-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, BwIRfkwztd+Mv38CYT8+Jx4u8XOZKhPHaxaqY1RrnE5+AhQQiwvVlElI0RWLsOSa UreKla4EVGzGN9GnTtLT/w== 0000950129-06-005208.txt : 20060509 0000950129-06-005208.hdr.sgml : 20060509 20060509171735 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000950129-06-005208 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-Q PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 5 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20060331 FILED AS OF DATE: 20060509 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20060509 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: VCA ANTECH INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000817366 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: AGRICULTURE SERVICES [0700] IRS NUMBER: 954097995 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-Q SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-16783 FILM NUMBER: 06822273 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 12401 WEST OLYMPIC BOULEVARD CITY: LOS ANGELES STATE: CA ZIP: 90064-1022 BUSINESS PHONE: 310-584-65 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 12401 WEST OLYMPIC BOULEVARD CITY: LOS ANGELES STATE: CA ZIP: 90064-1022 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: VETERINARY CENTERS OF AMERICA INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19940328 10-Q 1 v20164e10vq.htm VCA ANTECH, INC. - 3/31/2006 e10vq
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
     
þ   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2006
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number: 001-16783
 
VCA ANTECH, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  95-4097995
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
12401 West Olympic Boulevard
Los Angeles, California 90064-1022

(Address of principal executive offices)
(310) 571-6500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: common stock, $0.001 par value 83,083,505 shares as of May 5, 2006.
 
 

 


 

VCA ANTECH, INC.
FORM 10-Q
MARCH 31, 2006
TABLE OF CONTENTS
             
        Page
        Number
  Financial Information        
 
           
  Financial Statements (Unaudited)        
 
           
 
  Condensed, Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005     1  
 
           
 
  Condensed, Consolidated Income Statements for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 and 2005     2  
 
           
 
  Condensed, Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 and 2005     3  
 
           
 
  Notes to Condensed, Consolidated Financial Statements     4  
 
           
  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations     12  
 
           
  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk     25  
 
           
  Controls and Procedures     25  
 
           
  Other Information        
 
           
  Legal Proceedings     26  
 
           
  Risk Factors     26  
 
           
  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds     26  
 
           
  Defaults Upon Senior Securities     26  
 
           
  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders     26  
 
           
  Other Information     26  
 
           
  Exhibits     26  
 
           
 
  Signature     27  
 
           
 
  Exhibit Index     28  
 Exhibit 4.1
 Exhibit 31.1
 Exhibit 31.2
 Exhibit 32.1

 


Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
VCA ANTECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED, CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except par value)
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2006     2005  
ASSETS
Current assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 32,180     $ 58,488  
Trade accounts receivable, less allowance for uncollectible accounts of $10,173 and $9,409 at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively
    36,773       36,104  
Inventory
    17,309       17,856  
Prepaid expenses and other
    10,507       9,867  
Deferred income taxes
    12,168       10,972  
Prepaid income taxes
    2,314       12,337  
 
           
Total current assets
    111,251       145,624  
Property and equipment, less accumulated depreciation and amortization of $97,680 and $93,305 at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively
    150,600       143,781  
Other assets:
               
Goodwill
    603,191       586,444  
Other intangible assets, net
    10,674       10,735  
Deferred financing costs, net
    1,208       1,340  
Other
    9,994       9,149  
 
           
Total assets
  $ 886,918     $ 897,073  
 
           
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
               
Current portion of long-term obligations
  $ 5,667     $ 5,884  
Accounts payable
    19,561       20,718  
Accrued payroll and related liabilities
    21,771       25,201  
Accrued interest
    207       306  
Other accrued liabilities
    29,976       28,860  
 
           
Total current liabilities
    77,182       80,969  
Long-term obligations, less current portion
    409,046       446,828  
Deferred income taxes
    35,129       30,803  
Other liabilities
    13,476       19,775  
Minority interest
    9,923       9,947  
Commitments and contingencies
               
Preferred stock, par value $0.001, 11,000 shares authorized, none outstanding
           
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Common stock, par value $0.001, 175,000 shares authorized, 82,942 and 82,759 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively
    83       83  
Additional paid-in capital
    261,674       258,402  
Retained earnings
    78,716       49,057  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    1,689       1,209  
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity
    342,162       308,751  
 
           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 886,918     $ 897,073  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed, consolidated financial statements.

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VCA ANTECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED, CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 and 2005
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
                 
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2006     2005  
Revenue
  $ 234,180     $ 186,863  
Direct costs
    170,659       136,336  
 
           
Gross profit
    63,521       50,527  
Selling, general and administrative expense
    18,885       14,132  
Gain on sale of assets
    (118 )     (10 )
 
           
Operating income
    44,754       36,405  
Interest expense, net
    6,312       6,667  
Other (income) expense
    (66 )     64  
Minority interest in income of subsidiaries
    774       685  
 
           
Income before provision for income taxes
    37,734       28,989  
Provision for income taxes
    8,075       11,743  
 
           
Net income
  $ 29,659     $ 17,246  
 
           
 
               
Basic earnings per common share
  $ 0.36     $ 0.21  
 
           
Diluted earnings per common share
  $ 0.35     $ 0.21  
 
           
 
               
Shares used for computing basic earnings per share
    82,813       82,220  
 
           
Shares used for computing diluted earnings per share
    84,583       83,511  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed, consolidated financial statements.

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VCA ANTECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED, CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 and 2005
(Unaudited)

(In thousands)
                 
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2006     2005  
Cash flows from operating activities:
               
Net income
  $ 29,659     $ 17,246  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation and amortization
    5,422       4,342  
Amortization of debt costs
    132       209  
Provision for uncollectible accounts
    1,562       1,033  
Gain on sale of assets
    (118 )     (10 )
Share-based compensation
    776        
Minority interest in income of subsidiaries
    774       685  
Distributions to minority interest partners
    (798 )     (656 )
Deferred income taxes
    2,917       1,004  
Excess tax benefit from exercise of stock options
    (1,277 )      
Other
    (235 )     (248 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
Increase in accounts receivable
    (2,132 )     (3,771 )
Increase in inventory, prepaid expenses and other assets
    (222 )     (2,429 )
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities
    (6,479 )     2,059  
Increase (decrease) in accrued payroll and related liabilities
    (3,430 )     1,892  
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest
    (99 )     4,191  
Decrease in prepaid income taxes
    11,300       9,821  
 
           
Net cash provided by operating activities
    37,752       35,368  
 
           
Cash flows used in investing activities:
               
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
    (15,863 )     (14,322 )
Real estate acquired in connection with business acquisitions
    (1,779 )     (221 )
Property and equipment additions
    (7,860 )     (7,209 )
Proceeds from sale of assets
    286       92  
Other
    76       77  
 
           
Net cash used in investing activities
    (25,140 )     (21,583 )
 
           
Cash flows used in financing activities:
               
Repayment of long-term obligations
    (41,416 )     (3,414 )
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under stock option plans
    1,219       191  
Excess tax benefit from exercise of stock options
    1,277        
 
           
Net cash used in financing activities
    (38,920 )     (3,223 )
 
           
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (26,308 )     10,562  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    58,488       30,964  
 
           
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 32,180     $ 41,526  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed, consolidated financial statements.

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VCA ANTECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED, CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2006
(Unaudited)
1. General
          The accompanying unaudited condensed, consolidated financial statements of our company, VCA Antech, Inc. and subsidiaries, have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for annual financial statements as permitted under applicable rules and regulations. In the opinion of our management, all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2006 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. For further information, refer to our consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our 2005 annual report on Form 10-K.
2. Acquisitions
          During the three months ended March 31, 2006, we acquired eight animal hospitals, one of which was merged into an existing animal hospital operated by us. The following table summarizes the aggregate consideration, including acquisition costs, paid by us for those animal hospitals acquired during the three months ended March 31, 2006 and the allocation of the purchase price (in thousands):
         
Consideration:
       
Cash
  $ 14,934  
Notes payable and other liabilities assumed
    4,244  
 
     
Total
  $ 19,178  
 
     
 
       
Purchase Price Allocation:
       
Goodwill (1)
  $ 16,234  
Identifiable intangible assets
    800  
Tangible assets
    2,144  
 
     
Total
  $ 19,178  
 
     
 
(1)   We expect that $12.4 million of the goodwill recorded for these acquisitions as of March 31, 2006 will be fully deductible for income tax purposes.
     Other Acquisition Payments
          We paid $930,000 to sellers for the unused portion of holdbacks during the three months ended March 31, 2006.

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3. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
          Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the net of the amounts assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of our goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2006 (in thousands):
                                 
            Animal     Medical        
    Laboratory     Hospital     Equipment     Total  
Balance as of December 31, 2005
  $ 94,246     $ 473,038     $ 19,160     $ 586,444  
Goodwill acquired
          16,234             16,234  
Other (1)
          534             534  
Goodwill related to sale of animal hospital
          (21 )           (21 )
 
                       
Balance as of March 31, 2006
  $ 94,246     $ 489,785     $ 19,160     $ 603,191  
 
                       
 
(1)   Comprised of purchase price adjustments.
          In addition to goodwill, we have amortizable intangible assets at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 as follows (in thousands):
                                                 
    As of March 31, 2006     As of December 31, 2005  
    Gross             Net     Gross             Net  
    Carrying     Accumulated     Carrying     Carrying     Accumulated     Carrying  
    Amount     Amortization     Amount     Amount     Amortization     Amount  
Covenants not-to-compete
  $ 11,573     $ (5,164 )   $ 6,409     $ 11,145     $ (4,970 )   $ 6,175  
Non-contractual customer relationships
    3,368       (982 )     2,386       3,235       (701 )     2,534  
Technology
    1,270       (377 )     893       1,270       (314 )     956  
Trademarks
    569       (85 )     484       569       (70 )     499  
Contracts
    397       (155 )     242       397       (129 )     268  
Client lists
    465       (205 )     260       461       (158 )     303  
 
                                   
Total
  $ 17,642     $ (6,968 )   $ 10,674     $ 17,077     $ (6,342 )   $ 10,735  
 
                                   
     The following table summarizes our aggregate amortization expense related to other intangible assets (in thousands):
                 
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2006     2005  
Aggregate amortization expense
  $ 860     $ 804  
 
           
          The estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets for each of the five succeeding years and thereafter as of March 31, 2006 is as follows (in thousands):
         
Remainder of 2006
  $ 2,449  
2007
    2,972  
2008
    2,341  
2009
    1,298  
2010
    563  
Thereafter
    1,051  
 
     
Total
  $ 10,674  
 
     

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4. Share-Based Compensation Plans
     Stock Incentive Plans
          We have two existing stock incentive plans, the Amended and Restated 1996 Plan and the 2001 Stock Incentive Plan, or the Existing Plans. As of March 31, 2006, there were 5,896,724 shares subject to outstanding options granted under the Existing Plans, or Prior Outstanding Options, and there were an additional 383,000 shares that were available for grant under the Existing Plans but which were not the subject of outstanding options or other awards, or Available Shares. On March 7, 2006, our Board of Directors adopted our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan and amended and restated the Existing Plans to provide that if the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan is approved by our shareholders, no additional awards may be granted under the Existing Plans. No awards may be granted under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan unless it is approved by our shareholders. The maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan to our employees, directors and consultants and those of our affiliates is (a) 6,000,000 newly authorized shares of common stock; plus (b) the 383,000 Available Shares under the Existing Plans; and (c) any shares of common stock underlying Prior Outstanding Options that expire, are forfeited, cancelled or terminate for any reason without having been exercised in full.
          Options granted under the Existing Plans vest over periods that range from immediate to four years, with the majority vesting over periods from three to four years, and the majority expiring seven or ten years from the date of grant. Those options that vested immediately were issued in 2005 and include restrictions on the sale of the shares underlying the options.
     Adoption of SFAS No. 123R
          Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for our share-based payments under the intrinsic value method as prescribed in Accounting Principles Board, or APB, Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees. Under that method, when options are granted with a strike price equal to or greater than market price on date of issuance, there is no impact on earnings either on the date of grant or thereafter, absent modification to the options. Accordingly, we recognized no share-based compensation expense in periods prior to January 1, 2006.
          Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 123R, Share-Based Payment. SFAS No. 123R requires us to measure the cost of share-based payments to employees, including stock options, based on the grant date fair value and to recognize the cost over the requisite service period, which is typically the vesting period. We adopted SFAS No. 123R using the modified prospective transition method, which requires us to recognize compensation expense for share-based payments granted or modified on or after January 1, 2006. Additionally, we are required to recognize compensation expense for the fair value of unvested share-based awards at January 1, 2006 over the remaining requisite service period. Operating results from prior periods have not been restated.

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          In accordance with SFAS No. 123R, we recognized share-based employee compensation of $776,000 and a related tax benefit of $285,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2006. The effect of adopting SFAS No. 123R on our condensed, consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2006 is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
         
    Three Months  
    Ended  
    March 31, 2006  
Share-based employee compensation:
       
Laboratory direct cost
  $ 160  
Laboratory selling, general and administrative expense
    128  
Animal hospital selling, general and administrative expense
    215  
Corporate selling, general and administrative expense
    273  
 
     
 
    776  
Tax benefit
    (285 )
 
     
Net decrease in net income
  $ 491  
 
     
 
       
Effect on:
       
Basic earnings per common share
  $ (0.01 )
 
     
Diluted earnings per common share
  $ (0.01 )
 
     
 
       
Effect on:
       
Cash flows from operating activities
  $ (1,277 )
 
     
Cash flows from financing activities
  $ 1,277  
 
     
          No share-based employee compensation was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2005, however, the following table presents net income and earnings per common share as if we had recognized share-based employee compensation (in thousands, except per share amounts):
         
    Three Months  
    Ended  
    March 31, 2005  
Net income, as reported
  $ 17,246  
Deduct: Total share-based employee compensation determined under fair-value based method for all awards, net of tax
    (2,303 )
 
     
Pro forma net income
  $ 14,943  
 
     
 
       
Earnings per common share:
       
Basic — as reported
  $ 0.21  
Basic — Pro forma
  $ 0.18  
 
       
Diluted — as reported
  $ 0.21  
Diluted — Pro forma
  $ 0.18  
          Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 123R, we presented all tax benefits resulting from the exercise of stock options as cash provided by operating activities on our condensed, consolidated statements of cash flows. SFAS No. 123R requires the cash flows resulting from the tax benefits in excess of the compensation expense recorded for those options to be classified as cash provided by financing activities. As such, the $1.3 million excess tax benefit classified as a financing activity on our condensed, consolidated statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2006 would have been recognized as an operating activity if we had not adopted SFAS No. 123R.

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     Calculation of Fair Value
          The fair value of our options is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. We amortize the fair value of our options on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The following assumptions were used to determine the fair value of those options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2005:
         
Risk-free interest rate (1)
    4.1 %
Dividend yield
    0.0 %
Expected volatility (2)
    39.5 %
Weighted-average fair value
  $ 7.98  
Expected term (3)
  5 years
 
(1)   The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield in effect at the time of option grant on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with equivalent remaining terms.
 
(2)   We estimate the volatility of our common stock on the date of grant based on historical volatility.
 
(3)   The expected term represents the period of time that we expect the options to be outstanding. We estimated the expected term based on the history of grants and exercises.
          No options were granted during the three months ended March 31, 2006.
          We use historical data to estimate pre-vesting option forfeitures. We recognize share-based employee compensation only for those awards that we expect to vest.
     Stock Option Activity
          A summary of our stock option activity for all share-based compensation plans during the three months ended March 31, 2006 is as follows (in thousands, except weighted average exercise price and weighted average remaining contractual term):
                                 
                    Weighted        
                    Average        
            Weighted     Remaining        
            Average     Contractual     Aggregate  
            Exercise     Term     Intrinsic  
    Shares     Price     (Years)     Value  
Options outstanding at January 1, 2006
    6,090     $ 14.58                  
Granted
                           
Exercised
    (183 )     6.67                  
Canceled
    (10 )     3.23                  
 
                           
Options outstanding at March 31, 2006
    5,897     $ 14.85       5.8     $ 80,392  
 
                       
 
                               
Options exercisable at March 31, 2006
    4,575     $ 15.07       5.9     $ 61,345  
 
                       
          The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2006 was $4.0 million.
          At March 31, 2006, there was $4.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under our stock incentive plans. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years.
5. Long-Term Obligations
          During the three months ended March 31, 2006, we prepaid $40.0 million of our senior term notes.

