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Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
    Description of Business— Ebix, Inc., and its subsidiaries, (“Ebix” or the “Company”) is a leading international supplier of on-demand infrastructure exchanges to the insurance, financial, travel, payment remittances, and healthcare industries. In the insurance sector, the Company’s main focus is to develop and deploy a wide variety of insurance and reinsurance exchanges on an on-demand basis using software-as-a-service ("SaaS") enterprise solutions in the areas of customer relationship management ("CRM"), front-end and back-end systems, and outsourced administrative and risk compliance. The Company's products feature fully customizable and scalable software solutions designed to streamline the way insurance and financial industry professionals manage distribution, marketing, sales, customer service, and accounting activities. With a "Phygital” strategy that combines physical distribution outlets in many Association of Southeast Asian Nations ("ASEAN") countries to an Omni-channel online digital platform, the Company’s EbixCash Financial exchange portfolio of software and services encompasses domestic and international money remittance, foreign exchange ("Forex"), travel, pre-paid gift cards, utility payments, lending, and wealth management in India and other Southeast Asian markets. The Company has its headquarters in Johns Creek, Georgia and also conducts operating activities in Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, Singapore, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand and United Arab Emirates. International revenue accounted for 69.3% and 68.7% of the Company’s total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
    Basis of Presentation—The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and these notes have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") with the effect of inter-company balances and transactions eliminated. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP and SEC rules have been condensed or omitted as permitted by and pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring items) necessary to fairly present the consolidated financial position of the Company and its consolidated results of operations and cash flows. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for future quarters or the full year of 2020. The condensed consolidated December 31, 2019 balance sheet included in this interim period filing has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not necessarily include all of the information and related notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These condensed interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

    Reclassification - There were certain prior year amounts that have been reclassified to be consistent with current year presentation within our financial statements, specifically with respect to the presentation of receivables from service providers and payables to service agents.

    Restricted Cash - The carrying value of our restricted cash in current assets was $7.9 million and $35.1 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The September 30, 2020 balance consists of fixed deposits (many in the form of certificates of deposit) pledged with banks for issuance of bank guarantees and letters of credit related to its India operations.

    The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated statement of financial position to the amounts shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows:
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20202019
(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$88,023 $107,698 
Restricted cash7,902 18,240 
Restricted cash included in other long-term assets6,073 6,566 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows$101,998 $132,504 


    Advertising—Advertising costs amounted to $0.8 million and $3.4 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $2.0 million and $7.6 million for three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The costs are included in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred.
    Fair Value of Financial Instruments—Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction. This guidance establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of assets and liabilities recorded at fair value. The hierarchy reflects the degree to which objective data from external active markets are available to measure fair value. The classification of assets and liabilities within the hierarchy is based on whether the inputs to the valuation methodology used for measurement are observable or unobservable. The classifications are as follows:
•Level 1 Inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices available in active markets for identical investments to the reporting entity at the measurement date.
•Level 2 Inputs - Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs, which are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
•Level 3 Inputs - Unobservable inputs, which are used to the extent that observable inputs are not available. Unobservable inputs, are used in situations where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability and wherein the reporting entity makes estimates and assumptions related to the pricing of the asset or liability, including assumptions regarding risk.

    A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

    As of September 30, 2020, the Company had the following financial instruments to which it had to both consider fair values and make fair value assessments:

•Short-term investments (commercial bank certificates of deposits and mutual funds), for which the fair values are measured as a Level 1 instrument.
•Contingent accrued earn-out business acquisition consideration liabilities, for which fair values are measured as Level 3 instruments. These contingent consideration liabilities were recorded at fair value on the acquisition date and are re-measured quarterly based on the then assessed fair value and adjusted if necessary. The increases or decreases in the fair value of contingent consideration can result from changes in anticipated revenue levels and changes in assumed discount periods and rates. As the fair value measure is based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market, they are categorized as Level 3.

