medicaid programs. According to the complaint, the federal government declined to intervene in the litigation. The foregoing drug pricing cases, which seek unspecified amounts in money damages, civil penalties, treble damages, attorneys fees, and/or administrative, injunctive, equitable or other relief, are at various stages of litigation, and the Teva parties continue to defend them vigorously.

The Office of the United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts (the “U.S. Attorney” or the “Office”) and the Civil Division of the Department of Justice are pursuing an investigation of allegations that IVAX Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“IPI”) caused Omnicare, Inc. to file false or tainted claims for Medicare and/or Medicaid reimbursement, in violation of law, by directly or indirectly offering or paying remuneration to Omnicare, Inc., to induce it to recommend, prescribe or purchase IPI’s products. IPI is cooperating in the investigation. On April 10, 2008, the U.S. Attorney advised IPI’s counsel that criminal charges would not be brought against IPI at that time and that the Criminal Division of the Office was no longer investigating the Company. The Civil Divisions of the Office and the Department of Justice are, however, continuing their investigation into potential violations of the False Claims Act. IPI believes that it has meritorious defenses to the

 

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potential claims. If IPI were found liable for any such claims, a court could impose substantial fines, treble damages, penalties and/or injunctive or administrative remedies. A provision for this matter has been included in the financial statements.

Matters Involving Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its Subsidiaries

The following contingencies were assumed upon the merger with Barr. As the merger occurred on December 23, 2008, the measurement of these contingencies is preliminary, and the final measurement could differ from these initial estimates.

Product Liability Matters

Barr Laboratories, Inc. and Duramed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. have been named as defendants in approximately 6,400 personal injury product liability cases brought against them and other manufacturers by plaintiffs claiming injuries from the use of certain estrogen and progestin products. The cases primarily involve Cenestin (an estrogen-containing product sometimes prescribed to treat symptoms associated with menopause) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (a progestin that has been prescribed to women receiving estrogen-containing hormone therapy). Fewer than one-third of the complaints allege that the plaintiffs took a product manufactured by either Barr or Duramed. Barr and Duramed’s experience to date has demonstrated that, even in those cases, a high percentage of the plaintiffs are unable to demonstrate actual use of a Barr or Duramed product. As a result, approximately 4,800 cases have been dismissed, leaving approximately 1,600 pending. To date, Barr and Duramed products have been identified in less than 500 of those cases. Additional dismissals are expected. Barr believes it has viable defenses to the allegations in the complaints and is defending the actions vigorously.

Intellectual Property Proceedings

In August 2008, Barr commenced sales of its 4 mg, 8 mg and 12 mg galantamine immediate release (IR) tablets. Galantamine IR tablets are the AB-rated generic versions of Ortho-McNeil and Janssen’s Razadyne®, which had annual sales of approximately $98 million for the twelve months ending September 2008, based on IMS data. Prior to launching the product, the United States District Court for the District of Delaware held that the one Orange Book method patent, which expired in December 2008, was invalid. Janssen is appealing this decision. Were Ortho-McNeil and Janssen ultimately to be successful in their allegations of patent infringement, Barr could be required to pay damages relating to the sale of its galantamine IR tablets.

In October 2008, Barr commenced sales of its 8 mg, 16 mg and 24 mg galantamine extended release (ER) capsules. Galantamine ER capsules are the AB-rated generic versions of Ortho-McNeil and Janssen’s Razadyne ER®, which had annual sales of approximately $110 million for the twelve months ending September 2008, based on IMS data. Barr is in litigation regarding this product in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey with respect to two patents, including the method patent which was held invalid in the litigation involving galantamine IR, as well as a formulation patent, which is set to expire in 2019. The District Court has not set a trial date. Were Ortho-McNeil and Janssen ultimately to be successful in their allegations of patent infringement, Barr could be required to pay damages relating to the sale of its galantamine ER capsules and be enjoined from further selling of those products.

Commercial Matters

In October 2005, plaintiffs Agvar Chemicals Inc., Ranbaxy Laboratories, Inc., and Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals, Inc. filed suit against Barr in the Superior Court of New Jersey. In their complaint, plaintiffs seek to recover damages and other relief, based on an alleged breach of a contract whereby Barr was to purchase from Ranbaxy raw material for its generic Allegra product. In February 2009, Barr settled its claims with Agvar. The court has not yet set a date for trial in the Ranbaxy claims. Barr vigorously denies the allegations.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

Competition, Pricing and Regulatory Matters

Together with numerous other pharmaceutical companies and Teva, as discussed above, Barr and/or its subsidiaries (the “Barr parties”) are defendants in various cases in which plaintiffs allege that pharmaceutical manufacturers’ drug price reporting caused governments and others to pay inflated reimbursements for covered drugs. The Barr parties are currently involved in one or more actions relating to reimbursements under Medicaid or other programs in the following 12 states: Alabama, Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Mississippi, New York, South Carolina, Texas, and Utah. In addition, Barr is a defendant in the action filed pursuant to the federal False Claims Act and unsealed by the District of Massachusetts in May 2008, in which Teva is also a defendant. The foregoing drug pricing cases, which seek unspecified amounts in money damages, civil penalties, treble damages, attorneys fees, and/or administrative, injunctive, equitable or other relief, are at various stages of litigation, and the Barr parties continue to defend them vigorously.

Barr has been named as a co-defendant with Bayer Corporation, The Rugby Group, Inc. and others in approximately 38 class action complaints filed in state and federal courts by direct and indirect purchasers of Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) from 1997 to the present. The complaints allege that a 1997 Bayer-Barr patent litigation settlement agreement was anti-competitive and violated federal antitrust laws and/or state antitrust and consumer protection laws. A prior investigation of this agreement by the Texas Attorney General’s office on behalf of a group of state attorneys general was closed without further action in December 2001. In March 2005, the court in the federal multi-district litigation granted summary judgment in Barr’s favor and dismissed all of the federal actions before it. On November 7, 2007, the Second Circuit transferred the appeal involving the indirect purchaser plaintiffs to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, while retaining jurisdiction over the appeals of the direct purchaser plaintiffs. On October 15, 2008, the Federal Circuit affirmed the grant of summary judgment in the defendants’ favor on all claims by the indirect purchaser plaintiffs. The plaintiffs’ petition for panel rehearing and rehearing en banc was denied on December 23, 2008 and the mandate issued on December 30, 2008. Briefing in the direct purchaser plaintiffs’ appeal in the Second Circuit is complete, but oral argument has yet to be scheduled. All but three of the state cases have been dismissed. Briefing is anticipated to begin in the spring 2009 in the California case. The Kansas action is stayed, and an action in Florida is in the very early stages. Barr believes that its agreement with Bayer is a valid settlement to a patent suit and cannot form the basis of an antitrust claim. Based on this belief, Barr is vigorously defending itself in these matters.

In September 2003, Barr and Warner Chillcot entered into an agreement whereby Barr agreed to supply Ovcon to Warner Chillcot on an exclusive basis. Several class actions, as well as actions by the FTC and various state attorneys general, were filed against Barr and Warner Chillcot. Barr entered into settlements with the FTC and the state attorneys general and the class representatives of the indirect purchasers in its various Ovcon antitrust proceedings. On November 17, 2008, Barr reached a settlement in the amount of $8.5 million with direct purchasers who had opted out of previous settlements. On December 15, 2008, Barr reached a settlement in the amount of $13 million with the direct purchasers in the remaining class actions. On December 16, 2008, the parties submitted the settlement agreement and motion for preliminary approval to the Court. After notice to the class and a response period, the Court will hold a hearing to approve the settlement. Assuming approval of the class settlement, all claims in the litigation will have been resolved.

NOTE 13—SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:

 

a. Share capital:

As of December 31, 2008, there were 889 million ordinary shares issued and outstanding (December 31, 2007—808 million). Teva shares are traded on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange (“TASE”) and, in the form of American Depositary Shares, each of which represents one ordinary share, on the Nasdaq National Market in the United States. In addition, as at December 31, 2008 and 2007, there were five million and seven million, respectively, outstanding special shares issued by a subsidiary that are exchangeable at any time at the discretion of their holders into ordinary shares of the Company at a 1:1 ratio.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

A reconciliation of opening and closing balances of the number of ordinary shares (in millions):

 

     2008    2007    2006

Balance outstanding at beginning of year

   808    793    647

Increase of shares on acquisitions of subsidiaries (see note 2a);

        

Barr

   69      

Ivax

         123

Exercise of options by employees

   9    12    11

Conversion of convertible senior debentures

   2    3    8

Other

   1       4
              

Balance outstanding at end of year

   889    808    793
              

During the year ended December 31, 2007, Teva spent $152 million to repurchase four million of its shares pursuant to repurchase plans. During the year ended December 31, 2008, Teva utilized $86 million or two million treasury shares in connection with the conversion of its 4.5% convertible notes.

Ordinary shares net of treasury shares at December 31, 2008 and 2007 amounted to 851 million and 768 million shares, respectively.

 

b. Registered offerings:

In December 2008, the Company filed a shelf registration statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Under this registration statement, Teva may, from time to time, sell shares, debt securities and/or any other securities described in the registration statement in one or more offerings.

 

c. Stock-based compensation plans:

Stock-based compensation plans comprise employee stock option plans and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and other equity-based awards to employees, officers and directors. The purpose of the plans is to enable the Company to attract and retain qualified personnel and to motivate such persons by providing them with an equity participation in the Company. The Company’s major plan, the Omnibus Long Term Share Incentive Plan, was approved by the shareholders on July 27, 2005, under which 50 million equivalent stock units, which include both options exercisable into ordinary shares and RSUs, were approved for grants. As of December 31, 2008, approximately 23 million equivalent stock units remain available for future awards.

The vesting period of the options and RSUs is generally 2 to 4 years from the date of grant. The rights of the ordinary shares obtained from the exercise of options or RSUs are identical to those of the other ordinary shares of the Company. The contractual term of these options is primarily for seven years.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

A summary of the status of the option plans as of December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, and changes during the years ended on those dates, is presented below (the number of options represents ordinary shares exercisable in respect thereof).

 

    Year ended December 31,
    2008   2007   2006
    Number
(in thousands)
    Weighted
average
exercise price
  Number
(in thousands)
    Weighted
average
exercise price
  Number
(in thousands)
    Weighted
average
exercise price
          $         $         $

Balance outstanding at beginning of year

  35,380     27.57   42,664     23.56   30,742     21.27

Changes during the year:

           

Granted*

  4,512     41.42   4,723     42.44   23,557     23.08

Exercised

  (9,273 )   20.58   (11,425 )   18.36   (10,959 )   16.34

Forfeited

  (1,407 )   35.51   (582 )   29.20   (676 )   23.28
                       

Balance outstanding at end of year

  29,212     31.54   35,380     27.57   42,664     23.56
                       

Balance exercisable at end of year

  15,291     24.38   19,912     20.41   26,842     18.02
                       

 

* In 2008, options granted include 0.3 million vested stock options issued in connection with the acquisition of Barr. See note 2a.

In 2006, options granted include 16 million vested stock options issued in connection with the acquisition of Ivax. See note 2a.

The weighted average fair value of options granted during the years, excluding the vested award of stock options to employees consequent acquisitions in 2008 and 2006, estimated by using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was $9.9, $10.9 and $9.1 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The fair value of these options was estimated on the date of grant, based on the following weighted average assumptions: dividend yield of: 2008—1.1%, 2007—0.9% and 2006—0.9%; expected volatility of: 2008—25%, 2007—24% and 2006—25%; risk-free interest rates (in dollar terms) of: 2008—1.8%, 2007—3.7% and 2006 —4.4%; and expected lives of: 2008—5 years, 2007—5 years and 2006—5 years.

The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the expected term of the stock options granted. The expected life assumption reflects the expected life based on historical incidence of exercise of options. The dividend yield assumption reflects the expected dividend yield based on historical dividends. Pre-vesting forfeiture rates of between 2% and 7% were estimated based on pre-vesting forfeiture experience.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

The following tables summarize information at December 31, 2008 regarding the number of ordinary shares issuable upon: (1) outstanding options and (2) vested options.

 

(1) Number of ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options outstanding
Range of
    exercise prices    
  Balance at
end of period
(in thousands)
  Weighted average
exercise price
  Weighted average
remaining life
  Aggregate
intrinsic value
(in thousands)
    Number of shares   $   Years   $
$  9.85 – $14.38   4,236   13.97   1.48   121,162
$14.50 – $15.25   1,013   15.09   0.26   27,818
$15.50 – $18.25   385   17.59   0.89   9,631
$18.40 – $23.95   2,389   20.46   1.48   52,810
$24.00 – $28.35   1,488   24.86   2.26   26,346
$28.50 – $33.80   8,617   32.28   4.34   88,670
$34.00 – $40.00   126   36.64   6.10   748
$40.05 – $49.00   10,958   43.02   5.75   —  
           
Total   29,212   31.54   3.94   327,185
           
(2) Number of ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options vested
Range of
exercise prices
  Balance at
end of period

(in thousands)
  Weighted average
exercise price
  Weighted average
remaining life
  Aggregate
intrinsic value

(in thousands)
    Number of shares   $   Years   $
$  9.85 – $14.38   4,236   13.97   1.48   121,162
$14.50 – $15.25   1,013   15.09   0.26   27,818
$15.50 – $18.25   385   17.59   0.89   9,631
$18.40 – $23.95   2,389   20.46   1.48   52,810
$24.00 – $28.35   1,488   24.86   2.26   26,346
$28.50 – $33.80   3,813   32.10   3.59   39,926
$34.00 – $40.00   87   35.75   6.46   594
$40.05 – $49.00   1,880   42.62   3.93   —  
           
  15,291   24.38   2.32   278,287
           

The aggregate intrinsic value in the above tables represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, based on the Company’s closing stock price of $42.57 on December 31, 2008, less the weighted average exercise price per range. This represents the potential amount receivable by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options as of such date. The total number of in-the-money options exercisable as of December 31, 2008 was 14.5 million.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $227 million, $254 million and $221 million, respectively, based on the Company’s average stock price of $45.11, $40.59 and $36.52 during the years then ended, respectively.

Status of non-vested RSUs

The fair value of RSUs is estimated based on the market value of the Company’s stock on the date of award, less an estimate of dividends that will not accrue to RSU holders prior to vesting.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

The following table summarizes information about the number of RSUs issued and outstanding:

 

     Year ended
December 31, 2008
     Number
(in thousands)
    Weighted average
grant date
fair value $

Balance outstanding at beginning of year

   1,608     $ 36.64

Granted

   346       41.16

Exercised

   (260 )     35.18

Forfeited

   (183 )     34.87
        

Balance outstanding at end of year

   1,511       38.13
        

 

     Year ended
December 31, 2007
     Number
(in thousands)
    Weighted average
grant date
fair value $

Balance outstanding at beginning of year

   1,188     $ 33.52

Granted

   482       42.96

Exercised

   (31 )     42.74

Forfeited

   (31 )     31.21
        

Balance outstanding at end of year

   1,608     $ 36.64
        

The Company has expensed compensation costs, net of estimated forfeitures, applying the accelerated vesting method, based on the grant-date fair value. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company recorded stock-based compensation costs as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
       2008        2007        2006  
     (U.S. $ in millions)

Employee stock options

   $ 46    $ 53    $ 43

Restricted stock units (“RSUs”)

     17      14      5
                    

Total stock-based compensation expense

     63      67      48

Tax effect on stock-based compensation expense

     7      9      8
                    

Net effect

   $ 56    $ 58    $ 40
                    

The total unrecognized compensation cost before tax on employee stock options and RSUs amounted to $90 million and $35 million, respectively, at December 31, 2008, and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.3 years for both stock options and RSUs.

 

d. Retained earnings and accumulated other comprehensive income:

 

  1) Retained earnings available for distribution as cash dividends at December 31, 2008 include amounts the distribution of which would attract a tax of $877 million (see note 1j).

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

  2) Dividends are declared and paid in New Israeli Shekels (“NIS”). Dividends paid per share in the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were $0.50, $0.39 and $0.31, respectively. Subsequent to December 31, 2008, the Company declared an additional dividend of 0.60 NIS per share in respect of the fourth quarter of 2008.

 

  3) Components of accumulated other comprehensive income.

 

     December 31,  
     2008     2007  

Currency translation adjustment, net of tax

   $ 408     $ 1,419  

Unrealized holding losses on available for sale securities, net of tax

     (3 )     (53 )

Other

     (15 )     (1 )
                
   $ 390     $ 1,365  
                

NOTE 14—INCOME TAXES:

 

a. Income before income taxes is composed of the following:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2008     2007     2006  
     (U.S. $ in millions)  

The Company and its Israeli subsidiaries

   $ 2,350     $ 1,273     $ 1,496  

Non-Israeli subsidiaries*

     (992 )     1,511       (467 )

Unrealized profit eliminated on consolidation**

     (531 )     (431 )     (323 )
                        
   $ 827     $ 2,353     $ 706  
                        

 

* The loss before tax in 2008 and 2006 is mainly attributable to the acquisition of research and development in process which amounted to $1,402 million and $1,295 million respectively.
** The unrealized profit eliminated on consolidation arose primarily from goods supplied by group companies in Israel.

 

b. The provision for income taxes:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
       2008         2007        2006    
     (U.S $ in millions)  

In Israel

   $ 155     $ 11    $ 40  

Outside Israel

     47       352      161  

Unrealized profit eliminated on consolidation*

     (17 )     34      (46 )
                       
   $ 185     $ 397    $ 155  
                       

Current

   $ 490     $ 286    $ 244  

Deferred

     (305 )     111      (89 )
                       
   $ 185     $ 397    $ 155  
                       

 

* The unrealized profit eliminated on consolidation arose primarily from goods supplied by group companies in Israel.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

Reconciliation of the statutory tax rate of the Company in Israel to the effective consolidated tax rate:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
       2008*         2007         2006*    

Statutory tax rate in Israel

   27 %   29 %   31 %

Increase (decrease) in effective tax rate due to:

      

Different effective tax rates applicable to non-Israeli subsidiaries

   (16 )%   (3 )%   (13 )%

The Company and its Israeli subsidiaries—mainly tax benefits arising from reduced tax rates under benefit programs

   (69 )%   (11 )%   (35 )%

Increase in uncertain tax positions—net

   34 %     2 %    

Other—mainly acquisition of research and development in process and release of prior years’ provisions

   46 %       39 %
                  

Effective consolidated tax rate

   22 %   17 %   22 %
                  

 

* The large component percentages in 2008 and 2006 reflect the lower income before taxation in these years, which is primarily due to the write-off of research and development in process, consequent to the acquisitions consummated in these years, which amounted to $1,402 million and $1,277 million, respectively.

 

c. Deferred income taxes:

 

     December 31,  
     2008     2007  
     (U.S. $ in millions)  

Short-term deferred tax assets—net:

    

Inventory related

   $ (34 )   $ 17  

Sales reserves and allowances

     112       26  

Provisions for employee-related obligations

     77       18  

Unrealized profit from intercompany sales

     97       79  

Carryforward losses and deductions

     115       23  

Other

     72       43  
                
     439       206  

Valuation allowance—in respect of carryforward losses and deductions that may not be utilized

     (21 )     (20 )
                
     418       186  
                

Long-term deferred tax assets (liabilities)—net:

    

Property, plant and equipment

     (144 )     (110 )

Intangible assets

     (1,380 )     (422 )

Provisions for employee-related obligations

     20       20  

Carryforward losses and deductions*

     246       130  

Other

     68       27  
                
     (1,190 )     (355 )

Valuation allowance—in respect of carryforward losses and deductions that may not be utilized

     (87 )     (58 )
                
     (1,277 )     (413 )
                
   $ (859 )   $ (227 )
                

 

* This amount represents the tax effect of carry forward losses and deductions and expires as follows: 2010-2011—$20 million; 2012-2021—$170 million. The remaining balance—$56 million—can be utilized with no expiration date.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

The deferred income taxes are reflected in the balance sheets among:

 

     December 31,  
     2008     2007  
     (U.S. $ in millions)  

Current assets—prepaid expenses and other current assets

   $ 544     $ 194  

Current liabilities—other current liabilities

     (126 )     (8 )

Other assets, deferred taxes and deferred charges

     446       46  

Long-term liabilities

     (1,723 )     (459 )
                
   $ (859 )   $ (227 )
                

 

d. Uncertain tax positions:

As stated in note 1j, effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FIN 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FAS 109”. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attributes for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.

The following table summarizes the activity of our unrecognized tax benefits:

 

     December 31,  
        2008           2007     
     (U.S. $ in millions)  

Balance at the beginning of the year

   $ 338     $ 286  

Increase related to prior year tax positions, net

     102       (16 )

Increase related to current year tax positions

     204       67  

Tax assessments settlements

     (34 )  

Acquisition of Barr

     14    

Other

     7       1  
                

Balance at the end of the year

   $ 631     $ 338  
                

Unrecognized tax benefits, mainly of a long-term nature, amounted to $631 million and $338 million at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and included accrued potential penalties and interest of $15 million and $24 million respectively. Unrecognized tax benefits included $603 million and $ 291 million of tax benefits in 2008 and 2007, respectively, which, if recognized, would reduce the annual effective tax rate. Teva does not expect unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next 12 months.

 

e. Tax assessments:

We file income tax returns in various jurisdictions with varying statutes of limitations. The Company and its subsidiaries in Israel have received final tax assessments through tax year 2004. Subsidiaries in North America and Europe have received final tax assessments mainly through tax years 2003 and 2006, respectively.

 

f. Basis of taxation:

The Company and its affiliates are subject to tax in many jurisdictions and a certain degree of estimation is required in recording the assets and liabilities related to income taxes. The Company believes that its accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open years. The Company considers various factors in making these assessments,

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

including past history, recent interpretations of tax law, and the specifics of each matter. Because tax regulations are subject to interpretation and tax litigation is inherently uncertain, these assessments can involve a series of complex judgments regarding future events.

Non-Israeli subsidiaries are taxed according to the tax laws in their respective country of residence. Certain manufacturing subsidiaries operate in several jurisdictions outside Israel, some of which benefit from tax incentives such as reduced tax rates, investment tax credits and accelerated deductions.

Until 2008, results for Israeli tax purposes were measured on a real basis as adjusted for the increase in the Israeli Consumer Price Index (“Israeli CPI”). Various industrial projects of the Company and several of its Israeli subsidiaries have been granted “approved enterprise” status, which provides certain benefits, including tax exemptions, reduced tax rates and accelerated depreciation, depending on which route is taken in terms of these incentives. Income not eligible for “approved enterprise” benefits is taxed at a regular rate.

The regular corporate tax rate in Israel in 2008 was 27%. The corporate tax rate is to be gradually reduced as follows: in 2009—26% and in 2010 and onward—25%. Deferred income tax balances have been adjusted accordingly; the effect of such adjustment was not material.

NOTE 15—FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT:

 

  1) Foreign exchange risk management:

The Group enters into forward exchange contracts in non-functional currencies and purchases and writes non-functional currency options in order to hedge the currency exposure on identifiable balance sheet items. In addition, the Group takes steps to reduce exposure by using “natural” hedging. The Company also acts to offset risks in opposite directions among the companies in the Group. The currency hedged items are usually denominated in the following main currencies: European (mainly the Euro (EUR), Hungarian Forint (HUF) and British Pound (GBP)), New Israeli Shekel (NIS) and Canadian Dollar (CAD). The writing of options is part of a comprehensive currency hedging strategy.

These transactions are for periods of less than one year. The counterparties to the derivatives comprised mainly of major banks and in view of the current financial environment the Company is monitoring the associated inherent credit risks.

 

  2) Interest rate swaps:

In November 2005, the Company entered into an interest rate swap transaction in connection with funds required for financing the Ivax acquisition. The purpose of the transaction was to fix the interest rate for the 10- and 30-year financing of $500 million and $250 million, respectively. During January 2006, and upon completion of the Ivax acquisition, the Company entered into an offsetting transaction effectively closing the aforementioned interest swap transaction. This derivative did not qualify for hedge accounting under FAS 133, and was recognized on the balance sheet at its fair value, with changes in the fair value carried to the statements of income and included in financial expenses—net.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

NOTE 16—FINANCIAL EXPENSES NET:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
       2008         2007         2006    
     (U.S. $ in millions)  

Interest expense

   $ 174     $ 200     $ 179  

Income from investments

     (127 )     (136 )     (64 )

Foreign exchange gain—net

     (5 )     (22 )     (20 )

Settlement (see note 3)

     (100 )    

Other than temporary impairment of securities

     376      
                        

Total finance expense

   $ 318     $ 42     $ 95  
                        

NOTE 17—INFORMATION ON OPERATING SEGMENTS:

Operating segments:

 

  1) General:

Financial reports to Teva’s chief executive officer (its “chief operating decision maker”) evolve over time as Teva’s business develops and following major acquisitions. The chief operating decision maker reviews financial information on the following main disaggregated components of Teva’s business, on a quarterly basis:

a) Pharmaceutical business: sales, detailed by regions/main countries and major products; operating income data, detailed by: (i) generic pharmaceutical products, by geographic regions, as described below; (ii) global non-generic products, primarily Copaxone®; (iii) global manufacturing and production of certain locations; and (iv) research and development. Teva’s pharmaceutical business operates in three main regions (clusters): North America, Europe and International (which represents areas other than the North America, EU member states, Norway and Switzerland). Each cluster is managed by an executive who reports directly to the chief executive officer.

b) Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (“API”) business—operating income data.

c) Administration—corporate expenses.

The Group’s reportable segments are strategic businesses differentiated by the nature of their products and customers. The segments are managed separately due to the differences in production technologies and marketing methods. Accordingly, Teva provides information regarding its Pharmaceutical segment and its API segment, which comprise discrete strategic businesses. The Pharmaceutical segment is engaged in the development, production, marketing and distribution of drugs in various dosages and forms, in most areas of medicinal treatment and disposable hospital supplies. The API segment is engaged in the development, production, marketing and distribution of API for the pharmaceutical industry, mainly to the Group’s Pharmaceutical segment.

 

  2) Information on revenues and profits of the reportable operating segments:

a) Measurement of revenues and profits of the operating segments:

The measurement of revenues of the reportable operating segments is based on the same accounting principles applied in these financial statements.

 

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TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

Segment profits reflect the income from operations of the segment and do not include net financial income or expense, minority interest, income tax expenses and share in profits (losses) of associated companies, since those items are not allocated to the segments.

Sales of the API segment to the Pharmaceutical segment are recorded at the market prices of sales of similar products to non-related customers.

The Company does not report total assets by segments as such information is not used by management, or has not been accounted for at the segment level.

b) Financial data relating to reportable operating segments:

 

     Pharmaceuticals    API    Total
     (U.S. $ in millions)

Year ended December 31, 2008:

  

Net sales:

        

To unaffiliated customers

   $ 10,482    $ 603    $ 11,085

Intersegment

     —        1,279      1,279
                    

Total net sales

   $ 10,482    $ 1,882    $ 12,364
                    

Operating income*

   $ 481    $ 863    $ 1,344
                    

Goodwill (at end of year)

   $ 11,489    $ 808    $ 12,297
                    

Expenditures for segment assets

   $ 460    $ 160    $ 620
                    

Depreciation and amortization

   $ 374    $ 102    $ 476
                    

Year ended December 31, 2007:

        

Net sales:

        

To unaffiliated customers

   $ 8,847    $ 561    $ 9,408

Intersegment

     —        899      899
                    

Total net sales

   $ 8,847    $ 1,460    $ 10,307
                    

Operating income

   $ 1,999    $ 610    $ 2,609
                    

Goodwill (at end of year)

   $ 7,618    $ 789    $ 8,407
                    

Expenditures for segment assets

   $ 396    $ 156    $ 552
                    

Depreciation and amortization

   $ 391    $ 93    $ 484
                    

Year ended December 31, 2006:

        

Net sales:

        

To unaffiliated customers

   $ 7,821    $ 587    $ 8,408

Intersegment

     —        740      740
                    

Total net sales

   $ 7,821    $ 1,327    $ 9,148
                    

Operating income*

   $ 372    $ 589    $ 961
                    

Goodwill (at end of year)

   $ 7,346    $ 692    $ 8,038
                    

Expenditures for segment assets

   $ 259    $ 114    $ 373
                    

Depreciation and amortization

   $ 355    $ 72    $ 427
                    

 

* Operating income for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2006 of the Pharmaceutical segment included acquisition of research and development in process, litigation settlement, impairment and restructuring expenses, for a total of $1,526 million and $1,391 million, respectively.

 

F-49


Table of Contents

TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

Sales of one pharmaceutical product were approximately 16%, 10% and 10% of total net sales to unaffiliated customers for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Sales to one major customer in the Pharmaceutical segment, as a percentage of total consolidated sales, for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were 13%, 10% and 9%, respectively. The balance due from the Company’s largest customer accounted for 21% of the gross trade accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2008. Accrued rebates and returns on these balances are recorded in current liabilities.

c) Following is a reconciliation of the net sales, operating income and assets of the reportable segments to the data included in the consolidated financial statements:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2008     2007     2006  
     (U.S. $ in millions)  

Net sales:

      

Total sales of reportable segments

   $ 12,364     $ 10,307     $ 9,148  

Elimination of intersegment sales

     (1,279 )     (899 )     (740 )
                        

Total consolidated net sales

   $ 11,085     $ 9,408     $ 8,408  
                        

Operating income:

      

Total operating income of reportable segments

   $ 1,344     $ 2,609     $ 961  

Amounts not allocated to segments:

      

Elimination of intersegment items

     (67 )     (56 )     (56 )

General and administrative expenses

     (132 )     (143 )     (93 )

Other expenses

     —         (15 )     (11 )
                        

Consolidated operating income

     1,145       2,395       801  

Financial expenses—net

     (318 )     (42 )     (95 )
                        

Consolidated income before income taxes

   $ 827     $ 2,353     $ 706  
                        

 

  3) Geographical information:

Net sales by geographical areas:

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2008    2007    2006
     (U.S. $ in millions)

North America

   $ 6,413    $ 5,428    $ 5,065

Europe

     2,976      2,645      2,206

International*

     1,696      1,335      1,137
                    
   $ 11,085    $ 9,408    $ 8,408
                    

*  of which Israel

   $ 476    $ 382    $ 343
                    

The geographical sales information is classified by the geographical location of the customers.

 

F-50


Table of Contents

TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

Property, plant and equipment—by geographical location:

 

     December 31,
     2008    2007
     (U.S. $ in millions)

Israel

   $ 977    $ 792

United States

     734      409

Croatia

     425      —  

United Kingdom

     273      300

Hungary

     257      263

Other

     1,033      751
             
   $ 3,699    $ 2,515
             

 

  4) Net sales by therapeutic category, as a percentage of total sales, were as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
       2008         2007         2006    

Central nervous system

   24 %   24 %   20 %

Anticancer and autoimmune

   20 %   15 %   15 %

Cardiovascular

   13 %   14 %   20 %

Gastrointestinal and metabolism

   12 %   10 %   6 %

Respiratory

   10 %   10 %   6 %

Anti-infectives (includes antibiotics)

   6 %   7 %   9 %

Musculoskeletal

   3 %   4 %   3 %

Other*

   12 %   16 %   21 %
                  
   100 %   100 %   100 %
                  

 

* Includes nine other therapeutic categories.

 

  5) Net sales by product lines, as a percentage of total sales, were as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
       2008         2007         2006    

Generic pharmaceuticals

   73 %   78 %   80 %

Branded pharmaceuticals

   22 %   16 %   13 %

API

   5 %   6 %   7 %
                  
   100 %   100 %   100 %
                  

 

F-51


Table of Contents

TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 

NOTE 18—EARNINGS PER SHARE:

The net income and the weighted average number of shares used in computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,
       2008        2007        2006  
     (U.S. $ in millions)

Net income

   $ 635    $ 1,952    $ 546

Interest expense on convertible senior debentures, and issuance costs, net of tax benefits

     5      25      6
                    

Net income used for the computation of diluted earnings per share

   $ 640    $ 1,977    $ 552
                    

Weighted average number of shares used in the computation of basic earnings per share

     780      768      756

Add:

        

Additional shares from the assumed exercise of employee stock options and unvested RSUs

     10      12      14

Weighted average number of additional shares issued upon the assumed conversion of convertible senior debentures

     30      50      35
                    

Weighted average number of shares used in the computation of diluted earnings per share

     820      830      805
                    

In computing diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2008, no account was taken of the potential dilution of convertible senior debentures and convertible senior subordinated notes, issuable upon assumed conversion, amounting to 17 million weighted average shares, since they had an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per share.

The following table details the number of ordinary shares and special shares less treasury shares as of each balance sheet date:

 

     December 31,  
     2008     2007     2006  
    

(Number of shares,

in millions)

 

Ordinary shares—issued and outstanding

   889     808     793  

Special shares—exchangeable into ordinary shares (see note 13a)

   5     7     7  
                  
   894     815     800  

Treasury shares

   (38 )   (40 )   (35 )
                  
   856     775     765  
                  

 

F-52


Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Financial Statement Schedule

To the Shareholders of

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements and of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting referred to in our report dated February 27, 2009 appearing in the 2008 Annual Report to the Shareholders of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited also included an audit of Financial Statement Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts—listed in Item 18 of this Form 20-F. In our opinion, the schedule presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements.

 

Tel-Aviv, Israel

February 27, 2009

   

Kesselman & Kesselman

Certified Public Accountants (Isr.)