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6. Income Taxes
          In prior periods we recognized liabilities for differences between the probable tax bases and the as-filed tax bases of certain assets and liabilities. These amounts were recorded in other liabilities in our condensed, consolidated balance sheets and at December 31, 2005 totaled $6.8 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2006, we determined that these differences were no longer probable due to a favorable outcome of an income tax audit and recognized a tax benefit of $6.8 million.
7. Calculation of Earnings per Common Share
          Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding after giving effect to all potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Basic and diluted earnings per common share were calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
                 
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2006     2005  
Net income
  $ 29,659     $ 17,246  
 
           
 
               
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
               
Basic
    82,813       82,220  
Effect of dilutive potential common shares:
               
Stock options
    1,770       1,291  
 
           
Diluted
    84,583       83,511  
 
           
 
               
Basic earnings per common share
  $ 0.36     $ 0.21  
 
           
Diluted earnings per common share
  $ 0.35     $ 0.21  
 
           
8. Lines of Business
          We have four reportable segments: Laboratory, Animal Hospital, Medical Technology and Corporate. These segments are strategic business units that have different products, services and/or functions. The segments are managed separately because each is a distinct and different business venture with unique challenges, rewards and risks. The Laboratory segment provides diagnostic laboratory testing services for veterinarians, both associated with our animal hospitals and those independent of us. The Animal Hospital segment provides veterinary services for companion animals and sells related retail and pharmaceutical products. The Medical Technology segment sells ultrasound and digital radiography equipment, related computer hardware, software and ancillary services to the veterinary market. The Corporate segment provides selling, general and administrative support services for the other segments.
          The accounting policies of our segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies included in our 2005 annual report on Form 10-K. We evaluate the performance of our segments based on gross profit. For purposes of reviewing the operating performance of the segments, all intercompany sales and purchases are accounted for as if they were transactions with independent third parties at current market prices.

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          Below is a summary of certain financial data for each of our segments (in thousands):
                                                 
            Animal     Medical             Intercompany        
    Laboratory     Hospital     Technology     Corporate     Eliminations     Total  
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006
                                               
External revenue
  $ 56,126     $ 170,523     $ 7,531     $     $     $ 234,180  
Intersegment revenue
    5,411             461             (5,872 )      
 
                                   
Total revenue
    61,537       170,523       7,992             (5,872 )     234,180  
Direct costs
    32,987       137,926       5,490             (5,744 )     170,659  
 
                                   
Gross profit
    28,550       32,597       2,502             (128 )     63,521  
Selling, general and administrative expense
    4,094       4,823       2,651       7,317             18,885  
Loss (gain) on sale of assets
    10       (128 )                       (118 )
 
                                   
Operating income (loss)
  $ 24,446     $ 27,902     $ (149 )   $ (7,317 )   $ (128 )   $ 44,754  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 1,072     $ 3,528     $ 401     $ 452     $ (31 )   $ 5,422  
Capital expenditures
  $ 770     $ 6,730     $ 47     $ 440     $ (127 )   $ 7,860  
 
                                               
Three Months Ended March 31, 2005
                                               
External revenue
  $ 49,310     $ 133,354     $ 4,199     $     $     $ 186,863  
Intersegment revenue
    4,129             285             (4,414 )      
 
                                   
Total revenue
    53,439       133,354       4,484             (4,414 )     186,863  
Direct costs
    29,570       107,619       3,445             (4,298 )     136,336  
 
                                   
Gross profit
    23,869       25,735       1,039             (116 )     50,527  
Selling, general and administrative expense
    3,365       3,703       1,567       5,497             14,132  
Gain on sale of assets
          (10 )                       (10 )
 
                                   
Operating income (loss)
  $ 20,504     $ 22,042     $ (528 )   $ (5,497 )   $ (116 )   $ 36,405  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 902     $ 2,744     $ 299     $ 397     $     $ 4,342  
Capital expenditures
  $ 1,681     $ 3,881     $ 120     $ 1,832     $ (305 )   $ 7,209  
 
                                               
At March 31, 2006
                                               
Total assets
  $ 156,156     $ 637,706     $ 44,903     $ 51,036     $ (2,883 )   $ 886,918  
 
                                   
At December 31, 2005
                                               
Total assets
  $ 146,902     $ 614,492     $ 47,114     $ 90,977     $ (2,412 )   $ 897,073  
 
                                   
9. Commitments and Contingencies
          We have certain commitments, including operating leases and supply purchase agreements, incidental to the ordinary course of our business. These items are discussed in detail in our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2005 annual report on Form 10-K. We also have contingencies, which are discussed below.
     a. Earn-out Payments
          We have contractual arrangements in connection with certain acquisitions, whereby additional cash may be paid to former owners of acquired companies upon attainment of specified financial criteria as set forth in the respective agreements. The amount to be paid cannot be determined until the earn-out periods expire and the attainment of criteria is established. If the specified financial criteria are attained, we will be obligated to make cash payments of $162,500 in 2006.

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     b. Officers’ Compensation
          Each of our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer has entered into employment agreements with our company. The agreements provide for a base salary and annual bonuses set by our Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
          As of any given date, unless any of those agreements are sooner terminated pursuant to their respective provisions, the Chief Executive Officer has five years remaining under the term of his employment agreement, the Chief Operating Officer has three years remaining under the term of his employment agreement, and the Chief Financial Officer has two years remaining under the term of his employment agreement. In addition, these employment agreements provide for certain payments in the event an officer’s employment with our company is terminated.
          In the event any of these officers’ employment is terminated due to death or disability, each officer, or their estate, is entitled to receive the remaining base salary during the remaining scheduled term of his employment agreement, the acceleration of the vesting of his options, which options shall remain exercisable for the full term, and the right to continue receiving specified benefits and perquisites.
          In the event any of these officers terminate their employment agreements for cause, we terminate any of their employment agreements without cause or a change of control occurs (in which case such employment agreements terminate automatically), each officer is entitled to receive the remaining base salary during the remaining scheduled term of his employment agreement, a bonus based on past amounts, the acceleration of the vesting of his options, which options shall remain exercisable for the full term, and the right to continue receiving specified benefits and perquisites.
          In the event of a change of control, in which case all of these employment agreements would terminate simultaneously, collective cash payments would be made to these officers. In addition, if any of the amounts payable to these officers under these provisions constitute “excess parachute payments” under the Internal Revenue Code, each officer is entitled to an additional payment to cover the tax consequences associated with excess parachute payments.
          Our Senior Vice President of Development’s employment agreement expired September 2004 and his employment with us continues at-will. Pursuant to a letter agreement between our Senior Vice President and our company, in the event our Senior Vice President’s employment is terminated for any reason other than cause, that officer is entitled to receive an amount equal to one year’s base salary in effect at the date of termination and the right to continue receiving specified benefits and perquisites. Our Senior Vice President’s base salary and annual bonus is set by our Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
     c. Other Contingencies
          We have certain contingent liabilities resulting from litigation and claims incidental to the ordinary course of our business. We believe that the probable resolution of such contingencies will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
10. Reclassifications
          Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the 2006 financial statement presentation.
11. Subsequent Events
          From April 1, 2006 through May 8, 2006, we acquired four animal hospitals and one laboratory, which was merged into an existing laboratory, for an aggregate consideration of $12.5 million, consisting of $12.1 million in cash and the assumption of liabilities of $375,000.

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ITEM 2.   MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
     
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  13
 
   
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Introduction
          The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed, consolidated financial statements provided under Part I, Item I of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. We have included herein statements that constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We generally identify forward-looking statements in this report using words like “believe,” “intend,” “expect,” “estimate,” “may,” “plan,” “should plan,” “project,” “contemplate,” “anticipate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” or similar expressions. You may find some of these statements below and elsewhere in this report. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts and are inherently uncertain and outside of our control. Any or all of our forward-looking statements in this report may turn out to be wrong. They can be affected by inaccurate assumptions we might make or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Many factors mentioned in our discussion in this report will be important in determining future results. Consequently, no forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. Actual future results may vary materially. Factors that may cause our plans, expectations, future financial condition and results to change are described throughout this report and in our annual report on Form 10-K, particularly in “Risk Factors,” Part I, Item 1A of that report.
          The forward-looking information set forth in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q is as of May 8, 2006, and we undertake no duty to update this information. Shareholders and prospective investors can find information filed with the SEC after May 8, 2006 at our website at www.investor.vcaantech.com or at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
          We are a leading animal healthcare services company operating in the United States. We provide veterinary services and diagnostic testing to support veterinary care and we sell diagnostic imaging equipment and other medical technology products and related services to veterinarians. We have four reportable segments:
          Laboratory. We operate the largest network of veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the nation. Our laboratories provide sophisticated testing and consulting services used by veterinarians in the detection, diagnosis, evaluation, monitoring, treatment and prevention of diseases and other conditions affecting animals. At March 31, 2006, our laboratory network consisted of 31 laboratories serving all 50 states.
          Animal hospitals. We operate the largest network of freestanding, full-service animal hospitals in the nation. Our animal hospitals offer a full range of general medical and surgical services for companion animals. We treat diseases and injuries, offer pharmaceutical products and perform a variety of pet wellness programs, including health examinations, diagnostic testing, routine vaccinations, spaying, neutering and dental care. At March 31, 2006, our animal hospital network consisted of 373 animal hospitals in 37 states.
          Medical technology. We sell ultrasound and digital radiography imaging equipment, related computer hardware, software and ancillary services.
          Corporate. We provide selling, general and administrative support for our other segments.
          The practice of veterinary medicine is subject to seasonal fluctuation. In particular, demand for veterinary services is significantly higher during the warmer months because pets spend a greater amount of time outdoors where they are more likely to be injured and are more susceptible to disease and parasites. In addition, use of veterinary services may be affected by levels of flea infestation, heartworm, ticks and the number of daylight hours.
Executive Overview
          We experienced strong operating results for the first quarter of 2006. Our revenue increased 25.3% compared to the same period in the prior year to $234.2 million and our consolidated gross profit margin increased to 27.1% compared to 27.0% in the first quarter of 2005. Our consolidated operating margin was 19.1% compared to 19.5% in the comparable prior year quarter. As expected, our consolidated margins were impacted by the 27.9% increase in animal hospital revenue, which have lower margins than our laboratory segment. The significant increase in animal hospital revenue is attributed to recent acquisitions, including Pet’s Choice, Inc., or Pet’s Choice, on July 1, 2005 and same-store growth. Our consolidated margins were also impacted by the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 123R, Share-Based Payment, on January 1, 2006, which resulted in a non-cash compensation charge of $776,000.

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     Acquisitions and Facilities
          Our growth strategy includes the acquisition of 20 to 25 independent animal hospitals per year with aggregate annual revenues of approximately $30.0 million to $35.0 million. In addition, we also evaluate the acquisition of animal hospital chains, laboratories or related businesses if favorable opportunities are presented. In accordance with our strategy, we acquired eight independent animal hospitals during the three months ended March 31, 2006.
          Our laboratory network consisted of 31 laboratories at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005. The following table summarizes our animal hospital facilities growth and animal hospital closures during the three months ended March 31, 2006:
         
Animal hospitals:
       
Facilities at December 31, 2005
    367  
Acquisitions
    8  
Acquisitions relocated into hospitals operated by us
    (1 )
Sold or closed
    (1 )
 
       
Facilities at March 31, 2006
    373  
 
       
Results of Operations
          The following is a summary of the operating results for each of our segments (in thousands):
                                                 
                                    Inter-        
            Animal     Medical             company        
    Laboratory     Hospital     Technology     Corporate     Eliminations     Total  
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006
                                               
Revenue
  $ 61,537     $ 170,523     $ 7,992     $     $ (5,872 )   $ 234,180  
Direct costs
    32,987       137,926       5,490             (5,744 )     170,659  
 
                                   
Gross profit
    28,550       32,597       2,502             (128 )     63,521  
Selling, general and administrative expense
    4,094       4,823       2,651       7,317             18,885  
Loss (gain) on sale of assets
    10       (128 )                       (118 )
 
                                   
Operating income (loss)
  $ 24,446     $ 27,902     $ (149 )   $ (7,317 )   $ (128 )   $ 44,754  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 1,072     $ 3,528     $ 401     $ 452     $ (31 )   $ 5,422  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Three Months Ended March 31, 2005
                                               
Revenue
  $ 53,439     $ 133,354     $ 4,484     $     $ (4,414 )   $ 186,863  
Direct costs
    29,570       107,619       3,445             (4,298 )     136,336  
 
                                   
Gross profit
    23,869       25,735       1,039             (116 )     50,527  
Selling, general and administrative expense
    3,365       3,703       1,567       5,497             14,132  
Gain on sale of assets
          (10 )                       (10 )
 
                                   
Operating income (loss)
  $ 20,504     $ 22,042     $ (528 )   $ (5,497 )   $ (116 )   $ 36,405  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 902     $ 2,744     $ 299     $ 397     $     $ 4,342  
 
                                   

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          The following table sets forth components of our condensed, consolidated income statements expressed as a percentage of revenue:
                 
    Three Months Ended
    March 31,
    2006   2005
Revenue:
               
Laboratory
    26.3 %     28.6 %
Animal hospital
    72.8       71.4  
Medical technology
    3.4       2.4  
Intercompany
    (2.5 )     (2.4 )
 
               
Total revenue
    100.0       100.0  
Direct costs
    72.9       73.0  
 
               
Gross profit
    27.1       27.0  
Selling, general and administrative expense
    8.0       7.5  
 
               
Operating income
    19.1       19.5  
Interest expense, net
    2.7       3.6  
Minority interest in income of subsidiairies
    0.3       0.4  
 
               
Income before provision for income taxes
    16.1       15.5  
Provision for income taxes
    3.4       6.3  
 
               
Net income
    12.7 %     9.2 %
 
               
Revenue
     The following table summarizes our revenue (in thousands, except percentages):
                                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
            % of             % of        
    2006     Total     2005     Total     % Change  
Laboratory
  $ 61,537       26.3 %   $ 53,439       28.6 %     15.2 %
Animal hospital
    170,523       72.8 %     133,354       71.4 %     27.9 %
Medical technology
    7,992       3.4 %     4,484       2.4 %     78.2 %
Intercompany
    (5,872 )     (2.5 )%     (4,414 )     (2.4 )%     33.0 %
 
                                   
Total revenue
  $ 234,180       100.0 %   $ 186,863       100.0 %     25.3 %
 
                                   
     Laboratory Revenue
          Laboratory revenue increased $8.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The components of the increase in laboratory revenue are detailed below (in thousands, except percentages and average price per requisition):
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2006     2005     % Change  
Laboratory Revenue:
                       
Number of requisitions
    2,624       2,263       16.0 %
Average revenue per requisition (1)
  $ 23.45     $ 23.61       (0.7 )%
 
                   
Total
  $ 61,537     $ 53,439       15.2 %
 
                   
 
(1)   Computed by dividing total internal revenue by the number of requisitions.
          The increase in requisitions from internal growth is the result of a continued trend in veterinary medicine to focus on the importance of laboratory diagnostic testing in the diagnosis, early detection and treatment of diseases.

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This trend is driven by an increase in the number of specialists in the veterinary industry relying on diagnostic testing, the increased focus on diagnostic testing in veterinary schools and general increased awareness through ongoing marketing and continuing education programs provided by us, pharmaceutical companies and other service providers in the industry.
          The change in the average revenue per requisition is attributable to changes in the mix, type and number of tests performed per requisition and price increases. The price increases for most tests ranged from 3% to 5% in both February 2006 and February 2005.
     Animal Hospital Revenue
          Animal hospital revenue increased $37.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The components of the increase are summarized in the following table (in thousands, except percentages and average price per order):
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2006     2005     % Change  
Animal Hospital Revenue:
                       
Same-store facilities:
                       
Orders (1)
    1,057       1,087       (2.8 )%
Average revenue per order (2)
  $ 129.45     $ 119.63       8.2 %
 
                   
Same-store revenue (1)
  $ 136,939     $ 129,994       5.3 %
Business day adjustment (3)
    1,667                
Net acquired revenue (4)
    31,917       3,360          
 
                   
Total
  $ 170,523     $ 133,354       27.9 %
 
                   
 
(1)   Same-store revenue and orders were calculated using animal hospital operating results, adjusted to exclude the operating results for the newly acquired animal hospitals that we did not own a full 12 months from the beginning of the applicable quarter and adjusted for the impact resulting from any differences in the number of business days in the periods presented. Same-store revenue also includes revenue generated by customers referred from our relocated or combined animal hospitals, including those merged upon acquisition.
 
(2)   Computed by dividing same-store revenue by same-store orders.
 
(3)   The business day adjustment reflects the impact of one additional business day for the three months ended March 31, 2006 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2005.
 
(4)   Net acquired revenue represents the revenue from those animal hospitals acquired, net of revenue from those animal hospitals sold or closed, on or after the beginning of the comparable period, which was January 1, 2005 for the above analysis. Fluctuations in net acquired revenue occur due to the volume, size and timing of acquisitions and disposals during the periods from this date through the end of the applicable period.
          Over the last few years, some pet-related products, including prescription medications, traditionally sold at animal hospitals have become more widely available in retail stores and other distribution channels, and, as a result, we have fewer customers coming to our animal hospitals solely to purchase those items. In addition, there has been a decline in the number of vaccinations as some recent professional literature and research has suggested that vaccinations can be given to pets less frequently. Our business strategy continues to place a greater emphasis on comprehensive wellness visits and advanced medical procedures, which typically generate higher-priced orders. These trends have resulted in a decrease in the number of orders and an increase in the average revenue per order.
          Price increases, which approximated 5% to 6% on services at most hospitals in February 2006 and February 2005, also contributed to the increase in the average revenue per order. Prices are reviewed on an annual basis for each hospital and adjustments are made based on market considerations, demographics and our costs.