Other financial instruments not measured at fair value on the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2020 that require disclosure of fair values include: cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, fiduciary funds, accounts receivable, receivables from service providers, accounts payable and accrued expenses, accrued payroll and related benefits, payables to service agents, finance lease obligations, working capital facilities, the revolving line of credit and term loan debt. The Company believes that the estimated fair value of such instruments at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 approximates their carrying value as reported on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
    
    Additional information regarding the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis is presented in the following tables:
Fair Values at Reporting Date Using*
DescriptionsBalance, September 30, 2020Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilitie
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
(In thousands)
Assets
Commercial bank certificates of deposits ($381 thousand is recorded in the long
term asset section of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in "Other Assets")
$24,903 $24,903 $— $— 
Mutual funds (recorded in
the long term asset section of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in "Other Assets")		564 564 — — 
Total assets measured at fair value$25,467 $25,467 $— $— 
Liabilities
Contingent accrued earn-out acquisition consideration (a)$3,352 $— $— $3,352 
Total liabilities measured at fair value$3,352 $— $— $3,352 
(a) The income valuation approach is applied and the valuation inputs include the contingent payment arrangement terms, projected revenues and cash flows, rate of return, and probability assessments.
* During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, there were no transfers between fair value Levels 1, 2 or 3.
Fair Values at Reporting Date Using*
DescriptionsBalance, December 31, 2019Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
(In thousands)
Assets
Commercial bank certificates of deposits ($50 thousand is recorded in the long term asset section of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in "Other Assets")
$4,493 4,493 $— $— 
Mutual funds1,058 1,058 — — 
Total assets measured at fair value$5,551 $5,551 $— $— 
Liabilities
Contingent accrued earn-out acquisition consideration (a)$10,095 $— $— $10,095 
Total liabilities measured at fair value$10,095 $— $— $10,095 
(a) The income valuation approach is applied and the valuation inputs include the contingent payment arrangement terms, projected revenues and cash flows, rate of return, and probability assessments.
* During the year ended December 31, 2019, there were no transfers between fair value Levels 1, 2 or 3.
    For the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), the following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for each category therein, and gains or losses recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and during the year ended December 31, 2019:
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Contingent Liability for Accrued Earn-out Acquisition ConsiderationSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(In thousands)
Beginning balance$10,095 $24,976 
Total remeasurement adjustments:
       Gains included in earnings **(3,308)(16,543)
       Foreign currency translation adjustments ***(554)(260)
Acquisitions and settlements
       Business settlements(2,881)1,922 
Ending balance$3,352 $10,095 
The amount of total (gains) losses for the period included in earnings or changes to net assets, attributable to changes in unrealized gains relating to assets or liabilities still held at period-end.$(3,308)$(16,543)
** recorded as a reduction to general and administrative expenses
*** recorded as a component of other comprehensive income within stockholders' equity

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
    The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company's contingent consideration liabilities designated as Level 3 are as follows:
        
(In thousands) Fair Value at September 30, 2020 
Valuation Technique		 Significant
Unobservable
Input
Contingent acquisition consideration:
(Miles acquisition) 		 $3,352Discounted cash flowProjected revenue and
probability of achievement
        
(In thousands) Fair Value at December 31, 2019 
Valuation Technique		 Significant
Unobservable
Input
Contingent acquisition consideration:
(Wdev, Miles, Zillious, and Essel
acquisition) 		 $10,095Discounted cash flowProjected revenue and
probability of achievement
Sensitivity to Changes in Significant Unobservable Inputs
    As presented in the table above, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of contingent consideration related to business acquisitions are projected revenue forecasts, as developed by the relevant members of Company's management team and considers the probability of achievement of those revenue forecasts. The Company applies these inputs in its calculation and determination of the fair value of contingent earn-out liabilities for purchased businesses. During 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, certain of the Company's contingent earn-out liabilities were adjusted because of changes to anticipated future revenues from these acquired businesses, or as a result of finalizing purchase
price allocations that were previously preliminary. The Company paid $2.5 million in September 2020 and $3.6 million in October 2020 to satisfy the Miles earn-out liability.

