UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

þQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended

June 30, 2018

or

¨ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File No. 001-10253

TCF Financial Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	41-1591444
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

200 Lake Street East

Wayzata, Minnesota 55391-1693

(Address and Zip Code of principal executive offices)

(952) 745-2760

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes þ                                                   No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes þ                                                   No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	þ	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	¨ (Do not check if smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨
		Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ¨                                                 No þ

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

	Outstanding at
Class	July 27, 2018
Common Stock, $.01 par value	167,691,547 shares

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Description	Page
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at June 30, 2018 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2017	1
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Second Quarter and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)	2
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Second Quarter and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)	3
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)	4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)	5
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	6
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	43
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	66
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	67
Part II. Other Information
Items 1 - 6	68
Signatures	71

Part I - Financial Information                                                

Item 1. Financial Statements

TCF FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	At June 30, 2018			At December 31, 2017
	(Unaudited)
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	581,876		$	621,782
Investments	95,661			82,644
Debt securities held to maturity	155,962			161,576
Debt securities available for sale	2,249,784			1,709,018
Loans and leases held for sale	291,871			134,862
Loans and leases:
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	1,800,885			1,959,387
Junior lien	2,830,029			2,860,309
Total consumer real estate	4,630,914			4,819,696
Commercial	3,706,401			3,561,193
Leasing and equipment finance	4,648,049			4,761,661
Inventory finance	3,005,165			2,739,754
Auto finance	2,603,260			3,199,639
Other	20,957			22,517
Total loans and leases	18,614,746			19,104,460
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(165,619		)	(171,041		)
Net loans and leases	18,449,127			18,933,419
Premises and equipment, net	430,956			421,549
Goodwill, net	154,757			154,757
Other assets	774,468			782,552
Total assets	$	23,184,462		$	23,002,159
Liabilities and Equity:
Deposits:
Checking	$	6,408,174		$	6,300,127
Savings	5,570,979			5,287,606
Money market	1,562,008			1,764,998
Certificates of deposit	4,822,112			4,982,271
Total deposits	18,363,273			18,335,002
Short-term borrowings	761			—
Long-term borrowings	1,554,569			1,249,449
Total borrowings	1,555,330			1,249,449
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	761,281			737,124
Total liabilities	20,679,884			20,321,575
Equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, 30,000,000 shares authorized;
7,000 and 4,007,000 shares issued	169,302			265,821
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 280,000,000 shares authorized;
173,522,007 and 172,158,449 shares issued	1,735			1,722
Additional paid-in capital	877,364			877,217
Retained earnings, subject to certain restrictions	1,649,449			1,577,311
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(52,811		)	(18,517		)
Treasury stock at cost, 5,837,036 and 489,030 shares and other	(164,107		)	(40,797		)
Total TCF Financial Corporation stockholders' equity	2,480,932			2,662,757
Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries	23,646			17,827
Total equity	2,504,578			2,680,584
Total liabilities and equity	$	23,184,462		$	23,002,159

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

1

TCF FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income(Unaudited)

	Quarter Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2018			2017		2018		2017
Interest income:
Loans and leases	$	269,280		$	234,092	$	529,655	$	453,640
Debt securities available for sale	12,516			8,052		22,639		16,032
Debt securities held to maturity	998			1,035		2,017		2,315
Loans held for sale and other	3,529			5,338		7,274		18,837
Total interest income	286,323			248,517		561,585		490,824
Interest expense:
Deposits	23,953			14,436		46,463		28,151
Borrowings	11,571			6,920		21,124		13,398
Total interest expense	35,524			21,356		67,587		41,549
Net interest income	250,799			227,161		493,998		449,275
Provision for credit losses	14,236			19,446		25,604		31,639
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	236,563			207,715		468,394		417,636
Non-interest income:
Fees and service charges	32,670			32,733		63,421		64,015
Card revenue	14,962			14,154		28,721		27,304
ATM revenue	4,933			5,061		9,583		9,736
Subtotal	52,565			51,948		101,725		101,055
Gains on sales of auto loans, net	—			380		—		3,244
Gains on sales of consumer real estate loans, net	7,192			8,980		16,315		17,871
Servicing fee income	7,484			10,730		15,779		22,381
Subtotal	14,676			20,090		32,094		43,496
Leasing and equipment finance	42,904			39,830		84,751		68,128
Other	3,934			2,795		7,650		5,498
Fees and other revenue	114,079			114,663		226,220		218,177
Gains (losses) on debt securities, net	24			—		87		—
Total non-interest income	114,103			114,663		226,307		218,177
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and employee benefits	120,575			115,630		244,415		239,928
Occupancy and equipment	40,711			38,965		81,225		78,565
Other	89,084			61,363		147,903		125,579
Subtotal	250,370			215,958		473,543		444,072
Operating lease depreciation	17,945			12,466		35,219		23,708
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets, net	3,857			4,639		8,773		9,188
Other credit costs, net	(133		)	24		484		125
Total non-interest expense	272,039			233,087		518,019		477,093
Income before income tax expense	78,627			89,291		176,682		158,720
Income tax expense	16,418			25,794		38,049		46,637
Income after income tax expense	62,209			63,497		138,633		112,083
Income attributable to non-controlling interest	3,460			3,065		6,123		5,373
Net income attributable to TCF Financial Corporation	58,749			60,432		132,510		106,710
Preferred stock dividends	2,494			4,847		6,600		9,694
Impact of preferred stock redemption	—			—		3,481		—
Net income available to common stockholders	$	56,255		$	55,585	$	122,429	$	97,016
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	0.34		$	0.33	$	0.73	$	0.58
Diluted	$	0.34		$	0.33	$	0.73	$	0.58

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

2

TCF FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

	Quarter Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2018			2017			2018			2017
Net income attributable to TCF Financial Corporation	$	58,749		$	60,432		$	132,510		$	106,710
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale and interest-only strips	(4,806		)	12,341			(32,625		)	15,110
Net unrealized gains (losses) on net investment hedges	3,779			(1,149		)	5,383			(1,462		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(4,925		)	2,007			(7,035		)	2,588
Recognized postretirement prior service cost	(8		)	(7		)	(17		)	(14		)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(5,960		)	13,192			(34,294		)	16,222
Comprehensive income	$	52,789		$	73,624		$	98,216		$	122,932

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3

TCF FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited)

	TCF Financial Corporation
	Number of Shares Issued				Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Treasury Stock and Other			Total			Non- controlling Interest			Total Equity
(Dollars in thousands)	Preferred		Common
Balance, December 31, 2016	4,006,900		171,034,506		$	263,240		$	1,710		$	862,776		$	1,382,901		$	(33,725	)	$	(49,419	)	$	2,427,483		$	17,162		$	2,444,645
Change in accounting principle	—		—		—			—			1,319			(1,319		)	—			—			—			—			—
Balance, January 1, 2017	4,006,900		171,034,506		263,240			1,710			864,095			1,381,582			(33,725		)	(49,419		)	2,427,483			17,162			2,444,645
Net income	—		—		—			—			—			106,710			—			—			106,710			5,373			112,083
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—			—			—			—			16,222			—			16,222			—			16,222
Net investment by (distribution to) non-controlling interest	—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			231			231
Dividends on preferred stock	—		—		—			—			—			(9,694		)	—			—			(9,694		)	—			(9,694		)
Dividends on common stock	—		—		—			—			—			(25,243		)	—			—			(25,243		)	—			(25,243		)
Common shares purchased by TCF employee benefit plans	—		752,177		—			8			12,586			—			—			—			12,594			—			12,594
Stock compensation plans, net of tax	—		(254,196	)	—			(3		)	(1,004		)	—			—			—			(1,007		)	—			(1,007		)
Change in shares held in trust for deferred compensation plans, at cost	—		—		—			—			(17,226		)	—			—			17,226			—			—			—
Balance, June 30, 2017	4,006,900		171,532,487		$	263,240		$	1,715		$	858,451		$	1,453,355		$	(17,503	)	$	(32,193	)	$	2,527,065		$	22,766		$	2,549,831
Balance, December 31, 2017	4,007,000		172,158,449		$	265,821		$	1,722		$	877,217		$	1,577,311		$	(18,517	)	$	(40,797	)	$	2,662,757		$	17,827		$	2,680,584
Change in accounting principle	—		—		—			—			—			(116		)	—			—			(116		)	—			(116		)
Balance, January 1, 2018	4,007,000		172,158,449		265,821			1,722			877,217			1,577,195			(18,517		)	(40,797		)	2,662,641			17,827			2,680,468
Net income	—		—		—			—			—			132,510			—			—			132,510			6,123			138,633
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—			—			—			—			(34,294		)	—			(34,294		)	—			(34,294		)
Net investment by (distribution to) non-controlling interest	—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(304		)	(304		)
Redemption of Series B Preferred Stock	(4,000,000	)	—		(96,519		)	—			—			(3,481		)	—			—			(100,000		)	—			(100,000		)
Repurchases of 5,348,006 shares of common stock	—		—		—			—			—			—			—			(125,886		)	(125,886		)	—			(125,886		)
Dividends on preferred stock	—		—		—			—			—			(6,600		)	—			—			(6,600		)	—			(6,600		)
Dividends on common stock	—		—		—			—			—			(50,175		)	—			—			(50,175		)	—			(50,175		)
Common stock warrants exercised			970,761		—			10			(10		)	—			—			—			—			—			—
Common shares purchased by TCF employee benefit plans	—		34,627		—			—			715			—			—			—			715			—			715
Stock compensation plans, net of tax	—		358,170		—			3			2,018			—			—			—			2,021			—			2,021
Change in shares held in trust for deferred compensation plans, at cost	—		—		—			—			(2,576		)	—			—			2,576			—			—			—
Balance, June 30, 2018	7,000		173,522,007		$	169,302		$	1,735		$	877,364		$	1,649,449		$	(52,811	)	$	(164,107	)	$	2,480,932		$	23,646		$	2,504,578

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4

TCF FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2018			2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	138,633		$	112,083
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	25,604			31,639
Depreciation and amortization	110,235			94,919
Provision for deferred income taxes	19,958			4,567
Proceeds from sales of loans and leases held for sale	157,088			120,929
Originations of loans and leases held for sale, net of repayments	(168,792		)	(289,094		)
Gains on sales of assets, net	(18,589		)	(26,112		)
Net change in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities	21,328			(80,440		)
Other, net	(22,102		)	(22,909		)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	263,363			(54,418		)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities of and principal collected on debt securities	77,383			66,774
Purchases of debt securities	(650,051		)	(153,131		)
Redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock	126,001			137,001
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock	(139,000		)	(145,000		)
Proceeds from sales of loans and leases	370,934			891,838
Loan and lease originations and purchases, net of principal collected on loans and leases	415,881			(754,427		)
Acquisition of Equipment Financing & Leasing Corporation, net of cash acquired	—			(8,120		)
Proceeds from sales of lease equipment	5,612			3,959
Purchases of lease equipment	(559,866		)	(508,624		)
Proceeds from sales of real estate owned	15,301			28,205
Purchases of premises and equipment	(33,530		)	(21,863		)
Other, net	10,317			14,528
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(361,018		)	(448,860		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in deposits	30,204			272,729
Net change in short-term borrowings	911			3,966
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	5,015,317			5,799,831
Payments on long-term borrowings	(4,705,436		)	(5,609,219		)
Redemption of Series B preferred stock	(100,000		)	—
Repurchases of common stock	(125,886		)	—
Common shares sold to TCF employee benefit plans	715			12,594
Dividends paid on preferred stock	(6,600		)	(9,694		)
Dividends paid on common stock	(50,175		)	(25,243		)
Exercise of stock options	(997		)	(57		)
Net investment by (distribution to) non-controlling interest	(304		)	231
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	57,749			445,138
Net change in cash and due from banks	(39,906		)	(58,140		)
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period	621,782			609,603
Cash and due from banks at end of period	$	581,876		$	551,463
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid (received) for:
Interest on deposits and borrowings	$	64,294		$	38,715
Income taxes, net	(22,439		)	51,010
Transfer of loans and leases to other assets	50,078			47,935
Transfer of loans and leases from held for investment to held for sale, net	514,273			628,438

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

5

TCF FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

TCF Financial Corporation (together with its direct and indirect subsidiaries, "we," "us," "our," "TCF" or the "Company"), a Delaware corporation, is a national bank holding company based in Wayzata, Minnesota. References herein to "TCF Financial" or the "Holding Company" refer to TCF Financial Corporation on an unconsolidated basis. Its principal subsidiary, TCF National Bank ("TCF Bank"), is headquartered in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. TCF Bank operates bank branches in Illinois, Minnesota, Michigan, Colorado, Wisconsin, Arizona and South Dakota (TCF's primary banking markets). Through its direct subsidiaries, TCF Bank provides a full range of consumer facing and commercial services, including consumer banking services, commercial banking services, commercial leasing and equipment financing, and commercial inventory financing.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and notes necessary for complete financial statements in conformity with GAAP. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all the significant adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, considered necessary for fair presentation. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year. The information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is written with the presumption that the users of the interim financial statements have read or have access to the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, which contains the latest audited financial statements and notes thereto, together with Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations at December 31, 2017 and for the year then ended.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information available to management at the time the estimates are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period financial statements to conform to current period presentation.