A member of PricewaterhouseCoopers

International Limited

 

S-1


Table of Contents

TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

SCHEDULE II—VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

Three Years Ended December 31, 2008

(U.S. $ in millions)

 

Column A

   Column B    Column C     Column D     Column E
     Balance at
beginning
of period
   Charged
to costs
and expenses
    Charged to
other
accounts
    Deductions     Balance at
end of period

Allowance for doubtful accounts:

           

Year ended December 31, 2008

   $ 83    $ 7     $ 30     $ (8 )   $ 112
                                     

Year ended December 31, 2007

   $ 66    $ 19     $ (1 )   $ (1 )   $ 83
                                     

Year ended December 31, 2006

   $ 34    $ 8     $ 28     $ (4 )   $ 66
                                     

Allowance in respect of carryforward tax losses:

           

Year ended December 31, 2008

   $ 78    $ 14     $ 25     $ (9 )   $ 108
                                     

Year ended December 31, 2007

   $ 108    $ (7 )   $ (20 )   $ (3 )   $ 78
                                     

Year ended December 31, 2006

   $ 52    $ 16     $ 42     $ (2 )   $ 108
                                     

 

S-2

EX-2.22 2 dex222.htm FIRST AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT, DATED AS OF OCTOBER 24, 2006 First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 24, 2006

Exhibit 2.22

EXECUTION COPY

FIRST AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT

THIS FIRST AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT (this “Amendment”), dated as of October 24, 2006, is by and among BARR LABORATORIES, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), certain Foreign Subsidiaries of the Company party hereto pursuant to Section 2.14 of the hereinafter defined Existing Credit Agreement (each a “Designated Foreign Borrower”; and together with the Company, the “Borrowers” and, each a “Borrower”), Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Parent”) as a guarantor along with certain Subsidiaries of the Parent (individually a “Guarantor” and collectively the “Guarantors”) the Lenders party thereto (collectively, the “Lenders” and individually, a “Lender”), and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent for the Lenders (the “Administrative Agent”) and as Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer. Terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings provided in the Existing Credit Agreement described below.

W I T N E S S E T H

WHEREAS, the Borrowers, the Guarantors, the Lenders, the Administrative Agent, the Swing Line Lender and the L/C Issuer have entered into that certain Credit Agreement dated as of July 21, 2006, which includes a revolving facility (as amended, modified, extended, renewed, restated, replaced or increased from time to time, prior to the date hereof, the “Existing Credit Agreement”); and

WHEREAS, the Borrowers have requested, and the Lenders have agreed, to amend the Existing Credit Agreement as provided herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the agreements hereinafter set forth, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

PART 1

DEFINITIONS

SUBPART 1.1 Certain Definitions. Unless otherwise defined herein or the context otherwise requires, the following terms used in this Amendment, including its preamble and recitals, have the following meanings:

Existing Credit Agreement” means the existing Credit Agreement as amended hereby.

First Amendment Effective Date” is defined in Subpart 3.1.


SUBPART 1.2 Other Definitions. Unless otherwise defined herein or the context otherwise requires, terms used in this Amendment, including its preamble and recitals, have the meanings provided in the Existing Credit Agreement.

PART 2

AMENDMENTS TO EXISTING CREDIT AGREEMENT

Effective on (and subject to the occurrence of) the First Amendment Effective Date, the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended in accordance with this Part 2.

SUBPART 2.1 Designation of Agent Roles.

(a) Banc of America Securities LLC is hereby designated as Joint Lead Arranger and Joint Book Manager.

(b) Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC is hereby designated as Syndication Agent, Joint Lead Arranger and Joint Book Manager under the Existing Credit Agreement.

(c) Citibank N.A., Fortis Capital Corp. and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, New York are hereby designated as Co-Documentation Agents under the Existing Credit Agreement.

(d) ABN AMRO Bank, N.V., The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., New York Branch and The Bank of Nova Scotia are hereby designated as Senior Managing Agents under the Existing Credit Agreement.

SUBPART 2.2 Patriot Act. Section 2.14(a) in the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following immediately after the first occurrence of the word “information” in such section:

(including, without limitation, receipt by the Lenders at least five (5) Business Days prior to such effective date, all documentation and other information required by regulatory authorities under applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including, without limitation, the USA Patriot Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001) as amended)))

SUBPART 2.3 Use of Proceeds. Section 6.10 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended by deleting the reference to “(other than the Target Acquisition)” therein.

SUBPART 2.4 Application of Funds to Swap Providers. Section 8.03 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended to amend and restate the “Third” and “Fourth” clauses of such section in their entirety to read as follows:

8.03 Application of Funds.

 

2


*****

Third, to payment of that portion of the Obligations constituting accrued and unpaid Letter of Credit Fees, interest on the Loans, L/C Borrowings and other Obligations and fees, premiums and scheduled periodic payments, and any interest accrued thereon, due under any Swap Contract between any Loan Party and any Lender, or any Affiliate of a Lender, to the extent such Swap Contract is permitted by Section 7.02(m), ratably among the Lenders (and, in the case of such Swap Contracts, Affiliates of Lenders) and the L/C Issuer in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause Third held by them;

Fourth, to (a) payment of that portion of the Obligations constituting unpaid principal of the Loans and L/C Borrowings, (b) payment of breakage, termination or other payments, and any interest accrued thereon, due under any Swap Contract between any Loan Party and any Lender, or any Affiliate of a Lender, to the extent such Swap Contract is permitted by Section 7.02(m), ratably among the Lenders (and, in the case of such Swap Contracts, Affiliates of Lenders) and the L/C Issuer in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause Fourth held by them;

SUBPART 2.5 Disproportionate Assignments. Section 10.06(b)(ii) of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended by deleting the text of such section and replacing it with “[Reserved].”

SUBPART 2.6 Assignment Fee. The following new Section 8 is hereby added to Exhibit 10.06 to the Existing Credit Agreement:

“8. Assignment Fee: The Administrative Agent shall be paid the Assignment Fee as set forth in Addendum I hereto.”

SUBPART 2.7 Addendum I to Exhibit 10.06. Addendum I to this Amendment is hereby added as Addendum I to Exhibit 10.06 to the Existing Credit Agreement.

PART 3

CONDITIONS TO EFFECTIVENESS

SUBPART 3.1 First Amendment Effective Date. This Amendment shall be and become effective as of the date hereof (the “First Amendment Effective Date”) when all of the conditions set forth in this Part 3 shall have been satisfied, and thereafter this Amendment shall be known, and may be referred to, as the “Amendment”.

SUBPART 3.2 Execution of Counterparts of Amendment. The Administrative Agent shall have received counterparts of this Amendment, which collectively shall have been duly executed on behalf of the Borrower, the Guarantor, each of the Lenders and the Administrative Agent.

 

3


SUBPART 3.3 Fees and Expenses. The Administrative Agent shall have received from the Borrower all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses of the Agent in connection with the preparation, execution and delivery of this Amendment, including without limitation the reasonable fees and expenses of Moore & Van Allen PLLC, special counsel to the Administrative Agent.

PART 4

MISCELLANEOUS

SUBPART 4.1 Cross-References. References in this Amendment to any Part or Subpart are, unless otherwise specified, to such Part or Subpart of this Amendment.

SUBPART 4.2 Instrument Pursuant to Existing Credit Agreement. This Amendment is executed pursuant to the Existing Credit Agreement and shall (unless otherwise expressly indicated therein) be construed, administered and applied in accordance with the terms and provisions of the Existing Credit Agreement.

SUBPART 4.3 References in Other Loan Documents. At such time as this Amendment shall become effective pursuant to the terms of Subpart 3.1, all references to the “Credit Agreement” shall be deemed to refer to the Credit Agreement as amended by this Amendment.

SUBPART 4.4 Counterparts/Telecopy. This Amendment may be executed by the parties hereto in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which shall constitute together but one and the same agreement. Delivery of executed counterparts of the Amendment by telecopy, facsimile or electronic mail shall be effective as an original and shall constitute a representation that an original shall be delivered.

SUBPART 4.5 Governing Law. THIS AMENDMENT SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE A CONTRACT MADE UNDER AND GOVERNED BY THE INTERNAL LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK (INCLUDING SECTIONS 5-1401 AND 5-1402 OF THE NEW YORK GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW, BUT EXCLUDING ALL OTHER CHOICE OF LAW AND CONFLICTS OF LAW RULES).

SUBPART 4.6 Successors and Assigns. This Amendment shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns.

SUBPART 4.7 General. Except as amended hereby, the Existing Credit Agreement and all other Loan Documents shall continue in full force and effect.

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]

 

4


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be duly executed as of the date first above written.

 

BORROWER:   BARR LABORATORIES, INC.,
  a Delaware corporation
  By:  

/s/ Paul M. Bisaro

  Name:  

Paul M. Bisaro

  Title:  

President and COO

DOMESTIC GUARANTORS:   BARR PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.,
  a Delaware corporation
  By:  

/s/ Paul M. Bisaro

  Name:  

Paul M. Bisaro

  Title:  

President and COO

  BARR DISTRIBUTION COMPANY,
  a Delaware corporation
  By:  

/s/ Paul M. Bisaro

  Name:  

Paul M. Bisaro

  Title:  

President

  DURAMED PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.,
  a Delaware corporation
  By:  

/s/ Fred Wilkinson

  Name:  

Fred Wilkinson

  Title:  

President

First Amendment to Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility


ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT    
AND LENDERS:   BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as
  Administrative Agent
  By:  

 

  Name:  

 

  Title:  

 

 

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as a Lender, L/C Issuer and

Swing Line Lender

  By:  

 

  Name:  

 

  Title:  

 

 

First Amendment to Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility


 

CREDIT SUISSE, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH,

as a Lender

  By:  

 

  Name:  

 

  Title:  

 

  By:  

 

  Name:  

 

  Title:  

 

 

First Amendment to Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility


  CITIBANK N.A., as a Lender
  By:  

 

  Name:  

 

  Title:  

 

 

First Amendment to Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility


  FORTIS CAPITAL CORP., as a Lender
  By:  

 

  Name:  

 

  Title:  

 

 

First Amendment to Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility


 

SUMITOMO MITSUI BANKING CORPORATION,

NEW YORK, as a Lender

  By:  

 

  Name:  

 

  Title:  

 

 

First Amendment to Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility


  ABN AMRO BANK, N.V., as a Lender
  By:  

 

  Name:  

 

  Title:  

 

 

First Amendment to Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility


 

THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD.,

NEW YORK BRANCH, as a Lender

  By:  

 

  Name:  

 

  Title:  

 

 

First Amendment to Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility


  THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA, as a Lender
  By:  

 

  Name:  

 

  Title:  

 

 

First Amendment to Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility

EX-2.23 3 dex223.htm SECOND AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT, DATED AS OF OCTOBER 27, 2008 Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 27, 2008

Exhibit 2.23

EXECUTION COPY

SECOND AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT

THIS SECOND AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT (this “Amendment”), dated as of October 27, 2008, is by and among BARR LABORATORIES, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), certain Foreign Subsidiaries of the Company party hereto pursuant to Section 2.14 of the hereinafter defined Existing Credit Agreement (each a “Designated Foreign Borrower”; and together with the Company, the “Borrowers” and, each a “Borrower”), Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Parent”) as a guarantor along with certain Subsidiaries of the Parent (individually a “Guarantor” and collectively the “Guarantors”), the Lenders party hereto (collectively, the “Lenders” and individually, a “Lender”), and BANK OF AMERICA, NA., as Administrative Agent for the Lenders (the “Administrative Agent”) and as Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer. Terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings provided in the Existing Credit Agreement described below.

W I T N E S S E T H

WHEREAS, the Borrowers, the Guarantors, the Lenders, the Administrative Agent, the Swing Line Lender and the L/C Issuer have entered into that certain Credit Agreement dated as of July 21, 2006 (as amended by that certain First Amendment dated as of October 24, 2006, and as further amended, modified, extended, renewed, restated, replaced or increased from time to time, prior to the date hereof, the “Existing Credit Agreement”);

WHEREAS, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (“Teva”), the Parent and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Teva have signed an agreement and plan of merger under which Teva would, subject to the terms and conditions thereof, acquire by merger the Parent (such acquisition the “Teva Acquisition”); and

WHEREAS, the consummation of the Teva Acquisition would result in a Change of Control and thus an Event of Default under Section 8.01(k) of the Existing Credit Agreement, the Parent and the Borrowers have requested, and the Lenders have agreed, to amend the Existing Credit Agreement as provided herein to permit the Teva Acquisition pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Amendment.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the agreements hereinafter set forth, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

PART 1

DEFINITIONS

SUBPART 1.1 Certain Definitions. Unless otherwise defined herein or the context otherwise requires, the following terms used in this Amendment, including its preamble and recitals, have the following meanings:

Second Amendment Effective Date” is defined in Subpart 3.1.

SUBPART 1.2 Other Definitions. Unless otherwise defined herein or the context otherwise requires, terms used in this Amendment, including its preamble and recitals, have the meanings provided in the Existing Credit Agreement.


PART 2

AMENDMENTS TO EXISTING CREDIT AGREEMENT

Effective on (and subject to the occurrence of) the Second Amendment Effective Date, the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended in accordance with this Part 2.

SUBPART 2.1 Definition of Alternative Currency Sublimit. The definition of “Alternative Currency Sublimit” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

Alternative Currency Sublimit” means (a) prior to the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, an amount equal to the lesser of the Aggregate Revolving Commitments and $200,000,000 and (b) on and after the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, an amount equal to $0. The Alternative Currency Sublimit is part of, and not in addition to, the Aggregate Revolving Commitments.

SUBPART 2.2 Definition of Applicable Rate. The definition of “Applicable Rate” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

Applicable Rate” means, from time to time, the following percentages per annum, based upon the Corporate Ratings as set forth below:

(a) prior to the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, the following percentages per annum, based upon the Corporate Ratings as set forth below:

 

Level

  

Corporate Ratings

   Revolving
Credit Facility
Applicable
Margin for
LIBOR Loans
   Revolving
Credit
Facility
Applicable
Margin for
Alternate
Base Rate
Loans
   Revolving
Credit
Facility
Letter of
Credit Fee
   Facility
Fee
   Acquisition Facility
Applicable Margin
for LIBOR
Loans/Acquisition
Facility Letter of
Credit Fee
   Acquisition
Facility
Applicable
Margin for
Alternate Base
Rate Loans

I

   Greater than or equal to BBB+/Baa1    40.0 bps    0 bps    40.0 bps    10.0 bps    50.0 bps    0 bps

II

   BBB/Baa2    50.0 bps    0 bps    50.0 bps    12.5 bps    62.5 bps    0 bps

III

   BBB-/Baa3    60.0 bps    0 bps    60.0 bps    15.0 bps    75.0 bps    0 bps

IV

   BB+/Ba1    70.0 bps    0 bps    70.0 bps    17.5 bps    87.5 bps    0 bps

V

   BB/Ba2    87.5 bps    0 bps    87.5 bps    25.0 bps    112.5 bps    12.5 bps

VI

   Less than BB/Ba2    100.0 bps    0 bps    100.0 bps    37.5 bps    137.5 bps    37.5 bps

Corporate Rating” means, as of any date of determination, the rating as determined by the Ratings Agencies as the Parent’s corporate credit (family) rating (collectively, the “Corporate Ratings”); provided that if a Corporate Rating is issued by the Ratings Agencies and there is a split rating, then the highest of such Corporate Ratings shall apply (with the Corporate Rating for Pricing Level I being the highest and the Corporate Rating for Pricing Level VI being the lowest) in determining the Pricing Level. If there is a multiple split in Corporate Ratings, then the Corporate Rating that is one level lower than the highest rating shall apply in determining the Pricing Level; provided, further, however, that the Applicable Rate shall be at pricing Level VI if no Corporate Rating is available from each of the Rating Agencies or such Corporate Ratings do not give pro forma effect to the Acquisition of the Acquired Company (to the extent applicable).

 

2


Initially, the Applicable Rate shall be at Level III until the earlier of (x) ninety (90) days following the Closing Date and (y) the date on which the Parent has obtained its Corporate Ratings. Thereafter, each change in the Applicable Rate resulting from a publicly announced change in the Corporate Rating shall be effective during the period commencing on the date of the public announcement thereof and ending on the date immediately preceding the effective date of the next such change.

(b) on and after the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, the following percentages per annum, based upon the Corporate Ratings as set forth below:

 

Level

  

Corporate Ratings

   Revolving
Credit Facility
Applicable
Margin for
LIBOR Loans
   Revolving
Credit
Facility
Applicable
Margin for
Alternate
Base Rate
Loans
   Revolving
Credit
Facility
Letter of
Credit Fee
   Facility
Fee
   Acquisition Facility
Applicable Margin
for LIBOR
Loans/Acquisition
Facility Letter of
Credit Fee
   Acquisition
Facility
Applicable
Margin for
Alternate Base
Rate Loans

I

   Greater than or equal to A-/A3    105 bps    5 bps    105 bps    20.0 bps    125.0 bps    25.0 bps

II

   BBB+/Baa1    125 bps    25 bps    125 bps    25.0 bps    150.0 bps    50.0 bps

III

   BBB/Baa2    137.5 bps    37.5 bps    137.5 bps    37.5 bps    175.0 bps    75.0 bps

IV

   Less than or equal to BBB-/Baa3    175.0 bps    75.0 bps    175.0 bps    50.0 bps    225.0 bps    125.0 bps

Corporate Rating” means, as of any date of determination, the rating as determined by the Ratings Agencies as Teva’s corporate credit rating (collectively, the “Corporate Ratings”); provided that if a Corporate Rating is issued by the Ratings Agencies and there is a split rating, then the highest of such Corporate Ratings shall apply (with the Corporate Rating for Pricing Level I being the highest and the Corporate Rating for Pricing Level IV being the lowest) in determining the Pricing Level. If there is a multiple split in Corporate Ratings, then the Corporate Rating that is one level lower than the highest rating shall apply in determining the Pricing Level; provided, further, however, that the Applicable Rate shall be at pricing Level IV if no Corporate Rating is available from each of the Rating Agencies.

The Applicable Rate shall be at Level II for the first ninety (90) days immediately following the Teva Acquisition Effective Date. Thereafter, each change in the Applicable Rate resulting from a publicly announced change in the Corporate Rating shall be effective, during the period commencing on the date of the public announcement thereof and ending on the date immediately preceding the effective date of the next such change.

SUBPART 2.3 Definition of Base Rate. The definition of “Base Rate” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

Base Rate” means (a) prior to the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, for any day a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the higher of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus  1/2 of 1% and (ii) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by Bank of America as its “prime rate” and (b) on and after the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, for any day, a rate per annum equal to the highest of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus  1/2 of 1%, (ii) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by Bank of America as its

 

3


“prime rate” and (iii) the Eurocurrency Rate for Dollar deposits being delivered in the London interbank market for a term of one month commencing on such day plus 1%. The “prime rate” is a rate set by Bank of America based upon various factors including Bank of America’s costs and desired return, general economic conditions and other factors, and is used as a reference point for pricing some loans, which may be priced at, above, or below such announced rate. Any change in such rate announced by Bank of America shall take effect at the opening of business on the day specified in the public announcement of such change.

SUBPART 2.4 Definition of Change of Control. Clauses (b) and (c) of the definition of “Change of Control” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement are hereby amended in their entireties to read as follows:

(b) any “person” or “group” (as such terms are used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, but excluding any employee benefit plan of such person or its subsidiaries, and any person or entity acting in its capacity as trustee, agent or other fiduciary or administrator of any such plan and excluding Teva and its Affiliates as part of or in connection with the Teva Acquisition) becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except that a person or group shall be deemed to have “beneficial ownership” of all securities that such person or group has the right to acquire (such right, an “option right”), whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time), directly or indirectly, of 35% or more of the equity securities of the Parent entitled to vote for members of the board of directors or equivalent governing body of the Parent on a fully-diluted basis (and taking into account all such securities that such person or group has the right to acquire pursuant to any option right);

(c) during any period of 12 consecutive months, a majority of the members of the board of directors or other equivalent governing body of the Parent cease to be individuals (i) who were members of that board or equivalent governing body on the first day of such period, (ii) whose election or nomination to that board or equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clause (i) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body or (iii) whose election or nomination to that board or other equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body (it being understood that changes in the members of the board of the Parent on the Teva Acquisition Effective Date and for a period of three months thereafter shall not constitute a “Change of Control” pursuant to this clause (c)).

SUBPART 2.5 Definition of Consolidated EBITDA. Clause (a) of the definition of “Consolidated EBITDA” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended by adding new clauses (viii) and (ix) to the end of such clause (a) to read as follows, and making the appropriate grammatical changes thereto:

(viii) in the event that the Teva Acquisition Effective Date has occurred, one-time non-cash expenses incurred in connection with the Teva Acquisition and (ix) in the event that the Teva Acquisition Effective Date has occurred, one-time cash expenses incurred in connection with the Teva Acquisition in an aggregate amount not to exceed $75,000,000

 

4


SUBPART 2.6 Definition of Designated Foreign Borrower Sublimit. The definition of “Designated Foreign Borrower Sublimit” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

Designated Foreign Borrower Sublimit” means (a) prior to the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, an amount equal to the lesser of the Aggregate Revolving Commitments and $200,000,000 and (b) on and after the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, $0. The Designated Foreign Borrower Sublimit is part of, and not in addition to, the Aggregate Revolving Commitments.

SUBPART 2.7 Definition of Loan Documents. The definition of “Loan Documents” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

Loan Documents” means this Agreement, each Designated Foreign Borrower Request and Assumption Agreement, each Note, each Issuer Document, each Guarantor Joinder Agreement, the Fee Letter and, in the event that the Teva Acquisition Effective Date has occurred, the Teva Guaranty.

SUBPART 2.8 Definition of Loan Parties. The definition of “Loan Parties” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

Loan Parties” means, collectively, the Company, each Designated Foreign Borrower and each Guarantor (provided that, notwithstanding the Teva Guaranty, Teva shall not be deemed a “Loan Party”).

SUBPART 2.9 Definition of Parent. The definition of “Parent” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

Parent” means (a) prior to the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation and (b) on and after the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, New Barr Parent.

SUBPART 2.10 New Definitions. The following new definitions are added to Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement in appropriate alphabetical order:

Approving Lenders” means each Lender who executed and delivered its signature page to the Second Amendment on or before 5:00 P.M. (New York Time) on Monday, October 27, 2008.

Second Amendment” means that certain Second Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of October 27, 2008, by and among the Company, the Parent, the Guarantors, the Lenders and the Administrative Agent.

Second Amendment Effective Date” means October 27, 2008.

New Barr Parent” means that certain newly formed, wholly-owned subsidiary of Teva USA, Inc. organized under the laws of the State of Delaware which is the ultimate surviving entity in the Teva Acquisition.

 

5


Pliva Corporate Reorganization” means, that certain corporate reorganization pursuant to which the capital stock of one or more of Barr Laboratories Europe BV and its Subsidiaries shall be transferred to one or more Subsidiaries of Teva in exchange for the Teva Notes.

Teva” means Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., an Israeli company.

Teva Acquisition” means the acquisition by merger of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. by Teva.

Teva Acquisition Effective Date” means the date on which the Teva Acquisition shall have been consummated.

Teva Guaranty” means the guaranty by Teva of the Obligations pursuant to a guaranty agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A to the Second Amendment.

Teva Notes” means the promissory notes from one or more Subsidiaries of Teva to Barr Laboratories, Inc. in connection with the Pliva Corporate Reorganization.

SUBPART 2.11 Teva Acquisition. A new Section 6.12 is hereby added to Article VI of the Existing Credit Agreement to read as follows:

6.12 Teva Acquisition. To the extent the Teva Acquisition Effective Date has occurred, on or prior to the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, the Administrative Agent shall have received the following items:

(a) Counterparts of (i) the Teva Guaranty, duly executed on behalf of Teva and the Administrative Agent (on behalf of the Lenders); provided that the Teva Guaranty may be received by the Administrative Agent in escrow to be effective on, and not prior to, the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, (ii) an incumbency certificate of Teva certified by a secretary or assistant secretary to be true and correct as of the Teva Acquisition Effective Date and (iii) a favorable opinion or opinions of counsel to Teva, addressed to the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders, with respect to the Teva Guaranty addressing due authorization, execution, delivery, enforceability, non-contravention and such other customary matters reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent; provided that the legal opinion or opinions may be received by the Administrative Agent in escrow to be effective on, and not prior to, the Teva Acquisition Effective Date; and

(b) An amendment fee for the benefit of the Approving Lenders equal to 10 basis points on the outstanding Revolving Commitment and/or outstanding Acquisition Facility Loans of each such Approving Lender as of the Second Amendment Effective Date (it being understood that such fee shall be in addition to the amendment fee received by the Approving Lenders on the Second Amendment Effective Date).

SUBPART 2.12 Investments. Clause (d) contained in Section 7.02 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated to read as follows:

(d) investments in any Foreign Subsidiary; provided, that if such Investment is by a Loan Party in a Foreign Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party, prior to and after giving effect to any such Investment, (i) no Default shall have occurred and be continuing before and after giving effect to such Investment on a Pro Forma Basis and (ii) (A) in the event that the Teva Acquisition Effective Date shall not have occurred, to the extent that the Consolidated Leverage Ratio after

 

6


giving effect to such Investment on a Pro Forma Basis shall be greater than 3.50 to 1.00, the aggregate amount of such Investments permitted pursuant to this clause (d) shall not exceed $100,000,000 during the period when the consolidated Leverage Ratio is greater than 3.50 to 1.00 and (B) in the event that the Teva Acquisition Effective Date shall have occurred, the aggregate amount of such Investments permitted pursuant to this clause (d) shall not exceed $0.

*****

SUBPART 2.13 Investments. Section 7.02 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended by adding a new clause (r) thereto to read as follows, and renumbering existing clause (r) to read clause (s):

(r) Investments in the form of the Teva Notes; and

SUBPART 2.14 Fundamental Changes. Clause (a) contained in Section 7.04 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated to read as follows:

(a)(i) any Subsidiary of the Parent (other than the Company) may merge with (A) the Parent or the Company, provided that the Parent or the Company, as the case may be, shall be the continuing or surviving Person or (B) any one or more Persons, provided that when any Guarantor is merging with another Person which is not a Guarantor hereunder, the Guarantor shall be the continuing or surviving Person or the surviving Person shall become a Guarantor, (ii) the Company and the Parent may merge provided that (A) the Company shall be the continuing or surviving Person or (B) if the Parent shall be the continuing or surviving Person, (x) the Borrower shall provide written notice to the Administrative Agent prior to such merger or consolidation and (y) the Parent shall assume contemporaneously with such merger or consolidation all of the obligations of the Borrower under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents pursuant to documentation reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and (iii) to the extent the Teva Acquisition Effective Date shall have occurred, the Parent (Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) may merge with and into New Barr Parent, with New Barr Parent being the surviving “Parent” hereunder to the extent that New Barr Parent shall assume contemporaneously with such merger by operation of law or otherwise all of the obligations of the Parent (Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, it being understood and agreed that execution and delivery of the Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among the Parent, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and Barr Acquisition Corp., dated as of July 17, 2008, as amended, modified, extended, renewed, restated or replaced from time to time, satisfies the requirements of this clause (a). Following any merger pursuant to this Section 7.04(a)(ii), all references to “Parent” and to the “Borrower” shall be read as references to the Person surviving the merger;

SUBPART 2.15 Transactions With Affiliates. Section 7.07 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended by adding a new clause (i) to the end thereof, and making the appropriate punctuation and grammatical changes thereto:

and (i) in the event that the Teva Acquisition Effective Date shall have occurred, the Pliva Corporate Reorganization.

 

7


SUBPART 2.16 Financial Covenants. Section 7.10 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

7.10 Financial Covenants.

 

  (a) Prior to the Teva Acquisition Effective Date:

(i) Until the Corporate Ratings as determined by the Ratings Agencies shall each be BBB+ or higher and Baal or higher, respectively, as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Parent, then:

(A) Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio. Permit the Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Parent to be less than 3.00 to 1.00.

(B) Consolidated Leverage Ratio. Permit the Consolidated Leverage Ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Parent;

(1) ending after the Closing Date, but prior to the earlier of the Acquisition Facility Letter of Credit Issuance Date and the Initial Acquisition Facility Loan Funding Date, to be greater than 3.00 to 1.00.

(2) ending after the Acquisition Facility Letter of Credit Issuance Date, if any, but prior to the Initial Acquisition Facility Loan Funding Date, to be greater than 4.50 to 1.00.

(3) ending after the Initial Acquisition Facility Loan Funding Date, but on or prior to the earlier of the Consolidated Leverage Ratio Stepdown Date and September 30, 2007, to be greater than 4.00 to 1.00.

(4) ending on or after October 1, 2007, but on or prior to the earlier of the Consolidated Leverage Ratio Stepdown Date and September 30, 2008, to be greater than 3.50 to 1.00.

(5) at all other times, to be greater than 3.00 to 1.00.

(ii) Once the Corporate Ratings as determined by the Ratings Agencies shall each be BBB+ or higher and Baal or higher, respectively, as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Parent, and thereafter:

Consolidated Funded Indebtedness to Total Capitalization. Permit the Consolidated Funded Indebtedness to Total Capitalization Ratio, at any time, to be greater than 0.50 to 1.00.

 

(b) On and after the Teva Acquisition Effective Date:

(i) Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio. Permit the Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Parent to be less than 3.00 to 1.00.

(ii) Consolidated Leverage Ratio. Permit the Consolidated Leverage Ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Parent;

 

8


(A) from the Teva Acquisition Effective Date to and including the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2009, to be greater than 3.50 to 1.00.

(B) at all other times, to be greater than 3.00 to 1.00.

PART 3

CONDITIONS TO EFFECTIVENESS

SUBPART 3.1 Second Amendment Effective Date. This Amendment shall be and become effective as of the date hereof (the “Second Amendment Effective Date”) when all of the conditions set forth in this Part 3 shall have been satisfied, and thereafter this Amendment shall be known, and may be referred to, as the “Amendment”.

SUBPART 3.2 Execution of Counterparts of Amendment. The Administrative Agent shall have received counterparts of this Amendment, which collectively shall have been duly executed on behalf of the Borrower, the Guarantors, the Lenders (pursuant to the authorization of the Required Lenders) and the Administrative Agent.

SUBPART 3.3 Amendment Fee. The Administrative Agent shall have received from the Borrower, for the account of each Lender who executes and approves this Amendment on or before 5:00 P.M. (New York Time) on Monday, October 27, 2008 (the “Approving Lenders”), an amendment fee equal to 10 basis points on the outstanding Revolving Commitment and/or outstanding Acquisition Facility Loans of each such Approving Lender (it being understood that in addition to the foregoing amendment fee, in the event that the Teva Acquisition Effective Date (as defined in Section 1.01 to the Existing Credit Agreement, as amended hereby) occurs, the Approving Lenders shall also receive the fee set forth in Section 6.12 to the Existing Credit Agreement, as amended hereby).

SUBPART 3.4 Fees and Expenses. The Administrative Agent shall have received from the Borrower (a) the aggregate amount of all fees and expenses identified in that certain Engagement Letter dated October 6, 2008 among the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and Banc of America Securities LLC and (b) all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses of the Administrative Agent in connection with the preparation, execution and delivery of this Amendment, including without limitation the reasonable fees and expenses of Moore & Van Allen PLLC, special counsel to the Administrative Agent.

PART 4

MISCELLANEOUS

SUBPART 4.1 Cross-Reference. References in this Amendment to any Part or Subpart are, unless otherwise specified, to such Part or Subpart of this Amendment.

SUBPART 4.2 Representations and Warranties. Each Loan Party hereby represents and warrants that it: (a) has the requisite corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform this Amendment, as applicable, (b) is duly authorized to, and has been authorized by all necessary corporate action, to execute, deliver and perform this Amendment, (c) the representations and warranties contained in Article 5 of the Existing Credit Agreement are true and correct in all material respects on and as of the date hereof and upon giving effect to this Amendment as though made on and as of such date (except for those which expressly relate to an earlier date) and (d) no Default or Event of Default exists under the Existing Credit Agreement on and as of the date hereof and upon giving effect to this Amendment.

 

9


SUBPART 4.3 Instrument Pursuant to Existing Credit Agreement. This Amendment is executed pursuant to the Existing Credit Agreement and shall (unless otherwise expressly indicated therein) be construed, administered and applied in accordance with the terms and provisions of the Existing Credit Agreement.

SUBPART 4.4 References in Other Loan Documents. At such time as this Amendment shall become effective pursuant to the terms of Subpart 3.1, all references to the “Credit Agreement” shall be deemed to refer to the Credit Agreement as amended by this Amendment.

SUBPART 4.5 Counterparts/Telecopy. This Amendment may be executed by the parties hereto in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which shall constitute together but one and the same agreement. Delivery of executed counterparts of the Amendment by telecopy, facsimile or electronic mail shall be effective as an original and shall constitute a representation that an original shall be delivered.

SUBPART 4.6 Governing Law. THIS AMENDMENT SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE A CONTRACT MADE UNDER AND GOVERNED BY THE INTERNAL LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK (INCLUDING SECTIONS 5-1401 AND 5-1402 OF THE NEW YORK GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW, BUT EXCLUDING ALL OTHER CHOICE OF LAW AND CONFLICTS OF LAW RULES).

SUBPART 4.7 Successors and Assigns. This Amendment shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns.

SUBPART 4.8 General. Except as amended hereby, the Existing Credit Agreement and all other Loan Documents shall continue in full force and effect.

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]

 

10


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be duly executed as of the date first above written.