    Revenue Recognition and Contract Liabilities—The Company derives its revenues primarily from software subscription and transaction fees, software license fees, financial transaction fees, risk compliance solution services fees, and professional service fees, including associated fees for consulting, implementation, training, and project management provided to customers with installed systems and applications. Sales and value-added taxes are not included in revenues, but rather are recorded as a liability until the taxes assessed are remitted to the respective taxing authorities.
    The Company determines revenue recognition by applying the following steps:
•identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;
•identification of the performance obligations in the contract;
•determination of the transaction price;
•allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
•recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.
    The Company analyzes its different services individually to determine the appropriate basis for revenue recognition, as further described below. Additionally, certain services exist in multiple channels. As Ebix derives revenues from three product/service channels, EbixCash Exchanges, Insurance Exchanges, and Risk Compliance Solutions, for policy disclosure purposes, contracts are discussed in conjunction with the channel to which they are most significant.
    The Company assesses the terms of customer contracts, including termination rights, penalties (implied or explicit), and renewal rights.
EbixCash Exchanges ("EbixCash")

    EbixCash revenues are primarily derived from consideration paid by customers for financial transaction (foreign exchange, remittance, other payment solutions) and travel transaction services. The significant majority of EbixCash revenue is for a single performance obligation and is recognized at a point in time. These revenues vary by transaction based upon channel, send and receive locations, the principal amount sent, whether the money transfer involves different send and receive currencies, and speed of service, as applicable. EbixCash also offers other services, including payment services and ticketing and travel services, for which revenue is impacted by various factors. EbixCash acts as the principal in most transactions and reports revenue on a gross basis, as EbixCash controls the service at all times prior to transfer to the customer, is primarily responsible for fulfilling the customer contracts, has the risk of loss, and has the ability to establish transaction prices. The main services from which EbixCash derives revenue are as follow:

EbixCash Travel Exchanges

    EbixCash Travel revenues are primarily derived from commissions and transaction fees received from various travel providers and international exchanges involved in the sale of travel to the consumer. EbixCash Travel revenue is for a single performance obligation and is recognized at a point in time. Travel revenues include reservation commissions, segment fees from global travel exchange providers, and transaction net revenues (i.e., the amount charged to travelers less the amount owed to travel service providers) in connection with our reservation services; ancillary fees, including travel insurance-related revenues and certain reservation booking fees; and credit card processing rebates and customer processing fees. EbixCash Travel services include the sale of hotel rooms, airline tickets, bus tickets and train tickets. EbixCash’s Travel revenue is also derived from ticket sales, wherein the commissions payable to EbixCash Travel, along with any transaction fees paid by travel providers and travel exchanges, is recognized as revenue after completion of the service. The transaction price on such services is agreed upon at the time of the purchase.

    EbixCash Travel revenue for the corporate MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions) packages is recognized at full purchase value at the completion of the obligation with the corresponding costs recorded under direct expenses. For MICE revenues, EbixCash Travel acts as the principal in transactions and, accordingly, reports revenue on a gross basis. EbixCash Travel controls the service at all times prior to transfer to the customer, is responsible for fulfilling the customer contracts, has the risk of loss, and has the ability to establish transaction prices.
EbixCash Money Transfer

    For the EbixCash money transfer business, EbixCash has one performance obligation whereupon the customer engages EbixCash to perform one integrated service. This typically occurs instantaneously when the beneficiary entitled to receive the money transferred by the sender visits the EbixCash outlet and collects the money. Accordingly, EbixCash recognizes revenue upon completion of the following: 1) the customer’s acknowledgment of EbixCash’s terms and conditions and the receipt of payment information, 2) the money transfer has been processed, 3) the customer has received a unique transaction identification number, and 4) funds are available to be picked up by the beneficiary. The transaction price is comprised of a transaction fee and the difference between the exchange rate set by EbixCash to the customer and the rate available in the wholesale foreign exchange market, as applicable, both of which are readily determinable at the time the transaction is initiated.

Foreign Exchange and Payment Services

    For EbixCash’s foreign exchange and payment services, customers agree to terms and conditions for all transactions, either at the time of initiating a transaction or signing a contract with EbixCash to provide payment services on the customer’s behalf. In the majority of EbixCash’s foreign exchange and payment services transactions, EbixCash makes payments to the recipient to satisfy its performance obligation to the customer, and, therefore, EbixCash recognizes revenue on foreign exchange and payment when this performance obligation has been fulfilled.