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     Medical Technology Revenue
          Medical technology revenue was $8.0 million and $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The increase in medical technology revenue was attributed to sales of our digital radiography imaging equipment, which was first introduced by our medical technology segment in 2004. Also contributing to the increase in medical technology revenue was that effective July 1, 2005, we began recognizing revenue on sales of our digital radiography imaging equipment, computer hardware and software at the time of customer acceptance if installation is required, or delivery, as discussed under Critical Accounting Policies. Prior to July 1, 2005, we recognized all elements in sales of our digital radiography imaging equipment over the period of the post-contract customer support services, which was generally one year.
          At March 31, 2006, we had deferred revenue of $8.8 million, $7.5 million of which related to sales of our digital radiography imaging equipment.
     Intercompany Revenue
          For the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, $5.4 million and $4.1 million of our laboratory revenue was intercompany revenue that was generated by providing laboratory services to our animal hospitals. For the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, $461,000 and $285,000 of our medical technology revenue was intercompany revenue that was generated by providing products and services to our animal hospitals. For purposes of reviewing the operating performance of our business segments, all intercompany transactions are accounted for as if they were conducted with an independent third party at current market prices. For financial reporting purposes, intercompany transactions are eliminated as part of our consolidation.
     Gross Profit
          The following table summarizes our gross profit and our gross profit as a percentage of applicable revenue, or gross profit margin (in thousands, except percentages):
                                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2006     2005        
            Gross             Gross        
            Profit             Profit     %  
    $     Margin     $     Margin     Change  
Laboratory
  $ 28,550       46.4 %   $ 23,869       44.7 %     19.6 %
Animal hospital
    32,597       19.1 %     25,735       19.3 %     26.7 %
Medical technology
    2,502       31.3 %     1,039       23.2 %     140.8 %
Intercompany
    (128 )             (116 )                
 
                                   
Total gross profit
  $ 63,521       27.1 %   $ 50,527       27.0 %     25.7 %
 
                                   
     Laboratory Gross Profit
          Laboratory gross profit is calculated as laboratory revenue less laboratory direct costs. Laboratory direct costs are comprised of all costs of laboratory services, including but not limited to, salaries of veterinarians, specialists, technicians and other laboratory-based personnel, facilities rent, occupancy costs, depreciation and amortization and supply costs.
          The increase in laboratory gross profit margin was primarily attributed to increases in laboratory revenue combined with operating leverage associated with our laboratory business. Our operating leverage comes from the incremental margins we realize on additional tests ordered by the same client, as well as when more comprehensive tests are ordered. We are able to benefit from these incremental margins due to the relative fixed cost nature of our laboratory business.

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     Animal Hospital Gross Profit
          Animal hospital gross profit is calculated as animal hospital revenue less animal hospital direct costs. Animal hospital direct costs are comprised of all costs of services and products at the animal hospitals, including, but not limited to, salaries of veterinarians, technicians and all other animal hospital-based personnel, facilities rent, occupancy costs, supply costs, depreciation and amortization, certain marketing and promotional expense, and costs of goods sold associated with the retail sales of pet food and pet supplies.
          Over the last several years we have acquired a significant number of animal hospitals, including 46 in connection with the acquisition of Pet’s Choice on July 1, 2005. Many of these newly acquired animal hospitals had lower gross profit margins at the time of acquisition than those previously operated by us. These lower gross profit margins were offset by improvements in animal hospital revenue, increased operating leverage and the favorable impact of our integration efforts.
     Medical Technology Gross Profit
          Medical technology gross profit is calculated as medical technology revenue less medical technology direct costs. Medical technology direct costs are comprised of all product and service costs, including, but not limited to, all costs of equipment, related products and services, salaries of technicians, support personnel, trainers, consultants and other non-administrative personnel, depreciation and amortization, and supply costs.
          The increase in medical technology gross profit margins was primarily the result of a change in the mix of products and services sold.
          At March 31, 2006, we had deferred revenue and costs of $8.8 million and $3.9 million, respectively. Included in these amounts at March 31, 2006 was $7.5 million of deferred revenue and $3.9 million of deferred costs related to sales of our digital radiography imaging equipment.
     Selling, General and Administrative Expense
          The following table summarizes our selling, general and administrative expense, or SG&A, and our expense as a percentage of applicable revenue (in thousands, except percentages):
                                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2006     2005        
            % of             % of     %  
    $     Revenue     $     Revenue     Change  
Laboratory
  $ 4,094       6.7 %   $ 3,365       6.3 %     21.7 %
Animal hospital
    4,823       2.8 %     3,703       2.8 %     30.2 %
Medical technology
    2,651       33.2 %     1,567       34.9 %     69.2 %
Corporate
    7,317       3.1 %     5,497       2.9 %     33.1 %
 
                                   
Total SG&A
  $ 18,885       8.1 %   $ 14,132       7.6 %     33.6 %
 
                                   
     Laboratory SG&A
          Laboratory SG&A consists primarily of salaries of sales, customer support, administrative and accounting personnel, selling, marketing and promotional expense.
          The increase in laboratory SG&A was primarily attributed to increasing our sales force and marketing efforts, recognizing share-based compensation as a result of adopting SFAS No. 123R on January 1, 2006 and commission payments as a result of an increase in revenue.
     Animal Hospital SG&A
          Animal hospital SG&A consists primarily of salaries of field management, certain administrative and accounting personnel, recruiting and certain marketing expense.

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          The increase in animal hospital SG&A was primarily attributed to expanding the animal hospital administrative operations to absorb the recent acquisitions, including Pet’s Choice, and recognizing share-based compensation as a result of adopting SFAS No. 123R on January 1, 2006.
     Medical Technology SG&A
          Medical technology SG&A consists primarily of salaries of sales, customer support, administrative and accounting personnel, selling, marketing and promotional expense and research and development costs.
          The increase in Medical Technology SG&A was primarily attributed to increasing our sales force and administrative support, and commission payments as a result of an increase in revenue.
     Corporate SG&A
          Corporate SG&A consists of administrative expense at our headquarters, including the salaries of corporate officers, administrative and accounting personnel, rent, accounting, finance, legal and other professional expense, occupancy costs and corporate depreciation.
          The increase in Corporate SG&A was primarily attributed to expanding the corporate operations to absorb the recent acquisitions, including Pet’s Choice, and recognizing share-based compensation as a result of adopting SFAS No. 123R on January 1, 2006.
Interest Expense, Net
          The following table summarizes our interest expense, net of interest income (in thousands):
                 
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2006     2005  
Interest expense:
               
Senior term notes
  $ 6,414     $ 2,420  
9.875% senior subordinated notes
          4,197  
Interest rate hedging agreements
    (201 )     (94 )
Capital leases and other
    413       209  
Amortization of debt costs
    132       209  
 
           
 
    6,758       6,941  
Interest income
    446       274  
 
           
Total interest expense, net of interest income
  $ 6,312     $ 6,667  
 
           
          The change in interest expense was primarily attributed to our debt refinancing transactions, which we discuss in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of our 2005 annual report on Form 10-K, and changes in LIBOR.
Provision for Income Taxes
          Our effective tax rate was 21.4% and 40.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2006 includes a tax benefit in the amount of $6.8 million, or 18.0% of income before provision for income taxes, due to a favorable outcome of an income tax audit that resulted in a change to our estimated tax liabilities. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2006 also reflects a lower weighted-average state statutory tax rate when compared to the comparable prior year quarter due to a favorable shift in the number of facilities that we operated in states with lower tax rates or no state income tax. We estimate that our effective tax rate for the remaining quarters of 2006 will approximate 39.4%.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
          The following table summarizes our cash flows (in thousands):
                 
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2006     2005  
Cash provided by (used in):
               
Operating activities
  $ 37,752     $ 35,368  
Investing activities
    (25,140 )     (21,583 )
Financing activities
    (38,920 )     (3,223 )
 
           
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (26,308 )     10,562  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
    58,488       30,964  
 
           
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 32,180     $ 41,526  
 
           
     Cash Flows from Operating Activities
          Net cash provided by operating activities increased $2.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2006 as compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to improved operating performance and acquisitions. These factors contributing to an increase in operating cash flows were partially offset by an increase in interest paid of $4.2 million and a use of working capital.
          On a prospective basis, we anticipate cash flow from operating activities to continue growing in line with increases in operating income resulting from improved operating performance and acquisitions. However, we also anticipate that operating cash flow may be negatively impacted by an increase in cash paid for interest as a result of possible future increases in interest rates. Significant increases in interest rates may materially impact our operating cash flows because of the variable-rate nature of our senior term notes.
     Cash Flows used in Investing Activities
          Net cash used in investing activities primarily consisted of cash used for the acquisition of animal hospitals and expenditures for property and equipment.
          Depending upon the attractiveness of the candidates and the strategic fit with our existing operations, we intend to acquire approximately 20 to 25 independent animal hospitals per year with aggregate annual revenues of approximately $30.0 million to $35.0 million. In addition, we also evaluate the acquisition of animal hospital chains, laboratories or related businesses if favorable opportunities are presented. In accordance with that strategy, we acquired Pet’s Choice, which operated 46 animal hospitals, on July 1, 2005. In addition, we acquired Sound Technologies, Inc., a supplier of ultrasound and digital imaging radiography equipment and related computer hardware, software and services to the veterinary industry, on October 1, 2004, and we acquired National PetCare Centers, Inc., which operated 67 animal hospitals, on June 1, 2004. We intend to primarily use cash in our acquisitions but, depending on the timing and amount of our acquisitions, we may use stock or debt. For the remainder of 2006, we also intend to spend approximately $32.0 to $37.0 million for property and equipment.
     Cash Flows from Financing Activities
          Net cash used in financing activities primarily consisted of cash used to repay our long-term obligations, including $40.0 million to prepay a portion of our senior term notes during the three months ended March 31, 2006.

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Future Cash Requirements
          The following table sets forth the scheduled principal, interest and other contractual cash obligations due by us for each of the years indicated (in thousands):
                                                         
    Total     2006 (1)     2007     2008     2009     2010     Thereafter  
Long-term debt
  $ 398,721     $ 3,563     $ 5,580     $ 4,384     $ 4,082     $ 4,083     $ 377,029  
Capital lease obligations
    15,992       766       1,040       1,070       1,144       1,283       10,689  
Operating leases
    512,723       22,623       29,409       29,060       28,422       28,017       375,192  
Fixed cash interest expense
    7,635       1,069       1,257       1,329       1,069       767       2,144  
Variable cash interest expense(2)
    150,917       21,207       28,939       29,030       29,688       30,327       11,726  
Swap agreements (2)
    (5,067 )     (1,879 )     (2,365 )     (823 )                  
Purchase obligations
    51,581       10,859       7,651       8,383       8,942       9,744       6,002  
Other long-term liabilities (3)
    42,418             65       65       65             42,223  
Earn-out payments (4)
    163       163                                
 
                                         
 
  $ 1,175,083     $ 58,371     $ 71,576     $ 72,498     $ 73,412     $ 74,221     $ 825,005  
 
                                         
 
(1)   Consists of the period from April 1, 2006 through December 31, 2006.
 
(2)   We have variable-rate debt. The interest payments on our variable-rate debt are based on a variable-rate component plus a fixed 1.50%. For purposes of this computation, we have assumed that the interest rate on our variable-rate debt (including the fixed rate portion) will be 7.2%, 7.4%, 7.5%, 7.8%, 8.0% and 8.3% for years 2006 through thereafter, respectively. These estimates are based on interest rate projections used to price our interest rate swap agreements. Our consolidated financial statements included in our 2005 annual report on Form 10-K discuss these variable-rate notes in more detail.
 
(3)   Includes deferred income taxes of $35.1 million.
 
(4)   Represents contractual arrangements whereby additional cash may be paid to former owners of acquired businesses upon attainment of specified performance targets.
          We anticipate that our cash on-hand, net cash provided by operations and, if needed, our revolving credit facility will provide sufficient cash resources to fund our operations for more than the next 12 months. If we consummate one or more significant acquisitions during this period we may need to seek additional debt or equity financing.
     Debt Related Covenants
          Our senior credit facility contains certain financial covenants pertaining to fixed charge coverage and leverage ratios. In addition, the senior credit facility has restrictions pertaining to capital expenditures, acquisitions and the payment of cash dividends. In particular, the covenants limit our acquisition spending, without a waiver, to $75.0 million per year plus up to $20.0 million of any unused amount from the previous year. As of March 31, 2006, we were in compliance with these covenants, including the two covenant ratios, the fixed charge coverage ratio and the leverage ratio.
          The senior credit facility defines the fixed charge coverage ratio as that ratio which is calculated on a last 12-month basis by dividing pro forma earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as defined by the agreement, by fixed charges. Pro forma earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization include 12 months of operating results for businesses acquired during the period. Fixed charges are defined as cash interest expense, scheduled principal payments on debt obligations, capital expenditures, and provision for income taxes. At March 31, 2006, we had a fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.78 to 1.00, which was in compliance with the required ratio of no less than 1.20 to 1.00.
          The senior credit facility defines the leverage ratio as that ratio which is calculated as total debt divided by pro forma earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as defined by the agreement. At March 31, 2006, we had a leverage ratio of 2.15 to 1.00, which was in compliance with the required ratio of no more than 3.00 to 1.00.

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     Interest Rate Hedging Agreements
          We have swap agreements whereby we pay counterparties amounts based on fixed interest rates and set notional principal amounts in exchange for the receipt of payments from the counterparties based on London interbank offer rates, or LIBOR, and the same set notional principal amounts. We entered into these swap agreements to hedge against the risk of increasing interest rates. The contracts effectively convert a certain amount of our variable-rate debt under our senior credit facility to fixed rate debt for purposes of controlling cash paid for interest. That amount is equal to the notional principal amount of the swap agreements, and the fixed rate conversion period is equal to the terms of the contract. The impact of these swap agreements has been factored into our future contractual cash requirements table above. A summary of the swap agreements existing at March 31, 2006 is as follows:
                         
Fixed interest rate
    4.07 %     3.98 %     3.94 %
Notional amount
  $50.0 million   $50.0 million   $50.0 million
Effective date
    5/26/2005       6/2/2005       6/30/2005  
Expiration date
    5/26/2008       5/31/2008       6/30/2007  
Counterparties
  Goldman Sachs   Wells Fargo   Wells Fargo
Qualifies for hedge accounting
  Yes   Yes   Yes
          In the future, we may enter into additional interest rate strategies to take advantage of favorable current rate environments. We have not yet determined what those strategies will be or their possible impact.
     Description of Indebtedness
     Senior Credit Facility
          At March 31, 2006, we had $395.6 million principal amount outstanding under our senior term notes and no borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility.
          We pay interest on our senior term notes and our revolving credit facility based on the interest rate offered to our administrative agent on LIBOR plus a margin of 1.50% per annum.
          The senior term notes mature in May 2011 and the revolving credit facility matures in May 2010.
     Other Debt
          At March 31, 2006, we had seller notes secured by assets of certain animal hospitals, unsecured debt and capital leases that totaled $19.1 million.
Critical Accounting Policies
          We believe that the application of the following accounting policies, which are important to our financial position and results of operations, requires significant judgments and estimates on the part of our management. For a summary of all our accounting policies, including the accounting policies discussed below, see our consolidated financial statements included in our 2005 annual report on Form 10-K.
     Revenue
     Laboratory and Animal Hospital Revenue
     We recognize laboratory and animal hospital revenue only after the following criteria are met:
    there exists adequate evidence of the transaction;
 
    delivery of goods has occurred or services have been rendered; and
 
    the price is not contingent on future activity and collectibility is reasonably assured.

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     Medical Technology Revenue
          The majority of our medical technology revenue is derived from the sale of ultrasound imaging equipment and digital radiography equipment. We also derive revenue from: (i) licensing our software; (ii) providing technical support and product updates related to our software, otherwise known as maintenance; and (iii) providing professional services related to our equipment and software, including installations, on-site training and education services. We frequently sell equipment and license our software in multiple element arrangements in which the customer may choose a combination of one or more of the following elements: (i) ultrasound imaging equipment; (ii) digital radiography imaging equipment; (iii) software products; (iv) computer hardware; (v) maintenance; and (vi) professional services.
          The accounting for the sale of equipment is substantially governed by the requirements of Staff Accounting Bulletin, SAB, No. 104, Revenue Recognition, and the sale of software licenses and related items is governed by Statement of Position, SOP, No. 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, as amended. The determination of the amount of software license, maintenance and professional service revenue to be recognized in each accounting period requires us to exercise judgment and use estimates. In determining whether or not to recognize revenue, we evaluate each of these criteria:
    Evidence of an arrangement: We consider a non-cancelable agreement signed by the customer and us to be evidence of an arrangement.
 
    Delivery: We consider delivery to have occurred when the ultrasound imaging equipment is delivered. We consider delivery to have occurred when the digital radiography imaging equipment is either accepted by the customer if installation is required, or delivered. We consider delivery to have occurred with respect to professional services when those services are provided or on a straight-line basis over the service contract term, based on the nature of the service or the terms of the contract.
 
    Fixed or determinable fee: We assess whether fees are fixed or determinable at the time of sale and recognize revenue if all other revenue recognition requirements are met. We generally consider payments that are due within six months to be fixed or determinable based upon our successful collection history. We only consider fees to be fixed or determinable if they are not subject to refund or adjustment.
 
