Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company’s effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was 13.8% and 21.3%, respectively. The Company’s effective income tax rate fluctuates based on, among other factors, the geographic mix of income.

The difference between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0% and the Company’s effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was impacted by a variety of factors, primarily resulting from the geographic mix of where the income was earned as well as certain taxable income inclusion items in the U.S. based on foreign earnings.

The three months ended March 31, 2020 were also impacted by certain discrete tax items. Income tax expense for three months ended March 31, 2020 included a discrete tax benefit of $15 million related to statute of limitations expirations and $8 million of prior period adjustments offset by tax expense of $27 million related to a change in the tax status of certain entities upon Internal Revenue Service approval during the first quarter, $7 million of excess book deductions related to equity-based compensation, and $5 million for effects of adopting the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act. The Company concluded the effects of such prior period adjustments were not material to the current period or previously issued financial statements.

The three months ended March 31, 2019 also included discrete tax adjustments of $10 million for certain state tax return to provision adjustments offset by tax expense of $4 million for additional interest related to uncertain tax liabilities and $4 million for prior period adjustments.

On June 18, 2019, the U.S. Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service released temporary regulations under IRC Section 245A (“Section 245A”) as enacted by the 2017 U.S. Tax Reform Legislation (“2017 Tax Reform”) and IRC Section 954(c)(6) (the “Temporary Regulations”) to apply retroactively to the date the 2017 Tax Reform was enacted. The Temporary Regulations seek to limit the 100% dividends received deduction permitted by Section 245A for certain dividends received from controlled foreign corporations and to limit the applicability of the look-through exception to foreign personal holding company income for certain dividends received from controlled foreign corporations. Before the retroactive application of the Temporary Regulations, the Company benefited in 2018 from both the 100% dividends received deduction and the look-through exception to foreign personal holding company income. The Company has analyzed the Temporary Regulations and concluded that the relevant Temporary Regulations were not validly issued. Therefore, the Company has not accounted for the effects of the Temporary Regulations in its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the period ending March 31, 2020. The Company believes it has strong arguments in favor of its position and believes it has met the more likely than not recognition threshold that its position will be sustained. However, due to the inherent uncertainty involved in challenging the validity of regulations as well as a potential litigation process, there can be no assurances that the relevant Temporary Regulations will be invalidated or that a court of law will rule in favor of the Company. If the Company’s position on the Temporary Regulations is not sustained, the Company would be required to recognize an income tax expense of approximately $180 million to $220 million related to an income tax benefit from fiscal year 2018 that was recorded based on regulations in existence at the time. In addition, the Company may be required to pay any applicable interest and penalties. The Company intends to vigorously defend its position.