Consumer Payment Services

    EbixCash offers several different bill payment services that vary by considerations such as: 1) who pays the fee to EbixCash (consumer or biller), 2) whether or not the service is offered to all consumers, 3) whether the service is restricted to existing biller relationship of EbixCash, and 4) whether the service utilizes a physical agent network offered for consumers’ convenience, among other factors. The determination of which party is EbixCash’s customer for revenue recognition purposes is based on these considerations for each of EbixCash’s bill payment services. For all transactions, EbixCash’s customers agree to EbixCash’s terms and conditions, either at the time of initiating a transaction (where the consumer is determined to be the customer for revenue recognition purposes) or upon signing a contract with EbixCash to provide services on the biller’s behalf (where the biller is determined to be the customer for revenue recognition purposes). As with consumer money transfers, customers engage EbixCash to perform one integrated service, collect money from the consumer and process the bill payment transaction, thereby providing the billers real-time or near real-time information regarding their customers’ payments and, thus, simplifying the billers’ collection efforts. EbixCash’s revenues from bill payment services are generated from contracts to process transactions at any time during the duration of the contract. The transaction price on bill payment services is contractual and determinable. Certain biller agreements may include per-transaction or fixed periodic rebates, which EbixCash records as a reduction to revenue.

Gift Cards

    EbixCash sells gift cards to corporate clients and consumers that can be later redeemed at various merchants. A majority of gift card sales are virtual card sales versus physical card sales. EbixCash acts a principal in the gift card sales transactions. The Company has the risk of loss, the ability to set transaction prices and end-to-end customer care responsibilities from the time of the sale to the utliization of the gift cards by the end user. Gift card revenue is recognized at the full purchase value at the time of sale with the corresponding cost of vouchers recorded as cost of services provided. Unredeemed gift cards at September 30, 2020 are not significant to the financial results of the Company.

EbixCash Technology Services
    
    EbixCash also offers on-demand technology to various providers in the area of lending, wealth & asset management, travel and logistics across the world.    
Insurance Exchanges
    
    Insurance Exchanges revenues are primarily derived from consideration paid by customers related to the Company's SaaS platforms, related services, and the licensing of software. A typical contract for a SaaS platform will also include services for setup, customization, transaction processing, maintenance, and/or hosting. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately may require significant judgment. Set-up and customization services related to SaaS platforms are not considered to be distinct from the usage fees associated with the
SaaS platform and, accordingly, are accounted for as a single performance obligation. These services, along with the usage or transaction fees, are recognized over the contract duration, which considers the significance of the upfront fees in the context of the contract and which may, therefore, exceed the initial contracted term. A customer's transaction volume tends to remain fairly consistent during the contract period without significant fluctuations. The invoiced amount is a reasonable approximation of the revenue that would be allocated to the related period under the variable consideration guidelines in ASC 606-10-32-40. To the extent that a SaaS contract includes subscription services or professional services, apart from the upfront customization, these are considered separate performance obligations. The Company also has separate software licensing (on premise/perpetual), unrelated to the SasS platforms, which is recognized at a point in time when the license is transferred to the customer.
    Contracts generally do not contain a right of return or refund provisions. The contracts often do contain overage fees, contingent fees, or service level penalties that are accounted for as variable consideration. Revenue accounted for as variable consideration is recognized using the “right to invoice” practical expedient when the invoiced amount equals the value provided to the customer.
Software-as-a-Service ("SaaS")

    The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation using the relative stand-alone selling price. Determining the stand-alone selling price may require significant judgment. The stand-alone selling price is the price at which an entity has sold or would sell a promised good or service separately to a customer. The Company determines the stand-alone selling price based on the observable price of products or services sold separately in comparable circumstances, when such observable prices are available. When standalone selling price is not directly observable, the Company estimates the stand-alone selling price using the market assessment approach by considering historical pricing and other market factors.