    Collection is deemed probable: We conduct a credit review for all significant transactions at the time of the arrangement to determine the credit worthiness of the customer. Collection is deemed probable if we expect that the customer will be able to pay amounts under the arrangement as payments become due. If we determine that collection is not probable, we defer the revenue and recognize the revenue upon cash collection.
          Under the residual method prescribed by SOP No. 98-9, Modification of SOP No. 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, With Respect to Certain Transactions, in multiple element arrangements involving software, revenue is recognized when vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value exists for all of the undelivered elements in the arrangement (i.e., maintenance and professional services), but does not exist for one or more of the delivered elements in the arrangement (i.e., the equipment, computer hardware or the software product). Vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value is based on the price for those products and services when sold separately by us and customer renewal rates for post-contract customer support services. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee is recognized as revenue. If evidence of the fair value of one or more undelivered elements does not exist, the revenue is deferred and recognized when delivery of those elements occurs. Each transaction requires careful analysis to ensure that all of the individual elements in the license transaction have been identified, along with the fair value of each element.
     Ultrasound Imaging Equipment
          We sell our ultrasound imaging equipment with and without related computer hardware and software. We account for the sale of ultrasound imaging equipment on a stand-alone basis under the requirements of SAB No. 104, and recognize revenue upon delivery. We account for the sale of ultrasound imaging equipment with related

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computer hardware and software by bifurcating the transaction into separate elements. We account for the ultrasound imaging equipment under the requirements of SAB No. 104, as the software is not deemed to be essential to the functionality of the equipment, and account for the computer hardware and software under the requirements of SOP No. 97-2, as amended. For those sales of our ultrasound imaging equipment that include computer hardware and software, we recognize revenue on the ultrasound imaging equipment, computer hardware and software upon delivery, which occurs simultaneously.
     Digital Radiography Equipment
          We sell our digital radiography imaging equipment with related computer hardware and software. The digital radiography equipment requires the computer hardware and software to function. As a result, we account for digital radiography imaging equipment sales under SOP No. 97-2.
          In the third quarter of 2005, we established vendor-specific objective evidence of the fair value of post-contract customer support services by including renewal rates in the sales contracts. As a result, we began recognizing revenue on the sales of digital radiography imaging equipment, computer hardware and software at the time of customer acceptance if installation is required, or delivery, and revenue from post-contract customer support services on a straight-line basis over the term of the support period. Prior to the third quarter of 2005, we recognized revenue on all elements in these arrangements ratably over the period of the post-contract customer support services, which was generally one year.
     Valuation of Goodwill
          Our goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the net of the amounts assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The total amount of our goodwill at March 31, 2006 was $603.2 million, consisting of $94.2 million for our laboratory segment, $489.8 million for our animal hospital segment and $19.2 million for our medical technology segment.
          Annually, and upon material changes in our operating environment, we test our goodwill for impairment by comparing the fair market value of our reporting units, laboratory, animal hospital and medical technology, to their respective net book value. At December 31, 2005 and 2004, the estimated fair market value of each of our reporting units exceeded their respective net book value, resulting in a conclusion that our goodwill was not impaired.
     Income Taxes
          We account for income taxes under SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. In accordance with SFAS No. 109, we record deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, which represent taxes to be recovered or settled in the future. We adjust our deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities to reflect changes in tax rates or other statutory tax provisions. Changes in tax rates or other statutory provisions are recognized in the period the change occurs.
          We make judgments in assessing our ability to realize future benefits from our deferred tax assets, which include operating and capital loss carryforwards. As such, we have a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets for the portion we believe will not be realized.
          We also assess differences between our probable tax bases and the as-filed tax bases of certain assets and liabilities. At December 31, 2005, we had a liability of $6.8 million recorded in other liabilities in our condensed, consolidated balance sheet related to such differences. During the three months ended March 31, 2006, we determined that these differences were no longer probable due to a favorable outcome of an income tax audit and recognized a tax benefit of $6.8 million. In addition, there are certain tax contingencies that represent a possible future payment but not a probable one. While we have not recognized a liability for these possible future payments, they may result in future cash payments and increase our tax provision.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
          Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based Payment. SFAS No. 123R requires us to measure the cost of share-based payments to employees including stock options, based on the grant date fair value and to recognize the cost over the requisite service period, which is typically the vesting period. Although the cost

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recognized as a result of adopting SFAS No. 123R is non-cash, our operating results, including our margins, net income, earnings per common share and operating cash flows, will be negatively impacted in future periods. See Note 4, Share-Based Compensation Plans, of our condensed, consolidated financial statements for a detailed discussion of our adoption of SFAS No. 123R.
Forward-Looking Statements
          This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results and the results of our consolidated subsidiaries to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. We generally identify forward-looking statements in this report using words like “believe,” “intend,” “expect,” “estimate,” “may,” “plan,” “should plan,” “project,” “contemplate,” “anticipate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” or similar expressions. You may find some of these statements in this report. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts and are inherently uncertain and outside of our control. Any or all of our forward-looking statements in this report may turn out to be wrong. They can be affected by inaccurate assumptions we might make or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Many factors mentioned in our discussion in this report will be important in determining future results. Consequently, no forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. Actual future results may vary materially. Factors that may cause our plans, expectations, future financial condition and results to change are described throughout this report and in our annual report on Form 10-K, particularly in Risk Factors, Part I, Item 1A of that report.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
          At March 31, 2006, we had borrowings of $395.6 million under our senior credit facility with fluctuating interest rates based on market benchmarks such as LIBOR. For our variable-rate debt, changes in interest rates generally do not affect the fair market value, but do impact earnings and cash flow. To reduce the risk of increasing interest rates, we enter into interest rate swap agreements. Currently, we are engaged in the following interest rate swap agreements:
                         
Fixed interest rate
    4.07 %     3.98 %     3.94 %
Notional amount
  $50.0 million   $50.0 million   $50.0 million
Effective date
    5/26/2005       6/2/2005       6/30/2005  
Expiration date
    5/26/2008       5/31/2008       6/30/2007  
Counterparties
  Goldman Sachs   Wells Fargo   Wells Fargo
Qualifies for hedge accounting
  Yes   Yes   Yes
          These swap agreements have the effect of reducing the amount of our debt exposed to variable interest rates. For the 12-month period ending March 31, 2007, for every 1.0% increase in LIBOR we will pay an additional $2.4 million in interest expense and for every 1.0% decrease in LIBOR we will save $2.4 million in interest expense.
          We may consider entering into additional interest rate strategies to take advantage of the current rate environment. We have not yet determined what those strategies may be or their possible impact.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
          As of the end of the period covered by this report, we have carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in timely alerting them to material information required to be included in our periodic reports filed with the SEC.
          During our most recent fiscal quarter, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
          Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well

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conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
          We are not subject to any legal proceedings other than ordinarily routine litigation incidental to the conduct of our business.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
          There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in our 2005 annual report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
          None
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
          None
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
          None
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
          None
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
  3.1   Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed May 1, 2006.
 
  4.1   2006 Equity Incentive Plan of VCA Antech, Inc.
 
  31.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
  31.2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
  32.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

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SIGNATURE
          Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on May 8, 2006.
     
Date: May 8, 2006
  By: /s/ Tomas W. Fuller                    
 
  Tomas W. Fuller
 
  Chief Financial Officer

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EXHIBIT INDEX
         
Exhibit No.   Description
  3.1    
Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed May 1, 2006.
       
 
  4.1    
2006 Equity Incentive Plan of VCA Antech, Inc.
       
 
  31.1    
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
       
 
  31.2    
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
       
 
  32.1    
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

28

EX-4.1 2 v20164exv4w1.htm EXHIBIT 4.1 exv4w1
 

Exhibit 4.1
VCA ANTECH, INC.
2006 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
     1. Purpose; Eligibility.
          1.1 General Purpose. The name of this plan is the VCA Antech, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). The purpose of the Plan is to enable VCA Antech, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and any Affiliate to obtain and retain the services of the types of Employees, Consultants and Directors who will contribute to the Company’s long range success and to provide incentives that are linked directly to increases in share value which will inure to the benefit of all stockholders of the Company.
          1.2 Eligible Award Recipients. The persons eligible to receive Awards are the Employees, Consultants and Directors of the Company and its Affiliates.
          1.3 Available Awards. The purpose of the Plan is to provide a means by which eligible recipients of Awards may be given an opportunity to benefit from increases in value of the Common Stock through the granting of one or more of the following Awards: (a) Incentive Stock Options, (b) Nonstatutory Stock Options, (c) Restricted Awards, (d) Performance Awards and (e) Stock Appreciation Rights.
     2. Definitions.
          2.1 “409A Award” means an Award that is considered “nonqualified deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code and Section 8 of this Plan.
          2.2 “Administrator” means the Board or the Committee appointed by the Board in accordance with Section 3.5.
          2.3 “Affiliate” means any parent corporation or subsidiary corporation of the Company, whether now or hereafter existing, as those terms are defined in Sections 424(e) and (f), respectively, of the Code.
          2.4 “Award” means any right granted under the Plan, including an Incentive Stock Option, a Nonstatutory Stock Option, a Restricted Award, a Performance Award, a Stock Appreciation Right and a 409A Award.
          2.5 “Award Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and a holder of an Award evidencing the terms and conditions of an individual Award grant. Each Award Agreement shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan.
          2.6 “Beneficial Owner” has the meaning assigned to such term in Rule 13d-3 and Rule 13d-5 under the Exchange Act, except that in calculating the beneficial ownership of any particular “person” (as that term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), such “person” shall be deemed to have beneficial ownership of all securities that such “person” has the right to acquire by conversion or exercise of other securities, whether such right is currently exercisable or is exercisable only after the passage of time. The terms “Beneficially Owns” and “Beneficially Owned” have a corresponding meaning.
         
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          2.7 “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.
          2.8 “Cashless Exercise” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.4.
          2.9 “Cause” means, (a) with respect to any Participant who is a party to an employment or service agreement or employment policy manual with the Company or its Affiliates and such agreement or policy manual provides for a definition of Cause, as defined therein and (b) with respect to all other Participants, (i) the commission of, or plea of guilty or no contest to, a felony or a crime involving moral turpitude or the commission of any other act involving willful malfeasance or material fiduciary breach with respect to the Company or an Affiliate, (ii) conduct tending to bring the Company into substantial public disgrace, or disrepute, (iii) gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to the Company or an Affiliate or (iv) material violation of state or federal securities laws. The Administrator, in its absolute discretion, shall determine the effect of all matters and questions relating to whether a Participant has been discharged for Cause.
          2.10 “Change in Control” shall mean:
               (a) The direct or indirect sale, transfer, conveyance or other disposition (other than by way of merger or consolidation), in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the properties or assets of the Company to any “person” (as that term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act);
               (b) The Incumbent Directors cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board;
               (c) The adoption of a plan relating to the liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or
               (d) Any “person” or “group” (as such terms are used in Section 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) becomes the Beneficial Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing more than 35% of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities eligible to vote for the election of the Board (the “Company Voting Securities”); or
               (e) The consummation of a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or similar form of corporate transaction involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that requires the approval of the Company’s stockholders, whether for such transaction or the issuance of securities in the transaction (a “Business Combination”), unless immediately following such Business Combination: (1) 65% or more of the total voting power of (i) the Surviving Corporation, or (ii) if applicable, the ultimate Parent Corporation that directly or indirectly has beneficial ownership of 100% of the voting securities eligible to elect directors of the Surviving Corporation, is represented by Company Voting Securities that were outstanding immediately prior to such Business Combination (or, if applicable, is represented by shares into which such Company Voting Securities were converted pursuant to such Business Combination), and such voting power among the holders thereof is in substantially the same proportion as the voting power of such Company Voting Securities among the holders thereof immediately prior to the Business Combination, (2) no person (other than any employee benefit plan (or related trust)
         
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sponsored or maintained by the Surviving Corporation or the Parent Corporation), is or becomes the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of more than 35% of the total voting power of the outstanding voting securities eligible to elect directors of the Parent Corporation (or, if there is no Parent Corporation, the Surviving Corporation) and (3) at least a majority of the members of the board of directors of the Parent Corporation (or if there is no Parent Corporation, the Surviving Corporation) following the consummation of the Business Combination were Incumbent Directors at the time of the Board’s approval of the execution of the initial agreement providing for such Business Combination (any Business Combination which satisfies all of the criteria specified in (1), (2) and (3) above shall be deemed to be a “Non-Qualifying Transaction”).
The foregoing notwithstanding, a transaction shall not constitute a Change in Control if (i) its sole purpose is to change the state of the Company’s incorporation or to create a holding company that will be owned in substantially the same proportions by the persons who held the Company’s securities immediately before such transaction; (ii) it constitutes a secondary public offering that results in any security of the Company being listed (or approved for listing) on any securities exchange or designated (or approved for designation) as a national market security on an interdealer quotation system; (iii) it constitutes a change in Beneficial Ownership that results from a change in ownership of an existing stockholder; or (iv) solely because 35% or more of the total voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities is acquired by (A) a trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under one or more employee benefit Plans of the Company or any Affiliate, or (B) any company which, immediately prior to such Business Combination, is owned directly or indirectly by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportion as their ownership of stock in the Company immediately prior to such acquisition.
          2.11 “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
          2.12 “Committee” means a committee of one or more members of the Board appointed by the Board to administer the Plan in accordance with Section 3.5.
          2.13 “Common Stock” means the common stock, $0.001 par value per share of the Company.
          2.14 “Company” means VCA Antech, Inc., a Delaware corporation.
          2.15 “Consultant” means any person, including an advisor, (a) engaged by the Company or an Affiliate to render consulting or advisory services and who is compensated for such services or who provides bona fide services to the Company or an Affiliate pursuant to a written agreement or (b) who is a member of the Board of Directors of an Affiliate; provided that, except as otherwise permitted in Section 5.4(b) hereof, such person is a natural person and such services are not in connection with the offer or sale of securities in a capital raising transaction and do not directly or indirectly promote or maintain a market for the Company’s securities.
          2.16 “Continuous Service” means that the Participant’s service with the Company or an Affiliate, whether as an Employee, Director or Consultant, is not interrupted or terminated. The Participant’s Continuous Service shall not be deemed to have terminated merely
         
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because of a change in the capacity in which the Participant renders service to the Company or an Affiliate as an Employee, Consultant or Director or a change in the entity for which the Participant renders such service, provided that there is no interruption or termination of the Participant’s Continuous Service. For example, a change in status from an Employee of the Company to a Consultant of an Affiliate or a Director will not constitute an interruption of Continuous Service. The Administrator or its delegate, in its sole discretion, may determine whether Continuous Service shall be considered interrupted in the case of any leave of absence approved by that party, including sick leave, military leave or any other personal or family leave of absence.
          2.17 “Covered Employee” means the chief executive officer and the four other highest compensated officers of the Company for whom total compensation is or would be required to be reported to stockholders under the Exchange Act, as determined for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code.
          2.18 “Date of Grant” means, provided the key terms and conditions of the Award are communicated to the Participant within a reasonable period of time following the Administrator’s action, the date on which the Administrator adopts a resolution, or takes other appropriate action, expressly granting an Award to a Participant that specifies the key terms and conditions of the Award and from which the Participant begins to benefit from or be adversely affected by subsequent changes in the Fair Market Value of the Company Common Stock or, if a different date is set forth in such resolution, or determined by the Administrator, as the Date of Grant, then such date as is set forth in such resolution. In any situation where the terms of the Award are subject to negotiation with the Participant, the Date of Grant shall not be earlier than the date the key terms and conditions of the Award are communicated to the Participant.
          2.19 “Detrimental Activity” means: (a) violation of the terms of any agreement with the Company concerning non-disclosure, confidentiality, intellectual property, privacy or exclusivity; (b) disclosure of the Company’s confidential information to anyone outside the Company, without prior written authorization from the Company, or in conflict with the interests of the Company, whether the confidential information was acquired or disclosed by the Participant during or after employment by the Company; (c) failure or refusal to disclose promptly or assign to the Company all right, title and interest in any invention, work product or idea, patentable or not, made or conceived by the Participant during employment by the Company, relating in any manner to the interests of the Company or, the failure or refusal to do anything reasonably necessary to enable the Company to secure a patent where appropriate in the United States and in other countries; (d) activity that is discovered to be grounds for or results in termination of the Participant’s employment for Cause; (e) any breach of a restrictive covenant contained in any employment agreement, Award Agreement or other agreement between the Participant and the Company, during any period for which a restrictive covenant prohibiting Detrimental Activity, or other similar conduct or act, is applicable to the Participant during or after employment by the Company; (f) any attempt directly or indirectly to induce any Employee of the Company to be employed or perform services or acts in conflict with the interests of the Company; (g) any attempt, in conflict with the interests of the Company, directly or indirectly, to solicit the trade or business of any current or prospective customer, client, supplier or partner of the Company; (h) the conviction of, or guilty plea entered by, the Participant for any felony or a crime involving moral turpitude whether or not connected with the Company; or (i) the
         
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the commission of any other act involving willful malfeasance or material fiduciary breach with respect to the Company.
          2.20 “Director” means a member of the Board.
          2.21 “Disability” means that the Optionholder is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment; provided, however, for purposes of determining the term of an Incentive Stock Option pursuant to Section 6.10 hereof, the term Disability shall have the meaning ascribed to it under Code Section 22(e)(3). The determination of whether an individual has a Disability shall be determined under procedures established by the Administrator. Except in situations where the Administrator is determining Disability for purposes of the term of an Incentive Stock Option pursuant to Section 6.10 hereof within the meaning of Code Section 22(e)(3), the Administrator may rely on any determination that a Participant is disabled for purposes of benefits under any long-term disability plan maintained by the Company or any Affiliate in which a Participant participates.
          2.22 “Effective Date” shall mean March 7, 2006, the date the Board adopted the Plan.
          2.23 “Employee” means any person employed by the Company or an Affiliate. Mere service as a Director or payment of a director’s fee by the Company or an Affiliate shall not be sufficient to constitute “employment” by the Company or an Affiliate.
          2.24 “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
          2.25 “Existing Plans” mean the VCA Antech, Inc. Amended and Restated 1996 Stock Incentive Plan and the VCA Antech, Inc. 2001 Stock Incentive Plan.
          2.26 “Fair Market Value” means, as of any date, the value of the Common Stock as determined below. The Fair Market Value on any date on which the Company’s shares of Common Stock are registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act and listed on the Nasdaq National Market shall be the closing price of a share of Common Stock on the Nasdaq National Market on such date, and thereafter (a) if the Common Stock is admitted to quotation on the over the counter market or any interdealer quotation system, the Fair Market Value on any given date shall not be less than the average of the highest bid and lowest asked prices of the Common Stock reported for such date or, if no bid and asked prices were reported for such date, for the last day preceding such date for which such prices were reported, (b) if the Common Stock is admitted to trading on a national securities exchange or the Nasdaq National Market or Nasdaq Small Cap Market, the Fair Market Value on any date shall not be less than the closing price reported for the Common Stock on such exchange or system for such date or, if no sales were reported for such date, for the last date preceding the date on which such a sale was reported or (c) in the absence of an established market for the Common Stock, the Fair Market Value determined in good faith by the Administrator and such determination shall be conclusive and binding on all persons.
          2.27 “Form S-8” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.4(b).
         
