Regulatory Matters

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Banking and Thrift [Abstract]

Regulatory Matters

Regulatory Matters

As a state-chartered, federally insured commercial bank, the Bank is subject to the regulatory capital requirements established by the FDIC. Under the FDIC’s capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to total average assets (as defined), and minimum ratios of Tier 1 total capital (as defined) and common equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital to risk-weighted assets (as defined). Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by bank regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2015 (with some changes transitioned into full effectiveness over two to four years), the Bank became subject to new regulatory capital requirements. The new minimum requirements are a ratio of CET1 capital to total risk-weighted assets (the "CET1 risk-based ratio") of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0%, a total capital ratio of 8.0%, and a leverage ratio of 4.0%. In addition to the minimum CET1, Tier 1 and total capital ratios, the Bank is required to maintain a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional CET1 capital above the required minimum levels in order to avoid limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses based on percentages of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions. This new capital conservation buffer requirement began to be phased in starting in January 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and will increase each year until fully implemented in January 2019.

In addition to the capital requirements, there are a number of changes in what constitutes regulatory capital, subject to transition periods. These changes include the phasing-out of certain instruments as qualifying capital. The Bank does not have any of these instruments. Mortgage servicing rights and deferred tax assets over designated percentages of CET1 will be deducted from capital, subject to a transition period ending December 31, 2017. CET1 consists of Tier 1 capital less all capital components that are not considered common equity. In addition, Tier 1 capital includes accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which includes all unrealized gains and losses on available for sale debt and equity securities, subject to a transition period ending December 31, 2017. Because of the Bank's asset size, it was not considered an advanced approaches banking organization and has elected to permanently opt-out of the inclusion of unrealized gains and losses on available for sale debt and equity securities in its capital calculations.

The new requirements also include changes in the risk-weighting of assets to better reflect credit risk and other risk exposure. These include a 150% risk weight (up from 100%) for certain high volatility commercial real estate acquisition, development and construction loans and for non-residential mortgage loans that are 90 days or more past due or otherwise on non-accrual status; a 20% (up from 0%) credit conversion factor for the unused portion of a commitment with an original maturity of one year or less that is not unconditionally cancellable; and a 250% risk weight (up from 100%) for mortgage servicing rights and deferred tax assets that are not deducted from capital.

Under the new standards, in order to be considered well-capitalized, the Bank must have a CET1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.5% (new), a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% (increased from 6.0%), a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% (unchanged) and a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio of 5.0% (unchanged). As of December 31, 2016, the Bank was categorized as well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.

The Company is a bank holding company registered with the Federal Reserve. Bank holding companies are subject to capital adequacy requirements of the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and the regulations of the Federal Reserve. For a bank holding company with less than $1.0 billion in assets, the capital guidelines apply on a bank only basis and the Federal Reserve expects the holding company's subsidiary banks to be well-capitalized under the prompt corrective action regulations. If Security Federal Corporation was subject to regulatory guidelines for bank holding companies with $1.0 billion or more in assets, at December 31, 2016, it would have exceeded all regulatory capital requirements.

(15)         Regulatory Matters, Continued

The Company and the Bank’s regulatory capital amounts and ratios were as follows as of the dates indicated:

	Actual				For Capital Adequacy				To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
	(Dollars in Thousands)
December 31, 2016
SECURITY FEDERAL CORP.
Tier 1 Risk-Based Core Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	$	73,787	16.6	%	$	26,714	6.0	%	N/A		N/A
Total Risk-Based Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	79,383		17.8	%	35,618		8.0	%	N/A		N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	68,787		15.4	%	20,035		4.5	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (To Adjusted Tangible Assets)	73,787		9.1	%	32,548		4.0	%	N/A		N/A
SECURITY FEDERAL BANK
Tier 1 Risk-Based Core Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	$	88,139	19.8	%	$	26,694	6.0	%	$	35,592	8.0	%
Total Risk-Based Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	93,735		21.1	%	35,592		8.0	%	44,490		10.0	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	88,139		19.8	%	20,021		4.5	%	28,919		6.5	%
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (To Adjusted Tangible Assets)	88,139		10.8	%	32,587		4.0	%	40,734		5.0	%
December 31, 2015
SECURITY FEDERAL CORP.
Tier 1 Risk-Based Core Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	$	84,672	21.7	%	$	23,429	6.0	%	N/A		N/A
Total Risk-Based Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	95,429		24.4	%	31,239		8.0	%	N/A		N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	63,504		16.3	%	17,572		4.5	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (To Adjusted Tangible Assets)	84,672		10.6	%	31,811		4.0	%	N/A		N/A
SECURITY FEDERAL BANK
Tier 1 Risk-Based Core Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	$	87,728	22.5	%	$	23,440	6.0	%	$	31,254	8.0	%
Total Risk-Based Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	92,653		23.7	%	31,254		8.0	%	39,067		10.0	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	87,728		22.5	%	17,580		4.5	%	25,394		6.5	%
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (To Adjusted Tangible Assets)	87,728		11.0	%	31,801		4.0	%	39,751		5.0	%

The FDIC also has authority to establish individual minimum capital requirements in appropriate cases upon a determination that an institution's capital level is or may become inadequate in light of particular risks or circumstances. Management of the Company and the Bank believe that, under the current regulations, the Company and the Bank will continue to meet their minimum capital requirements in the foreseeable future.