10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x       QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: March 31, 2020

o       TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number: 000-17363

LIFEWAY FOODS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Illinois	36-3442829
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

6431 West Oakton, Morton Grove, IL 60053

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code)

(847) 967-1010

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value	LWAY	Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data file required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)

Large accelerated filer  o	Accelerated filer  o
Non-accelerated filer   o	Smaller reporting company  x
Emerging growth company  o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  o No x

Number of shares of Common Stock, no par value, outstanding as of June 15, 2020: 15,559,303 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements.	3
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	17
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	22
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures.	22
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings.	23
Item 1A.	Risk Factors.	23
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.	23
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities.	24
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosure.	24
Item 5.	Other Information.	24
Item 6.	Exhibits.	24
	Signatures.	25

2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

LIFEWAY FOODS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019

(In thousands)

	March 31, 2020 (Unaudited)			December 31, 2019
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,978		$	3,836
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts and discounts & allowances of $1,467 and $1,100 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 respectively		8,430			6,692
Inventories, net		6,883			6,392
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,279			1,598
Refundable income taxes		1,027			681
Total current assets		19,597			19,199
Property, plant and equipment, net		21,910			22,274
Operating lease right-of-use asset		707			738
Intangible assets
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles		12,824			12,824
Other intangible assets, net		113			152
Total intangible assets		12,937			12,976
Other assets		1,800			1,800
Total assets	$	56,951		$	56,987
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	6,113		$	5,282
Accrued expenses		2,632			4,087
Accrued income taxes		116			154
Total current liabilities		8,861			9,523
Line of credit		2,751			2,745
Operating lease liabilities		427			488
Deferred income taxes, net		1,292			922
Other long-term liabilities		50			58
Total liabilities		13,381			13,736
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, no par value; 2,500 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019		–			–
Common stock, no par value; 40,000 shares authorized; 17,274 shares issued; 15,558 and 15,710 outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		6,509			6,509
Paid-in capital		2,748			2,380
Treasury stock, at cost		(12,796	)		(12,601	)
Retained earnings		47,109			46,963
Total stockholders' equity		43,570			43,251
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	56,951		$	56,987

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

3

LIFEWAY FOODS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data)

	2020			2019
Net Sales	$	25,388		$	24,615
Cost of goods sold		18,624			17,567
Depreciation expense		767			745
Total cost of goods sold		19,391			18,312
Gross profit		5,997			6,303
Selling expense		2,575			3,139
General and administrative expense		3,145			3,492
Amortization expense		39			73
Total operating expenses		5,759			6,704
Income (loss) from operations		238			(401	)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense		(39	)		(69	)
Gain on sale of property equipment		5			25
Other income, net		(3	)		3
Total other income (expense)		(37	)		(41	)
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		201			(442	)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		55			(54	)
Net income (loss)	$	146		$	(388	)
Earnings (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	0.01		$	(0.02	)
Diluted	$	0.01		$	(0.02	)
Weighted average common shares:
Basic		15,623			15,767
Diluted		15,737			15,767

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

4

LIFEWAY FOODS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity 

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Common Stock
	Issued				In treasury						Paid-In		Retained			Total
	Shares		$		Shares			$			Capital		Earnings			Equity
Balance, January 1, 2019		17,274	$	6,509		(1,460	)	$	(12,970	)	$	2,303	$	46,563		$	42,405
Cumulative impact of change in accounting principles, net of tax		–		–		–			–			–		(53	)		(53	)
Issuance of common stock in connection with stock-based compensation		–		–		41			351			142		–			493
Treasury stock purchased		–		–		(82	)		(205	)		–		–			(205	)
Stock-based compensation		–		–		–			–			218		–			218
Net loss		–		–		–			–			–		(388	)		(388	)
Balance, March 31, 2019		17,274	$	6,509		(1,501	)	$	(12,824	)	$	2,663	$	46,122		$	42,470
Balance, January 1, 2020		17,274	$	6,509		(1,564	)	$	(12,601	)	$	2,380	$	46,963		$	43,251
Issuance of common stock in connection with stock-based compensation		–		–		27			210			306		–			516
Treasury stock purchased		–		–		(179	)		(405	)		–		–			(405	)
Stock-based compensation		–		–		–			–			62		–			62
Net income		–		–		–			–			–		146			146
Balance, March 31, 2020		17,274	$	6,509		(1,716	)	$	(12,796	)	$	2,748	$	47,109		$	43,570

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

5

LIFEWAY FOODS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(In thousands) 

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	146		$	(388	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to operating cash flow:
Depreciation and amortization		806			818
Non-cash interest expense		6			6
Non-cash rent expense		(11	)		–
Bad debt expense		1			–
Deferred revenue		(24	)		(24	)
Stock-based compensation		117			353
Deferred income taxes		370			–
(Gain) on sale of property and equipment		(5	)		(25	)
Reserve for inventory obsolescence		–			30
(Increase) decrease in operating assets:
Accounts receivable		(1,739	)		(1,099	)
Inventories		(491	)		(727	)
Refundable income taxes		(346	)		1,490
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		312			(57	)
Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:
Accounts payable		833			1,031
Accrued expenses		(981	)		(207	)
Operating lease asset amortization/liability		(11	)		–
Accrued income taxes		(38	)		(19	)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(1,055	)		1,182
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(403	)		(137	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		5			31
Purchase of investments		–			(15	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(398	)		(121	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Purchase of treasury stock		(405	)		(205	)
Repayment of line of credit		–			(1,330	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(405	)		(1,535	)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(1,858	)		(474	)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period		3,836			2,998
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period	$	1,978		$	2,524
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes, net of (refunds)	$	65		$	(1,525	)
Cash paid for interest	$	35		$	84
Non-cash investing activities
Right-of-use assets recognized at ASU 2016-02 transition	$	–		$	944
Operating lease liability recognized at ASU 2016-02 transition	$	–		$	997
Right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities recognized after ASU 2016-02 transition	$	113		$	242
Non-cash financing activities
Issuance of common stock under equity incentive plans	$	516		$	–

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

6

LIFEWAY FOODS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data)

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, and do not include all of the information and disclosures required for complete, audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, these statements include all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results of all interim periods reported herein. The consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for other interim periods or the full year.

A detailed description of our significant accounting policies can be found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Principles of consolidation

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Lifeway Foods, Inc. and all its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively “Lifeway” or the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates made in preparing the consolidated financial statements include the reserve for promotional allowances, the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, stock-based and incentive compensation, and deferred income taxes.

Revenue recognition

We sell food and beverage products across select product categories to customers predominantly within the United States (see Note 12, Segments, Products and Customers). We also sell bulk cream, a byproduct of our fluid milk manufacturing process. In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, we recognize revenue when control over the products transfers to our customers, which generally occurs upon delivery to our customers or their common carriers. The Company adopted this standard at the beginning of fiscal year 2018, with no significant impact to its financial position or results of operations, using the modified retrospective method. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services, using the five-step method required by ASC 606.

7

For the Company, the contract is the approved sales order, which may also be supplemented by other agreements that formalize various terms and conditions with customers. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.

Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer, which is the delivery of food products which provide immediate benefit to the customer.

We account for product shipping and handling as fulfillment activities with revenues for these activities recorded within net revenue and costs recorded within cost of goods sold. Any taxes collected on behalf of government authorities are excluded from net revenues.

Variable consideration, which typically includes volume-based rebates, known or expected pricing or revenue adjustments, such as trade discounts, allowances for non-saleable products, product returns, trade incentives and coupon redemption, is estimated utilizing the most likely amount method.

Key sales terms, such as pricing and quantities ordered, are established on a frequent basis such that most customer arrangements and related incentives have a one year or shorter duration. As such, we do not capitalize contract inception costs and we capitalize product fulfillment costs in accordance with U.S. GAAP and our inventory policies. We do not have any significant deferred revenue or unbilled receivables at the end of a period. We generally do not receive noncash consideration for the sale of goods, nor do we grant payment financing terms greater than one year.

Advertising and promotional costs

Lifeway expenses advertising costs as incurred. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 total advertising expenses were $536 and $1,088 respectively.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Not yet adopted

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The guidance is effective prospectively as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Management is currently evaluating the impact that the new guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The new guidance is intended to enhance and simplify various aspects of the accounting for income taxes. The new guidance eliminates certain exceptions to the general approach to the income tax accounting model, and adds new guidance to reduce the complexity in accounting for income taxes. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for public business entities for periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Management is currently evaluating the impact that the new guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.

8

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, in November 2018 issued an amendment, ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, and in November 2019 issued two amendments, ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates, and ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. The series of new guidance amends the impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach based on expected losses rather than incurred losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. This may result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. The guidance should be applied on either a prospective transition or modified-retrospective approach depending on the subtopic. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Management is currently evaluating the impact that the new guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.

Note 3 – Inventories, net

Inventories consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Ingredients	$	2,009	$	1,942
Packaging		2,458		2,230
Finished goods		2,416		2,220
Total inventories	$	6,883	$	6,392

Note 4 – Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Land	$	1,565		$	1,565
Buildings and improvements		17,420			17,332
Machinery and equipment		31,085			30,670
Vehicles		778			778
Office equipment		851			851
Construction in process		261			362
		51,960			51,558
Less accumulated depreciation		(30,050	)		(29,284	)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	$	21,910		$	22,274

Note 5 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Gross goodwill	$	10,368		$	10,368
Accumulated impairment losses		(1,244	)		(1,244	)
Goodwill		9,124			9,124
Brand names		3,700			3,700
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets	$	12,824		$	12,824

9

Finite-lived Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets, net consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Recipes	$	44		$	44
Customer lists and other customer related intangibles		4,529			4,529
Customer relationship		985			985
Trade names		2,248			2,248
Formula		438			438
		8,244			8,244
Accumulated amortization		(8,131	)		(8,092	)
Other intangible assets, net	$	113		$	152

Note 6 – Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Payroll and incentive compensation	$	1,707	$	3,009
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		305		285
Real estate taxes		273		398
Other		347		395
Total accrued expenses	$	2,632	$	4,087

Note 7 – Debt

Line of Credit

On May 7, 2018, Lifeway entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) with its existing lender. On April 10, 2019, effective March 31, 2019, Lifeway entered into the First Modification to the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Modified Revolving Credit Facility”) with its existing lender. Under the amendment, the Modified Revolving Credit Facility provides for a revolving line of credit up to a maximum of $9 million (the “Revolving Loan”) with an incremental facility not to exceed $5 million (the “Incremental Facility” and together with the Revolving Loan, the “Loans”).

As of March 31, 2020, we had $2,751 net of $26 of unamortized deferred financing costs, outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility. We had approximately $6,223 available under the Borrowing Base for future borrowings as of March 31, 2020.

