Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Intangible assets that are subject to amortization consisted of the following at September 30, 2018 and 2017:



	September 30, 2018								September 30, 2017
	(In thousands, except average life)
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Average Life	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Average Life
Completed technology	$	82,295	$	(77,400	)	$	4,895	5	$	84,955	$	(77,682	)	$	7,273	5
Customer contracts and relationships	28,692		(19,051		)	9,641		8	28,947		(15,091		)	13,856		8
Trade names	—		—			—		0	603		(547		)	56		3
	$	110,987	$	(96,451	)	$	14,536	6	$	114,505	$	(93,320	)	$	21,185	6

Amortization expense associated with our intangible assets, which has been reflected as a separate operating expense caption within the accompanying consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, consisted of the following during fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016:



	Year Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Cost of revenues	$	2,380	$	6,511	$	7,300
Selling, general and administrative expenses	4,214		6,198		6,682
Total	$	6,594	$	12,709	$	13,982

In the table above, cost of revenues reflects our amortization of completed technology, and selling, general and administrative expenses reflect our amortization of other intangible assets.

Estimated future intangible asset amortization expense associated with intangible assets existing at September 30, 2018, was as follows (in thousands):



Year Ending September 30,
2019	$	6,001
2020	3,647
2021	2,408
2022	2,263
2023	217
Thereafter	—
Total	$	14,536

The following table summarizes changes to goodwill during fiscal 2018 and 2017, both in total and as allocated to our operating segments. We have not recognized any goodwill impairment losses to date.



	Applications			Scores		Decision Management Software			Total
	(In thousands)
Balance at September 30, 2016	$	582,720		$	146,648	$	69,047		$	798,415
Foreign currency translation adjustment	5,568			—		431			5,999
Balance at September 30, 2017	588,288			146,648		69,478			804,414
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(3,127		)	—		(397		)	(3,524		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	585,161		$	146,648	$	69,081		$	800,890