 

BORROWER:     BARR LABORATORIES, INC.,
    a Delaware corporation
    By:  

/s/    Christine A. Mundkur

    Name:   Christine A. Mundkur
    Title:   Chief Executive Officer
DOMESTIC GUARANTORS:     BARR PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.,
    a Delaware corporation
    By:  

/s/    William T. Mekee

    Name:   William T. Mekee
    Title:   EVP and Chief Financial Officer
    BARR DISTRIBUTION COMPANY,
    a Delaware corporation
    By:  

/s/    Michael Bogdan

    Name:   Michael Bogdan
    Title:   President
   

DURAMED PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.,

a Delaware corporation

    By:  

/s/    Sigurd Kirk

    Name:   Sigurd Kirk
    Title:   Sr. VP - Controller

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT

AND LENDERS:

    BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,
    as Administrative Agent
    By:  

/s/    Angela Lau

    Name:   Angela Lau
    Title:   Assistant Vice President
    BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,
    as a Lender, L/C Issuer and Swing Line Lender
    By:  

/s/    Robert LaPorte

    Name:   Robert LaPorte
    Title:   Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.,
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ D. Scott Farquhar

Name:   D. Scott Farquhar
Title:   Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


BAYERISCHE LANDESBANK, New York Branch

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ Nikolai von Mengden

Name:   Nikolai von Mengden
Title:   Senior Vice President
By:  

/s/ Matthew DeCarlo

Name:   Matthew DeCarlo
Title:   Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


MIZUHO CORPORATE BANK LTD.,
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Raymund Ventura

Name:   Raymund Ventura
Title:   Deputy General Manager

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


TAIPEI FUBON COMMERCIAL BANK LOS ANGELES BRANCH,

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ Sophia Jing

Name:   Sophia Jing
Title:   FVP & General Manager

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


CHANG HWA COMMERICAL BANK, LTD, NEW YORK BRANCH

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ JIM C.Y. CHEN

Name:   JIM C.Y. CHEN
Title:   VP & GENERAL MANAGER

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


Union Bank of California, N.A.
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Richard A. Lopatt

Name:   Richard A. Lopatt
Title:   Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


SUMITOMO MITSUI BANKING CORPORATION, NEW YORK BRANCH
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ David A. Buck

Name:   David A. Buck
Title:   Senior Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


THE NORTHERN TRUST COMPANY
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Peter J. Hailan

Name:   Peter J. Hailan
Title:   Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


E.SUN COMMERCIAL BANK, LTD., LOS ANGELES BRANCH
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Benjamin Lin

Name:   Benjamin Lin
Title:   EVP & General Manager

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


LOGO

 

UNICREDIT BANK AUSTRIA AG,
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Pavel BREZINA

Name:   Pavel BREZINA
  Managing Director Int. Corporates
By:  

/s/ Martin ZOJER

Name:   Martin ZOJER
  Relationship Manager Int. Corporates

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment

 

Company Name:

UniCredit Bank Austria AG

 

Company location: Schottengasse 6-8, 1010 Wien, Register of companies: Handelsgericht Wien,

FN 150714p, VAT-Id. nr.: ATU51507409, DVR 0030066, BLZ: 12000, BIC: BXAUATWW. www.bankaustria.at


CITIBANK, N.A.
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Allen Fisher

Name:   Allen Fisher
Title:   Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


HUA NAN COMMERCIAL BANK, LTD.

NEW YORK AGENCY,

as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Henry Hsieh

Name:   Henry Hsieh
Title:   Assistant Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


Hua Nan Commercial Bank, Ltd. Los Angeles Branch,

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ Oliver C.H. Hsu

Name:   Oliver C.H. Hsu
Title:   VP & General Manager

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


CREDIT SUISSE, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH,
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ KARIM BLASETTI

Name:   KARIM BLASETTI
Title:   VICE PRESIDENT
By:  

/s/ MIKHAIL FAYBUSOVICH

Name:   MIKHAIL FAYBUSOVICH
Title:   VICE PRESIDENT

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


THE BANK OF EAST ASIA, LIMITED

NEW YORK BRANCH

as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Kenneth Pettis

Name:   Kenneth Pettis
Title:   SVP Head of Corporate Syndications
By:  

/s/ Kitty Sin

Name:   Kitty Sin
Title:   SVP, Head of Credit

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


Bank of Ireland

[LENDER]

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ Colin Moran

Name:   Colin Moran
Title:   Manager

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


BANK OF COMMUNICATIONS CO., LTD.,

NEW YORK BRANCH,

as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Shelley He

Name:   Shelley He
Title:   Deputy General Manager

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


LANDESBANK BADEN-WUERTTEMBERG NEW YORK AND/ OR CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Karen Richard

Name:   Karen Richard
Title:   VP & Head of Corporate Desk
By:  

/s/ Carolyn Gutbrod

Name:   Carolyn Gutbrod
Title:   Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


Soclété Générale, as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Yao Wang

Name:   Yao Wang
Title:   Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


SUNTRUST BANK,

as a Lender

By:

 

/s/ Kap Yarbrough

Name:

  Kap Yarbrough

Title:

  Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


[THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA],
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Paula Czach

Name:   Paula Czach
Title:   Director, Head of Execution

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


(SCOTIABANC INC),
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Patrick M. Brown

Name:   Patrick M. Brown
Title:   Managing Director

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Robert M. Martin

Name:   Robert M. Martin
Title:   Senior Vice President

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


ABN AMRO Bank NY.
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Michele Costello

Name:   Michele Costello
Title:   Director
By:  

/s/ Marc Brondyke

Name:   Marc Brondyke
Title:   Associate

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


Bank of Tokyo –
Mitsubishi Trust Company
[LENDER],
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Kenneth K. Egusa

Name:   Kenneth K. Egusa
Title:   Authorized Signatory

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


TAIWAN COOPERATIVE BANK SEATTLE BRANCH
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Eric Tai

Name:   Eric Tai
Title:   VP & General Manager

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON,
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Richard Fronapfel, Jr.

Name:   Richard Fronapfel, Jr.
Title:   Vice President

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


LAND BANK OF TAIWAN,
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Henry Leu

Name:   Henry Leu
Title:   VP & General Manager

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


U.S. BANK, N.A.
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Christopher T. Kordes

Name:   Christopher T. Kordes
Title:   Senior Vice President

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


COMERICA BANK,
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Liesl Eckhardt

Name:   Liesl Eckhardt
Title:   Assistant Vice President

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


BANK HAPAOLIM B.M., as a Lender
By:  

/s/ HELEN H. GATESON

Name:  

HELEN H. GATESON

Title:  

VICE PRESIDENT

By:  

/s/ Frederic S. Becker

Name:  

Frederic S. Becker

Title:  

Senior Vice President

 

9


MALAYAN BANKING BERHAD, NEW YORK BRANCH
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Fauzi Zulkifli

Name:   Fauzi Zulkifli
Title:   General Manager

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


Bank of China, New York Branch,
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ William W. Smith

Name:   William W. Smith
Title:   Deputy General Manager

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


UNICREDIT BANCA DI ROMA, SPA, NEW YORK BRANCH, as a Lender
By:  

/s/ LINDA LEE

Name:   LINDA LEE
Title:   ASSISTANT TREASURER
By:  

/s/ ALESSANDRO PAOLI

Name:   ALESSANDRO PAOLI
Title:   SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


KBC Bank, N.V., as a Lender
By:  

/s/ William Cavanaugh

Name:  

William Cavanaugh

Title:  

Director

By:  

/s/ Thomas G. Jackson

Name:  

Thomas G. Jackson

Title:  

First Vice President

 

10


THE KOREA DEVELOPMENT BANK

NEW YORK BRANCH

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ Kye Dong Kim

Name:   Kye Dong Kim
Title:   General Manager

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


FORTIS CAPITAL CORP.
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ John W. Deegan

Name:   John W. Deegan
Title:   Director & Group Head
By:  

/s/ John Spillane

Name:   John Spillane
Title:   Vice President

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Miguel Lara

Name:   Miguel Lara
Title:   Managing Director
By:  

/s/ Gema Sacristan

Name:   Gema Sacristan
Title:  

Director - Export & Agency Finance

Global Trade Finance

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


DNB NOR BANK ASA
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Thomas Tangen

Name:   Thomas Tangen
Title:   First Vice President

DNB NOR BANK ASA

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ Phil Kurpiewski

Name:   Phil Kurpiewski
Title:   Senior Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


KEYBANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Sukanya V. Raj

Name:   Sukanya V. Raj
Title:   Vice President & Portfolio manager

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


BANK OF TAIWAN, NEW YORK AGENCY
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Jane Chang

Name:   Jane Chang
Title:   AVP & Deputy General Manager

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


K&H BANK ZRT.,
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Orsolyo Szabó

Name:   Orsolyo Szabó
Title:   Director
By:  

/s/ Tibor Bak

Name:   Tibor Bak
Title:   Project Finance Manger
LOGO

Date: 27 October 2008

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


INTESA SANPAOLO SPA, New York Branch
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ John J. Michalisin

Name:   John J. Michalisin
Title:   First Vice President
By:  

/s/ Francesco Di Mario

Name:   Francesco Di Mario
Title:   First Vice President & Credit Manager

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


NATIONAL CITY BANK,
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Erica E. Dowd

Name:   Erica E. Dowd
Title:   Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


UNITED OVERSEAS BANK LIMITED, NEW YORK AGENCY
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ George Lim

Name:   George Lim
Title:   SVP & GM
By:  

/s/ Mario Sheng

Name:   Mario Sheng
Title:   AVP

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


TD BANK, N.A., (FKA TD BANKNORTH)
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ James R. Riley

Name:   James R. Riley
Title:   Managing Director

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment


TD BANK, N.A. (formerly known as Commerce Bank, N.A.),
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Thomas L. Savage

Name:   Thomas L. Savage
Title:   Vice President

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

Second Amendment

EX-2.24 4 dex224.htm GUARANTY, DATED AS OF DECEMBER 23, 2008 Guaranty, dated as of December 23, 2008

Exhibit 2.24

EXECUTION COPY

GUARANTY

GUARANTY, dated as of December 23, 2008 (this “Guaranty”), made by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, an Israeli corporation (the “Guarantor”), in favor of each of the Lenders (as defined below), the Swing Line Lender, the L/C Issuer and each Affiliate of a Lender that enters into a Swap Contract (the “Swap Contract Affiliates” and together with the Lenders, the Swing Line Lender and the L/C Issuer, the “Benefited Lenders”) and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders (the “Administrative Agent”).

W I T N E S S E T H :

WHEREAS, Barr Laboratories, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and certain Foreign Subsidiaries of the Company (together with the Company, each a “Borrower” and collectively, the “Borrowers”), Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Parent”), and certain Subsidiaries of the Parent as guarantors, the Administrative Agent and the lenders from time to time parties thereto (the “Lenders”), the Swing Line Lender and the L/C Issuer have entered into that certain Credit Agreement dated as of July 21, 2006 (as amended by that certain First Amendment dated as of October 24, 2006, the “Existing Credit Agreement”);

WHEREAS, the Borrowers, the Parent, the Administrative Agent and the Approving Lenders have further amended the Existing Credit Agreement pursuant to a Second Amendment dated as of October 27, 2008 (such amendment, the “Second Amendment” and, together with the Existing Credit Agreement and each other amendment, modification, extension, supplement, restatement and/or replacement thereto from time to time, the “Loan Agreement”) in order to, among others things, facilitate the acquisition by merger of the Parent by a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Guarantor (the “Acquisition”);

WHEREAS, pursuant to the Second Amendment, the Guarantor is required to execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent a guaranty guaranteeing the Obligations of the Borrowers under the Loan Agreement on or prior to the Teva Acquisition Effective Date (it being expressly agreed by the parties hereto that this Guaranty shall not become effective until the Teva Acquisition Effective Date); and

WHEREAS, the Guarantor has determined that its execution, delivery and performance of this Guaranty directly benefit, and are within the corporate purposes and in the best interests of, the Guarantor;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the agreements herein and in order to induce the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to enter into and agree to the terms contained in the Second Amendment, including permitting the Teva Acquisition as provided in the Second Amendment, the Guarantor hereby agrees with the Administrative Agent as follows:

SECTION 1. Definitions. Reference is hereby made to the Loan Agreement for a statement of the terms thereof. All terms used in this Guaranty which are not otherwise defined herein shall have the same meanings herein as set forth in the Loan Agreement.

 


SECTION 2. Guaranty. The Guarantor hereby (i) irrevocably, absolutely and unconditionally guarantees the prompt payment by the Borrowers, as and when due and payable (whether by scheduled maturity, required prepayment, acceleration, demand or otherwise), of all amounts now or hereafter owing in respect of the Loan Agreement and any Swap Contract to which an Affiliate of a Lender is a party, whether for principal, interest (including interest accruing on or after the filing of any petition in bankcruptcy or for reorganization relating to the Borrowers whether or not a claim for post-filing interest is allowed in such proceeding), fees, expenses, premiums, indemnities or otherwise, and the due performance and observance by the Borrowers of their Obligations now or hereafter existing or arising subsequent to the date hereof in respect of the Loan Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents; and (ii) agrees to pay any and all expenses (including reasonable counsel fees and expenses) incurred by the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender in enforcing its rights under this Guaranty. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Guarantor’s liability shall extend to all amounts that constitute part of the Obligations, whether presently existing or arising subsequent to the date hereof and would be owed by the Borrowers under the Loan Agreement but for the fact that such claim is unenforceable or not allowable due to the existence of a bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding involving any of the Borrowers.

SECTION 3. Guarantor’s Obligations Unconditional.

(a) The Guarantor hereby guarantees that the Obligations will be paid strictly in accordance with the terms of the Loan Agreement and the other applicable Loan Documents, regardless of any law, regulation or order now or hereafter in effect in any jurisdiction affecting any of such terms or the rights of the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender with respect to the Borrowers or the Loan Agreement and the other Loan Documents. The Guarantor agrees that this Guaranty constitutes a guaranty of payment when due and not of collection and waives any right to require that any resort be made by the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender to any Borrower, any other Guarantor or collateral, if any, for the Obligations. The obligations of the Guarantor under this Guaranty are independent of the Obligations under the Loan Agreement, and a separate action or actions may be brought and prosecuted against the Guarantor to enforce this Guaranty, irrespective of whether any action is brought against the Borrowers or any other Loan Party, or whether the Borrowers or any other Loan Party is joined in any such action. For so long as all or any of the Obligations remain outstanding, the liability of the Guarantor hereunder shall be absolute and unconditional irrespective of: (i) any lack of validity or enforceability of the Loan Agreement, any other Loan Document, a Swap Contract or any agreement or instrument relating thereto; (ii) any change in the time, manner or place of payment of, or in any other term in respect of, all or any of the Obligations, or any other amendment or waiver of or consent to any departure from the Loan Agreement (including, without limitation, any increase in the obligations of the Borrowers resulting from the extension of additional credit to the Borrowers) or a Swap Contract; (iii) any exchange or release of, or non-perfection of any lien on or security interest in, any collateral or any release or amendment or waiver of or consent to any departure from any other guaranty, for all or any of the Obligations; (iv) the existence of any claim, set-off, counterclaim, defense or other right that the

 

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Guarantor may have at any time against any Person, including, without limitation, the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender, provided that nothing herein shall permit the assertion of any such claim by separate suit or compulsory counterclaim; or (v) any other circumstance (other than payment in full of the Obligations) which might otherwise constitute a defense available to, or a discharge of, the Borrowers or any other guarantor in respect of the Obligations or the Guarantor in respect hereof.

(b) This Guaranty (i) is a continuing guaranty and shall remain in full force and effect until the satisfaction in full of the Obligations and termination of the Loan Agreement; and (ii) shall continue to be effective or shall be reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time any payment of any of the Obligations is rescinded or must otherwise be returned by the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender upon the insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization of any of the Borrowers or otherwise, all as though such payment had not been made.

(c) Waivers. The Guarantor hereby waives (i) promptness and diligence; (ii) notice of acceptance and notice of the incurrence of any Obligations by the Borrowers; (iii) notice of any actions taken by the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender or the Borrowers or any Loan Party under the Loan Agreement or a Swap Contract; (iv) all other notices, demands and protests, and all other formalities of every kind (including notice of presentment or demand for payment or performance), in connection with the enforcement of the Obligations or of the obligations of the Guarantor hereunder, the omission of or delay in which, but for the provisions of this Section 3, might constitute grounds for relieving the Guarantor of its obligations hereunder; (v) any right to compel or direct the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender to seek payment or recovery of any amounts owed under this Guaranty from any one particular fund or source; (vi) any requirement that the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender protect, secure, perfect or insure any security interest or lien or any property subject thereto or exhaust any right or take any action against any Borrower or any other Person or any collateral; and (vii) any right related to obtaining, amending, substituting for, releasing, discharging, waiving or modifying the liability of any Person for the Obligations or any security interest, liens or other encumbrances, if any, hereafter securing the Obligations, or the subordinating, compromising, discharging or releasing of such security interests, liens or encumbrances. In addition, the Guarantor hereby waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any right it may now or hereafter have to assert any defense, legal or equitable (other than the defense of payment in full of the Obligations). The Guarantor agrees that neither the Administrative Agent nor any Benefited Lender shall have any obligation to marshal any assets in favor of the Guarantor or against or in payment of any or all of the Obligations.

SECTION 4. Subrogation. The Guarantor will not exercise any rights which it may have or acquire by way of subrogation, contribution, reimbursement or indemnity whether hereunder or pursuant to law or any other agreement, by any payment made by it hereunder or otherwise, until such date on which all of the Obligations shall have been satisfied in full and the Loan Agreement has been terminated. If any amount shall be paid to the Guarantor on account of such subrogation, contribution, reimbursement or indemnity rights at any time when all of the Obligations shall not have been paid in full, such amount shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders, shall be segregated from the other funds of the Guarantor and shall forthwith be paid over to the Administrative Agent to be applied in

 

3


whole or in part by the Administrative Agent against the Obligations, whether matured or unmatured, in accordance with the terms of the Loan Agreement or a Swap Contract. If (i) the Guarantor shall make payment to the Administrative Agent of all or any portion of the Obligations and (ii) all of the Obligations shall be paid in full and the Loan Agreement has been terminated, then the Administrative Agent, by its acceptance hereof agrees that it will, at the Guarantor’s request and sole cost and expense, execute and deliver to the Guarantor (without recourse, representation or warranty) appropriate documents, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent, necessary to evidence the transfer by subrogation to the Guarantor of an interest in the Obligations resulting from such payment by the Guarantor, such subrogation to be fully subject and subordinate, however, to the collection by the Administrative Agent of all other amounts due to the Administrative Agent under the Loan Agreement, the Swap Contracts and the other Loan Documents.

SECTION 5. Representations and Warranties. The Guarantor hereby represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and each Benefited Lender as follows:

(a) The Guarantor (i) is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its formation as set forth on the first page hereof; and (ii) has all requisite power and authority to execute, deliver and perform this Guaranty.

(b) The execution, delivery and performance by the Guarantor of this Guaranty (i) have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action, (ii) do not and will not contravene any of its Organization Documents or any applicable Law, (iii) do not and will not contravene any contractual restriction binding on or affecting the Guarantor or any of its properties, except to the extent the foregoing, either individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse change in, or a material adverse effect upon, the business, property, operations or financial condition of the Guarantor or a material adverse effect upon the legality, validity, binding effect or enforceability against the Guarantor of this Guaranty, and (iv) do not and will not result in or require the creation of any Lien, security interest or other charge or encumbrance upon or with respect to any of its material properties.

(c) No authorization or approval or other action by, and no notice to or filing with, any Governmental Authority or other regulatory body is required for the due execution and delivery by the Guarantor of this Guaranty, except for authorizations, approvals, filings and notices which have been obtained or made and are in full force and effect.

(d) This Guaranty is a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Guarantor, enforceable against the Guarantor in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and to general principles of equity.

(e) The Guarantor is subject to civil and commercial law with respect to its obligations under this Guaranty, and neither the Guarantor nor any of the properties of the Guarantor have any immunity from suit or execution on the grounds of sovereignty. The Guarantor can be sued in its own name. There are no procedural bars to prevent the

 

4


Administrative Agent or the Benefited Lenders from commencing proceedings against the Guarantor in courts of competent jurisdiction in the State of Israel or the State of New York based upon its obligations under this Guaranty. The choice of law and submission to jurisdiction provisions provided for in this Guaranty are enforceable against the Guarantor.

SECTION 6. Notices, Etc. All notices or other communications provided for hereunder shall be in writing (including telecommunications) and shall be mailed, telecopied or delivered, if to the Guarantor, to it at its address as set forth on Exhibit A hereto, or at such other address as may hereafter be specified by the Guarantor to the Administrative Agent in writing, and if to the Administrative Agent, to the address as set forth on Exhibit B hereto, or at such other address as may hereafter be specified by the Administrative Agent to the Guarantor in writing. All such notices and other communications shall be effective (i) if sent by registered mail, return receipt requested, when received or ten Business Days after mailing, whichever first occurs, (ii) if telecopied, when transmitted and a confirmation is received, provided the same is on a Business Day and, if not, on the next Business Day, and provided further that a copy of such notice is either (A) received by registered mail, return receipt requested or (B) delivered by messenger or overnight courier, within three Business Days, or (iii) if delivered by messenger or overnight courier, upon delivery, provided the same is on a Business Day and, if not, on the next Business Day.

SECTION 7. Payments Free and Clear of Taxes, Etc.

(a) All payments by the Guarantor under this Guaranty shall be made without set off, counterclaim or other defense. All such payments shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for any Indemnified Taxes; provided that if the Guarantor shall be required to deduct any Indemnified Taxes from any such payments, then (i) the sum payable shall be increased as necessary so that after making all required deductions (including deductions applicable to additional sums payable under this Section) the Administrative Agent or the Benefited Lenders (as the case may be) receive an amount equal to the sum they would have received had no such deductions been made, (ii) the Guarantor shall make such deductions and (iii) the Guarantor shall pay the full amount deducted to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law.

(b) The Guarantor shall indemnify the Administrative Agent and each Benefited Lender, within five days after written demand therefor, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes paid by the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender, as the case may be, on or with respect to any payment by or on account of any obligation of the Guarantor hereunder (including Indemnified Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this Section) and any penalties, interest and reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Indemnified Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to the Guarantor by a Benefited Lender, or by the Administrative Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of a Benefited Lender, shall be conclusive absent manifest error.

(c) Any Benefited Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding tax under the law of the jurisdiction in which the Guarantor is located, or any treaty

 

5


to which such jurisdiction is a party, with respect to payments under this Guaranty shall deliver to the Guarantor (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), at the time or times prescribed by applicable law, such properly completed and executed documentation prescribed by applicable law or reasonably requested by the Guarantor as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate.

SECTION 8. Currency; Judgment. Unrestricted and transferable lawful money of the United States (“U.S. Dollars”) shall be the currency of account in the case of all payments pursuant to or arising under this Guaranty. The obligations of the Guarantor to the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders under this Guaranty shall not be discharged by any amount paid in any other currency to the extent that the amount so paid after conversion under this Guaranty does not yield the amount of U.S. Dollars due under this Guaranty. If, for the purposes of obtaining judgment in any court, it is necessary to convert a sum due hereunder in U.S. Dollars into another currency (the “Other Currency”), the rate of exchange used shall be that at which the Administrative Agent could, in accordance with normal banking procedures, purchase U.S. Dollars with the Other Currency on the Business Day preceding that on which final judgment is given. The obligation of the Guarantor in respect of any such sum due from it to the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders hereunder shall, notwithstanding any judgment in such Other Currency, be discharged only to the extent that, on the Business Day immediately following the date on which the Administrative Agent receives any sum adjudged to be so due in the Other Currency, the Administrative Agent may, in accordance with normal banking procedures, purchase U.S. Dollars with the Other Currency. If the U.S. Dollars so purchased are less than the sum originally due to the Administrative Agent in U.S. Dollars, the Guarantor agrees, as a separate obligation and notwithstanding any such judgment, to indemnify the Administrative Agent against such loss, and if the U.S. Dollars so purchased exceed the sum originally due to the Administrative Agent in U.S. Dollars, the Administrative Agent agrees to remit to the Guarantor such excess.

SECTION 9. Submission to Jurisdiction; Waivers. The Guarantor hereby irrevocably and unconditionally:

(a) Submits, for itself and its property, to the nonexclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York sitting in New York County and the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and any appellate court from any thereof, in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Guaranty, or for the recognition or enforcement of any judgment, and irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that all claims in respect of any such action or proceeding may be heard and determined in such New York State court or, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, in such federal court. The Guarantor agrees that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. Nothing in this Guaranty shall affect any right that the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender may otherwise have to bring any action or proceeding relating to this Guaranty against the Guarantor or its properties in the courts of any jurisdiction;

(b) Agrees that any such action, suit or proceeding may be brought in such courts and waives any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the venue of any such action, suit or proceeding in any such court or that such action, suit or proceeding was brought in an inconvenient court and agrees not to plead or claim the same;

 

6


(c) Consents to the service of any and all process in any such action or proceeding by the mailing of copies of such process by registered or certified mail (or substantially similar form of mail), postage prepaid, or by courier delivery to the Guarantor (at its address as set on Exhibit A hereto or at such other address of which the Administrative Agent shall have been notified pursuant to Section 6 hereof) and waives any objection that the Guarantor may now or hereafter have to contest service of process if it is made in accordance with this Section 9(c);

(d) To the extent that the Guarantor has or hereafter may acquire any immunity from jurisdiction of any court or from any legal process (whether through service or notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution, execution or otherwise) with respect to itself or its property, it waives such immunity in respect of its obligations under this Guaranty;

(e) Agrees that nothing herein shall affect the right of the Administrative Agent to effect service of process in any other manner permitted by law or shall limit the right to sue in any other jurisdiction, including, without limitation, the courts of Israel; and

(f) Waives any right it may have to claim or recover in any legal action or proceeding referred to in this Section any special, exemplary, punitive or consequential damages.

SECTION 10. Miscellaneous.

(a) The Guarantor will make each payment hereunder in lawful money of the United States and in same day funds to the Administrative Agent at its address specified in Exhibit B hereto.

(b) No amendment of any provision of this Guaranty shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by the Guarantor and the Administrative Agent, and no waiver of any provision of this Guaranty, and no consent to any departure by the Guarantor therefrom, shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by the Administrative Agent, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which it is given.

(c) No failure on the part of the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender to exercise, and no delay in exercising, any right hereunder or under the Loan Agreement or a Swap Contract shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right. The rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders provided herein and in the Loan Agreement or in a Swap Contract are cumulative and are in addition to, and not exclusive of, any rights or remedies provided by law and may be pursued separately, successively or concurrently, or not pursued, without affecting or limiting any other right of the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders and without affecting or impairing the liability of the Guarantor. The rights of the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders under the Loan Agreement and a Swap Contract against any party thereto are not conditional or contingent on any attempt by the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender to exercise any of its rights under the Loan Agreement or any Swap Contract against such party or against any other Person.

 

7


(d) Any provision of this Guaranty which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining portions hereof or thereof or affecting the validity or enforceability of such provision in any other jurisdiction.

(e) This Guaranty shall (i) be binding on the Guarantor and its successors and assigns, and (ii) inure, together with all rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders hereunder, to the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders and their successors, transferees and assigns. Without limiting the generality of clause (ii) of the immediately preceding sentence, any Benefited Lender may assign or otherwise transfer any Note held by it, and the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders may assign or otherwise transfer its rights under this Guaranty, the Loan Agreement and a Swap Contract, to any other Person subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Loan Agreement, and such other Person shall thereupon become vested with all of the benefits in respect thereof granted to such entity herein or otherwise. The Guarantor agrees that each Participant shall be entitled to the benefits of Section 7 with respect to its participation in the Loans as if it were a Benefited Lender; provided that a Participant shall not be entitled to receive any greater payment under Section 7 than the applicable Benefited Lender would have been entitled to receive with respect to the participation sold to such Participant, unless the sale of the participation to such Participant is made with the Borrowers’ prior written consent. A Participant that would be a Foreign Lender if it were a Benefited Lender shall not be entitled to the benefits of Section 7 unless the Borrowers are notified of the participation sold to such Participant and such Participant agrees, for the benefit of the Borrowers, to comply with Section 7(c) as though it were a Benefited Lender.

(f) The Guarantor covenants that it will not merge or consolidate with any other Person or sell, lease or convey all or substantially all of its assets to any other Person, unless (i) either the Guarantor shall be the continuing legal entity, or the successor legal entity or, the Person which acquires by sale, lease or conveyance all or substantially all of the assets of the Guarantor (if other than the Guarantor), shall expressly assume all of the obligations, liabilities and terms in this Guaranty and (ii) the Guarantor, such Person or such successor legal entity, as the case may be, shall not, immediately after such merger or consolidation, or such sale, lease or conveyance, be in default in the performance of any covenant or condition under the terms of this Guaranty.

(g) THIS GUARANTY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

(h) THE GUARANTOR AND THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT (BY ITS ACCEPTANCE OF THIS GUARANTY) HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVE ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM CONCERNING THIS GUARANTY, THE LOAN AGREEMENT, ANY SWAP CONTRACT OR ANY AMENDMENT, MODIFICATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT NOW OR HEREAFTER DELIVERED IN CONNECTION WITH ANY OF THE FOREGOING, AND AGREE THAT ANY SUCH ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM SHALL BE TRIED BEFORE A COURT AND NOT BEFORE A JURY.

 

8


(i) This Guaranty may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto on different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Guaranty by telecopy shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Guaranty. Any party delivering an executed counterpart of this Guaranty by telecopier also shall deliver an original executed counterpart of this Guaranty but the failure to deliver an original executed counterpart shall not affect the validity, enforceability, and binding effect of this Guaranty.

[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

 

9


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Guarantor has caused this Guaranty to be executed by an officer thereunto duly authorized, as of the date first above written.

 

TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED
By:  

/s/    Doron Blachar

Name:   Doron Blachar
Title:   VP Finance
By:  

/s/    Yossi Levin

Name:   Yossi Levin
Title:   Corporate Treasurer

ACCEPTED AND AGREED:

 

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent
By:  

/s/    Angela Lau

Name:  

Angela Lau

Title:  

Assistant Vice President

Signature Page to Guaranty (2006 Bank of America/Barr Credit Facility)

EX-2.26 5 dex226.htm FIRST AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT, DATED AS OF OCTOBER 27, 2008 First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 27, 2008

Exhibit 2.26

EXECUTION COPY

FIRST AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT

THIS FIRST AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT (this “Amendment”), dated as of October 27, 2008, is by and among BARR LABORATORIES, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Parent”) as a guarantor along with certain Subsidiaries of the Parent (individually a “Guarantor” and collectively the “Guarantors”), the Lenders party hereto (collectively, the “Lenders” and individually, a “Lender”), and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent for the Lenders (the “Administrative Agent”). Terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings provided in the Existing Credit Agreement described below.

W I T N E S S E T H

WHEREAS, the Borrower, the Guarantors, the Lenders and the Administrative Agent have entered into that certain Credit Agreement dated as of June 19, 2008 (as amended, modified, extended, renewed, restated, replaced or increased from time to time, prior to the date hereof, the “Existing Credit Agreement”);

WHEREAS, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (“Teva”), the Parent and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Teva have signed an agreement and plan of merger under which Teva would, subject to the terms and conditions thereof, acquire by merger the Parent (such acquisition the “Teva Acquisition”); and

WHEREAS, the consummation of the Teva Acquisition would result in a Change of Control and thus an Event of Default under Section 8.01(k) of the Existing Credit Agreement, the Parent and the Borrower has requested, and the Lenders have agreed, to amend the Existing Credit Agreement as provided herein to permit the Teva Acquisition pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Amendment.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the agreements hereinafter set forth, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

PART 1

DEFINITIONS

SUBPART 1.1 Certain Definitions. Unless otherwise defined herein or the context otherwise requires, the following terms used in this Amendment, including its preamble and recitals, have the following meanings:

First Amendment Effective Date” is defined in Subpart 3.1.

SUBPART 1.2 Other Definitions. Unless otherwise defined herein or the context otherwise requires, terms used in this Amendment, including its preamble and recitals, have the meanings provided in the Existing Credit Agreement.


PART 2

AMENDMENTS TO EXISTING CREDIT AGREEMENT

Effective on (and subject to the occurrence of) the First Amendment Effective Date, the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended in accordance with this Part 2.

SUBPART 2.1 Definition of Applicable Rate. The definition of “Applicable Rate” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

Applicable Rate” means (a) prior to the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, with respect to that portion of the Term Loan comprised of “Eurocurrency Rate Loans”, 1.50% per annum, and with respect to that portion of the Term Loan comprised of Base Rate Loans, 0.00% per annum; provided, that, to the extent the Consolidated Leverage Ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Parent is less than 2.5 to 1.0, the Applicable Rate shall be permanently reduced to 1.25% per annum with respect to that portion of the Term Loan comprised of “Eurocurrency Rate Loans” and 0.00% per annum with respect to that portion of the Term Loan comprised of Base Rate Loans. Any decrease in the Applicable Rate resulting from a change in the Consolidated Leverage Ratio shall become effective as of the first Business Day immediately following the date a Compliance Certificate is delivered pursuant to Section 6.02(b) and (b) on and after the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, the following percentages per annum, based upon the Corporate Ratings as set forth below:

 

Level

  

Corporate Ratings

   Applicable Rate
for LIBOR
Loans
   Applicable Rate
for Alternate Base
Rate Loans
I    Greater than or equal to A-/A3    125.0 bps    25.0 bps
II    BBB+/Baal    150.0 bps    50.0 bps
III    BBB/Baa2    175.0 bps    75.0 bps
IV    Less than or equal to BBB-/Baa3    225.0 bps    125.0 bps

Corporate Rating” means, as of any date of determination, the rating as determined by the Ratings Agencies as Teva’s corporate credit rating (collectively, the “Corporate Ratings”); provided that if a Corporate Rating is issued by the Ratings Agencies and there is a split rating, then the highest of such Corporate Ratings shall apply (with the Corporate Rating for Pricing Level I being the highest and the Corporate Rating for Pricing Level IV being the lowest) in determining the Pricing Level. If there is a multiple split in Corporate Ratings, then the Corporate Rating that is one level lower than the highest rating shall apply in determining the Pricing Level; provided, further, however, that the Applicable Rate shall be at pricing Level IV if no Corporate Rating is available from each of the Rating Agencies.