6

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Accounting policies in effect at December 31, 2017 remain significantly unchanged and have been followed similarly as in previous periods.

New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2017-12: Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which expands hedge accounting for nonfinancial and financial risk components and amends measurement methodologies to more closely align hedge accounting with a company’s risk management activities. The ASU decreases the complexity of preparing and understanding hedge results through measurement and reporting of hedge ineffectiveness. In addition, disclosures have been enhanced and the presentation of hedged results changed to align the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item. The adoption of this ASU was on a modified retrospective basis and resulted in the Company recording a cumulative effect reduction to the opening balance of retained earnings of $116 thousand.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2017-09: Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides guidance about which changes to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award requires an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. The adoption of this ASU was on a prospective basis and will be applicable to an award modified on or after January 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2017-07: Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost, which changes how employers that sponsor defined benefit pension and/or other postretirement benefit plans present the net periodic benefit cost in the income statement. Under the new guidance, employers present the service cost component of the net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. Only the service cost component is eligible for capitalization in assets. The other components of net periodic benefit cost are presented separately from the line item that includes service cost and outside of any subtotal of operating income. In addition, disclosure of the line items used to present the other components of net periodic benefit cost is required if the components are not presented separately in the income statement. The adoption of this ASU was on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2017-05: Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets, which provides guidance for recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets in contracts with non-customers. The ASU also clarifies that Accounting Standards Codification 610-20 applies to the derecognition of nonfinancial assets and in substance nonfinancial assets unless other specific guidance applies or the sale is to a customer. The guidance does not apply to the derecognition of businesses, nonprofit activities, financial assets, including equity method investments, or to revenue contracts with customers. The adoption of this ASU was on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist companies with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The ASU provides a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities is a business. The adoption of this ASU was on a prospective basis. TCF will evaluate future transactions to determine if they should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, which requires entities to show changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. As a result, entities no longer present transfers between cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The adoption of this ASU was on a retrospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

7

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Interests Held through Related Parties That Are under Common Control, which changes the way in which a single decision maker considers indirect interests when performing the primary beneficiary analysis under the variable interest model. Under the amended guidance, indirect interests held by a related party would be considered on a proportional basis. The adoption of this ASU was on a retrospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which requires the income tax effects of intercompany sales and transfers of assets, other than inventory, to be recognized in the period the transaction occurs. The adoption of this ASU was on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice in how certain types of cash receipts and cash payments are presented in the statement of cash flows. The adoption of this ASU was on a retrospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-04, Liabilities - Extinguishments of Liabilities (Subtopic 405-20): Recognition of Breakage for Certain Prepaid Stored-Value Products, which requires issuers of prepaid stored-value products redeemable for goods, services or cash at third-party merchants to derecognize liabilities related to those products for breakage. The adoption of this ASU was on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities and ASU No. 2018-03, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which amend the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities, simplify the impairment analysis of equity investments without readily determinable fair values, require separate presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value and eliminate certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. The adoption of these ASUs was on a prospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the following ASUs using the modified retrospective method with no cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings: ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606); ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date; ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net); ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing; ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients; ASU No. 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers; ASU No. 2017-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Leases (Topic 840), and Leases (Topic 842): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs and ASU No. 2017-14, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).

TCF derives a majority of its revenue from loans and leases, as well as any related servicing fee revenue, which are not within the scope of these ASUs. These ASUs are applicable to most of the fees and service charges, card and ATM revenue earned by TCF, as well as the gains on sales of certain non-financial assets. However, the recognition of these revenue streams does not change in a significant manner as a result of the adoption of these ASUs. The majority of this revenue is both charged to the customer and earned either at a point in time or on a transactional basis. As a result, the revenue expected to be recognized in any future year related to remaining performance obligations, contracts where revenue is recognized when invoiced and contracts with variable consideration related to undelivered performance obligations are not material. In addition, receivables related to fees and service charges and the related bad debt expense are not material. There are no material contract assets, contract liabilities or deferred contract costs recorded in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. As a significant majority of the Company's revenue streams are not included in the scope of these ASUs and the recognition of revenue for the revenue streams within the scope of these ASUs are not significantly changed, the adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

8

Note 3.  Cash and Due from Banks

At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, TCF Bank was required by Federal Reserve regulations to maintain reserves of $107.8 million and $107.0 million, respectively, in cash on hand or at the Federal Reserve Bank.

TCF maintains cash balances that are restricted as to their use in accordance with certain contractual agreements primarily related to the servicing of auto finance loans. Cash payments received on loans serviced for third parties are generally held in separate accounts until remitted. TCF may also retain cash balances for collateral on certain borrowings, forward foreign exchange contracts, interest rate contracts and other contracts. TCF maintained restricted cash totaling $24.6 million and $36.5 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

TCF had cash held in interest-bearing accounts of $297.6 million and $324.2 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Note 4.  Debt Securities Available for Sale and Debt Securities Held to Maturity

Debt securities were as follows:

	At June 30, 2018								At December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Debt securities available for sale:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies	$	1,477,991	$	782	$	37,706	$	1,441,067	$	908,189	$	308	$	13,812	$	894,685
Other	4		—		—		4		6		—		—		6
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	826,024		497		17,808		808,713		810,159		7,967		3,799		814,327
Total debt securities available for sale	$	2,304,019	$	1,279	$	55,514	$	2,249,784	$	1,718,354	$	8,275	$	17,611	$	1,709,018
Debt securities held to maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies	$	153,162	$	634	$	1,221	$	152,575	$	158,776	$	4,462	$	412	$	162,826
Other securities	2,800		—		—		2,800		2,800		—		—		2,800
Total debt securities held to maturity	$	155,962	$	634	$	1,221	$	155,375	$	161,576	$	4,462	$	412	$	165,626

At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, mortgage-backed securities with a carrying value of $1.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral to secure certain deposits and borrowings.

We have assessed each security with unrealized losses included in the table above for credit impairment. As part of that assessment we evaluated and concluded that we do not intend to sell any of the securities and that it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost. Unrealized losses on debt securities available for sale and debt securities held to maturity were due to changes in interest rates.

There were no sales or impairment charges for debt securities available for sale and debt securities held to maturity during the second quarter and first six months of 2018 or 2017. Net gains (losses) on debt securities were $24 thousand and $87 thousand for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, related to recoveries on previously impaired debt securities held to maturity.

9

Gross unrealized losses and fair value of debt securities available for sale and debt securities held to maturity aggregated by investment category and the length of time the securities were in a continuous loss position were as follows:

	At June 30, 2018
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Debt securities available for sale:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies	$	822,130	$	17,084	$	388,347	$	20,622	$	1,210,477	$	37,706
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	463,025		8,375		213,228		9,433		676,253		17,808
Total debt securities available for sale	$	1,285,155	$	25,459	$	601,575	$	30,055	$	1,886,730	$	55,514
Debt securities held to maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies	$	31,067	$	648	$	11,438	$	573	$	42,505	$	1,221
Total debt securities held to maturity	$	31,067	$	648	$	11,438	$	573	$	42,505	$	1,221

	At December 31, 2017
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Debt securities available for sale:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies	$	406,298	$	2,686	$	428,585	$	11,126	$	834,883	$	13,812
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	103,759		486		207,516		3,313		311,275		3,799
Total debt securities available for sale	$	510,057	$	3,172	$	636,101	$	14,439	$	1,146,158	$	17,611
Debt securities held to maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies	$	13,309	$	132	$	11,470	$	280	$	24,779	$	412
Total debt securities held to maturity	$	13,309	$	132	$	11,470	$	280	$	24,779	$	412

10

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available for sale and debt securities held to maturity by final contractual maturity were as follows. The final contractual maturities do not consider possible prepayments, and therefore expected maturities may differ because borrowers may have the right to prepay.

	At June 30, 2018				At December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Debt securities available for sale:
Due in one year or less	$	4	$	4	$	6	$	6
Due in 1-5 years	45,170		45,222		15,178		15,312
Due in 5-10 years	643,621		631,225		514,336		517,867
Due after 10 years	1,615,224		1,573,333		1,188,834		1,175,833
Total debt securities available for sale	$	2,304,019	$	2,249,784	$	1,718,354	$	1,709,018
Debt securities held to maturity:
Due in one year or less	$	1,000	$	1,000	$	1,000	$	1,000
Due in 1-5 years	1,400		1,400		1,400		1,400
Due in 5-10 years	434		437		400		400
Due after 10 years	153,128		152,538		158,776		162,826
Total debt securities held to maturity	$	155,962	$	155,375	$	161,576	$	165,626

Interest income attributable to debt securities available for sale was as follows:

	Quarter Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Taxable interest income	$	8,163	$	4,434	$	13,976	$	9,088
Tax-exempt interest income	4,353		3,618		8,663		6,944
Total interest income	$	12,516	$	8,052	$	22,639	$	16,032

Note 5.  Loans and Leases

Loans and leases were as follows:

(In thousands)	At June 30, 2018		At December 31, 2017
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	$	1,800,885	$	1,959,387
Junior lien	2,830,029		2,860,309
Total consumer real estate	4,630,914		4,819,696
Commercial:
Commercial real estate:
Permanent	2,388,547		2,385,752
Construction and development	419,721		365,533
Total commercial real estate	2,808,268		2,751,285
Commercial business	898,133		809,908
Total commercial	3,706,401		3,561,193
Leasing and equipment finance	4,648,049		4,761,661
Inventory finance	3,005,165		2,739,754
Auto finance	2,603,260		3,199,639
Other	20,957		22,517
Total loans and leases(1)	$	18,614,746	$	19,104,460

(1) Loans and leases are reported at historical cost including net direct fees and costs associated with originating and acquiring loans and leases, lease residuals, unearned income and unamortized purchase premiums and discounts. The aggregate amount of these loan and lease adjustments was $11.3 million and $33.3 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

11

Loan Sales During the second quarter and first six months of 2018, TCF sold $181.7 million and $448.0 million, respectively, of consumer real estate loans, received cash of $188.2 million and $461.0 million, respectively, and recognized net gains of $7.2 million and $16.3 million, respectively. During the second quarter and first six months of 2017, TCF sold $273.4 million and $652.8 million, respectively, of consumer real estate loans, received cash of $283.3 million and $682.5 million, respectively, and recognized net gains of $9.0 million and $17.9 million, respectively. Related to these sales, TCF retained interest-only strips of $0.6 million and $3.8 million during the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, and $0.6 million and $1.9 million during the same periods in 2017. Included in consumer real estate loans sold in the first six months of 2017 were $49.4 million of non-accrual loans, which were sold servicing released. TCF generally retains servicing on loans sold.

During the second quarter and first six months of 2018, TCF did not sell any auto finance loans. During the second quarter and first six months of 2017, TCF sold $48.0 million and $298.6 million, respectively, of auto finance loans, received cash of $48.5 million and $303.3 million, respectively, and recognized net gains of $0.4 million and $3.2 million, respectively.

No servicing assets or liabilities related to consumer real estate or auto finance loans were recorded within TCF's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at June 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017, as the contractual servicing fees are adequate to compensate TCF for its servicing responsibilities based on the amount demanded by the marketplace.

Total interest-only strips and the contractual liabilities related to loan sales were as follows:

(In thousands)	At June 30, 2018		At December 31, 2017
Interest-only strips attributable to:
Consumer real estate loan sales	$	17,076	$	16,440
Auto finance loan sales	2,811		4,946
Total interest-only strips	$	19,887	$	21,386
Contractual liabilities attributable to:
Consumer real estate loan sales	$	613	$	1,234

TCF recorded no impairment charges on the consumer real estate interest-only strips in the second quarter of 2018 and $268 thousand of impairment charges in the first six months of 2018 and $296 thousand and $875 thousand in the same periods in 2017. TCF recorded $13 thousand and $348 thousand of impairment charges on the auto finance interest-only strips in the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, and $141 thousand and $165 thousand in the same periods in 2017.

