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Share-Based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Share-Based Compensation [Abstract] 
Share-Based Compensation
8. Share-Based Compensation

Stock Option Activity

A summary of our stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 is as follows (in thousands):

 

                 
    Stock
     Options    
    Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
 

Outstanding at December 31, 2010

    3,323     $ 16.45  

Granted

    894     $ 15.98  

Exercised

    (262   $ 9.90  

Canceled

    (3   $ 17.04  
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Outstanding at September 30, 2011

    3,952     $ 16.78  
   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     

Exercisable at September 30, 2011

    2,719     $ 17.00  
   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     

Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2011

    3,896     $     16.78  
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

There were 894,000 stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2011, which had an estimated weighted- average grant date fair value of approximately $6.00. The aggregate intrinsic value of our stock options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 was $194,000 and $3.2 million, respectively, and the actual tax benefit realized on options exercised during these periods was $76,000 and $1.2 million, respectively.

Calculation of Fair Value

The fair value of our options is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. We amortize the fair value of our options on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The following assumptions were used to determine the preliminary fair value of those options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2011:

 

         

Expected volatility (1)

    41.6%  

Weighted-average volatility (1)

    42.0%  

Expected dividends

    0.0%  

Expected term

    4.85 years  

Risk-free rate (2)

    0.94%  

 

(1) 

We estimated the volatility of our common stock on the date of grant based on using both historical and implied volatilities.

 

(2) 

The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield in effect at the time of option grant on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with equivalent remaining terms.

At September 30, 2011 there was $5.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to our stock options. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.7 years.

The compensation cost that has been charged against income for stock options for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 was $347,000 and $414,000, respectively. The corresponding income tax benefit recognized was $136,000 and $161,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

The compensation cost that has been charged against income for stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 was $1.0 million and $2.2 million, respectively. The corresponding income tax benefit recognized was $407,000 and $872,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Nonvested Stock Activity

During the nine months ended September 30, 2011 we granted 1,225,046 shares of nonvested common stock, 1,130,000 of which were granted to certain of our executives and contain performance conditions. The performance-based awards provide that the number of shares that will ultimately vest will be between 0% and 100% of the total shares granted, based on the attainment of certain performance targets. Assuming continued service through each vesting date, these awards will vest in four equal annual installments beginning June 2012 through June 2015.

Total compensation cost charged against income related to nonvested stock awards was $3.7 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The corresponding income tax benefit recognized in the income statement was $1.5 million and $476,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Total compensation cost charged against income related to nonvested stock awards was $5.6 million and $5.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The corresponding income tax benefit recognized in the income statement was $2.2 million and $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

At September 30, 2011, there was $25.8 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to these nonvested shares, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.5 years. A summary of our nonvested stock activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 is as follows:

 

                 
        Shares         Grant Date
Weighted-
Average Fair
Value
Per Share
 

Outstanding at December 31, 2010

    686,511     $ 26.16  

Granted

    1,225,046     $ 20.00  

Vested

    (334,370   $ 28.84  

Forfeited/Canceled

    (2,275   $ 30.35  
   

 

 

         

Outstanding at September 30, 2011

    1,574,912     $     20.80