Software Licenses
    Software license revenues attributable to a software license that is a separate performance obligation are recognized at the point in time that the customer obtains control of the license.
Subscription Services

    Subscription services revenues are associated with performance obligations that are satisfied over specific time periods and primarily consist of post-contract support services. Revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contract term. The Company's subscription contracts are generally for an initial three-year period with subsequent one-year automatic renewals.

Transaction Fees
    
    Transaction revenue is comprised of fees applied to the volume of transactions that are processed through SaaS platforms. These fees are typically based on a per-transaction rate and are invoiced for the same period in which the transactions were processed and as the performance obligation is satisfied. The amount invoiced generally equals the value provided to the customer, and revenue is typically recognized when invoiced using the as-invoiced practical expedient.

Professional Services

    Professional service revenue primarily consists of fees for setup, customization, training, or consulting services. Professional service fees are generally on either a time and materials basis or a fixed fee basis. Revenues for time and materials are recognized as such services are rendered, while fixed fee revenues are recognized based on the input method that is driven by the expected hours to complete the project measured against the actual hours completed to date. Professional services, particularly related to SaaS platforms, may have significant dependencies on the related licensed software and may not be considered a distinct performance obligation.

Risk Compliance Solutions ("RCS")

    RCS revenues consist of two revenue streams - Certificates of Insurance (COI) and Consulting Services. COI revenues are derived from consideration paid by customers for the creation and tracking of certificates of insurance. These are transactional-based revenues. Consulting Services revenues are driven by distinct consulting service engagements rendered to customers, for which revenues are recognized using the output method on a time and material basis as the services are performed.
COI Creation and Tracking

    The Company provides services to issue and track certificates of insurance in the United States and Australian markets. Revenue is derived from transaction fees for each certificate issued or tracked. The Company recognizes revenue at the issuance of each certificate or over the period the certificate is being tracked.


Consulting Services

    The Company provides consulting services to clients around the world for project management and development. Consulting services fees are generally on either a time and materials basis or a fixed fee basis. Revenues for time and materials are recognized using an output method as the services are rendered, while fixed fee revenues are recognized based on the input method that is driven by the expected hours to complete the project measured against the actual hours completed to date.

Disaggregation of Revenue
    The following tables present revenue disaggregated by primary geographical regions and product/service channels for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
Revenue:2020201920202019
(In thousands)
India*$93,403 $77,145 $219,953 $223,962 
United States40,124 45,038 123,750 136,181 
Australia8,187 8,643 23,773 25,997 
Latin America3,633 5,400 11,447 14,397 
Europe3,306 3,584 9,836 11,005 
Canada1,122 1,207 3,355 3,516 
Singapore*896 1,260 2,944 5,404 
Indonesia*394 2,004 2,714 7,177 
United Arab Emirates*2,568 273 2,702 607 
Philippines*213 2,185 1,742 4,682 
New Zealand459 494 1,277 1,504 
$154,305 $147,233 $403,493 $434,432 
*Primarily India led businesses for which total revenue was $96.8 million and $227.9 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $82.1 million and $238.8 million in the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.
    The Company’s revenues are derived from three product/service channels: EbixCash Exchanges, Insurance Exchanges, and Risk Compliance Solutions ("RCS").
    Presented in the table below is the breakout of our revenue streams for each of those product/service channels for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30,September 30,
2020201920202019
(In thousands)
EbixCash Exchanges96,772 82,085 $227,867 $238,770 
Insurance Exchanges42,382 47,385 129,342 141,993 
Risk Compliance Solutions15,151 17,763 46,284 53,669 
Totals$154,305 $147,233 $403,493 $434,432 

Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract
    The Company’s capitalized costs are primarily derived from the fulfillment of SaaS-related setup and customizations, from which the customer receives benefit through continued access to and use of the SaaS product platforms. In accordance with the guidance in ASC 340-40-25-5, we capitalize the costs directly related to the setup and development of these customizations, which satisfy the Company’s performance obligation with respect to access to the Company’s underlying product platforms. The capitalized costs primarily consist of the salaries of the developers directly involved in fulfilling the project and are solely based on the time spent on that project. The Company amortizes the capitalized costs ratably over the expected useful life of the related customizations, matching our treatment for the related revenue, and the capitalized costs are recoverable from profit margin included in the contract. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $664 thousand and $734 thousand, respectively, of contract costs in “Other current assets” and $1.0 million and $1.2 million, respectively, in “Other assets” on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period$1,897 $2,238 
Costs recognized from the beginning balance(576)(708)
Additions, net of costs recognized327 367 
Balance, end of period$1,648 $1,897 
Contract Liabilities
    Contract liabilities include payments or billings that have been received or made prior to performance. In certain cases, cash collections pertain to maintenance and support fees, initial setup or registration fees under hosting agreements, software license fees received in advance of delivery and acceptance, and software development fees paid in advance of completion and delivery. Approximately $6.2 million and $6.4 million of contract liabilities were included in billed accounts receivable as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
    The Company records contract liabilities when it receives payments or invoices in advance of the performance of services. A significant portion of this balance relates to contracts where the customer has paid in advance for the use of the Company's SaaS platforms over a specified period of time. These advanced payments are recognized as the related performance obligation is fulfilled (generally less than one year). Part of the Company's performance obligation for these contracts consists of the requirement to provide customers with continued access to, and use of the SaaS platforms and associated customizations. Without continued access to the SaaS platform, the customizations have no separate benefit to the customer. Customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits as we provide access over time. The remaining portion of the contract liabilities balance consists primarily of customer-specific customizations that are not distinct from related performance obligations that transfer over time. This portion is recognized over the expected useful life of the customizations.
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period$37,253 $44,660 
Revenue recognized from beginning balance(28,164)(31,507)
Additions from business acquisitions— 769 
Additions, net of revenue recognized and currency translation26,192 23,331 
Balance, end of period$35,281 $37,253 

Accounts Receivable and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts—As of September 30, 2020, reported accounts receivable of $132.1 million (net of $21.9 million allowance for doubtful accounts receivable) includes $38.7 million of contract assets. As of December 31, 2019, reported accounts receivable of $153.6 million (net of $21.7 million allowance for doubtful accounts receivable) includes $35.3 million of contract assets. The Company records a contract asset when revenue recognized on a contract exceeds the billings. The contract asset is transferred to receivables when the entitlement to payment becomes unconditional. These contract assets are primarily related to project based revenue where we recognize revenue using the input method calculated using expected hours to complete the project measured against the actual hours completed to date. The Company recognized bad debt provision for doubtful accounts in the amount of $474 thousand and $424 thousand for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $11.9 million and $10.6 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Management specifically analyzes accounts receivable, historical bad debts, write-offs, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness, current economic trends and changes in our customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts.

During the third quarter of 2019, the Company recorded a $12.1 million provision for doubtful account against the receivables due from a public sector entity, BSNL, in India.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets—Goodwill represents the cost in excess of the fair value of the identifiable net assets from the businesses that we acquire. In accordance with ASC 350, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" and ASU No. 2011-08, “Testing Goodwill for Impairment”, goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis or on an interim basis if an event occurred or circumstances change that would indicate that fair value of our reporting unit decreased below its carrying value. Potential impairment indicators include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, customer retention and the sale or disposition of a significant portion of the business. The Company applies the accounting guidance concerning goodwill impairment evaluation, whereby the Company first assesses certain qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances would indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit was less than its carrying amount. If after assessing the totality of events and circumstances, we were to determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then we would perform quantitative impairment testing.

    We perform our annual goodwill impairment evaluation and testing as of October 1st of each year or, when events or circumstances dictate, more frequently. No goodwill impairments have occurred nor recognized in 2019 or through September 30, 2020.

    The Company has considered the guidance within ASC 350 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” and ASC 280 “Segment Reporting” in concluding that Ebix effectively operates as one operating and reportable segment and one reporting unit.

    The Company’s indefinite-lived assets are primarily associated with the estimated fair value of the contractual customer relationships existing with the property and casualty insurance carriers in Australia using the Company's property and casualty ("P&C") data exchange. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but rather are tested for impairment annually and tested on an interim basis if a triggering event has occurred. 

