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Loans Receivable, Net
3 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]  
Financing Receivables [Text Block] Loans Receivable, Net
Loans receivable, net, consisted of the following as of the dates indicated below:
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Residential Real Estate Loans$84,864,381  $86,404,304  
Consumer Loans58,235,306  56,331,013  
Commercial Business Loans24,003,787  22,234,189  
Commercial Real Estate Loans311,975,450  303,550,905  
Paycheck Protection Program Loans72,672,428  —  
Total Loans Held For Investment551,751,352  468,520,411  
Loans Held For Sale6,155,830  3,990,606  
Total Loans Receivable, Gross$557,907,182  $472,511,017  
Less:  
Allowance For Loan Losses10,676,271  9,225,574  
Loans in Process9,755,038  9,957,140  
Deferred Loan Fees3,029,378  469,568  
 23,460,687  19,652,282  
Total Loans Receivable, Net$534,446,495  $452,858,735  
8.    Loans Receivable, Net, Continued

The Company uses a risk based approach based on the following credit quality measures when analyzing the loan portfolio: pass, caution, special mention, and substandard. These indicators are used to rate the credit quality of loans for the purposes of determining the Company’s allowance for loan losses. Pass loans are loans that are performing and are deemed adequately protected by the net worth of the borrower or the underlying collateral value. These loans are considered to have the least amount of risk in terms of determining the allowance for loan losses. Loans that are graded as substandard are considered to have the most risk. These loans typically have an identified weakness or weaknesses and are inadequately protected by the net worth of the borrower or collateral value. All loans 90 days or more past due are automatically classified in this category. The caution and special mention categories fall in between the pass and substandard grades and consist of loans that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification but possess weaknesses.

The tables below summarize the balance within each risk category by loan type, excluding loans held for sale, at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
June 30, 2020
 
Pass
 
Caution
Special Mention
 
Substandard
 
Total Loans
Residential Real Estate$74,090,846  $5,558,599  $1,073,323  $4,141,613  $84,864,381  
Consumer44,897,990  10,759,361  937,761  1,640,194  58,235,306  
Commercial Business17,787,879  4,935,589  468,875  811,444  24,003,787  
Commercial Real Estate236,153,488  56,777,380  15,486,771  3,557,811  311,975,450  
PPP72,672,428  —  —  —  72,672,428  
Total$445,602,631  $78,030,929  $17,966,730  $10,151,062  $551,751,352  
December 31, 2019
 
Pass
 
Caution
Special Mention
 
Substandard
 
Total Loans
Residential Real Estate$76,674,539  $4,612,182  $1,155,802  $3,961,781  $86,404,304  
Consumer44,294,400  9,617,301  624,248  1,795,064  56,331,013  
Commercial Business16,140,592  5,486,393  301,462  305,742  22,234,189  
Commercial Real Estate230,810,756  56,025,352  14,285,015  2,429,782  303,550,905  
Total$367,920,287  $75,741,228  $16,366,527  $8,492,369  $468,520,411  

The following tables present an age analysis of past due balances by loan category at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
June 30, 2020
 
30-59 Days
Past Due
 
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or
More Past Due
 
Total Past
Due
 
 
Current
 
Total Loans
Receivable
Residential Real Estate$—  $107,237  $1,233,577  $1,340,814  $83,523,567  $84,864,381  
Consumer312,743  8,504  95,369  416,616  57,818,690  58,235,306  
Commercial Business79,696  26,902  932  107,530  23,896,257  24,003,787  
Commercial Real Estate2,019,784  364,649  754,100  3,138,533  308,836,917  311,975,450  
PPP—  —  —  —  72,672,428  72,672,428  
Total$2,412,223  $507,292  $2,083,978  $5,003,493  $546,747,859  $551,751,352  
December 31, 2019
 
