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Loans Receivable, Net
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]  
Financing Receivables [Text Block] Loans Receivable, Net
Loans receivable, net, consisted of the following as of the dates indicated below:
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Residential Real Estate Loans$80,301,404 $78,907,159 
Consumer Loans53,972,954 55,335,425 
Commercial Business Loans21,746,585 19,704,862 
Commercial Real Estate Loans315,672,639 299,299,647 
Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") Loans60,191,764 47,105,618 
Total Loans Held For Investment531,885,346 500,352,711 
Loans Held For Sale6,472,399 5,693,400 
Total Loans Receivable, Gross538,357,745 506,046,111 
Less:
Allowance For Loan Losses11,946,873 12,842,896 
Loans in Process16,717,998 12,197,417 
Deferred Loan Fees3,441,355 1,838,426 
 32,106,226 26,878,739 
Total Loans Receivable, Net$506,251,519 $479,167,372 
8.    Loans Receivable, Net, Continued

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Bank participated in the initial SBA Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), a guaranteed unsecured loan program enacted under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act of 2020 (“CARES Act”) signed into law on March 27, 2020 to provide near-term relief to help small businesses impacted by COVID-19 sustain operations. PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA. Loan originations under the initial PPP ended in August 2020, The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (“CAA 2021”) enacted on December 27, 2020, renewed and extended the PPP until May 31, 2021. As a result, in January 2021, the Bank began accepting and processing loan applications under this second PPP. The Bank earns 1% interest on PPP loans as well as a fee from the SBA to cover processing costs, which is amortized over the life of the loan. The maturity date of a PPP loan is either two or five years from the date of loan origination. The balance of unamortized net deferred fees on PPP loans was $3.0 million at March 31, 2021 compared to $1.4 million at December 31, 2020. The Bank expects that the great majority of PPP borrowers will seek full or partial forgiveness of their loan obligations in accordance with the CARES Act. Because the SBA guarantees 100% of the PPP loans made to eligible borrowers, and the entire principal amount of these loans, including any accrued interest, is eligible to be forgiven and repaid by the SBA, PPP loans are excluded from our allowance for loan losses calculation.

The Company uses a risk based approach based on the following credit quality measures when analyzing the loan portfolio: pass, caution, special mention, and substandard. These indicators are used to rate the credit quality of loans for the purposes of determining the Company’s allowance for loan losses. Pass loans are loans that are performing and are deemed adequately protected by the net worth of the borrower or the underlying collateral value. These loans are considered to have the least amount of risk in terms of determining the allowance for loan losses. Loans that are graded as substandard are considered to have the most risk. These loans typically have an identified weakness or weaknesses and are inadequately protected by the net worth of the borrower or collateral value. All loans 90 days or more past due are automatically classified in this category. The caution and special mention categories fall in between the pass and substandard grades and consist of loans that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification but possess weaknesses.

The tables below summarize the balance within each risk category by loan type, excluding loans held for sale, at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
March 31, 2021
 
Pass
 
Caution
Special Mention
 
Substandard
 
Total Loans
Residential Real Estate$67,140,978 $9,783,087 $570,198 $2,807,141 $80,301,404 
Consumer41,120,979 10,937,340 933,701 980,934 53,972,954 
Commercial Business17,579,914 3,845,473 76,569 244,629 21,746,585 
Commercial Real Estate236,849,707 56,633,113 17,071,512 5,118,307 315,672,639 
PPP60,191,764    60,191,764 
Total$422,883,342 $81,199,013 $18,651,980 $9,151,011 $531,885,346 

December 31, 2020
 
Pass
 
Caution
Special Mention
 
Substandard
 
Total Loans
Residential Real Estate$65,437,564 $9,675,300 $799,446 $2,994,849 $78,907,159 
Consumer42,926,887 10,525,814 891,107 991,617 55,335,425 
Commercial Business15,315,677 3,851,517 309,100 228,568 19,704,862 
Commercial Real Estate221,696,863 56,642,660 16,349,302 4,610,822 299,299,647 
PPP47,105,618 — — — 47,105,618 
Total$392,482,609 $80,695,291 $18,348,955 $8,825,856 $500,352,711 
8.    Loans Receivable, Net, Continued
The tables below present an age analysis of past due balances by loan category at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
March 31, 2021
 
30-59 Days
Past Due
 
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or
More Past Due
 
Total Past
Due
 
 
Current
 
Total Loans
Receivable
Residential Real Estate$102,060 $ $261,681 $363,741 $79,937,663 $80,301,404 
Consumer325,375 64,841 65,060 455,276 53,517,678 53,972,954 
Commercial Business35,506 28,955 169 64,630 21,681,955 21,746,585 
Commercial Real Estate1,330,976 205,702 874,887 2,411,565 313,261,074 315,672,639 
PPP    60,191,764 60,191,764 
Total$1,793,917 $299,498 $1,201,797 $3,295,212 $528,590,134 $531,885,346 