The Applicable Rate shall be at Level II for the first ninety (90) days immediately following the Teva Acquisition Effective Date. Thereafter, each change in the Applicable Rate resulting from a publicly announced change in the Corporate Rating shall be effective, during the period commencing on the date of the public announcement thereof and ending on the date immediately preceding the effective date of the next such change.

 

2


SUBPART 2.2 Definition of Base Rate. The definition of “Base Rate” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

Base Rate” means (a) prior to the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, for any day a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the higher of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus  1/2 of 1% and (ii) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by Bank of America as its “prime rate” and (b) on and after the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, for any day, a rate per annum equal to the highest of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus  1/2 of 1%, (ii) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by Bank of America as its “prime rate” and (iii) the Eurocurrency Rate for Dollar deposits being delivered in the London interbank market for a term of one month commencing on such day plus 1%. The “prime rate” is a rate set by Bank of America based upon various factors including Bank of America’s costs and desired return, general economic conditions and other factors, and is used as a reference point for pricing some loans, which may be priced at, above, or below such announced rate. Any change in such rate announced by Bank of America shall take effect at the opening of business on the day specified in the public announcement of such change.

SUBPART 2.3 Definition of Change of Control. Clauses (b) and (c) of the definition of “Change of Control” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement are hereby amended in their entireties to read as follows:

(b) any “person” or “group” (as such terms are used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, but excluding any employee benefit plan of such person or its subsidiaries, and any person or entity acting in its capacity as trustee, agent or other fiduciary or administrator of any such plan and excluding Teva and its Affiliates as part of or in connection with the Teva Acquisition) becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except that a person or group shall be deemed to have “beneficial ownership” of all securities that such person or group has the right to acquire (such right, an “option right”), whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time), directly or indirectly, of 35% or more of the equity securities of the Parent entitled to vote for members of the board of directors or equivalent governing body of the Parent on a fully-diluted basis (and taking into account all such securities that such person or group has the right to acquire pursuant to any option right);

(c) during any period of 12 consecutive months, a majority of the members of the board of directors or other equivalent governing body of the Parent cease to be individuals (i) who were members of that board or equivalent governing body on the first day of such period, (ii) whose election or nomination to that board or equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clause (i) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body or (iii) whose election or nomination to that board or other equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body (it being understood that changes in the members of the board of the Parent on the Teva Acquisition Effective Date and for a period of three months thereafter shall not constitute a “Change of Control” pursuant to this clause (c)).

 

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SUBPART 2.4 Definition of Consolidated EBITDA. Clause (a) of the definition of “Consolidated EBITDA” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended by adding new clauses (viii) and (ix) to the end of such clause (a) to read as follows, and making the appropriate grammatical changes thereto:

(viii) in the event that the Teva Acquisition Effective Date has occurred, one-time non-cash expenses incurred in connection with the Teva Acquisition and (ix) in the event that the Teva Acquisition Effective Date has occurred, one-time cash expenses incurred in connection with the Teva Acquisition in an aggregate amount not to exceed $75,000,000

SUBPART 2.5 Definition of Loan Documents. The definition of “Loan Documents” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

Loan Documents” means this Agreement, each Note, each Guarantor Joinder Agreement and, in the event that the Teva Acquisition Effective Date has occurred, the Teva Guaranty.

SUBPART 2.6 Definition of Loan Parties. The definition of “Loan Parties” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

Loan Parties” means, collectively, the Borrower, the Parent and each Guarantor (provided that, notwithstanding the Teva Guaranty, Teva shall not be deemed a “Loan Party”).

SUBPART 2.7 Definition of Parent. The definition of “Parent” contained in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

Parent” means (a) prior to the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation and (b) on and after the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, New Barr Parent.

SUBPART 2.8 New Definitions. The following new definitions are added to Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement in appropriate alphabetical order:

Approving Lenders” means each Lender who executed and delivered its signature page to the First Amendment on or before 5:00 P.M. (New York Time) on Monday, October 27, 2008.

First Amendment” means that certain First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of October 27, 2008, by and among the Borrower, the Parent, the Guarantors, the Lenders and the Administrative Agent.

First Amendment Effective Date” means October 27, 2008.

New Barr Parent” means that certain newly formed, wholly-owned subsidiary of Teva USA, Inc. organized under the laws of the State of Delaware which is the ultimate surviving entity in the Teva Acquisition.

Pliva Corporate Reorganization” means, that certain corporate reorganization pursuant to which the capital stock of one or more of Barr Laboratories Europe BV and its Subsidiaries shall be transferred to one or more Subsidiaries of Teva in exchange for the Teva Notes.

 

4


Teva” means Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., an Israeli company.

Teva Acquisition” means the acquisition by merger of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. by Teva.

Teva Acquisition Effective Date” means the date on which the Teva Acquisition shall have been consummated.

Teva Guaranty” means the guaranty by Teva of the Obligations pursuant to a guaranty agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A to the First Amendment.

Teva Notes” means the promissory notes from one or more Subsidiaries of Teva to Barr Laboratories, Inc. in connection with the Pliva Corporate Reorganization.

SUBPART 2.9 Teva Acquisition. A new Section 6.12 is hereby added to Article VI of the Existing Credit Agreement to read as follows:

6.12 Teva Acquisition. To the extent the Teva Acquisition Effective Date has occurred, on or prior to the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, the Administrative Agent shall have received the following items:

(a) Counterparts of (i) the Teva Guaranty, duly executed on behalf of Teva and the Administrative Agent (on behalf of the Lenders); provided that the Teva Guaranty may be received by the Administrative Agent in escrow to be effective on, and not prior to, the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, (ii) an incumbency certificate of Teva certified by a secretary or assistant secretary to be true and correct as of the Teva Acquisition Effective Date and (iii) a favorable opinion or opinions of counsel to Teva, addressed to the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders, with respect to the Teva Guaranty addressing due authorization, execution, delivery, enforceability, non-contravention and such other customary matters reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent; provided that the legal opinion or opinions may be received by the Administrative Agent in escrow to be effective on, and not prior to, the Teva Acquisition Effective Date; and

(b) An amendment fee for the benefit of the Approving Lenders equal to 10 basis points on each such Approving Lender’s portion of the Outstanding Amount as of the First Amendment Effective Date (it being understood that such fee shall be in addition to the amendment fee received by the Approving Lenders on the First Amendment Effective Date).

SUBPART 2.10 Investments. Clause (d) contained in Section 7.02 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated to read as follows:

(d) Investments in any Foreign Subsidiary; provided, that if such Investment is by a Loan Party in a Foreign Subsidiary that is not a “Loan Party” (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement) under the Existing Credit Agreement, no Default shall have occurred and be continuing before and after giving effect to such Investment on a Pro Forma Basis and, provided further, in the event that the Teva Acquisition Effective Date shall have occurred, the aggregate amount of such Investments permitted pursuant to this clause (d) shall not exceed $0.

 

5


*****

SUBPART 2.11 Investments. Section 7.02 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended by adding a new clause (r) thereto to read as follows, and renumbering existing clause (r) to read clause (s):

(r) Investments in the form of the Teva Notes; and

SUBPART 2.12 Fundamental Changes. Clause (a) contained in Section 7.04 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated to read as follows:

(a)(i) any Subsidiary of the Parent (other than the Borrower) may merge with (A) the Parent or the Borrower, provided that the Parent or the Borrower, as the case may be, shall be the continuing or surviving Person or (B) any one or more Persons, provided that when any Guarantor is merging with another Person which is not a Guarantor hereunder, the Guarantor shall be the continuing or surviving Person or the surviving Person shall become a Guarantor and (ii) the Borrower and the Parent may merge provided that (A) the Borrower shall be the continuing or surviving Person or (B) if the Parent shall be the continuing or surviving Person, (x) the Borrower shall provide written notice to the Administrative Agent prior to such merger or consolidation and (y) the Parent shall assume contemporaneously with such merger or consolidation all of the obligations of the Borrower under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents pursuant to documentation reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and (iii) to the extent the Teva Acquisition Effective Date shall have occurred, the Parent (Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) may merge with and into New Barr Parent, with New Barr Parent being the surviving “Parent” hereunder to the extent that New Barr Parent shall assume contemporaneously with such merger by operation of law or otherwise all of the obligations of the Parent (Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, it being understood and agreed that execution and delivery of the Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among the Parent, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and Barr Acquisition Corp., dated as of July 17, 2008, as amended, modified, extended, renewed, restated or replaced from time to time, satisfies the requirements of this clause (a). Following any merger pursuant to this Section 7.04(a)(ii), all references to “Parent” and to the “Borrower” shall be read as references to the Person surviving the merger;

SUBPART 2.13 Transactions With Affiliates. Section 7.07 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended by adding a new clause (h) to the end thereof, and making the appropriate punctuation and grammatical changes thereto:

and (h) in the event that the Teva Acquisition Effective Date shall have occurred, the Pliva Corporate Reorganization.

SUBPART 2.14 Financial Covenants. Section 7.10 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

7.10 Financial Covenants.

 

  (a) Prior to the Teva Acquisition Effective Date:

(i) Until the Corporate Ratings as determined by the Ratings Agencies shall each be BBB+ or higher and Baal or higher, respectively, as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Parent, then:

(A) Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio. Permit the Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Parent to be less than 3.00 to 1.00.

 

6


(B) Consolidated Leverage Ratio. Permit the Consolidated Leverage Ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Parent;

(1) from the Closing Date to and including the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2008, to be greater than 3.50 to 1.00.

(2) at all other times, to be greater than 3.00 to 1.00.

(ii) Once the Corporate Ratings as determined by the Ratings Agencies shall each be BBB+ or higher and Baal or higher, respectively, as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Parent, and thereafter:

Consolidated Funded Indebtedness to Total Capitalization. Permit the Consolidated Funded Indebtedness to Total Capitalization Ratio, at any time, to be greater than 0.50 to 1.00.

 

  (b) On and after the Teva Acquisition Effective Date:

(i) Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio. Permit the Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Parent to be less than 3.00 to 1.00.

(ii) Consolidated Leverage Ratio. Permit the Consolidated Leverage Ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Parent;

(A) from the Teva Acquisition Effective Date to and including the fiscal quarter ending December 31,2009, to be greater than 3.50 to 1.00.

(B) at all other times, to be greater than 3.00 to 1.00.

SUBPART 2.15 Release of Guarantee. Section 11.08 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

Section 11.08 Release of Guarantee.

Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained herein or in any other of the Loan Documents or Swap Contracts, to the extent (a) the Teva Acquisition Effective Date shall not have occurred and (b) the Parent or any of its Subsidiaries issues any public debt securities (the “Public Debt”), and the initial purchasers of such Public Debt would not require Subsidiaries of the Parent (other than the Borrower) to guarantee such Public Debt but for the fact that such Guarantors are guarantors of this Agreement, the Borrower shall have the option to release such Guarantors (other than the Parent) (the “Released Subsidiaries”) from their obligations under this

 

7


Agreement and the other Loan Documents to the extent that such Released Subsidiaries do not guaranty (i) such Public Debt (at the time of such release or in the future) or (ii) the Existing Credit Agreement (at the time of such release or in the future) (it being understood that to the extent any such Released Subsidiary becomes a guarantor under either the Public Debt or the Existing Credit Agreement, they shall become a guarantor hereunder as required by and pursuant to the terms of Section 6.11). Upon the delivery by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent of an Officer’s Certificate to the effect that the transaction giving rise to the release of this Guarantee was made by the Borrower in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, the Lenders shall execute any documents reasonably required in order to evidence the release of the Guarantors (other than the Parent) from their obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. It is understood and agreed that, to the extent the Guarantors (other than the Parent) are released from their obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents pursuant to this Section 11.08, the Parent shall remain a Guarantor hereunder and shall not be released from its obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. On and after the Teva Acquisition Effective Date, the Borrower shall no longer have the option to release any Guarantors pursuant to the provisions of this Section 11.08.

PART 3

CONDITIONS TO EFFECTIVENESS

SUBPART 3.1 First Amendment Effective Date. This Amendment shall be and become effective as of the date hereof (the “First Amendment Effective Date”) when all of the conditions set forth in this Part 3 shall have been satisfied, and thereafter this Amendment shall be known, and may be referred to, as the “Amendment”.

SUBPART 3.2 Execution of Counterparts of Amendment. The Administrative Agent shall have received counterparts of this Amendment, which collectively shall have been duly executed on behalf of the Borrower, the Guarantors, the Required Lenders and the Administrative Agent.

SUBPART 3.3 Amendment Fee. The Administrative Agent shall have received from the Borrower, for the account of each Lender who executes and approves this Amendment on or before 5:00 P.M. (New York Time) on Monday, October 27, 2008 (the “Approving Lenders”), an amendment fee equal to 10 basis points on such Approving Lender’s portion of the Outstanding Amount (it being understood that in addition to the foregoing amendment fee, in the event that the Teva Acquisition Effective Date (as defined in Section 1.01 to the Existing Credit Agreement, as amended hereby) occurs, the Approving Lenders shall also receive the fee set forth in Section 6.12 to the Existing Credit Agreement, as amended hereby).

SUBPART 3.4 Fees and Expenses. The Administrative Agent shall have received from the Borrower (a) the aggregate amount of all fees and expenses identified in that certain Engagement Letter dated October 6, 2008 among the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and Banc of America Securities LLC and (b) all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses of the Administrative Agent in connection with the preparation, execution and delivery of this Amendment, including without limitation the reasonable fees and expenses of Moore & Van Allen PLLC, special counsel to the Administrative Agent.

 

8


PART 4

MISCELLANEOUS

SUBPART 4.1 Cross-References. References in this Amendment to any Part or Subpart are, unless otherwise specified, to such Part or Subpart of this Amendment.

SUBPART 4.2 Representations and Warranties. Each Loan Party hereby represents and warrants that it: (a) has the requisite corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform this Amendment, as applicable, (b) is duly authorized to, and has been authorized by all necessary corporate action, to execute, deliver and perform this Amendment, (c) the representations and warranties contained in Article 5 of the Existing Credit Agreement are true and correct in all material respects on and as of the date hereof and upon giving effect to this Amendment as though made on and as of such date (except for those which expressly relate to an earlier date) and (d) no Default or Event of Default exists under the Existing Credit Agreement on and as of the date hereof and upon giving effect to this Amendment.

SUBPART 4.3 Instrument Pursuant to Existing Credit Agreement. This Amendment is executed pursuant to the Existing Credit Agreement and shall (unless otherwise expressly indicated therein) be construed, administered and applied in accordance with the terms and provisions of the Existing Credit Agreement.

SUBPART 4.4 References in Other Loan Documents. At such time as this Amendment shall become effective pursuant to the terms of Subpart 3.1, all references to the “Credit Agreement” shall be deemed to refer to the Credit Agreement as amended by this Amendment.

SUBPART 4.5 Counterparts/Telecopy. This Amendment may be executed by the parties hereto in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which shall constitute together but one and the same agreement. Delivery of executed counterparts of the Amendment by telecopy, facsimile or electronic mail shall be effective as an original and shall constitute a representation that an original shall be delivered.

SUBPART 4.6 Governing Law. THIS AMENDMENT SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE A CONTRACT MADE UNDER AND GOVERNED BY THE INTERNAL LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK (INCLUDING SECTIONS 5-1401 AND 5-1402 OF THE NEW YORK GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW, BUT EXCLUDING ALL OTHER CHOICE OF LAW AND CONFLICTS OF LAW RULES).

SUBPART 4.7 Successors and Assigns. This Amendment shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns.

SUBPART 4.8 General. Except as amended hereby, the Existing Credit Agreement and all other Loan Documents shall continue in full force and effect.

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]

 

9


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be duly executed as of the date first above written.

 

BORROWER:    

BARR LABORATORIES, INC.,

a Delaware corporation

    By:  

/s/    Christine A. Mundkur

    Name:   Christine A. Mundkur
    Title:   Chief Executive Officer
GUARANTORS:    

BARR PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.,

a Delaware corporation

    By:  

/s/    William T. Mekee

    Name:   William T. Mekee
    Title:   EVP and Chief Financial Officer
   

BARR DISTRIBUTION COMPANY,

a Delaware corporation

    By:  

/s/    Michael Bogdan

    Name:   Michael Bogdan
    Title:   President
   

DURAMED PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.,

a Delaware corporation

    By:  

/s/    Sigurd Kirk

    Name:   Sigurd Kirk
    Title:   Sr. VP - Controller

 

LOGO

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)


ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND LENDERS:    

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,

as Administrative Agent

    By:  

/s/ Angela Lau

    Name:   Angela Lau
    Title:   Assistant Vice President
   

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,

as a Lender

    By:  

/s/ Robert LaPorte

    Name:   Robert LaPorte
    Title:   Vice-President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)


THE NORTHERN TRUST COMPANY

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ Peter J. Hallan

Name:   Peter J. Hallan
Title:   Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)


DEUTSCHE BANK AG NEW YORK BRANCH,

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ Ming K. Chu

Name:   Ming K. Chu
Title:   Vice President
By:  

/s/ Heidi Sandquist

Name:   Heidi Sandquist
Title:   Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)


LOGO

 

UNICREDIT BANK AUSTRIA AG,

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ Pavel Brezina

Name:   Pavel BREZINA
  Managing Director Int. Corporates
By:  

/s/ Martin Zojer

Name:   Martin ZOJER
  Relationship Manager Int. Corporates

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)

 

Company name:

UniCredit Bank Austria AG

  

Company location: Schottengasse 6-8, 1010 Wien, Register of companies: Handelsgericht Wien,

FN 150714p, VAT-id. nr.: ATU51507409, DVR 0030066, BLZ: 12000, BIC: BKAUATWW, www.bankaustria.at


CREDIT SUISSE, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH,

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ Karim Blasetti

Name:   KARIM BLASETTI
Title:   VICE PRESIDENT
By:  

/s/ Mikhail Faybusovich

Name:   MIKHAIL FAYBUSOVICH
Title:   VICE PRESIDENT

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)


WILLOW FINANCIAL BANK,

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ Tara Handforth

Name:   Tara Handforth
Title:   Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)


MIZUHO CORPORATE BANK LTD.,

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ Raymond Ventura

Name:   Raymond Ventura
Title:   Deputy General Manager

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)


BAYERISCHE LANDESBANK, New York Branch

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ Nikolai von Mengden

Name:   Nikolai von Mengden
Title:   Senior Vice President
By:  

/s/ Matthew DeCarlo

Name:   Matthew DeCarlo
Title:   Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)


U.S. BANK, N.A.

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ Christopher T. Kordes

Name:   Christopher T. Kordes
Title:   Senior Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)


JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.,
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Kenneth Coons.

Name:   Kenneth Coons.
Title:   AVP / Underwriter

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)


Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Trust Company
[LENDER],
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Kenneth K. Egusa

Name:   Kenneth K. Egusa
Title:   Authorized Signatory

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)


ABN AMRO Bank N.V.,
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Michele Costello

Name:   Michele Costello
Title:   Director
By:  

/s/ David Carrington

Name:   David Carrington
Title:   Director

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)


[THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA],
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Paula Czach

Name:   Paula Czach
Title:   Director, Head of Execution

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)


Bank of China, New York Branch,
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ William W. Smith

Name:   William W. Smith
Title:   Deputy General Manager

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)


DNB NOR BANK ASA
as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Thomas Tangen

Name:   Thomas Tangen
Title:   First Vice President

DNB NOR BANK ASA

as a Lender

By:  

/s/ Phil Kurpiewski

Name:   Phil Kurpiewski
Title:   Senior Vice President

 

Barr Laboratories, Inc.

First Amendment (Term Loan)

EX-2.27 6 dex227.htm GUARANTY, DATED AS OF DECEMBER 23, 2008 Guaranty, dated as of December 23, 2008

Exhibit 2.27

EXECUTION COPY

GUARANTY

GUARANTY, dated as of December 23, 2008 (this “Guaranty”), made by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, an Israeli corporation (the “Guarantor”), in favor of each of the Lenders (as defined below) and each Affiliate of a Lender that enters into a Swap Contract (the “Swap Contract Affiliates” and together with the Lenders, the “Benefited Lenders”) and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders (the “Administrative Agent”).

W I T N E S S E T H:

WHEREAS, Barr Laboratories, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Parent”), and certain Subsidiaries of the Parent as guarantors, the Administrative Agent and the lenders from time to time parties thereto (the “Lenders”) have entered into that certain Credit Agreement dated as of June 19, 2008 (the “Existing Credit Agreement”);

WHEREAS, the Borrower, the Parent, the Administrative Agent and the Approving Lenders have amended the Existing Credit Agreement pursuant to a First Amendment dated as of October 27, 2008 (such amendment, the “First Amendment” and, together with the Existing Credit Agreement and each other amendment, modification, extension, supplement, restatement and/or replacement thereto from time to time, the “Loan Agreement”) in order to, among others things, facilitate the acquisition by merger of the Parent by a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Guarantor (the “Acquisition”);

WHEREAS, pursuant to the First Amendment, the Guarantor is required to execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent a guaranty guaranteeing the Obligations of the Borrower under the Loan Agreement on or prior to the Teva Acquisition Effective Date (it being expressly agreed by the parties hereto that this Guaranty shall not become effective until the Teva Acquisition Effective Date); and

WHEREAS, the Guarantor has determined that its execution, delivery and performance of this Guaranty directly benefit, and are within the corporate purposes and in the best interests of, the Guarantor;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the agreements herein and in order to induce the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to enter into and agree to the terms contained in the First Amendment, including permitting the Teva Acquisition as provided in the First Amendment, the Guarantor hereby agrees with the Administrative Agent as follows:

SECTION 1. Definitions. Reference is hereby made to the Loan Agreement for a statement of the terms thereof. All terms used in this Guaranty which are not otherwise defined herein shall have the same meanings herein as set forth in the Loan Agreement.

SECTION 2. Guaranty. The Guarantor hereby (i) irrevocably, absolutely and unconditionally guarantees the prompt payment by the Borrower, as and when due and payable (whether by scheduled maturity, required prepayment, acceleration, demand or otherwise), of all


amounts now or hereafter owing in respect of the Loan Agreement and any Swap Contract to which an Affiliate of a Lender is a party, whether for principal, interest (including interest accruing on or after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy or for reorganization relating to the Borrower whether or not a claim for post-filing interest is allowed in such proceeding), fees, expenses, premiums, indemnities or otherwise, and the due performance and observance by the Borrower of its Obligations now or hereafter existing or arising subsequent to the date hereof in respect of the Loan Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents; and (ii) agrees to pay any and all expenses (including reasonable counsel fees and expenses) incurred by the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender in enforcing its rights under this Guaranty. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Guarantor’s liability shall extend to all amounts that constitute part of the Obligations, whether presently existing or arising subsequent to the date hereof and would be owed by the Borrower under the Loan Agreement but for the fact that such claim is unenforceable or not allowable due to the existence of a bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding involving the Borrower.

SECTION 3. Guarantor’s Obligations Unconditional.

(a) The Guarantor hereby guarantees that the Obligations will be paid strictly in accordance with the terms of the Loan Agreement and the other applicable Loan Documents, regardless of any law, regulation or order now or hereafter in effect in any jurisdiction affecting any of such terms or the rights of the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender with respect to the Borrower or the Loan Agreement and the other Loan Documents. The Guarantor agrees that this Guaranty constitutes a guaranty of payment when due and not of collection and waives any right to require that any resort be made by the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender to any Borrower, any other Guarantor or collateral, if any, for the Obligations. The obligations of the Guarantor under this Guaranty are independent of the Obligations under the Loan Agreement, and a separate action or actions may be brought and prosecuted against the Guarantor to enforce this Guaranty, irrespective of whether any action is brought against the Borrower or any other Loan Party, or whether the Borrower or any other Loan Party is joined in any such action. For so long as all or any of the Obligations remain outstanding, the liability of the Guarantor hereunder shall be absolute and unconditional irrespective of: (i) any lack of validity or enforceability of the Loan Agreement, any other Loan Document, a Swap Contract or any agreement or instrument relating thereto; (ii) any change in the time, manner or place of payment of, or in any other term in respect of, all or any of the Obligations, or any other amendment or waiver of or consent to any departure from the Loan Agreement (including, without limitation, any increase in the obligations of the Borrower resulting from the extension of additional credit to the Borrower) or a Swap Contract; (iii) any exchange or release of, or non- perfection of any lien on or security interest in, any collateral or any release or amendment or waiver of or consent to any departure from any other guaranty, for all or any of the Obligations; (iv) the existence of any claim, set-off, counterclaim, defense or other right that the Guarantor may have at any time against any Person, including, without limitation, the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender, provided that nothing herein shall permit the assertion of any such claim by separate suit or compulsory counterclaim; or (v) any other circumstance (other than payment in full of the Obligations) which might otherwise constitute a defense available to, or a discharge of, the Borrower or any other guarantor in respect of the Obligations or the Guarantor in respect hereof.

 

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(b) This Guaranty (i) is a continuing guaranty and shall remain in full force and effect until the satisfaction in full of the Obligations and termination of the Loan Agreement; and (ii) shall continue to be effective or shall be reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time any payment of any of the Obligations is rescinded or must otherwise be returned by the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender upon the insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization of the Borrower or otherwise, all as though such payment had not been made.

(c) Waivers. The Guarantor hereby waives (i) promptness and diligence; (ii) notice of acceptance and notice of the incurrence of any Obligations by the Borrower; (iii) notice of any actions taken by the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender or the Borrower or any Loan Party under the Loan Agreement or a Swap Contract; (iv) all other notices, demands and protests, and all other formalities of every kind (including notice of presentment or demand for payment or performance), in connection with the enforcement of the Obligations or of the obligations of the Guarantor hereunder, the omission of or delay in which, but for the provisions of this Section 3, might constitute grounds for relieving the Guarantor of its obligations hereunder; (v) any right to compel or direct the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender to seek payment or recovery of any amounts owed under this Guaranty from any one particular fund or source; (vi) any requirement that the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender protect, secure, perfect or insure any security interest or lien or any property subject thereto or exhaust any right or take any action against any Borrower or any other Person or any collateral; and (vii) any right related to obtaining, amending, substituting for, releasing, discharging, waiving or modifying the liability of any Person for the Obligations or any security interest, liens or other encumbrances, if any, hereafter securing the Obligations, or the subordinating, compromising, discharging or releasing of such security interests, liens or encumbrances. In addition, the Guarantor hereby waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any right it may now or hereafter have to assert any defense, legal or equitable (other than the defense of payment in full of the Obligations). The Guarantor agrees that neither the Administrative Agent nor any Benefited Lender shall have any obligation to marshal any assets in favor of the Guarantor or against or in payment of any or all of the Obligations.

SECTION 4. Subrogation. The Guarantor will not exercise any rights which it may have or acquire by way of subrogation, contribution, reimbursement or indemnity whether hereunder or pursuant to law or any other agreement, by any payment made by it hereunder or otherwise, until such date on which all of the Obligations shall have been satisfied in full and the Loan Agreement has been terminated. If any amount shall be paid to the Guarantor on account of such subrogation, contribution, reimbursement or indemnity rights at any time when all of the Obligations shall not have been paid in full, such amount shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders, shall be segregated from the other funds of the Guarantor and shall forthwith be paid over to the Administrative Agent to be applied in whole or in part by the Administrative Agent against the Obligations, whether matured or unmatured, in accordance with the terms of the Loan Agreement or a Swap Contract. If (i) the Guarantor shall make payment to the Administrative Agent of all or any portion of the Obligations and (ii) all of the Obligations shall be paid in full and the Loan Agreement has been terminated, then the Administrative Agent, by its acceptance hereof agrees that it will, at the Guarantor’s request and sole cost and expense, execute and deliver to the Guarantor (without recourse, representation or warranty) appropriate documents, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent, necessary to evidence the transfer by subrogation to the

 

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Guarantor of an interest in the Obligations resulting from such payment by the Guarantor, such subrogation to be fully subject and subordinate, however, to the collection by the Administrative Agent of all other amounts due to the Administrative Agent under the Loan Agreement, the Swap Contracts and the other Loan Documents.

SECTION 5. Representations and Warranties. The Guarantor hereby represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and each Benefited Lender as follows:

(a) The Guarantor (i) is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its formation as set forth on the first page hereof; and (ii) has all requisite power and authority to execute, deliver and perform this Guaranty.

(b) The execution, delivery and performance by the Guarantor of this Guaranty (i) have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action, (ii) do not and will not contravene any of its Organization Documents or any applicable Law, (iii) do not and will not contravene any contractual restriction binding on or affecting the Guarantor or any of its properties, except to the extent the foregoing, either individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse change in, or a material adverse effect upon, the business, property, operations or financial condition of the Guarantor or a material adverse effect upon the legality, validity, binding effect or enforceability against the Guarantor of this Guaranty, and (iv) do not and will not result in or require the creation of any Lien, security interest or other charge or encumbrance upon or with respect to any of its material properties.

(c) No authorization or approval or other action by, and no notice to or filing with, any Governmental Authority or other regulatory body is required for the due execution and delivery by the Guarantor of this Guaranty, except for authorizations, approvals, filings and notices which have been obtained or made and are in full force and effect.

(d) This Guaranty is a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Guarantor, enforceable against the Guarantor in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and to general principles of equity.

(e) The Guarantor is subject to civil and commercial law with respect to its obligations under this Guaranty, and neither the Guarantor nor any of the properties of the Guarantor have any immunity from suit or execution on the grounds of sovereignty. The Guarantor can be sued in its own name. There are no procedural bars to prevent the Administrative Agent or the Benefited Lenders from commencing proceedings against the Guarantor in courts of competent jurisdiction in the State of Israel or the State of New York based upon its obligations under this Guaranty. The choice of law and submission to jurisdiction provisions provided for in this Guaranty are enforceable against the Guarantor.

SECTION 6. Notices, Etc. All notices or other communications provided for hereunder shall be in writing (including telecommunications) and shall be mailed, telecopied or delivered, if to the Guarantor, to it at its address as set forth on Exhibit A hereto, or at such other

 

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address as may hereafter be specified by the Guarantor to the Administrative Agent in writing, and if to the Administrative Agent, to the address as set forth on Exhibit B hereto, or at such other address as may hereafter be specified by the Administrative Agent to the Guarantor in writing. All such notices and other communications shall be effective (i) if sent by registered mail, return receipt requested, when received or ten Business Days after mailing, whichever first occurs, (ii) if telecopied, when transmitted and a confirmation is received, provided the same is on a Business Day and, if not, on the next Business Day, and provided further that a copy of such notice is either (A) received by registered mail, return receipt requested or (B) delivered by messenger or overnight courier, within three Business Days, or (iii) if delivered by messenger or overnight courier, upon delivery, provided the same is on a Business Day and, if not, on the next Business Day.

SECTION 7. Payments Free and Clear of Taxes, Etc.

(a) All payments by the Guarantor under this Guaranty shall be made without set off, counterclaim or other defense. All such payments shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for any Indemnified Taxes; provided that if the Guarantor shall be required to deduct any Indemnified Taxes from any such payments, then (i) the sum payable shall be increased as necessary so that after making all required deductions (including deductions applicable to additional sums payable under this Section) the Administrative Agent or the Benefited Lenders (as the case may be) receive an amount equal to the sum they would have received had no such deductions been made, (ii) the Guarantor shall make such deductions and (iii) the Guarantor shall pay the full amount deducted to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law.

(b) The Guarantor shall indemnify the Administrative Agent and each Benefited Lender, within five days after written demand therefor, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes paid by the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender, as the case may be, on or with respect to any payment by or on account of any obligation of the Guarantor hereunder (including Indemnified Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this Section) and any penalties, interest and reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Indemnified Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to the Guarantor by a Benefited Lender, or by the Administrative Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of a Benefited Lender, shall be conclusive absent manifest error.

(c) Any Benefited Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding tax under the law of the jurisdiction in which the Guarantor is located, or any treaty to which such jurisdiction is a party, with respect to payments under this Guaranty shall deliver to the Guarantor (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), at the time or times prescribed by applicable law, such properly completed and executed documentation prescribed by applicable law or reasonably requested by the Guarantor as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate.

SECTION 8. Currency; Judgment. Unrestricted and transferable lawful money of the United States (“U.S. Dollars”) shall be the currency of account in the case of all payments

 

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pursuant to or arising under this Guaranty. The obligations of the Guarantor to the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders under this Guaranty shall not be discharged by any amount paid in any other currency to the extent that the amount so paid after conversion under this Guaranty does not yield the amount of U.S. Dollars due under this Guaranty. If, for the purposes of obtaining judgment in any court, it is necessary to convert a sum due hereunder in U.S. Dollars into another currency (the “Other Currency”), the rate of exchange used shall be that at which the Administrative Agent could, in accordance with normal banking procedures, purchase U.S. Dollars with the Other Currency on the Business Day preceding that on which final judgment is given. The obligation of the Guarantor in respect of any such sum due from it to the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders hereunder shall, notwithstanding any judgment in such Other Currency, be discharged only to the extent that, on the Business Day immediately following the date on which the Administrative Agent receives any sum adjudged to be so due in the Other Currency, the Administrative Agent may, in accordance with normal banking procedures, purchase U.S. Dollars with the Other Currency. If the U.S. Dollars so purchased are less than the sum originally due to the Administrative Agent in U.S. Dollars, the Guarantor agrees, as a separate obligation and notwithstanding any such judgment, to indemnify the Administrative Agent against such loss, and if the U.S. Dollars so purchased exceed the sum originally due to the Administrative Agent in U.S. Dollars, the Administrative Agent agrees to remit to the Guarantor such excess.