30-59 Days
Past Due
 
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or More Past Due
 
Total Past
Due
 
 
Current
 
Total Loans
Receivable
Residential Real Estate$—  $355,290  $144,209  $499,499  $85,904,805  $86,404,304  
Consumer422,443  217,542  81,736  721,721  55,609,292  56,331,013  
Commercial Business147,959  76,515  20,316  244,790  21,989,399  22,234,189  
Commercial Real Estate3,849,424  —  1,352,716  5,202,140  298,348,765  303,550,905  
Total$4,419,826  $649,347  $1,598,977  $6,668,150  $461,852,261  $468,520,411  
8.    Loans Receivable, Net, Continued

At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company did not have any loans that were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest. The Company's strategy is to work with its borrowers to reach acceptable payment plans while protecting its interests in the existing collateral.  In the event an acceptable arrangement cannot be reached, the Company may have to acquire these properties through foreclosure or other means and subsequently sell, develop, or liquidate them.

The following table shows non-accrual loans by category at June 30, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019:
 June 30, 2020December 31, 2019Increase (Decrease)
 Amount
Percent (1)
Amount
Percent (1)
$%
Non-accrual Loans:      
Residential Real Estate$2,393,501  0.4 %$1,520,485  0.3 %$873,016  57.4%
Consumer402,084  0.1  319,280  0.1  82,804  25.9
Commercial Business120,042  —  122,605  —  (2,563) (2.1)
Commercial Real Estate864,409  0.2  1,474,036  0.3  (609,627) (41.4)
Total Non-accrual Loans$3,780,036  0.7 %$3,436,406  0.7 %$343,630  10.0%

(1) PERCENT OF TOTAL LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT, NET OF DEFERRED FEES AND LOANS IN PROCESS.

The following tables show the activity in the allowance for loan losses by category for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
 Residential
Real Estate
 
Consumer
Commercial
Business
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Total
Beginning Balance$1,470,338  $1,328,285  $612,718  $6,460,497  $9,871,838  
Provision for Loan Losses61,866  26,726  27,013  584,395  700,000  
Charge-Offs—  (55,886) —  —  (55,886) 
Recoveries600  18,609  —  141,110  160,319  
Ending Balance$1,532,804  $1,317,734  $639,731  $7,186,002  $10,676,271  
 Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
 Residential
Real Estate
 
Consumer
Commercial
Business
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Total
Beginning Balance$1,390,594  $1,210,849  $544,764  $6,079,367  $9,225,574  
Provision for Loan Losses141,010  168,670  130,015  960,305  1,400,000  
Charge-Offs—  (102,993) (35,048) —  (138,041) 
Recoveries1,200  41,208  —  146,330  188,738  
Ending Balance$1,532,804  $1,317,734  $639,731  $7,186,002  $10,676,271  
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
 Residential
Real Estate
 
Consumer
Commercial
Business
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Total
Beginning Balance$1,147,670  $1,121,205  $991,982  $5,537,698  $8,798,555  
Provision for Loan Losses(23,308) 69,702  (95,635) 49,241  —  
Charge-Offs—  (135,286) —  (28,079) (163,365) 
Recoveries1,450  36,706  496  79,697  118,349  
Ending Balance$1,125,812  $1,092,327  $896,843  $5,638,557  $8,753,539  
8.    Loans Receivable, Net, Continued
 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
 Residential
Real Estate
 
Consumer
Commercial
Business
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Total
Beginning Balance$1,191,443  $1,203,593  $923,600  $5,853,081  $9,171,717  
Provision for Loan Losses(35,958) 74,508  (40,189) 101,639  100,000  
Charge-Offs(34,599) (265,480) (1,132) (428,164) (729,375) 
Recoveries4,926  79,706  14,564  112,001  211,197  
Ending Balance$1,125,812  $1,092,327  $896,843  $5,638,557  $8,753,539  

The following tables present information related to impaired loans evaluated individually and collectively for impairment in the allowance for loan losses at the dates indicated:
 Allowance For Loan Losses
June 30, 2020Individually Evaluated For
Impairment
Collectively Evaluated For
Impairment
 
Total
Residential Real Estate$—  $1,532,804  $1,532,804  
Consumer—  1,317,734  1,317,734  
Commercial Business—  639,731  639,731  
Commercial Real Estate—  7,186,002  7,186,002  
Total$—  $10,676,271  $10,676,271  
 Allowance For Loan Losses
December 31, 2019Individually Evaluated For
Impairment
Collectively Evaluated For
Impairment
 
