Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

EbixCash Exchanges / Revenue Recognition and Contract Liabilities

EbixCash Exchanges ("EbixCash")

EbixCash revenues are primarily derived from the sales of prepaid gift cards and consideration paid by customers for financial transaction services, including services for transferring or exchanging money, and travel transaction services. The significant majority of EbixCash revenue is for a single performance obligation and is recognized at a point in time. These revenues vary by transaction based upon channel, send and receive locations, the principal amount sent, whether the money transfer involves different send and receive currencies, and speed of service, as applicable.

EbixCash also offers several other services, including payment services and ticketing and travel services for which revenue is impacted by various factors. EbixCash acts as the principal in most transactions and reports revenue on a gross basis, as EbixCash controls the service at all times prior to transfer to the customer, is primarily responsible for fulfilling the customer contracts, has the risk of loss, and has the ability to establish transaction prices.

The main services from which EbixCash derives revenue are as follow:

Gift Cards

EbixCash sells general purpose prepaid gift cards to corporate customers and consumers that can be later redeemed at various merchants. The gift cards are co-branded between EbixCash and its card-issuing banking partners and are affiliated with major payment associations such as VISA, Mastercard, and Rupay. The gift cards are sold to a diversified set of corporate customers from various industries. The gift cards are used by corporate customers to disburse incentives to the end users, which are primarily their employees, agents and business associates. The gift cards sold by EbixCash are not reloadable, cannot be used at ATMs or for any other cash-out or funds transfer transactions, and are subject to maximum limits per card (currently INR10,000 or approximately $140). Gift cards issued by EbixCash are valid for a period of 15 months from the date of issuance for virtual cards and three years for physical cards. EbixCash has entered into arrangements with banks and financial institutions to settle payments to merchants based on utilization of the gift cards.

The Company has end-to-end responsibilities related to the gift cards sold, from the activation and ongoing utilization of the gift cards to customer service responsibilities to risk of loss due to fraud on the gift cards sold. EbixCash acts a principal in the sale of gift cards and, thus, gift card revenue is recognized on a gross basis (full purchase value at the time of sale) with the corresponding cost of the gift cards recorded as cost of services provided. Unredeemed gift cards at December 31, 2021 totaled approximately $5.9 million and are recorded as deferred revenues in the financial results.

EbixCash Travel Exchanges

EbixCash Travel revenues are primarily derived from commissions and transaction fees received from various travel providers and international exchanges involved in the sale of travel to the consumer. EbixCash Travel revenue is for a single

performance obligation and is recognized at a point in time. Travel revenues include: (i) reservation commissions, segment fees from global travel exchange providers, and transaction net revenues (i.e., the amount charged to travelers less the amount owed to travel service providers) in connection with our reservation services; (ii) ancillary fees, including travel insurance-related revenues and certain reservation booking fees; and (iii) credit card processing rebates and customer processing fees. EbixCash Travel services include the sale of hotel rooms, airline tickets, bus tickets and train tickets. EbixCash’s Travel revenue is also derived from ticket sales, wherein the commissions payable to EbixCash Travel, along with any transaction fees paid by travel providers and travel exchanges, is recognized as revenue after completion of the service. The transaction price on such services is agreed upon at the time of the purchase.

EbixCash Travel revenue for the corporate meetings, incentives, conferences, and exhibitions ("MICE") packages is recognized at full purchase value at the completion of the obligation with the corresponding costs recorded under cost of services provided. For MICE revenues, EbixCash Travel acts as the principal in transactions and, accordingly, reports revenue on a gross basis. EbixCash Travel controls the service at all times prior to transfer to the customer, is responsible for fulfilling the customer contracts, has the risk of loss, and has the ability to establish transaction prices.

EbixCash Money Transfer

For the EbixCash money transfer business, EbixCash has one performance obligation whereupon the customer engages EbixCash to perform one integrated service. This performance obligation typically occurs instantaneously when the beneficiary entitled to receive the money transferred by the sender visits the EbixCash outlet and collects the money. Accordingly, EbixCash recognizes revenue upon completion of the following: (i) the customer’s acknowledgment of EbixCash’s terms and conditions and the receipt of payment information; (ii) the money transfer has been processed; (iii) the customer has received a unique transaction identification number; and (iv) funds are available to be picked up by the beneficiary. The transaction price is comprised of a transaction fee and the difference between the exchange rate set by EbixCash to the customer and the rate available in the wholesale foreign exchange market, as applicable, both of which are readily determinable at the time the transaction is initiated

Foreign Exchange and Outward Remittance Services

For EbixCash’s foreign exchange and payment services, customers agree to terms and conditions for all transactions, either at the time of initiating a transaction or signing a contract with EbixCash to provide payment services on the customer’s behalf. In the majority of EbixCash’s foreign exchange and payment services, EbixCash makes payments to the recipient to satisfy its performance obligation to the customer and, therefore, EbixCash recognizes revenue on foreign exchange and payment when this performance obligation has been fulfilled.

Consumer Payment Services

EbixCash offers several different bill payment services that vary by considerations, including among other factors: (i) who pays the fee to EbixCash (consumer or biller); (ii) whether the service is offered to all consumers; (iii) whether the service is restricted to existing biller relationships of EbixCash; and (iv) whether the service utilizes a physical agent network offered for consumers’ convenience. The determination of which party is EbixCash’s customer for revenue recognition purposes is based on these considerations for each of EbixCash’s bill payment services. For all transactions EbixCash’s customers agree to EbixCash’s terms and conditions, either at the time of initiating a transaction (where the consumer is determined to be the customer for revenue recognition purposes) or upon signing a contract with EbixCash to provide services on the biller’s behalf (where the biller is determined to be the customer for revenue recognition purposes). As with consumer money transfers, customers engage EbixCash to perform one integrated service - collecting money from the consumer and processing the bill payment transaction. This service provides the billers real-time or near real-time information regarding their customers’ payments and simplifies the billers’ collection efforts. The transaction price on bill payment services is contractual and determinable. Certain biller agreements may include per-transaction or fixed periodic rebates, which EbixCash records as a reduction to revenue.

EbixCash Technology Services

EbixCash also offers on-demand technology to various providers in the area of lending, wealth and asset management, and travel across the world. Additionally, EbixCash provides IT and call center outsourcing services to companies in a variety of industries, both in India and globally. The EbixCash technology software solutions are generally delivered on a SaaS subscription and/or transaction based pricing model. Please see below under "Insurance Exchanges" a description of revenue recognition policies for Software as a Service, Subscription and Transaction Fees, which are similar to how EbixCash technology software solutions revenues are recognized. For IT and call center outsourcing services provided by EbixCash

businesses, revenues are generally recognized on a time and materials or fixed fee basis. Revenues for time and materials are recognized as such services are rendered, while fixed fee revenues are recognized based on the input method driven by the expected hours to complete the project measured against the actual hours completed to date.

Insurance Exchanges

Insurance Exchanges revenues are primarily derived from consideration paid by customers related to our SaaS platforms, related services and the licensing of software. A typical contract for our SaaS platform will also include services for setup, customization, transaction processing, maintenance, and/or hosting. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately may require significant judgment. Set-up and customization services related to our SaaS platforms are not considered to be distinct from the usage fees associated with the SaaS platform and, accordingly, are accounted for as a single performance obligation. These services, along with the usage or transaction fees, are recognized over the contract duration, which considers the significance of the upfront fees in the context of the contract and which may, therefore, exceed the initial contracted term. A customer's transaction volume tends to remain fairly consistent during the contract period without significant fluctuations. The invoiced amount is a reasonable approximation of the revenue that would be allocated to the related period under the variable consideration guidelines in ASC 606-10-32-40. To the extent that a SaaS contract includes subscription services or professional services, apart from the upfront customization, these are considered separate performance obligations. The Company also has separate software licensing (on premise/ perpetual), unrelated to the SaaS platforms, which is recognized at a point in time when the license is transferred to the customer.

Contracts generally do not contain a right of return or refund provisions. Our contracts often do contain overage fees, contingent fees, or service level penalties which are accounted for as variable consideration. Revenue accounted for as variable consideration is immaterial and is recognized using the “right to invoice” practical expedient when the invoiced amount equals the value provided to the customer.

Software-as-a-Service

The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation using the relative stand-alone selling price. Determining the stand-alone selling price may require significant judgment. The stand-alone selling price is the price at which an entity has sold or would sell a promised good or service separately to a customer. The Company determines the stand-alone selling price based on observable price of products or services sold separately in comparable circumstances when such observable prices are available. When standalone selling price is not directly observable, the Company estimates the stand-alone selling price using the market assessment approach by considering historical pricing and other market factors.

Software Licenses

Software license revenues attributable to a software license that is a separate performance obligation are recognized at the point in time that the customer obtains control of the license.

Subscription Services

Subscription services revenues are associated with performance obligations that are satisfied over specific time periods and primarily consist of post-contract support services. Revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contract term. Our subscription contracts are generally for an initial three-year period with subsequent one-year automatic renewals.

Transaction Fees

Transaction revenue is comprised of fees applied to the volume of transactions that are processed through our SaaS platforms. These fees are typically based on a per-transaction rate and are invoiced for the same period in which the transactions were processed and as the performance obligation is satisfied. The amount invoiced generally equals the value provided to the customer, and revenue is typically recognized when invoiced using the as-invoiced practical expedient.

Professional Services

Professional service revenue primarily consists of fees for setup, customization, training, or consulting services. Professional service fees are generally on a time and materials basis or a fixed fee basis. Revenues for time and materials are recognized as such services are rendered, while fixed fee revenues are recognized based on the input method that is driven by

the expected hours to complete the project measured against the actual hours completed to date. Professional services, particularly related to SaaS platforms, may have significant dependencies on the related licensed software and may not be considered a distinct performance obligation.

Risk Compliance Solutions ("RCS")

RCS revenues consist of two revenue streams - Certificates of Insurance ("COI") and consulting services. COI revenues are derived from consideration paid by customers for the creation and tracking of certificates of insurance. These revenues are transaction-based. Consulting services revenues are driven by distinct consulting service engagements rendered to customers, for which revenues are recognized using the output method on a time and material basis as the services are performed.

COI Creation and Tracking

The Company provides services to issue and track certificates of insurance in the U.S. and Australian markets. Revenue is derived from transaction fees for each certificate issued or tracked. The Company recognizes revenue at the issuance of each certificate or over the period the certificate is being tracked.

Consulting Services

The Company provides consulting services to clients around the world for project management and development. Consulting services fees are generally earned on a time and materials basis or a fixed fee basis. Revenues for time and materials are recognized using an output method as the services are rendered, while fixed fee revenues are recognized based on the input method that is driven by the expected hours to complete the project measured against the actual hours completed to date.

Revenue Recognition and Contract Liabilities — The Company derives its revenues primarily from software subscription and transaction fees, software license fees, financial transaction fees, risk compliance solutions services fees, and professional service fees, including associated fees for consulting, implementation, training, and project management provided to customers with installed systems and applications. Sales and value-added taxes are not included in revenues, but rather are recorded as a liability until the taxes assessed are remitted to the respective taxing authorities.

The Company determines revenue recognition by applying the following steps:

•identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

•identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

•determination of the transaction price;

•allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.

The Company analyzes its different services individually to determine the appropriate basis for revenue recognition, as further described earlier in this footnote. Additionally, certain services exist in multiple channels. As Ebix derives revenues from three product/service channels, EbixCash Exchanges, Insurance Exchanges, and Risk Compliance Solutions, for policy disclosure purposes, contracts are discussed in conjunction with the channel to which they are most significant.

The Company assesses the terms of customer contracts, including termination rights, penalties (implied or explicit), and renewal rights.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables present revenue disaggregated by primary geographical regions and product channels for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
	(In thousands)
India*	$	755,543	$	378,660	$	300,678
United States	155,346		166,320		182,530
Australia	37,820		33,846		33,268
Europe	16,366		13,145		14,695
Latin America	12,901		14,801		19,755
Canada*	5,333		4,383		4,805
Singapore*	3,875		3,969		6,549
New Zealand	2,007		1,804		1,955
United Arab Emirates*	1,982		3,335		683
Indonesia*	1,981		3,206		9,706
Philippines*	1,784		2,140		5,991
	$	994,938	$	625,609	$	580,615
*Includes India led businesses for which total revenue was $762.3 million, $388.3 million and $320.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

The Company’s revenues are derived from three product/service groups. Presented in the table below is the breakout of our revenue streams for each of those product/service groups for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

	For the Year Ended
	December 31,
(In thousands)		2021		2020		2019
EbixCash Exchanges		$	749,774	$	386,564	$	319,953
Insurance Exchanges		174,193		178,111		190,067
Risk Compliance Solutions		70,971		60,934		70,595
Totals		$	994,938	$	625,609	$	580,615

Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract

The Company’s capitalized costs are primarily derived from the fulfillment of SaaS-related setup and customizations from which the customer receives benefit through continued access to and use of the SaaS product platforms. In accordance with the guidance in ASC 340-40-25-5, we capitalize the costs directly related to the setup and development of these customizations, which satisfy the Company’s performance obligation with respect to access to the Company’s underlying product platforms. The capitalized costs primarily consist of the salaries of the developers directly involved in fulfilling the project and are solely based on the time spent on that project. The Company amortizes the capitalized costs ratably over the expected useful life of the related customizations, matching our treatment for the related revenue, and the capitalized costs are recoverable from profit margin included in the contract. As of December 31, 2021, and 2020 the Company had $910 thousand and $646 thousand, respectively, of contract costs in “Other current assets” and $912 thousand and $985 thousand, respectively, in “Other assets” on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,630	$	1,897
Costs recognized from beginning balance	(534)		(743)
Additions, net of costs recognized	726		476
Balance, end of period	$	1,822	$	1,630

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities include payments or billings that have been received or made prior to performance. In certain cases cash collections pertain to maintenance and support fees, initial setup or registration fees under hosting agreements, software license fees received in advance of delivery and acceptance, and software development fees paid in advance of completion and delivery. Approximately $6.3 million and $7.2 million of contract liabilities were included in billed accounts receivable at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company records contract liabilities when it receives payments or invoices in advance of the performance of services. A significant portion of this balance relates to contracts where the customer has paid in advance for the use of our SaaS platforms over a specified period of time. This portion is recognized as the related performance obligation is fulfilled (generally less than one year). Part of our performance obligation for these contracts consists of the requirement to provide our customers with continued access to, and use of, our SaaS platforms and associated customizations. Without continued access to the SaaS platform, the customizations have no separate benefit to the customer. Our customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits as we provide access over time. The remaining portion of the contract liabilities balance consists primarily

of customer-specific customizations that are not distinct from related performance obligations that transfer over time. This portion is recognized over the expected useful life of the customizations.

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Balance, beginning of period	$	40,930	$	37,253
Revenue recognized from beginning balance	(30,922)		(32,783)
Additions, net of revenue recognized and currency translation	31,349		36,460
Balance, end of period	$	41,357	$	40,930

Revenue Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

The following table presents our estimated revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations for contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, representing our “contractually committed” revenue as of December 31, 2021 that we will transfer from contract liabilities and recognize in future periods:

Estimated Revenue (In thousands):
For the year ending December 31, 2022	$	4,977
For the year ending December 31, 2023	3,228
For the year ending December 31, 2024	2,067
For the year ending December 31, 2025	1,265
For the year ending December 31, 2026	417
	$	11,954

Our contractually committed revenue, for purposes of the tabular presentation above, is generally limited to service customer contracts with significant programming, setup, and implementation activities related to our SaaS offerings. Our contractually committed revenue amounts generally exclude, based on the following practical expedients that we elected to apply, remaining performance obligations for: (i) contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less; and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount for which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation — The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Ebix and its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries. Noncontrolling interests in net income or losses and net equity are reported in amounts that reflect the noncontrolling party(ies) percentage ownership in the respective subsidiaries. The effect of intercompany balances and transactions has been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates — The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during those reporting periods. Management has made material estimates primarily with respect to revenue recognition and contract liabilities, accounts receivable, acquired intangible assets, annual impairment reviews of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, contingent earn-out liabilities in connection with business acquisitions, and the provision for income taxes. Actual results may be different from those estimates.

Reclassification

Reclassification — Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to be consistent with current year presentation within our consolidated financial statements.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting — Since the Company, from the perspective of its chief operating decision maker, allocates resources and evaluates business performance as a single entity on a worldwide basis, the Company reports as a single segment.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents — The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Such investments are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company does maintain cash balances in banking institutions in excess of federally insured amounts and therefore is exposed to the related potential credit risk associated with such cash deposits.

The Company deposited $30.0 million with a third party bank in a trust account with commingled funds of its outside legal counsel in contemplation of a potential acquisition on December 31, 2020. The funds are included under the heading 'Cash and cash equivalents' in the 2020 consolidated balance sheet due to the nature of the said account, as the account had neither a restriction on the Company's ability to access the funds at its discretion nor did the account have restrictions associated with the potential acquisition that would limit the Company's control over and access to the cash. The contemplated acquisition did not occur and on February 2, 2021 the Company had the cash returned to its primary U.S. operating bank account.

Short-term Investments

Short-term Investments — The Company’s primary short-term investments consist of certificates of deposits with established commercial banking institutions in India that have readily determinable fair values. Ebix accounts for such investments that are reasonably expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed during the year as short-term investments that are available-for-sale. The carrying amount of investments in marketable securities approximates their fair value.

Restricted Cash

Restricted Cash — The carrying value of our restricted cash was $9.1 million and $8.5 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company holds fixed deposits pledged with banks for issuance of bank guarantees and letters of credit related to its India operations for our working capital facilities.

Fiduciary Funds-Restricted

Fiduciary Funds - Restricted — Due to the EbixHealth JV being a third party administrator (“TPA”), the Company collects premiums from insureds and, after deducting its fees, remits these premiums to insurance companies. Unremitted insurance premiums and/or claim funds established for the benefit of various carriers are held in a fiduciary capacity until disbursed by the Company. The use of premiums collected from insureds but not yet remitted to insurance companies is restricted by law in certain states. The total assets held on behalf of others, $2.0 million and $4.1 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, are recorded as an asset and offsetting fiduciary funds - restricted liability.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value Measurements — The Company follows the relevant GAAP guidance regarding the determination and measurement of the fair value of assets/liabilities in which fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction valuation hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance describes the following three levels of inputs that may be used in the methodology to measure fair value:

•Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices available in active markets for identical investments to the reporting entity at the measurement date.

•Level 2 — Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs, which are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

•Level 3 — Unobservable inputs, which are used to the extent that observable inputs are not available, and used in situations where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability and wherein the reporting entity makes estimates and assumptions related to the pricing of the asset or liability including assumptions regarding risk.

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has the following financial instruments for which it had to consider fair values and had to make fair value assessments:

•Short-term investments (commercial bank certificates of deposits and mutual funds), for which the fair values are measured as a Level 1 instrument.

•Contingent accrued earn-out business acquisition consideration liabilities for which fair values are measured as Level 3 instruments. These contingent consideration liabilities were recorded at fair value on the acquisition date and are remeasured quarterly based on the then assessed fair value and adjusted if necessary.

The increases or decreases in the fair value of contingent consideration can result from changes in anticipated revenue levels and changes in assumed discount periods and rates. As the fair value measure is based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market, they are categorized as Level 3.Other financial instruments not measured at fair value on the Company's consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2021 and 2020, but which require disclosure of their fair values include: cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, accrued payroll and related benefits, finance lease obligations, and the revolving line of credit and term loan debt. The Company believes that the estimated fair value of such instruments at December 31, 2021 and 2020 reasonably approximates their carrying value as reported on the consolidated balance sheets.

Costs of Services Provided

Costs of Services Provided — Costs of services provided consist of data processing costs, customer support costs, including personnel costs to maintain our proprietary databases, costs to provide customer call center support, hardware and software expense associated with transaction processing systems and exchanges, telecommunication and computer network expense, and occupancy costs associated with facilities where these functions are performed. Cost of services provided also include the direct expenses associated with our services businesses, including the cost of prepaid gift cards, the cost of travel services provided and the cost of foreign exchange and remittance transactions. Depreciation expense is not included in costs of services provided.

Capitalized Software Development Costs

Capitalized Software Development Costs — In accordance with ASC 350-40 “Internal-Use Software” and ASC 350-985 “Software” the Company expenses costs as they are incurred until technological feasibility has been established, at and after which time those costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers. Costs incurred to enhance our software products, after general market release of the services using the products, is expensed in the period they are incurred. The periodic expense for the amortization of previously capitalized software development costs is included in costs of services provided.

Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets — Goodwill represents the cost in excess of the fair value of the identifiable net assets from the businesses that we acquire. In accordance with ASC 350, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" and ASU No. 2011-08, “Testing Goodwill for Impairment”, goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis or on an interim basis if an event occurred or circumstances change that would indicate that fair value of our reporting unit decreased below its carrying value. Potential impairment indicators include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, customer retention and the sale or disposition of a significant portion of the business. The Company applies the accounting guidance concerning goodwill impairment evaluation, whereby the Company first assesses certain qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances would indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit was less than its carrying amount. If after assessing the totality of events and circumstances, we were to determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then we would perform quantitative impairment testing.

We perform our annual goodwill impairment evaluation and testing as of October 1st of each year or, when events or circumstances dictate, more frequently. No goodwill impairments have occurred nor recognized in 2021 or 2020.

The Company has considered the guidance within ASC 350 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” and ASC 280 “Segment Reporting” in concluding that Ebix effectively operates as one operating and reportable segment and one reporting unit.

The Company’s indefinite-lived assets are primarily associated with the estimated fair value of the contractual customer relationships existing with the property and casualty insurance carriers in Australia using the Company's property and casualty ("P&C") data exchange. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but rather are tested for impairment annually and tested on an interim basis if a triggering event has occurred.

We perform our annual impairment testing of indefinite-lived intangible assets as of October 1st of each year. The annual impairment testing of indefinite-lived intangible assets is performed by comparing the asset's fair value to its carrying value. An impairment charge is recognized if the asset's estimated fair value is less than its carrying value.

To estimate the fair value, we utilize cash flow projections. Projections of cash flows are based on our views of revenue growth rates, operating costs, anticipated future economic conditions, the appropriate discount rates relative to risk, and estimates of residual values and terminal values. We believe that our estimates are consistent with assumptions that marketplace participants would use in their estimates of fair value. The use of different estimates or assumptions for our projected discounted cash flows (e.g., revenue growth rates, future economic conditions, discount rates, and estimates of terminal values) when determining the fair value of our reporting unit could result in different values and may result in a goodwill impairment charge.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, as a result of the analysis performed the Company concluded that the IHC customer relationship indefinite-lived intangible asset associated with the Company's EbixHealth JV had been impaired, the Company recorded a $6.2 million impairment charge within the impairment of intangible asset line on the consolidated statement of income. In addition, the Company concluded in 2020 that the IHC customer relationship intangible was no longer considered indefinite-lived and is being amortized over the remaining estimated life of ten years. During the years ended December 2021, and 2019, we had no impairments to the recorded balances of our indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Finite-lived Intangible Assets

Finite-lived Intangible Assets — Finite-lived intangible assets represent the estimated acquisition date fair value of customer relationships, developed technology, trademarks, non-compete agreements and other intangibles described below obtained in connection with the businesses we acquire. We amortize these intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

	Life
Category	(years)
Customer relationships	4-20
Developed technology	3-15
Airport contract	9
Store networks	5
Dealer networks	15-20
Brand	3-15
Trademarks	3-15
Non-compete agreements	5-7
Database	10

Income Taxes

Income Taxes — The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes pursuant to the pertinent guidance issued by the FASB. Deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets, liabilities, operating losses, and tax credit carry forwards

using the tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. Valuation allowances, if any, are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount management considers more likely than not to be realized. Such valuation allowances are recorded for the portion of the deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realized based on the levels of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the temporary differences will be deductible.

The Company applies the relevant FASB accounting guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes positions. This guidance clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes by prescribing the minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. In this regard we recognize the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position.

Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign Currency Translation — The functional currency is the U.S. dollar for the Company's foreign subsidiaries in Dubai and Singapore. The functional currency of the Company's other foreign subsidiaries is the local currency of the country in which the subsidiary operates. The assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange at the balance sheet dates. Income and expense accounts are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the period. Gains and losses resulting from translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, and are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Foreign exchange transaction gains and losses that are derived from transactions denominated in a currency other than the subsidiary's functional currency are included in the determination of net income.

