Revenue Recognition

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Note 4. Revenue Recognition

The Company generates product revenue through the sale of Impella 2.5, Impella CP, Impella 5.0, Impella LD, Impella 5.5, Impella RP and Impella AIC product sales and related accessories. The Company also earns revenue from preventative maintenance service contracts and maintenance calls.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

•Identification of the performance obligation in the contract

•Determination of the transaction price

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligation in the contract

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied

Identification of contracts and performance obligations

The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when there is an approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of the consideration is probable. The Company's performance obligations consist mainly of transferring control of products and services identified in the contracts, purchase orders or invoices. For each contract, the Company considers the obligation to transfer products and services to the customer, each of which are distinct, to be performance obligations.

Transaction price and allocation to performance obligations

Transaction prices of products or services are typically based on contracted rates with customers and there is only variable consideration in limited instances. To the extent that the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing the expected value method or the most likely amount, depending on the circumstances, to which the Company expects to be entitled. An expected value method may be an appropriate estimate of the amount of variable consideration if an entity has a large number of contracts with similar characteristics whereas the most likely amount method may be an appropriate estimate of the amount of variable consideration if the contract has only two possible outcomes. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available. Sales and other taxes collected on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue.

Consistent with industry practice, the Company generally offers customers a limited right of return for its products. The Company estimates an allowance for future sales returns based on historical return experience, which requires judgment.

Customers typically have a limited time frame to notify the Company of any defective or non-conforming products. The Company’s warranty provision is accounted for using the cost accrual method and is recognized as expense when products are sold and is not considered a separate performance obligation.

If a contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised products or services underlying each performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling prices based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when, or as, obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs when control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or services to a customer.

Product revenue is generally recognized when the customer obtains control of the Company’s product, which occurs at a point in time, and may be upon shipment or upon delivery based on the contractual shipping terms of a contract.

Service revenue is generally recognized over time as the services are rendered to the customer based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The Company recognizes service revenue over the term of the service contract. Services are expected to be transferred to the customer throughout the term of the contract and the Company believes recognizing revenue ratably over the term of the contract best depicts the transfer of value to the customer. Revenue generated from preventative maintenance calls is recognized at a point in time when the services are provided to the customer.

Revenue from the sale of products and services are evidenced by either a contract with the customer or a valid purchase order and an invoice which includes all relevant terms of sale and shipment of product or service provided has been incurred. The Company performs a review of each specific customer's credit worthiness and ability to pay prior to acceptance as a customer. Further, the Company performs periodic reviews of its customers' creditworthiness prospectively.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Revenue is disaggregated from contracts between product revenue and service and other revenue and by geography, which the Company believes best depicts how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The Company generally sells its products and services through a direct sales force in the U.S. and Germany and through direct sales and distribution agreements in other international markets outside the U.S. (e.g., Japan, Europe, Canada, Latin America, Asia-Pacific, Middle East).

The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by products and services:

	Fiscal Years Ended March 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Product revenue	$	984,541	$	806,322	$	806,824
Service and other revenue		47,212		41,200		34,059
Total revenue	$	1,031,753	$	847,522	$	840,883

The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by geographic location:

	Fiscal Years Ended March 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
United States	$	837,613	$	691,579	$	705,409
Europe		131,909		105,320		94,266
Japan		51,694		42,868		35,215
Rest of world		10,537		7,755		5,993
Outside the U.S.		194,140		155,943		135,474
Total revenue	$	1,031,753	$	847,522	$	840,883

Variable Consideration

Returns Reserve

The Company estimates an allowance for future sales returns based on historical return experience, which requires judgment. The Company estimates the amount of its product sales that may be returned by its customers and records this estimate as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized. The Company estimates product return liabilities using the expected value method based on its historical sales information and other factors that it believes could significantly impact its expected returns. The Company’s returns reserve was not material as of March 31, 2022 and 2021.

Rebates and Discounts

The Company provides certain customers with rebates and discounts that are defined in the Company’s contract arrangements with customers and are recorded as a reduction of revenue in the period the related revenue is recognized and the establishment of a liability, which are all included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Rebates normally result from performance-based offers that are primarily based on attaining contractually specified sales volumes as well as product usage. Discounts are normally from early payment incentives. The Company estimates the amount of rebates and discounts based on an estimate of the third-party’s sales and the respective rebate or discount defined in the customer contractual arrangement.

Contract Balances

Contract balances represent amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets when either the Company has transferred goods or services to the customer, or the customer has paid consideration to the Company under the contract. These contract balances include trade accounts receivable and deferred revenue.

Deferred Revenue

The Company’s deferred revenue balance was $26.4 million and $24.3 million as of March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively. The deferred revenue balance is comprised of product shipments in which the Company recognizes revenue when the customer obtains control of the product, and preventative maintenance service contracts in which revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the service contract. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, the Company recognized $23.0 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of March 31, 2021. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, the Company recognized $19.0 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of March 31, 2020.

Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Customer Contract

The Company has certain costs to obtain and fulfill a customer contract, such as commissions and shipping costs. The Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. The Company accounts for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill the promise to transfer the associated products. These costs are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses.