Long-term Incentive Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Long-Term Incentive Plans [Abstract]

Note 16: Long-term Incentive Plans

Plan Description

The Company maintains the MBIA Inc. 2005 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”). Under the Omnibus Plan a maximum of 10,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock can be used for any type of award including stock options, performance shares, performance units, restricted stock, restricted stock units and dividend equivalents. On May 1, 2012, the Company’s shareholders approved an increase in the total number of shares of common stock reserved and available for issuance under the Omnibus Plan from 10,000,000 shares to 14,000,000. Any shares issued under the Omnibus Plan in connection with stock options shall be counted against this limit as one share covered by such option. For all awards other than stock options, any shares issued shall be counted against this limit as 1.28 shares for every share issued after the May 1, 2012 amendment and two shares for every share issued prior to the May 1, 2012 amendment.

The stock option component of the Omnibus Plan enables key employees of the Company and its subsidiaries to acquire shares of common stock of the Company or to benefit from appreciation in the price of the common stock of the Company. The stock option grants, which may be awarded every year, provide the right to purchase shares of common stock at the fair value of the stock on the date of the grant. Options granted will either be Incentive Stock Options (“ISOs”) that qualify under Section 422(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, or Non-Qualified Stock Options (“NQSOs”). ISOs and NQSOs are granted at a price not less than 100% of the fair value, defined as the closing price on the grant date, of the Company’s common stock. Options are exercisable as specified at the time of grant depending on the level of the recipient (generally four or five years) and expire either seven or ten years from the date of grant (or shorter if specified or following termination of employment).

Under the restricted stock component of the Omnibus Plan, certain employees are granted restricted shares of the Company’s common stock. These awards have a restriction period lasting three to five years depending on the type of award, after which time the awards fully vest. During the vesting period, these shares may not be sold. Restricted stock may be granted to all employees.

Following the effective date of the Omnibus Plan, no new options or awards were granted under any of the prior plans authorized by the shareholders and all shares authorized but unissued were canceled. All stock awards granted under the prior plans and subsequently canceled or expired after the effective date of the Omnibus Plan, become available for grant under the Omnibus Plan.

There were 5,663,974 shares available for future grants under the Omnibus Plan as of December 31, 2015.

In accordance with accounting guidance for share-based payments, the Company expenses the fair value of employee stock options and other forms of stock-based compensation. In addition, the guidance classifies share-based payment awards as either liability awards, which are remeasured at fair value at each balance sheet date, or equity awards, which are measured on the grant date and not subsequently remeasured. Generally, awards with cash-based settlement repurchase features or that are settled at a fixed dollar amount are classified as liability awards, and changes in fair value will be reported in earnings. Awards with net-settlement features or that permit a cashless exercise with third-party brokers are classified as equity awards and changes in fair value are not reported in earnings. The Company’s long-term incentive plans include features which result in equity awards. In addition, the guidance requires the use of a forfeiture estimate. The Company uses historical employee termination information to estimate the forfeiture rate applied to current stock-based awards.

The Company maintains voluntary retirement benefits, which provide certain benefits to eligible employees of the Company upon retirement. A description of these benefits is included in the Company’s proxy statement. One of the components of the retirement program for those employees that are retirement eligible is to continue to vest all performance-based stock options and restricted share awards beyond the retirement date in accordance with the original vesting terms and to immediately vest all outstanding time-based stock options and restricted share grants. The accounting guidance for share-based payment requires compensation costs for those employees to be recognized from the date of grant through the retirement eligible date, unless there is a risk of forfeiture, in which case the compensation cost is recognized in accordance with the original vesting schedule. Accelerated expense, if any, relating to this retirement benefit for both stock option awards and restricted stock awards has been included in the compensation expense amounts.

Restricted Stock

The fair value of the restricted shares awarded, determined on the grant date, was $4 million and $39 million for 2015 and 2014, respectively. The amount of unearned compensation, net of estimated forfeitures, was $20 million as of December 31, 2015, which is expected to be recognized as expense over a weighted average period of 1.8 years. Unearned compensation is amortized to expense over the appropriate three to five-year vesting period (except for a minor portion granted to members of the MBIA Inc. Board of Directors which is amortized over a ten-year period).

Compensation expense related to the restricted shares, net of estimated forfeitures, was $20 million, $18 million and $11 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The tax charge related to the restricted shares awards during 2015 was $2 million. The tax benefit related to the restricted share awards during 2014 and 2013 was $2 million and $1 million, respectively.

A summary of the Company’s restricted shares outstanding as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, and changes during the years ended on those dates, is presented in the following table:

	Restricted Share Activity
	2015			2014			2013
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Price Per Share		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Price Per Share		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Price Per Share
Outstanding at beginning of year	6,358,826	$	10.0047	3,832,115	$	7.6438	7,320,110	$	6.8017
Granted	481,636		8.8012	3,263,472		12.0284	449,931		13.0741
Vested	(2,112,343)		9.8988	(613,641)		5.9661	(969,396)		9.8408
Forfeited	(800)		5.0500	(123,120)		10.2942	(2,968,530)		5.6724
Outstanding at end of year	4,727,319	$	9.9302	6,358,826	$	10.0047	3,832,115	$	7.6438

Stock Options

The Company determines the fair value for stock option awards at the date of grant and is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. This model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions, are fully transferable, and contain both service and some performance conditions. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility.

Employee stock option compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was immaterial. Employee stock option compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, for the year ended December 31, 2013 totaled $2 million. During 2015, 2014, and 2013, there were no stock option awards granted. During 2015, the company expensed a deferred tax asset of $2 million related to the stock option awards as a charge through the income statement. During 2014, and 2013, the Company expensed deferred tax assets of $4 million and $5 million, respectively, related to the stock option awards as a charge to paid-in capital. As of December 31, 2015, there was an immaterial amount of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options.

A summary of the Company’s stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, and changes during the years ended on those dates, is presented in the following tables:

	2015			2014			2013
		Weighted			Weighted			Weighted
		Average			Average			Average
	Number of	Price		Number of	Price		Number of	Price
Options	Shares	Per Share		Shares	Per Share		Shares	Per Share
Outstanding at beginning of year	2,548,000	$	10.9888	3,715,406	$	20.6883	5,963,268	$	19.0485
Exercised	-		-	(400,000)		4.0200	-		-
Expired or forfeited	(222,700)		59.2118	(767,406)		61.5815	(2,247,862)		16.3382
Outstanding at end of year	2,325,300	$	6.3703	2,548,000	$	10.9888	3,715,406	$	20.6883
Exercisable at end of year	2,325,300	$	6.3703	1,798,000	$	13.4660	1,752,311	$	38.5120

The following table summarizes information about outstanding stock options as of December 31, 2015:

	Stock Options Outstanding						Stock Options Exercisable
		Weighted						Weighted
		Average		Weighted	Aggregate			Average		Weighted	Aggregate
		Remaining		Average	Intrinsic			Remaining		Average	Intrinsic
Range of Average	Number of	Contractual		Exercise	Value		Number of	Contractual		Exercise	Value
Exercise Price	Options	Life in Years		Price	(in millions)		Options	Life in Years		Price	(in millions)
$4.02 - $57.71	2,287,500	0.70	$	5.3922	$	4	2,287,500	0.70	$	5.3922	$	4
$58.84 - $70.86	37,800	1.34		65.5624		-	37,800	1.34		65.5624		-
Total	2,325,300	0.71	$	6.3703	$	4	2,325,300	0.71	$	6.3703	$	4

Performance Based Awards

During 2014, the Company granted three million restricted shares to certain key employees which have a vesting schedule dependent on the achievement of certain stock price targets of the Company. The grants and corresponding compensation expense have been included in the above restricted stock disclosures. As permitted by the accounting guidance for share-based payments, the Company estimates the fair value of awards that contain market performance conditions at the date of grant using a binomial lattice model with a Monte Carlo simulation. The binomial lattice model can better incorporate assumptions about a stock price path because the model can accommodate a large number of potential stock prices over the award’s term in comparison to the Black-Scholes model.