    Capitalized Software Development Costs—In accordance with the relevant FASB accounting guidance regarding the development of software to be sold, leased or marketed, the Company expenses such costs as they are incurred until technological feasibility has been established, at and after which time those costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers. Costs incurred to enhance our software products, after general market release of the services using the products, are expensed in the period they are incurred. See Note 10 "Capitalized Software Development Costs" for further details.
    Finite-lived Intangible Assets—Purchased intangible assets represent the estimated acquisition date fair value of customer relationships, developed technology, trademarks and non-compete agreements obtained in connection with the businesses we acquire. We amortize these intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

Category Life (yrs)
Airport contracts
9
Backlog
1.2
Brand
15
Customer relationships 
7–20
Database
10
Dealer networks
15-20
Developed technology 
3–12
Non-compete agreements 
5
Store networks
5
Trademarks 
3–15
    Foreign Currency Translation—The functional currency is the U.S. Dollar for the Company's foreign subsidiaries in Dubai and Singapore, because the intellectual property research and development activities provided by its Dubai and Singapore subsidiaries are in support of the Company's operating divisions across the world, which are primarily transacted in U.S. Dollars.
    During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the net change in the cumulative foreign currency translation account, which is a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity, was an unrealized gain of $18.2 million, of which $16.6 million was caused by the 2.2% strengthening of the Indian rupee.
    During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the net change in the cumulative foreign currency translation account, which is a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity, was an unrealized loss of $35.9 million, of which $29.6 million was caused by the 2.9% weakening of the Indian rupee.
    The functional currency of the Company's other foreign subsidiaries is the local currency of the country in which the subsidiary operates. The assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange at the balance sheet dates. Income and expense accounts are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the period. Gains and losses resulting from translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Foreign exchange transaction gains and losses that are derived from transactions denominated in a currency other than the subsidiary's functional currency are included in the determination of net income.
    Income Taxes—Deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets, liabilities, operating losses, and tax credit carry forwards using the tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. Valuation allowances, if any, are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount management considers more likely than not to be realized. Such valuation allowances are recorded for the portion of the deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realized based on the levels of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the temporary differences will be deductible.
    The Company applies the relevant FASB accounting guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes positions. This guidance clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes by prescribing the minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. In this regard we recognize the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position.
    Recent Relevant Accounting Pronouncements—The following is a brief discussion of recently released accounting pronouncements that are pertinent to the Company's business:
    In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): “Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”. ASU 2020-04 was issued in response to concerns about structural risks of
interbank offered rates (IBORs), and, particularly, the risk of cessation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), Regulators around the world have undertaken reference rate reform initiatives to identify alternative reference rates that are more observable or transaction-based and less susceptible to manipulation. The amendments in this update provide optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects) of reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments in this update provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this Update are elective and are effective upon issuance for all entities. The adoption of this pronouncement is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s operations.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): "Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes". ASU 2019-12 is expected to reduce the cost and complexity related to the accounting for income taxes by eliminating the need for an entity to analyze whether the following apply to a given reporting period:
• Exception to the incremental approach for intra period tax allocation;
• Exceptions to accounting for basis differences when there are ownership changes in foreign investments; and
• Exception in interim period income tax accounting for year-to-date losses that exceed anticipated losses.
    For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact of ASU 2019-12 on its operations.
    In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 is intended to improve the effectiveness of ASC 820’s disclosure requirements. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that fiscal year. The ASU resulted in the following changes:
•Removed the disclosure to report the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy;
•Removed the disclosure of the policy for timing of transfers between levels;
•Added a disclosure for the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value; and
•Added a disclosure for the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurement.

    The adoption of ASU 2018-13 has not had a material impact on the Company’s operations.  The Company will continue to periodically assess the impact of this new pronouncement on its ongoing operations.
    In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13. Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). The main objective of this ASU is to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. An entity must use judgment in determining the relevant information and estimation methods that are appropriate in its circumstances. For public business entities that are U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filers, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 has not had a material impact on the Company’s operations. The Company continues to periodically assess the impact of this new pronouncement on its ongoing operations.