As amended, all outstanding amounts under the Loans bear interest, based on a level of the Senior Debt to EBITDA ratio, at Lifeway’s election, at either the lender Base Rate (the greater of either the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.0% to 0.5%, or the Prime Rate) or the LIBOR plus 2.25% to 3.00%, payable monthly in arrears. Lifeway is also required to pay a quarterly unused line fee of 0.25% and, in conjunction with the issuance of any letters of credit, a letter of credit fee. Lifeway’s interest rate on debt outstanding under our Revolving Credit Facility as of March 31, 2020 was 3.66%.

10

The commitment under the Revolving Credit Facility matures May 7, 2021. The Revolving Credit Facility is presented as a long-term debt obligation as of March 31, 2020. The Loans and all other amounts due and owed under the Revolving Credit Facility and related documents are secured by substantially all of our assets.

Amounts available for borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility equal the lesser of (i) the Borrowing Base (as defined below), or (ii) $9 million (plus the amount of any Incremental Facility requested by Lifeway and approved by lender), in each case, as the same is reduced by the aggregate principal amount outstanding under the Loans.

On December 10, 2019, Lifeway entered into the Second Modification to the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, as amended, (the “Second Modification”) with its existing lender. The Second Modification amends the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, as amended, by redefining the “Borrowing Base” and further clarifying the definitions of “Eligible Accounts” and “Eligible Inventory.” The “Borrowing Base” under this amendment means, generally, an amount equal to the sum of (a) 85% of the unpaid amount of all eligible accounts receivable, plus (b) 50% of the value of all eligible inventory. The Second Modification also addresses the calculation of interest after the potential discontinuance of LIBOR and its replacement with a replacement benchmark interest rate.

As amended, the Modified Revolving Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties, and covenants on the part of Lifeway, including financial covenants requiring us to achieve a minimum EBITDA threshold for each of the fiscal quarters through December 31, 2019, and maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of no less than 1.25 to 1.00 for each of the fiscal quarters ending through the expiration date. The Modified Revolving Credit Facility also provides for events of default, including failure to repay principal and interest when due and failure to perform or violation of the provisions or covenants of the agreement, as a result of which amounts due under the Modified Revolving Credit Facility may be accelerated.

We were in compliance with the fixed charge coverage ratio covenant at March 31, 2020.

Note 8 – Leases

Lifeway has operating leases for three retail stores for its Lifeway Kefir Shop subsidiary and office space which includes fixed base rent payments as well as variable rent payments to reimburse the landlord for operating expenses and taxes. The Company also leases certain machinery and equipment with fixed base rent payments and variable costs based on usage. Remaining lease terms for these leases range from less than 1 year to 5 years. Some of our leases include options to extend the leases for up to 5 years and have been included in our calculation of the right-of-use asset and lease liabilities. Lifeway includes only fixed payments for lease components in the measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability. Variable lease payments are those that vary because of changes in facts or circumstances occurring after the commencement date, other than the passage of time. There are no residual value guarantees. We do not currently have leases which meet the finance lease classification as defined under ASC 842.

We do not record leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on the balance sheet. Expense for these short-term leases is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Total lease expense was $179 and $175 (including short term leases) for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Lifeway treats contracts as a lease when the contract conveys the right to use a physically distinct asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration, we direct the use of the asset and obtain substantially all the economic benefits of the asset.

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are measured and recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. We have elected the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components into a single component for all of its leases. For many of our leases such as real estate leases, we are unable to determine an implicit rate; therefore, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future payments for those leases. We include options to extend or terminate the lease in the measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such options. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

11

Future maturities of lease liabilities were as follows

Year	Operating Leases
Nine months ended December 31, 2020	$	272
2021		241
2022		199
2023		71
Thereafter		7
Total lease payments		790
Less: Interest		(58	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	732

The weighted-average remaining lease term for our operating leases was 2.62 years as of March 31, 2020. The weighted average discount rate of our operating leases was 5.45% as of March 31, 2020. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities was $142 and $147 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Note 9 – Commitments and contingencies

Litigation

Lifeway is engaged in various legal actions, claims, and proceedings arising in the normal course of business, including commercial disputes, product liabilities, intellectual property matters and employment-related matters resulting from our business activities.

We record accruals for outstanding legal matters when we believe it is probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. We evaluate, on a periodic basis, developments in legal matters that could affect the amount of any accrual and developments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. If a loss contingency is not both probable and estimable, we do not establish an accrued liability. Currently, none of our accruals for outstanding legal matters are material individually or in the aggregate to our financial position and it is management’s opinion that the ultimate resolution of these outstanding legal matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. However, if we ultimately are required to make payments in connection with an adverse outcome, it is possible that it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Lifeway’s contingencies are subject to substantial uncertainties, including for each such contingency the following, among other factors: (i) the procedural status of the case; (ii) whether the case has or may be certified as a class action suit; (iii) the outcome of preliminary motions; (iv) the impact of discovery; (v) whether there are significant factual issues to be determined or resolved; (vi) whether the proceedings involve a large number of parties and/or parties and claims in multiple jurisdictions or jurisdictions in which the relevant laws are complex or unclear; (vii) the extent of potential damages, which are often unspecified or indeterminate; and (viii) the status of settlement discussions, if any, and the settlement posture of the parties. Consequently, Lifeway cannot predict with any reasonable certainty the timing or outcome of such contingencies, and we are unable to estimate a possible loss or range of loss.

Note 10 – Income taxes

For each interim period, Lifeway estimates the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year and applies that rate to income before provision for income taxes for the period. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was 27.5% compared to 12.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Our effective tax rate may change from period to period based on recurring and non-recurring factors including the relative mix of pre-tax earnings (or losses), the underlying income tax rates applicable to various state and local taxing jurisdictions, enacted tax legislation, settlement of tax audits, the impact of non-deductible items, changes in valuation allowances, and the expiration of the statute of limitations in relation to unrecognized tax benefits. We record discrete income tax items such as enacted tax rate changes and completed tax audits in the period in which they occur.

12

On March 27, 2020, the “Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act” (the CARES Act) was enacted. The CARES act features several tax provisions and other measures that assist businesses impacted by the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The significant tax provisions include an increase in the limitation of the tax deduction for interest expense from 30% to 50% of adjusted earnings in 2019 and 2020, a five-year carryback allowance for net operating losses generated in tax years 2018-2020, increased charitable contribution limitations to 25% of taxable income in 2020, and a retroactive technical correction to the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that makes qualified improvement property placed in service after December 31, 2017 eligible for bonus depreciation. The Company has recorded a $245 income tax benefit related to the net operating loss carryback provisions of the CARES Act for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Unrecognized tax benefits were $90 and $63 at March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We do not expect material changes to our unrecognized tax benefits during the next twelve months.

Note 11 – Stock-based and Other Compensation

In December 2015, Lifeway stockholders approved the 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 3.5 million shares to satisfy awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, unrestricted stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares and performance units to qualifying employees. Under the Plan, the Board or its Audit and Corporate Governance Committee approves stock awards to executive officers and certain senior executives, generally in the form of restricted stock or performance shares. The number of performance shares that participants may earn depends on the extent to which the corresponding performance goals have been achieved. Stock awards generally vest over a three-year performance or service period. At March 31, 2020, 3.351 million shares remain available under the Omnibus Incentive Plan. While we plan to continue to issue awards pursuant to the Plan at least annually, we may choose to suspend the issuance of new awards in the future and may grant additional awards at any time including issuing special grants of restricted stock, restricted stock units, and stock options to attract and retain new and existing executives.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2020:

	Options		Weighted average exercise price		Weighted average remaining contractual life		Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		41	$	10.42		6.22	$	–
Granted		–		–		–		–
Exercised		–		–		–		–
Forfeited		–		–		–		–
Outstanding at March 31, 2020		41	$	10.42		5.97	$	–
Exercisable at March 31, 2020		41	$	10.42		–	$	–

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For the three months ended March 31, 2019 total pre-tax stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations was $1. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 tax-related benefits of $0 was also recognized. As of December 31, 2019, all outstanding options were vested and there was no remaining unearned compensation expense.

Restricted Stock Awards

A Restricted Stock Award (“RSA”) represents the right to receive one share of common stock in the future. RSAs have no exercise price. The grant date fair value of the awards is equal to our closing stock price on the grant date. The following table summarizes RSA activity during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

	RSA’s
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		47
Granted		–
Shares issued upon vesting		–
Forfeited		(12	)
Outstanding at March 31, 2020		35
Weighted average grant date fair value per share outstanding	$	4.34

We expense RSA’s over the service period. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 total pre-tax stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations was $5 and $25, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 tax-related benefits of $1 and $7, respectively, were also recognized. As of March 31, 2020, the total remaining unearned compensation related to non-vested RSA’s was $62, which is expected to be amortized over the weighted-average remaining service period of 1.25 years.

Long-Term Incentive Plan Compensation

Lifeway established long-term incentive-based compensation programs for fiscal year 2017 (the “2017 Plan”) and for fiscal year 2019 (the “2019 Plan”) for certain senior executives and key employees (the “participants”). Under the 2017 Plan, long-term incentive compensation is based on Lifeway’s achievement of certain sales and adjusted EBITDA performance levels versus respective targets established by the Board for the fiscal year. Under the 2019 Plan, long-term equity incentive compensation is based on Lifeway’s achievement of four strategic milestones over a three-year period from Fiscal 2019 through Fiscal 2021.

2017 Plan

Under the 2017 Plan, collectively the participants had the opportunity to earn cash and equity-based incentive compensation in amounts ranging from $0 to $11,025 depending on Lifeway’s performance levels compared to the respective targets and the participants performance compared to their individual objectives. The equity portion of the incentive compensation is payable in restricted stock that vests one-third in each of the three years from the 2017 grant dates. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $49 and $127 was expensed under the 2017 Plan as stock-based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, there is no remaining unearned compensation related to the 2017 Plan.

2019 Plan

Under the 2019 Plan, collectively the participants can earn equity-based incentive compensation in amounts ranging from $0 to $1,776 depending on Lifeway’s performance levels compared to the respective targets. The equity-based incentive compensation is payable in restricted stock that vests 50% of unvested shares in year one, 50% of unvested shares in year two, and 100% of remaining unvested shares in year three from the 2019 grant date. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $13 and $35 was expensed under the 2019 Plan as stock-based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations, respectively.

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2019 Retention Award

During Q1 2019, we awarded a special retention grant (the “2019 Retention Award”) of restricted stock to certain senior executives and key employees (the “participants”). The equity-based incentive compensation is payable in restricted stock that vests one-third in March 2019, one-third in March 2020 and one-third in March 2021. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $43 and $157 was expensed under the 2020 Retention Award as stock-based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, the total remaining unearned compensation related to the 2019 Retention Award was $58, of which $44 and $14 is expected to be recognized in 2020 and 2021, respectively, subject to vesting.