12

Note 6.  Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Credit Quality Information

The rollforwards of the allowance for loan and lease losses were as follows:

(In thousands)	Consumer Real Estate			Commercial			Leasing and Equipment Finance			Inventory Finance			Auto Finance			Other			Total
At or For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2018:
Balance, beginning of period	$	47,685		$	37,198		$	23,182		$	13,253		$	45,822		$	563		$	167,703
Charge-offs	(2,056		)	(4		)	(2,693		)	(673		)	(11,095		)	(1,667		)	(18,188		)
Recoveries	1,278			31			587			156			2,579			787			5,418
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(778		)	27			(2,106		)	(517		)	(8,516		)	(880		)	(12,770		)
Provision for credit losses	550			3,066			1,182			(860		)	9,302			996			14,236
Other	(3,503		)	—			(11		)	(36		)	—			—			(3,550		)
Balance, end of period	$	43,954		$	40,291		$	22,247		$	11,840		$	46,608		$	679		$	165,619
At or For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2017:
Balance, beginning of period	$	53,851		$	33,697		$	21,257		$	15,816		$	35,108		$	437		$	160,166
Charge-offs	(2,813		)	(2,699		)	(2,244		)	(887		)	(8,204		)	(1,479		)	(18,326		)
Recoveries	1,699			194			746			275			1,667			831			5,412
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(1,114		)	(2,505		)	(1,498		)	(612		)	(6,537		)	(648		)	(12,914		)
Provision for credit losses	253			3,477			2,167			(3,108		)	15,847			810			19,446
Other	(582		)	—			(4		)	33			(525		)	—			(1,078		)
Balance, end of period	$	52,408		$	34,669		$	21,922		$	12,129		$	43,893		$	599		$	165,620
(In thousands)	Consumer Real Estate			Commercial			Leasing and Equipment Finance			Inventory Finance			Auto Finance			Other			Total
At or For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018:
Balance, beginning of period	$	47,168		$	37,195		$	22,528		$	13,233		$	50,225		$	692		$	171,041
Charge-offs	(4,210		)	(4		)	(4,649		)	(1,222		)	(24,536		)	(3,432		)	(38,053		)
Recoveries	2,315			45			1,203			296			5,364			1,909			11,132
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(1,895		)	41			(3,446		)	(926		)	(19,172		)	(1,523		)	(26,921		)
Provision for credit losses	2,654			3,055			3,178			(348		)	15,555			1,510			25,604
Other	(3,973		)	—			(13		)	(119		)	—			—			(4,105		)
Balance, end of period	$	43,954		$	40,291		$	22,247		$	11,840		$	46,608		$	679		$	165,619
At or For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017:
Balance, beginning of period	$	59,448		$	32,695		$	21,350		$	13,932		$	32,310		$	534		$	160,269
Charge-offs	(6,265		)	(5,431		)	(4,290		)	(1,106		)	(17,017		)	(3,119		)	(37,228		)
Recoveries	12,391			259			1,360			394			2,900			1,921			19,225
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	6,126			(5,172		)	(2,930		)	(712		)	(14,117		)	(1,198		)	(18,003		)
Provision for credit losses	(7,884		)	7,146			3,553			(1,143		)	28,704			1,263			31,639
Other	(5,282		)	—			(51		)	52			(3,004		)	—			(8,285		)
Balance, end of period	$	52,408		$	34,669		$	21,922		$	12,129		$	43,893		$	599		$	165,620

13

The allowance for loan and lease losses and loans and leases outstanding by type of allowance methodology were as follows:

	At June 30, 2018
(In thousands)	Consumer Real Estate		Commercial		Leasing and Equipment Finance		Inventory Finance		Auto Finance		Other		Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	27,116	$	38,728	$	18,661	$	11,310	$	46,463	$	679	$	142,957
Individually evaluated for impairment	16,838		1,563		3,586		530		145		—		22,662
Total	$	43,954	$	40,291	$	22,247	$	11,840	$	46,608	$	679	$	165,619
Loans and leases outstanding:
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	4,513,542	$	3,672,528	$	4,617,762	$	3,003,072	$	2,592,297	$	20,955	$	18,420,156
Individually evaluated for impairment	117,372		33,873		23,254		2,093		10,963		2		187,557
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	—		—		7,033		—		—		—		7,033
Total	$	4,630,914	$	3,706,401	$	4,648,049	$	3,005,165	$	2,603,260	$	20,957	$	18,614,746

	At December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Consumer Real Estate		Commercial		Leasing and Equipment  Finance		Inventory  Finance		Auto  Finance		Other		Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	28,851	$	35,635	$	19,083	$	12,945	$	49,900	$	691	$	147,105
Individually evaluated for impairment	18,317		1,560		3,445		288		325		1		23,936
Total	$	47,168	$	37,195	$	22,528	$	13,233	$	50,225	$	692	$	171,041
Loans and leases outstanding:
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	4,675,626	$	3,524,864	$	4,721,905	$	2,735,638	$	3,188,810	$	22,513	$	18,869,356
Individually evaluated for impairment	144,070		36,329		27,912		4,116		10,829		4		223,260
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	—		—		11,844		—		—		—		11,844
Total	$	4,819,696	$	3,561,193	$	4,761,661	$	2,739,754	$	3,199,639	$	22,517	$	19,104,460

14

Accruing and Non-accrual Loans and Leases  TCF's key credit quality indicator is the receivable's payment performance status, defined as accruing or non-accruing. Non-accrual loans and leases are those which management believes have a higher risk of loss. Delinquent balances are determined based on the contractual terms of the loan or lease. Loans and leases that are over 60 days delinquent have a higher potential to become non-accrual and generally are a leading indicator for future charge-off trends. TCF's accruing and non-accrual loans and leases were as follows:

	At June 30, 2018
(In thousands)	Current-59 Days Delinquent  and Accruing		60-89 Days  Delinquent  and Accruing		90 Days or More Delinquent  and Accruing		Total  Accruing		Non-accrual		Total
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	$	1,762,360	$	3,090	$	486	$	1,765,936	$	34,949	$	1,800,885
Junior lien	2,813,723		2,100		—		2,815,823		14,206		2,830,029
Total consumer real estate	4,576,083		5,190		486		4,581,759		49,155		4,630,914
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	2,802,975		—		—		2,802,975		5,293		2,808,268
Commercial business	893,448		—		—		893,448		4,685		898,133
Total commercial	3,696,423		—		—		3,696,423		9,978		3,706,401
Leasing and equipment finance	4,619,414		3,965		1,337		4,624,716		16,300		4,641,016
Inventory finance	3,002,997		58		17		3,003,072		2,093		3,005,165
Auto finance	2,587,383		5,804		2,761		2,595,948		7,312		2,603,260
Other	20,904		30		2		20,936		21		20,957
Subtotal	18,503,204		15,047		4,603		18,522,854		84,859		18,607,713
Portfolios acquired with deteriorated credit quality	6,085		—		948		7,033		—		7,033
Total	$	18,509,289	$	15,047	$	5,551	$	18,529,887	$	84,859	$	18,614,746

	At December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Current-59 Days Delinquent  and Accruing		60-89 Days  Delinquent  and Accruing		90 Days or More Delinquent  and Accruing		Total  Accruing		Non-accrual		Total
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	$	1,892,771	$	4,073	$	593	$	1,897,437	$	61,950	$	1,959,387
Junior lien	2,837,767		1,268		—		2,839,035		21,274		2,860,309
Total consumer real estate	4,730,538		5,341		593		4,736,472		83,224		4,819,696
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	2,744,500		—		—		2,744,500		6,785		2,751,285
Commercial business	809,907		1		—		809,908		—		809,908
Total commercial	3,554,407		1		—		3,554,408		6,785		3,561,193
Leasing and equipment finance	4,726,339		4,272		2,117		4,732,728		17,089		4,749,817
Inventory finance	2,735,430		191		17		2,735,638		4,116		2,739,754
Auto finance	3,183,196		6,078		2,999		3,192,273		7,366		3,199,639
Other	22,506		3		6		22,515		2		22,517
Subtotal	18,952,416		15,886		5,732		18,974,034		118,582		19,092,616
Portfolios acquired with deteriorated credit quality	10,283		361		1,200		11,844		—		11,844
Total	$	18,962,699	$	16,247	$	6,932	$	18,985,878	$	118,582	$	19,104,460

Interest income recognized on loans and leases in non-accrual status and contractual interest that would have been recorded had the loans and leases performed in accordance with their original contractual terms were as follows:

	Quarter Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Contractual interest due on non-accrual loans and leases	$	2,957	$	3,579	$	5,884	$	8,077
Interest income recognized on non-accrual loans and leases	445		637		903		1,693
Unrecognized interest income	$	2,512	$	2,942	$	4,981	$	6,384

15

Consumer real estate loans to customers currently involved in ongoing Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy proceedings which have not yet been discharged, dismissed or completed were as follows: 

(In thousands)	At June 30, 2018		At December 31, 2017
Consumer real estate loans to customers in bankruptcy:
0-59 days delinquent and accruing	$	5,557	$	7,324
Non-accrual	8,784		10,552
Total consumer real estate loans to customers in bankruptcy	$	14,341	$	17,876

Loan Modifications for Borrowers with Financial Difficulties  Included within loans and leases in the previous accruing and non-accrual loans and leases tables are certain loans that have been modified in order to maximize collection of loan balances. If, for economic or legal reasons related to the customer's financial difficulties, TCF grants a concession, the modified loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") loan. All loans classified as TDR loans are considered to be impaired. For purposes of this disclosure, purchased credit impaired ("PCI") loans have been excluded.

TDR loans were as follows:

	At June 30, 2018						At December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Accruing TDR Loans		Non-accrual TDR Loans		Total TDR Loans		Accruing TDR Loans		Non-accrual TDR Loans		Total TDR Loans
Consumer real estate	$	84,842	$	14,233	$	99,075	$	88,092	$	34,282	$	122,374
Commercial	6,875		9,957		16,832		12,249		83		12,332
Leasing and equipment finance	6,954		2,118		9,072		10,263		1,413		11,676
Inventory finance	—		57		57		—		476		476
Auto finance	3,652		4,902		8,554		3,464		5,351		8,815
Other	2		—		2		3		1		4
Total	$	102,325	$	31,267	$	133,592	$	114,071	$	41,606	$	155,677

Consumer real estate TDR loans generally remain on accruing status following modification if they are less than 90 days past due and payment in full under the modified terms of the loan is expected based on a current credit evaluation and historical payment performance. Of the non-accrual TDR balance at June 30, 2018, $6.3 million, or 44.1%, were loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy that were not reaffirmed by the borrower, of which 47.5% were current. Of the non-accrual TDR balance at December 31, 2017, $22.3 million, or 65.0%, were loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy that were not reaffirmed by the borrower, of which 70.0% were current. All eligible loans are re-aged to current delinquency status upon modification.

The allowance on accruing consumer real estate TDR loans was $16.5 million, or 19.4% of the outstanding balance, at June 30, 2018 and $17.1 million, or 19.4% of the outstanding balance, at December 31, 2017. At June 30, 2018, 0.6% of accruing consumer real estate TDR loans were more than 60 days delinquent, compared with 0.5% at December 31, 2017. The allowance on accruing TDRs and accruing TDR loans that were 60 days or more delinquent were not material for the remaining classes of finance receivables at June 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

Unfunded commitments to commercial and consumer real estate loans classified as TDRs were $1.7 million and $0.9 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, no additional funds were committed to leasing and equipment finance, inventory finance or auto finance loans classified as TDRs.

16

Interest income on TDR loans is recognized based on the restructured terms. Unrecognized interest represents the financial impact of TDR loans and is the difference between interest income recognized on accruing TDR loans and the contractual interest that would have been recorded had the loans performed in accordance with their original contractual terms. The following table summarizes the financial effects of consumer real estate accruing TDR loans. The financial effects of TDR loans for the remaining classes of finance receivables were not material for the second quarter and first six months of 2018 or 2017.

	Quarter Ended June 30,
	2018						2017
(In thousands)	Contractual Interest Due		Interest Income		Unrecognized Interest		Contractual Interest Due		Interest Income		Unrecognized Interest
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	$	1,047	$	616	$	431	$	1,148	$	684	$	464
Junior lien	418		285		133		491		341		150
Total consumer real estate	$	1,465	$	901	$	564	$	1,639	$	1,025	$	614
	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018						2017
(In thousands)	Contractual Interest Due		Interest Income		Unrecognized Interest		Contractual Interest Due		Interest Income		Unrecognized Interest
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	$	2,113	$	1,256	$	857	$	2,300	$	1,371	$	929
Junior lien	842		575		267		997		694		303
Total consumer real estate	$	2,955	$	1,831	$	1,124	$	3,297	$	2,065	$	1,232

TCF considers a loan to have defaulted when under the modified terms it becomes 90 or more days delinquent, has been transferred to non-accrual status, has been charged down or has been transferred to other real estate owned or repossessed and returned assets. The following table summarizes the TDR loans that defaulted during the periods presented that were modified during the respective reporting period or within one year of the beginning of the respective reporting period.

	Quarter Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Defaulted TDR loan balances modified during the applicable period:(1)
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	$	493	$	1,104	$	1,973	$	1,472
Junior lien	36		67		64		180
Total consumer real estate	529		1,171		2,037		1,652
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		6,681
Commercial business	—		—		4,697		3,353
Total commercial	—		—		4,697		10,034
Leasing and equipment finance	—		164		—		321
Auto finance	307		225		697		546
Defaulted TDR loan balances modified during the applicable period	$	836	$	1,560	$	7,431	$	12,553

(1) The loan balances presented are not materially different than the pre-modification loan balances as TCF's loan modifications generally do not forgive principal amounts.

17

Impaired Loans  TCF considers impaired loans to include non-accrual commercial loans, non-accrual equipment finance loans and non-accrual inventory finance loans, as well as all TDR loans. For purposes of this disclosure, PCI loans have been excluded. Non-accrual impaired loans, including non-accrual TDR loans, are included in non-accrual loans and leases within the previous tables. Accruing TDR loans have been disclosed by delinquency status within the previous tables of accruing and non-accrual loans and leases. In the following table, the loan balance of impaired loans represents the amount recorded within loans and leases on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, whereas the unpaid contractual balance represents the balances legally owed by the borrowers.