SECTION 9. Submission to Jurisdiction; Waivers. The Guarantor hereby irrevocably and unconditionally:

(a) Submits, for itself and its property, to the nonexclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York sitting in New York County and the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and any appellate court from any thereof, in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Guaranty, or for the recognition or enforcement of any judgment, and irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that all claims in respect of any such action or proceeding may be heard and determined in such New York State court or, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, in such federal court. The Guarantor agrees that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. Nothing in this Guaranty shall affect any right that the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender may otherwise have to bring any action or proceeding relating to this Guaranty against the Guarantor or its properties in the courts of any jurisdiction;

(b) Agrees that any such action, suit or proceeding may be brought in such courts and waives any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the venue of any such action, suit or proceeding in any such court or that such action, suit or proceeding was brought in an inconvenient court and agrees not to plead or claim the same;

(c) Consents to the service of any and all process in any such action or proceeding by the mailing of copies of such process by registered or certified mail (or substantially similar form of mail), postage prepaid, or by courier delivery to the Guarantor (at its address as set on Exhibit A hereto or at such other address of which the Administrative Agent shall have been notified pursuant to Section 6 hereof) and waives any objection that the Guarantor may now or hereafter have to contest service of process if it is made in accordance with this Section 9(c);

 

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(d) To the extent that the Guarantor has or hereafter may acquire any immunity from jurisdiction of any court or from any legal process (whether through service or notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution, execution or otherwise) with respect to itself or its property, it waives such immunity in respect of its obligations under this Guaranty;

(e) Agrees that nothing herein shall affect the right of the Administrative Agent to effect service of process in any other manner permitted by law or shall limit the right to sue in any other jurisdiction, including, without limitation, the courts of Israel; and

(f) Waives any right it may have to claim or recover in any legal action or proceeding referred to in this Section any special, exemplary, punitive or consequential damages.

SECTION 10. Miscellaneous.

(a) The Guarantor will make each payment hereunder in lawful money of the United States and in same day funds to the Administrative Agent at its address specified in Exhibit B hereto.

(b) No amendment of any provision of this Guaranty shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by the Guarantor and the Administrative Agent, and no waiver of any provision of this Guaranty, and no consent to any departure by the Guarantor therefrom, shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by the Administrative Agent, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which it is given.

(c) No failure on the part of the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender to exercise, and no delay in exercising, any right hereunder or under the Loan Agreement or a Swap Contract shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right. The rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders provided herein and in the Loan Agreement or in a Swap Contract are cumulative and are in addition to, and not exclusive of, any rights or remedies provided by law and may be pursued separately, successively or concurrently, or not pursued, without affecting or limiting any other right of the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders and without affecting or impairing the liability of the Guarantor. The rights of the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders under the Loan Agreement and a Swap Contract against any party thereto are not conditional or contingent on any attempt by the Administrative Agent or any Benefited Lender to exercise any of its rights under the Loan Agreement or any Swap Contract against such party or against any other Person.

(d) Any provision of this Guaranty which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining portions hereof or thereof or affecting the validity or enforceability of such provision in any other jurisdiction.

 

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(e) This Guaranty shall (i) be binding on the Guarantor and its successors and assigns, and (ii) inure, together with all rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders hereunder, to the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders and their successors, transferees and assigns. Without limiting the generality of clause (ii) of the immediately preceding sentence, any Benefited Lender may assign or otherwise transfer any Note held by it, and the Administrative Agent and the Benefited Lenders may assign or otherwise transfer its rights under this Guaranty, the Loan Agreement and a Swap Contract, to any other Person subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Loan Agreement, and such other Person shall thereupon become vested with all of the benefits in respect thereof granted to such entity herein or otherwise. The Guarantor agrees that each Participant shall be entitled to the benefits of Section 7 with respect to its participation in the Loans as if it were a Benefited Lender; provided that a Participant shall not be entitled to receive any greater payment under Section 7 than the applicable Benefited Lender would have been entitled to receive with respect to the participation sold to such Participant, unless the sale of the participation to such Participant is made with the Borrower’s prior written consent. A Participant that would be a Foreign Lender if it were a Benefited Lender shall not be entitled to the benefits of Section 7 unless the Borrower is notified of the participation sold to such Participant and such Participant agrees, for the benefit of the Borrower, to comply with Section 7(c) as though it were a Benefited Lender.

(f) The Guarantor covenants that it will not merge or consolidate with any other Person or sell, lease or convey all or substantially all of its assets to any other Person, unless (i) either the Guarantor shall be the continuing legal entity, or the successor legal entity or, the Person which acquires by sale, lease or conveyance all or substantially all of the assets of the Guarantor (if other than the Guarantor), shall expressly assume all of the obligations, liabilities and terms in this Guaranty and (ii) the Guarantor, such Person or such successor legal entity, as the case may be, shall not, immediately after such merger or consolidation, or such sale, lease or conveyance, be in default in the performance of any covenant or condition under the terms of this Guaranty.

(g) THIS GUARANTY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

(h) THE GUARANTOR AND THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT (BY ITS ACCEPTANCE OF THIS GUARANTY) HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVE ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM CONCERNING THIS GUARANTY, THE LOAN AGREEMENT, ANY SWAP CONTRACT OR ANY AMENDMENT, MODIFICATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT NOW OR HEREAFTER DELIVERED IN CONNECTION WITH ANY OF THE FOREGOING, AND AGREE THAT ANY SUCH ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM SHALL BE TRIED BEFORE A COURT AND NOT BEFORE A JURY.

(i) This Guaranty may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto on different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Guaranty by telecopy shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Guaranty. Any party delivering an executed counterpart of this Guaranty by telecopier also shall deliver an original executed counterpart of this Guaranty but the failure to deliver an original executed counterpart shall not affect the validity, enforceability, and binding effect of this Guaranty.

 

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[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Guarantor has caused this Guaranty to be executed by an officer thereunto duly authorized, as of the date first above written.

 

TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

By:

 

/s/ Doron Blachar

Name:

  Doron Blachar

Title:

  VP finance

 

By:  

/s/ Yossi Levin

Name:   Yossi Levin
Title:   Corporate Treasurer

 

ACCEPTED AND AGREED:
BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent
By:  

/s/ Angela Lau

Name:   Angela Lau
Title:   Assistant Vice President

Signature Page to Guaranty (2008 Bank of America/Barr Credit Facility)

EX-4.1 7 dex41.htm AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER, DATED AS OF JANUARY 22, 2008 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 22, 2008

Exhibit 4.1

AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER

BY AND AMONG

TEVA PHARMACEUTICALS USA, INC.,

COLUMBUS MERGER CORPORATION,

COGENESYS INC.

AND

STEVEN C. MAYER, AS STOCKHOLDERS’ AGENT

JANUARY 22, 2008


LIST OF EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit A   Form of Escrow Agreement
Exhibit B   Matters to be Covered by Legal Opinion
LIST OF SCHEDULES
Schedule 5.1   Conduct of Business of the Company
Schedule 7.2(j)   Employees Intending to Continue Employment
Schedule 10.2(a)   Company Material Adverse Effect
Schedule 10.2(b)   Company Knowledge


AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER

THIS AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of January 22, 2008 by and among Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Parent”), Columbus Merger Corporation, a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Sub”), CoGenesys, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and, solely for purposes of Sections 9 and 10 of this Agreement, Steven C. Mayer, as Stockholders’ Agent (the “Stockholders’ Agent”).

RECITALS

A. The Boards of Directors of the Company, Parent and Merger Sub believe it is in the best interests of their respective companies and the stockholders of their respective companies for the Company and Merger Sub to combine into a single company through the statutory merger of Merger Sub with and into the Company (the “Merger”) and, in furtherance thereof, have approved this Agreement and the Merger.

B. Immediately following the execution of this Agreement, the stockholders of the Company, including the holders of (i) at least sixty-seven percent (67%) of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock (as defined below), voting together as a single class on an as-converted to Company Common Stock (as defined below) basis, and (ii) a majority of the shares of Company Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class on an as-converted basis, will have approved this Agreement and the Merger.

C. In connection with the Merger, the outstanding shares of the Company’s capital stock will be converted into the right to receive the cash amounts described in this Agreement and all of the Company’s outstanding options to purchase Company’s capital stock will accelerate, vest and be exercised or be otherwise canceled, as further provided in this Agreement.

D. Parent will place ten percent (10%) of the Merger Consideration (as defined below) payable by Parent into escrow to secure the Company’s representations and warranties, as more specifically provided in this Agreement and in the Escrow Agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A to be executed and delivered in accordance with Section 9.1 (the “Escrow Agreement”).

AGREEMENT

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants, representations and warranties set forth herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:

1. Definitions.

1.1 Certain Defined Terms. As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

ABS” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.12(e).


Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph.

Affiliate” shall mean, with respect to any Person, any other Person directly or indirectly controlling, directly or indirectly controlled by, or under direct or indirect common control with, such Person or a member of such Person’s immediate family; or if such Person is a partnership, any general partner of such Person or a Person controlling any such general partner. For purposes of this definition, “control” (including “controlled by” and “under common control with”) shall mean the power, directly or indirectly, to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

Aventis License” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.12(e).

Aventis L.L.C.” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.12(e).

CAT License” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.12(f).

CERCLA” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.17(a).

Certificate” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.7(a).

Certificate of Merger” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2.

Closing” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2.

“Closing Cash Amount” means the amount of $3,000,000, as may be reduced by such amounts required by the Company for expenses arising during the Pre-Closing Period and consented to by Parent in writing (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed).

Closing Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2.

CMC” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.29(a).

COBRA” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.19(e).

Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

Company” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph.

Company 401(k) Plan” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.4(d).

Company Acquisition Proposal” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.7(a).

Company Balance Sheet” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.4.

Company Balance Sheet Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.7.

Company Capital Stock” means all shares of Company Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock.

 

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Company Closing Certificate” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.2(d).

Company Common Stock” means shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share.

Company Disclosure Schedule” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.

Company Employees” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.4(a).

Company Employee Plans” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.19(a).

Company Facilities” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.17(b).

Company Financial Statements” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.4.

Company Holders” shall mean, collectively, the holders of Company Capital Stock and Company Options.

Company IP Rights” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.10(a)(v).

Company Material Adverse Effect” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(a).

Company Options” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.11(a).

Company Option Plan” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.11(a).

Company Products” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.28(a).

Confidentiality Agreement” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.2.

Continuing Employee” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.4(a).

Converted Company Option” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.11(a).

Copyrights” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.10(a)(ii).

Credit Suisse” shall mean Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC.

Current Company Business” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1.

Damages” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.2(b).

Delaware Law” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1.

Delta” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.12(e).

“Dissenting Share” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.9.

Dissenting Stockholder” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.9.

 

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Effective Time” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2.

Environmental Laws” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.17(a)(i).

ERISA” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.19(a).

ERISA Affiliate” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.19(a).

Escrow Agent” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.12.

Escrow Agreement” has the meaning set forth in Recital D.

Escrow Fund” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.12.

FDA” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.28(a)

FDCA” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.28(a).

Former Stockholders” means those persons who held shares of Company Capital Stock immediately prior to the Effective Time, including as a result of the exercise of Company Options pursuant to Section 2.11.

GAAP” means United States generally accepted accounting principles.

GmbH” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.12(e).

Grant Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.5(a).

Governmental Authority” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2(b).

Hazardous Materials” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.17(a)(ii).

HGS Agreements” means that certain License Agreement by and between Human Genome Sciences, Inc. (“HGS”) and the Company, dated as of June 7, 2006, as amended on November 28, 2007 (the “HGS License”), that certain Asset Purchase Agreement by and between HGS and the Company, dated as of December 13, 2005, and that certain Manufacturing Services Agreement by and between HGS and the Company, dated as of June 7, 2006 (the “HGS Services Agreement”), as amended by the Termination Agreement by and between HGS and the Company, dated as of November 28, 2007 (the “HGS Services Termination Agreement”).

HIPAA” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.19(e).

HSR” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2(b).

Indemnified Parties” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.6(a).

IP Rights” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.10(a)(i).

knowledge” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(b).

 

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Lease” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.16(a).

Letter of Transmittal” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.7(b).

Lien” means, with respect to any property or asset, any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest or other encumbrance, right of first refusal or right of first offer in respect of such property or asset.

Material Contract” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.12(c).

Material Company IP Rights” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.10(a)(iii).

Merger” has the meaning set forth in Recital A.

Merger Consideration” means the amount, payable in cash, of $400,000,000.

Merger Sub” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph.

Parent” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph.

Parent Material Adverse Effect” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.3(b).

Parent Plans” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.4(b).

Patent Rights” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.10(a)(iv).

PDL License” means that certain License Agreement by and between the Company (as successor in interest to HGS) and Protein Design Labs, Inc. (“PDL”), dated as of December 15, 2005.

Permitted Encumbrances” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.15.

Per Share Merger Consideration” means (i) the sum of the Merger Consideration plus the cash amounts received by the Company during the Pre-Closing Period in respect of the exercise of Company Options (other than any Converted Company Options) plus the aggregate exercise price of all Converted Company Options divided by (ii) the sum of the aggregate number of shares of Company Capital Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (including all shares of Company Common Stock issued immediately prior to the Effective Time in connection with the exercise of Company Options and treating all shares of Series A Preferred Stock on an as-converted to Company Common Stock basis), plus all unissued shares of Company Common Stock underlying Converted Company Options immediately prior to the Effective Time.

Person” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(d).

Pre-Closing Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.

Principia” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.12(e).

 

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RCRA” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.17(a)(i).

Representation Termination Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.2(a).

Required Stockholder Vote” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2(a).

Returns” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.18(a).

SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Series A Preferred Stock” means shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, as defined in the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation.

Stockholders’ Agent” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph.

Specified Transactional Expenses” means the following expenses, to the extent incurred by the Company at or prior to the Closing in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby: expenses payable by the Company to its outside professional legal, financial and accounting advisors for services performed by them on behalf of the Company with respect to the Merger and the negotiation of this Agreement (including, without limitation, any fees payable to Credit Suisse).

Subsidiary” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(c).

Surviving Corporation” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1.

Tax” or “Taxes” means any federal, state, local, or foreign income, gross receipts, license, payroll, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, windfall profits, environmental, customs duties, capital stock, franchise, profits, withholding, social security (or similar), unemployment, disability, real property, personal property, sales, use, transfer, registration, value added, alternative or add-on minimum, estimated, or other tax of any kind whatsoever, whether disputed or not, including any interest, penalty, or addition thereto.

Tax Return” means any return, information statement or report required to be filed with a Governmental Authority with respect to Taxes.

Third-Party Claim” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.2(d).

Threshold” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.2(c)(ii).

Trademark Rights” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.10(a)(vi).

2. The Merger.

2.1 The Merger. At the Effective Time and upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, in the Certificate of Merger filed pursuant to Section 2.2 and in the applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“Delaware Law”),

 

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Merger Sub shall be merged with and into the Company, the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub shall cease and the Company shall continue as the surviving corporation in the Merger (the “Surviving Corporation”).

2.2 Closing; Effective Time. The consummation of the Merger (the “Closing”) shall take place on the second business day after the satisfaction or waiver of the last of the conditions set forth in Section 7 to be satisfied or waived (other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the Closing but subject to the satisfaction or waiver of such conditions at the Closing), or at such other time as the parties hereto agree (the actual date on which the Closing takes place being the “Closing Date”). The Closing shall take place at the offices of Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019, or at such other location as the parties hereto agree. In connection with the Closing, Parent and the Company shall cause the Merger to be made effective by filing a certificate of merger in a form reasonably acceptable to Parent and the Company (the “Certificate of Merger”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware in accordance with the relevant provisions of Delaware Law (the time of such filing being the “Effective Time”).

2.3 Effect of the Merger. At the Effective Time, the effect of the Merger shall be as provided in this Agreement, the Certificate of Merger filed pursuant to Section 2.2 and the applicable provisions of Delaware Law.

2.4 Certificate of Incorporation; Bylaws. Unless otherwise agreed to by Parent and the Company prior to the Closing, at the Effective Time:

(a) the certificate of incorporation of Merger Sub, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be the certificate of incorporation of the Surviving Corporation until thereafter amended as provided by Delaware Law; provided, however, that Article I of the certificate of incorporation of the Surviving Corporation shall read as follows: “The name of the corporation is CoGenesys, Inc.”; and

(b) the bylaws of Merger Sub, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be the bylaws of the Surviving Corporation until thereafter amended.

2.5 Directors and Officers. At the Effective Time, the directors and officers of Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the directors and officers of the Surviving Corporation, to serve until their respective successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified.

2.6 Effect on Capital Stock and Converted Company Options. Subject to Sections 2.7, 2.9 and 2.12, at the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any further action on the part of Parent, Merger Sub, the Company, the stockholders of the Company or the Stockholders’ Agent, the effect of the Merger shall be as follows:

(a) Any shares of Company Common Stock then held by the Company (or held in the Company’s treasury) shall be canceled and retired and shall cease to exist, and no consideration shall be delivered in exchange therefor;

 

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(b) Each share of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding as of the Effective Time shall be exchanged for the right to receive the Per Share Merger Consideration;

(c) Each share of Company Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Closing (including upon the exercise of Company Options in accordance with Section 2.11(a)) and outstanding as of the Effective Time shall be exchanged for the right to receive the Per Share Merger Consideration;

(d) Each Converted Company Option shall be exchanged for the right to receive an amount equal to the product of (i) the amount, if any, by which the Per Share Merger Consideration exceeds the per share exercise price of such Converted Company Option multiplied by (ii) the number of unissued shares of Company Common Stock underlying such Converted Company Option immediately prior to the Effective Time; and

(e) Each share of the common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of Merger Sub then outstanding shall be converted into one share of common stock of the Surviving Corporation.

2.7 Surrender of Certificates.

(a) No Further Rights as Company Stockholders. At the Effective Time, all shares of Company Capital Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall automatically be canceled and retired and shall cease to exist, and no holder of record of a certificate that immediately prior to the Effective Time represented outstanding shares of Company Capital Stock (a “Certificate”) shall have any rights as a stockholder of the Company.

(b) Exchange Procedures. Upon surrender of a Certificate for cancellation to Parent, together with a letter of transmittal in a form reasonably acceptable to Parent and the Company (each, a “Letter of Transmittal”), duly completed and validly executed in accordance with the instructions thereto, (i) the holder of such Certificate shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor a cash amount as provided in Section 2.6(c) with respect to such Certificate and (ii) the Certificate so surrendered shall forthwith be canceled. Parent shall, no later than two business days after receipt of each properly surrendered Certificate and Letter of Transmittal, cause the payment described in the preceding sentence to be made to the holder of such Certificate by check or wire transfer of immediately available funds to the account designated by such holder in the Letter of Transmittal delivered with such Certificate. Until so surrendered, each outstanding Certificate that prior to the Effective Time represented shares of Company Capital Stock (other than Dissenting Shares) will be deemed from and after the Effective Time, for all purposes, to evidence the right to receive Per Share Merger Consideration as provided in Sections 2.6(b) or 2.6(c), as applicable. If, after the Effective Time, any Certificate is presented to the Surviving Corporation or Parent, it shall be canceled and exchanged as provided in this Section 2.7.

(c) Transfers of Ownership. At the Effective Time, the stock transfer books of the Company shall be closed, and there shall thereafter be no further registration of transfers of shares of Company Capital Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time on the records of the Company.

 

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(d) No Liability. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 2.7, neither Parent nor the Surviving Corporation nor any other party hereto shall be liable to any person for any amount properly paid to a public official pursuant to any applicable abandoned property law, escheat law or similar law.

2.8 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. If any Certificate shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, Parent may, as a condition to the payment of the consideration into which the shares of Company Capital Stock formerly represented by such Certificate have been converted pursuant to Section 2.6, require the owner of such Certificate to provide an appropriate affidavit, indemnity agreement and other documentation upon such terms as Parent may reasonably determine are necessary as indemnity against any claim that may be made against it.

2.9 Dissenting Shares. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, any share of Company Capital Stock that is issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time and which is held by a stockholder who did not consent to or vote in favor of the approval of this Agreement, which stockholder complies with all of the provisions of Delaware Law relevant to the exercise of dissenters’ rights (such share being a “Dissenting Share,” and such stockholder being a “Dissenting Stockholder”), shall not be converted into the right to receive the consideration to which the holder of such share would be entitled pursuant to Section 2.6 but rather shall be converted into the right to receive such consideration as may be determined to be due with respect to such Dissenting Share pursuant to Delaware Law. If any Dissenting Stockholder fails to perfect such stockholder’s dissenters’ rights under Delaware Law or effectively withdraws or otherwise loses such rights with respect to any Dissenting Shares, such Dissenting Shares shall thereupon automatically be converted into the right to receive the consideration referred to in Section 2.6, pursuant to the exchange procedures set forth in Section 2.7. The Company shall give Parent (a) prompt notice of any demand for payment of the fair value of any shares of Company Capital Stock or any attempted withdrawal of any such demand for payment and any other instrument served pursuant to Delaware Law and received by the Company relating to any stockholder’s dissenters’ rights and (b) the opportunity to participate in all negotiations and proceedings with respect to any such demands for payment under Delaware Law. The Company will not voluntarily make any payment with respect to any demand for appraisal with respect to any Dissenting Shares without the prior written consent of Parent, which consent shall not be unreasonably conditioned, withheld or delayed.

2.10 Taking of Further Action. If, at any time after the Effective Time, any further action is necessary or desirable to carry out the purposes of this Agreement and to vest the Surviving Corporation with full right, title and possession to all assets, property, rights, privileges, powers and franchises of the Company and Merger Sub, Parent and the Surviving Corporation are fully authorized in their respective names to take, and will take, all such lawful and necessary or desirable action, so long as such action is not inconsistent with this Agreement.

2.11 Treatment of Options.

(a) Prior to the Effective Time, the Company shall give notice to each Person holding an outstanding option to purchase shares of Company Common Stock granted under the Company’s stock option plan (the “Company Option Plan”) or otherwise (such options, the “Company Options”) which notice will: (i) indicate that the Board of Directors of

 

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the Company has caused the vesting applicable to their Company Options to be accelerated in full in connection with the Merger effective immediately prior to the Effective Time, contingent upon the Closing, irrespective of any acceleration of vesting otherwise applicable to their Company Options under the Company Option Plan or otherwise in connection with the Merger, (ii) inform them of the period of time prior to the Effective Time in which they may exercise or convert their Company Options, contingent upon the Closing, and (iii) offer them the ability to either (x) exercise their Company Options, upon the payment of the cash exercise price therefor in accordance with the terms of such Company Options, with such exercise in each case contingent upon the Closing and effective as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, or (y) convert the unexercised portion of their Company Options into the right to receive an amount of cash determined pursuant to Section 2.6(d), with such conversion in each case contingent upon the Closing and effective as of immediately prior to the Effective Time (each such Company Option for which the conversion right pursuant to this clause (y) has been properly exercised, a “Converted Company Option”). Any shares of Company Common Stock issued upon the exercise of such Company Options will be converted into the right to receive the Per Share Merger Consideration at the Effective Time pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.6. Any Company Options not so exercised and/or converted, as applicable, shall be canceled as of the Effective Time without the payment of any consideration to the holder, and such holder shall have no rights with respect to such Company Option following the Effective Time.

(b) As soon as reasonably practicable after the Effective Time, Parent will pay each holder of Converted Company Options the amount to which such holder is entitled pursuant to Section 2.6(d), either by check or by wire transfer.

(c) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (a) and (b) above, the holders of Company Options will have no further rights in respect of any Company Options from and after the Effective Time, and the Company Option Plan and any other plan, program or arrangement providing for the issuance or grant of any other interest in respect of Company Capital Stock shall be terminated by the Company as of the Effective Time.

2.12 Escrow Funding. At the Closing, Parent shall deposit ten percent (10%) of the Merger Consideration otherwise payable by Parent (such amount, together with any interest or other income earned on or from the amount deposited into escrow, the “Escrow Fund”) with The Bank of New York (“Escrow Agent”) out of the Per Share Merger Consideration otherwise payable to the Company Holders on a pro rata basis from each Company Holder based on the aggregate amount of Per Share Merger Consideration that each such Company Holder would otherwise be entitled to receive (prior to any Tax withholding by the Company) and shall be held and distributed in accordance with the Escrow Agreement.

2.13 Specified Transactional Expenses. The Company shall be responsible for and pay all Specified Transactional Expenses. Parent acknowledges and agrees that such payment of Specified Transactional Expenses, to the extent incurred at or prior to Closing by the Company, shall not be offset against or deducted from the Merger Consideration and shall not be subject to indemnification or reimbursement by the Former Stockholders or withdrawn from the Escrow Fund for any reason. From and after the Closing, Parent shall ensure that the Company pays the Specified Transactional Expenses to the extent not previously paid.

 

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2.14 Transfer Taxes. All transfer, documentary, registration and other such Taxes (including, without limitation, charges for or in connection with the recording of any instrument or document as provided in this Agreement) payable in connection with the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be timely paid by Parent.

3. Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents and warrants to Parent that, except as disclosed in a disclosure schedule of even date herewith delivered by the Company to Parent and complying with the provisions of Section 10.3 (the “Company Disclosure Schedule”):

3.1 Organization, Standing and Power. The Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware. The Company has the corporate power to own its properties and to carry on its business as now being conducted (the “Current Company Business”). The Company is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing (if such concept is applicable in the relevant jurisdiction) in each jurisdiction where the operation of the Current Company Business by the Company requires such qualification, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing would not constitute a Company Material Adverse Effect. The Company has delivered, or made available for review in a data room, to Parent or its advisors true, correct and complete copies of its amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws as in effect as of the date of this Agreement. The Company is not in violation of any of the provisions of its amended and restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws. The Company has no Subsidiaries and does not directly or indirectly own any equity or similar interest in, or any interest convertible or exchangeable or exercisable for, any equity or similar interest in, any corporation, partnership, joint venture or other business association or entity.

3.2 Authority.

(a) Authority and Stockholder Approval. The Company has all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to consummate the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and such actions have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action by the Company. The affirmative vote or consent of the holders of (i) at least sixty-seven percent (67%) of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class on an as-converted to Company Common Stock basis, and (ii) a majority of the shares of Company Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class on an as-converted to Company Common Stock basis, in each case outstanding on the record date chosen for purposes of determining the stockholders of the Company entitled to vote on the approval of this Agreement, is the only vote of the holders of any Company Capital Stock necessary under Delaware Law, the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation or otherwise to approve this Agreement and the Merger (the “Required Stockholder Vote”). Immediately following the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto, the Company shall have received executed written consents approving this Agreement and the Merger from Company Holders such that the Required Stockholder Vote shall have been obtained.

(b) Board Approval and Binding Effect. The Board of Directors of the Company has unanimously (a) adopted this Agreement and approved its execution and

 

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delivery and the consummation of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby and (b) determined that the Merger is in the best interests of the stockholders of the Company. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding obligation of Parent and Merger Sub, this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar laws affecting or relating to creditors’ rights generally and general principles of equity, regardless of whether asserted in a proceeding in equity or at law. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and other documents contemplated hereby to be executed by the Company does not constitute, and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby will not result in (i) a termination, cancellation or acceleration of any right or obligation of the Company, or breach or violation by the Company of, or a default by the Company under (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both), (a) any provision of the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the Company, as amended, (b) any Material Contract or (c) any judgment, order, decree, statute, law, ordinance, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or any of its properties or assets or (ii) the creation or imposition of any Lien upon or with respect to the Company or any of its properties or assets, except in the case of clauses (i)(b), (i)(c) and (ii) where such termination, cancellation, acceleration, breach, violation, default or imposition of a Lien would not constitute a Company Material Adverse Effect or Parent Material Adverse Effect. No material consent, approval, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration or filing with, any court, administrative agency or commission or other governmental authority or instrumentality (each, a “Governmental Authority”) is required to be obtained or made by the Company at or prior to the Effective Time in order for the Company to execute, deliver and perform this Agreement or to consummate the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby, except for: (a) the filing of the Certificate of Merger as provided in Section 2.2; (b) such consents, approvals, orders, authorizations, registrations, declarations and filings as may be required to be obtained or made by the Company under applicable state securities laws, each as set forth in Section 3.2 of the Company Disclosure Schedule; and (c) such filings as may be required under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended (“HSR”).

3.3 Governmental Authorizations. The Company has obtained each material federal, state, county, local or foreign Governmental Authority consent, license, permit, grant or other authorization that is required, as of the date hereof, for the operation by the Company of the Current Company Business, and all of such consents, licenses, permits, grants and authorizations are in full force and effect.

3.4 Financial Statements. The Company has delivered to Parent or its advisors (i) the audited consolidated balance sheet, statement of operations, statement of changes in shareholders’ equity and statement of cash flows of the Company as of and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2006, and (ii)(A) the unaudited consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2007 (the “Company Balance Sheet”) and (B) the unaudited consolidated statement of operations, statement of changes in shareholders’ equity and statement of cash flows of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 (collectively, the “Company Financial Statements”). The Company Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP (except as disclosed in the notes thereto and except that

 

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the unaudited Company Financial Statements do not contain footnotes and are subject to normal year-end audit adjustments) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered. The Company Financial Statements fairly present, in accordance with GAAP, the financial condition of the Company as of the dates indicated therein and the operating results of the Company for the periods indicated therein, subject to normal year-end audit adjustments and the absence of footnotes in the case of the unaudited Company Financial Statements. To the Company’s knowledge, no director, officer, employee, auditor or representative of the Company has received any complaint, allegation or claim, whether written or oral, regarding the accounting and auditing practices, procedures or methodologies of the Company or the Company’s internal accounting controls, nor has the Company otherwise obtained knowledge of any such complaint, allegation or claim.

3.5 Capitalization; Shares and Stockholder Information.

(a) Capitalization. The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of 30,575,746 shares of Company Capital Stock, of which 21,500,000 shares are designated Company Common Stock, and 9,075,746 shares are designated Series A Preferred Stock. As of the date of this Agreement, there were issued and outstanding 8,461,067 shares of Company Common Stock and 9,075,746 shares of Series A Preferred Stock. All outstanding shares of Company Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock (i) are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, (ii) are free of any liens or encumbrances created by the Company, and, to the knowledge of the Company, free of any Liens created by or imposed upon the holders thereof, and (iii) were not issued in violation of any securities laws or any preemptive rights or rights of first refusal created by statute, the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the Company or any agreement to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound. As of the date of this Agreement, there were 1,521,533 shares of Company Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Company Option Plan, of which 1,288,905 shares of Company Common Stock were subject to outstanding Company Options and 232,628 shares of Company Common Stock were reserved for future option grants. The Company has delivered to Parent or its advisors (or made available in a data room for review by Parent or its advisors) true and complete copies of the Company’s standard form(s) of stock option agreement evidencing Company Options, as well as any stock option agreement evidencing Company Options that deviates in any material respect from the Company’s standard form, and the Company Option Plan. Except for the rights created pursuant to this Agreement and the Company Options and other rights disclosed in the preceding sentences, there are no outstanding or authorized shares of capital stock of the Company and there are no securities, options, warrants, calls or other rights, commitments or agreements that are outstanding to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound, obligating Company to issue, deliver, sell, exchange, repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire, or cause to be issued, delivered, sold, exchanged, repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired, any shares of Company Capital Stock or obligating Company to grant, or enter into any option, warrant, call, right, commitment or agreement regarding shares of Company Capital Stock. There are no other contracts, commitments or agreements relating to the voting, purchase or sale of the Company’s capital stock (a) between or among the Company and any of its stockholders; and (b) to the Company’s knowledge, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders. With respect to the Company Options, (i) each Company Option was duly authorized no later than the date on which the grant of such Company Option was by its terms to

 

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be effective (the “Grant Date”) by all necessary corporate action, including, as applicable, approval by the board of directors of the Company, or a committee thereof, or a duly authorized delegate thereof, and any required approval by the stockholders of the Company by the necessary number of votes or written consents, and the award agreement governing such grant, if any, was duly executed and delivered by each party thereto within a reasonable time following the Grant Date, (ii) each such grant was made in accordance with the material terms of the Company Option Plan and all other applicable Law, (iii) the per share exercise price of each Company Option was not less than the fair market value of a share of Company Common Stock (based on a good faith determination of the Board of Directors and in a manner consistent with Section 409A of the Code) on the applicable Grant Date with respect to any Company Options subject to Section 409A of the Code, and (iv) each such grant was properly accounted for in all material respects in accordance with GAAP in the Company Financial Statements (including the related notes thereto).

(b) Shares and Stockholder Information. Section 3.5(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth as of the date hereof: (i) the number of shares of Company Capital Stock that each current stockholder of the Company holds of record and, to the knowledge of the Company, the address, state of residence, if applicable, and federal tax identification number (or social security number, as applicable) of such stockholder; and (ii) the names of the holders of all outstanding Company Options, with the number of Company Options held by each such holder, the number of shares of Company Capital Stock subject to each such Company Option, the exercise price per share and the expiration date of each such Company Option.