Retirement Benefits

Lifeway has a defined contribution plan which is available to substantially all full-time employees. Under the terms of the plan, we match employee contributions under a prescribed formula. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 total contribution expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations was $118 and $96, respectively.

Note 12 – Segments, Products and Customers

Lifeway’s primary product is drinkable kefir, a cultured dairy product. Lifeway Kefir is tart and tangy, high in protein, calcium and vitamin D. Thanks to our exclusive blend of kefir cultures, each cup of kefir contains 12 live and active cultures and 15 to 20 billion beneficial CFU (Colony Forming Units) at the time of manufacture.

We manufacture (directly or through co-packers) our products under our own brand, as well as under private labels on behalf of certain customers. In addition to our core drinkable kefir products, we offer several lines of products developed through our innovation and development efforts. These include Kefir Cups, a strained, cupped version of our kefir; and Organic Farmer Cheese Cups, a cupped version of our soft cheeses, both served in resealable 5 oz. containers. We also offer Skyr, a strained cupped Icelandic yogurt; Plantiful, a plant-based probiotic beverage made from organic and non-GMO pea protein with 10 vegan kefir cultures; a line of probiotic supplements for adults and children; and a soft serve kefir mix.

Our product categories are:

· Drinkable Kefir, sold in a variety of organic and non-organic sizes, flavors, and types, including low fat, non-fat, whole milk, protein, and BioKefir (a 3.5 oz. kefir with additional probiotic cultures).

· European-style soft cheeses, including farmer cheese in resealable cups.

· Cream and other, which consists primarily of cream, a byproduct of making our kefir.

· ProBugs, a line of kefir products designed for children.

· Other Dairy, which includes Cupped Kefir and Icelandic Skyr, a line of strained kefir and yogurt products in resealable cups.

· Frozen Kefir, available in soft serve and pint-size containers.

Lifeway has determined that it has one reportable segment based on how our chief operating decision maker manages the business and in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. The chief operating decision maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing our performance, has been identified collectively as the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, and Chairperson of the board of directors. Substantially all of our consolidated revenues relate to the sale of cultured dairy products that we produce using the same processes and materials and are sold to consumers through a common network of distributors and retailers in the United States.

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Net sales of products by category were as follows for the three months ended March 31:

	2020				2019
	$		%		$		%
Drinkable Kefir other than ProBugs	$	19,857		78%	$	18,886		77%
Cheese		3,260		13%		2,851		12%
Cream and other		781		3%		1,301		5%
ProBugs Kefir		860		3%		763		3%
Other dairy		371		2%		479		2%
Frozen Kefir (a)		259		1%		335		1%
Net Sales	$	25,388		100%	$	24,615		100%

(a) Includes Lifeway Kefir Shop sales

Significant Customers – Sales are predominately to companies in the retail food industry located within the United States. Two major customers accounted for approximately 21% and 22% of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Note 13 – Related Party Transactions

Lifeway obtains consulting services from the Chairperson of its board of directors. Fees earned are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and were $250 during each of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Lifeway is also a party to a royalty agreement with the Chairperson of its board of directors under which we pay the Chairperson a royalty based on the sale of certain Lifeway products, not to exceed $50 in any fiscal month. Royalties earned are included in selling expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and were $150 during each of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) in this Form 10-Q is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our audited consolidated financial statements, the accompanying notes, and the MD&A included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 (the “Form 10-K”). Unless otherwise specified, any description of “our”, “we”, and “us” in this MD&A refer to Lifeway Foods, Inc. and our subsidiaries.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

In addition to historical information, this quarterly report contains “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “from time to time,” “intend,” “plan,” “ongoing,” “realize,” “should,” “may,” “could," "believe," "future," "depend," "expect," "will," "result," "can," "remain," "assurance," "subject to," "require," "limit," "impose," "guarantee," "restrict," "continue," "become," "predict," "likely," "opportunities," "effect," "change," "predict," and "estimate,” and similar terms or terminology, or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding:

· Expectations of the effect on our financial condition of claims, litigation, environmental costs, contingent liabilities and governmental and regulatory investigations and proceedings;

· Strategy for acquisitions, customer retention, growth, product development, market position, financial results and reserves; Estimates of the amounts of sales allowances and discounts to our customers and consumers;

· Our belief that we will maintain compliance with our loan agreements and have sufficient liquidity to fund our business operations.

Forward looking statements are based on management’s beliefs, assumptions, estimates and observations of future events based on information available to our management at the time the statements are made and include any statements that do not relate to any historical or current fact. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and they involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed, implied or forecast by our forward-looking statements due in part to the risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that include:

· The actions of our competitors and customers, including those related to price competition;

· The decisions of customers or consumers;

· Our ability to successfully implement our business strategy;

· Changes in the pricing of commodities

· The effects of government regulation;

· The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business, suppliers, consumers, customers, and employees;

· Disruptions to our supply chain, or our manufacturing and distribution capabilities, including those due to cybersecurity threats and the COVD-19 outbreak; and

· Such other factors as discussed throughout Part I, Item 1 “Business”; Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors”; and Part II, Item 7 “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and that are described from time to time in our filings with the SEC.

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These factors are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any of our forward-looking statements. Other unknown or unpredictable factors could also have material adverse effects on future results. We intend these forward-looking statements to speak only at the date made. Except as otherwise required to be disclosed in periodic reports required to be filed by public companies with the SEC pursuant to the SEC's rules, we have no duty to update these statements, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Recent Developments

COVID-19 Pandemic Impact

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease ("COVID-19") was first reported and subsequently characterized by the World Health Organization ("WHO") as a pandemic in March 2020. In an effort to reduce the global transmission of COVID-19, various policies and initiatives have been implemented by governments around the world, including orders to close businesses not deemed "essential", shelter-in-place orders enacted by state and local governments, and the practice of social distancing measures when engaging in essential activities.

Local, state, and national governments continue to emphasize the importance of food supply during this pandemic and asked that food manufacturers and retailers remain open to meet the needs of our communities. The health and safety of our employees throughout this pandemic is paramount, and we have taken numerous steps to keep our employees safe including enhanced sanitation protocols, implementation of social distancing measures at our manufacturing operations, masks and personal protective equipment for employees across our facilities, preventative temperature screenings across all manufacturing locations, the rollout of new benefits that help support our employees and their families, and remote work arrangements for administrative support functions to comply with shelter-in-place orders. In addition, a cross-functional task force has been established to monitor and coordinate the Company's response to COVID-19.

Lifeway has seen increased orders from retail customers in North America and Europe in March 2020 in response to increased consumer demand for food at home in response to government mandated social distancing and shelter in place orders in the United States and the immune boosting quality of our products. To date, our manufacturing facilities have not been significantly impacted. We have full production capacity available at all locations at this time. During the first quarter of 2020, Management, anticipating the spread of COVID-19 and its effects, implemented a plan to mitigate effects of COVID-19 on supply and transportation of materials used to make and package our products, staffing, and transportation of our products to customers. While the situation is fluid, we have evaluated all manufacturing locations and do not anticipate any staffing shortages or interruption of our production, transportation and sale of products in the near term.

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Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

	March 31,						Change
	2020			2019			$			%
Net sales	$	25,388		$	24,615		$	773			3.1	%
Cost of goods sold	$	18,624		$	17,567		$	(1,057	)
Depreciation expense		767			745			(22	)
Total cost of goods sold	$	19,391		$	18,312		$	(1,079	)		(5.9	%)
Gross profit	$	5,997		$	6,303		$	(306	)		(4.9	%)
Gross Profit % to net sales		23.6	%		25.6	%
Selling expenses	$	2,575		$	3,139		$	564			18.0	%
Selling expenses % to net sales		10.1	%		12.8	%
General and administrative expenses	$	3,145		$	3,492		$	347			9.9	%
General and administrative % to net sales		12.4	%		14.2	%
Amortization expense	$	39		$	73		$	34			46.6	%
Total operating expenses	$	5,759		$	6,704		$	945			14.1	%
Total operating expense % to net sales		22.7	%		27.2	%
Income (loss) from operations	$	238		$	(401	)	$	639			(159.4	%)
Income from operations % to net sales		0.9	%		(1.6	%)

Net Sales

Net sales finished at $25,388 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2020, an increase of $773 or 3.1% versus prior year. The net sales increase was primarily driven by higher volumes of our branded drinkable kefir, partially offset by lower cream revenues associated with a decline in the market price of butter fat.

Gross Profit

Gross profit as a percentage of net sales was 23.6% during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020. Gross profit percentage was 25.6% in the prior year. The decrease versus the prior year was primarily due to the impact of increased strategic promotional investment, partially offset by a reduction in variable costs. Additionally, depreciation expense increased reflecting our continued investment in manufacturing improvements.

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Selling Expenses

Selling expenses decreased by $564 or 18.0% to $2,575 during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 from $3,139 during the same period in 2019. The decrease versus prior year primarily reflects a reduction in advertising and marketing expense, such as trade shows and other marketing events which were postponed due to COVID-19 and the lower planned spending on in-store demonstrations in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019. Selling expenses as a percentage of net sales were 10.1% during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 compared to 12.8% for the same period in 2019.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased $347 or 9.9% to $3,145 during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 from $3,492 during the same period in 2019. The decrease is primarily a result of lower compensation expense due to organizational changes made in 2019 and lower incentive compensation.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes includes federal, state and local income taxes. The provision for income taxes was $55 during the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to a benefit for income taxes of $54 during the same period in 2019.

Our effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was 27.5% compared to 12.2% in the same period last year. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to non-deductible officer compensation expense, non-deductible compensation expense related to equity incentive awards, separate state tax rates, and the provision for unrecognized tax benefits. The increase was partially offset by the benefit from a net operating loss carryback provision of the CARES Act which went into effect during the first quarter of fiscal year 2020. The increase in the effective tax rate from 2019 to 2020 is due to the fact that the Company has a number of items that are nondeductible or are discrete adjustments to tax expense. Although similar items were reflected in 2019, the percentage effect is substantially different due to the difference in pre-tax income in 2020 compared to the pre-tax loss in 2019.

Our effective tax rate may change from period to period based on recurring and non-recurring factors including the relative mix of pre-tax earnings (or losses), the underlying income tax rates applicable to various state and local taxing jurisdictions, enacted tax legislation, settlement of tax audits, the impact of non-deductible items, changes in valuation allowances, and the expiration of the statute of limitations in relation to unrecognized tax benefits. We record discrete income tax items such as enacted tax rate changes and completed tax audits in the period in which they occur.

Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) limits the deductibility of compensation paid to certain of our executives. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) amendments to Section 162(m), no tax deduction in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 is allowed for compensation paid to any covered employee to the extent that the total compensation for that covered employee exceeds $1,000,000 in any taxable year. Although the Act eliminated the prior tax deduction under Section 162(m) for performance-based executive compensation, it included a transition rule under which the changes to Section 162(m) will not apply to awards made to our covered employees who had the right to participate in our 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan pursuant to written binding contracts in effect as of November 2, 2017, as long as those contracts have not subsequently been modified in any material respect. Accordingly, subject to further guidance from the Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), the performance-based compensation paid to our executives under our Omnibus Plan remained eligible for the Section 162(m) exemption in 2019. Beginning in 2020, compensation exceeding the threshold for covered employees is non-deductible for income tax purposes.

Income taxes are discussed in Note 10 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

At this time, the COVID-19 pandemic has not materially impacted on our operations. We expect to meet our foreseeable liquidity and capital resource requirements through anticipated cash flows from operations; our revolving credit facility; and cash and cash equivalents to ensure the continuation of the Company as a going concern. The success of our business and financing strategies will continue to provide us with the financial flexibility to take advantage of various opportunities as they arise. Given the dynamic nature of COVID-19, we will continue to assess our liquidity needs while continuing to manage our discretionary spending and investment strategies.

Sources and Uses of Cash

Lifeway had a net decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $1,858 during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 compared to a net decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $474 in the same period in 2019. The drivers of the year over year change are as follows:

Net cash used in operating activities was $1,055 during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $1,182 in the same period in 2019. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities is primarily due to $1,490 of income tax refunds received in 2019 and the increased working capital consumption in 2020. Increased working capital consumption was due to increased revenue in March 2020 as consumers anticipated the shelter in place directives that ultimately occurred as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Net cash used in investing activities was $398 during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $121 in the same period in 2019. The higher level of net cash used in investing activities in 2020 reflects higher capital spending. Capital spending was $403 during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 compared to $137 in 2019. Our capital spending is focused in three core areas: growth, cost reduction, and facility improvements. Growth capital spending supports new product innovation and enhancements. Cost reduction and facility improvements support manufacturing efficiency, safety and productivity.

Net cash used in financing activities was $405 during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 compared to net cash used in financing activities of $1,535 in the same period in 2019. We utilized proceeds from our federal and state income tax refunds to repay $1,330 on our revolving line of credit during the first quarter of 2019.

On November 1, 2017, Lifeway’s Board approved an increase in the aggregate amount under our previously announced 2015 stock repurchase program (the “2017 Repurchase Plan Amendment”), by adding to (i.e., exclusive of the shares previously authorized under the 2015 stock repurchase program) the authorization the lesser of $5,185 or 625 shares. We repurchased approximately 178 shares of common stock at a cost of $405 during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 under the 2017 Repurchase Plan Amendment. We repurchased approximately 82 shares of common stock at a cost of $205 during the three-month period ended March 31, 2019 under the 2017 Repurchase Plan Amendment. As of March 31, 2020, there were no shares of common stock that remained available to be purchased under the 2017 Repurchase Plan Amendment. We intend to hold repurchased shares in treasury for general corporate purposes, including issuances under our 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Treasury shares are accounted for using the cost method.

Debt Obligations

On April 10, 2019, effective March 31, 2019, Lifeway entered into the First Modification to the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Modified Revolving Credit Facility”) with its existing lender. Under the amendment, the Modified Revolving Credit Facility provides for a revolving line of credit up to a maximum of $9 million (the “Revolving Loan”) with an incremental facility not to exceed $5 million (the “Incremental Facility” and together with the Revolving Loan, the “Loans”).

As of March 31, 2020, we had $2,751 net of $26 of unamortized deferred financing costs, outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility. We had approximately $6,223 available under the Borrowing Base for future borrowings as of March 31, 2020.

We are in compliance with all applicable financial debt covenants as of March 31, 2020. See Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding our indebtedness and related agreements.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2020. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2020.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

From time to time we are engaged in litigation matters arising in the ordinary course of business. While the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, Lifeway believes that no such matter is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

Except as presented below, there have been no material changes with respect to the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2019 Form 10-K.

Our business may suffer from the severity or longevity of the Coronavirus/COVID-19 global pandemic.

The Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) is currently impacting countries, communities and markets around the world. We cannot, at this time, predict whether COVID-19 will have a long term material impact on our financial condition and result of operations. On March 16, 2020, the food industry, including the Company, grocery stores and their suppliers, and transportation were classified by the U.S. federal government as critical infrastructure industry. As a result, our employees and facilities, as well as our suppliers and the retailers and distributors that sell our products, are able to remain in operation. Despite this and the plans we have in place to mitigate possible effects COVID-19 may have on the productivity of our workforce and operation of our facilities, if significant portions of our workforce are unable to work effectively due to illness, quarantines, government actions or orders, facility closures or other reasons in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, our operations could be impacted. If that happens, we may be unable to produce sufficient products to fully satisfy all purchase orders and some of our costs may not be fully recoverable or adequately covered by insurance. The severity and longevity of the COVID-19 pandemic may also cause customers to suspend their decisions on purchasing our products. In addition, although our suppliers, customers and distributors are also classified as critical infrastructure industries, these changes may disrupt our supply chain, customers or distributors in ways we cannot predict. While we have contingency plans to carry on essential operations, these may not be able to mitigate all potential impacts, the extent to which COVID-19 impacts our business, sales and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period	Total number of shares purchased		Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of a publicly announced program (a)		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that may yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs ($ in thousands) (a)
1/1/2020 to 1/31/2020		97,739	$	2.33		97,739	$	4,275
2/1/2020 to 2/29/2020		35,198	$	2.49		35,198	$	4,188
3/1/2020 to 3/31/2020		45,569	$	1.98		45,569	$	4,098
Fiscal Year 2020		178,406	$	2.27		178,406	$	0

(a) During the fourth quarter of 2015, Lifeway publicly announced a share repurchase program. On November 1, 2017, the Board of Directors amended the 2015 stock repurchase program (the “2017 amendment”), by adding to (i.e., exclusive of the shares previously authorized under the 2015 stock program repurchase) the authorization the lesser of $5,185 or 625 shares. The program has no expiration date. As of March 31, 2020, there were no shares of common stock that remained available to be purchased under the 2017 Repurchase Plan Amendment.

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ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION.

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS.

No.	Description	Form	Period Ending	Exhibit	Filing Date
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Julie Smolyansky	Filed Herewith
31.2	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Eric Hanson	Filed Herewith
32.1	Section 1350 Certification of Julie Smolyansky*	Furnished Herewith
32.2	Section 1350 Certification of Eric Hanson*	Furnished Herewith
99.1	Press release dated June 26, 2020 reporting Lifeway’s financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2020.*	Furnished Herewith
101	Interactive Data Files	Filed Herewith

*       The exhibits deemed furnished with this Form 10-Q and are not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act., whether made before or after the date of the filing of this Form 10-Q and irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	LIFEWAY FOODS, INC.
Date: June 26, 2020	By:	/s/ Julie Smolyansky
		Julie Smolyansky
		Chief Executive Officer, President, and Director
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: June 26, 2020	By:	/s/ Eric Hanson
		Eric Hanson
		Chief Financial & Accounting Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF C.E.O.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Julie Smolyansky, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Lifeway Foods, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors:

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: June 26, 2020	By: /s/ Julie Smolyansky
	Julie Smolyansky
	Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
	(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF C.F.O.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Eric Hanson, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Lifeway Foods, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors:

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: June 26, 2020	By: /s/ Eric Hanson
	Eric Hanson
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

SECTION 906 CERTIFICATION OF C.E.O.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT

TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Lifeway Foods, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2020 as filed with the SEC (the “Report”), the undersigned, in the capacity and on the date indicated below, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to her knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: June 26, 2020	By: /s/ Julie Smolyansky
	Julie Smolyansky
	Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
	(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

SECTION 906 CERTIFICATION OF C.F.O.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT

TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Lifeway Foods, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2020 as filed with the SEC (the “Report”), the undersigned, in the capacity and on the date indicated below, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to his knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: June 26, 2020	By: /s/ Eric Hanson
	Eric Hanson
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

Lifeway Foods, Inc. Announces First Quarter 2020 Results

Delivers Another Sequential Quarter of Sales Improvement with Strong Industry Tailwinds

First Quarter Net Sales Increase 3% In-Line with Expectations

Morton Grove, IL — June 26, 2020—Lifeway Foods, Inc. (Nasdaq: LWAY) (“Lifeway” or “the Company”), the leading U.S. supplier of kefir and fermented probiotic products to support the microbiome, today reported financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2020.

“We started the first quarter off strong, culminating in a double-digit sales increase in the month of March compared to prior year period. This resulted in another quarter of sales improvement, which is in-line with our expectations as we continue to execute on our long-term strategic plan for sustainable, profitable growth,” commented Julie Smolyansky, Lifeway’s President and Chief Executive Officer. “During the quarter, our operations team worked to increase production to meet accelerated demand for retail sales and charitable donations, and our marketing team pivoted to reach shoppers online in the absence of in-store promotions and events. We see kefir becoming a top choice to aid in gut health and microbiome support as consumers focus on self-care, nutrition and wellness improvements to stay healthy this year and beyond. Lifeway remains committed to creating value for all stakeholders through capitalizing on the compelling kefir industry tailwinds across distribution channels and with our innovative product offerings to fuel future growth and success.”

First Quarter Results

Net sales were $25.4 million for the first quarter of 2020, an increase of 3.1% from $24.6 million in the first quarter of 2019.

Gross profit as a percentage of net sales was 23.6% for the first quarter of 2020, an increase of 150 basis points from 22.1% for the fourth quarter of 2019. Gross profit percentage was 25.6% in prior year period. The decrease versus the prior year was primarily due to the impact of increased strategic promotional investment, partially offset by a reduction in variable costs. Additionally, depreciation expense increased reflecting the continued investment in manufacturing improvements.

Selling expenses decreased $0.5 million or 18% to $2.6 million for the first quarter of 2020 from $3.1 million during the same period in 2019. The decrease versus prior year primarily reflects a reduction in advertising and marketing expense, such as trade shows and other marketing events which were postponed due to COVID-19 and the lower planned spending on in-store demonstrations in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019. Selling expenses as a percentage of net sales were 10.1% for the first quarter of 2020 compared to 12.8% for the same period in 2019.

General and administrative expenses decreased $0.4 million or 9.9% to $3.1 million for the first quarter of 2020 from $3.5 million during the same period in 2019. The decrease is primarily a result of lower compensation expense due to organizational changes made in 2019 and lower incentive compensation.