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          2.28 “Free Standing Rights” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.3(a).
          2.29 “Incentive Stock Option” means an Option intended to qualify as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
          2.30 “Incumbent Directors” means individuals who, on the Effective Date, constitute the Board, provided that any individual becoming a Director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election or nomination for election to the Board was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the Incumbent Directors then on the Board (either by a specific vote or by approval of the proxy statement of the Company in which such person is named as a nominee for Director without objection to such nomination) shall be an Incumbent Director. No individual initially elected or nominated as a director of the Company as a result of an actual or threatened election contest with respect to Directors or as a result of any other actual or threatened solicitation of proxies by or on behalf of any person other than the Board shall be an Incumbent Director.
          2.31 “Listing Date” means the first date upon which any security of the Company is listed (or approved for listing) upon notice of issuance on any securities exchange or designated (or approved for designation) upon notice of issuance as a national market security on an interdealer quotation system.
          2.32 “Market Stand-Off” has the meaning set forth in Section 15.
          2.33 “Nasdaq” means the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System, or any successor thereto.
          2.34 “Non-Employee Director” means a Director who is a “non-employee director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3.
          2.35 “Nonstatutory Stock Option” means an Option not intended to qualify as an Incentive Stock Option.
          2.36 “Officer” means (a) before the Listing Date, any person designated by the Company as an officer and (b) on and after the Listing Date, a person who is an officer of the Company within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
          2.37 “Option” means an Incentive Stock Option or a Nonstatutory Stock Option granted pursuant to the Plan.
          2.38 “Option Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and an Optionholder evidencing the terms and conditions of an individual Option grant. Each Option Agreement shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan and need not be identical.
          2.39 “Optionholder” means a person to whom an Option is granted pursuant to the Plan or, if applicable, such other person who holds an outstanding Option.
         
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          2.40 “Outside Director” means a Director who is an “outside director” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code and Treasury Regulations Section 1.162-27(e)(3).
          2.41 “Participant” means a person to whom an Award is granted pursuant to the Plan or, if applicable, such other person who holds an outstanding Award.
          2.42 “Performance Award” means Awards granted pursuant to Section 7.2.
          2.43 “Permitted Transferee” means (a) any spouse, parents, siblings (by blood, marriage or adoption) or lineal descendants (by blood, marriage or adoption) of a Participant; (b) any trust or other similar entity for the benefit of a Participant or the Participant’s spouse, parents, siblings or lineal descendants; provided, however, that any transfer made by a Participant to a Permitted Transferee may only be made if the Permitted Transferee, prior to the time of transfer of stock, agrees in writing to be bound by the terms of this Plan and provides written notice to the Company of such transfer.
          2.44 “Plan” means this VCA Antech, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan.
          2.45 “Related Rights” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.3(a).
          2.46 “Restricted Award” means any Award granted pursuant to Section 7.1.
          2.47 “Restricted Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.1.
          2.48 “Right of Repurchase” means the Company’s option to repurchase Common Stock acquired under the Plan upon the Participant’s termination of Continuous Service pursuant to Section 11.7.
          2.49 “Rule 16b-3” means Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act or any successor to Rule 16b-3, as in effect from time to time.
          2.50 “Rule 701” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.4(a).
          2.51 “SAR Amount” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.3(h).
          2.52 “SAR exercise price” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.3(b).
          2.53 “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
          2.54 “Stock Appreciation Right” means the right pursuant to an award granted under Section 7.3 to receive an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (A) the Fair Market Value, as of the date such Stock Appreciation Right or portion thereof is surrendered, of the shares of stock covered by such right or such portion thereof, over (B) the aggregate SAR exercise price of such right or such portion thereof.
          2.55 “Stock for Stock Exchange” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.4.
          2.56 “Surviving Entity” means the Company if immediately following any merger, consolidation or similar transaction, the holders of outstanding voting securities of the
         
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Company immediately prior to the merger or consolidation own equity securities possessing more than 50% of the voting power of the entity existing following the merger, consolidation or similar transaction. In all other cases, the other entity to the transaction and not the Company shall be the Surviving Entity. In making the determination of ownership by the stockholders of an entity immediately after the merger, consolidation or similar transaction, equity securities which the stockholders owned immediately before the merger, consolidation or similar transaction as stockholders of another party to the transaction shall be disregarded. Further, outstanding voting securities of an entity shall be calculated by assuming the conversion of all equity securities convertible (immediately or at some future time) into shares entitled to vote.
          2.57 “Ten Percent Stockholder” means a person who owns (or is deemed to own pursuant to Section 424(d) of the Code) stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or of any of its Affiliates.
     3. Administration.
          3.1 Administration by Board. The Plan shall be administered by the Board unless and until the Board delegates administration to a Committee, as provided in Section 3.5.
          3.2 Powers of Administrator. The Administrator shall have the power and authority to select and grant to Participants, Awards pursuant to the terms of the Plan.
          3.3 Specific Powers. In particular, the Administrator shall have the authority: (a) to construe and interpret the Plan and apply its provisions; (b) to promulgate, amend, and rescind rules and regulations relating to the administration of the Plan; (c) to authorize any person to execute, on behalf of the Company, any instrument required to carry out the purposes of the Plan; (d) to delegate its authority to one or more Officers of the Company with respect to awards that do not involve Covered Employees or “insiders” within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act; (e) to determine when Awards are to be granted under the Plan; (f) from time to time to select, subject to the limitations set forth in this Plan, those Participants to whom Awards shall be granted; (g) to determine the number of shares of Common Stock to be made subject to each Award; (h) to determine whether each Option is to be an Incentive Stock Option or a Nonstatutory Stock Option; (i) to prescribe the terms and conditions of each Award, including, without limitation, the exercise price and medium of payment, vesting provisions and Right of Repurchase provisions, and to specify the provisions of the Award Agreement relating to such grant or sale; (j) to amend any outstanding Awards, including for the purpose of modifying the time or manner of vesting, or the term of any outstanding Award; provided, however, that if any such amendment impairs a Participant’s rights or increases a Participant’s obligations under his or her Award or creates or increases a Participant’s federal income tax liability with respect to an Award, such amendment shall also be subject to the Participant’s consent (provided, however, a cancellation of an Award where the Participant receives a payment equal in value to the Fair Market Value of the vested Award or, in the case of vested Options, the difference between the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock subject to an Option and the exercise price, shall not constitute an impairment of the Participant’s rights that requires consent); (k) to determine the duration and purpose of leaves of absences which may be granted to a Participant without constituting termination of their employment for purposes of the Plan, which periods shall be no shorter than the periods generally applicable to Employees under the Company’s employment
         
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policies; (l) to make decisions with respect to outstanding Options that may become necessary upon a change in corporate control or an event that triggers anti-dilution adjustments; and (m) to exercise discretion to make any and all other determinations which it determines to be necessary or advisable for administration of the Plan. The Administrator also may modify the purchase price or the exercise price of any outstanding Award, provided that if the modification effects a repricing, stockholder approval shall be required before the repricing is effective.
          3.4 Decisions Final. All decisions made by the Administrator pursuant to the provisions of the Plan shall be final and binding on the Company and the Participants, unless such decisions are determined by a court having jurisdiction to be arbitrary and capricious.
          3.5 The Committee.
               (a) General. The Board may delegate administration of the Plan to a Committee or Committees of one or more members of the Board, and the term “Committee” shall apply to any person or persons to whom such authority has been delegated. If administration is delegated to a Committee, the Committee shall have, in connection with the administration of the Plan, the powers theretofore possessed by the Board, including the power to delegate to a subcommittee any of the administrative powers the Committee is authorized to exercise (and references in this Plan to the Board or the Administrator shall thereafter be to the Committee or subcommittee), subject, however, to such resolutions, not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, as may be adopted from time to time by the Board. The Board may abolish the Committee at any time and revest in the Board the administration of the Plan. The members of the Committee shall be appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the Board. From time to time, the Board may increase or decrease the size of the Committee, add additional members to, remove members (with or without cause) from, appoint new members in substitution therefor, and fill vacancies, however caused, in the Committee. The Committee shall act pursuant to a vote of the majority of its members or, in the case of a committee comprised of only two members, the unanimous consent of its members, whether present or not, or by the written consent of the majority of its members and minutes shall be kept of all of its meetings and copies thereof shall be provided to the Board. Subject to the limitations prescribed by the Plan and the Board, the Committee may establish and follow such rules and regulations for the conduct of its business as it may determine to be advisable.
               (b) Committee Composition when Common Stock is Registered. At such time as the Common Stock is required to be registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, in the discretion of the Board, a Committee may consist solely of two or more Non-Employee Directors who are also Outside Directors. The Board shall have discretion to determine whether or not it intends to comply with the exemption requirements of Rule 16b-3 and/or Section 162(m) of the Code. However, if the Board intends to satisfy such exemption requirements, with respect to Awards to any Covered Employee and with respect to any insider subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, the Committee shall be a compensation committee of the Board that at all times consists solely of two or more Non-Employee Directors who are also Outside Directors. Within the scope of such authority, the Board or the Committee may (i) delegate to a committee of one or more members of the Board who are not Outside Directors the authority to grant Awards to eligible persons who are either (A) not then Covered Employees and are not expected to be Covered Employees at the time of recognition of income resulting from
         
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such Award or (B) not persons with respect to whom the Company wishes to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code or (ii) delegate to a committee of one or more members of the Board who are not Non-Employee Directors the authority to grant Awards to eligible persons who are not then subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Nothing herein shall create an inference that an option is not validly granted under the Plan in the event Awards are granted under the Plan by a compensation committee of the Board that does not at all times consist solely of two or more Non-Employee Directors who are also Outside Directors.
          3.6 Indemnification. In addition to such other rights of indemnification as they may have as Directors or members of the Committee, and to the extent allowed by applicable law, the Administrator shall be indemnified by the Company against the reasonable expenses, including attorney’s fees, actually incurred in connection with any action, suit or proceeding or in connection with any appeal therein, to which the Administrator may be party by reason of any action taken or failure to act under or in connection with the Plan or any option granted under the Plan, and against all amounts paid by the Administrator in settlement thereof (provided, however, that the settlement has been approved by the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld) or paid by the Administrator in satisfaction of a judgment in any such action, suit or proceeding, except in relation to matters as to which it shall be adjudged in such action, suit or proceeding that such Administrator did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person reasonably believed to be in the best interests of the Company, and in the case of a criminal proceeding, had no reason to believe that the conduct complained of was unlawful; provided, however, that within 60 days after institution of any such action, suit or proceeding, such Administrator shall, in writing, offer the Company the opportunity at its own expense to handle and defend such action, suit or proceeding.
     4. Shares Subject to the Plan.
          4.1 Share Reserve. Subject to the provisions of Section 12.1 relating to adjustments upon changes in Common Stock, the shares that may be issued pursuant to Awards shall consist of the Company’s authorized but unissued Common Stock, and the maximum aggregate amount of such Common Stock which may be issued upon exercise of all Awards under the Plan shall not exceed 6,000,000 plus any shares of Common Stock that were reserved under the Existing Plans but not yet subject to issued awards and any shares of Common Stock underlying awards granted to Employees prior to the Effective Date under the Existing Plans that have been issued and are outstanding on the Effective Date that expire, are forfeited or terminate for any reason without having been exercised in full. As of March 7, 2006, there are 380,000 shares reserved for issuance under the Existing Plans that are not subject to issued awards and 6,040,274 shares that are reserved for issuance under outstanding but unexercised awards. All shares reserved for issuance under this Plan may be used for Incentive Stock Options. Awards for fractional shares of Common Stock may not be issued under the terms of the Plan.
          4.2 Reversion of Shares to the Share Reserve. If any Award shall for any reason expire or otherwise terminate, in whole or in part, the shares of Common Stock not acquired under such Award shall revert to and again become available for issuance under the Plan. If shares of Common Stock issued under the Plan are reacquired by the Company pursuant to the terms of any forfeiture provision, including the Right of Repurchase of unvested Common Stock under Section 11.7(a), such shares shall again be available for purposes of the Plan.
         
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          4.3 Source of Shares. The shares of Common Stock subject to the Plan may be authorized but unissued Common Stock or reacquired Common Stock, bought on the market, pursuant to any forfeiture provision or otherwise.
     5. Eligibility.
          5.1 Eligibility for Specific Awards. Incentive Stock Options may be granted only to Employees. Awards other than Incentive Stock Options may be granted to Employees, Directors and Consultants.
          5.2 Ten Percent Stockholders. A Ten Percent Stockholder shall not be granted an Incentive Stock Option unless the exercise price of such Option is at least 110% of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock at the Date of Grant and the Option is not exercisable after the expiration of five years from the Date of Grant.
          5.3 Section 162(m) Limitation. Subject to the provisions of Section 12.1 relating to adjustments upon changes in the shares of Common Stock, no Employee shall be eligible to be granted Awards covering more than 500,000 shares during any fiscal year. This Section 5.3 shall not apply prior to the Listing Date and, following the Listing Date, this Section 5.3 shall not apply until (a) the earliest of: (i) the first material modification of the Plan (including any increase in the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Plan in accordance with Section 4.1); (ii) the issuance of all of the shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Plan; (iii) the expiration of the Plan; or (iv) the first meeting of stockholders at which Directors are to be elected that occurs after the close of the third calendar year following the calendar year in which occurred the first registration of an equity security under Section 12 of the Exchange Act; or (b) such other date required by Section 162(m) of the Code and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
          5.4 Consultants.
               (a) Prior to the Listing Date, a Consultant shall not be eligible for the grant of an Award if, at the time of grant, either the offer or the sale of the Company’s securities to such Consultant is not exempt under Rule 701 of the Securities Act (“Rule 701”) because of the nature of the services that the Consultant is providing to the Company, or because the Consultant is not a natural person, or as otherwise provided by Rule 701, unless the Company determines that such grant need not comply with the requirements of Rule 701 and will satisfy another exemption under the Securities Act as well as comply with the securities laws of all other relevant jurisdictions.
               (b) From and after the Listing Date, a Consultant shall not be eligible for the grant of an Award if, at the time of grant, a Form S-8 Registration Statement under the Securities Act (“Form S-8”) is not available to register either the offer or the sale of the Company’s securities to such Consultant because of the nature of the services that the Consultant is providing to the Company (i.e., capital raising), or because the Consultant is not a natural person, or as otherwise provided by the rules governing the use of Form S-8, unless the Company determines both (i) that such grant (A) shall be registered in another manner under the Securities Act (e.g., on a Form S-3 Registration Statement) or (B) does not require registration
         
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under the Securities Act in order to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act, if applicable, and (ii) that such grant complies with the securities laws of all other relevant jurisdictions.
          5.5 Directors. Each Director of the Company shall be eligible to receive discretionary grants of Awards under the Plan.
     6. Option Provisions.
          Each Option shall be in such form and shall contain such terms and conditions as the Administrator shall deem appropriate. All Options shall be separately designated Incentive Stock Options or Nonstatutory Stock Options at the time of grant, and, if certificates are issued, a separate certificate or certificates will be issued for shares of Common Stock purchased on exercise of each type of Option. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall have no liability to any Participant or any other person if an Option designated as an Incentive Stock Option fails to qualify as such at any time or if an Option is determined to constitute “nonqualified deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code and the terms of such Option do not satisfy the additional conditions applicable to nonqualified deferred compensation under Section 409A of the Code and Section 8 of the Plan. The provisions of separate Options need not be identical, but each Option shall include (through incorporation of provisions hereof by reference in the Option or otherwise) the substance of each of the following provisions:
          6.1 Term. Subject to the provisions of Section 5.2 regarding Ten Percent Stockholders, no Incentive Stock Option shall be exercisable after the expiration of 10 years from the date it was granted.
          6.2 Exercise Price of an Incentive Stock Option. Subject to the provisions of Section 5.2 regarding Ten Percent Stockholders, the exercise price of each Incentive Stock Option shall be not less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock subject to the Option on the date the Option is granted. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Incentive Stock Option may be granted with an exercise price lower than that set forth in the preceding sentence if such Option is granted pursuant to an assumption or substitution for another option in a manner satisfying the provisions of Section 424(a) of the Code.
          6.3 Exercise Price of a Nonstatutory Stock Option. The exercise price of each Nonstatutory Stock Option shall be not less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock subject to the Option on the date the Option is granted; provided, however, any Nonstatutory Stock Option granted with an exercise price less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock subject to the Option on the date the Option is granted shall satisfy the additional conditions applicable to nonqualified deferred compensation under Section 409A of the Code, in accordance with Section 6.15 and Section 8 hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Nonstatutory Stock Option may be granted with an exercise price lower than that set forth in the preceding sentence if such Option is granted pursuant to an assumption or substitution for another option in a manner satisfying the provisions of Section 424(a) of the Code.
         