Information on impaired loans was as follows:

	At June 30, 2018						At December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Unpaid Contractual Balance		Loan Balance		Related Allowance Recorded		Unpaid Contractual Balance		Loan Balance		Related Allowance Recorded
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded:
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	$	65,416	$	62,241	$	12,919	$	91,624	$	80,802	$	13,792
Junior lien	25,937		24,797		3,771		32,327		29,544		4,165
Total consumer real estate	91,353		87,038		16,690		123,951		110,346		17,957
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	5,573		5,228		1,000		6,810		6,702		1,000
Commercial business	7,298		7,274		563		7,841		7,841		560
Total commercial	12,871		12,502		1,563		14,651		14,543		1,560
Leasing and equipment finance	15,787		15,787		2,138		17,105		17,105		1,345
Inventory finance	1,489		1,489		530		1,296		1,298		288
Auto finance	677		501		80		1,333		1,016		243
Other	2		2		—		3		4		1
Total impaired loans with an allowance recorded	122,179		117,319		21,001		158,339		144,312		21,394
Impaired loans without an allowance recorded:
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	12,865		10,383		—		12,898		10,445		—
Junior lien	11,538		1,654		—		17,697		1,583		—
Total consumer real estate	24,403		12,037		—		30,595		12,028		—
Commercial real estate	4,413		4,351		—		4,552		4,491		—
Inventory finance	603		604		—		2,810		2,818		—
Auto finance	11,559		8,053		—		10,566		7,799		—
Other	332		—		—		331		—		—
Total impaired loans without an allowance recorded	41,310		25,045		—		48,854		27,136		—
Total impaired loans	$	163,489	$	142,364	$	21,001	$	207,193	$	171,448	$	21,394

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The average loan balance of impaired loans and interest income recognized on impaired loans were as follows:

	Quarter Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018				2017				2018				2017
(In thousands)	Average Loan Balance		Interest Income Recognized		Average Loan Balance		Interest Income Recognized		Average Loan Balance		Interest Income Recognized		Average Loan Balance		Interest Income Recognized
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded:
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	$	70,964	$	617	$	87,932	$	693	$	71,522	$	1,271	$	96,236	$	1,418
Junior lien	26,998		290		36,182		381		27,170		595		43,764		827
Total consumer real estate	97,962		907		124,114		1,074		98,692		1,866		140,000		2,245
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	5,894		—		3,393		—		5,965		—		6,734		16
Commercial business	7,269		31		1,051		—		7,557		117		13		48
Total commercial	13,163		31		4,444		—		13,522		117		6,747		64
Leasing and equipment finance	16,168		48		10,820		15		16,445		54		10,100		18
Inventory finance	1,339		8		3,468		106		1,394		31		3,323		158
Auto finance	615		—		4,563		45		758		—		4,874		91
Other	3		—		5		—		3		—		5		—
Total impaired loans with an allowance recorded	129,250		994		147,414		1,240		130,814		2,068		165,049		2,576
Impaired loans without an allowance recorded:
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	10,389		173		11,948		206		10,415		356		12,280		524
Junior lien	1,607		53		1,803		69		1,618		108		1,802		321
Total consumer real estate	11,996		226		13,751		275		12,033		464		14,082		845
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	4,386		58		18,165		169		4,421		116		16,009		343
Commercial business	—		—		479		1		—		—		404		1
Total commercial	4,386		58		18,644		170		4,421		116		16,413		344
Inventory finance	1,518		48		857		30		1,711		105		988		74
Auto finance	8,084		65		2,876		—		7,926		134		2,694		—
Total impaired loans without an allowance recorded	25,984		397		36,128		475		26,091		819		34,177		1,263
Total impaired loans	$	155,234	$	1,391	$	183,542	$	1,715	$	156,905	$	2,887	$	199,226	$	3,839

Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed and Returned Assets Other real estate owned and repossessed and returned assets were as follows:

(In thousands)	At June 30, 2018		At December 31, 2017
Other real estate owned	$	16,266	$	18,225
Repossessed and returned assets	11,327		12,630
Consumer real estate loans in process of foreclosure	15,431		22,622

Other real estate owned and repossessed and returned assets were written down $0.8 million and $2.0 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, and $1.7 million and $3.4 million in the same periods in 2017.

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Note 7.  Long-term Borrowings

Long-term borrowings were as follows:

		At June 30, 2018								At December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands)	Stated Maturity	Amount			Stated Rate					Amount			Stated Rate
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	2019	$	—					—	%	$	600,000		1.40	%	-	1.75	%
	2020	1,200,000			2.23	%	-	2.35		275,000			1.76		-	1.78
Subtotal		1,200,000								875,000
Subordinated bank notes	2022	108,979						6.25		108,867						6.25
	2025	148,355						4.60		148,252						4.60
Hedge-related basis adjustment(1)		(7,133		)						(2,157		)
Subtotal		250,201								254,962
Discounted lease rentals	2018	24,524			2.73		-	7.95		52,347			2.55		-	7.95
	2019	39,217			2.53		-	6.00		34,978			2.53		-	6.00
	2020	24,185			2.64		-	6.50		19,736			2.64		-	6.50
	2021	12,652			2.88		-	5.80		10,077			2.88		-	5.00
	2022	3,644			3.04		-	5.50		2,349			3.04		-	5.43
	2023	146			4.90		-	5.50		—						—
Subtotal		104,368								119,487
Total long-term borrowings		$	1,554,569							$	1,249,449

(1) Related to subordinated bank notes with a stated maturity of 2025.

At June 30, 2018, TCF Bank had pledged loans secured by consumer and commercial real estate and Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") stock with an aggregate carrying value of $4.3 billion as collateral for FHLB advances. At June 30, 2018, $1.2 billion of the FHLB advances outstanding were prepayable at TCF's option.

Note 8. Equity

Preferred Stock

Preferred stock was as follows:

(In thousands)	At June 30, 2018		At December 31, 2017
Series B non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock	$	—	$	96,519
Series C non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock	169,302		169,302
Total preferred stock	$	169,302	$	265,821

At June 30, 2018and December 31, 2017, TCF had 7,000,000 depositary shares outstanding, each representing a 1/1000^th ownership interest in a share of the 5.70% Series C non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock of TCF Financial Corporation, par value $0.01 per share, with a liquidation preference of $25,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share) (the "Series C Preferred Stock"). Dividends are payable on the Series C Preferred Stock if, as and when declared by TCF's Board of Directors on a non-cumulative basis on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year at a per annum rate of 5.70%. The Series C Preferred Stock was issued on September 14, 2017 and may be redeemed at TCF's option in whole or in part on December 1, 2022 or on any dividend payment date thereafter.

On March 1, 2018, TCF redeemed all 4,000,000 of the outstanding shares of the 6.45% Series B non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock of TCF Financial Corporation, par value $0.01 per share, with a liquidation preference of $25 per share (the "Series B Preferred Stock") for $100.0 million. Deferred stock issuance costs of $3.5 million originally recorded as a reduction to preferred stock upon the issuance of the Series B Preferred Stock were reclassified to retained earnings and resulted in a one-time, non-cash reduction to net income available to common stockholders utilized in the computation of earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share for the first six months of 2018. Dividends were payable on the Series B Preferred Stock if, as and when declared by TCF's Board of Directors on a non-cumulative basis on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year at a per annum rate of 6.45%.

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Treasury Stock and Other

Treasury stock and other were as follows:

(In thousands)	At June 30, 2018		At December 31, 2017
Treasury stock, at cost	$	136,151	$	10,265
Shares held in trust for deferred compensation plans, at cost	27,956		30,532
Total	$	164,107	$	40,797

TCF repurchased $68.2 million and $125.9 million of its common stock during the second quarter and first six months of 2018 pursuant to its share repurchase program. These shares were recorded as treasury stock. No repurchases of common stock were made in the first six months of 2017. At June 30, 2018, TCF had the authority to repurchase an additional $15.0 million in aggregate value of shares pursuant to its share repurchase program authorized by TCF's Board of Directors. On July 25, 2018, TCF's Board of Directors approved a new authorization to repurchase up to an additional $150.0 million of TCF common stock.

Warrants

At June 30, 2018, TCF had 409,504 warrants outstanding with an exercise price of $16.93 per share, which expire on November 14, 2018. During the first six months of 2018, 2,790,484 warrants have been exercised.

Note 9.  Regulatory Capital Requirements

TCF and TCF Bank are subject to minimum capital requirements administered by the federal banking regulators. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possible additional discretionary, actions by the federal banking regulators that could have a material adverse effect on TCF. In general, TCF Bank may not declare or pay a dividend to TCF Financial in excess of 100% of its net retained earnings for the current year combined with its net retained earnings for the preceding two calendar years, which was $194.3 million at June 30, 2018, without prior approval of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC"). The OCC also has the authority to prohibit the payment of dividends by a national bank when it determines such payments would constitute an unsafe and unsound banking practice. TCF Bank's ability to make capital distributions in the future may require regulatory approval and may be restricted by its federal banking regulators. TCF Bank's ability to make any such distributions will also depend on its earnings and ability to meet minimum regulatory capital requirements in effect during future periods. In the future, these capital adequacy standards may be higher than existing minimum regulatory capital requirements.

Regulatory capital information for TCF and TCF Bank was as follows:

	TCF						TCF Bank
	At June 30,			At December 31,			At June 30,			At December 31,			Well-capitalized Standard		Minimum Capital Requirement(1)
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017			2018			2017
Regulatory Capital:
Common equity Tier 1 capital	$	2,186,528		$	2,242,410		$	2,240,435		$	2,409,027
Tier 1 capital	2,375,210			2,522,178			2,264,081			2,426,854
Total capital	2,728,076			2,889,323			2,647,543			2,837,374
Regulatory Capital Ratios:
Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio	10.60		%	10.79		%	10.86		%	11.59		%	6.50	%	4.50	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	11.51			12.14			10.98			11.68			8.00		6.00
Total risk-based capital ratio	13.22			13.90			12.83			13.65			10.00		8.00
Tier 1 leverage ratio	10.31			11.12			9.83			10.70			5.00		4.00

(1) Excludes capital conservation buffer of 1.875% and 1.25% as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

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Note 10.  Stock Compensation

TCF's restricted stock award and stock option transactions under the TCF Financial 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan ("Omnibus Incentive Plan") and the TCF Financial Incentive Stock Program were as follows:

	Restricted Stock Awards				Stock Options
	Shares		Weighted- average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares		Weighted- average Remaining Contractual Life in Years	Weighted- average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	2,639,663		$	13.65	366,000		0.06	$	15.75
Granted	721,646		21.65		—		—	—
Exercised	—		—		(366,000	)	—	15.75
Forfeited/canceled	(174,384	)	14.99		—		—	—
Vested	(810,323	)	12.06		—		—	—
Outstanding at June 30, 2018	2,376,602		$	16.52	—		—	$	—

At June 30, 2018, there were 264,373 shares of performance-based restricted stock awards outstanding that will vest only if certain performance goals and service conditions are achieved. Failure to achieve the performance goals and service conditions will result in all or a portion of the shares being forfeited. Unrecognized stock compensation expense for restricted stock awards was $23.8 million with a weighted-average remaining amortization period of 1.7 years at June 30, 2018.

At June 30, 2018, there were 406,575 performance-based restricted stock units granted under the Omnibus Incentive Plan that will vest only if certain performance goals are achieved. The number of restricted stock units granted was at target and the actual restricted stock units that will vest will depend on actual performance with a maximum total payout of 150% of target. Failure to achieve the performance goals will result in all or a portion of the restricted stock units being forfeited. The remaining weighted-average performance period of the restricted stock units was 1.9 years at June 30, 2018.

Compensation expense for restricted stock awards and restricted stock units was $3.8 million and $9.6 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, and $2.3 million and $4.1 million in the same periods in 2017.

Note 11.  Employee Benefit Plans

The net periodic benefit plan (income) cost included in other non-interest expense for the TCF Cash Balance Pension Plan (the "Pension Plan") and the Postretirement Plan were as follows:

	Pension Plan
	Quarter Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2018			2017			2018			2017
Interest cost	$	246		$	285		$	492		$	570
Return on plan assets	(132		)	(142		)	(264		)	(284		)
Net periodic benefit plan (income) cost	$	114		$	143		$	228		$	286

	Postretirement Plan
	Quarter Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2018			2017			2018			2017
Interest cost	$	27		$	33		$	55		$	67
Amortization of prior service cost	(11		)	(11		)	(23		)	(23		)
Net periodic benefit plan (income) cost	$	16		$	22		$	32		$	44

TCF made no cash contributions to the Pension Plan in the second quarter and first six months of 2018 or 2017. During the second quarter and first six months of 2018 and 2017, TCF contributed $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, to the Postretirement Plan.

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Note 12.  Derivative Instruments

All derivative instruments are recognized at fair value within other assets or accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Derivative instruments were as follows:

	At June 30, 2018
			Fair Value
(In thousands)	Notional Amount		Derivative Assets			Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	$	150,000	$	—		$	140
Forward foreign exchange contracts	157,838		2,211			—
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments			2,211			140
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	854,273		2,016			6,480
Forward foreign exchange contracts	187,305		985			1,023
Interest rate lock commitments	48,142		992			134
Other contracts	13,054		—			441
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments			3,993			8,078
Total derivatives before netting			6,204			8,218
Netting(1)			(3,495		)	(1,270		)
Total derivatives, net			$	2,709		$	6,948

	At December 31, 2017
			Fair Value
(In thousands)	Notional Amount		Derivative Assets			Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	$	150,000	$	405		$	—
Forward foreign exchange contracts	77,879		—			1,744
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments			405			1,744
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	592,383		1,392			1,688
Forward foreign exchange contracts	330,928		—			4,619
Interest rate lock commitments	18,015		223			—
Other contracts	13,804		—			615
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments			1,615			6,922
Total derivatives before netting			2,020			8,666
Netting(1)			(457		)	(7,098		)
Total derivatives, net			$	1,563		$	1,568

(1) Includes balance sheet netting of derivative asset and derivative liability balances, related cash collateral and portfolio level counterparty valuation adjustments.

