Note 9. Stock Award Plans and Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Award Plans

The Company grants stock options and restricted stock awards to employees and others. All outstanding stock options of the Company as of March 31, 2013 were granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value on the date of grant. Outstanding stock options, if not exercised, expire 10 years from the date of grant.

The Company’s 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) authorizes the grant of a variety of equity awards to the Company’s officers, directors, employees, consultants and advisers, including awards of unrestricted and restricted stock, restricted stock units, incentive and nonqualified stock options to purchase shares of common stock, performance share awards and stock appreciation rights. The Plan provides that options may only be granted at the current market value on the date of grant. Each share of stock issued pursuant to a stock option or stock appreciation right counts as one share against the maximum number of shares issuable under the Plan, while each share of stock issued pursuant to any other type of award counts as 1.58 shares against the maximum number of shares issuable under the Plan for grants made on or after August 11, 2010 (and as 1.5 shares for grants made prior to that date). The Company’s policy for issuing shares upon exercise of stock options or the vesting of its restricted stock awards and restricted stock units is to issue shares of common stock at the time of exercise or conversion. At March 31, 2013, a total of approximately 2,405,300 shares were available for future issuance under the Plan.

Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense by financial statement line item in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):


	March 31,
	2013		2012		2011
	(in $000’s)
Cost of product revenue	$	450	$	282	$	214
Research and development		1,843		1,719		1,001
Selling, general and administrative		7,208		5,772		4,206

	$	9,501	$	7,773	$	5,421

The components of stock-based compensation for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 were as follows (in thousands):


	March 31,
	2013		2012		2011
	(in $000’s)
Restricted stock units	$	5,970	$	2,808	$	—
Stock options		2,680		2,722		3,837
Restricted stock		653		2,095		1,480
Employee stock purchase plan		198		148		104

	$	9,501	$	7,773	$	5,421

Stock Options

The following table summarized stock option activity for the year ended March 31, 2013:


	Options (in thousands)			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at beginning of year		4,268		$	10.42		6.03
Granted		367			21.44
Exercised		(337	)		8.68
Cancelled and expired		(70	)		10.67

Outstanding at end of year		4,228		$	11.49		5.37	$	31,627

Exercisable at end of year		3,241		$	10.80		4.62	$	25,538

Options vested and expected to vest at end of year		4,002		$	11.47		5.25	$	29,914

The remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for unvested stock option awards at March 31, 2013 was approximately $3.6 million, net of forfeitures, and the weighted-average period over which this cost will be recognized is 2.7 years.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised for fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011 was $4.6 million, $13.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The total cash received as a result of employee stock option exercises during the years ended March 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 was approximately $2.9 million, $14.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively. The total fair value of options vested in fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011 was $2.6 million, $3.8 million and $4.5 million, respectively.

The weighted average grant-date fair value for options granted during the years ended March 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 was $9.66, $8.35 and $4.72 per share, respectively.

The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option granted at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The fair value of options granted during the years ended March 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 were calculated using the following weighted average assumptions:


	2013			2012			2011
Risk-free interest rate		0.78	%		1.47	%		2.04	%
Expected option life (years)		4.31			5.19			5.30
Expected volatility		56.2	%		53.1	%		50.9	%

The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for a term consistent with the expected life of the stock options. Volatility assumptions are calculated based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock and adjustments for factors not reflected in historical volatility that may be more indicative of future volatility. The Company estimates the expected term of options based on historical exercise experience and estimates of future exercises of unexercised options. An expected dividend yield of zero is used in the option valuation model because the Company does not pay cash dividends and does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company estimates forfeitures based on an analysis of actual historical forfeitures, adjusted to the extent historic forfeitures may not be indicative of forfeitures in the future.

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013:


	Number of Shares (in thousands)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share)
Restricted stock and restricted stock units at beginning of year		871		$	15.76
Granted		400			21.82
Vested		(220	)		13.73
Forfeited		(29	)		20.32

Restricted stock and restricted stock units at end of year		1,022		$	18.44

The remaining unrecognized compensation expense for outstanding restricted stock and restricted stock units, including performance-based awards, as of March 31, 2013 was $9.3 million and the weighted-average period over which this cost will be recognized is 1.7 years.

The weighted average grant-date fair value for restricted stock and restricted stock units granted during the years ended March 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 was $21.82, $18.13 and $10.00 per share, respectively. The total fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock units vested in fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011 was $3.0 million, $1.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

Performance-Based Awards

Included in the restricted stock and restricted stock units activity discussed above are certain awards granted in fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011 that vest subject to certain performance-based criteria.

In May 2012, performance-based awards of restricted stock units for the potential issuance of 195,188 shares of common stock were issued to certain executive officers and employees of the Company, all of which will vest upon achievement of prescribed service milestones by the award recipients and performance milestones by the Company. As of March 31, 2013, the Company has met the prescribed performance milestones for these awards. These awards are still subject to service requirements for vesting for these employees.

In May 2011 and June 2011, performance-based awards of restricted stock units for the potential issuance of 284,000 shares of common stock were issued to certain executive officers and members of the senior management of the Company, all of which will vest upon achievement of prescribed service milestones by the award recipients and performance milestones by the Company. As of March 31, 2013, the Company has met the prescribed milestones for 184,000 shares underlying these awards and believes it is probable that the prescribed performance milestones will be met for the remaining 100,000 shares, and the compensation expense is being recognized accordingly.

During the year ended March 31, 2013, the Company has recorded $3.8 million in stock-based compensation expense for equity awards in which the prescribed performance milestones have been achieved or are probable of being achieved. The remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to these equity awards at March 31, 2013 is $3.9 million based on the Company’s current assessment of probability of achieving the performance milestones. The weighted-average period over which this cost will be recognized is 1.8 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company has an employee stock purchase plan, or ESPP. Under the ESPP, eligible employees, including officers and directors, who have completed at least three months of employment with the Company or its subsidiaries who elect to participate in the purchase plan instruct the Company to withhold a specified amount of the employee’s income each payroll period during a six-month payment period (the periods April 1—September 30 and October 1—March 31). On the last business day of each six-month payment period, the amount withheld is used to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to 85% of the lower of its market price on the first business day or the last business day of the payment period. The Company recognized compensation expense of $0.2 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, related to the ESPP.