The effective income tax rate for the first quarter of 2020 was 27.5% compared to 12.2% in the same period last year. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to non-deductible officer compensation expense, non-deductible compensation expense related to equity incentive awards, separate state tax rates, and the provision for unrecognized tax benefits. The increase was partially offset by the benefit from a net operating loss carryback provision of the CARES Act which went into effect during the first quarter of fiscal year 2020. The increase in the effective tax rate from 2019 to 2020 is due to the fact that the Company has a number of items that are nondeductible or are discrete adjustments to tax expense. Although similar items were reflected in 2019, the percentage effect is substantially different due to the difference in pre-tax income in 2020 compared to the pre-tax loss in 2019.

The Company reported earnings of $0.01 per diluted share for the first quarter of 2020 compared to a net loss of $(0.02) per diluted share in the first quarter of 2019.

1

About Lifeway Foods, Inc.

Lifeway Foods, Inc., which has been recognized as one of Forbes’ Best Small Companies, is America’s leading supplier of the probiotic, fermented beverage known as kefir. In addition to its line of drinkable kefir, the company also produces cupped kefir and cheese, frozen kefir, specialty cheeses, probiotic supplements and a ProBugs line for kids. Lifeway’s tart and tangy fermented dairy and non-dairy products are now sold across the United States, Mexico, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Learn how Lifeway is good for more than just you at www.lifewaykefir.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

This release (and oral statements made regarding the subjects of this release) contains “forward-looking statements” as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding, among other things, future operating and financial performance, product development, market position, business strategy and objectives. These statements use words, and variations of words, such as “from time to time,” “intend,” “plan,” “ongoing,” “realize,” “should,” “may,” “could,” “believe,” “future,” “depend,” “expect,” “will,” “result,” “can,” “remain,” “assurance,” “subject to,” “require,” “limit,” “impose,” “guarantee,” “restrict,” “continue,” “become,” “likely,” “opportunities,” “effect,” “change,” “estimate,” “continue,” “build,” “future,” “increase,” “drive,” “believe,” “look,” “ahead,” “confident,” “deliver,” “outlook,” “expect,” and “predict.” Other examples of forward looking statements may include, but are not limited to, (i) statements of Company plans and objectives, including the introduction of new products, or estimates or predictions of actions by customers or suppliers, (ii) statements of future economic performance, and (iii) statements of assumptions underlying other statements and statements about Lifeway or its business. You are cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. Forward looking statements are based on management’s beliefs, assumptions, estimates and observations of future events based on information available to our management at the time the statements are made and include any statements that do not relate to any historical or current fact. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and they involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed, implied or forecast by our forward looking statements due in part to the risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that include: the decisions of consumers, our ability to successfully implement our business strategy, changes in the pricing of commodities, the effects of government regulations, the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business, suppliers, consumers, customers and employees, and disruptions in our supply chain or our manufacturing and distribution capabilities, including those due to cyber security threats and the COVID-19 outbreak. A further list and description of these risks, uncertainties, and other factors can be found in Lifeway’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, and the Company’s subsequent filings with the SEC. Copies of these filings are available online at https://www.sec.gov, http://lifewaykefir.com/investor-relations/, or on request from Lifeway. Information in this release is as of the dates and time periods indicated herein, and Lifeway does not undertake to update any of the information contained in these materials, except as required by law. Accordingly, YOU SHOULD NOT RELY ON THE ACCURACY OF ANY OF THE STATEMENTS OR OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED IN ANY ARCHIVED PRESS RELEASE.

Contact:

Lifeway Foods, Inc.

Phone: 847-967-1010

Email: info@lifeway.net

2

LIFEWAY FOODS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019

(In thousands)

	March 31, 2020 (Unaudited)			December 31, 2019
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,978		$	3,836
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts and discounts & allowances of $1,467 and $1,100 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		8,430			6,692
Inventories, net		6,883			6,392
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,279			1,598
Refundable income taxes		1,027			681
Total current assets		19,597			19,199
Property, plant and equipment, net		21,910			22,274
Operating lease right-of-use asset		707			738
Intangible assets
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles		12,824			12,824
Other intangible assets, net		113			152
Total intangible assets		12,937			12,976
Other assets		1,800			1,800
Total assets	$	56,951		$	56,987
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	6,113		$	5,282
Accrued expenses		2,632			4,087
Accrued income taxes		116			154
Total current liabilities		8,861			9,523
Line of credit		2,751			2,745
Operating lease liabilities		427			488
Deferred income taxes, net		1,292			922
Other long-term liabilities		50			58
Total liabilities		13,381			13,736
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, no par value; 2,500 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019		–			–
Common stock, no par value; 40,000 shares authorized; 17,274 shares issued; 15,558 and 15,710 outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		6,509			6,509
Paid-in capital		2,748			2,380
Treasury stock, at cost		(12,796	)		(12,601	)
Retained earnings		47,109			46,963
Total stockholders' equity		43,570			43,251
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	56,951		$	56,987

3

LIFEWAY FOODS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data)

	2020			2019
Net Sales	$	25,388		$	24,615
Cost of goods sold		18,624			17,567
Depreciation expense		767			745
Total cost of goods sold		19,391			18,312
Gross profit		5,997			6,303
Selling expense		2,575			3,139
General and administrative expense		3,145			3,492
Amortization expense		39			73
Total operating expenses		5,759			6,704
Income (loss) from operations		238			(401	)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense		(39	)		(69	)
Gain on sale of property equipment		5			25
Other income, net		(3	)		3
Total other income (expense)		(37	)		(41	)
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		201			(442	)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		55			(54	)
Net income (loss)	$	146		$	(388	)
Earnings (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	0.01		$	(0.02	)
Diluted	$	0.01		$	(0.02	)
Weighted average common shares:
Basic		15,623			15,767
Diluted		15,737			15,767

4

LIFEWAY FOODS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	146		$	(388	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to operating cash flow:
Depreciation and amortization		806			818
Non-cash interest expense		6			6
Non-cash rent expense		(11	)		–
Bad debt expense		1			–
Deferred revenue		(24	)		(24	)
Stock-based compensation		117			353
Deferred income taxes		370			–
(Gain) on sale of property and equipment		(5	)		(25	)
Reserve for inventory obsolescence		–			30
(Increase) decrease in operating assets:
Accounts receivable		(1,739	)		(1,099	)
Inventories		(491	)		(727	)
Refundable income taxes		(346	)		1,490
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		312			(57	)
Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:
Accounts payable		833			1,031
Accrued expenses		(981	)		(207	)
Operating lease asset amortization/liability		(11	)		–
Accrued income taxes		(38	)		(19	)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(1,055	)		1,182
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(403	)		(137	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		5			31
Purchase of investments		–			(15	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(398	)		(121	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Purchase of treasury stock		(405	)		(205	)
Repayment of line of credit		–			(1,330	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(405	)		(1,535	)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(1,858	)		(474	)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period		3,836			2,998
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period	$	1,978		$	2,524
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes, net of (refunds)	$	65		$	(1,525	)
Cash paid for interest	$	35		$	84
Non-cash investing activities
Right-of-use assets recognized at ASU 2016-02 transition	$	–		$	944
Operating lease liability recognized at ASU 2016-02 transition	$	–		$	997
Right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities recognized after ASU 2016-02 transition	$	113		$	242
Non-cash financing activities
Issuance of common stock under equity incentive plans	$	516		$	–

5

XML

7. Debt (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	May 08, 2018
Line of credit balance	$ 2,751	$ 2,745
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Line of credit balance	2,751
Unamortized financing costs	26
Line of credit available	$ 6,223
Credit line effective interest rate	3.66%
Credit line expiration date	May 07, 2021
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Revolving Loan [Member]
Revolving credit facility maximum borrowing capacity			$ 9,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Incremental Facility [Member]
Revolving credit facility maximum borrowing capacity			$ 5,000

XML

4. Property, Plant and Equipment, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property and equipment, gross	$ 51,960	$ 51,558
Less accumulated depreciation	(30,050)	(29,284)
Total property and equipment	21,910	22,274
Land [Member]
Property and equipment, gross	1,565	1,565
Buildings And improvements [Member]
Property and equipment, gross	17,420	17,332
Machinery And Equipment [Member]
Property and equipment, gross	31,085	30,670
Vehicles [Member]
Property and equipment, gross	778	778
Office Equipment [Member]
Property and equipment, gross	851	851
Construction In Progress [Member]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 261	$ 362

XML

11. Stock-based Compensation (Details - Option Activity) - Options [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Options outstanding, beginning balance	41
Options outstanding, ending balance	41	41
Options exercisable		41
Weighted average exercise price, options outstanding, beginning balance	$ 10.42
Weighted average exercise price, options outstanding, ending balance	$ 10.42	$ 10.42
Weighted average exercise price, options exercisable		$ 10.42
Weighted average remaining contractural life, outstanding	5 years 11 months 19 days	6 years 2 months 19 days
Aggregate intrinsic value, options outstanding		$ 0
Aggregate intrinsic value, options exercisable		$ 0

XML

7. Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Note 7 – Debt

Line of Credit

On May 7, 2018, Lifeway entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) with its existing lender. On April 10, 2019, effective March 31, 2019, Lifeway entered into the First Modification to the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Modified Revolving Credit Facility”) with its existing lender. Under the amendment, the Modified Revolving Credit Facility provides for a revolving line of credit up to a maximum of $9 million (the “Revolving Loan”) with an incremental facility not to exceed $5 million (the “Incremental Facility” and together with the Revolving Loan, the “Loans”).

As of March 31, 2020, we had $2,751 net of $26 of unamortized deferred financing costs, outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility. We had approximately $6,223 available under the Borrowing Base for future borrowings as of March 31, 2020.

As amended, all outstanding amounts under the Loans bear interest, based on a level of the Senior Debt to EBITDA ratio, at Lifeway’s election, at either the lender Base Rate (the greater of either the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.0% to 0.5%, or the Prime Rate) or the LIBOR plus 2.25% to 3.00%, payable monthly in arrears. Lifeway is also required to pay a quarterly unused line fee of 0.25% and, in conjunction with the issuance of any letters of credit, a letter of credit fee. Lifeway’s interest rate on debt outstanding under our Revolving Credit Facility as of March 31, 2020 was 3.66%.

The commitment under the Revolving Credit Facility matures May 7, 2021. The Revolving Credit Facility is presented as a long-term debt obligation as of March 31, 2020. The Loans and all other amounts due and owed under the Revolving Credit Facility and related documents are secured by substantially all of our assets.

Amounts available for borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility equal the lesser of (i) the Borrowing Base (as defined below), or (ii) $9 million (plus the amount of any Incremental Facility requested by Lifeway and approved by lender), in each case, as the same is reduced by the aggregate principal amount outstanding under the Loans.