Total
Residential Real Estate$—  $1,390,594  $1,390,594  
Consumer—  1,210,849  1,210,849  
Commercial Business—  544,764  544,764  
Commercial Real Estate—  6,079,367  6,079,367  
Total$—  $9,225,574  $9,225,574  

The following tables present information related to impaired loans evaluated individually and collectively for impairment in loans receivable at the dates indicated:
 Loans Receivable
June 30, 2020Individually Evaluated For
Impairment
Collectively Evaluated For
Impairment
 
Total
Residential Real Estate$1,816,520  $83,047,861  $84,864,381  
Consumer176,522  58,058,784  58,235,306  
Commercial Business55,446  23,948,341  24,003,787  
Commercial Real Estate1,502,437  310,473,013  311,975,450  
PPP—  72,672,428  72,672,428  
Total$3,550,925  $548,200,427  $551,751,352  

Because the SBA guarantees 100% of the PPP loans made to eligible borrowers, and the entire principal amount of these loans, including any accrued interest, is eligible to be forgiven and repaid by the SBA; PPP loans are excluded from our allowance for loan losses calculation.
8.    Loans Receivable, Net, Continued
 Loans Receivable
December 31, 2019Individually Evaluated For
Impairment
Collectively Evaluated For
Impairment
 
Total
Residential Real Estate$1,086,433  $85,317,871  $86,404,304  
Consumer184,402  56,146,611  56,331,013  
Commercial Business64,406  22,169,783  22,234,189  
Commercial Real Estate1,894,642  301,656,263  303,550,905  
Total$3,229,883  $465,290,528  $468,520,411  

Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. Once a loan is identified as individually impaired management measures the impairment and records the loan at fair value. Fair value is estimated using one of the following methods: fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell, discounted cash flows, or market value of the loan based on similar debt. The fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell is the most frequently used method. Typically, the Company reviews the most recent appraisal and, if it is over 24 months old, will request a new third party appraisal. Depending on the particular circumstances surrounding the loan, including the location of the collateral, the date of the most recent appraisal and the value of the collateral relative to the recorded investment in the loan, management may order an independent appraisal immediately or, in some instances, may elect to perform an internal analysis. The average balance of impaired loans was $3.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $4.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019.

The following tables present information related to impaired loans by loan category at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. There was no allowance recorded related to any impaired loans at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Impaired LoansRecorded
Investment
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
Related
Allowance
Recorded
Investment
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance
With No Related Allowance Recorded:
Residential Real Estate$1,816,520  $1,816,520  $—  $1,086,433  $1,086,433  $—  
Consumer 176,522  184,822  —  184,402  192,702  —  
Commercial Business55,446  950,446  —  64,406  959,406  —  
Commercial Real Estate1,502,437  1,674,657  —  1,894,642  2,066,862  —  
Total$3,550,925  $4,626,445  $—  $3,229,883  $4,305,403  $—  
8.    Loans Receivable, Net, Continued
Three Months Ended June 30,
20202019
Impaired LoansAverage
Recorded
Investment
Interest
Income
Recognized
Average
Recorded
Investment
Interest
Income
Recognized
With No Related Allowance Recorded:
Residential Real Estate$1,826,881  $11,835  $1,157,380  $—  
Consumer178,355  —  137,233  —  
Commercial Business61,366  —  73,606  —  
Commercial Real Estate1,836,782  18,232  2,481,028  14,085  
With an Allowance Recorded:  
Consumer—  —  71,554  —  
Commercial Real Estate—  —  996,990  —  
Total
Residential Real Estate1,826,881  11,835  1,157,380  —  
Consumer178,355  —  208,787  —  
Commercial Business61,366  —  73,606  —  
Commercial Real Estate1,836,782  18,232  3,478,018  14,085  
Total$3,903,384  $30,067  $4,917,791  $14,085  
Six Months Ended June 30,
20202019
Impaired LoansAverage
Recorded
Investment
Interest
Income
Recognized
Average
Recorded
Investment
Interest
Income
Recognized
With No Related Allowance Recorded:
Residential Real Estate$1,837,270  $13,030  $1,347,984  $—  
Consumer 180,340  —  982,404  —  
Commercial Business62,669  —  75,149  —  
Commercial Real Estate1,856,463  33,792  2,866,245  28,332  
With an Allowance Recorded:
  
