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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The changes in the net carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, are as follows:
 
 
2015
 
2014
Balance as of January 1,
$
256,232

 
$
248,428

 
 
 
 
Goodwill resulting from business acquisitions
5,369

 
7,773

 
 
 
 
Reduction in goodwill resulting from a business acquisition purchase price allocation adjustment
(525
)
 

 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation
(425
)
 
31

 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31,
$
260,651

 
$
256,232


Assets and liabilities of acquired businesses are recorded at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition.  Goodwill represents costs in excess of fair values assigned to the underlying net assets of acquired businesses.  During 2015, the Company entered into three acquisitions totaling a cash purchase price of $6.1 million. Goodwill resulting from business acquisitions in 2015 amounted to $5.4 million. The purchase price in a prior acquisition was allocated based on information available at the acquisition date. During the quarter ended March 31, 2015, we recorded a measurement period adjustment, which reduced goodwill by $0.5 million. The amount was not considered material and therefore prior periods have not been revised.

Total accumulated impairment losses aggregated $106,991 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Other intangible assets consist of the following:
 
December 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
Amortized intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer relationships
$
136,871

 
$
(64,423
)
 
$
136,126

 
$
(59,707
)
 
 
 
 
 


 


Promotional, marketing & distribution rights
149,376

 
(24,000
)
 
149,376

 
(18,000
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Patents and other intangible assets
66,688

 
(42,885
)
 
63,464

 
(41,363
)
 
 
 
 
 


 


Unamortized intangible assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 


 


Trademarks and tradenames
86,544

 

 
86,544

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
439,479

 
$
(131,308
)
 
$
435,510

 
$
(119,070
)


Customer relationships, trademarks and tradenames, patents and other intangible assets primarily represent allocations of purchase price to identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses. Promotional, marketing and distribution rights represent intangible assets created under our Sports Medicine Joint Development and Distribution Agreement (the "JDDA") with Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation (“MTF”).

On January 3, 2012, the Company entered into the JDDA with MTF to obtain MTF's worldwide promotion rights with respect to allograft tissues within the field of sports medicine and related products. The initial consideration from the Company included a $63.0 million up-front payment for the rights and certain assets, with an additional $84.0 million contingently payable over a four year period depending on MTF meeting supply targets for tissue. On January 6, 2016, January 5, 2015 and January 3, 2014, we paid equal installments of $16.7 million and on January 3, 2013, we paid $34.0 million of the additional consideration. The $16.7 million related to the remaining contingent obligation as of December 31, 2015 is accrued in other current liabilities.

On July 30, 2014, the Company purchased the stock of EndoDynamix, Inc., a developer of minimally invasive surgical instruments. The purchase price included $13.9 million in contingent consideration based upon certain milestones being achieved totaling $10.3 million and future royalties to be incurred of $3.6 million. Contingent consideration was valued using a discounted cash flow method. We paid $3.7 million of the milestone payment on October 17, 2014, another $2.4 million payment on April 13, 2015 and a third payment of $1.5 million on November 4, 2015. We expect the remaining milestones to be achieved, and royalty payments to be made, between 2016 and 2021. The remaining contingent consideration totaled $6.3 million as of December 31, 2015 and is included in other current and other long term liabilities.

Amortization expense related to intangible assets which are subject to amortization totaled $12.6 million, $13.0 million and $13.7 million for the years ending December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and is included as a reduction of revenue (for amortization related to our promotional, marketing and distribution rights) and in selling and administrative expense (for all other intangible assets) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The weighted average amortization period for intangible assets which are amortized is 27 years.  Customer relationships are being amortized over a weighted average life of 33 years.  Promotional, marketing and distribution rights are being amortized over a weighted average life of 25 years. Patents and other intangible assets are being amortized over a weighted average life of 12 years. Included in patents and other intangible assets at December 31, 2015 is an in-process research and development asset related to the EndoDynamix, Inc. acquisition that is not currently amortized.

The estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets at December 31, 2015 for each of the five succeeding years is as follows:

 
Amortization included in expense
 
Amortization recorded as a reduction of revenue
 
Total
2016
6,882

 
6,000

 
$
12,882

2017
7,578

 
6,000

 
$
13,578

2018
7,525

 
6,000

 
$
13,525

2019
7,525

 
6,000

 
$
13,525

2020
6,906

 
6,000

 
$
12,906