On December 10, 2019, Lifeway entered into the Second Modification to the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, as amended, (the “Second Modification”) with its existing lender. The Second Modification amends the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, as amended, by redefining the “Borrowing Base” and further clarifying the definitions of “Eligible Accounts” and “Eligible Inventory.” The “Borrowing Base” under this amendment means, generally, an amount equal to the sum of (a) 85% of the unpaid amount of all eligible accounts receivable, plus (b) 50% of the value of all eligible inventory. The Second Modification also addresses the calculation of interest after the potential discontinuance of LIBOR and its replacement with a replacement benchmark interest rate.

As amended, the Modified Revolving Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties, and covenants on the part of Lifeway, including financial covenants requiring us to achieve a minimum EBITDA threshold for each of the fiscal quarters through December 31, 2019, and maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of no less than 1.25 to 1.00 for each of the fiscal quarters ending through the expiration date. The Modified Revolving Credit Facility also provides for events of default, including failure to repay principal and interest when due and failure to perform or violation of the provisions or covenants of the agreement, as a result of which amounts due under the Modified Revolving Credit Facility may be accelerated.

We were in compliance with the fixed charge coverage ratio covenant at March 31, 2020.

XML

11. Stock-based and Other Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-based Compensation

Note 11 – Stock-based and Other Compensation

In December 2015, Lifeway stockholders approved the 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 3.5 million shares to satisfy awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, unrestricted stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares and performance units to qualifying employees. Under the Plan, the Board or its Audit and Corporate Governance Committee approves stock awards to executive officers and certain senior executives, generally in the form of restricted stock or performance shares. The number of performance shares that participants may earn depends on the extent to which the corresponding performance goals have been achieved. Stock awards generally vest over a three-year performance or service period. At March 31, 2020, 3.351 million shares remain available under the Omnibus Incentive Plan. While we plan to continue to issue awards pursuant to the Plan at least annually, we may choose to suspend the issuance of new awards in the future and may grant additional awards at any time including issuing special grants of restricted stock, restricted stock units, and stock options to attract and retain new and existing executives.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2020:

	Options		Weighted average exercise price		Weighted average remaining contractual life		Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		41	$	10.42		6.22	$	–
Granted		–		–		–		–
Exercised		–		–		–		–
Forfeited		–		–		–		–
Outstanding at March 31, 2020		41	$	10.42		5.97	$	–
Exercisable at March 31, 2020		41	$	10.42		–	$	–

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 total pre-tax stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations was $1. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 tax-related benefits of $0 was also recognized. As of December 31, 2019, all outstanding options were vested and there was no remaining unearned compensation expense.

Restricted Stock Awards

A Restricted Stock Award (“RSA”) represents the right to receive one share of common stock in the future. RSAs have no exercise price. The grant date fair value of the awards is equal to our closing stock price on the grant date. The following table summarizes RSA activity during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

	RSA’s
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		47
Granted		–
Shares issued upon vesting		–
Forfeited		(12	)
Outstanding at March 31, 2020		35
Weighted average grant date fair value per share outstanding	$	4.34

We expense RSA’s over the service period. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 total pre-tax stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations was $5 and $25, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 tax-related benefits of $1 and $7, respectively, were also recognized. As of March 31, 2020, the total remaining unearned compensation related to non-vested RSA’s was $62, which is expected to be amortized over the weighted-average remaining service period of 1.25 years.

Long-Term Incentive Plan Compensation

Lifeway established long-term incentive-based compensation programs for fiscal year 2017 (the “2017 Plan”) and for fiscal year 2019 (the “2019 Plan”) for certain senior executives and key employees (the “participants”). Under the 2017 Plan, long-term incentive compensation is based on Lifeway’s achievement of certain sales and adjusted EBITDA performance levels versus respective targets established by the Board for the fiscal year. Under the 2019 Plan, long-term equity incentive compensation is based on Lifeway’s achievement of four strategic milestones over a three-year period from Fiscal 2019 through Fiscal 2021.

2017 Plan

Under the 2017 Plan, collectively the participants had the opportunity to earn cash and equity-based incentive compensation in amounts ranging from $0 to $11,025 depending on Lifeway’s performance levels compared to the respective targets and the participants performance compared to their individual objectives. The equity portion of the incentive compensation is payable in restricted stock that vests one-third in each of the three years from the 2017 grant dates. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $49 and $127 was expensed under the 2017 Plan as stock-based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, there is no remaining unearned compensation related to the 2017 Plan.

2019 Plan

Under the 2019 Plan, collectively the participants can earn equity-based incentive compensation in amounts ranging from $0 to $1,776 depending on Lifeway’s performance levels compared to the respective targets. The equity-based incentive compensation is payable in restricted stock that vests 50% of unvested shares in year one, 50% of unvested shares in year two, and 100% of remaining unvested shares in year three from the 2019 grant date. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $13 and $35 was expensed under the 2019 Plan as stock-based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations, respectively.

2019 Retention Award

During Q1 2019, we awarded a special retention grant (the “2019 Retention Award”) of restricted stock to certain senior executives and key employees (the “participants”). The equity-based incentive compensation is payable in restricted stock that vests one-third in March 2019, one-third in March 2020 and one-third in March 2021. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $43 and $157 was expensed under the 2020 Retention Award as stock-based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, the total remaining unearned compensation related to the 2019 Retention Award was $58, of which $44 and $14 is expected to be recognized in 2020 and 2021, respectively, subject to vesting.

Retirement Benefits

Lifeway has a defined contribution plan which is available to substantially all full-time employees. Under the terms of the plan, we match employee contributions under a prescribed formula. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 total contribution expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations was $118 and $96, respectively.

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3. Inventories, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Ingredients	$ 2,009	$ 1,942
Packaging	2,458	2,230
Finished goods	2,416	2,220
Total inventories, net	$ 6,883	$ 6,392

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3. Inventories, net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule Of Inventories

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Ingredients	$	2,009	$	1,942
Packaging		2,458		2,230
Finished goods		2,416		2,220
Total inventories	$	6,883	$	6,392

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8. Leases (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Future maturities of lease liabilities

Year	Operating Leases
Nine months ended December 31, 2020	$	272
2021		241
2022		199
2023		71
Thereafter		7
Total lease payments		790
Less: Interest		(58	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	732

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$ 146	$ (388)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to operating cash flow:
Depreciation and amortization	806	818
Non-cash interest expense	6	6
Non-cash rent expense	(11)	0
Bad debt expense	1	0
Deferred revenue	(24)	(24)
Stock-based compensation	117	353
Deferred income taxes	370	0
(Gain) on sale of property and equipment	(5)	(25)
Reserve for inventory obsolescence	0	30
(Increase) decrease in operating assets:
Accounts receivable	(1,739)	(1,099)
Inventories	(491)	(727)
Refundable income taxes	(346)	1,490
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	312	(57)
Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:
Accounts payable	833	1,031
Accrued expenses	(981)	(207)
Operating lease asset amortization/liability	(11)	0
Accrued income taxes	(38)	(19)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(1,055)	1,182
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(403)	(137)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	5	31
Purchase of investments	0	(15)
Net cash used in investing activities	(398)	(121)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Purchase of treasury stock	(405)	(205)
Repayment of line of credit	0	(1,330)
Net cash used in financing activities	(405)	(1,535)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(1,858)	(474)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period	3,836	2,998
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period	1,978	2,524
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes, net of (refunds)	65	(1,525)
Cash paid for interest	35	84
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Right-of-use assets recognized at ASU 2016-02 transition	0	944
Operating lease liability recognized at ASU 2016-02 transition	0	997
Right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities recognized after ASU 2016-02 transition	113	242
Issuance of common stock under equity incentive plans	$ 516	$ 0

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,978	$ 3,836
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts and discounts & allowances of $1,467 and $1,100 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 respectively	8,430	6,692
Inventories, net	6,883	6,392
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,279	1,598
Refundable income taxes	1,027	681
Total current assets	19,597	19,199
Property and equipment, net	21,910	22,274
Operating lease right-of-use asset	707	738
Intangible assets
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles	12,824	12,824
Other intangible assets, net	113	152
Total intangible assets	12,937	12,976
Other assets	1,800	1,800
Total assets	56,951	56,987
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	6,113	5,282
Accrued expenses	2,632	4,087
Accrued income taxes	116	154
Total current liabilities	8,861	9,523
Line of credit	2,751	2,745
Operating lease liabilities	427	488
Deferred income taxes, net	1,292	922
Other long-term liabilities	50	58
Total liabilities	13,381	13,736
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, no par value; 2,500 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019	0	0
Common stock, no par value; 40,000 shares authorized; 17,274 shares issued; 15,558 and 15,710 outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	6,509	6,509
Paid-in-capital	2,748	2,380
Treasury stock, at cost	(12,796)	(12,601)
Retained earnings	47,109	46,963
Total stockholders' equity	43,570	43,251
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 56,951	$ 56,987

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11. Stock-based Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Options [Member]
Share-based compensation		$ 1
Tax-related benefits		0
Restricted Stock Awards [Member]
Share-based compensation	$ 5	25
Tax-related benefits	7	7
Unearned compensation related to non-vested RSA's	$ 62
Weighted average period for unrecognized compensation	1 year 3 months
2019 Retention Award [Member]
Share-based compensation	$ 43	157
Unearned compensation related to non-vested stock options	58
Compensation expense expected in 2020	44
Compensation expense expected in 2021	$ 14
2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan [Member]
Stock authorized for issuance	3,500
Shares available for issuance	3,351
2017 Plan [Member]
Share-based compensation	$ 49	127
Unearned compensation related to non-vested stock options	0
2019 Plan [Member]
Share-based compensation	13	35
Defined Contribution Plan [Member]
Contribution expense	$ 118	$ 96

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2. Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Use Of Estimates

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates made in preparing the consolidated financial statements include the reserve for promotional allowances, the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, stock-based and incentive compensation, and deferred income taxes.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue recognition

We sell food and beverage products across select product categories to customers predominantly within the United States (see Note 12, Segments, Products and Customers). We also sell bulk cream, a byproduct of our fluid milk manufacturing process. In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, we recognize revenue when control over the products transfers to our customers, which generally occurs upon delivery to our customers or their common carriers. The Company adopted this standard at the beginning of fiscal year 2018, with no significant impact to its financial position or results of operations, using the modified retrospective method. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services, using the five-step method required by ASC 606.

For the Company, the contract is the approved sales order, which may also be supplemented by other agreements that formalize various terms and conditions with customers. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.

Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer, which is the delivery of food products which provide immediate benefit to the customer.

We account for product shipping and handling as fulfillment activities with revenues for these activities recorded within net revenue and costs recorded within cost of goods sold. Any taxes collected on behalf of government authorities are excluded from net revenues.