Consumer—  —  72,072  —  
Commercial Real Estate—  —  1,181,152  —  
Total
Residential Real Estate1,837,270  13,030  1,347,984  —  
Consumer180,340  —  1,054,476  —  
Commercial Business62,669  —  75,149  —  
Commercial Real Estate1,856,463  33,792  4,047,397  28,332  
Total$3,936,742  $46,822  $6,525,006  $28,332  
8.    Loans Receivable, Net, Continued

In the course of resolving delinquent loans, the Company may choose to restructure the contractual terms of certain loans. A troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") is a restructuring in which the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to a borrower that it would not otherwise consider (Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC Topic 310-40).  The concessions granted on TDRs generally include terms to reduce the interest rate, extend the term of the debt obligation, or modify the payment structure on the debt obligation. The Company grants such concessions to reassess the borrower’s financial status and develop a plan for repayment.  
At the date of modification, TDRs are initially classified as nonaccrual TDRs. TDR loans are returned to accruing status when there is economic substance to the restructuring, there is documented credit evaluation of the borrower's financial condition, the remaining balance is reasonably assured of repayment in accordance with its modified terms, and the borrower has demonstrated sustained repayment performance in accordance with the modified terms for a reasonable period of time (generally a minimum of six months).
TDRs included in impaired loans at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 had a combined balance of $774,000 and $825,000, respectively, and the Company had no commitments at these dates to lend additional funds on these loans. There were no new TDRs modified during the six months ended June 30, 2020 or 2019 and there were no TDRs in default at those dates. The Bank considers any loan 30 days or more past due to be in default.
The Company's policy with respect to accrual of interest on loans restructured as a TDR follows relevant supervisory guidance.  That is, if a borrower has demonstrated performance under the previous loan terms and shows capacity to perform under the restructured loan terms, continued accrual of interest at the restructured interest rate is probable. If a borrower was materially delinquent on payments prior to the restructuring but shows capacity to meet the restructured loan terms, the loan will likely continue as nonaccrual going forward.  Lastly, if the borrower does not perform under the restructured terms, the loan is placed on nonaccrual status.
The Company closely monitors these loans and will cease accruing interest on them if management believes that the borrowers may not continue performing based on the restructured note terms.  If, after previously being classified as a TDR, a loan is restructured a second time, then that loan is automatically placed on nonaccrual status.  The Company's policy with respect to nonperforming loans requires the borrower to make a minimum of six consecutive payments in accordance with the modified loan terms before that loan can be placed back on accrual status.  Further, the borrower must demonstrate the capacity to continue making payments on the loan prior to restoration of accrual status.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of 2020 ("CARES Act") signed into law on March 27, 2020, amended GAAP with respect to the modification of loans to borrowers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Among other criteria, this guidance provided that short-term loan modifications made on a good faith basis to borrowers who were current as defined under the CARES Act prior to any relief, are not TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g. six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. To qualify as an eligible loan under the CARES Act, a loan modification must be 1) related to COVID-19; 2) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and 3) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of A) 60 days after the date of termination of the national emergency by the President or B) December 31, 2020. On March 22, 2020, federal banking regulators issued an interagency statement that included similar guidance on their approach for the accounting of loan modifications in light of the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that provides that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are not TDRs. See Footnote 11 – Accounting and Reporting Changes.

As of June 30, 2020 the Bank had approved 324 loan modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic with an outstanding loan balance, net of deferred fees, totaling $110.6 million, which consisted of deferral of regularly scheduled principal and interest payments for three to six months. The majority of these modifications ($104.0 million) have been for commercial real estate loans. Loan modifications in accordance with the CARES Act and related banking agency regulatory guidance are still subject to an evaluation in regards to determining whether or not a loan is deemed to be impaired.