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Derivative instruments may be subject to master netting arrangements and collateral arrangements and qualify for offset in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. A master netting arrangement with a counterparty creates a right of offset for amounts due to and from that same counterparty that is enforceable in the event of a default or bankruptcy. Derivative instruments subject to master netting arrangements and collateral arrangements are recognized on a net basis in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The gross amounts recognized, gross amounts offset and net amount presented of the derivative instruments were as follows:

	At June 30, 2018
(In thousands)	Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts  Offset(1)			Net Amount Presented
Derivative assets:
Interest rate contracts	$	2,016	$	(299	)	$	1,717
Interest rate lock commitments	992		—			992
Forward foreign exchange contracts	3,196		(3,196		)	—
Total derivative assets	$	6,204	$	(3,495	)	$	2,709
Derivative liabilities:
Forward foreign exchange contracts	$	1,023	$	(661	)	$	362
Interest rate contracts	6,620		(168		)	6,452
Interest rate lock commitments	134		—			134
Other contracts	441		(441		)	—
Total derivative liabilities	$	8,218	$	(1,270	)	$	6,948

	At December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts Offset(1)			Net Amount Presented
Derivative assets:
Interest rate contracts	$	1,797	$	(457	)	$	1,340
Interest rate lock commitments	223		—			223
Total derivative assets	$	2,020	$	(457	)	$	1,563
Derivative liabilities:
Forward foreign exchange contracts	$	6,363	$	(6,026	)	$	337
Interest rate contracts	1,688		(457		)	1,231
Other contracts	615		(615		)	—
Total derivative liabilities	$	8,666	$	(7,098	)	$	1,568

(1) Includes the amounts with counterparties subject to enforceable master netting arrangements that have been offset in the consolidated balance sheet.

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

Interest Rate ContractTCF Bank entered into an interest rate swap agreement which was designated as a fair value hedge of its contemporaneously issued subordinated debt. The interest rate swap agreement effectively converts the fixed interest rate to a floating rate based on the three-month London InterBank Offered Rate plus a fixed number of basis points on the $150.0 million notional amount. See Note 7. Long-term Borrowings for further information. The carrying amount of the hedged subordinated debt including the cumulative basis adjustment related to the application of fair value hedge accounting are recorded in Long-term borrowings on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and were as follows:

	Carrying Amount  of the Hedged Liability				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liability
(In thousands)	At June 30, 2018		At December 31, 2017		At June 30, 2018			At December 31, 2017
Subordinated bank note - 2025	$	141,222	$	146,095	$	(7,133	)	$	(2,157	)

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The gain (loss) related to the fair value hedge and the line within the Consolidated Statements of Income where the gain (loss) was recorded were as follows:

	Quarter Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2018			2017			2018			2017
Gain (loss) of fair value hedge:
Hedged item	$	1,325		$	(1,260	)	$	5,131		$	(747	)
Derivative designated as a hedging instrument	(1,598		)	1,449			(5,456		)	948
Income statement line where the gain (loss) on the fair value hedge was recorded:
Interest expense - borrowings	$	11,571		$	—		$	21,124		$	—
Other non-interest income	—			2,795			—			5,498

Forward Foreign Exchange Contracts Certain of TCF's forward foreign exchange contracts are used to manage the foreign exchange risk associated with the Company's net investment in TCF Commercial Finance Canada, Inc., a wholly-owned indirect Canadian subsidiary of TCF Bank. These forward foreign exchange contracts have been designated as net investment hedges. The effect of net investment hedges on accumulated other comprehensive income was as follows:

	Quarter Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2018		2017			2018		2017
Forward foreign exchange contracts	$	5,037	$	(1,855	)	$	7,174	$	(2,359	)

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Certain other forward foreign exchange contracts and interest rate contracts, along with other contracts and interest rate lock commitments have not been designated as hedging instruments. The effect of these derivatives in the Consolidated Statements of Income was as follows:

		Quarter Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	Location of Gain (Loss)	2018		2017			2018		2017
Forward foreign exchange contracts	Other non-interest expense	$	2,812	$	(6,374	)	$	11,756	$	(9,633	)
Interest rate lock commitments	Gains on sales of consumer real estate loans, net	418		51			1,042		218
Other contracts	Other non-interest expense	18		—			18		—
Interest rate contracts	Other non-interest income	7		(99		)	106		(108		)
Net gain (loss) recognized		$	3,255	$	(6,422	)	$	12,922	$	(9,523	)

TCF executes all of its forward foreign exchange contracts in the over-the-counter market with large financial institutions pursuant to International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. agreements. These agreements include credit risk-related features that enhance the creditworthiness of these instruments, as compared with other obligations of the respective counterparty with whom TCF has transacted, by requiring that additional collateral be posted under certain circumstances. The amount of collateral required depends on the contract and is determined daily based on market and currency exchange rate conditions.

At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, credit risk-related contingent features existed on forward foreign exchange contracts with a notional value of $15.2 million and $39.8 million, respectively. In the event TCF is rated less than BB- by Standard and Poor's, the contracts could be terminated or TCF may be required to provide approximately $0.3 million and $0.8 million in additional collateral at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. There were $0.2 million and $0.4 million of forward foreign exchange contracts containing credit risk-related features in a liability position at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

At June 30, 2018, TCF had posted $8.3 million and $1.3 million of cash collateral related to its interest rate contracts and other contracts, respectively, and received $6.6 million of cash collateral related to its forward foreign exchange contracts.

25

Note 13.  Fair Value Disclosures

TCF uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The Company's fair values are based on the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Debt securities available for sale, certain loans held for sale, interest-only strips, forward foreign exchange contracts, interest rate contracts, other contracts, interest rate lock commitments, forward loan sales commitments, and assets and liabilities held in trust for deferred compensation plans are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. From time to time we may be required to record at fair value other assets on a non-recurring basis, such as certain debt securities held to maturity, loans, goodwill, other intangible assets, other real estate owned, repossessed and returned assets and the securitization receivable. These non-recurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

TCF groups its assets and liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the degree and reliability of estimates and assumptions used to determine fair value. The levels are as follows: Level 1, which includes valuations that are based on prices obtained from independent pricing sources for the same instruments traded in active markets; Level 2, which includes valuations that are based on prices obtained from independent pricing sources that are based on observable transactions of similar instruments, but not quoted markets and Level 3, which includes valuations generated from Company model-based techniques that use significant unobservable inputs. Such unobservable inputs reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The following is a discussion of the valuation methodologies used to record assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis.

Debt Securities Available for Sale Debt securities available for sale consist primarily of securities of U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies, and obligations of states and political subdivisions. The fair value of these securities, categorized as Level 2, is recorded using prices obtained from independent asset pricing services that are based on observable transactions, but not quoted markets. Management reviews the prices obtained from independent asset pricing services for unusual fluctuations and comparisons to current market trading activity.

Loans Held for Sale Loans held for sale for which the fair value option has been elected are categorized as Level 3. The fair value of these loans is recorded utilizing internal valuation models which use quoted investor prices to estimate the fair value.

Loans Loans for which repayment is expected to be provided solely by the value of the underlying collateral, categorized as Level 3 and recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis, are valued based on the fair value of that collateral less estimated selling costs. Such loans include non-accrual impaired loans as well as certain delinquent non-accrual consumer real estate and auto finance loans. The fair value of the collateral is determined based on internal estimates and assessments provided by third-party appraisers.

Interest-only Strips The fair value of interest-only strips, categorized as Level 3, represents the present value of future cash flows expected to be received by TCF on certain assets. TCF uses available market data, along with its own empirical data and discounted cash flow models, to arrive at the fair value of its interest-only strips. The present value of the estimated expected future cash flows to be received is determined by using discount, loss and prepayment rates that TCF believes are commensurate with the risks associated with the cash flows and what a market participant would use. These assumptions are inherently subject to volatility and uncertainty and, as a result, the fair value of the interest-only strips may fluctuate significantly from period to period.

Derivative Instruments

Forward Foreign Exchange Contracts TCF's forward foreign exchange contracts are currency contracts executed in over-the-counter markets and are recorded at fair value using a cash flow model that includes key inputs such as foreign exchange rates and an assessment of the risk of counterparty non-performance. The risk of counterparty non-performance is based on external assessments of credit risk. The fair value of these contracts, categorized as Level 2, is based on observable transactions, but not quoted markets.

26

Interest Rate Contracts TCF executes interest rate contracts with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Certain of these interest rate contracts are simultaneously hedged by offsetting interest rate contracts TCF executes with a third party, minimizing TCF's net interest rate risk exposure resulting from such transactions. TCF also has an interest rate swap agreement to convert its $150.0 million of fixed-rate subordinated notes to floating rate debt. These derivative instruments are recorded at fair value. The fair value of these interest rate contracts, categorized as Level 2, is determined using a cash flow model which considers the forward curve, the discount curve and credit valuation adjustments related to counterparty and/or borrower non-performance risk.

Other ContractsTCF's swap agreement, categorized as Level 3, is related to the sale of TCF's Visa Class B stock. The fair value of the swap agreement is based on TCF's estimated exposure related to the Visa covered litigation through a probability analysis of the funding and estimated settlement amounts.

Interest Rate Lock CommitmentsTCF's interest rate lock commitments are derivative instruments that are recorded at fair value using an internal valuation model that utilizes estimated rates of successful loan closings and quoted investor prices. While this model uses both Level 2 and Level 3 inputs, TCF has determined that the significant inputs used in the valuation of these commitments fall within Level 3 and therefore the interest rate lock commitments are categorized as Level 3.

Forward Loan Sales Commitments TCF enters into forward loan sales commitments to sell certain consumer real estate loans. The resulting loans held for sale are recorded at fair value under the elected fair value option. TCF relies on internal valuation models to estimate the fair value of these instruments. The valuation models utilize estimated rates of successful loan closings and quoted investor prices. While these models use both Level 2 and Level 3 inputs, TCF has determined that the significant inputs used in the valuation of these commitments fall within Level 3 and therefore the forward loan sales commitments are categorized as Level 3.

Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed and Returned Assets The fair value of other real estate owned, categorized as Level 3, is based on independent appraisals, real estate brokers' price opinions or automated valuation methods, less estimated selling costs. Certain properties require assumptions that are not observable in an active market in the determination of fair value. The fair value of repossessed and returned assets is based on available pricing guides, auction results or price opinions, less estimated selling costs. Assets acquired through foreclosure, repossession or returned to TCF are initially recorded at the lower of the loan or lease carrying amount or fair value less estimated selling costs at the time of transfer to other real estate owned or repossessed and returned assets.

Assets and Liabilities Held in Trust for Deferred Compensation Plans Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plans include investments in publicly traded securities, excluding TCF common stock reported in treasury stock and other equity, and U.S. Treasury notes. The fair value of these assets, categorized as Level 1, is based on prices obtained from independent asset pricing services based on active markets. The fair value of the liabilities equals the fair value of the assets.

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The balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis were as follows:

	At June 30, 2018
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Recurring Fair Value Measurements through Net Income:
Assets:
Loans held for sale	$	—	$	—	$	18,554	$	18,554
Forward foreign exchange contracts(1)	—		985		—		985
Interest rate contracts(1)	—		2,016		—		2,016
Interest rate lock commitments(1)	—		—		992		992
Forward loan sales commitments	—		—		255		255
Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plans	31,643		—		—		31,643
Total assets	$	31,643	$	3,001	$	19,801	$	54,445
Liabilities:
Forward foreign exchange contracts(1)	$	—	$	1,023	$	—	$	1,023
Interest rate contracts(1)	—		6,620		—		6,620
Interest rate lock commitments(1)	—		—		134		134
Other contracts(1)	—		—		441		441
Forward loan sales commitments	—		—		145		145
Liabilities held in trust for deferred compensation plans	31,643		—		—		31,643
Total liabilities	$	31,643	$	7,643	$	720	$	40,006
Recurring Fair Value Measurements through Other Comprehensive Income:
Assets:
Debt securities available for sale:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies	$	—	$	1,441,067	$	—	$	1,441,067
Other	—		—		4		4
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		808,713		—		808,713
Interest-only strips	—		—		19,887		19,887
Forward foreign exchange contracts(1)	—		2,211		—		2,211
Total assets	$	—	$	2,251,991	$	19,891	$	2,271,882
Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements:
Loans	$	—	$	—	$	49,893	$	49,893
Other real estate owned	—		—		11,566		11,566
Repossessed and returned assets	—		3,830		2,685		6,515
Total non-recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	3,830	$	64,144	$	67,974

(1) As permitted under GAAP, TCF has elected to net derivative assets and derivative liabilities when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists as well as the related cash collateral received and paid. For purposes of this table, the derivative assets and derivative liabilities are presented gross of this netting adjustment.