Advertising

Advertising — With the exception of certain direct-response costs in connection with our business services of providing medical continuing education to physicians, dentists and healthcare professionals, advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs amounted to $6.3 million, $4.8 million, and 9.7 million in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and are included in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

Sales Commissions

Sales Commissions — Certain sales commission paid with respect to subscription-based revenues are deferred and subsequently amortized into operating expenses ratably over the term of the related customer subscription contracts. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, $479 thousand and $650 thousand, respectively, of sales commissions were deferred and included in other current assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company amortized $1.1 million and $763 thousand, respectively, of previously deferred sales commissions and included this expense in operating expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment — Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the assets' estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the expected life of the improvements or the remaining lease term. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred and major improvements that extend the life of the asset are capitalized and depreciated over the expected remaining life of the related asset. Gains and losses resulting from sales or retirements are recorded as incurred, at which time related costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the Company’s accounts. Fixed assets acquired in acquisitions are recorded at fair value. The estimated useful lives applied by the Company for property and equipment are as follows:

	Life
Asset Category	(years)
Buildings	39
Building Improvements	15
Computer equipment	5
Furniture, fixtures and other	7
Software	3
Land Improvements	20
Land	Unlimited life
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of the remaining lease period or 7 years

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements—The following is a brief discussion of recently released accounting pronouncements that are pertinent to the Company's business:

In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): "Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes". ASU 2019-12 is expected to reduce the cost and complexity related to the accounting for income taxes by eliminating the need for an entity to analyze whether the following apply to a given reporting period:

• Exception to the incremental approach for intra period tax allocation;

• Exceptions to accounting for basis differences when there are ownership changes in foreign investments; and

• Exception in interim period income tax accounting for year-to-date losses that exceed anticipated losses.

For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 has not had a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional expedients and exceptions to the current guidance on contract modifications and hedging relationships to ease the financial reporting burdens of the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). The guidance was effective upon issuance and may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated on or before December 31, 2022. The adoption of this guidance has had no impact on the consolidated financial statements as the Company has not yet modified any of the existing contracts in response to the reference rate reform. The impact of this ASU will ultimately depend on the terms of any future contract modification related to a change in reference rate, including potential future modifications to the Company's Credit Facility.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): "Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement". ASU 2018-13 is intended to improve the effectiveness of ASC 820’s disclosure requirements. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that fiscal year.

In February 2018, the FASB issued 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): "Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income". The ASU provides that the stranded tax effects from the Tax Act in accumulated other comprehensive loss may be reclassified to retained earnings. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): "Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment". To simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill, the FASB eliminated Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities). Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. A public business entity filer should adopt the amendments in this ASU for its annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): "Clarifying the Definition of a Business" which amended the existing FASB ASC. The standard provides additional guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting, including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. ASU 2017-01 is effective for fiscal 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this guidance in 2019 and it had an effect classification certain of its recent acquisitions.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13. Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). The main objective of this ASU is to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. An entity must use judgment in determining the relevant information and estimation methods that are appropriate in its circumstances. For public business entities that are U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filers, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company

adopted this new standard and it did not have a material effect on its consolidated balance sheet or consolidated statement of income.In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This accounting guidance is intended to improve financial reporting about leasing transactions. The ASU affects all companies and other organizations that lease assets such as real estate, airplanes, and manufacturing equipment. The ASU requires organizations that lease assets referred to as “Lessees” to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. An organization is to provide disclosures designed to enable users of financial statements to understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. These disclosures include qualitative and quantitative requirements concerning additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. Under the guidance, a lessee is required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than twelve months. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. ASU 2016-02 requires both types of leases (i.e., operating and capital) to be recognized on the balance sheet. The capital lease is accounted for in substantially the same manner as capital leases are accounted for under existing GAAP. For operating leases, there now is the recognition of a lease liability and a lease asset for all such leases greater than one year in term. Public companies were required to adopt the new leasing standard for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. We adopted Topic 842 effective January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective method and did restate comparative periods. As permitted under the transition guidance, we carried forward the assessment of whether our contracts contain or are leases, classification of our leases and remaining lease terms.