3.6 Absence of Certain Changes.

(a) Since December 31, 2006, the Company has conducted its business in the ordinary course consistent with past practice and there has not occurred (a) any acquisition, sale, assignment, transfer or other disposition of any material asset of the Company or imposition of any Lien (other than Permitted Encumbrances) on any material asset or property of the Company, (b) any amendment to the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the Company, (c) any material damage, destruction or loss, whether covered by insurance or not, (d) any declaration, setting aside or payment of any dividend or other distribution with respect to any shares of capital stock of the Company or any repurchase, redemption or other acquisition by the Company of any outstanding shares of capital stock or other securities of the Company or any other entity, (e) any amendment of any term of any outstanding security of the Company, (f) any incurrence, assumption or guarantee by the Company of any indebtedness for borrowed money, (g) any making of any loan, advance or capital contributions to or investment in any Person by the Company, (h) any material change in any method of accounting or accounting practice by the Company (except for any such change required by reason of a concurrent change in GAAP), (i) any acquisition (by merger, consolidation or acquisition of stock or assets) of any corporation, partnership or other business organization or division thereof or equity interest therein or assets therefrom, other than the acquisition of inventory, materials or supplies in the ordinary course of business, (j) any (1) employment, deferred compensation, severance, change in control, retirement or other similar agreement entered into with any director, officer or employee of the Company (or any amendment to any such existing agreement), (2) grant of any severance,

 

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change in control or termination pay to any director, officer or employee of the Company or (3) change in compensation (other than ordinary course increases in compensation for non-officer employees) or other benefits payable to any director, officer or employee of the Company (other than pursuant to existing individual employment or service contracts, collective bargaining agreements or by operation of law), (k) any adoption of or change (other than a change required by law) in any Company Employee Plan or any compensation or labor policy or (l) any agreement, whether or not in writing, to do any of the foregoing by the Company.

(b) Since December 31, 2006, there has not occurred any event or, collectively, any series of events that constitutes a Company Material Adverse Effect.

3.7 Absence of Undisclosed Liabilities. The Company has no material obligations or liabilities of any nature (matured or unmatured, fixed or contingent) other than: (a) those set forth or adequately provided for in the Company Balance Sheet; (b) those described in the Company Disclosure Schedule; (c) those not required to be reflected in the liabilities column of a balance sheet prepared in accordance with GAAP; and (d) those incurred in the ordinary course of business since December 31, 2007 (the “Company Balance Sheet Date”) that are not material, individually or in the aggregate.

3.8 Litigation.

(a) There is no private or governmental action, suit, proceeding, arbitration or, to the knowledge of the Company, investigation, pending before any Governmental Authority (or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened) (i) against the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, against any of its respective officers or directors (in their capacities as such) which could reasonably be expected to subject the Company to material liability or which in any manner challenges or seeks to prevent, enjoin, alter or materially delay the transactions contemplated hereby.

(b) There is no proceeding pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened that (i) challenges any material right, title or interest of the Company in, to or under the Company IP Rights, or (ii) alleges any infringement, contributory infringement, inducement to infringe, misappropriation or unlawful use by the Company of IP Rights of any other person.

(c) There is no judgment, decree or order against the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, against any of its respective directors or officers (in their capacities as such), that specifically names the Company or such directors or officers and (i) restricts in any material manner the use, transfer or licensing by the Company of any material right or interest of the Company in any Company IP Right; or (ii) would constitute a Company Material Adverse Effect.

3.9 Restrictions on Business Activities. There is no agreement, judgment, injunction, order or decree binding upon Company that has, or would reasonably be expected to have, the effect of prohibiting or materially impairing (i) the conduct of the Current Company Business by the Company, or (ii) the ability of the Company to transact business in any material market, field or geographical area or with any person.

 

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3.10 Intellectual Property.

(a) For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall be defined as follows:

(i) “IP Rights” means any and all of the following in any country: (A) Copyrights, Patent Rights, Trademark Rights, domain name registrations, moral rights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property rights; and (B) the right (whether at law, in equity, by contract or otherwise) to use or otherwise exploit any of the foregoing.

(ii) “Copyrights” means all copyrights and copyrightable works, including all rights of authorship, use, publication, reproduction, distribution, performance, transformation, moral rights and rights of ownership of copyrightable works and all rights to register and obtain renewals and extensions of registrations, together with all other interests accruing by reason of international copyright.

(iii) “Material Company IP Rights” means all Company IP Rights (other than those which, individually or in the aggregate, are not material to the conduct of the Current Company Business), including, without limitation, those set forth on Section 3.10(a)(iii) of the Company Disclosure Schedule.

(iv) “Patent Rights” means all issued patents and pending patent applications (which for purposes of this Agreement shall include utility models, design patents, certificates of invention and applications for certificates of invention and priority rights) in any country, including all provisional applications, substitutions, continuations, continuations-in-part, divisions, renewals, reissues, re-examinations and extensions thereof.

(v) “Company IP Rights” means all IP Rights owned solely or co-owned by the Company, or in which the Company has any right, title or interest.

(vi) “Trademark Rights” means all trademarks, registered trademarks, applications for registration of trademarks, service marks, registered service marks, applications for registration of service marks, trade names, registered trade names and applications for registration of trade names.

(b) Part 1 of Section 3.10(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule lists all of the Patent Rights, registered Copyrights and registered and material unregistered Trademark Rights (or Copyrights and Trademark Rights for which applications for registration have been filed) owned solely by the Company as of the date hereof, setting forth in each case the jurisdictions in which patents have been issued, patent applications have been filed, copyrights or trademarks have been registered and copyright or trademark applications have been filed. Part 2 of Section 3.10(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule lists, as of the date hereof, all of the Patent Rights, registered Copyrights and registered and material unregistered Trademark Rights (or Copyrights and Trademark Rights for which applications for registration have been filed) in which the Company has any co-ownership interest, other than those owned solely by the Company, setting forth in each case the jurisdictions in which patents have been issued, patent applications have been filed, copyrights or trademarks have been registered and

 

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copyright or trademark applications have been filed. Part 3 of Section 3.10(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule lists, to the knowledge of the Company as of the date hereof, all of the Patent Rights, registered Copyrights and registered and material unregistered Trademark Rights (or Copyrights and Trademark Rights for which applications for registration have been filed) in which the Company has any right, title or interest, other than those owned solely or co-owned by the Company.

(c) Section 3.10(c) of the Company Disclosure Schedule lists all oral and written contracts, agreements, licenses and other arrangements in effect as of the date of this Agreement under which any third party has licensed, granted or conveyed to the Company any right, title or interest in or to any Company IP Rights (other than commercial off the shelf software which is made available for a total cost of less than $10,000 per program).

(d) Section 3.10(d) of the Company Disclosure Schedule lists all oral and written contracts, agreements, licenses or other arrangements in effect as of the date of this Agreement under which the Company has licensed, granted or conveyed to any third party any right, title or interest in or to any Company IP Rights.

(e) Except as set forth in Section 3.10(e) of the Company Disclosure Schedule and other than commercial off the shelf software which is made available for a total cost of less than $10,000 per program, the Company has the right to use all of the Company IP Rights used in the operation of the Current Company Business, free and clear of all Liens. To the Company’s knowledge, no party is challenging the right, title or interest of the Company in, to or under the Company IP Rights, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, is there any material basis for any such challenge. No Company Patent Rights have been or are now involved in any interference, reissue, re-examination or opposition proceeding.

(f) All Patent Rights owned or co-owned by the Company, and all Patent Rights owned or co-owned by HGS and exclusively or co-exclusively licensed to the Company pursuant to the HGS License, have been duly filed or registered (as applicable) with the Governmental Authority(ies) listed on, and have been maintained as described in, Section 3.10(f) of the Company Disclosure Schedule. To the knowledge of the Company, all issued patents within the Company IP Rights owned or co-owned by the Company, and all issued patents within the Patent Rights owned or co-owned by HGS and exclusively or co-exclusively licensed to the Company pursuant to the HGS License, are valid and enforceable. To the knowledge of the Company, all pending patent applications within the Company IP Rights owned or co-owned by the Company, and all pending patent applications within the Patent Rights owned or co-owned by HGS and exclusively or co-exclusively licensed to the Company pursuant to the HGS License, once issued will not be unenforceable for inequitable conduct based on facts or circumstances occurring before the date hereof.

(g) The Company has taken all reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all know-how trade secrets owned by the Company or used or held for use by the Company in the conduct of the Current Company Business, and the Company’s current policies and procedures to protect and maintain the confidentiality of the proprietary know-how and trade secrets included in the Company IP Rights are listed on Section 3.10(g) of the Company Disclosure Schedule. All current and former officers and employees of,

 

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and consultants and independent contractors to, the Company who have contributed in a material manner to the creation or development of any Material Company IP Right have executed and delivered to the Company an agreement (containing no exceptions or exclusions from the scope of its coverage) regarding the protection of proprietary information and the assignment or license to the Company of any IP Rights arising from services performed for the Company by such persons, substantially in the form previously provided to Parent as the Form of Proprietary Information, Inventions, Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreement. In each case where a Company Patent Right is held by the Company by assignment (other than any provisional patent application which application the inventors thereof are obligated by contract to assign to the Company), the assignment has been duly recorded with the applicable Governmental Authority(ies). To the knowledge of the Company, no current or former officers and employees of, or consultants or independent contractors to, the Company have breached any material term of any such agreements.

(h) Except as set forth in the named agreements listed on Section 3.10(h) of the Company Disclosure Schedule: (i) the Company does not have any contractual obligation to compensate any person for the use of any IP Rights; (ii) the Company has not entered into any agreement to indemnify any other person against any claim of infringement or misappropriation of any IP Rights; and (iii) there are no settlements, covenants not to sue, consents, judgments, or orders or similar obligations agreed to by the Company that: (A) restrict the Company’s rights to use any IP Rights, (B) restrict the conduct of the Current Company Business in order to accommodate a third party’s IP Rights or (C) permit third parties to use any Company IP Rights.

(i) To the knowledge of Company, the conduct of the Current Company Business does not infringe, constitute contributory infringement, inducement to infringe, misappropriation or unlawful use of any valid and enforceable IP Rights of any other person. There are no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened claims against the Company alleging that the conduct of the Current Company Business or any activity by the Company infringes or violates (or in the past infringed or violated) the rights of others in or to any IP Rights or constitutes a misappropriation of (or in the past constituted a misappropriation of) any subject matter of any IP Rights of any person or entity.

(j) To the knowledge of the Company, no Material Company IP Rights have been or are being infringed or misappropriated by any third party.

(k) Neither the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement by the Company nor the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will contravene, conflict with or result in any limitation on Company’s right, title or interest in or to any Company IP Rights.

3.11 Interested Party Transactions.

(a) Except as set forth on Section 3.11(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, the Company is not, and has not been since January 1, 2006, a party to any agreement or arrangement with any stockholder of the Company or with any of their Affiliates or the directors, officers or employees of such stockholders or Affiliates or of the Company under

 

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which it: (i) leases or leased any real or personal property (either to or from such Person); (ii) licenses or licensed technology (either to or from such Person); (iii) is or was obligated to purchase any tangible or intangible asset from or sell such asset to such Person; (iv) purchases or purchased products or services from such Person (other than services received under an employment agreement with such Person); (v) pays or receives, or paid or received, commissions, rebates or other payments (other than payments made under an employment agreement with such Person); (vi) lends or borrows or is otherwise owed, or loaned or borrowed or otherwise owes, money (except for amounts due as salaries and bonuses under employment contracts or employee benefit plans and amounts payable in reimbursement of ordinary expenses); or (vii) provides or receives, or provided or received, any other material benefit (other than benefits provided or received under an employment agreement with such Person).

(b) Except as set forth on Section 3.11(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, no stockholder of the Company nor any of their Affiliates owns or has any rights in or to any of the assets, properties or rights used by the Company in the ordinary course of its business.

3.12 Material Contracts.

(a) Section 3.12(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule lists all of the Material Contracts in effect as of the date of this Agreement. The Company has delivered to Parent, or made available to Parent or its advisors in a data room, complete and accurate copies of such Material Contracts and all amendments or modifications thereto that exist as of the date of this Agreement.

(b) With respect to each Material Contract listed in Section 3.12(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule other than the HGS License, the PDL License, the Aventis License and the CAT License: (i) such Material Contract is in full force and effect and constitutes a legal, valid and binding agreement of the Company and the other parties thereto, subject to the effect, if any, of (A) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights or remedies of creditors or (B) general principles of equity, regardless of whether asserted in a proceeding in equity or at law (including the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief); (ii) the Company is not, and to the Company’s knowledge, no party to such Material Contract is, in breach or default of such Material Contract; and (iii) no event has occurred that with notice or lapse of time would constitute a breach or default thereunder by the Company or would permit the modification or premature termination of such Material Contract by any other party thereto.

(c) “Material Contract” means any oral or written legally binding, contract, agreement or commitment to which the Company is a party (i) under which receipts or expenditures are reasonably expected to exceed $100,000 in the current or future calendar year, other than any Company Employee Plan that may be terminated in accordance with its terms on not more than 60 days notice without material liability to Parent or Company other than ordinary administration expenses typically incurred in a termination event; (ii) pursuant to which the Company has obtained or granted any material right, title or interest in, under or to any Material Company IP Rights; (iii) evidencing indebtedness for borrowed or loaned money of $100,000 or more, including guarantees of such indebtedness by the Company; (iv) creating or relating to any

 

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partnership or joint venture or any sharing of profits or losses by the Company with any third party; (v) with any Governmental Authority; (vi) that if terminated, would constitute a Company Material Adverse Effect; (vii) which provides for the acquisition of any other Person or the business or assets of any other Person or any other material assets, whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise, or any such acquisition agreement (whether or not executory) for which there is an obligation, contingent or otherwise, to make an earn-out or other similar payment; (viii) or group of related contracts, agreements or commitments to which the Company is a party requiring aggregate capital expenditures by the Company in excess of $100,000; (ix) which provides for a loan or advance to, or investment in, any Person or which relates to the making of any such loan, advance or investment; (x) and pursuant to which the Company has entered into a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or other similar arrangement; (xi) that is material to the conduct and operations of the Company’s business and its properties; (xii) to which any Company Holder or any of the officers, consultants, directors or employees of the Company is also a party; (xiii) contain covenants (A) to indemnify or hold harmless any Person or (B) not to (or otherwise restricting or limiting Company’s ability to) compete in any line of business or geographical area, including any covenant not to compete with respect to the manufacture, marketing, distribution or sale of any product or product line; (xiv) that are material customer or supplier agreements of the Company; (xv) that obligates Company to develop any product or technology; (xvi) that relates to any rights or obligations to undertake the development or commercialization of any pharmaceutical product; (xvii) Leases; (xviii) that requires payments by the Company in excess of $100,000 per annum containing any provision that would, as a result of a “change of control” of the Company or any similar provision, (A) give any other party to such Contract any right of termination, cancellation, acceleration or modification, (B) result in or give to any other party to such Contract any additional right or entitlement to any increased, additional, accelerated or guaranteed payment or performance under such Contract, (C) result in the creation or imposition of (or the obligation to create or impose) any Lien upon the Company or any of its material asset or properties or (D) result in the loss of any material benefit under such Contract; or (xix) that relates to any Company IP Rights (except for commercially available off-the-shelf software).

(d) Without limiting the foregoing, with respect to each of the HGS Agreements and the PDL License and except as set forth in Section 3.12(d) of the Company Disclosure Schedule:

(i) each such agreement is in full force and effect as of the date hereof and constitutes a legal, valid and binding agreement of the Company and HGS and PDL, as applicable, and is enforceable against the Company and HGS and PDL, as applicable, in accordance with its terms;

(ii) to the Company’s knowledge, no event has occurred that with notice or lapse of time would constitute a material breach or material default thereunder by the Company or any other party thereto, or would permit the modification or premature termination of the agreement by any party;

(iii) the Company has not received any written notice challenging the validity, enforceability or interpretation of the agreement, and the Company has not received any written notice or written correspondence pertaining to any such agreement that would constitute a Company Material Adverse Effect;

 

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(iv) neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, HGS or PDL, as applicable, has granted any material waiver under such agreement, and neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, HGS or PDL, as applicable, has released any other party, in whole or in part, from any of their respective material obligations under the agreement;

(v) the Company has not proposed, or received any proposal, to amend or waive any provision of any such agreement (other than to the extent effected by Amendment No. 1 to the HGS License, dated as of November 28, 2007);

(vi) the Company has not given any notice of termination pursuant to any such agreement, and the Company has not received any written notice of termination pursuant to any such agreement (other than with respect to the HGS Services Agreement to the extent effected by the HGS Services Termination Agreement);

(vii) the Company has not given any written notice of any sublicense of its rights pursuant to any such agreement;

(viii) the Company has not assigned nor consented to any assignment of, and, to the Company’s knowledge, no party has assigned, any of such agreements or any part thereof;

(ix) the Company has not notified any other party to any such agreement of any claims for indemnification pursuant to any such agreement, and has not received any written notice from any other party of any claims for indemnification pursuant to any such agreement;

(x) the Company has not received any written notice from, or given any notice to, any other party to such agreements regarding infringement of any issued patent that is the subject of a license to the Company pursuant to such agreement;

(xi) the Company has not exercised its option pursuant to Section 2.7 of the HGS License to terminate HGS’s right of first refusal under Section 2.1(b) of the HGS License and HGS’s option under Section 2.1(c) of the HGS License, and HGS has not exercised its right of first refusal or option pursuant to Section 2.1(b) or 2.1(c) of the HGS License;

(xii) the Company has not received any written notice from HGS regarding the co-development of certain products pursuant to Section 4.1 of the HGS License; and

(xiii) Section 3.12(d)(xiii) of the Company Disclosure Schedule lists all of the Initial Albumin Fusion Products, Designated Future Albumin Fusion Products, Initial Gene Products and Designated Future Gene Products (each such term as defined in the HGS License) as of the date of this Agreement.

 

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(e) With respect to that certain Amended and Restated License Agreement by and among Principia Pharmaceutical Corporation (“Principia”), Aventis Behring L.L.C. (“Aventis L.L.C.”), Aventis Behring GmbH (“GmbH”), Aventis Bio-Services Inc. (“ABS”) and Delta Biotechnology Limited (“Delta”), dated as of September 8, 2000, as amended (the “Aventis License”), to the Company’s knowledge: (A) the Aventis License is in full force and effect as of the date hereof and constitutes a legal, valid and binding agreement of HGS and the other parties thereto, and is enforceable in accordance with its terms; (B) (1) no party to the Aventis License is in breach or default of the Aventis License, and (2) no event has occurred that with notice or lapse of time would constitute a breach or default thereunder by any party to the Aventis License, or would permit the modification or premature termination of the Aventis License by any other party thereto; and (C) L.L.C., GmbH, ABS and Delta have assigned the Aventis License to Novozymes Delta Ltd., and Principia has assigned the Aventis License to HGS, and such assignments have not impaired any of the Company’s rights under the Aventis License via the HGS License.

(f) With respect to that certain Antibody License Agreement by and between HGS and Cambridge Antibody Technology Ltd., dated as of February 29, 2000, (the “CAT License”), to the Company’s knowledge: (A) the CAT License is in full force and effect as of the date hereof and constitutes a legal, valid and binding agreement of HGS and CAT, and is enforceable in accordance with its terms; and (B) (1) neither HGS nor CAT is in breach or default of the CAT License, and (2) no event has occurred that with notice or lapse of time would constitute a breach or default thereunder by HGS or CAT, or would permit the modification or premature termination of the CAT License by any other party thereto.

3.13 Suppliers. No material current supplier of the Company has canceled or otherwise terminated, or made any written threat to Company to cancel or otherwise terminate, its relationship with the Company or has at any time on or after December 31, 2006, decreased materially its services or supplies to the Company, and the Company has no reason to believe that any of its material current suppliers intends to cancel or otherwise terminate its relationship with the Company or to decrease materially its services or supplies to the Company.

3.14 Employees and Consultants. The Company has made available to Parent a list, as of the date of this Agreement, containing (a) the names of all current employees (including part-time employees and temporary employees), current leased employees, current independent contractors and current consultants of the Company and (b) their current respective base salaries or wages, target incentive compensation, dates of employment, and title.

3.15 Title to Property. The Company has good and valid title to all of its owned tangible properties and assets reflected in the Company Balance Sheet or acquired after the Company Balance Sheet Date (except properties sold or otherwise disposed of since the Company Balance Sheet Date in the ordinary course of business), and such other tangible assets and properties necessary for the operation of the Current Company Business, free and clear of all Liens, except for the following (collectively, “Permitted Encumbrances”): (i) liens for current taxes not yet due and payable or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate

 

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proceedings; (ii) liens that do not secure payment of indebtedness for borrowed money and that do not materially impair the ownership or use of the assets to which they relate; (iii) statutory or common law liens to secure obligations to landlords, lessors or renters under leases or rental agreements; (iv) deposits or pledges in connection with, or to secure payment of, workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance or similar programs mandated by applicable law; and (v) statutory or common law liens made in the ordinary course of business in favor of carriers, warehousemen, mechanics and materialmen, to secure claims for labor, materials or supplies, and other like liens. All of the tangible assets of the Company used in the Current Company Business are in all material respects in reasonably serviceable operating condition and repair and are adequate for the conduct of the Current Company Business in the same manner as it has heretofore been conducted.

3.16 Real Estate.

(a) Section 3.16 of the Company Disclosure Schedule contains a complete list of all leases, subleases and other licenses or occupancy agreements, together with any amendments thereto, associated with any real property used or occupied in connection with the Current Company Business or under which the Company is a lessor, lessee, sublessor or sublessee or otherwise is granted or grants occupancy rights (each a “Lease” and collectively, “Leases”). All Leases are in full force and effect and are binding and enforceable in accordance with their respective terms against the Company and to the Company’s knowledge, against the lessors, lessees, sublessors and sublessees thereof, except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar laws affecting or relating to creditors’ rights generally and general principles of equity, regardless of whether asserted in a proceeding in equity or at law. True, complete and correct copies of all such Leases, as amended or modified through the date hereof, have been delivered to Parent or its advisors (or have been made available in a data room for review by Parent or its advisors). Except as set forth in Section 3.16 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, the Company (i) has not assigned its interest under any Lease or subleased or granted any occupancy rights for all or any portion of any space demised thereby, to any third party and (ii) has not exercised any option under any Lease. The Company does not own any real property.

(b) With respect to the Leases, the Company is not in material default under the terms of the Leases and no material amount currently due under any Lease remains unpaid, no material controversy, claim, dispute or disagreement exists between the parties to the Leases and no event has occurred which with the passage of time or giving of notice, or both, would constitute a material default thereunder; and, to the knowledge of the Company, each lessor, lessee, sublessor and sublessee is not in material default under any of the terms of any Lease.

3.17 Environmental Matters.

(a) The following terms shall be defined as follows:

(i) “Environmental Laws” shall mean any applicable, federal, state or local governmental laws (including common laws), statutes, ordinances, codes, regulations, rules, permits, licenses, certificates, approvals, judgments, decrees, orders,

 

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directives, or requirements that involve the protection of the environment and natural resources, protection of public health and safety, exposure to Hazardous Materials or protection of worker health and safety, or that regulate the handling, use, manufacturing, processing, storage, treatment, transportation, discharge, release, emission, disposal, re-use, or recycling of Hazardous Materials , including but not limited to the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, 42 U.S.C. Section 9601, et seq., as amended (“CERCLA”), and the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 42 U.S.C. Section 6901, et seq., as amended (“RCRA”).

(ii) “Hazardous Materials” shall mean any material, chemical, compound, substance, mixture or by-product that is identified, defined, designated, listed, restricted or otherwise regulated under, or subject to, Environmental Laws as a “hazardous constituent,” “hazardous substance,” “hazardous material,” “acutely hazardous material,” “extremely hazardous material,” “hazardous waste,” “hazardous waste constituent,” “acutely hazardous waste,” “extremely hazardous waste,” “infectious waste,” “medical waste,” “biomedical waste,” “pollutant,” “toxic pollutant,” “radioactive” or “contaminant.” The term “Hazardous Materials” shall include any “hazardous substances” as defined, listed, designated or regulated under CERCLA, any “hazardous wastes” or “solid wastes” as defined, listed, designated or regulated under RCRA, any asbestos or asbestos containing materials any polychlorinated biphenyls, and any petroleum or hydrocarbonic substance, fraction, distillate or by-product.

(b) The Company is and has been in material compliance with all Environmental Laws relating to the operations of the Company and the portions of those certain properties or facilities used, leased or occupied by the Company (collectively, “Company’s Facilities”). The Company has not and, to the Company’s knowledge, no third party has discharged, emitted, released, leaked or spilled Hazardous Materials at any of the Company’s Facilities or that may involve Company’s Hazardous Materials that are reasonably likely to give rise to liability of the Company under Environmental Laws. As of the date hereof, no civil, criminal or administrative action, proceeding or third-party action or, to the Company’s knowledge, investigation is pending against the Company, or, to the Company’s knowledge, is being threatened against the Company, with respect to Hazardous Materials or Environmental Laws. To the Company’s knowledge, none of the Company’s Facilities (1) contains or includes any asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, or any underground storage tanks, piping, or sumps (or other underground structures which contain Hazardous Materials) or (2) is included or proposed for inclusion on the National Priorities List or any similar list maintained under any Environmental Law. The Company has provided Parent copies of all environmental studies, investigations, reports or assessments concerning Company or the property within its possession or control.

3.18 Taxes. Except as set forth in Section 3.18 of the Company Disclosure Schedule:

(a) The Company has filed all income Tax Returns and all other material Tax Returns that it was required to file (taking into account all applicable extensions to file any such Tax Return), and paid all Taxes shown on such filed Tax Returns as owing (except to the extent such amounts are being contested in good faith by the Company or are properly

 

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reserved for on the books or records of the Company). All income Taxes and all other material Taxes payable on or before the date hereof by or on behalf of the Company have been fully and timely paid. Any unpaid Taxes of the Company as of the Company Balance Sheet Date did not exceed the reserve for Tax liability set forth on the Company Balance Sheet. Since the Company Balance Sheet Date, the Company has not incurred any liability for Taxes outside of the ordinary course of business or otherwise inconsistent with past custom or practice. The Company has complied with all applicable requirements relating to the payment and withholding of Taxes and have duly and timely withheld and paid over to the appropriate Governmental Authority all amounts required to be so withheld and paid. The Company has delivered or made available to Parent or to Parent’s representative complete and correct copies of all US federal income Tax Returns of the Company filed since the Company’s incorporation.

(b) The Company has not received from any Governmental Authority any written notice regarding any contemplated or pending audit, examination or other administrative or court proceeding involving Taxes imposed thereon.

(c) No extension of time with respect to any date on which a Tax Return was required to be filed by the Company that extends such date beyond the date hereof is in force, and no waiver or agreement by the Company is in force for the extension of time for the payment, collection or assessment of any Taxes beyond the date hereof (other than in connection with extensions of time for filing Tax Returns).

(d) The Company has not received from any Governmental Authority in a jurisdiction where the Company has not filed any Tax Return any written claim that Company is subject to taxation by that jurisdiction. The Company has not been notified in writing by any Governmental Authority regarding any proposed, asserted or assessed deficiency for any Tax imposed on the Company which was not settled or paid.

(e) There are no liens for Taxes on any material asset of the Company other than liens for Taxes not yet due and payable.

(f) The Company is not a party to any Tax allocation or Tax sharing agreement with any third party. For the purposes of this Section 3.18(f), the following agreements and contracts shall be disregarded: (i) commercially reasonable agreements providing for the allocation or payment of real property Taxes attributable to real property leased or occupied by the Company and (ii) commercially reasonable agreements for the allocation or payment of personal property Taxes, sales or use Taxes or value added Taxes with respect to personal property leased, used, owned or sold in the ordinary course of business.

(g) The Company has never been a member of any consolidated, combined, affiliated or unitary group of corporations for any Tax purposes.

(h) The Company has not constituted either a “distributing corporation” or a “controlled corporation” (within the meaning of Section 355(a)(1)(A) of the Code) in a distribution of stock qualifying for tax-free treatment under Section 355 of the Code (i) in the two years prior to the date of this Agreement or (ii) in a distribution which could otherwise constitute part of a “plan” or “series of related transactions” (within the meaning of Section 355(e) of the Code) in conjunction with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

 

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(i) The Company has not participated in a “reportable transaction” within the meaning of Section 1.6011-4(b)(1) of the United States Treasury Regulations.

3.19 Employee Benefit Plans.

(a) Section 3.19 of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth, as of the date of this Agreement, a complete and accurate list of (i) each material plan, program, policy, practice, contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for employment, compensation, retirement, deferred compensation, loans, severance, separation, relocation, repatriation, expatriation, visas, work permits, termination pay, performance awards, bonus, incentive, stock option, stock purchase, stock bonus, phantom stock, stock appreciation right, supplemental retirement, fringe benefits, cafeteria benefits or other benefits, whether written or unwritten, including each “employee benefit plan” within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), currently sponsored, maintained, contributed to, or required to be contributed to by the Company or for which the Company may have any material liability, and (ii) each “employee benefit plan” sponsored, maintained, contributed to, or required to be contributed to, by any trade or business (whether or not incorporated) that is or at any relevant time was treated as a single employer with the Company within the meaning of Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code (an “ERISA Affiliate”) to which the Company could have any liability, contingent or otherwise (collectively, the “Company Employee Plans”). The Company does not have any Company Employee Plan that is currently in effect and that has been adopted or maintained by the Company, whether formally or informally, for the benefit of employees outside the United States.

(b) Documents. The Company has delivered to Parent or its advisors (or made available in a data room for review by Parent or its advisors) true and complete copies of each of the Company Employee Plans and related plan documents, including trust documents, group annuity contracts, plan amendments, insurance policies or contracts, participant agreements, employee booklets, administrative service agreements, summary plan descriptions, compliance and nondiscrimination tests for the last three plan years, standard COBRA forms and related notices, registration statements and prospectuses and, to the extent still in its possession, any material employee communications relating thereto. With respect to each Company Employee Plan that is subject to ERISA reporting requirements, the Company has made available in a data room for review by Parent or its advisors copies of the Form 5500 reports filed for the last three (3) plan years. The Company has made available in a data room for review by Parent or its advisors the most recent Internal Revenue Service determination or opinion letter issued with respect to each such Company Employee Plan, and to the Company’s knowledge, nothing has occurred since the issuance of each such letter that would reasonably be expected to cause the loss of the tax-qualified status of any Company Employee Plan subject to Section 401(a) of the Code.

(c) Compliance. Each Company Employee Plan is being, and has been, administered substantially in accordance with its terms and in material compliance with the requirements prescribed by any and all statutes, rules and regulations (including ERISA and the

 

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Code). The Company and each ERISA Affiliate are not in material default under or material violation of, and have no knowledge of any material default or material violation by any other party to, any of the Company Employee Plans. Any Company Employee Plan intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code has either obtained from the Internal Revenue Service a favorable determination letter as to its qualified status under the Code, including all currently effective amendments to the Code, or has time remaining to apply under applicable Treasury Regulations or Internal Revenue Service pronouncements for a determination or opinion letter or to make any amendments necessary to obtain a favorable determination or opinion letter. None of the Company Employee Plans promises or provides retiree medical or other retiree welfare benefits to any person, except as may be required by COBRA or other applicable law or regulation. The Company has not engaged in, or participated in, any transaction which would be considered a non-exempt “prohibited transaction,” as such term is defined in Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, and to the Company’s knowledge, no other third-party fiduciary and/or party-in-interest has engaged in any such “prohibited transaction” with respect to any Company Employee Plan. Neither the Company nor any ERISA Affiliate is subject to any liability or penalty under Sections 4976 through 4980 of the Code or Title I of ERISA with respect to any Company Employee Plan. All contributions required to have been made by the Company or any ERISA Affiliate to any Company Employee Plan as of the date of this Agreement have been paid or accrued. With respect to each Company Employee Plan, no “reportable event” within the meaning of Section 4043 of ERISA (excluding any such event for which the thirty (30) day notice requirement has been waived under the regulations to Section 4043 of ERISA) has occurred, nor has any event described in Section 4062, 4063 or 4041 or ERISA occurred. Each Company Employee Plan subject to ERISA has prepared in good faith and timely filed all requisite governmental reports, which were true and correct in all material respects as of the date filed, and has properly and timely filed and distributed or posted all notices and reports to employees required to be filed, distributed or posted with respect to each such Company Employee Plan. No suit, administrative proceeding or action has been brought, or to the knowledge of the Company is threatened in communication with the Company, against or with respect to any such Company Employee Plan, including any audit or inquiry by the Internal Revenue Service or the United States Department of Labor (other than routine claims for benefits arising under such plans). There has been no amendment to, or written interpretation or announcement by the Company or any ERISA Affiliate regarding any Company Employee Plan that would materially increase the expense of maintaining such Company Employee Plan above the level of expense incurred with respect to that Plan for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.

(d) No Title IV or Multiemployer Plan. Neither the Company nor any ERISA Affiliate has ever maintained, established, sponsored, participated in or contributed to, or is obligated to materially contribute to, or otherwise incurred any obligation or liability (including any contingent liability) under, any “multiemployer plan” (as defined in Section 3(37) of ERISA) or any “pension plan” (as defined in Section 3(2) of ERISA) subject to Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code. Neither the Company nor any ERISA Affiliate has, as of the date of this Agreement, any actual or potential withdrawal liability (including any contingent liability) for any complete or partial withdrawal (as defined in Sections 4203 and 4205 of ERISA) from any multiemployer plan.