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          6.4 Consideration. The exercise price of Common Stock acquired pursuant to an Option shall be paid, to the extent permitted by applicable statutes and regulations, either (a) in cash or by certified or bank check at the time the Option is exercised or (b) in the discretion of the Administrator, upon such terms as the Administrator shall approve, the exercise price may be paid: (i) by delivery to the Company of other Common Stock, duly endorsed for transfer to the Company, with a Fair Market Value on the date of delivery equal to the exercise price (or portion thereof) due for the number of shares being acquired, or by means of attestation whereby the Participant identifies for delivery specific shares of Common Stock that have been held for more than six months (or such longer or shorter period of time required to avoid a charge to earnings for financial accounting purposes) that have a Fair Market Value on the date of attestation equal to the exercise price (or portion thereof) and receives a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the difference between the number of shares thereby purchased and the number of identified attestation shares of Common Stock (a “Stock for Stock Exchange”); (ii) during any period for which the Common Stock is publicly traded (i.e., the Common Stock is listed on any established stock exchange or a national market system, including without limitation the Nasdaq National Market, or if the Common Stock is quoted on the Nasdaq System (but not on the Nasdaq National Market) or any similar system whereby the Common Stock is regularly quoted by a recognized securities dealer but closing sale prices are not reported), by a copy of instructions to a broker directing such broker to sell the Common Stock for which such Option is exercised, and to remit to the Company the aggregate Exercise Price of such Options (a “Cashless Exercise”); (iii) in any other form of legal consideration that may be acceptable to the Administrator, including without limitation with a full-recourse promissory note; provided, however, if applicable law requires, the par value (if any) of Common Stock, if newly issued, shall be paid in cash or cash equivalents. Any Common Stock acquired upon exercise with a promissory note shall be pledged as security for payment of the principal amount of the promissory note and interest thereon. The interest rate payable under the terms of the promissory note shall not be less than the minimum rate (if any) required to avoid the imputation of additional interest under the Code. Subject to the foregoing, the Administrator (in its sole discretion) shall specify the term, interest rate, amortization requirements (if any) and other provisions of such note. Unless the Administrator determines otherwise, shares of Common Stock having a Fair Market Value at least equal to the principal amount of any such loan shall be pledged by the holder to the Company as security for payment of the unpaid balance of the loan and such pledge shall be evidenced by a pledge agreement, the terms of which shall be determined by the Administrator, in its discretion; provided, however, that each loan shall comply with all applicable laws, regulations and rules of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and any other governmental agency having jurisdiction. Unless otherwise specifically provided in the Option, the purchase price of Common Stock acquired pursuant to an Option that is paid by delivery (or attestation) to the Company of other Common Stock acquired, directly or indirectly from the Company, shall be paid only by shares of the Common Stock of the Company that have been held for more than six months (or such longer or shorter period of time required to avoid a charge to earnings for financial accounting purposes). Notwithstanding the foregoing, during any period for which the Common Stock is publicly traded (i.e., the Common Stock is listed on any established stock exchange or a national market system, including without limitation the Nasdaq National Market, or if the Common Stock is quoted on the Nasdaq System (but not on the Nasdaq National Market) or any similar system whereby the Common Stock is regularly quoted by a recognized securities dealer but closing sale prices are
         
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not reported), an exercise with a promissory note or other transaction by a Director or executive officer that involves or may involve a direct or indirect extension of credit or arrangement of an extension of credit by the Company, or an Affiliate in violation of Section 402(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (codified as Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act) shall be prohibited with respect to any Award under this Plan. Unless otherwise provided in the terms of an Option Agreement, payment of the exercise price by a Participant who is an officer, director or other “insider” subject to Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act in the form of a Stock for Stock Exchange is subject to pre-approval by the Administrator, in its sole discretion. Any such pre-approval shall be documented in a manner that complies with the specificity requirements of Rule 16b-3, including the name of the Participant involved in the transaction, the nature of the transaction, the number of shares to be acquired or disposed of by the Participant and the material terms of the Options involved in the transaction.
          6.5 Transferability of an Incentive Stock Option. An Incentive Stock Option shall not be transferable except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution and shall be exercisable during the lifetime of the Optionholder only by the Optionholder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Optionholder may, by delivering written notice to the Company, in a form satisfactory to the Company, designate a third party who, in the event of the death of the Optionholder, shall thereafter be entitled to exercise the Option.
          6.6 Transferability of a Nonstatutory Stock Option. A Nonstatutory Stock Option may, in the sole discretion of the Administrator, be transferable to a Permitted Transferee upon written approval by the Administrator to the extent provided in the Option Agreement. A Permitted Transferee includes: (a) a transfer by gift or domestic relations order to a member of the Optionholder’s immediate family (child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, former spouse, sibling, niece, nephew, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law, including adoptive relationships), any person sharing the Optionholder’s household (other than a tenant or employee), a trust in which these persons have more than 50% of the beneficial interest, a foundation in which these persons (or the Optionholder) control the management of assets, and any other entity in which these persons (or the Optionholder) own more than 50% of the voting interests; (b) third parties designated by the Administrator in connection with a program established and approved by the Administrator pursuant to which Participants may receive a cash payment or other consideration in consideration for the transfer of such Nonstatutory Stock Option; and (c) such other transferees as may be permitted by the Administrator in its sole discretion. If the Nonstatutory Stock Option does not provide for transferability, then the Nonstatutory Stock Option shall not be transferable except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution and shall be exercisable during the lifetime of the Optionholder only by the Optionholder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Optionholder may, by delivering written notice to the Company, in a form satisfactory to the Company, designate a third party who, in the event of the death of the Optionholder, shall thereafter be entitled to exercise the Option.
          6.7 Vesting Generally. The Option may, but need not, vest and therefore become exercisable in periodic installments that may, but need not, be equal. The Option may be subject to such other terms and conditions on the time or times when it may be exercised (which may be based on performance or other criteria) as the Administrator may deem appropriate. The vesting provisions of individual Options may vary. No Option may be exercised for a fraction of
         
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a share of Common Stock. The Administrator may, but shall not be required to, provide for an acceleration of vesting and exercisability in the terms of any Option Agreement upon the occurrence of a specified event.
          6.8 Termination of Continuous Service. Unless otherwise provided in an Option Agreement or in an employment agreement the terms of which have been approved by the Administrator, in the event an Optionholder’s Continuous Service terminates (other than upon the Optionholder’s death or Disability or termination by the Company for Cause), the Optionholder may exercise his or her Option (to the extent that the Optionholder was entitled to exercise such Option as of the date of termination) but only within such period of time ending on the earlier of (a) the date three months following the termination of the Optionholder’s Continuous Service, or (b) the expiration of the term of the Option as set forth in the Option Agreement. If, after termination, the Optionholder does not exercise his or her Option within the time specified in the Option Agreement, the Option shall terminate. Unless otherwise provided in an Option Agreement or in an employment agreement the terms of which have been approved by the Administrator, or as otherwise provided in Sections 6.10 and 6.11 of this Plan, outstanding Options that are not exercisable at the time an Optionholder’s Continuous Service terminates for any reason other than for Cause (including an Optionholder’s death or Disability) shall be forfeited and expire at the close of business on the date of such termination. If the Optionholder’s Continuous Service terminates for Cause, all outstanding Options shall be forfeited (whether or not vested) and expire as of the beginning of business on the date of such termination for Cause.
          6.9 Extension of Termination Date. An Optionholder’s Option Agreement may also provide that if the exercise of the Option following the termination of the Optionholder’s Continuous Service for any reason other than Cause (other than upon the Optionholder’s death or Disability) would be prohibited at any time because the issuance of shares of Common Stock would violate the registration requirements under the Securities Act or any other state or federal securities law or the rules of any securities exchange or interdealer quotation system, then the Option shall terminate on the earlier of (a) the expiration of the term of the Option in accordance with Section 6.1 or (b) the expiration of a period after termination of the Participant’s Continuous Service that is three months after the end of the period during which the exercise of the Option would be in violation of such registration or other securities law requirements.
          6.10 Disability of Optionholder. Unless otherwise provided in an Option Agreement, in the event that an Optionholder’s Continuous Service terminates as a result of the Optionholder’s Disability, the Optionholder may exercise his or her Option (to the extent that the Optionholder was entitled to exercise such Option as of the date of termination), but only within such period of time ending on the earlier of (a) the date 12 months following such termination or (b) the expiration of the term of the Option as set forth in the Option Agreement. If, after termination, the Optionholder does not exercise his or her Option within the time specified herein, the Option shall terminate.
          6.11 Death of Optionholder. Unless otherwise provided in an Option Agreement, in the event an Optionholder’s Continuous Service terminates as a result of the Optionholder’s death, then the Option may be exercised (to the extent the Optionholder was
         
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entitled to exercise such Option as of the date of death) by the Optionholder’s estate, by a person who acquired the right to exercise the Option by bequest or inheritance or by a person designated to exercise the Option upon the Optionholder’s death, but only within the period ending on the earlier of (a) the date 12 months following the date of death or (b) the expiration of the term of such Option as set forth in the Option Agreement. If, after death, the Option is not exercised within the time specified herein, the Option shall terminate.
          6.12 Incentive Stock Option $100,000 Limitation. To the extent that the aggregate Fair Market Value (determined at the time of grant) of Common Stock with respect to which Incentive Stock Options are exercisable for the first time by any Optionholder during any calendar year (under all plans of the Company and its Affiliates) exceeds $100,000, the Options or portions thereof which exceed such limit (according to the order in which they were granted) shall be treated as Nonstatutory Stock Options.
          6.13 Early Exercise. The Option may, but need not, include a provision whereby the Optionholder may elect at any time before the Optionholder’s Continuous Service terminates to exercise the Option as to any part or all of the shares of Common Stock subject to the Option prior to the full vesting of the Option. In such case, the shares of Common Stock acquired on exercise shall be subject to the vesting schedule that otherwise would apply to determine the exercisability of the Option. Any unvested shares of Common Stock so purchased may be subject to any other restriction the Administrator determines to be appropriate.
          6.14 Reload Options. At the discretion of the Administrator, the Option may include a “reload” feature pursuant to which an Optionholder exercising an option by the delivery of a number of shares of Common Stock in accordance with Section 6.4(b)(i) hereof would automatically be granted an additional Option (with an exercise price equal to the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the date the additional Option is granted and with the same expiration date as the original Option being exercised, and with such other terms as the Administrator may provide) to purchase that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number delivered in a Stock for Stock Exchange of the original Option.
          6.15 Additional Requirements Under Section 409A. Each Option Agreement shall include a provision whereby, notwithstanding any provision of the Plan or the Option Agreement to the contrary, the Option shall satisfy the additional conditions applicable to nonqualified deferred compensation under Section 409A of the Code, in accordance with Section 8 hereof, in the event any Option under this Plan is granted with an exercise price less than Fair Market Value of the Common Stock subject to the Option on the date the Option is granted (regardless of whether or not such exercise price is intentionally or unintentionally priced at less than Fair Market Value, or is materially modified at a time when the Fair Market Value exceeds the exercise price), or is otherwise determined to constitute “nonqualified deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code.
     7. Provisions of Awards Other Than Options.
          7.1 Restricted Awards. A Restricted Award is an Award of actual shares of Common Stock (“Restricted Stock”) or hypothetical Common Stock units (“Restricted Stock Units”) having a value equal to the Fair Market Value of an identical number of shares of
         
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Common Stock, which may, but need not, provide that such Restricted Award may not be sold, assigned, transferred or otherwise disposed of, pledged or hypothecated as collateral for a loan or as security for the performance of any obligation or for any other purpose for such period (the “Restricted Period”) as the Administrator shall determine. Each Restricted Award shall be in such form and shall contain such terms, conditions and Restricted Periods as the Administrator shall deem appropriate, including the treatment of dividends or dividend equivalents, as the case may be. The Administrator in its discretion may provide for an acceleration of the end of the Restricted Period in the terms of any Restricted Award, at any time, including in the event a Change in Control occurs. The terms and conditions of the Restricted Award may change from time to time, and the terms and conditions of separate Restricted Awards need not be identical, but each Restricted Award shall include (through incorporation of provisions hereof by reference in the agreement or otherwise) the substance of each of the following provisions:
               (a) Purchase Price. The purchase price of Restricted Awards, if any, shall be determined by the Administrator, and may be stated as cash, property or prior services.
               (b) Consideration. The consideration for Common Stock acquired pursuant to the Restricted Award shall be paid either: (i) in cash at the time of purchase; or (ii) in any other form of legal consideration that may be acceptable to the Administrator in its discretion including, without limitation, a recourse promissory note, property or a Stock for Stock Exchange, or prior services that the Administrator determines have a value at least equal to the Fair Market Value of such Common Stock.
               (c) Vesting. Shares of Common Stock acquired under the Restricted Award may, but need not, be subject to a Restricted Period that specifies a Right of Repurchase in favor of the Company in accordance with a vesting schedule to be determined by the Administrator, or forfeiture in the event the consideration was in the form of services. The Administrator in its discretion may provide for an acceleration of vesting in the terms of any Restricted Award, at any time, including in the event a Change in Control occurs.
               (d) Termination of Participant’s Continuous Service. Unless otherwise provided in a Restricted Award or in an employment agreement the terms of which have been approved by the Administrator, in the event a Participant’s Continuous Service terminates for any reason, the Company may exercise its Right of Repurchase or otherwise reacquire, or the Participant shall forfeit the unvested portion of a Restricted Award acquired in consideration of prior or future services, and any or all of the shares of Common Stock held by the Participant which have not vested as of the date of termination under the terms of the Restricted Award shall be forfeited and the Participant shall have no rights with respect to the Award.
               (e) Transferability. Rights to acquire shares of Common Stock under the Restricted Award shall be transferable by the Participant only upon such terms and conditions as are set forth in the Award Agreement, as the Administrator shall determine in its discretion, so long as Common Stock awarded under the Restricted Award remains subject to the terms of the Award Agreement.
               (f) Concurrent Tax Payment. The Administrator, in its sole discretion, may (but shall not be required to) provide for payment of a concurrent cash award in an amount
         
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equal, in whole or in part, to the estimated after tax amount required to satisfy applicable federal, state or local tax withholding obligations arising from the receipt and deemed vesting of restricted stock for which an election under Section 83(b) of the Code may be required.
               (g) Lapse of Restrictions. Upon the expiration or termination of the Restricted Period and the satisfaction of any other conditions prescribed by the Administrator, the restrictions applicable to the Restricted Award shall lapse and a stock certificate for the number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which the restrictions have lapsed shall be delivered, free of any restrictions except those that may be imposed by law, the terms of the Plan or the terms of a Restricted Award, to the Participant or the Participant’s beneficiary or estate, as the case may be, unless such Restricted Award is subject to a deferral condition that complies with the 409A Award requirements that may be allowed or required by the Administrator in its sole discretion. The Company shall not be required to deliver any fractional share of Common Stock but will pay, in lieu thereof, the Fair Market Value of such fractional share in cash to the Participant or the Participant’s beneficiary or estate, as the case may be. Unless otherwise subject to a deferral condition that complies with the 409A Award requirements, the Common Stock certificate shall be issued and delivered and the Participant shall be entitled to the beneficial ownership rights of such Common Stock not later than (i) the date that is 2-1/2 months after the end of the Participant’s taxable year for which the Restricted Period ends and the Participant has a legally binding right to such amounts; (ii) the date that is 2-1/2 months after the end of the Company’s taxable year for which the Restricted Period ends and the Participant has a legally binding right to such amounts, whichever is later; or (iii) such earlier date as may be necessary to avoid application of Code Section 409A to such Award.
          7.2 Performance Awards.
               (a) Nature of Performance Awards. A Performance Award is an Award entitling the recipient to acquire shares of Common Stock or hypothetical Common Stock units having a value equal to the Fair Market Value of an identical number of shares of Common Stock that will be settled in the form of shares of Common Stock upon the attainment of specified performance goals. The Administrator may make Performance Awards independent of or in connection with the granting of any other Award under the Plan. Performance Awards may be granted under the Plan to any Participant, including those who qualify for awards under other performance plans of the Company. The Administrator in its sole discretion shall determine whether and to whom Performance Awards shall be made, the performance goals applicable under each Award, the periods during which performance is to be measured, and all other limitations and conditions applicable to the awarded shares; provided, however, that the Administrator may rely on the performance goals and other standards applicable to other performance plans of the Company in setting the standards for Performance Awards under the Plan. Performance goals shall be based on a pre-established objective formula or standard that specifies the manner of determining the number of shares under the Performance Award that will be granted or will vest if the performance goal is attained. Performance goals will be determined by the Administrator prior to the time 25% of the service period has elapsed and may be based on one or more business criteria that apply to a Participant, a business unit or the Company and its Affiliates. Such business criteria may include, by way of example and without limitation, revenue, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), funds from operations, funds from operations per share, operating income, pre-tax or after-tax income, cash
         