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	At December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Recurring Fair Value Measurements through Net Income:
Assets:
Loans held for sale	$	—	$	—	$	3,356	$	3,356
Interest rate contracts(1)	—		1,797		—		1,797
Interest rate lock commitments(1)	—		—		223		223
Forward loan sales commitments	—		—		68		68
Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plans	29,962		—		—		29,962
Total assets	$	29,962	$	1,797	$	3,647	$	35,406
Liabilities:
Forward foreign exchange contracts(1)	$	—	$	4,619	$	—	$	4,619
Interest rate contracts(1)	—		1,688		—		1,688
Other contracts(1)	—		—		615		615
Forward loan sales commitments	—		—		5		5
Liabilities held in trust for deferred compensation plans	29,962		—		—		29,962
Total liabilities	$	29,962	$	6,307	$	620	$	36,889
Recurring Fair Value Measurements through Other Comprehensive Income:
Assets:
Debt securities available for sale:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies	$	—	$	894,685	$	—	$	894,685
Other	—		—		6		6
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		814,327		—		814,327
Interest-only strips	—		—		21,386		21,386
Total assets	$	—	$	1,709,012	$	21,392	$	1,730,404
Liabilities:
Forward foreign exchange contracts(1)	$	—	$	1,744	$	—	$	1,744
Total liabilities	$	—	$	1,744	$	—	$	1,744
Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements:
Loans	$	—	$	—	$	72,287	$	72,287
Other real estate owned	—		—		14,036		14,036
Repossessed and returned assets	—		3,669		4,388		8,057
Total non-recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	3,669	$	90,711	$	94,380

(1) As permitted under GAAP, TCF has elected to net derivative assets and derivative liabilities when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists as well as the related cash collateral received and paid. For purposes of this table, the derivative assets and derivative liabilities are presented gross of this netting adjustment.

Management assesses the appropriate classification of financial assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy by monitoring the level of available observable market information. Changes in markets or economic conditions, as well as changes to Company valuation models, may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. Such transfers, if any, are recorded at the fair values as of the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurred. TCF had no transfers in the first six months of 2018 or 2017.

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The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

(In thousands)	Debt Securities Available for Sale			Loans Held for Sale			Interest-only Strips			Interest Rate Lock Commitments		Forward Loan Sales Commitments			Other Contracts
At or For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2018:
Asset (liability) balance, beginning of period	$	5		$	9,058		$	21,851		$	558	$	144		$	(538	)
Total net gains (losses) included in:
Net income	—			341			850			300		(34		)	18
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—			—			(8		)	—		—			—
Sales	—			(75,134		)	—			—		—			—
Originations	—			84,294			550			—		—			—
Principal paydowns / settlements	(1		)	(5		)	(3,356		)	—		—			79
Asset (liability) balance, end of period	$	4		$	18,554		$	19,887		$	858	$	110		$	(441	)
At or For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2017:
Asset (liability) balance, beginning of period	$	14		$	3,362		$	35,783		$	464	$	(92	)	$	(541	)
Total net gains (losses) included in:
Net income	—			34			1,100			51		25			—
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—			—			927			—		—			—
Sales	—			(45,160		)	—			—		—			—
Originations	—			47,005			569			—		—			—
Principal paydowns / settlements	(3		)	(3		)	(5,797		)	—		—			79
Asset (liability) balance, end of period	$	11		$	5,238		$	32,582		$	515	$	(67	)	$	(462	)
(In thousands)	Debt Securities Available for Sale			Loans Held for Sale			Interest-only Strips			Interest Rate Lock Commitments		Forward Loan Sales Commitments			Other Contracts
At or For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018:
Asset (liability) balance, beginning of period	$	6		$	3,356		$	21,386		$	223	$	63		$	(615	)
Total net gains (losses) included in:
Net income	—			438			1,181			635		47			18
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—			—			769			—		—			—
Sales	—			(134,881		)	—			—		—			—
Originations	—			149,649			3,849			—		—			—
Principal paydowns / settlements	(2		)	(8		)	(7,298		)	—		—			156
Asset (liability) balance, end of period	$	4		$	18,554		$	19,887		$	858	$	110		$	(441	)
At or For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017:
Asset (liability) balance, beginning of period	$	18		$	6,498		$	40,152		$	297	$	361		$	(619	)
Total net gains (losses) included in:
Net income	—			138			2,213			218		(428		)	—
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—			—			599			—		—			—
Sales	—			(91,874		)	—			—		—			—
Originations	—			90,484			1,916			—		—			—
Principal paydowns / settlements	(7		)	(8		)	(12,298		)	—		—			157
Asset (liability) balance, end of period	$	11		$	5,238		$	32,582		$	515	$	(67	)	$	(462	)

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Fair Value Option

TCF Bank originates first mortgage lien loans in its primary banking markets and sells the loans through correspondent relationships. TCF elected the fair value option for these loans. This election facilitates the offsetting of changes in fair value of the loans held for sale and the derivative financial instruments used to economically hedge them. The difference between the aggregate fair value and aggregate unpaid principal balance of these loans held for sale was as follows:

(In thousands)	At June 30, 2018		At December 31, 2017
Fair value carrying amount	$	18,554	$	3,356
Aggregate unpaid principal amount	17,997		3,268
Fair value carrying amount less aggregate unpaid principal	$	557	$	88

Differences between the fair value carrying amount and the aggregate unpaid principal balance include changes in fair value recorded at and subsequent to funding and gains and losses on the related loan commitment prior to funding. No loans recorded under the fair value option were delinquent or on non-accrual status at June 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017. The net gain from initial measurement of the correspondent lending loans held for sale, any subsequent changes in fair value while the loans are outstanding and any actual adjustment to the gains realized upon sales of the loans totaled $2.5 million and $4.2 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, and $1.0 million and $2.2 million in the same periods in 2017, and are included in net gains on sales of consumer real estate loans. These amounts exclude the impacts from the interest rate lock commitments and forward loan sales commitments which are also included in net gains on sales of consumer real estate loans.

Disclosures About Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Management discloses the estimated fair value of financial instruments, including assets and liabilities on and off the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. These fair value estimates were made at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 based on relevant market information and information about the financial instruments. Fair value estimates are intended to represent the price at which an asset could be sold or a liability could be settled. However, given there is no active market or observable market transactions for many of the Company's financial instruments, the estimates of fair values are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties and include matters of significant judgment. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimated values.

The following is a summary of the fair value classifications used for the financial instruments not recorded at fair value.

Investments The estimated fair value of investments in FHLB stock and Federal Reserve Bank stock is categorized as Level 2.

Debt Securities Held to Maturity The estimated fair value of mortgage-backed securities of U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies is categorized as Level 2. The estimated fair value of other debt securities held to maturity is categorized as Level 3.

Loans Held for Sale The estimated fair value of loans held for sale is categorized as Level 3.

Loans The estimated fair value of loans is categorized as Level 3.

Securitization Receivable The estimated fair value of the securitization receivable is categorized as Level 3.

Deposits The estimated fair value of checking, savings and money market deposits is categorized as Level 1. The estimated fair value of certificates of deposit is categorized as Level 2. The intangible value of long-term relationships with depositors is not taken into account in the estimated fair values disclosed.

Long-term Borrowings The estimated fair value of TCF's long-term borrowings is categorized as Level 2.

Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk The estimated fair value of TCF's commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is categorized as Level 2.

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The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments, excluding short-term financial assets and liabilities as their carrying amounts approximate fair value, and excluding financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, were as follows. This information represents only a portion of TCF's balance sheet and not the estimated value of the Company as a whole. Non-financial instruments such as the intangible value of TCF's branches and core deposits, leasing operations, goodwill, premises and equipment and the future revenues from TCF's customers are not reflected in this disclosure. Therefore, this information is of limited use in assessing the value of TCF.

	At June 30, 2018
	Carrying			Estimated Fair Value
(In thousands)	Amount			Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Financial instrument assets:
Investments	$	95,661		$	—	$	95,661		$	—	$	95,661
Debt securities held to maturity	155,962			—		152,575			2,800		155,375
Loans held for sale	291,491			—		—			307,466		307,466
Loans:
Consumer real estate	4,630,914			—		—			4,710,446		4,710,446
Commercial real estate	2,808,268			—		—			2,768,940		2,768,940
Commercial business	898,133			—		—			857,325		857,325
Equipment finance	2,177,569			—		—			2,130,640		2,130,640
Inventory finance	3,005,165			—		—			2,989,817		2,989,817
Auto finance	2,603,260			—		—			2,569,950		2,569,950
Other	20,957			—		—			18,825		18,825
Allowance for loan losses(1)	(165,619		)	—		—			—		—
Securitization receivable(2)	19,305			—		—			18,809		18,809
Total financial instrument assets	$	16,541,066		$	—	$	248,236		$	16,375,018	$	16,623,254
Financial instrument liabilities:
Deposits	$	18,363,273		$	13,541,161	$	4,851,124		$	—	$	18,392,285
Long-term borrowings	1,554,569			—		1,556,224			—		1,556,224
Total financial instrument liabilities	$	19,917,842		$	13,541,161	$	6,407,348		$	—	$	19,948,509
Financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk:(3)
Commitments to extend credit	$	18,196		$	—	$	18,196		$	—	$	18,196
Standby letters of credit	(74		)	—		(74		)	—		(74		)
Total financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk	$	18,122		$	—	$	18,122		$	—	$	18,122

(1) Expected credit losses are included in the estimated fair values.

(2) Carrying amounts are included in other assets.

(3) Positive amounts represent assets, negative amounts represent liabilities.

32

	At December 31, 2017
	Carrying			Estimated Fair Value
(In thousands)	Amount			Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Financial instrument assets:
Investments	$	82,644		$	—	$	82,644		$	—	$	82,644
Debt securities held to maturity	161,576			—		162,826			2,800		165,626
Loans held for sale	134,752			—		—			139,458		139,458
Loans:
Consumer real estate	4,819,696			—		—			4,916,475		4,916,475
Commercial real estate	2,751,285			—		—			2,710,237		2,710,237
Commercial business	809,908			—		—			776,989		776,989
Equipment finance	2,300,479			—		—			2,260,692		2,260,692
Inventory finance	2,739,754			—		—			2,723,045		2,723,045
Auto finance	3,199,639			—		—			3,197,794		3,197,794
Other	22,517			—		—			21,129		21,129
Allowance for loan losses(1)	(171,041		)	—		—			—		—
Securitization receivable(2)	19,179			—		—			18,595		18,595
Total financial instrument assets	$	16,870,388		$	—	$	245,470		$	16,767,214	$	17,012,684
Financial instrument liabilities:
Deposits	$	18,335,002		$	13,352,731	$	5,023,526		$	—	$	18,376,257
Long-term borrowings	1,249,449			—		1,255,333			—		1,255,333
Total financial instrument liabilities	$	19,584,451		$	13,352,731	$	6,278,859		$	—	$	19,631,590
Financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk:(3)
Commitments to extend credit	$	19,423		$	—	$	19,423		$	—	$	19,423
Standby letters of credit	(83		)	—		(83		)	—		(83		)
Total financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk	$	19,340		$	—	$	19,340		$	—	$	19,340

(1) Expected credit losses are included in the estimated fair values.

(2) Carrying amounts are included in other assets.

(3) Positive amounts represent assets, negative amounts represent liabilities.

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Note 14.  Earnings Per Common Share

The computations of basic and diluted earnings per common share were as follows:

	Quarter Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Basic Earnings Per Common Share:
Net income attributable to TCF Financial Corporation	$	58,749	$	60,432	$	132,510	$	106,710
Preferred stock dividends	2,494		4,847		6,600		9,694
Impact of preferred stock redemption(1)	—		—		3,481		—
Net income available to common stockholders	56,255		55,585		122,429		97,016
Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities	8		9		17		17
Earnings allocated to common stock	$	56,247	$	55,576	$	122,412	$	96,999
Weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share	165,728,591		168,593,739		167,110,343		168,250,086
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.34	$	0.33	$	0.73	$	0.58
Diluted Earnings Per Common Share:
Earnings allocated to common stock	$	56,247	$	55,576	$	122,412	$	96,999
Weighted-average common shares outstanding used in basic earnings per common share calculation	165,728,591		168,593,739		167,110,343		168,250,086
Net dilutive effect of:
Non-participating restricted stock	547,182		255,681		639,468		339,975
Stock options	—		7,798		4,742		25,376
Warrants	581,867		—		709,993		—
Weighted-average common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per common share	166,857,640		168,857,218		168,464,546		168,615,437
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.34	$	0.33	$	0.73	$	0.58

(1) Represents the amount of deferred stock issuance costs originally recorded in preferred stock upon the issuance of the Series B Preferred Stock that were reclassified to retained earnings on March 1, 2018, as the Company redeemed all outstanding Series B Preferred Stock.

For both the second quarter and first six months of 2018, there were 846,626 outstanding shares related to non-participating restricted stock that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because they were anti-dilutive. For the second quarter and first six months of 2017, there were 4,060,727 and 4,014,342, respectively, of outstanding shares related to warrants and non-participating restricted stock that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because they were anti-dilutive.

34

Note 15. Other Non-interest Expense

Other non-interest expense was as follows:

	Quarter Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection and OCC settlement charge(1)	$	32,000	$	—	$	32,000	$	—
Advertising and marketing	7,104		7,212		14,401		13,618
Outside processing	5,648		4,754		10,884		9,235
Professional fees	4,765		7,575		10,086		14,768
Card processing and issuance costs	4,212		4,706		8,669		8,815
FDIC insurance	3,719		3,824		7,789		7,783
Loan and lease processing	3,530		5,773		7,117		11,954
Severance	1,268		1,285		3,359		7,918
Other	26,838		26,234		53,598		51,488
Total other non-interest expense	$	89,084	$	61,363	$	147,903	$	125,579

(1) See Note 17. Litigation Contingencies for further information.

Note 16. Business Segments

The Company's reportable segments are Consumer Banking, Wholesale Banking and Enterprise Services. Consumer Banking is comprised of all of the Company's consumer-facing businesses and includes retail banking, consumer real estate and auto finance. Wholesale Banking is comprised of commercial banking, leasing and equipment finance, and inventory finance. Enterprise Services is comprised of (i) corporate treasury, which includes TCF's investment and borrowing portfolios and management of capital, debt and market risks; (ii) corporate functions, such as information technology, risk and credit management, bank operations, finance, investor relations, corporate development, internal audit, legal and human capital management that provide services to the operating segments; (iii) the Holding Company and (iv) eliminations.

TCF evaluates performance and allocates resources based on each reportable segment's net income or loss. The reportable business segments follow GAAP as described in Note 1. Basis of Presentation, except for the accounting for intercompany interest income and interest expense, which are eliminated in consolidation, and presenting net interest income on a fully tax-equivalent basis. TCF generally accounts for inter-segment sales and transfers at cost.

35

Certain information for each of TCF's reportable segments, including reconciliations of TCF's consolidated totals, was as follows:

(In thousands)	Consumer Banking		Wholesale Banking			Enterprise Services			Consolidated
At or For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2018:
Interest income:
Loans and leases	$	107,559	$	162,665		$	(944	)	$	269,280
Debt securities available for sale	—		—			12,516			12,516
Debt securities held to maturity	—		24			974			998
Loans held for sale and other	1,685		24			1,820			3,529
Funds transfer pricing - credits	100,307		8,180			(108,487		)	—
Total interest income	209,551		170,893			(94,121		)	286,323
Interest expense:
Deposits	18,415		1,797			3,741			23,953
Borrowings	11,282		20,887			(20,598		)	11,571
Funds transfer pricing - charges	40,399		49,838			(90,237		)	—
Total interest expense	70,096		72,522			(107,094		)	35,524
Net interest income	139,455		98,371			12,973			250,799
Provision for credit losses	10,889		3,347			—			14,236
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	128,566		95,024			12,973			236,563
Non-interest income:
Fees and service charges	29,141		3,529			—			32,670
Card revenue	14,947		15			—			14,962
ATM revenue	4,933		—			—			4,933
Subtotal	49,021		3,544			—			52,565
Gains on sales of consumer real estate loans, net	7,192		—			—			7,192
Servicing fee income	7,046		438			—			7,484
Subtotal	14,238		438			—			14,676
Leasing and equipment finance	—		42,904			—			42,904
Other	3,102		477			355			3,934
Fees and other revenue	66,361		47,363			355			114,079
Gains (losses) on debt securities, net	—		24			—			24
Total non-interest income	66,361		47,387			355			114,103
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and employee benefits	52,677		23,199			44,699			120,575
Occupancy and equipment	26,248		5,046			9,417			40,711
Other	104,451		29,984			(45,351		)	89,084
Subtotal	183,376		58,229			8,765			250,370
Operating lease depreciation	—		17,945			—			17,945
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets, net	3,289		568			—			3,857
Other credit costs, net	51		(184		)	—			(133		)
Total non-interest expense	186,716		76,558			8,765			272,039
Income before income tax expense	8,211		65,853			4,563			78,627
Income tax expense	2,165		14,251			2			16,418
Income after income tax expense	6,046		51,602			4,561			62,209
Income attributable to non-controlling interest	—		3,460			—			3,460
Preferred stock dividends	—		—			2,494			2,494
Net income available to common stockholders	$	6,046	$	48,142		$	2,067		$	56,255
Revenues from external customers:
Interest income	$	109,244	$	161,769		$	15,310		$	286,323
Non-interest income	66,361		47,387			355			114,103
Total	$	175,605	$	209,156		$	15,665		$	400,426
Total assets	$	8,251,761	$	11,899,208		$	3,033,493		$	23,184,462

36

(In thousands)	Consumer Banking		Wholesale Banking			Enterprise Services			Consolidated
At or For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2017:
Interest income:
Loans and leases	$	106,902	$	128,725		$	(1,535	)	$	234,092
Debt securities available for sale	—		—			8,052			8,052
Debt securities held to maturity	—		23			1,012			1,035
Loans held for sale and other	4,312		14			1,012			5,338
Funds transfer pricing - credits	91,047		5,785			(96,832		)	—
Total interest income	202,261		134,547			(88,291		)	248,517
Interest expense:
Deposits	12,392		470			1,574			14,436
Borrowings	12,013		11,667			(16,760		)	6,920
Funds transfer pricing - charges	34,752		34,244			(68,996		)	—
Total interest expense	59,157		46,381			(84,182		)	21,356
Net interest income (expense)	143,104		88,166			(4,109		)	227,161
Provision for credit losses	16,731		2,715			—			19,446
Net interest income (expense) after provision for credit losses	126,373		85,451			(4,109		)	207,715
Non-interest income:
Fees and service charges	30,138		2,595			—			32,733
Card revenue	14,153		1			—			14,154
ATM revenue	5,059		2			—			5,061
Subtotal	49,350		2,598			—			51,948
Gains on sales of auto loans, net	380		—			—			380
Gains on sales of consumer real estate loans, net	8,980		—			—			8,980
Servicing fee income	10,424		306			—			10,730
Subtotal	19,784		306			—			20,090
Leasing and equipment finance	—		39,830			—			39,830
Other	2,324		205			266			2,795
Fees and other revenue	71,458		42,939			266			114,663
Total non-interest income	71,458		42,939			266			114,663
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and employee benefits	55,801		21,863			37,966			115,630
Occupancy and equipment	26,030		5,024			7,911			38,965
Other	74,981		27,211			(40,829		)	61,363
Subtotal	156,812		54,098			5,048			215,958
Operating lease depreciation	—		12,466			—			12,466
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets, net	4,143		496			—			4,639
Other credit costs, net	143		(119		)	—			24
Total non-interest expense	161,098		66,941			5,048			233,087
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)	36,733		61,449			(8,891		)	89,291
Income tax expense (benefit)	13,253		20,539			(7,998		)	25,794
Income (loss) after income tax expense (benefit)	23,480		40,910			(893		)	63,497
Income attributable to non-controlling interest	—		3,065			—			3,065
Preferred stock dividends	—		—			4,847			4,847
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders	$	23,480	$	37,845		$	(5,740	)	$	55,585
Revenues from external customers:
Interest income	$	111,214	$	127,227		$	10,076		$	248,517
Non-interest income	71,458		42,939			266			114,663
Total	$	182,672	$	170,166		$	10,342		$	363,180
Total assets	$	9,026,332	$	10,769,691		$	2,258,628		$	22,054,651

37

(In thousands)	Consumer Banking		Wholesale Banking		Enterprise Services			Consolidated
At or For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018:
Interest income:
Loans and leases	$	217,319	$	314,190	$	(1,854	)	$	529,655
Debt securities available for sale	—		—		22,639			22,639
Debt securities held to maturity	—		47		1,970			2,017
Loans held for sale and other	3,742		45		3,487			7,274
Funds transfer pricing - credits	196,889		15,928		(212,817		)	—
Total interest income	417,950		330,210		(186,575		)	561,585
Interest Expense:
Deposits	36,270		3,231		6,962			46,463
Borrowings	23,689		38,285		(40,850		)	21,124
Funds transfer pricing - charges	78,628		94,723		(173,351		)	—
Total interest expense	138,587		136,239		(207,239		)	67,587
Net interest income	279,363		193,971		20,664			493,998
Provision for credit losses	19,778		5,826		—			25,604
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	259,585		188,145		20,664			468,394
Non-interest income:
Fees and service charges	57,738		5,683		—			63,421
Card revenue	28,697		24		—			28,721
ATM revenue	9,582		1		—			9,583
Subtotal	96,017		5,708		—			101,725
Gains on sales of consumer real estate loans, net	16,315		—		—			16,315
Servicing fee income	14,972		807		—			15,779
Subtotal	31,287		807		—			32,094
Leasing and equipment finance	—		84,751		—			84,751
Other	6,167		1,084		399			7,650
Fees and other revenue	133,471		92,350		399			226,220
Gains (losses) on debt securities, net	—		87		—			87
Total non-interest income	133,471		92,437		399			226,307
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and employee benefits	107,907		47,487		89,021			244,415
Occupancy and equipment	52,116		9,953		19,156			81,225
Other	180,551		58,629		(91,277		)	147,903
Subtotal	340,574		116,069		16,900			473,543
Operating lease depreciation	—		35,219		—			35,219
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets, net	7,548		1,218		7			8,773
Other credit costs, net	60		424		—			484
Total non-interest expense	348,182		152,930		16,907			518,019
Income before income tax expense (benefit)	44,874		127,652		4,156			176,682
Income tax expense (benefit)	10,988		28,128		(1,067		)	38,049
Income after income tax expense (benefit)	33,886		99,524		5,223			138,633
Income attributable to non-controlling interest	—		6,123		—			6,123
Preferred stock dividends	—		—		6,600			6,600
Impact of preferred stock redemption	—		—		3,481			3,481
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders	$	33,886	$	93,401	$	(4,858	)	$	122,429
Revenues from external customers:
Interest income	$	221,061	$	312,428	$	28,096		$	561,585
Non-interest income	133,471		92,437		399			226,307
Total	$	354,532	$	404,865	$	28,495		$	787,892
Total assets	$	8,251,761	$	11,899,208	$	3,033,493		$	23,184,462

38

(In thousands)	Consumer Banking		Wholesale Banking			Enterprise Services			Consolidated
At or For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017:
Interest income:
Loans and leases	$	204,135	$	252,451		$	(2,946	)	$	453,640
Debt securities available for sale	—		—			16,032			16,032
Debt securities held to maturity	—		51			2,264			2,315
Loans held for sale and other	16,912		36			1,889			18,837
Funds transfer pricing - credits	178,929		11,142			(190,071		)	—
Total interest income	399,976		263,680			(172,832		)	490,824
Interest Expense:
Deposits	24,434		795			2,922			28,151
Borrowings	23,096		21,599			(31,297		)	13,398
Funds transfer pricing - charges	69,025		65,478			(134,503		)	—
Total interest expense	116,555		87,872			(162,878		)	41,549
Net interest income (expense)	283,421		175,808			(9,954		)	449,275
Provision for credit losses	22,082		9,557			—			31,639
Net interest income (expense) after provision for credit losses	261,339		166,251			(9,954		)	417,636
Non-interest income:
Fees and service charges	59,647		4,368			—			64,015
Card revenue	27,303		1			—			27,304
ATM revenue	9,734		2			—			9,736
Subtotal	96,684		4,371			—			101,055
Gains on sales of auto loans, net	3,244		—			—			3,244
Gains on sales of consumer real estate loans, net	17,871		—			—			17,871
Servicing fee income	21,737		644			—			22,381
Subtotal	42,852		644			—			43,496
Leasing and equipment finance	—		68,128			—			68,128
Other	4,684		515			299			5,498
Fees and other revenue	144,220		73,658			299			218,177
Total non-interest income	144,220		73,658			299			218,177
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and employee benefits	117,021		44,296			78,611			239,928
Occupancy and equipment	51,698		9,920			16,947			78,565
Other	153,778		53,438			(81,637		)	125,579
Subtotal	322,497		107,654			13,921			444,072
Operating lease depreciation	—		23,708			—			23,708
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets, net	7,722		1,184			282			9,188
Other credit costs, net	168		(43		)	—			125
Total non-interest expense	330,387		132,503			14,203			477,093
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)	75,172		107,406			(23,858		)	158,720
Income tax expense (benefit)	26,763		35,607			(15,733		)	46,637
Income (loss) after income tax expense (benefit)	48,409		71,799			(8,125		)	112,083
Income attributable to non-controlling interest	—		5,373			—			5,373
Preferred stock dividends	—		—			9,694			9,694
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders	$	48,409	$	66,426		$	(17,819	)	$	97,016
Revenues from external customers:
Interest income	$	221,047	$	249,592		$	20,185		$	490,824
Non-interest income	144,220		73,658			299			218,177
Total	$	365,267	$	323,250		$	20,484		$	709,001
Total assets	$	9,026,332	$	10,769,691		$	2,258,628		$	22,054,651

39

Note 17.  Litigation Contingencies

From time to time TCF is a party to legal proceedings arising out of its lending, leasing and deposit operations, including foreclosure proceedings and other collection actions as part of its lending and leasing collections activities. TCF may also be subject to regulatory examinations and enforcement actions brought by federal regulators, including the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Reserve, the OCC and the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection ("BCFP") which may impose sanctions on TCF for failures related to regulatory compliance. From time to time borrowers and other customers, and employees and former employees have also brought actions against TCF, in some cases claiming substantial damages. TCF and other financial services companies are subject to the risk of class action litigation. Litigation is often unpredictable and the actual results of litigation cannot be determined and therefore the ultimate resolution of a matter and the possible range of loss associated with certain potential outcomes cannot be established. Based on our current understanding of TCF's pending legal proceedings, management does not believe that judgments or settlements arising from pending or threatened legal matters, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, operating results or cash flows of TCF.