 

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(e) COBRA, FMLA, HIPAA, Cancer Rights. With respect to each Company Employee Plan, the Company is in material compliance with, or has employed a third party administrator that, to the Company’s knowledge, is in material compliance with, (i) the applicable health care continuation and notice provisions of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (“COBRA”) and the regulations thereunder or any state law governing health care coverage extension or continuation; (ii) the applicable requirements of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 and the regulations thereunder; (iii) the applicable requirements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”); and (iv) the applicable requirements of the Cancer Rights Act of 1998. The Company has no material unsatisfied obligations to any employees, former employees or qualified beneficiaries pursuant to COBRA, HIPAA or any state law governing health care coverage extension or continuation.

(f) Effect of Transaction. Except as provided in Section 3.19(f) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, or except as expressly provided in this Agreement, the consummation of the Merger will not (i) entitle any current or former employee or other service provider of the Company or any ERISA Affiliate to severance benefits or any other payment (including golden parachute, bonus or benefits under any Company Employee Plan); or (ii) accelerate the time of payment or vesting of any such benefits or increase the amount of compensation due any such employee or service provider. No benefit payable or that may become payable by the Company pursuant to any Company Employee Plan in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or as a result of or arising under this Agreement will as of, or following, the Effective Time constitute an “excess parachute payment” (as defined in Section 280G(b)(1) of the Code) subject to the imposition of an excise Tax under Section 4999 of the Code or the deduction for which would be disallowed by reason of Section 280G of the Code. Each Company Employee Plan can be amended, terminated or otherwise discontinued after the Effective Time on not more than 60 days notice in accordance with its terms, without material liability to Parent or Company other than ordinary administration expenses typically incurred in a termination event.

3.20 Employee Matters. The Company is in material compliance with all currently applicable laws and regulations respecting terms and conditions of employment. There are no material proceedings pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened in a written communication with the Company, against the Company, on the one hand, by current or former employees. The Company is not a party to any collective bargaining agreement or other labor union contract, nor does Company know of any activities or proceedings of any labor union to organize the employees of the Company as of the date of this Agreement.

3.21 Insurance. Section 3.21 of the Company Disclosure Schedule contains a list of the principal policies of fire, liability and other forms of insurance or fidelity bonds currently held by the Company. As of the date of this Agreement, there is no material claim pending under any of the Company’s insurance policies or fidelity bonds as to which coverage has been questioned, denied or disputed by the underwriters of such policies or bonds. The Company is in compliance in all material respects with the terms of such policies and bonds. The Company has no knowledge as of the date of this Agreement of any threatened termination of, or material premium increase with respect to, any of such policies or bonds.

 

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3.22 Compliance With Laws. Other than with respect to laws referenced in the Sections 3.10 (Intellectual Property), 3.17 (Environmental Matters), 3.18 (Taxes), 3.19 (Employee Benefit Plans), 3.20 (Employment Matters) and 3.28 (Regulatory Compliance), which Sections shall govern the Company’s representations and warranties as to compliance with laws that are the subject matter of such Sections, the Company is, and at all times since January 1, 2006 has been, in compliance with, in all material respects and has not received any written or oral notices of any material pending violation by the Company of any foreign, federal, state, or local law or regulation.

3.23 Brokers’ and Finders’ Fee. Except for Credit Suisse, no broker, finder or investment banker is entitled to brokerage or finders’ fees or agents’ commissions or investment bankers’ fees or any similar charges from Company in connection with the Merger, this Agreement or any transaction contemplated hereby.

3.24 Certain Payments. Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent or employee of the Company, nor any other person acting for or on behalf of the Company, has directly or indirectly, on behalf of the Company made any contribution, gift, bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other payment to any Person, private or public, regardless of form, whether in money, property or services in violation of any federal, state, local or foreign statute, law, ordinance, rule or regulation.

3.25 Minute Books. The minute books of the Company have been made available in a data room for review by Parent or its advisors and contain a materially complete and accurate summary of all meetings of directors and stockholders or actions by written consent since the time of incorporation of the Company through the date of this Agreement.

3.26 Complete Copies of Materials. Each document that the Company has delivered to Parent (or made available in a data room for review by Parent) is a true and, except to the extent that such document is explicitly redacted, complete copy of each such document, and in each case where a representation and warranty of the Company in this Agreement requires the listing of documents and agreements, a true and, except to the extent that such document is explicitly redacted, complete copy of all such documents and agreements have been delivered to Parent (or made available in a data room for review by Parent).

3.27 Stockholder Approval Regarding Code Section 280G. As of the Closing, the Company has obtained the approval by such number of stockholders of the Company as is required by the terms of Section 280G(b)(5)(B) so as to render the parachute payment provisions of Section 280G of the Code inapplicable to any and all accelerated vesting payments, benefits, options and/or stock provided pursuant to agreements, contracts or arrangements in effect as of the Closing that might otherwise result, separately or in the aggregate, in the payment of any amount and/or the provision of any benefit that would not be deductible by reason of Section 280G of the Code, with such stockholder vote obtained in a manner which satisfies all applicable requirements of Section 280G(b)(5)(B) of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

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3.28 Regulatory Compliance.

(a) All biological, drug and other products that were and are being manufactured or developed by the Company (“Company Products”) that are subject or possibly subject to the jurisdiction of the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or other Governmental Authorities are being manufactured, labeled, stored and tested, in compliance in all material respects with all applicable rules and regulations of the FDA and all other requirements of applicable Governmental Authorities, including, without limitation, the Food and Drug and Cosmetic Act (“FDCA”) and the Public Health Service Act. The Company Products are not, and have never been, distributed or marketed. The Company has not received any notice from the FDA or any other Governmental Authority or third party questioning its manufacturing, labeling, storing, testing, distributing or marketing practices or threatening to revoke, suspend, cancel, withdraw, curtail, or seek damages related to any certification, license, or approval. None of the Company’s products have been the subject of any voluntary or involuntary recall, third party action or governmental investigation other than routine inspections of the Company’s facilities, and all U.S. and international regulatory approvals, licenses, and certifications are owned by and registered in the name of the Company and are in full force and effect.

(b) All human clinical trials conducted by or on behalf of the Company have been, and are being, conducted in material compliance with the applicable requirements of Good Clinical Practice, Informed Consent, and all applicable requirements relating to protection of human subjects contained in 21 CFR Parts 50, 54, and 56.

(c) All manufacturing operations conducted by, or, to the Company’s knowledge, for the benefit of, the Company with respect to Company Products being used in human clinical trials have been and are being conducted in accordance, in all material respects, with the FDA’s recommended current Good Manufacturing Practices continuum for drug and biological products. In addition, the Company is in material compliance with all applicable registration and listing requirements set forth in 21 U.S.C. Section 360 and 21 CFR Part 207 and all similar applicable laws and regulations.

(d) Neither the Company nor any representative of the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any of the Company’s agents or subcontractors, have been convicted of any crime or engaged in any conduct which could result in debarment or disqualification by the FDA or any or any other Governmental Authority reasonably might be expected to result in criminal liability or debarment or disqualification by the FDA or any other Governmental Authority.

(e) Neither the Company nor any representative of the Company, nor to the knowledge of Company, any of its licensees or assignees of Material Company IP Rights, has received any written notice that the FDA or any other Governmental Authority has initiated, or threatened to initiate, any action to suspend any clinical trial, suspend or terminate any Investigational New Drug Application sponsored by the Company or otherwise restrict the preclinical research on or clinical study of any Company Product or any biological or drug product being developed by the Company or any licensee or assignee of the Material Company IP Rights based on such intellectual property, or to recall, suspend or otherwise restrict the manufacture of any Company Product.

 

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(f) All animal studies or other preclinical tests performed or as the basis for any regulatory approval required for the Company Products either (x) have been conducted in accordance, in all material respects, with applicable Good Laboratory Practice requirements contained in 21 CFR Part 58 or (y) involved experimental research techniques that could not be performed by a registered GLP testing laboratory (with appropriate notice being given to the FDA) and have employed in all material respects the procedures and controls generally used by qualified experts in animal or preclinical study of products comparable to those being developed by the Company.

(g) The Company has made available to Parent copies of any and all notices of inspectional observations, establishment inspection reports and any other documents received from the FDA, that state or describe a lack of compliance with the regulatory requirements of the FDA. The Company has made available to Parent for review all correspondence to or from the FDA, minutes of meetings, written reports of phone conversations, visits or other contact with the FDA, notices of inspectional observations, establishment inspection reports, and all other documents concerning communications to or from the FDA, or prepared by or which bear in any material way on the Company’s compliance with regulatory requirements of the FDA, or on the likelihood or timing of approval of any Company Products.

(h) There are no proceedings pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened with respect to a violation or alleged violation by the Company of the FDCA, FDA regulations adopted thereunder, the Controlled Substance Act or any other legislation or regulation promulgated by any other United States Governmental Authority.

3.29 Clinical Material.

(a) The Company possesses or has access through a third party manufacturer on commercially reasonable terms to (i) sufficient quantities of all materials that Company believes are reasonably necessary to manufacture clinical trial materials in quantities sufficient to perform those certain Phase 1/2 clinical trials described in Section 3.29(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, and (ii) the capabilities to carry out all associated chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (“CMC”) activities for bulk drug substances.

(b) The Company has in its possession, or has access to, all material documentation of the CMC activities undertaken in the development of its products to date.

4. Representations and Warranties of Parent and Merger Sub. Parent and Merger Sub represent and warrant to the Company that:

4.1 Organization, Standing and Power. Each of Parent and Merger Sub is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing, if applicable, under the laws of the state in which it was incorporated. There is no pending or, to the knowledge of Parent, threatened, action for the dissolution, liquidation or insolvency of either Parent or Merger Sub.

4.2 Authority. Parent and Merger Sub have all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to consummate the Merger and the other transactions

 

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contemplated hereby. The execution and delivery by Parent and Merger Sub of this Agreement and the consummation by Parent and Merger Sub of the Merger have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of Parent and Merger Sub, and no other authorization or consent of Parent, Merger Sub or their respective stockholders is necessary. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Parent and Merger Sub, and, assuming this Agreement constitutes the valid and binding obligation of the Company, this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding obligation of each of Parent and Merger Sub, enforceable against each of Parent and Merger Sub in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar laws affecting or relating to creditors’ rights generally and general principles of equity, regardless of whether asserted in a proceeding in equity or at law.

4.3 Noncontravention. Neither the execution and delivery by Parent and Merger Sub of this Agreement, nor the consummation by Parent or Merger Sub of any of the transactions contemplated hereby, will:

(a) conflict with or violate any provision of the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of Parent or the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of Merger Sub;

(b) require on the part of Parent or Merger Sub any registration, declaration or filing with, or any permit, order, authorization, consent or approval of, any Governmental Authority, except for (i) compliance with the applicable requirements of HSR and applicable foreign antitrust or trade regulation laws, (ii) the filing of such reports and information with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder, as may be required in connection with this Agreement, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and (iii) any registration, declaration, filing, permit, order, authorization, consent or approval which if not made or obtained would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on Parent’s or Merger Sub’s ability to consummate the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated hereby (a “Parent Material Adverse Effect”);

(c) conflict with, result in a breach of, constitute (with or without due notice or lapse of time or both) a default under, result in the acceleration of obligations under, create in any party any right to terminate or modify, or require any notice, consent or waiver under, any contract or agreement to which Parent or Merger Sub is a party or by which Parent or Merger Sub is bound, except for (i) any conflict, breach, default, acceleration or right to terminate or modify that would not reasonably be expected to result in a Parent Material Adverse Effect or (ii) any notice, consent or waiver the failure of which to make or obtain would not reasonably be expected to result in a Parent Material Adverse Effect;

(d) violate any order, writ, injunction or decree applicable to Parent or Merger Sub or any of their respective properties or assets, except for any violation that would not reasonably be expected to have a Parent Material Adverse Effect;

(e) violate any statute, rule or regulation applicable to Parent or Merger Sub or any of their respective properties or assets, except for any violation that would not reasonably be expected to result in a Parent Material Adverse Effect; or

 

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(f) render Parent insolvent or unable to pay its debts as they become due.

4.4 Adequacy of Funds. Parent has adequate financial resources to satisfy its monetary and other obligations under this Agreement.

4.5 Foreign Tax Withholding. Assuming that each Company Holder is a U.S. Person (as defined in the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder), no withholding is required to be made from the Per Share Merger Consideration payable hereunder pursuant to Section 2.6 pursuant to any applicable Israeli laws.

5. Conduct Prior to the Effective Time.

5.1 Conduct of Business of the Company. During the period from the date of this Agreement until the Effective Time (the “Pre-Closing Period”), except (i) as set forth in Schedule 5.1, (ii) to the extent necessary to comply with the Company’s express obligations under this Agreement, (iii) as reasonably necessary to ensure that the Company complies with applicable laws and its obligations under contracts to which it is party as of the date of this Agreement and disclosed to Parent and contracts entered into during the Pre-Closing Period in compliance with this Section 5.1, (iv) to pay Specified Transaction Expenses, or (v) as consented to in writing by Parent (which consent shall not be withheld or delayed if withholding or delaying such consent would be unreasonable), (A) the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to (1) carry on its business in the ordinary course consistent with past practices, (2) preserve intact its present business organization, (3) preserve its relationships with customers, suppliers, distributors, licensors, licensees, and others to whom the Company has material contractual obligations and (4) keep available the services of its employees on the terms and conditions of employment to which they are subject as of the date of this Agreement, and (B) the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of Parent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed):

(a) Charter Documents. Amend its certificate of incorporation or bylaws;

(b) Intellectual Property Rights. Enter into or amend any agreements pursuant to which the Company (i) transfers or licenses to any person any Material Company IP Rights, or (ii) otherwise grants to any person rights in any Material Company IP Rights;

(c) Dispositions. Sell, assign, lease or license to any Person, or permit the imposition of any Lien (other than Permitted Encumbrances) on, any of its properties or assets that are material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Current Company Business;

(d) Indebtedness. Incur any indebtedness for borrowed money, or guarantee any such indebtedness, or issue or sell any debt securities or guarantee any debt securities of others, other than purchase money obligations in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice;

 

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(e) Agreements. Enter into any contract or agreement that would be a Material Contract if it had been in existence on the date hereof or prematurely terminate or amend any Material Contract;

(f) Insurance. Materially reduce the amount of any insurance coverage provided by existing insurance policies other than upon the expiration of any such policy;

(g) Waiver. Knowingly waive any right under any Material Contract;

(h) Acquisitions. Acquire or agree to acquire by merging with, or by purchasing a substantial portion of the stock or assets of, or by any other manner, any business or any corporation, partnership, association or other business organization or division thereof or otherwise acquire or agree to acquire any assets that are material individually or in the aggregate, to the Company’s business;

(i) Issuance of Stock. Issue or sell any shares of its capital stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of its capital stock, or warrants or options to acquire, any such shares other than pursuant to the exercise of Company Options outstanding on the date of this Agreement;

(j) Benefits and Compensation. (i) Except in the ordinary course of business or as required under the terms of any Company Employee Plan, in each case as in effect on the date hereof, grant or announce any incentive awards or any increase in the salaries, bonuses or other compensation and benefits payable by the Company to any of the employees, officers, directors or other service providers of the Company, provided, however, that Company shall be permitted to increase the salaries of its employees in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, (ii) materially increase the benefits under any Company Employee Plan, (iii) enter into or amend any employment, change in control, severance, retention or similar contract with any officer, employee, consultant or other agent of the Company, or (iv) adopt, enter into, terminate or amend any Company Employee Plan or other arrangement for the current or future benefit or welfare of any officer or employee of the Company;

(k) Trade Secrets. Disclose any of its material trade secrets other than in the ordinary course of business to Persons that have agreed in writing to keep such material trade secrets confidential;

(l) Capital Expenditures. Authorize any new capital expenditure or expenditures that individually exceed $50,000 or in the aggregate are in excess of $250,000;

(m) Restriction of Business. Enter into any non-competition agreement purporting to restrict the business activities of the Company or any other agreement or obligation which purports to limit the manner in which, or the localities in which, the business of the Company may be conducted;

(n) Settlement of Litigation. Settle, release or forgive any material claim or litigation or waive any right thereto;

 

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(o) Taxes. Make or change any material election in respect of Taxes, adopt or change any material accounting method in respect of Taxes, enter into any closing agreement with any taxing authority, settle any material claim or assessment in respect of Taxes, or consent to any extension or waiver of the limitation period applicable to any material claim or assessment in respect of Taxes, in each case if such election, change, settlement or consent would have the effect of materially increasing the Tax liability or materially decreasing any Tax asset of the Company for any period ending after the Closing Date;

(p) Distributions. Declare, set aside or pay any dividend or make any other distribution with respect to any Company Capital Stock, Company Options or other securities or repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any Company Capital Stock, Company Options or other securities of the Company or any other entity other than (i) setting aside dividends that automatically accrue on outstanding Series A Preferred Stock, and (ii) acquisitions of Common Stock by the Company pursuant to agreements existing on the date of this Agreement which permit the Company to repurchase such shares at cost (or the lesser of cost or fair market value) upon termination of services to the Company; or

(q) Other. Agree to take any of the actions described in Sections 5.1(a) through 5.1(p).

6. Additional Agreements.

6.1 Access to Information; Notification of Certain Matters.

(a) During the Pre-Closing Period, the Company shall (i) afford Parent and its personnel, accountants, counsel and other representatives access during normal business hours to (a) all of the Company’s books, contracts, commitments and records and (b) all other existing information concerning the business, properties and personnel of the Company as Parent may reasonably request and (ii) instruct its employees, counsel and financial advisors to cooperate with Parent in its investigation of the Company; provided, however, that in exercising access rights under this Section 6.1(a), Parent shall not be permitted to interfere unreasonably with the conduct of the business of the Company.

(b) Each party shall give prompt notice to the other parties of (a) the occurrence or nonoccurrence of any event that causes any representation or warranty made by such party contained in this Agreement to be untrue or inaccurate in any material respect and (b) any material failure by such party to comply with or satisfy any covenant, condition or agreement to be complied with or satisfied by it hereunder; provided, however, that the delivery of any notice pursuant to this Section 6.1(b) shall not limit or otherwise affect the remedies available to the parties hereunder and shall not affect any requirement to perform under this Agreement pursuant to its terms.

6.2 Public Disclosure. Except as may be required by law or by obligations pursuant to any listing agreement with Nasdaq or any applicable national securities exchange, during the Pre-Closing Period, (a) Parent and the Company shall consult with each other before issuing any press release or otherwise making any public statement or making any other public (or non-confidential) disclosure (whether or not in response to an inquiry) regarding the terms of

 

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this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) without limiting Parent’s obligations under that certain confidentiality agreement, dated February 6, 2007, between the Company and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited (the “Confidentiality Agreement”), neither Parent nor the Company shall issue any such press release or make any such public statement or disclosure without the prior approval of the Company or Parent, as the case may be (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed).

6.3 Regulatory Approval; Further Assurances.

(a) Parent and the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to satisfy or cause to be satisfied all of the conditions to closing set forth in Section 7 and to effectuate the Merger and make effective the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each party to this Agreement shall: (i) make any filings and give any notices required to be made or given by such party in connection with the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement; (ii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain any consent required to be obtained (pursuant to any applicable legal requirement, contract or otherwise, including to prevent defaults under or terminations of or accelerations of any obligations under any contracts) by such party in connection with the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to lift any restraint, injunction or other legal bar to the Merger. The Company shall promptly deliver to Parent a copy of each such filing made, each such notice given and each such consent obtained during the Pre-Closing Period.

(b) Each party shall use commercially reasonable efforts to file, as promptly as practicable after the date of this Agreement, all notices, reports and other documents required to be filed by such party with any Governmental Authority with respect to the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and to submit promptly any additional information requested by any such Governmental Authority. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, promptly after the date of this Agreement, Parent and the Company shall cause to be prepared and filed the notifications required under HSR in connection with the Merger. Parent shall be responsible for all filing fees in connection with such notification. Parent and the Company shall respond as promptly as practicable to (i) any inquiries or requests received from the Federal Trade Commission or the Department of Justice for additional information or documentation and (ii) any inquiries or requests received from any state attorney general or other Governmental Authority in connection with antitrust or related matters. Each of the Company (to the extent it has knowledge of such facts) and Parent shall (A) give the other party prompt notice of the commencement of any legal proceeding by or before any Governmental Authority with respect to the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement; (B) keep the other party informed as to the status of any such legal proceeding; and (C) promptly inform the other party of any material communication to or from the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice or any other Governmental Authority regarding the Merger. The Company and Parent will consult and cooperate with one another, and will consider in good faith the views of one another, in connection with any analysis, appearance, presentation, memorandum, brief, argument, opinion or proposal made or submitted by either of them in connection with any legal proceeding under or relating to HSR or any other foreign, federal or state antitrust, anticompetition or fair trade law. In addition, except as may be

 

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prohibited by any Governmental Authority or by any applicable law, in connection with any legal proceeding under or relating to HSR or any other foreign, federal or state antitrust, anticompetition or fair trade law or any other similar legal proceeding relating to the Merger to which either Company or Parent is a party, each of the Company and Parent will permit authorized representatives of the other party to be present at each meeting or conference relating to any such legal proceeding, as practicable, and to have access to and be consulted in connection with any document, opinion or proposal made or submitted to any Governmental Authority in connection with any such legal proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise expressly provided in this Section 6.3 or as otherwise prohibited by applicable law, Parent shall have the sole and exclusive right to propose, negotiate, offer to commit and effect any action as may be required to resolve any antitrust objections, suits or other actions, and its views shall prevail over those of the Company in the event of any disagreement regarding the matters contemplated by this Section 6.3; provided, however, that Parent shall not have the authority to bind the Company regarding actions that take effect prior to the Effective Time or that would, or would reasonably be expected to, materially delay Closing.

(c) Neither the Company nor Parent shall have any obligation under this Section 6.3 or otherwise to take, or commit to take, any of the following actions before or after the Closing: (i) dispose of or transfer, or cause any of its Subsidiaries to dispose of or transfer, any material assets; (ii) discontinue or cause any of its Subsidiaries to discontinue offering any product or service; (iii) license or otherwise make available, or cause any of its Subsidiaries to license or otherwise make available, to any person, any technology or other IP Rights; or (iv) hold separate or cause any of its Subsidiaries to hold separate any assets or operations.

6.4 Employees.

(a) The parties hereto intend that there shall be continuity of employment with respect to all employees of Company (the “Company Employees”), including any employees on leave of absence from the Company at the Effective Time. Each Company Employee who continues employment with Parent or the Surviving Corporation after the Effective Time (a “Continuing Employee”) shall be employed on an “at will” basis, and, except as may otherwise be provided in an employment offer letter or employment agreement between the such Company Employee and the Company, shall be provided, for a period ending on the first anniversary of the Closing, with (i) base compensation no less than the base compensation applicable to such Continuing Employee immediately prior to the Closing and (ii) incentive compensation (including equity-based compensation) and other employee benefits on a basis no less favorable to the incentive compensation and other employee benefits provided by Parent to its similarly situated employees.

(b) For all purposes under the employee benefit plans of Parent or its Affiliates providing benefits to any Continuing Employees after the Effective Time and for purposes of accrual of vacation and paid time off (the “Parent Plans”), each Continuing Employee will be credited with his or her years of service with the Company before the Effective Time (including predecessor or acquired entities or any other entities for which the Company has given credit for prior service), to the same extent as such Continuing Employee was entitled, before the Effective Time, to credit for such service under the corresponding Company

 

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Employee Plan, except for purposes of benefit accrual under defined benefit plans, for any purpose where service credit for the applicable period is not provided to participants generally, and to the extent such credit would result in a duplication of accrual of benefits. In addition, with respect to any Parent Plan providing medical, dental, pharmaceutical and/or vision benefits to any Continuing Employee, Parent shall, or shall cause to, give effect, in determining any deductible and maximum out-of-pocket limitations under any such Parent Plan for the plan year in which the Effective Time occurs, to amounts paid or incurred by such Continuing Employees during such year under comparable Company Employee Plans; and (3) Parent shall use its best efforts to cause any pre-existing conditions limitations and eligibility waiting periods under any Parent Employee Plan to be waived with respect to Continuing Employees and their eligible dependents to the extent any such limitations or periods were waived or were inapplicable under any similar or comparable Company Employee Plans.

(c) This Section 6.4 shall be binding upon and inure solely to the benefit of each of the parties to this Agreement, and nothing in this Section 6.4, expressed or implied, is intended to confer upon any other Person any rights or remedies of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Section 6.4. Without limiting the foregoing, no provision of this Section 6.4 will create any third party beneficiary rights in any current or former employee, director or consultant of the Company in respect of continued employment or service (or resumed employment or service) or any other matter. Nothing in this Section 6.4 is intended to amend any Company Employee Plan, or interfere with Parent’s or the Surviving Corporation’s right from and after the Effective Time to amend or terminate any Company Employee Plan or the employment or provision of services by any director, employee, independent contractor or consultant.

(d) If requested by Parent at least five business days prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall take (or cause to be taken) all actions, pursuant to resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company, reasonably necessary or appropriate to terminate, effective no later than the Effective Date, any Company Employee Plan that contains a cash or deferred arrangement intended to qualify under Section 401(k) of the Code (a “Company 401(k) Plan”). If the Company is required to terminate any Company 401(k) Plan, then the Company shall provide to Parent prior to the Closing Date written evidence of the adoption by the Board of Directors of the Company of resolutions authorizing the termination of such Company 401(k) Plan (the form and substance of which resolutions shall be subject to the prior review and approval of Parent, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed).

6.5 Tax Matters.

(a) Either the Company shall deliver to Parent at the Closing a statement conforming to the requirements of Section 1.897-2(h)(1)(i) of the United States Treasury Regulations or Parent shall withhold from the Per Share Merger Consideration and remit to the proper Governmental Authority such amounts as may be required pursuant to Section 1445 of the Code with respect to Company Holders who do not timely provide evidence reasonably satisfactory to Parent that withholding pursuant to Section 1445 of the Code is not required with respect to such Company Holder.

 

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(b) Parent, the Company, the Surviving Corporation and the Escrow Agent shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the Per Share Merger Consideration otherwise payable pursuant to this Agreement to any Company Holder, such amounts as Parent, the Company, the Surviving Corporation or the Escrow Agent is required to deduct and withhold with respect to the making of such payment under the Code or any provision of state, local, provincial or foreign tax law. To the extent that amounts are so withheld and remitted to the appropriate Governmental Authority, such withheld amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the holder of Company Capital Stock or Company Options in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made by Parent, the Company, the Surviving Corporation or the Escrow Agent.

6.6 Indemnification of Officers and Directors of the Company.

(a) From and after the Effective Time, Parent shall cause the Surviving Corporation to fulfill and honor in all respects the obligations of the Company pursuant to any indemnification provisions under the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the Company as in effect on the date of this Agreement (the persons entitled to be indemnified pursuant to such provisions, and all other current and former directors and officers of the Company being referred to collectively as the “Indemnified Parties”). Parent shall cause the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of Merger Sub and the Surviving Corporation to contain the provisions with respect to indemnification and exculpation from liability set forth in Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws on the date of this Agreement, which provisions shall not be amended, repealed or otherwise modified after the Effective Time in any manner that would adversely affect the rights thereunder of any Indemnified Party except as may be required by applicable law.

(b) Without limiting the provisions of Section 6.6(a), during the period from the Effective Time until the sixth anniversary of the Effective Time, Parent will indemnify and hold harmless each Indemnified Party against and from any costs or expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, losses, claims, damages, liabilities and amounts paid in settlement in connection with any claim, action, suit, proceeding or investigation, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, to the extent such claim, action, suit, proceeding or investigation arises out of or pertains to (i) any action or omission or alleged action or omission in such Indemnified Party’s capacity as a director, officer or employee of the Company (regardless of whether such action or omission, or alleged action or omission, occurred prior to, on or after the Closing Date) or (ii) any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; provided, however, that if, at any time prior to the sixth anniversary of the Effective Time, any Indemnified Party delivers to Parent a written notice asserting a claim for indemnification under this Section 6.6(b), then the claim asserted in such notice shall survive the sixth anniversary of the Effective Time until such time as such claim is fully and finally resolved; and further provided that no Indemnified Party shall be entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Section 6.6 with respect to any costs or expenses, judgments, fines, losses, claims, damages, liabilities and amounts paid in settlement resulting from any actions or omissions or alleged actions or omissions by such Indemnified Party for which it has been finally determined that such Indemnified Party is not entitled to such indemnification under applicable law. In the event of any such claim, action, suit, proceeding or investigation, (x) Parent will have

 

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the right to control the defense thereof after the Effective Time, (y) any counsel retained by the Indemnified Parties with respect to the defense thereof for any period after the Effective Time must be reasonably satisfactory to Parent, and (z) after the Effective Time, Parent will pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel, promptly after statements therefor are received (provided that in the event of a final non-appealable judicial determination that any Indemnified Party is not entitled to indemnification hereunder, any amounts advanced on his or her behalf shall be remitted to the Surviving Corporation); provided, however, that neither Parent nor the Surviving Corporation will be liable for any settlement effected without its, his or her express written consent. The Indemnified Parties as a group may retain only one law firm (in addition to local counsel) to represent them with respect to any single action unless counsel for any Indemnified Party determines in good faith that, under applicable standards of professional conduct, a conflict exists or is reasonably likely to arise on any material issue between the positions of any two or more Indemnified Parties. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 6.6(b) or elsewhere in this Agreement, Parent shall not settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment or otherwise seek termination with respect to any claim, action, suit, proceeding or investigation for which indemnification may be sought under this Section 6.6 without the consent of each Indemnified Party (which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed) unless such settlement, compromise, consent or termination includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Party from all liability arising out of such claim, action, suit, proceeding or investigation.

(c) Parent and the Surviving Corporation jointly and severally agree to pay all expenses, including attorneys’ fees, that may be incurred by the Indemnified Parties in enforcing the indemnity and other obligations provided for in this Section 6.6.

(d) This Section 6.6 shall survive the consummation of the Merger and the Effective Time, is intended to benefit and may be enforced by the Indemnified Parties and shall be binding on all successors and assigns of Parent and the Surviving Corporation.

6.7 No Solicitation by the Company.

(a) Without the prior written consent of Parent, the Company shall not, directly or indirectly, through any officer, director, employee, representative or agent of the Company, solicit or encourage (including by way of furnishing information) the initiation or submission of any inquiries, proposals or offers regarding, and shall not otherwise facilitate or negotiate, any acquisition, merger, sale of substantial assets, or sale of controlling interest in Company through a sale or issuance of Company Capital Stock or similar transactions involving Company (any of the foregoing inquiries or proposals being referred to herein as a “Company Acquisition Proposal”); provided, however, that nothing contained in this Agreement shall prevent the board of directors of the Company from referring any third party to this Section 6.7.

(b) The Company shall promptly notify Parent after receipt of any Company Acquisition Proposal or any request for nonpublic information relating to the Company in connection with a Company Acquisition Proposal or for access to the properties, books or records of the Company by any Person that informs the Company’s board of directors that it is considering making, or has made, a Company Acquisition Proposal. Such notice to Parent shall indicate in reasonable detail the identity of the offeror and the terms and conditions of such proposal, inquiry or contact.

 

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(c) The Company shall immediately cease and cause to be terminated any existing discussions or negotiations with any parties (other than Parent) conducted prior to or as of the date of this Agreement with respect to any Company Acquisition Proposal. The Company agrees not to release any such parties from any confidentiality agreement to which the Company is a party.

(d) The Company shall ensure that the officers, directors and employees of the Company and any investment banker or other advisor or representative retained by the Company are aware of the restrictions described in this Section, and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to ensure such Persons do not breach this Section 6.7.

7. Conditions to the Merger.

7.1 Conditions to Obligation of Each Party to Effect the Merger. The respective obligations of Parent and Merger Sub, on the one hand, and the Company, on the other hand, to effect the Merger and otherwise to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing of each of the following conditions (it being understood that any one or more of the following conditions may be waived by agreement of Parent and the Company):

(a) No Injunctions or Restraints; Illegality. No temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other order or decree issued by any U.S. federal or state court or agency of competent jurisdiction or any non-U.S. court of competent jurisdiction shall have been issued and remain in effect, nor shall there be any foreign, U.S. federal or state statute, rule or regulation or other law enacted or deemed applicable to the Merger, that makes the consummation of the Merger illegal.

(b) HSR Antitrust Laws. The waiting period applicable to the consummation of the Merger under HSR shall have expired or been terminated.

7.2 Additional Conditions to the Obligations of Parent and Merger Sub. The obligations of Parent and Merger Sub to effect the Merger and otherwise to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing of each of the following conditions (it being understood that any one or more of the following conditions may be waived by Parent):

(a) Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement and in any certificate delivered by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, shall be accurate in all respects as of the Closing (except to the extent any such representation or warranty speaks as of the date of this Agreement or any other specific date, in which case such representation or warranty shall have been accurate as of such date).

 

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(b) Required Stockholder Vote. The representations and warranties set forth in the second and third sentences of Section 3.2(a) with respect to the Required Stockholder Vote shall remain accurate as of the Closing Date.

(c) Performance of Covenants. The Company shall have complied with and performed in all material respects all covenants under this Agreement required to be complied with or performed by the Company at or prior to the Closing.

(d) Certificate of Officer. Parent and Merger Sub shall have received a certificate executed on behalf of the Company by an officer of the Company (the “Company Closing Certificate”) representing and warranting that the conditions set forth in Sections 7.2(a), 7.2(b) and Section 7.2(c) have been satisfied.