Variable consideration, which typically includes volume-based rebates, known or expected pricing or revenue adjustments, such as trade discounts, allowances for non-saleable products, product returns, trade incentives and coupon redemption, is estimated utilizing the most likely amount method.

Key sales terms, such as pricing and quantities ordered, are established on a frequent basis such that most customer arrangements and related incentives have a one year or shorter duration. As such, we do not capitalize contract inception costs and we capitalize product fulfillment costs in accordance with U.S. GAAP and our inventory policies. We do not have any significant deferred revenue or unbilled receivables at the end of a period. We generally do not receive noncash consideration for the sale of goods, nor do we grant payment financing terms greater than one year.

Advertising and promotional costs

Advertising and promotional costs

Lifeway expenses advertising costs as incurred. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 total advertising expenses were $536 and $1,088 respectively.

Recently Accounting Pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements

Not yet adopted

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The guidance is effective prospectively as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Management is currently evaluating the impact that the new guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The new guidance is intended to enhance and simplify various aspects of the accounting for income taxes. The new guidance eliminates certain exceptions to the general approach to the income tax accounting model, and adds new guidance to reduce the complexity in accounting for income taxes. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for public business entities for periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Management is currently evaluating the impact that the new guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, in November 2018 issued an amendment, ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, and in November 2019 issued two amendments, ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates, and ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. The series of new guidance amends the impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach based on expected losses rather than incurred losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. This may result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. The guidance should be applied on either a prospective transition or modified-retrospective approach depending on the subtopic. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Management is currently evaluating the impact that the new guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.

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6. Accrued Expenses (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule Of Accrued Expenses

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Payroll and incentive compensation	$	1,707	$	3,009
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		305		285
Real estate taxes		273		398
Other		347		395
Total accrued expenses	$	2,632	$	4,087

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2. Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Advertising expenses	$ 536	$ 1,088

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1. Basis of presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of presentation

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, and do not include all of the information and disclosures required for complete, audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, these statements include all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results of all interim periods reported herein. The consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for other interim periods or the full year.

A detailed description of our significant accounting policies can be found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Principles of consolidation

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Lifeway Foods, Inc. and all its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively “Lifeway” or the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets
Allowance for doubtful accounts and discounts	$ 1,467	$ 1,100
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, no par value
Preferred stock, shares authorized	2,500	2,500
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, no par value
Common stock, shares authorized	40,000	40,000
Common stock, shares issued	17,274	17,274
Common stock, shares outstanding	15,710	15,710

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12. Segments, Products and Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Total sales	$ 25,388	$ 24,615
Total sales percentage	100.00%	100.00%
Drinkable Kefir Other Than ProBugs [Member]
Total sales	$ 19,857	$ 18,886
Total sales percentage	78.00%	77.00%
Cheese [Member]
Total sales	$ 3,260	$ 2,851
Total sales percentage	13.00%	12.00%
Cream and Other [Member]
Total sales	$ 781	$ 1,301
Total sales percentage	3.00%	5.00%
ProBugs Kefir [Member]
Total sales	$ 860	$ 763
Total sales percentage	3.00%	3.00%
Other Dairy [Member]
Total sales	$ 371	$ 479
Total sales percentage	2.00%	2.00%
Frozen Kefir [Member]
Total sales	$ 259	$ 335
Total sales percentage	1.00%	1.00%

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11. Stock-based Compensation (Details - RSA Activity) - Restricted Stock Awards [Member] shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 $ / shares shares
RSA's outstanding, beginning balance	47
RSA's forfeited	(12)
RSA's outstanding, ending balance	35
Weighted average grant date fair value per share | $ / shares	$ 4.34

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8. Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2020	$ 272
2021	241
2022	199
2023	71
Thereafter	7
Total Lease payments	790
Less: Interest	(58)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 732

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5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details - Indefinite assets) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Gross goodwill	$ 10,368	$ 10,368
Accumulated impairment loss	(1,244)	(1,244)
Goodwill	9,124	9,124
Brand names	3,700	3,700
Goodwill & indefinite lived intangible assets	$ 12,824	$ 12,824

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6. Accrued Expenses

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

Note 6 – Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Payroll and incentive compensation	$	1,707	$	3,009
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		305		285
Real estate taxes		273		398
Other		347		395
Total accrued expenses	$	2,632	$	4,087

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10. Income taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income taxes

Note 10 – Income taxes

For each interim period, Lifeway estimates the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year and applies that rate to income before provision for income taxes for the period. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was 27.5% compared to 12.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Our effective tax rate may change from period to period based on recurring and non-recurring factors including the relative mix of pre-tax earnings (or losses), the underlying income tax rates applicable to various state and local taxing jurisdictions, enacted tax legislation, settlement of tax audits, the impact of non-deductible items, changes in valuation allowances, and the expiration of the statute of limitations in relation to unrecognized tax benefits. We record discrete income tax items such as enacted tax rate changes and completed tax audits in the period in which they occur.

On March 27, 2020, the “Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act” (the CARES Act) was enacted. The CARES act features several tax provisions and other measures that assist businesses impacted by the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The significant tax provisions include an increase in the limitation of the tax deduction for interest expense from 30% to 50% of adjusted earnings in 2019 and 2020, a five-year carryback allowance for net operating losses generated in tax years 2018-2020, increased charitable contribution limitations to 25% of taxable income in 2020, and a retroactive technical correction to the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that makes qualified improvement property placed in service after December 31, 2017 eligible for bonus depreciation. The Company has recorded a $245 income tax benefit related to the net operating loss carryback provisions of the CARES Act for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Unrecognized tax benefits were $90 and $63 at March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We do not expect material changes to our unrecognized tax benefits during the next twelve months.

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4. Property, Plant and Equipment, net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of property, plant and equipment

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Land	$	1,565		$	1,565
Buildings and improvements		17,420			17,332
Machinery and equipment		31,085			30,670
Vehicles		778			778
Office equipment		851			851
Construction in process		261			362
		51,960			51,558
Less accumulated depreciation		(30,050	)		(29,284	)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	$	21,910		$	22,274

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11. Stock-based and Other Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock option activity table

	Options		Weighted average exercise price		Weighted average remaining contractual life		Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		41	$	10.42		6.22	$	–
Granted		–		–		–		–
Exercised		–		–		–		–
Forfeited		–		–		–		–
Outstanding at March 31, 2020		41	$	10.42		5.97	$	–
Exercisable at March 31, 2020		41	$	10.42		–	$	–

RSA activity table

	RSA’s
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		47
Granted		–
Shares issued upon vesting		–
Forfeited		(12	)
Outstanding at March 31, 2020		35
Weighted average grant date fair value per share outstanding	$	4.34

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14. Related party transactions (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Consulting fees	$ 250	$ 250
Royalty expense	$ 150	$ 150

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3. Inventories, net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories, net

Note 3 – Inventories, net

Inventories consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Ingredients	$	2,009	$	1,942
Packaging		2,458		2,230
Finished goods		2,416		2,220
Total inventories	$	6,883	$	6,392

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Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Common Stock	In treasury	Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings	Total
Beginning Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2018	17,274
Beginning Balance, Treasury stock shares at Dec. 31, 2018		(1,460)
Beginning Balance, value at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 6,509	$ (12,970)	$ 2,303	$ 46,563	$ 42,405
Cumulative impact of change in accounting principles, net of tax				(53)	(53)
Treasury stock purchased, shares		(82)
Treasury stock purchased, value		$ (205)			(205)
Issuance of common stock in connection with stock-based compensation, shares		41
Issuance of common stock in connection with stock-based compensation, value		$ 351	142		493
Stock-based compensation			218		218
Net income (loss)				(388)	(388)
Ending Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2019	17,274
Ending Balance, Treasury stock shares at Mar. 31, 2019		(1,501)
Ending Balance, value at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 6,509	$ (12,824)	2,663	46,122	42,470
Beginning Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2019	17,274
Beginning Balance, Treasury stock shares at Dec. 31, 2019		(1,564)
Beginning Balance, value at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 6,509	$ (12,601)	2,380	46,963	43,251
Treasury stock purchased, shares		(179)
Treasury stock purchased, value		$ (405)			(405)
Issuance of common stock in connection with stock-based compensation, shares		27
Issuance of common stock in connection with stock-based compensation, value		$ 210	306		516
Stock-based compensation			62		62
Net income (loss)				146	146
Ending Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2020	17,274
Ending Balance, Treasury stock shares at Mar. 31, 2020		(1,716)
Ending Balance, value at Mar. 31, 2020	$ 6,509	$ (12,796)	$ 2,748	$ 47,109	$ 43,570

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Document And Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Jun. 15, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	Lifeway Foods, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0000814586
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2020
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Is Entity's Reporting Status Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		15,559,303
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Enitity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Incorporation State County Code	IL
Entity File Number	000-17363

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12. Segments, Products and Customers

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segments, Products and Customers

Note 12 – Segments, Products and Customers

Lifeway’s primary product is drinkable kefir, a cultured dairy product. Lifeway Kefir is tart and tangy, high in protein, calcium and vitamin D. Thanks to our exclusive blend of kefir cultures, each cup of kefir contains 12 live and active cultures and 15 to 20 billion beneficial CFU (Colony Forming Units) at the time of manufacture.

We manufacture (directly or through co-packers) our products under our own brand, as well as under private labels on behalf of certain customers. In addition to our core drinkable kefir products, we offer several lines of products developed through our innovation and development efforts. These include Kefir Cups, a strained, cupped version of our kefir; and Organic Farmer Cheese Cups, a cupped version of our soft cheeses, both served in resealable 5 oz. containers. We also offer Skyr, a strained cupped Icelandic yogurt; Plantiful, a plant-based probiotic beverage made from organic and non-GMO pea protein with 10 vegan kefir cultures; a line of probiotic supplements for adults and children; and a soft serve kefir mix.

Our product categories are:

· Drinkable Kefir, sold in a variety of organic and non-organic sizes, flavors, and types, including low fat, non-fat, whole milk, protein, and BioKefir (a 3.5 oz. kefir with additional probiotic cultures).

· European-style soft cheeses, including farmer cheese in resealable cups.

· Cream and other, which consists primarily of cream, a byproduct of making our kefir.

· ProBugs, a line of kefir products designed for children.

· Other Dairy, which includes Cupped Kefir and Icelandic Skyr, a line of strained kefir and yogurt products in resealable cups.

· Frozen Kefir, available in soft serve and pint-size containers.

Lifeway has determined that it has one reportable segment based on how our chief operating decision maker manages the business and in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. The chief operating decision maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing our performance, has been identified collectively as the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, and Chairperson of the board of directors. Substantially all of our consolidated revenues relate to the sale of cultured dairy products that we produce using the same processes and materials and are sold to consumers through a common network of distributors and retailers in the United States.

Net sales of products by category were as follows for the three months ended March 31:

	2020				2019
	$		%		$		%
Drinkable Kefir other than ProBugs	$	19,857		78%	$	18,886		77%
Cheese		3,260		13%		2,851		12%
Cream and other		781		3%		1,301		5%
ProBugs Kefir		860		3%		763		3%
Other dairy		371		2%		479		2%
Frozen Kefir (a)		259		1%		335		1%
Net Sales	$	25,388		100%	$	24,615		100%

(a) Includes Lifeway Kefir Shop sales

Significant Customers – Sales are predominately to companies in the retail food industry located within the United States. Two major customers accounted for approximately 21% and 22% of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

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4. Property, Plant and Equipment, net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

Note 4 – Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Land	$	1,565		$	1,565
Buildings and improvements		17,420			17,332
Machinery and equipment		31,085			30,670
Vehicles		778			778
Office equipment		851			851
Construction in process		261			362
		51,960			51,558
Less accumulated depreciation		(30,050	)		(29,284	)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	$	21,910		$	22,274

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8. Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Note 8 – Leases

Lifeway has operating leases for three retail stores for its Lifeway Kefir Shop subsidiary and office space which includes fixed base rent payments as well as variable rent payments to reimburse the landlord for operating expenses and taxes. The Company also leases certain machinery and equipment with fixed base rent payments and variable costs based on usage. Remaining lease terms for these leases range from less than 1 year to 5 years. Some of our leases include options to extend the leases for up to 5 years and have been included in our calculation of the right-of-use asset and lease liabilities. Lifeway includes only fixed payments for lease components in the measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability. Variable lease payments are those that vary because of changes in facts or circumstances occurring after the commencement date, other than the passage of time. There are no residual value guarantees. We do not currently have leases which meet the finance lease classification as defined under ASC 842.

We do not record leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on the balance sheet. Expense for these short-term leases is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Total lease expense was $179 and $175 (including short term leases) for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Lifeway treats contracts as a lease when the contract conveys the right to use a physically distinct asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration, we direct the use of the asset and obtain substantially all the economic benefits of the asset.

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are measured and recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. We have elected the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components into a single component for all of its leases. For many of our leases such as real estate leases, we are unable to determine an implicit rate; therefore, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future payments for those leases. We include options to extend or terminate the lease in the measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such options. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Future maturities of lease liabilities were as follows

Year	Operating Leases
Nine months ended December 31, 2020	$	272
2021		241
2022		199
2023		71
Thereafter		7
Total lease payments		790
Less: Interest		(58	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	732

The weighted-average remaining lease term for our operating leases was 2.62 years as of March 31, 2020. The weighted average discount rate of our operating leases was 5.45% as of March 31, 2020. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities was $142 and $147 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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10. Income taxes (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective income tax rate	27.50%	12.20%
Income tax benefit due to CARES Act	$ 245
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 63	$ 90

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6. Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Payroll and incentive compensation	$ 1,707	$ 3,009
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	305	285
Real estate tax	273	398
Other	347	395
Total accrued expenses	$ 2,632	$ 4,087

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5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Note 5 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Gross goodwill	$	10,368		$	10,368
Accumulated impairment losses		(1,244	)		(1,244	)
Goodwill		9,124			9,124
Brand names		3,700			3,700
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets	$	12,824		$	12,824

Finite-lived Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets, net consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Recipes	$	44		$	44
Customer lists and other customer related intangibles		4,529			4,529
Customer relationship		985			985
Trade names		2,248			2,248
Formula		438			438
		8,244			8,244
Accumulated amortization		(8,131	)		(8,092	)
Other intangible assets, net	$	113		$	152

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9. Commitments And Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments And Contingencies

Note 9 – Commitments and contingencies

Litigation

Lifeway is engaged in various legal actions, claims, and proceedings arising in the normal course of business, including commercial disputes, product liabilities, intellectual property matters and employment-related matters resulting from our business activities.

We record accruals for outstanding legal matters when we believe it is probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. We evaluate, on a periodic basis, developments in legal matters that could affect the amount of any accrual and developments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. If a loss contingency is not both probable and estimable, we do not establish an accrued liability. Currently, none of our accruals for outstanding legal matters are material individually or in the aggregate to our financial position and it is management’s opinion that the ultimate resolution of these outstanding legal matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. However, if we ultimately are required to make payments in connection with an adverse outcome, it is possible that it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Lifeway’s contingencies are subject to substantial uncertainties, including for each such contingency the following, among other factors: (i) the procedural status of the case; (ii) whether the case has or may be certified as a class action suit; (iii) the outcome of preliminary motions; (iv) the impact of discovery; (v) whether there are significant factual issues to be determined or resolved; (vi) whether the proceedings involve a large number of parties and/or parties and claims in multiple jurisdictions or jurisdictions in which the relevant laws are complex or unclear; (vii) the extent of potential damages, which are often unspecified or indeterminate; and (viii) the status of settlement discussions, if any, and the settlement posture of the parties. Consequently, Lifeway cannot predict with any reasonable certainty the timing or outcome of such contingencies, and we are unable to estimate a possible loss or range of loss.

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13. Related party transactions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related party transactions

Note 13 – Related Party Transactions

Lifeway obtains consulting services from the Chairperson of its board of directors. Fees earned are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and were $250 during each of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Lifeway is also a party to a royalty agreement with the Chairperson of its board of directors under which we pay the Chairperson a royalty based on the sale of certain Lifeway products, not to exceed $50 in any fiscal month. Royalties earned are included in selling expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and were $150 during each of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

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8. Leases (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Lease expense	$ 179	$ 175
Weighted average remaining lease term	2 years 7 months 13 days
Weighted average discount rate	5.45%
Operating lease cost	$ 142	$ 147

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5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details - Finite lived) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Cost	$ 8,244	$ 8,244
Accumulated Amortization	(8,131)	(8,092)
Intangible assets, net	113	152
Recipes [Member]
Cost	44	44
Customer Lists And Other Customer Related Intangibles [Member]
Cost	4,529	4,529
Customer Relationships [Member]
Cost	985	985
Trade Names [Member]
Cost	2,248	2,248
Formula [Member]
Cost	$ 438	$ 438

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5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill & indefinite-lived intangible assets

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Gross goodwill	$	10,368		$	10,368
Accumulated impairment losses		(1,244	)		(1,244	)
Goodwill		9,124			9,124
Brand names		3,700			3,700
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets	$	12,824		$	12,824

Schedule of other intangible assets

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Recipes	$	44		$	44
Customer lists and other customer related intangibles		4,529			4,529
Customer relationship		985			985
Trade names		2,248			2,248
Formula		438			438
		8,244			8,244
Accumulated amortization		(8,131	)		(8,092	)
Other intangible assets, net	$	113		$	152

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12. Segments, Products and Customers (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of sales of products by category

	2020				2019
	$		%		$		%
Drinkable Kefir other than ProBugs	$	19,857		78%	$	18,886		77%
Cheese		3,260		13%		2,851		12%
Cream and other		781		3%		1,301		5%
ProBugs Kefir		860		3%		763		3%
Other dairy		371		2%		479		2%
Frozen Kefir (a)		259		1%		335		1%
Net Sales	$	25,388		100%	$	24,615		100%

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12. Segments, Products and Customers (Details Narrative)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Concentration percentage	100.00%	100.00%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Two Customers [Member]
Concentration percentage	21.00%	22.00%

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Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net sales	$ 25,388	$ 24,615
Cost of goods sold	18,624	17,567
Depreciation expense	767	745
Total cost of goods sold	19,391	18,312
Gross profit	5,997	6,303
Selling expense	2,575	3,139
General and administrative expense	3,145	3,492
Amortization expense	39	73
Total operating expenses	5,759	6,704
Income (loss) from operations	238	(401)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(39)	(69)
Gain on sale of property and equipment	5	25
Other income, net	(3)	3
Total other income (expense)	(37)	(41)
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	201	(442)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	55	(54)
Net income (loss)	$ 146	$ (388)
Earnings (loss) per common share - Basic	$ 0.01	$ (0.02)
Earnings (loss) per common share - Dilited	$ 0.01	$ (0.02)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - Basic	15,623	15,767
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - Diluted	15,737	15,767

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2. Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates made in preparing the consolidated financial statements include the reserve for promotional allowances, the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, stock-based and incentive compensation, and deferred income taxes.

Revenue recognition

We sell food and beverage products across select product categories to customers predominantly within the United States (see Note 12, Segments, Products and Customers). We also sell bulk cream, a byproduct of our fluid milk manufacturing process. In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, we recognize revenue when control over the products transfers to our customers, which generally occurs upon delivery to our customers or their common carriers. The Company adopted this standard at the beginning of fiscal year 2018, with no significant impact to its financial position or results of operations, using the modified retrospective method. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services, using the five-step method required by ASC 606.

For the Company, the contract is the approved sales order, which may also be supplemented by other agreements that formalize various terms and conditions with customers. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.

Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer, which is the delivery of food products which provide immediate benefit to the customer.

We account for product shipping and handling as fulfillment activities with revenues for these activities recorded within net revenue and costs recorded within cost of goods sold. Any taxes collected on behalf of government authorities are excluded from net revenues.

Variable consideration, which typically includes volume-based rebates, known or expected pricing or revenue adjustments, such as trade discounts, allowances for non-saleable products, product returns, trade incentives and coupon redemption, is estimated utilizing the most likely amount method.

Key sales terms, such as pricing and quantities ordered, are established on a frequent basis such that most customer arrangements and related incentives have a one year or shorter duration. As such, we do not capitalize contract inception costs and we capitalize product fulfillment costs in accordance with U.S. GAAP and our inventory policies. We do not have any significant deferred revenue or unbilled receivables at the end of a period. We generally do not receive noncash consideration for the sale of goods, nor do we grant payment financing terms greater than one year.

Advertising and promotional costs

Lifeway expenses advertising costs as incurred. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 total advertising expenses were $536 and $1,088 respectively.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Not yet adopted

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The guidance is effective prospectively as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Management is currently evaluating the impact that the new guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The new guidance is intended to enhance and simplify various aspects of the accounting for income taxes. The new guidance eliminates certain exceptions to the general approach to the income tax accounting model, and adds new guidance to reduce the complexity in accounting for income taxes. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for public business entities for periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Management is currently evaluating the impact that the new guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, in November 2018 issued an amendment, ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, and in November 2019 issued two amendments, ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates, and ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. The series of new guidance amends the impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach based on expected losses rather than incurred losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. This may result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. The guidance should be applied on either a prospective transition or modified-retrospective approach depending on the subtopic. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Management is currently evaluating the impact that the new guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.