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available for distribution, cash available for distribution per share, net earnings, earnings per share, return on equity, return on assets, return on capital, economic value added, share price performance, improvements in the Company’s attainment of expense levels, and implementing or completion of critical projects, or improvement in cash-flow (before or after tax). A performance goal may be measured over a performance period on a periodic, annual, cumulative or average basis and may be established on a corporate-wide basis or established with respect to one or more operating units, divisions, subsidiaries, acquired businesses, minority investments, partnerships or joint ventures. More than one performance goal may be incorporated in a performance objective, in which case achievement with respect to each performance goal may be assessed individually or in combination with each other. The Administrator may, in connection with the establishment of performance goals for a performance period, establish a matrix setting forth the relationship between performance on two or more performance goals and the amount of the Performance Award payable for that performance period. The level or levels of performance specified with respect to a performance goal may be established in absolute terms, as objectives relative to performance in prior periods, as an objective compared to the performance of one or more comparable companies or an index covering multiple companies, or otherwise as the Administrator may determine. Performance goals shall be objective and, if the Company is publicly traded, shall otherwise meet the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code. Performance goals may differ for Performance Awards granted to any one Participant or to different Participants. A Performance Award to a Participant who is a Covered Employee shall (unless the Administrator determines otherwise) provide that in the event of the Participant’s termination of Continuous Service prior to the end of the performance period for any reason, such Award will be payable only (i) if the applicable performance objectives are achieved and (ii) to the extent, if any, the Administrator shall determine. Such objective performance goals are not required to be based on increases in a specific business criteria, but may be based on maintaining the status quo or limiting economic losses.
               (b) Restrictions on Transfer. Performance Awards and all rights with respect to such Performance Awards may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise encumbered.
               (c) Rights as a Stockholder. A Participant receiving a Performance Award that is denominated in shares of Common Stock or hypothetical Common Stock units shall have the rights of a stockholder only as to shares actually received by the Participant under the Plan and not with respect to shares subject to the Award but not actually received by the Participant. A Participant shall be entitled to receive a stock certificate evidencing the acquisition of shares of Common Stock under a Performance Award only upon satisfaction of all conditions specified in the written instrument evidencing the Performance Award (or in a performance plan adopted by the Administrator). The Common Stock certificate shall be issued and delivered and the Participant shall be entitled to the beneficial ownership rights of such Common Stock not later than (i) the date that is 2-1/2 months after the end of the Participant’s taxable year for which the Administrator certifies that the Performance Award conditions have been satisfied and the Participant has a legally binding right to such amounts; (ii) the date that is 2-1/2 months after the end of the Company’s taxable year for which the Administrator certifies that the Performance Award conditions have been satisfied and the Participant has a legally binding right to such amounts, whichever is later; or (iii) such other date as may be necessary to avoid application of Section 409A to such Awards.
         
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               (d) Termination. Except as may otherwise be provided by the Administrator at any time, a Participant’s rights in all Performance Awards shall automatically terminate upon the Participant’s termination of employment (or business relationship) with the Company and its Affiliates for any reason.
               (e) Acceleration, Waiver, Etc. At any time prior to the Participant’s termination of employment (or other business relationship) by the Company and its Affiliates, the Administrator may in its sole discretion accelerate, waive or, subject to Section 13, amend any or all of the goals, restrictions or conditions imposed under any Performance Award. The Administrator in its discretion may provide for an acceleration of vesting in the terms of any Performance Award at any time, including in the event a Change in Control occurs.
               (f) Certification. Following the completion of each performance period, the Administrator shall certify in writing, in accordance with the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code, whether the performance objectives and other material terms of a Performance Award have been achieved or met. Unless the Administrator determines otherwise, Performance Awards shall not be settled until the Administrator has made the certification specified under this Section 7.2(f).
          7.3 Stock Appreciation Rights.
               (a) General. Stock Appreciation Rights may be granted either alone (“Free Standing Rights”) or, provided the requirements of Section 7.3(b) are satisfied, in tandem with all or part of any Option granted under the Plan (“Related Rights”). In the case of a Nonstatutory Stock Option, Related Rights may be granted either at or after the time of the grant of such Option. In the case of an Incentive Stock Option, Related Rights may be granted only at the time of the grant of the Incentive Stock Option.
               (b) Grant Requirements. A Stock Appreciation Right may only be granted if the Stock Appreciation Right: (i) does not provide for the deferral of compensation within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code; or (ii) satisfies the requirements of Section 7.3(h) and Section 8 hereof. A Stock Appreciation Right does not provide for a deferral of compensation if: (A) the value of the Common Stock the excess over which the right provides for payment upon exercise (the “SAR exercise price”) may never be less than the Fair Market Value of the underlying Common Stock on the date the right is granted, (B) the compensation payable under the Stock Appreciation Right can never be greater than the difference between the SAR exercise price and the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the date the Stock Appreciation Right is exercised, (C) the number of shares of Common Stock subject to the Stock Appreciation Right must be fixed on the date of grant of the Stock Appreciation Right, and (D) the right does not include any feature for the deferral of compensation other than the deferral of recognition of income until the exercise of the right.
               (c) Exercise and Payment. Upon exercise thereof, the holder of a Stock Appreciation Right shall be entitled to receive from the Company, an amount equal to the product of (i) the excess of the Fair Market Value, on the date of such written request, of one share of Common Stock over the SAR exercise price per share specified in such Stock Appreciation Right or its related Option, multiplied by (ii) the number of shares for which such
         
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Stock Appreciation Right shall be exercised. Payment with respect to the exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right that satisfies the requirements of Section 7.3(b)(i) shall be paid on the date of exercise and made in shares of Common Stock (with or without restrictions as to substantial risk of forfeiture and transferability, as determined by the Administrator in its sole discretion), valued at Fair Market Value on the date of exercise. Payment with respect to the exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right that does not satisfy the requirements of Section 7.3(b)(i) shall be paid at the time specified in the Award in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.3(h) and Section 8. Payment may be made in the form of shares of Common Stock (with or without restrictions as to substantial risk of forfeiture and transferability, as determined by the Administrator in its sole discretion), cash or a combination thereof, as determined by the Administrator.
               (d) Exercise Price. The exercise price of a Free Standing Stock Appreciation Right shall be determined by the Administrator, but shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of one share of Common Stock on the Date of Grant of such Stock Appreciation Right. A Related Right granted simultaneously with or subsequent to the grant of an Option and in conjunction therewith or in the alternative thereto shall have the same exercise price as the related Option, shall be transferable only upon the same terms and conditions as the related Option, and shall be exercisable only to the same extent as the related Option; provided, however, that a Stock Appreciation Right, by its terms, shall be exercisable only when the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock subject to the Stock Appreciation Right and related Option exceeds the exercise price per share thereof and no Stock Appreciation Rights may be granted in tandem with an Option unless the Administrator determines that the requirements of Section 7.3(b)(i) are satisfied.
               (e) Reduction in the Underlying Option Shares. Upon any exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right, the number of shares of Common Stock for which any related Option shall be exercisable shall be reduced by the number of shares for which the Stock Appreciation Right shall have been exercised. The number of shares of Common Stock for which a Stock Appreciation Right shall be exercisable shall be reduced upon any exercise of any related Option by the number of shares of Common Stock for which such Option shall have been exercised.
               (f) Written Request. Unless otherwise determined by the Administrator in its sole discretion and only if permitted in the Stock Appreciation Right’s Award Agreement, any exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right for cash, may be made only by a written request filed with the Corporate Secretary of the Company during the period beginning on the third business day following the date of release for publication by the Company of quarterly or annual summary statements of earnings and ending on the twelfth business day following such date. Within 30 days of the receipt by the Company of a written request to receive cash in full or partial settlement of a Stock Appreciation Right or to exercise such Stock Appreciation Right for cash, the Administrator shall, in its sole discretion, either consent to or disapprove, in whole or in part, such written request. A written request to receive cash in full or partial settlement of a Stock Appreciation Right or to exercise a Stock Appreciation Right for cash may provide that, in the event the Administrator shall disapprove such written request, such written request shall be deemed to be an exercise of such Stock Appreciation Right for shares of Common Stock.
         
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               (g) Disapproval by Administrator. If the Administrator disapproves in whole or in part any election by a Participant to receive cash in full or partial settlement of a Stock Appreciation Right or to exercise such Stock Appreciation Right for cash, such disapproval shall not affect such Participant’s right to exercise such Stock Appreciation Right at a later date, to the extent that such Stock Appreciation Right shall be otherwise exercisable, or to elect the form of payment at a later date, provided that an election to receive cash upon such later exercise shall be subject to the approval of the Administrator. Additionally, such disapproval shall not affect such Participant’s right to exercise any related Option.
               (h) Additional Requirements under Section 409A. A Stock Appreciation Right that is not intended to or fails to satisfy the requirements of Section 7.3(b)(i) shall satisfy the requirements of this Section 7.3(h) and the additional conditions applicable to nonqualified deferred compensation under Section 409A of the Code, in accordance with Section 8 hereof. The requirements herein shall apply in the event any Stock Appreciation Right under this Plan is granted with an SAR exercise price less than Fair Market Value of the Common Stock underlying the Award on the date the Stock Appreciation Right is granted (regardless of whether or not such SAR exercise price is intentionally or unintentionally priced at less than Fair Market Value, or is materially modified at a time when the Fair Market Value exceeds the SAR exercise price), provides that it is settled in cash, or is otherwise determined to constitute “nonqualified deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code. Any such Stock Appreciation Right may provide that it is exercisable at any time permitted under the governing written instrument, but such exercise shall be limited to fixing the measurement of the amount, if any, by which the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of exercise exceeds the SAR exercise price (the “SAR Amount”). However, once the Stock Appreciation Right is exercised, the SAR Amount may only be paid on the fixed time, payment schedule or other event specified in the governing written instrument or in Section 8.1 hereof.
     8. Additional Conditions Applicable to Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Under Section 409A of the Code.
          In the event any Award under this Plan is granted with an exercise price less than Fair Market Value of the Common Stock subject to the Award on the Date of Grant (regardless of whether or not such exercise price is intentionally or unintentionally priced at less than Fair Market Value, or such Award is materially modified and deemed a new Award at a time when the Fair Market Value exceeds the exercise price), or is otherwise determined to constitute a 409A Award, the following additional conditions shall apply and shall supersede any contrary provisions of this Plan or the terms of any 409A Award agreement.
          8.1 Exercise and Distribution. No 409A Award shall be exercisable or distributable earlier than upon one of the following:
               (a) Specified Time. A specified time or a fixed schedule set forth in the written instrument evidencing the 409A Award, but not later than after the expiration of 10 years from the Date of Grant. If the written grant instrument does not specify a fixed time or schedule, such time shall be the date that is the fifth anniversary of the Date of Grant.
         
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               (b) Separation from Service. Separation from service (within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code) by the 409A Award recipient; provided, however, if the 409A Award recipient is a “key employee” (as defined in Section 416(i) of the Code without regard to paragraph (5) thereof) and any of the Company’s stock is publicly traded on an established securities market or otherwise, exercise or distribution under this Section 8.1(b) may not be made before the date which is six months after the date of separation from service.
               (c) Death. The date of death of the 409A Award recipient.
               (d) Disability. The date the 409A Award recipient becomes disabled (within the meaning of Section 8.4(b) hereof).
               (e) Unforeseeable Emergency. The occurrence of an unforeseeable emergency (within the meaning of Section 8.4(c) hereof), but only if the net value (after payment of the exercise price) of the number of shares of Common Stock that become issuable does not exceed the amounts necessary to satisfy such emergency plus amounts necessary to pay taxes reasonably anticipated as a result of the exercise, after taking into account the extent to which the emergency is or may be relieved through reimbursement or compensation by insurance or otherwise or by liquidation of the Participant’s other assets (to the extent such liquidation would not itself cause severe financial hardship).
               (f) Change in Control Event. The occurrence of a Change in Control Event (within the meaning of Section 8.4(a) hereof), including the Company’s discretionary exercise of the right to accelerate vesting of such Award upon a Change in Control Event or to terminate the Plan or any 409A Award granted hereunder within 12 months of the Change in Control Event.
          8.2 Term. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Plan or the terms of any 409A Award agreement, the term of any 409A Award shall expire and such Award shall no longer be exercisable on the date that is the later of: (a) 2-1/2 months after the end of the Company’s taxable year in which the 409A Award first becomes exercisable or distributable pursuant to Section 8 hereof and is not subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture; or (b) 2-1/2 months after the end of the 409A Award recipient’s taxable year in which the 409A Award first becomes exercisable or distributable pursuant to Section 8 hereof and is not subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, but not later than the earlier of (i) the expiration of 10 years from the date the 409A Award was granted, or (ii) the term specified in the 409A Award agreement.
          8.3 No Acceleration. A 409A Award may not be accelerated or exercised prior to the time specified in Section 8 hereof, except in the case of one of the following events:
               (a) Domestic Relations Order. The 409A Award may permit the acceleration of the exercise or distribution time or schedule to an individual other than the Participant as may be necessary to comply with the terms of a domestic relations order (as defined in Section 414(p)(1)(B) of the Code).
               (b) Conflicts of Interest. The 409A Award may permit the acceleration of the exercise or distribution time or schedule as may be necessary to comply with the terms of a certificate of divestiture (as defined in Section 1043(b)(2) of the Code).
         
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               (c) Change in Control Event. The Administrator may exercise the discretionary right to accelerate the vesting of such 409A Award upon a Change in Control Event or to terminate the Plan or any 409A Award granted thereunder within 12 months of the Change in Control Event and cancel the 409A Award for compensation. In addition, the Administrator may exercise the discretionary right to accelerate the vesting of such 409A Award provided that such acceleration does not change the time or schedule of payment of such Award and otherwise satisfies the requirements of this Section 8 and the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.
          8.4 Definitions. Solely for purposes of this Section 8 and not for other purposes of the Plan, the following terms shall be defined as set forth below:
               (a) “Change in Control Event” means the occurrence of a change in the ownership of the Company, a change in effective control of the Company, or a change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of the Company (as defined in Proposed Regulations § 1.409A-3(g)(5) and any subsequent guidance interpreting Code Section 409A). For example, a Change in Control Event will occur if:
               (i) a person or more than one person acting as a group:
     (A) acquires ownership of stock that brings such person’s or group’s total ownership in excess of 50% of the outstanding stock of the Company; or
     (B) acquires ownership of 35% or more of the total voting power of the Company within a 12 month period; or
               (ii) acquires ownership of assets from the Company equal to 40% or more of the total value of the Company within a 12 month period.
               (b) “Disabled” means a Participant (i) is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, or (ii) is, by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, receiving income replacement benefits for a period of not less than three months under an accident and health plan covering Employees.
               (c) “Unforeseeable Emergency” means a severe financial hardship to the Participant resulting from an illness or accident of the Participant, the Participant’s spouse, or a dependent (as defined in Section 152(a) of the Code) of the Participant, loss of the Participant’s property due to casualty, or similar extraordinary and unforeseeable circumstances arising as a result of events beyond the control of the Participant.
     9. Covenants of the Company.
          9.1 Availability of Shares. During the terms of the Awards, the Company shall keep available at all times the number of shares of Common Stock required to satisfy such Awards.
         
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          9.2 Securities Law Compliance. Each Option Agreement and Award Agreement shall provide that no shares of Common Stock shall be purchased or sold thereunder unless and until (a) any then applicable requirements of state or federal laws and regulatory agencies shall have been fully complied with to the satisfaction of the Company and its counsel and (b) if required to do so by the Company, the Participant shall have executed and delivered to the Company a letter of investment intent in such form and containing such provisions as the Administrator may require. The Company shall use reasonable efforts to seek to obtain from each regulatory commission or agency having jurisdiction over the Plan such authority as may be required to grant Awards and to issue and sell shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Awards; provided, however, that this undertaking shall not require the Company to register under the Securities Act the Plan, any Award or any Common Stock issued or issuable pursuant to any such Award. If, after reasonable efforts, the Company is unable to obtain from any such regulatory commission or agency the authority which counsel for the Company deems necessary for the lawful issuance and sale of Common Stock under the Plan, the Company shall be relieved from any liability for failure to issue and sell Common Stock upon exercise of such Awards unless and until such authority is obtained.
     10. Use of Proceeds from Stock.
          Proceeds from the sale of Common Stock pursuant to Awards shall constitute general funds of the Company.
     11. Miscellaneous.
          11.1 Acceleration of Exercisability and Vesting. The Administrator shall have the power to accelerate the time at which an Award may first be exercised or the time during which an Award or any part thereof will vest in accordance with the Plan, notwithstanding the provisions in the Award stating the time at which it may first be exercised or the time during which it will vest.
          11.2 Stockholder Rights. No Participant shall be deemed to be the holder of, or to have any of the rights of a holder with respect to, any shares of Common Stock subject to such Award unless and until such Participant has satisfied all requirements for exercise of the Award pursuant to its terms and no adjustment shall be made for dividends (ordinary or extraordinary, whether in cash, securities or other property) or distributions of other rights for which the record date is prior to the date such Common Stock certificate is issued, except as provided in Section 12.1 hereof.
          11.3 No Employment or Other Service Rights. Nothing in the Plan or any instrument executed or Award granted pursuant thereto shall confer upon any Participant any right to continue to serve the Company or an Affiliate in the capacity in effect at the time the Award was granted or shall affect the right of the Company or an Affiliate to terminate (a) the employment of an Employee with or without notice and with or without Cause, (b) the service of a Consultant pursuant to the terms of such Consultant’s agreement with the Company or an Affiliate or (c) the service of a Director pursuant to the Bylaws of the Company or an Affiliate, and any applicable provisions of the corporate law of the state in which the Company or the Affiliate is incorporated, as the case may be.
         
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          11.4 Transfer, Approved Leave of Absence. For purposes of the Plan, no termination of employment by an Employee shall be deemed to result from either (a) a transfer to the employment of the Company from an Affiliate or from the Company to an Affiliate, or from one Affiliate to another; or (b) an approved leave of absence for military service or sickness, or for any other purpose approved by the Company, if the Employee’s right to re-employment is guaranteed either by a statute or by contract or under the policy pursuant to which the leave of absence was granted or if the Administrator otherwise so provides in writing.
          11.5 Investment Assurances. The Company may require a Participant, as a condition of exercising or acquiring Common Stock under any Award, (a) to give written assurances satisfactory to the Company as to the Participant’s knowledge and experience in financial and business matters and/or to employ a purchaser representative reasonably satisfactory to the Company who is knowledgeable and experienced in financial and business matters and that he or she is capable of evaluating, alone or together with the purchaser representative, the merits and risks of exercising the Award; and (b) to give written assurances satisfactory to the Company stating that the Participant is acquiring Common Stock subject to the Award for the Participant’s own account and not with any present intention of selling or otherwise distributing the Common Stock. The foregoing requirements, and any assurances given pursuant to such requirements, shall be inoperative if (i) the issuance of the shares of Common Stock upon the exercise or acquisition of Common Stock under the Award has been registered under a then currently effective registration statement under the Securities Act or (ii) as to any particular requirement, a determination is made by counsel for the Company that such requirement need not be met in the circumstances under the then applicable securities laws. The Company may, upon advice of counsel to the Company, place legends on stock certificates issued under the Plan as such counsel deems necessary or appropriate in order to comply with applicable securities laws, including, but not limited to, legends restricting the transfer of the Common Stock.
          11.6 Withholding Obligations. To the extent provided by the terms of an Award Agreement and subject to the discretion of the Administrator, the Participant may satisfy any federal, state or local tax withholding obligation relating to the exercise or acquisition of Common Stock under an Award by any of the following means (in addition to the Company’s right to withhold from any compensation paid to the Participant by the Company) or by a combination of such means: (a) tendering a cash payment; (b) authorizing the Company to withhold shares of Common Stock from the shares of Common Stock otherwise issuable to the Participant as a result of the exercise or acquisition of Common Stock under the Award, provided, however, that no shares of Common Stock are withheld with a value exceeding the minimum amount of tax required to be withheld by law; (c) delivering to the Company previously owned and unencumbered shares of Common Stock of the Company or (d) by execution of a recourse promissory note by a Participant who is not a Director or executive officer. Unless otherwise provided in the terms of an Option Agreement, payment of the tax withholding by a Participant who is an officer, director or other “insider” subject to Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act by delivering previously owned and unencumbered shares of Common Stock of the Company or in the form of share withholding is subject to pre-approval by the Administrator, in its sole discretion. Any such pre-approval shall be documented in a manner that complies with the specificity requirements of Rule 16b-3, including the name of the Participant involved in the transaction, the nature of the transaction, the number of shares to be
         
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acquired or disposed of by the Participant and the material terms of the Options involved in the transaction.
          11.7 Right of Repurchase. Each Award Agreement may provide that, following a termination of the Participant’s Continuous Service, the Company may repurchase the Participant’s unvested Common Stock acquired under the Plan as provided in this Section 11.7 (the “Right of Repurchase”). The Right of Repurchase for unvested Common Stock shall be exercisable at a price equal to the lesser of the purchase price at which such Common Stock was acquired under the Plan or the Fair Market Value of such Common Stock (if an Award is granted solely in consideration of past services without payment of any additional consideration, the unvested Common Stock shall be forfeited without any repurchase). The Award Agreement may specify the period of time following a termination of the Participant’s Continuous Service during which the Right of Repurchase may be exercised.
     12. Adjustments Upon Changes in Stock.
          12.1 Capitalization Adjustments. If any change is made in the Common Stock subject to the Plan, or subject to any Award, without the receipt of consideration by the Company (through merger, consolidation, reorganization, recapitalization, reincorporation, stock dividend, dividend in property other than cash, stock split, liquidating dividend, combination of shares, exchange of shares, change in corporate structure or other transaction not involving the receipt of consideration by the Company), then (a) the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock or class of shares which may be purchased pursuant to Awards granted hereunder; (b) the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock or class of shares which may be purchased pursuant to Incentive Stock Options granted hereunder; (c) the number and/or class of shares of Common Stock covered by outstanding Options and Awards; (d) the maximum number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which Options may be granted to any single Optionholder during any calendar year; and (e) the exercise price of any Option in effect prior to such change shall be proportionately adjusted by the Administrator to reflect any increase or decrease in the number of issued shares of Common Stock or change in the Fair Market Value of such Common Stock resulting from such transaction; provided, however, that any fractional shares resulting from the adjustment shall be eliminated. The Administrator shall make such adjustments, and its determination shall be final, binding and conclusive. The conversion of any securities of the Company that are by their terms convertible shall not be treated as a transaction “without receipt of consideration” by the Company.
          12.2 Dissolution or Liquidation. In the event of a dissolution or liquidation of the Company, then all outstanding Awards shall terminate immediately prior to such event.
          12.3 Change in Control – Asset Sale, Merger, Consolidation or Reverse Merger. In the event of a Change in Control, a dissolution or liquidation of the Company, or any corporate separation or division, including, but not limited to, a split-up, a split-off or a spin-off, or a sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company; a merger or consolidation in which the Company is not the Surviving Entity; or a reverse merger in which the Company is the Surviving Entity, but the shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately preceding the merger are converted by virtue of the merger into other property, whether in the form of securities, cash or otherwise, then the Company, to the extent permitted by applicable law, but otherwise in the sole
         
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discretion of the Administrator may provide for: (a) the continuation of outstanding Awards by the Company (if the Company is the Surviving Entity); (b) the assumption of the Plan and such outstanding Awards by the Surviving Entity or its parent; (c) the substitution by the Surviving Entity or its parent of Awards with substantially the same terms (including an award to acquire the same consideration paid to the stockholders in the transaction described in this Section 12.3) for such outstanding Awards and, if appropriate, subject to the equitable adjustment provisions of Section 12.1 hereof; (d) the cancellation of such outstanding Awards in consideration for a payment (in the form of stock or cash) equal in value to the Fair Market Value of vested Awards, or in the case of an Option, the difference between the Fair Market Value and the exercise price for all shares of Common Stock subject to exercise (i.e., to the extent vested) under any outstanding Option; or (e) the cancellation of such outstanding Awards without payment of any consideration. If such Awards would be canceled without consideration for vested Awards, the Participant shall have the right, exercisable during the later of the 10-day period ending on the fifth day prior to such merger or consolidation or 10 days after the Administrator provides the Award holder a notice of cancellation, to exercise such Awards in whole or in part without regard to any installment exercise provisions in the Option Agreement.
     13. Amendment of the Plan and Awards.
          13.1 Amendment of Plan. The Board at any time, and from time to time, may amend or terminate the Plan. However, except as provided in Section 12.1 relating to adjustments upon changes in Common Stock, no amendment shall be effective unless approved by the stockholders of the Company to the extent stockholder approval is necessary to satisfy any applicable law or any Nasdaq or securities exchange listing requirements. At the time of such amendment, the Board shall determine, upon advice from counsel, whether such amendment will be contingent on stockholder approval.
          13.2 Stockholder Approval. The Board may, in its sole discretion, submit any other amendment to the Plan for stockholder approval, including, but not limited to, amendments to the Plan intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code and the regulations thereunder regarding the exclusion of performance-based compensation from the limit on corporate deductibility of compensation paid to certain executive officers.
          13.3 Contemplated Amendments. It is expressly contemplated that the Board may amend the Plan in any respect the Board deems necessary or advisable to provide eligible Employees with the maximum benefits provided or to be provided under the provisions of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder relating to Incentive Stock Options or to the nonqualified deferred compensation provisions of Section 409A of the Code and/or to bring the Plan and/or Awards granted under it into compliance therewith.
          13.4 No Impairment of Rights. Rights under any Award granted before amendment of the Plan shall not be impaired by any amendment of the Plan unless (a) the Company requests the consent of the Participant and (b) the Participant consents in writing. However, a cancellation of an Award where the Participant receives a payment equal in value to the Fair Market Value of the vested Award or, in the case of vested Options, the difference between the Fair Market Value and the exercise price, shall not be an impairment of the Participant’s rights that requires consent of the Participant.
         
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          13.5 Amendment of Awards. The Administrator at any time, and from time to time, may amend the terms of any one or more Awards; provided, however, that the Administrator may not effect any amendment which would otherwise constitute an impairment of the rights under any Award unless (a) the Company requests the consent of the Participant and (b) the Participant consents in writing. For the avoidance of doubt, the cancellation of a vested Award where the Participant receives a payment equal in value to the Fair Market Value of the vested Award or, in the case of vested Options, the difference between the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock underlying the Option and the aggregate exercise price, shall not be an impairment of the Participant’s rights that requires consent of the Participant.
     14. General Provisions.
          14.1 Other Compensation Arrangements. Nothing contained in this Plan shall prevent the Board from adopting other or additional compensation arrangements, subject to stockholder approval if such approval is required; and such arrangements may be either generally applicable or applicable only in specific cases.
          14.2 Recapitalizations. Each Option Agreement and Award Agreement shall contain provisions required to reflect the provisions of Section 12.1.
          14.3 Delivery. Upon exercise of a right granted under this Plan, the Company shall issue Common Stock or pay any amounts due within a reasonable period of time thereafter. Subject to any statutory or regulatory obligations the Company may otherwise have, for purposes of this Plan, 30 days shall be considered a reasonable period of time.
          14.4 Other Provisions. The Option Agreements and Award Agreements authorized under the Plan may contain such other provisions not inconsistent with this Plan, including, without limitation, restrictions upon the exercise of the Awards, as the Administrator may deem advisable.
          14.5 Cancellation and Rescission of Awards for Detrimental Activity.
               (a) Upon exercise, payment or delivery pursuant to an Award, the Participant shall certify in a manner acceptable to the Company that the Participant has not engaged in any Detrimental Activity described in Section 2.19.
               (b) Unless the Award Agreement specifies otherwise, the Administrator may cancel, rescind, suspend, withhold or otherwise limit or restrict any unexpired, unpaid or deferred Awards at any time if the Participant engages in any Detrimental Activity described in Section 2.19.
               (c) In the event a Participant engages in Detrimental Activity described in Section 2.19 after any exercise, payment or delivery pursuant to an Award, during any period for which any restrictive covenant prohibiting such activity is applicable to the Participant, such exercise, payment or delivery may be rescinded within one year thereafter. In the event of any such rescission, the Participant shall pay to the Company the amount of any gain realized or payment received as a result of the exercise, payment or delivery, in such manner and on such terms and conditions as may be required by the Company. The Company shall be
         
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entitled to set-off against the amount of any such gain any amount owed to the Participant by the Company.
          14.6 Disqualifying Dispositions. Any Participant who shall make a “disposition” (as defined in Section 424 of the Code) of all or any portion of shares of Common Stock acquired upon exercise of an Incentive Stock Option within two years from the Date of Grant of such Incentive Stock Option or within one year after the issuance of the shares of Common Stock acquired upon exercise of such Incentive Stock Option shall be required to immediately advise the Company in writing as to the occurrence of the sale and the price realized upon the sale of such shares of Common Stock.
     15. Market Stand-Off.
          Each Option Agreement and Award Agreement shall provide that, in connection with any underwritten public offering by the Company of its equity securities pursuant to an effective registration statement filed under the Securities Act, the Participant shall agree not to sell, make any short sale of, loan, hypothecate, pledge, grant any option for the repurchase of, transfer the economic consequences of ownership or otherwise dispose or transfer for value or otherwise agree to engage in any of the foregoing transactions with respect to any Common Stock without the prior written consent of the Company or its underwriters, for such period of time from and after the effective date of such registration statement as may be requested by the Company or such underwriters (the “Market Stand-Off”). In order to enforce the Market Stand-Off, the Company may impose stop-transfer instructions with respect to the shares of Common Stock acquired under this Plan until the end of the applicable stand-off period. If there is any change in the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock by reason of a stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, combination, reclassification, dissolution or liquidation of the Company, any corporate separation or division (including, but not limited to, a split-up, a split-off or a spin-off), a merger or consolidation; a reverse merger or similar transaction, then any new, substituted or additional securities which are by reason of such transaction distributed with respect to any shares of Common Stock subject to the Market Stand-Off, or into which such shares of Common Stock thereby become convertible, shall immediately be subject to the Market Stand-Off.
     16. Effective Date of Plan.
          The Plan shall become effective as of the Effective Date, but no Award shall be exercised (or, in the case of a stock Award, shall be granted) unless and until the Plan has been approved by the stockholders of the Company, which approval shall be within twelve (12) months before or after the date the Plan is adopted by the Board.
     17. Termination or Suspension of the Plan.
          The Plan shall terminate automatically on the day before the 10th anniversary of the Effective Date. No Award shall be granted pursuant to the Plan after such date, but Awards theretofore granted may extend beyond that date. The Board may suspend or terminate the Plan at any earlier date pursuant to Section 13.1 hereof. No Awards may be granted under the Plan while the Plan is suspended or after it is terminated.
         
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     18. Choice of Law.
          The law of the State of Delaware shall govern all questions concerning the construction, validity and interpretation of this Plan, without regard to such state’s conflict of law rules.
     19. Execution.
          To record the adoption of the Plan by the Board, the Company has caused its authorized officer to execute the Plan as of the date specified below.
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
         
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          IN WITNESS WHEREOF, upon authorization of the Board of Directors, the undersigned has caused the VCA Antech, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan to be executed effective as of the 7th day of March, 2006.
         
    VCA ANTECH, INC.
 
       
 
  By:    
 
       
 
      Robert L. Antin, Chief Executive Officer and President
Signature Page
VCA Antech, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan

 

EX-31.1 3 v20164exv31w1.htm EXHIBIT 31.1 exv31w1
 

EXHIBIT 31.1
Certification of
Chief Executive Officer
of VCA Antech, Inc.
I, Robert L. Antin, certify that:
1.   I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of VCA Antech, Inc.;
2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
  a.   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
  b.   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
  c.   Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
  d.   Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
  a.   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
  b.   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: May 8, 2006
/s/ Robert L. Antin                                        
Robert L. Antin
Chief Executive Officer

 

EX-31.2 4 v20164exv31w2.htm EXHIBIT 31.2 exv31w2
 

EXHIBIT 31.2
Certification of
Chief Financial Officer
of VCA Antech, Inc.
I, Tomas W. Fuller, certify that:
1.   I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of VCA Antech, Inc.;
2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
  a.   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
  b.   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
  c.   Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
  d.   Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
  a.   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
  b.   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: May 8, 2006
/s/ Tomas W. Fuller                                        
Tomas W. Fuller
Chief Financial Officer

 

EX-32.1 5 v20164exv32w1.htm EXHIBIT 32.1 exv32w1
 

EXHIBIT 32.1
Certification of
Chief Executive Officer & Chief Financial Officer
of VCA Antech, Inc.
     This certification is provided pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and accompanies this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (the “Report”) for the period ended March 31, 2006 of VCA Antech, Inc. (the “Issuer”).
     Each of the undersigned, who are the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, respectively, of VCA Antech, Inc., hereby certify that, to the best of each such officer’s knowledge:
  (i)   the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m(a) or 78o(d)); and
 
  (ii)   the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Issuer.
Dated: May 8, 2006
         
 
  /s/ Robert L. Antin    
 
 
 
Robert L. Antin
   
 
  Chief Executive Officer    
 
       
 
  /s/ Tomas W. Fuller    
 
 
 
Tomas W. Fuller
   
 
  Chief Financial Officer    

 

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