December 31, 2020
 
30-59 Days
Past Due
 
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or More Past Due
 
Total Past
Due
 
 
Current
 
Total Loans
Receivable
Residential Real Estate$— $152,634 $160,152 $312,786 $78,594,373 $78,907,159 
Consumer292,498 30,610 91,870 414,978 54,920,447 55,335,425 
Commercial Business49,554 — 7,152 56,706 19,648,156 19,704,862 
Commercial Real Estate735,456 346,850 550,409 1,632,715 297,666,932 299,299,647 
PPP— — —  47,105,618 47,105,618 
Total$1,077,508 $530,094 $809,583 $2,417,185 $497,935,526 $500,352,711 

At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company did not have any loans that were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest. The Company's strategy is to work with its borrowers to reach acceptable payment plans while protecting its interests in the existing collateral.  In the event an acceptable arrangement cannot be reached, the Company may have to acquire these properties through foreclosure or other means and subsequently sell, develop, or liquidate them.

The following table shows non-accrual loans by category at March 31, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020:
 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020(Decrease) Increase
 Amount
Percent (1)
Amount
Percent (1)
$%
Non-accrual Loans:      
Residential Real Estate$1,586,738 0.3 %$1,682,240 0.4 %$(95,502)(5.7)%
Consumer367,628 0.1 402,878 0.1 (35,250)(8.7)
Commercial Business90,811  100,408 — (9,597)(9.6)
Commercial Real Estate1,666,481 0.3 939,946 0.2 726,535 77.3
Total Non-accrual Loans$3,711,658 0.7 %$3,125,472 0.7 %$586,186 18.8%
(1) PERCENT OF TOTAL LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT, NET OF DEFERRED FEES AND LOANS IN PROCESS.
8.    Loans Receivable, Net, Continued

The following tables show the activity in the allowance for loan losses by category for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
 Residential
Real Estate
 
Consumer
Commercial
Business
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Total
Beginning Balance$1,528,948 $1,298,655 $1,165,033 $8,850,260 $12,842,896 
Provision for Loan Losses(300,408)(68,519)(27,997)(473,076)(870,000)
Charge-Offs (38,277)(6,699) (44,976)
Recoveries70 9,295 948 8,640 18,953 
Ending Balance$1,228,610 $1,201,154 $1,131,285 $8,385,824 $11,946,873 
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
 Residential
Real Estate
 
Consumer
Commercial
Business
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Total
Beginning Balance$1,390,594 $1,210,849 $544,764 $6,079,367 $9,225,574 
Provision for Loan Losses79,144 141,944 103,002 375,910 700,000 
Charge-Offs— (47,107)(35,048)— (82,155)
Recoveries600 22,599 — 5,220 28,419 
Ending Balance$1,470,338 $1,328,285 $612,718 $6,460,497 $9,871,838 

The following tables present information related to impaired loans evaluated individually and collectively for impairment in the allowance for loan losses at the dates indicated.
 Allowance For Loan Losses
March 31, 2021Individually Evaluated For ImpairmentCollectively Evaluated For Impairment
 
Total
Residential Real Estate$ $1,228,610 $1,228,610 
Consumer 1,201,154 1,201,154 
Commercial Business 1,131,285 1,131,285 
Commercial Real Estate 8,385,824 8,385,824 
Total$ $11,946,873 $11,946,873 
 Allowance For Loan Losses
December 31, 2020Individually Evaluated For ImpairmentCollectively Evaluated For Impairment 
Total
Residential Real Estate$— $1,528,948 $1,528,948 
Consumer— 1,298,655 1,298,655 
Commercial Business— 1,165,033 1,165,033 
Commercial Real Estate— 8,850,260 8,850,260 
Total$— $12,842,896 $12,842,896 
8.    Loans Receivable, Net, Continued

The following tables present information related to impaired loans evaluated individually and collectively for impairment in loans receivable at the dates indicated:
 Loans Receivable
March 31, 2021Individually Evaluated For ImpairmentCollectively Evaluated For Impairment
 
Total
Residential Real Estate$1,260,731 $79,040,673 $80,301,404 
Consumer158,165 53,814,789 53,972,954 
Commercial Business53,046 21,693,539 21,746,585 
Commercial Real Estate1,117,146 314,555,493 315,672,639 
PPP 60,191,764 60,191,764 
Total$2,589,088 $529,296,258 $531,885,346 
 Loans Receivable
December 31, 2020Individually Evaluated For ImpairmentCollectively Evaluated For Impairment 
Total
Residential Real Estate$1,284,303 $77,622,856 $78,907,159 
Consumer161,869 55,173,556 55,335,425 
Commercial Business53,047 19,651,815 19,704,862 
Commercial Real Estate720,111 298,579,536 299,299,647 
PPP— 47,105,618 47,105,618 
Total$2,219,330 $498,133,381 $500,352,711 

Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. Non-accrual commercial loans under $200,000 and non-accrual consumer loans under $100,000 are considered immaterial and are excluded from the impairment review. Once a loan is identified as individually impaired, management measures the impairment and records the loan at fair value. Fair value is estimated using one of the following methods: fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell, discounted cash flows, or market value of the loan based on similar debt. The fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell is the most frequently used method. Typically, the Company reviews the most recent appraisal and, if it is over 24 months old, will request a new third party appraisal. Depending on the particular circumstances surrounding the loan, including the location of the collateral, the date of the most recent appraisal and the value of the collateral relative to the recorded investment in the loan, management may order an independent appraisal immediately or, in some instances, may elect to perform an internal analysis. The average balance of impaired loans was $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The following tables present information related to impaired loans by loan category at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 and for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. There was no allowance recorded related to any impaired loans at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Impaired LoansRecorded
Investment
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
Related
Allowance
Recorded
Investment
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance
Residential Real Estate$1,260,731 $1,260,731 $ $1,284,303 $1,284,303 $— 
Consumer 158,165 166,465  161,869 170,169 — 
Commercial Business53,046 948,046  53,047 948,046 — 
Commercial Real Estate1,117,146 1,262,566  720,111 865,531 — 
Total$2,589,088 $3,637,808 $ $2,219,330 $3,268,049 $— 
Three Months Ended March 31,
20212020
Impaired LoansAverage Recorded InvestmentInterest Income
Recognized
Average Recorded
Investment
Interest Income
Recognized
With No Related Allowance Recorded:
Residential Real Estate$1,272,179 $ $1,185,056 $1,195 
Consumer159,600  182,282 — 
Commercial Business53,046  64,406 — 
Commercial Real Estate1,123,923 1,856 1,874,528 15,560 
Total$2,608,748 $1,856 $3,306,272 $16,755 

In the course of resolving delinquent loans, the Company may choose to restructure the contractual terms of certain loans. A troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") is a restructuring in which the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to a borrower that it would not otherwise consider (Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 310-40).  The concessions granted on TDRs generally include terms to reduce the interest rate, extend the term of the debt obligation, or modify the payment structure on the debt obligation. The Company grants such concessions to reassess the borrower’s financial status and develop a plan for repayment.  
At the date of modification, TDRs are initially classified as nonaccrual TDRs. TDR loans are returned to accruing status when there is economic substance to the restructuring, there is documented credit evaluation of the borrower's financial condition, the remaining balance is reasonably assured of repayment in accordance with its modified terms, and the borrower has demonstrated sustained repayment performance in accordance with the modified terms for a reasonable period of time (generally a minimum of six months).
TDRs included in impaired loans at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 had a combined balance of $720,000 and $315,000, respectively, and the Company had no commitments at these dates to lend additional funds on these loans. There was one new TDR modified during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and no TDRs in default at that date. The Bank considers any loan 30 days or more past due to be in default.
Our policy with respect to accrual of interest on loans restructured as a TDR follows relevant supervisory guidance.  That is, if a borrower has demonstrated performance under the previous loan terms and shows capacity to perform under the restructured loan terms, continued accrual of interest at the restructured interest rate is probable. If a borrower was materially delinquent on payments prior to the restructuring but shows capacity to meet the restructured loan terms, the loan will likely continue as nonaccrual going forward.  Lastly, if the borrower does not perform under the restructured terms, the loan is placed on nonaccrual status.
We will continue to closely monitor these loans and will cease accruing interest on them if management believes that the borrowers may not continue performing based on the restructured note terms.  If, after previously being classified as a TDR, a loan is restructured a second time, then that loan is automatically placed on nonaccrual status.  The Company's policy with respect to nonperforming loans requires the borrower to make a minimum of six consecutive payments in accordance with the modified loan terms before that loan can be placed back on accrual status.  Further, the borrower must demonstrate the capacity to continue making payments on the loan prior to restoration of accrual status.
The CARES Act amended GAAP with respect to the modification of loans to borrowers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Among other criteria, this guidance provided that short-term loan modifications made on a good faith basis to borrowers who were current as defined under the CARES Act prior to any relief, are not TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g. six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. To qualify as an eligible loan under the CARES Act, a loan modification must be 1) related to COVID-19; 2) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and 3) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of a) 60 days after the date of termination of the national emergency by the President or b) December 31, 2020. The CAA, 2021 provides additional COVID-19 emergency response and relief, including extending relief offered under the CARES Act related to TDRs as a result of COVID-19 through January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the end of the national emergency declared by the President, whichever is earlier.
8.    Loans Receivable, Net, Continued

On April 7, 2020, the federal banking regulators issued a revised interagency statement on loan modifications and the reporting for financial institutions working with customers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic ("Interagency Statement"). The Interagency Statement confirmed that COVID-19 related short-term loan modifications (e.g., payment deferrals of six months or less) provided to borrowers that were current (less than 30 days past due) at the time the relief was granted are not TDR loans. Borrowers that do not meet the criteria in the CARES Act or the Interagency Statement are assessed for TDR loan classification in accordance with the Company’s accounting policies. As of March 31, 2021, there were three loans still on deferral with a combined balance of $281,000. All loans modified due to COVID-19 are separately monitored and any request for continuation of relief beyond the initial modification will be reassessed at that time to determine if a further modification should be granted and if a downgrade in risk rating is appropriate. Loan modifications in accordance with the CARES Act and related banking agency regulatory guidance are still subject to an evaluation in regards to determining whether or not a loan is deemed to be impaired.