(e) No U.S. Governmental Litigation. There shall not be pending before any court or agency of competent jurisdiction any legal proceeding commenced by a U.S. federal or state Governmental Authority that: (i) challenges or seeks to restrain or prohibit the consummation of the Merger; or (ii) relates to the Merger and seeks to obtain from Parent or the Company any damages or other relief.

(f) No Foreign Governmental Litigation. There shall not be pending before any court or agency of competent jurisdiction any legal proceeding commenced by a Governmental Authority (other than a Governmental Authority that is a U.S. federal or state Governmental Authority) that: (i) challenges or seeks to restrain or prohibit the consummation of the Merger; or (ii) relates to the Merger and seeks to obtain from Parent or the Company any damages or other relief.

(g) Escrow Agreement. The Escrow Agent and the Stockholders’ Agent shall have entered into the Escrow Agreement.

(h) No Company Material Adverse Effect. Since the date of this Agreement, no Company Material Adverse Effect shall have occurred.

(i) Opinion. Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, counsel for the Company, shall have delivered to Parent an opinion (containing such specific factual exceptions as may be necessary to make any legal conclusion expressed in such opinion accurate and containing other customary qualifications and exceptions) as to the matters specified in Exhibit B.

(j) Employees Intending to Continue Employment. The Company shall deliver to Parent written notification from each of the employees listed on Schedule 7.2(j) stating their affirmative intent to continue employment with the Surviving Corporation following the Closing.

(k) Closing Cash Amount. The Company shall have cash and/or cash equivalents at least equal to the Closing Cash Amount.

 

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7.3 Additional Conditions to Obligations of the Company. The obligation of the Company to effect the Merger and to otherwise consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing of each of the following conditions (it being understood that any one or more of the following conditions may be waived by the Company):

(a) Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of Parent and Merger Sub in this Agreement and in any certificate delivered by Parent or Merger Sub pursuant to this Agreement shall be accurate in all respects as of the Closing (except to the extent any such representation or warranty speaks as of the date of this Agreement, in which case such representation or warranty shall have been accurate in all material respects as of such date).

(b) Performance of Covenants. Parent and Merger Sub shall have each complied with and performed in all material respects all of their respective covenants under this Agreement required to be complied with or performed by either of them at or prior to the Closing.

(c) Certificate of Officers. The Company shall have received a certificate executed on behalf of each of Parent and Merger Sub by an officer of Parent and Merger Sub, respectively, representing and warranting that the conditions set forth in Sections 7.3(a) and 7.3(b) have been satisfied.

(d) Escrow Agreement. Parent and the Escrow Agent shall have entered into the Escrow Agreement.

(e) No U.S. Governmental Litigation. There shall not be pending before any court or agency of competent jurisdiction any legal proceeding commenced by a U.S. federal or state Governmental Authority that: (i) challenges or seeks to restrain or prohibit the consummation of the Merger; or (ii) relates to the Merger and seeks to obtain from Company any damages or other relief.

(f) No Foreign Governmental Litigation. There shall not be pending before any court or agency of competent jurisdiction any legal proceeding commenced by a Governmental Authority (other than a Governmental Authority that is a U.S. federal or state Governmental Authority) that (i) challenges or seeks to restrain or prohibit the consummation of the Merger; or (ii) relates to the Merger and seeks to obtain from Company any damages or other relief.

8. Termination.

8.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Closing (with respect to Sections 8.1(b) through 8.1(e), by notice from the terminating party to the other party setting forth a brief description of the basis for termination):

(a) by the mutual written consent of Parent and the Company;

 

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(b) by either Parent or the Company if the Merger shall not have been consummated by the date that is 75 days from the date of this Agreement; provided, however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 8.1(b) shall not be available to any party whose failure to comply with or perform in any material respect any covenant under this Agreement has been the cause of or resulted in the failure of the Merger to occur on or before such date;

(c) by either Parent or the Company if a court of competent jurisdiction shall have issued a nonappealable final and permanent injunction having the effect of permanently prohibiting the Merger;

(d) without limiting the right of either Parent or the Company to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 8.1(b), by the Company if (i) there are one or more inaccuracies in any of the representations or warranties of Parent or Merger Sub in this Agreement such that the condition set forth in Section 7.3(a) would not be satisfied, or there has been one or more breaches by Parent or Merger Sub of any of their respective covenants in this Agreement such that the condition set forth in Section 7.3(b) would not be satisfied, (ii) the Company shall have delivered to Parent a written notice of such inaccuracies or breaches, and (iii) (A) at least 30 days shall have elapsed since the delivery of such notice without such inaccuracies or breaches having been cured or (B) such inaccuracies or breaches are not capable of being cured within 30 days after delivery of such notice of inaccuracies or breaches;

(e) without limiting the right of either Parent or the Company to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 8.1(b), by Parent if (i) there are one or more inaccuracies in any of the representations or warranties of the Company in this Agreement such that the condition set forth in Section 7.2(a) would not be satisfied, or there has been one or more breaches by the Company of any of its covenants in this Agreement such that the condition set forth in Section 7.2(c) would not be satisfied, (ii) Parent shall have delivered to the Company a written notice of such inaccuracies or breaches, and (iii) (A) at least 30 days shall have elapsed since the delivery of such notice without such inaccuracies or breaches having been cured or (B) such inaccuracies or breaches are not capable of being cured within 30 days after delivery of such notice of inaccuracies or breaches;

(f) by Parent if the Required Stockholder Vote shall not have been obtained promptly after the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto.

8.2 Effect of Termination. In the event of termination of this Agreement as provided in Section 8.1, this Agreement shall be of no further force or effect, and there shall be no liability on the part of Parent, the Company, Merger Sub or their respective officers, directors or stockholders, except to the extent that such liability results from the willful breach by a party of any of its covenants set forth in this Agreement; provided, however, that the provisions of Section 10 and the Confidentiality Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and survive any termination of this Agreement.

 

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9. Escrow and Indemnification

9.1 Escrow Fund. Pursuant to Section 2.12, at the Closing, Parent shall withhold the Escrow Fund from the amounts otherwise payable to the Company Holders and shall deposit the Escrow Fund with the Escrow Agent on behalf of such holders. The Escrow Fund shall be governed by the terms set forth in the Escrow Agreement and shall be available (i) to indemnify Parent pursuant to the indemnification provisions set forth in this Section 9, and (ii) to make the payments referred to in Sections 9.2(b), 9.3 and 9.5.

9.2 Indemnification.

(a) Expiration of Representations, Warranties and Covenants. All representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement or in the Company Closing Certificate shall expire on the date that is 365 days after the Closing Date (the “Representation Termination Date”); provided, however, that if at any time prior to the Representation Termination Date, Parent delivers to the Stockholders’ Agent a notice stating the existence of an inaccuracy in any of the representations and warranties made by the Company or a breach of a covenant made by the Company (and setting forth, to the extent known by Parent, in reasonable detail the basis for Parent’s determination that such an inaccuracy or breach exists and the amount of the Damages incurred by Parent as a result of such inaccuracy or breach) and asserting a claim for recovery under this Section 9.2 based on such inaccuracy or breach, then the claim asserted in such notice shall survive the Representation Termination Date until such time as such claim is fully and finally resolved. All obligations of the parties under the covenants contained herein (including the covenants set forth in Sections 5 and 6) shall expire at the Effective Time, except to the extent that any such covenant expressly specifies that it is to be (or is otherwise required by this Agreement to be) performed after the Effective Time; provided, however, that notwithstanding the expiration of the parties’ obligations under such covenants, claims for breaches of any covenants of the Company prior to their expiration may be brought after the Effective Time and until the Representation Termination Date.

(b) Indemnification. Subject to the limitations set forth in this Section and Sections 9.2(a) and 9.2(c), from and after the Effective Time, Parent shall be entitled to be indemnified, solely from the Escrow Fund, against any Damages actually incurred by Parent as a result of (i) any inaccuracy in any representation or warranty of the Company set forth in this Agreement or in the Company Closing Certificate, and (ii) the breach of any covenant of the Company in this Agreement. For purposes of this Section 9, “Damages” shall mean any liabilities, losses, damages, penalties, fines, costs or expenses, including reasonable legal, expert and consultant fees and expenses, but excluding any special, indirect, consequential, exemplary and punitive damages; provided, however, that for purposes of computing the amount of any Damages incurred by Parent there shall be deducted an amount equal to the amount of any Tax benefit actually received by Parent or any of its affiliates in the year such Damages are sustained as a result of such Damages or the circumstances giving rise thereto. Solely for purposes of computing the amount of any Damages pursuant to this Section 9(b), all materiality, Company Material Adverse Effect and similar qualifications in this Agreement shall be disregarded.

 

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(c) Limitations of Liability.

(i) Except as provided in Section 10.10, from and after the Effective Time, the right of Parent to be indemnified from the Escrow Fund pursuant to this Section 9 shall be the sole and exclusive remedy with respect to (x) any inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of the Company contained in this Agreement or the Company Closing Certificate or (y) any other breach by the Company of this Agreement. Subject to Section 9.2(c)(iii), no current or former stockholder, director, officer, employee, affiliate or advisor of the Company shall have any personal or individual liability of any nature to Parent, the Surviving Corporation or any affiliate of Parent or the Surviving Corporation with respect to any inaccuracy of any representation or warranty contained in, or any other breach of, this Agreement or the Company Closing Certificate. The parties acknowledge that (A) no current or former stockholder, director, officer, employee, affiliate or advisor of the Company has made or is making any representations, warranties or commitments whatsoever regarding the subject matter of this Agreement, express or implied, (B) except as expressly provided in this Agreement or in the Company Closing Certificate, the Company has not made and is not making any representations, warranties or commitments whatsoever regarding the subject matter of this Agreement, express or implied, and (C) except as expressly provided in this Agreement and in the Company Closing Certificate, Parent is not relying and has not relied on, any representations, warranties or commitments whatsoever regarding the subject matter of this Agreement, express or implied.

(ii) Without limiting the effect of any other limitation contained in this Section 9, the indemnification provided for in this Section 9.2 shall not apply, and Parent shall not be entitled to exercise any indemnification rights under this Agreement, unless the aggregate amount of the Damages against which Parent would otherwise be entitled to be indemnified under this Section 9.2 exceeds 1% of the Merger Consideration (the “Threshold”); provided, that such Threshold shall not apply with respect to claims for breaches of Sections 3.1, 3.2 and 3.5 and all Damages arising from the breach of such Sections, to the extent paid, shall be excluded from the calculation of whether the Threshold has been exceeded. If the aggregate amount of such Damages (excluding all Damages arising from the breach of such Sections 3.1, 3.2 and 3.5) exceeds the Threshold, then Parent shall, subject to the other limitations contained herein, be entitled to be indemnified from the Escrow Fund from the first dollar of such Damages.

(iii) Nothing in this Section 9.2(c) shall limit any remedy Parent may have against any Person for fraud under applicable tort laws.

(d) Defense of Third-Party Claims. Promptly after Parent obtains knowledge of any claim, demand, suit, action, arbitration, investigation, inquiry or proceeding that has been brought or asserted by a third party against Parent or any of Parent’s Subsidiaries or other affiliates that is subject to indemnification hereunder (a “Third-Party Claim”), Parent shall promptly give notice of such Third-Party Claim to the Stockholders’ Agent, stating the nature and basis of such Third-Party Claim and the dollar amount of such Third-Party Claim, to the extent known; provided, that the failure of Parent to so notify the Stockholders’ Agent shall not limit Parent’s rights to indemnification hereunder except to the extent the Stockholders’ Agent is materially prejudiced thereby. The Stockholders’ Agent shall have the right at its

 

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election, at any time, to defend any Third-Party Claim, in which case: (i) the Stockholders’ Agent shall diligently and in good faith defend such Third-Party Claim; (ii) the reasonable attorneys’ fees of counsel reasonably acceptable to Parent (approval of such counsel not to be unreasonably withheld), other professionals’ and experts’ fees and court or arbitration costs incurred by the Stockholders’ Agent in connection with defending such Third-Party Claim shall be payable from the Escrow Fund, without the requirement of any consent or approval by Parent; (iii) Parent shall be entitled to monitor such defense, with any out-of-pocket costs incurred by Parent entitled to be reimbursed from the Escrow Fund; (iv) Parent shall make available to the Stockholders’ Agent all books, records and other documents and materials that are under the direct or indirect control of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries or other affiliates and that the Stockholders’ Agent considers necessary or desirable for the defense of such Third-Party Claim; (v) Parent shall execute such documents and take, and refrain from taking, such other actions as the Stockholders’ Agent may reasonably request for the purpose of facilitating the defense of, or any settlement, compromise or adjustment relating to, such Third-Party Claim; (vii) Parent shall otherwise fully cooperate as reasonably requested by the Stockholders’ Agent in the defense of such Third-Party Claim; and (viii) the Stockholders’ Agent shall not enter into any agreement providing for the settlement of such Third-Party Claim without the prior written consent of Parent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld) if such settlement agreement imposes on Parent or any of its Subsidiaries or other affiliates any obligation, other than an obligation to pay monetary damages in an amount less than the aggregate cash amount remaining in the Escrow Fund (excluding for these purposes the amount in the Escrow Fund that equals the aggregate amount claimed by Parent or in any Third-Party Claim with respect to claims for indemnification which have not yet been satisfied or resolved) and that may be used to pay such damages in full. If the Stockholders’ Agent elects not to defend such Third-Party Claim, then (i) Parent shall defend such Third-Party Claim and (ii) Parent shall have no right to seek indemnification under this Section 9 in respect of such Third-Party Claim for any settlement entered into without the prior written consent of the Stockholders’ Agent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.

9.3 Stockholders’ Agent.

(a) By virtue of the approval of this Agreement by the Company’s stockholders, and without further action of any Company Holder, each Company Holder shall be deemed to have irrevocably constituted and appointed the Stockholders’ Agent (and by execution of this Agreement he hereby accepts such appointment) as agent and attorney-in-fact for and on behalf of the Company Holders, with full power of substitution, to act in the name, place and stead of each Company Holder with respect to this Section 9 and the Escrow Agreement and the taking by the Stockholders’ Agent of any and all actions and the making of any decisions required or permitted to be taken by the Stockholders’ Agent under this Agreement or the Escrow Agreement, including the exercise of the power to: (i) give and receive notices and communications under this Section 9 or the Escrow Agreement; (ii) authorize delivery to Parent of cash from the Escrow Fund in satisfaction of claims for indemnification made by Parent under this Section 9; (iii) object to claims for indemnification made by Parent under this Section 9; (iv) agree to, negotiate, enter into settlements and compromises of, and comply with orders of courts with respect to claims for indemnification made by Parent under this Section 9; and (v) take all actions necessary or appropriate in the good faith judgment of the Stockholders’ Agent for the

 

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accomplishment of the foregoing. The power of attorney granted in this Section 9.3 is coupled with an interest and is irrevocable, may be delegated by the Stockholders’ Agent and shall survive the death or incapacity of any Company Holder. The identity of the Stockholders’ Agent and the terms of the agency may be changed, and a successor Stockholders’ Agent may be appointed, from time to time (including in the event of the death, disability or other incapacity of the Stockholders’ Agent) by the Company Holders whose aggregate entitlements to the Per Share Merger Consideration exceeds 50% of the aggregate Per Share Merger Consideration, and any such successor shall succeed the Stockholders’ Agent as Stockholders’ Agent hereunder. No bond shall be required of the Stockholders’ Agent, and the Stockholders’ Agent shall receive no compensation for his services.

(b) The Stockholders’ Agent shall not be liable for any liability, loss, damage, penalty, fine, cost or expense incurred without gross negligence by the Stockholders’ Agent while acting in good faith and in the exercise of his reasonable judgment and arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of his duties hereunder (it being understood that any act done or omitted pursuant to the advice of counsel shall be conclusive evidence of such good faith).

(c) From and after the Effective Time, Parent shall cause the Surviving Corporation to provide the Stockholders’ Agent with reasonable access to information about the Surviving Corporation and the reasonable assistance of the officers and employees of Parent and the Surviving Corporation for purposes of performing his duties and exercising his rights under this Agreement, provided that the Stockholders’ Agent shall treat confidentially any nonpublic information he receives from Parent regarding the Surviving Corporation.

(d) Each Company Holder shall, only to the extent of and in proportion to the aggregate amount of the Per Share Merger Consideration received by such Company Holder, indemnify and defend the Stockholders’ Agent and hold the Stockholders’ Agent harmless against any loss, damage, cost, liability or expense incurred without fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct by the Stockholders’ Agent and arising out of or in connection with the acceptance, performance or administration of the Stockholders’ Agent’s duties under this Agreement. Any liabilities, losses, penalties, fines, claims, damages, out-of-pocket costs or expenses incurred by or reasonably expected to be incurred by the Stockholders’ Agent in connection with the acceptance, performance and administration of his or her duties as the Stockholders’ Agent pursuant to this Agreement (including the hiring of legal counsel, accountants or auditors and other advisors pursuant to the terms of this Agreement but excluding any of the foregoing arising out of the Stockholders’ Agent’s fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct) shall be paid as follows: (i) first, by recourse to amounts in the Escrow Fund up to an aggregate of $200,000, (ii) following the Representation Termination Date, by recourse to amounts remaining in the Escrow Fund that are not required to be paid to Parent hereunder and under the Escrow Agreement and (iii) at any time, if the amounts described in the preceding clauses (i) and (ii) are insufficient to pay such Stockholders’ Agent’s costs and expenses, then by recourse directly to the Company Holders (in proportion to the pro rata portion of the aggregate amount of the Per Share Merger Consideration otherwise to be received by such Company Holders).

 

48


9.4 Actions of the Stockholders’ Agent. From and after the Effective Time, a decision, act, consent or instruction of the Stockholders’ Agent shall constitute a decision of all Company Holders and shall be final, binding and conclusive upon each Company Holder, and the Escrow Agent and Parent may rely upon any decision, act, consent or instruction of the Stockholders’ Agent as being the decision, act, consent or instruction of each Company Holder. Parent and Surviving Corporation are hereby relieved from any liability to any person for any acts done by Stockholders’ Agent and any acts done by Parent or Surviving Corporation in accordance with any such decision, act, consent or instruction of the Stockholders’ Agent.

9.5 Tax Matters. The parties agree that any amounts released to Parent from the Escrow Fund pursuant to this Section 9 shall be treated as a reduction in the aggregate consideration paid in connection with the Merger for federal income tax purposes. All interest and other income earned on the Escrow Fund (net of any losses) will be retained by the Escrow Agent and added to and become part of the Escrow Fund. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, the parties hereto agree that all income, gain, loss and deductions derived from the investment of the Escrow Fund shall be taken into account for income tax purposes by Parent. The parties hereto further agree to treat for income tax purposes a portion of any payment to the Company Holders from the Escrow Fund pursuant to this Agreement as a payment of interest to the Company Holders, and Parent will be entitled to a corresponding interest deduction, in each case, to the extent provided in accordance with the rules set forth in Sections 1.483-4 and 1.1275-4(c)(4) of the United States Treasury Regulations, as applicable. In the event that the aggregate amount of items of income and gain (net of any losses or deductions) that are taken into account by Parent with respect to investments on the portion of the Escrow Fund that is paid to the Company Holders exceeds the amount that is treated as a payment of interest to the Company Holders for federal income tax purposes pursuant to the treatment described above in respect of distributions from the Escrow Fund, then the Escrow Agent shall reduce the amount otherwise payable to the Company Holders hereunder and distribute to Parent from the Escrow Fund an amount equal to such excess multiplied by 40% (forty percent) (the “Tax Distribution Amount”) at each time that payments are made from the Escrow Fund to the Company Holders. Not less than 10 business days prior to each payment from the Escrow Fund to the Company Holders, Parent shall notify the Escrow Agent in writing, with a copy to the Stockholders’ Agent, of its calculation of the Tax Distribution Amount. Parent shall deliver to the Stockholders’ Agent any additional documentation or calculations reasonably requested by the Stockholders’ Agent for the purposes of verifying the Tax Distribution Amount. The Stockholders’ Agent may dispute the calculation of the Tax Distribution Amount, in which case, Parent and the Stockholders’ Agent shall attempt to reconcile their differences no later than five days prior to the payment date, and any resolution by them as to any disputed amounts shall be final, binding and conclusive on the parties hereto.

10. General Provisions.

10.1 Notices. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed duly delivered (i) upon receipt if delivered personally, (ii) one business day after being sent by commercial overnight courier service, or (iii) upon transmission if sent via facsimile with confirmation of receipt to the parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified upon like notice):

 

  (a) if to Parent or Merger Sub, to:

Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.

425 Privet Road

P.O. Box 1005

Horsham, Pennsylvania 19044-8005

Attention: General Counsel

Telecopy: 215-293-6499

 

49


with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP

787 Seventh Avenue

New York, NY 10019

Attention:   Peter H. Jakes, Esq.
  Jeffrey S. Hochman, Esq.

Telecopy: 212-728-8111

 

  (b) if to the Company, to:

CoGenesys, Inc.

9410 Key West Avenue

Rockville, MD 20850

Attention: General Counsel

Telecopy: 240-821-9001

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

Cooley Godward Kronish LLP

11951 Freedom Drive

Reston, VA 20190-5656

Attention: Mike Lincoln

Telecopy: 703-456-8100

 

  (c) if to the Stockholders’ Agent, to:

Steven C. Mayer

c/o CoGenesys, Inc.

9410 Key West Avenue

Rockville, MD 20850

Telecopy: 240-821-9001

10.2 Additional Definitions.

(a) In this Agreement, any reference to a “Company Material Adverse Effect” means any change, effect, event, occurrence, state of facts or development that,

 

50


individually or in the aggregate, (x) is, or is reasonably likely to be, materially adverse to the Current Company Business or the assets, liabilities, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations or prospects of the Company or (y) would, or would reasonably be likely to, impair the Company’s ability to perform its obligations under this Agreement or to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby; provided, however, that none of the following shall be deemed, either alone or in combination, to constitute, and none of the following shall be taken into account in determining whether there has been or will be, a Company Material Adverse Effect: any adverse effect arising from, directly attributable to or directly relating to (A) conditions affecting (1) any of the industries in which the Company operates or participates, or (2) the U.S. economy or financial markets (except that such conditions in clauses “(1)” and “(2)” of this clause “(A)” shall be taken into account to the extent they have adversely affected the Company disproportionately as compared to their effect on other comparable companies in the same industry sector as the Company), (B) the payment of any amounts due to, or the provision of any other benefits to, any officers or employees under employment contracts, non-competition agreements, employee benefit plans, severance arrangements or other arrangements in existence as of the date of this Agreement and disclosed in Part 1 of Schedule 10.2(a), (C) the taking of any action expressly required by this Agreement, (D) the taking of any action approved or consented to in writing by Parent, (E) any breach by Parent of this Agreement or the Confidentiality Agreement, (F) any reduction in the Company’s available cash as a result of operating the Company’s business in the ordinary course consistent with past practice during the Pre-Closing Period, (G) any change in GAAP, or the interpretation thereof, or any change in applicable laws, rules or regulations, or the interpretation thereof, provided each such change is not applicable solely to the Company, (H) the departure or termination of any employees of the Company or (I) the matters described in Part 2 of Schedule 10.2(a).

(b) In this Agreement, (i) any reference to the Company’s “knowledge” means the knowledge, after due inquiry, of the Company’s executive officers and director level employees listed on Schedule 10.2(b), and (ii) any reference to Parent’s “knowledge” means the knowledge, after due inquiry of Parent’s executive officers. For the avoidance of doubt, “due inquiry” by the Company shall not require the Company to inquire of any third party, including, without limitation, HGS, PDL, Principia, Aventis, L.L.C., GmbH, ABS, Delta or CAT.

(c) In this Agreement, an entity shall be deemed to be a “Subsidiary” of a party if such party directly or indirectly owns, beneficially, at least 50% of the outstanding equity or financial interests of such entity.

(d) In this Agreement, “Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, association, trust or other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.

10.3 Company Disclosure Schedule. The Company Disclosure Schedule will be arranged to correspond to the representations and warranties in Section 3 of this Agreement, and the disclosure in any portion of the Company Disclosure Schedule shall qualify the corresponding provision in Section 3 and any other provision of Section 3 to which it is reasonably apparent that such disclosure relates.

 

51


10.4 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement, and shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the parties and delivered to the other parties, it being understood that all parties need not sign the same counterpart.

10.5 Entire Agreement; Nonassignability; Parties in Interest. This Agreement and the documents and instruments delivered pursuant hereto, including the exhibits hereto, the Company Disclosure Schedule and the other schedules hereto: (a) together constitute the entire agreement among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, except for the Confidentiality Agreement, both of which shall continue in full force and effect in accordance with their terms and shall survive any termination of this Agreement; (b) are not intended to confer upon any other person any rights or remedies hereunder, except as provided in the final sentence of this Section 10.5; and (c) shall not be assigned by Parent or Merger Sub, on the one hand, or by the Company, on the other hand (by operation of law or otherwise), without the written consent of each of the parties hereto; provided, however, that Parent and Merger Sub may assign this Agreement to their Affiliates so long as (i) Parent guarantees in writing the performance of all obligations so assigned and (ii) such assignment would not reasonably be expected to (w) impose any material delay in the obtaining of, or significantly increase the risk of not obtaining any required approvals or consents to the Merger from any Governmental Authority or the expiration or termination of any applicable waiting period, (x) significantly increase the risk of any Governmental Authority entering an order prohibiting the consummation of the Merger, (y) significantly increase the risk of not being able to remove any such order on appeal or otherwise or (z) materially delay the consummation of the Merger. If the requirements of the proviso in the previous sentence are met and Parent or Merger Sub wishes to designate another entity to be a constituent corporation in lieu thereof, then all references herein to Parent or Merger Sub, as applicable, shall be deemed references to such other entity, except that all representations and warranties made herein with respect to Parent or Merger Sub, as applicable, as of the date hereof shall be deemed representations and warranties made with respect to such other entity as of the date of such assignment. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement (but without limiting any of the rights of the Stockholders’ Agent hereunder), if the Merger is consummated, (i) the Former Stockholders and the persons who held, immediately prior to the Effective Time, options to purchase Company Capital Stock shall be third party beneficiaries of the provisions set forth in Section 2, and (iii) the Company’s former officers and directors shall be third party beneficiaries of the provisions set forth in Section 6.6.

10.6 Severability. In the event that any provision of this Agreement, or the application thereof becomes, or is declared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of this Agreement, and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances other than those as to which it is determined to be illegal, void or unenforceable, will not be impaired or otherwise affected and will continue in full force and effect and be enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law.

10.7 Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise provided in Section 9.2(c) or elsewhere herein, any and all remedies herein expressly conferred upon a party will be deemed

 

52


cumulative with, and not exclusive of, any other remedy conferred hereby, or by law or equity upon such party, and the exercise by a party of any one remedy will not preclude the exercise of any other remedy.

10.8 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Delaware applicable to parties residing in the State of Delaware, without regard to applicable principles of conflicts of law. Each of the parties irrevocably consents to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the state and federal courts located in the City of New York, in connection with any matter based upon or arising out of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby and agrees that process may be served upon it in any manner authorized by the laws of the State of New York for such persons and waives and covenants not to assert or plead any objection which it might otherwise have to such jurisdiction and such process. Each of the parties irrevocably waives the right to trial by jury in connection with any matter based upon or arising out of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.

10.9 Rules of Construction.

(a) The parties hereto agree that they have been represented by counsel during the negotiation, preparation and execution of this Agreement and, therefore, waive the application of any law, regulation, holding or rule of construction providing that ambiguities in an agreement or other document will be construed against the party drafting such agreement or document.

(b) For purposes of this Agreement, whenever the context requires: the singular number shall include the plural, and vice versa; the masculine gender shall include the feminine and neuter genders; the feminine gender shall include the masculine and neuter genders; and the neuter gender shall include the masculine and feminine genders.

(c) As used in this Agreement, (i) the words “include” and “including,” and variations thereof, shall not be deemed to be terms of limitation, but rather shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation” and (ii) the words “hereby,” “herein,” “hereunder” and “hereto” shall be deemed to refer to this Agreement in its entirety and not to any specific section of this Agreement.

(d) Except as otherwise indicated, all references in this Agreement to “Sections,” “Schedules” and “Exhibits” are intended to refer to Sections of this Agreement and Schedules and Exhibits to this Agreement.

10.10 Time is of the Essence; Enforcement. Time is of the essence of this Agreement. Each of the parties hereto agrees that irreparable damage would occur and that the parties would not have any adequate remedy at law in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that the parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions of this Agreement, this being in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity.

 

53


10.11 Amendment; Waiver. This Agreement may not be amended except by an instrument in writing signed on behalf of each of the parties hereto. Any waiver of any of the terms or conditions of this Agreement must be in writing and must be duly executed by or on behalf of the party to be charged with such waiver. Except as expressly set forth in this Agreement, the failure of a party to exercise any of its rights hereunder or to insist upon strict adherence to any term or condition hereof on any one occasion shall not be construed as a waiver or deprive that party of the right thereafter to insist upon strict adherence to the terms and conditions of this Agreement at a later date. Further, no waiver of any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement shall be deemed to or shall constitute a waiver of any other term of condition hereof (whether or not similar).

10.12 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION.

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank]

 

54


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company, Parent, Merger Sub and the Stockholders’ Agent have caused this Agreement to be executed and delivered by each of them or their respective officers thereunto duly authorized, all as of the date first written above.

 

TEVA PHARMACEUTICALS USA, INC.
By:  

/s/ William S. Marth

Name:   William S. Marth
Title:   President and Chief Executive Officer
By:  

/s/ Deborah Griffin

Name:   Deborah Griffin
Title:   Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
COLUMBUS MERGER CORPORATION
By:  

/s/ William S. Marth

Name:   William S. Marth
Title:   President and Chief Executive Officer
By:  

/s/ Deborah Griffin

Name:   Deborah Griffin
Title:   Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer


COGENESYS, INC.
By:  

/s/ Steven C. Mayer

Name:   Steven C. Mayer
Title:   Chief Executive Officer
STOCKHOLDERS’ AGENT

/s/ Steven C. Mayer

Steven C. Mayer, as Stockholders’ Agent

 

4

EX-8 8 dex8.htm SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT Subsidiaries of the Registrant

Exhibit 8

TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

Subsidiaries

At December 31, 2008

 

Name of Subsidiary

   Percentage of
Ownership and
Control
   Jurisdiction of
Organization

Novopharm Limited

   100    Canada

Teva Animal Health, Inc.

   100    United States

Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.

   100    United States

Teva Pharmaceuticals CR, s.r.o.

   100    Czech Republic

Teva Classics S.A.S

   100    France

Teva Deutschland GmbH

   100    Germany

AWD Pharma GmbH & Co. KG

   100    Germany

TEVA Hungary Pharmaceutical Marketing Private Limited Company

   100    Hungary

Teva Pharmaceuticals Polska sp. z o.o.

   100    Poland

Teva Italia S.r.l.

   100    Italy

IVAX Pharmaceuticals Ireland (a branch of IVAX International B.V.)

   100    Ireland

Pharmachemie B.V.

   100    The Netherlands

Plantex Chemicals B.V.

   100    The Netherlands

Teva UK Limited (formerly known as Approved Prescription Services Limited)

   100    United Kingdom

Assia Chemical Industries Ltd.

   100    Israel

Salomon, Levin & Elstein Ltd.

   100    Israel

Lemery S.A. de C.V.

   100    Mexico

Laboratorio Chile, S.A.

   100    Chile

Laboratorios Elmor, S.A.

   100    Venezuela

PLIVA HRVATSKA d.o.o.

   100    Croatia

Pliva d.d.

   98.37    Croatia

Pliva Krakow S.A.

   96.79    Poland

Laboratorios Davur S.L.

   100    Spain

Pliva RUS Limited Liability Company

   100    Russia

Galena Pharma Limited Liability Company

   100    Russia
EX-10 9 dex10.htm CONSENT OF KESSELMAN & KESSELMAN Consent of Kesselman & Kesselman

Exhibit 10

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form F-3 (No. 333 - 155927 and No. 333-131387) and on Form S-8 (No. 333-155926) of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited of our report dated February 27, 2009 relating to the consolidated financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 20-F. We also consent to the incorporation by reference of our report dated February 27, 2009 relating to the Financial Statement Schedule, which appears in this Form 20-F.

 

   Kesselman & Kesselman
Tel-Aviv, Israel    Certified Public Accountants (Isr.)
February 27, 2009    A member of PricewaterhouseCoopers
   International Limited
EX-12.(I) 10 dex12i.htm CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302

Exhibit 12(i)

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Shlomo Yanai, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:

 

  a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  c. evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  d. disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 27, 2009

/s/    SHLOMO YANAI        

Shlomo Yanai

President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-12.(II) 11 dex12ii.htm CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302

Exhibit 12(ii)

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Eyal Desheh, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:

 

  a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  c. evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  d. disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 27, 2009

/s/    EYAL DESHEH        

Eyal Desheh

Chief Financial Officer

EX-13 12 dex13.htm CERTIFICATION OF THE CEO AND CFO PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 Certification of the CEO and CFO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

Exhibit 13

CERTIFICATION OF THE CEO AND CFO PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF

FINANCIAL OFFICER

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the period ended December 31, 2008 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), we, Shlomo Yanai, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Eyal Desheh, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

 

  (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

  (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: February 27, 2009

/s/    SHLOMO YANAI        

Shlomo Yanai

President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/    EYAL DESHEH        

Eyal Desheh

Chief Financial Officer

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-----END PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE-----