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Derivatives and Foreign Currency Operations
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivatives and Foreign Currency Operations Derivatives and Foreign Currency Operations
Derivatives

Derivative financial instruments are generally used to manage certain interest rate and foreign currency risks. These instruments primarily include interest rate swaps, forward starting interest rate swaps and forward exchange contracts. The Company’s forward exchange contracts generally do not subject the Company to exchange rate risk because gains and losses on these instruments generally offset gains and losses on the assets, liabilities and other transactions being hedged. However, these instruments, when settled, impact the Company’s cash flows from operations to the extent the underlying transaction being hedged is not simultaneously settled due to an extension, a renewal or otherwise.

On the date when the Company enters into a derivative, the derivative is designated as a hedge of the identified exposure. The Company measures effectiveness of its hedging relationships both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis.

Interest Rate Contracts

The Company manages its fixed and floating rate debt mix using interest rate swaps. The Company may use fixed and floating rate swaps to alter its exposure to the impact of changing interest rates on its consolidated results of operations and future cash outflows for interest. Floating rate swaps would be used, depending on market conditions, to convert the fixed rates of long-term debt into short-term variable rates. Fixed rate swaps would be used to reduce the Company’s risk of the possibility of increased interest costs. The settlement of interest rate swaps is included in interest expense.

Fair Value Hedges

At December 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $1.1 billion notional amount of interest rate swaps that exchange a fixed rate of interest for a variable rate of interest plus a weighted average spread. These floating rate swaps are designated as fair value hedges against $500 million of principal on the 6.375% senior notes due 2027, $500 million of principal on the 6.625% senior notes due 2029 and $100 million of principal on the 4.000% senior notes due 2024 for the remaining life of the notes. The benchmark interest rate for the $100 million floating swap and associated fair value hedge was amended for a change in benchmark interest rate from London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) to Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), effective June 1, 2023, accounted for in accordance with ASC 848 (see Footnote 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information). The effective portion of the fair value gains or losses on these swaps is offset by fair value adjustments in the underlying debt.

Cross-Currency Contracts

The Company uses cross-currency swaps to hedge foreign currency risk on certain financing arrangements. The Company previously entered into three cross-currency swaps, maturing in January 2025, February 2025 and September 2027, respectively, with an aggregate notional amount of $1.3 billion. Each of these cross-currency swaps was designated as a net investment hedge of the Company’s foreign currency exposure of its net investment in certain Euro-functional currency subsidiaries with Euro-denominated net assets, and the Company pays a fixed rate of Euro-based interest and receives a fixed rate of U.S. dollar interest. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company entered into two additional cross-currency swaps with notional amounts of $500 million each, with one maturing in September 2027 and one in September 2029. These swaps were also designated as net investment hedges of the Company’s foreign currency exposure of its net investment in certain Euro-functional currency subsidiaries with Euro-denominated net assets, and the Company pays a floating rate of Euro-based interest and receives a floating rate of U.S. dollar interest. The Company has elected the spot method for assessing the effectiveness of these contracts. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized income of $38 million, $31 million and $16 million, respectively, in interest expense, net, related to the portion of cross-currency swaps excluded from hedge effectiveness testing.

Foreign Currency Contracts

The Company uses forward foreign currency contracts to mitigate the foreign currency exchange rate exposure on the cash flows related to forecasted inventory purchases and sales with maturity dates through December 2024. The derivatives used to hedge these forecasted transactions that meet the criteria for hedge accounting are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the gains or losses on these derivatives is deferred as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCL”) until it is recognized in earnings at the same time that the hedged item affects earnings and is included in the same caption in the statements of operations as the underlying hedged item. At December 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $348 million
notional amount outstanding of forward foreign currency contracts that are designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted inventory purchases and sales.

The Company also uses foreign currency contracts, primarily forward foreign currency contracts, to mitigate the foreign currency exposure of certain other foreign currency transactions. At December 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $1.3 billion notional amount outstanding of these foreign currency contracts that are not designated as effective hedges for accounting purposes and have maturity dates through July 2024. Fair market value gains or losses are included in the results of operations and are classified in other (income) expense, net in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The following table presents the fair value of derivative financial instruments at December 31, (in millions):
 20232022
Balance Sheet LocationAssets (Liabilities)
Derivatives designated as effective hedges:
Cash Flow Hedges
Foreign currency contractsPrepaid expenses and other current assets$1 $5 
Foreign currency contractsOther accrued liabilities(13)(9)
Fair Value Hedges
Interest rate swapsOther accrued liabilities(15)(14)
Interest rate swapsOther noncurrent liabilities(4)(16)
Net Investment Hedges
Cross-currency swapsPrepaid expenses and other current assets22 28 
Cross-currency swapsOther assets15 45 
Cross-currency swapsOther noncurrent liabilities(119)(75)
Derivatives not designated as effective hedges:
Foreign currency contractsPrepaid expenses and other current assets7 19 
Foreign currency contractsOther accrued liabilities(14)(10)
Total$(120)$(27)

The Company recognized expense of $17 million, $13 million and income of $13 million in other (income) expense, net, during 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments. Gains and losses on these derivatives are generally offset by foreign currency movement in the underlying exposure.

The Company is not a party to any derivatives that require collateral to be posted prior to settlement.

The following table presents pretax gain and (loss) activity for 2023, 2022 and 2021 related to derivative financial instruments designated as effective hedges:
 202320222021
 Gain (Loss)Gain (Loss)Gain (Loss)
(in millions)
Recognized
in OCL (1)
Reclassified
from AOCL
to Income
Recognized
in OCL (1)
Reclassified
from AOCL
to Income
Recognized
in OCL (1)
Reclassified
from AOCL
to Income
Interest rate swaps (2)
$— $(5)$— $(6)$— $(6)
Foreign currency contracts (3)
(21)— 24 27 14 (17)
Cross-currency swaps (4)
(80)— 21 — 69 — 
Total$(101)$(5)$45 $21 $83 $(23)

(1)Represents effective portion recognized in Other Comprehensive Loss (“OCL”).
(2)Portion reclassified from AOCL to income recognized in interest expense, net.
(3)Portion reclassified from AOCL to income recognized in net sales and cost of products sold.
(4)Portion reclassified from AOCL to income recognized in other (income) expense, net.
At December 31, 2023, deferred net losses of approximately $13 million within AOCL are expected to be reclassified to earnings over the next twelve months.
Foreign Currency Operations

Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange in effect at year-end. The related translation adjustments are made directly to AOCL. Income and expenses are translated at the average monthly rates of exchange in effect during the year. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in the results of operations and are generally classified in other (income) expense, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Foreign currency transaction net losses for 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $10 million, $41 million and $5 million, respectively.
The Company designates certain foreign currency denominated, long-term intercompany financing transactions as being of a long-term investment nature and records gains and losses on the transactions arising from changes in exchange rates as translation adjustments.