On January 19, 2017, the BCFP filed a civil lawsuit against TCF Bank in the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota (the "Court"), captioned Consumer Financial Protection Bureau v. TCF National Bank, alleging violations of the Consumer Financial Protection Act ("CFPA") and Regulation E, §1005.17 in connection with TCF Bank's practices administering checking account overdraft program "opt-in" requirements from 2010 to early 2014. On September 8, 2017, the Court issued a ruling on the motion made by TCF Bank to dismiss the complaint of the BCFP. In its ruling, the Court granted TCF Bank's motion to dismiss the BCFP's Regulation E claims and also dismissed the BCFP's unfair, deceptive and abusive conduct claims under the CFPA for periods prior to July 21, 2011. On July 20, 2018, TCF Bank entered into a Stipulated Final Judgment and Order (the "BCFP Settlement") with the BCFP to resolve the matter and has entered into a Consent Order and a Consent Order For a Civil Money Penalty and related stipulations (collectively, the "OCC Consent Orders") with the OCC to resolve related regulatory issues with the OCC (collectively, the BCFP Settlement and the OCC Consent Orders are referred to herein as the "Consent Agreements"). The Consent Agreements provide, among other things, for TCF Bank to submit a restitution plan to the BCFP and OCC pursuant to which TCF Bank will pay restitution in the total amount of $25.0 million to certain current and former customers and require a notice to certain customers opted-in to overdraft service reminding them of their current opt-in choice. The Consent Agreements also provide that TCF Bank shall pay $5.0 million in civil money penalties, $3.0 million of which shall be paid to the OCC and $2.0 million of which shall be paid to the BCFP. In addition, TCF Bank expects to incur approximately $2.0 million in administrative costs related to the administration of the restitution plan required under the Consent Agreements. The financial impact of the Consent Agreements is reflected in TCF Financial Corporation's second quarter results.

40

Note 18.  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The components of other comprehensive income (loss), reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to various financial statement line items and the related tax effects were as follows:

	Quarter Ended June 30,
	2018									2017
(In thousands)	Before Tax			Tax Effect			Net of Tax			Before Tax			Tax Effect			Net of Tax
Net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale and interest-only strips:
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period	$	(6,543	)	$	1,634		$	(4,909	)	$	19,426		$	(7,385	)	$	12,041
Reclassification of net (gains) losses from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to:
Total interest income	271			(68		)	203			356			(136		)	220
Other non-interest expense	(132		)	32			(100		)	129			(49		)	80
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	139			(36		)	103			485			(185		)	300
Net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale and interest-only strips	(6,404		)	1,598			(4,806		)	19,911			(7,570		)	12,341
Net unrealized gains (losses) on net investment hedges	5,037			(1,258		)	3,779			(1,855		)	706			(1,149		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment(1)	(4,925		)	—			(4,925		)	2,007			—			2,007
Recognized postretirement prior service cost:
Reclassification of amortization of prior service cost to Other non-interest expense	(11		)	3			(8		)	(11		)	4			(7		)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(6,303	)	$	343		$	(5,960	)	$	20,052		$	(6,860	)	$	13,192
	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018									2017
(In thousands)	Before Tax			Tax Effect			Net of Tax			Before Tax			Tax Effect			Net of Tax
Net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale and interest-only strips:
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period	$	(44,435	)	$	11,172		$	(33,263	)	$	23,588		$	(8,967	)	$	14,621
Reclassification of net (gains) losses from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to:
Total interest income	547			(137		)	410			404			(154		)	250
Other non-interest expense	305			(77		)	228			386			(147		)	239
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	852			(214		)	638			790			(301		)	489
Net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale and interest-only strips	(43,583		)	10,958			(32,625		)	24,378			(9,268		)	15,110
Net unrealized gains (losses) on net investment hedges	7,174			(1,791		)	5,383			(2,359		)	897			(1,462		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment(1)	(7,035		)	—			(7,035		)	2,588			—			2,588
Recognized postretirement prior service cost:
Reclassification of amortization of prior service cost to Other non-interest expense	(23		)	6			(17		)	(23		)	9			(14		)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(43,467	)	$	9,173		$	(34,294	)	$	24,584		$	(8,362	)	$	16,222

(1)  Foreign investments are deemed to be permanent in nature and, therefore, TCF does not provide for taxes on foreign currency translation adjustments.

41

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:

(In thousands)	Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Debt Securities Available for Sale and Interest-only Strips			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Net Investment Hedges			Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment			Recognized Postretirement Prior Service Cost			Total
At or For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2018:
Balance, beginning of period	$	(44,172	)	$	6,140		$	(8,953	)	$	134		$	(46,851	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(4,909		)	3,779			(4,925		)	—			(6,055		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	103			—			—			(8		)	95
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	(4,806		)	3,779			(4,925		)	(8		)	(5,960		)
Balance, end of period	$	(48,978	)	$	9,919		$	(13,878	)	$	126		$	(52,811	)
At or For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2017:
Balance, beginning of period	$	(25,832	)	$	6,180		$	(11,183	)	$	140		$	(30,695	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	12,041			(1,149		)	2,007			—			12,899
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	300			—			—			(7		)	293
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	12,341			(1,149		)	2,007			(7		)	13,192
Balance, end of period	$	(13,491	)	$	5,031		$	(9,176	)	$	133		$	(17,503	)
(In thousands)	Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Debt Securities Available for Sale and Interest-only Strips			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Net Investment Hedges			Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment			Recognized Postretirement Prior Service Cost			Total
At or For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018:
Balance, beginning of period	$	(16,353	)	$	4,536		$	(6,843	)	$	143		$	(18,517	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(33,263		)	5,383			(7,035		)	—			(34,915		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	638			—			—			(17		)	621
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	(32,625		)	5,383			(7,035		)	(17		)	(34,294		)
Balance, end of period	$	(48,978	)	$	9,919		$	(13,878	)	$	126		$	(52,811	)
At or For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017:
Balance, beginning of period	$	(28,601	)	$	6,493		$	(11,764	)	$	147		$	(33,725	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	14,621			(1,462		)	2,588			—			15,747
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	489			—			—			(14		)	475
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	15,110			(1,462		)	2,588			(14		)	16,222
Balance, end of period	$	(13,491	)	$	5,031		$	(9,176	)	$	133		$	(17,503	)

42

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

TCF Financial Corporation (together with its direct and indirect subsidiaries, "we," "us," "our," "TCF" or the "Company"), a Delaware corporation, is a national bank holding company based in Wayzata, Minnesota. References herein to "TCF Financial" or the "Holding Company" refer to TCF Financial Corporation on an unconsolidated basis. Its principal subsidiary, TCF National Bank ("TCF Bank"), is headquartered in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. At June 30, 2018, TCF Bank operated 315 bank branches in Illinois, Minnesota, Michigan, Colorado, Wisconsin, Arizona and South Dakota (TCF's "primary banking markets"). Through its direct subsidiaries, TCF Bank provides a full range of consumer facing and commercial services, including consumer banking services, commercial banking services, commercial leasing and equipment financing, and commercial inventory financing.

TCF provides convenient financial services through multiple channels in its primary banking markets. TCF has developed products and services designed to meet the specific needs of the largest consumer segments in the market. The Company focuses on attracting and retaining customers through service and convenience, including select locations open seven days a week with extended hours and on most holidays, full-service supermarket branches, access to automated teller machine ("ATM") networks and digital banking channels. TCF's philosophy is to generate interest income, fees and other revenue growth through business lines that emphasize higher yielding assets and low interest cost deposits. TCF's growth strategies include organic growth in existing businesses, development of new products and services, new customer acquisition and acquisitions of portfolios or businesses. New products and services are designed to build on existing businesses and expand into complementary products and services through strategic initiatives. Funded generally through retail deposit generation, TCF continues to focus on profitable asset growth.

Net interest income, the difference between interest income earned on loans and leases, debt securities, investments and other interest-earning assets (interest income) and interest paid on deposits and borrowings (interest expense), represented 68.7% and 68.6% of TCF's total revenue for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with 66.5% and 67.3% for the same periods in 2017. Net interest income can change significantly from period to period based on interest rates, customer prepayment patterns, the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and the volume and mix of interest-bearing and non-interest bearing deposits and interest-bearing borrowings. TCF manages the risk of changes in interest rates on its net interest income through a management Asset & Liability Committee and through related interest rate risk monitoring and management policies. See "Part I, Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" for further discussion.

Non-interest income is a significant source of revenue for TCF and an important component of TCF's results of operations. The significant components of non-interest income are from leasing and equipment finance, and fees and service charges. The leasing and equipment finance business generates non-interest income primarily from operating leases and sales-type leases. Providing a wide range of consumer banking services is an integral component of TCF's business philosophy. Primary drivers of bank fees and service charges include the number of customers we attract, the customers' level of engagement and the frequency with which the customer uses our solutions. As an effort to diversify TCF's non-interest income sources and manage credit concentration risk, TCF sells loans, primarily secured by consumer real estate, which result in gains on sales, as well as servicing fee income. Primary drivers of gains on sales include TCF's ability to originate loans held for sale, identify loan buyers and execute loan sales. Effective December 1, 2017, the Company discontinued auto finance loan originations and did not sell any auto finance loans during the first six months of 2018. TCF will continue to service existing auto loans on its balance sheet and those serviced for others.

The following portions of this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("Management's Discussion and Analysis") focus in more detail on the results of operations for the second quarter and first six months of 2018 and 2017 and on information about TCF's financial condition, loan and lease portfolio, liquidity, funding resources, capital and other matters.

43

Results of Operations

Performance Summary TCF reported net income of $58.7 million and $132.5 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $60.4 million and $106.7 million for the same periods in 2017. TCF reported diluted earnings per common share of 34 cents and 73 cents for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with 33 cents and 58 cents for the same periods in 2017. Diluted earnings per common share for both the second quarter and first six months of 2018 were impacted by a charge of 15 cents per common share related to the settlement with the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection ("BCFP") and Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC"). Additionally, diluted earnings per common share for the first six months of 2018 was impacted by a one-time reduction in net income available to common stockholders of 2 cents per common share related to the redemption of the 6.45% Series B non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock on March 1, 2018.

Return on average assets on a fully tax-equivalent basis was 1.08% and 1.20% for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with 1.17% and 1.03% for the same periods in 2017. Total average assets were $23.1 billion for both the second quarter and first six months of 2018, compared with $21.7 billion for the same periods in 2017. Return on average common equity was 9.72% and 10.48% for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with 9.96% and 8.82% for the same periods in 2017. Total average common equity was $2.3 billion for both the second quarter and first six months of 2018, compared with $2.2 billion for the same periods in 2017.

Consolidated Income Statement Analysis

Net Interest Income Net interest income was $250.8 million and $494.0 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $227.2 million and $449.3 million for the same periods in 2017. Net interest income represented 68.7% and 68.6% of TCF's total revenue for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with 66.5% and 67.3% for the same periods in 2017. The increases in net interest income from both periods were primarily due to increases in interest income on loans and leases held for investment and debt securities available for sale, partially offset by increases in total interest expense. The increase from the first six months of 2017 was also partially offset by a decrease in interest income on loans and leases held for sale. Total interest income was $286.3 million and $561.6 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $248.5 million and $490.8 million for the same periods in 2017. The increase in total interest income from the second quarter of 2017 was primarily due to higher average balances and increased average yields on the variable- and adjustable-rate loan portfolios, as well as increased average yields and higher average balances of leasing and equipment finance loans and leases and higher average balances of debt securities available for sale. These increases were partially offset by lower average balances of auto finance and fixed-rate consumer real estate loans. The increase in total interest income from the first six months of 2017 was primarily due to increased average yields and higher average balances of the variable- and adjustable-rate loan portfolios, as well as higher average balances and increased average yields on leasing and equipment finance loans and leases and higher average balances of debt securities available for sale, partially offset by lower average balances of fixed-rate consumer real estate loans, decreased interest income on auto finance loans due to run-off in the portfolio and lower average balances of fixed-rate commercial loans. Total interest expense was $35.5 million and $67.6 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $21.4 million and $41.5 million for the same periods in 2017. The increases from both periods were primarily due to increased average rates and higher average balances of certificates of deposit and long-term borrowings, as well as increased average rates on savings accounts.

Net interest income on a fully tax-equivalent basis divided by average interest-earning assets is referred to as the net interest margin, expressed as a percentage. Net interest income and net interest margin are affected by (i) changes in prevailing short- and long-term interest rates, (ii) loan and deposit pricing strategies and competitive conditions, (iii) the volume and mix of interest-earning assets, non-interest bearing deposits and interest-bearing liabilities, (iv) the level of non-accrual loans and leases and other real estate owned and (v) the impact of modified loans and leases.

Net interest margin was 4.67% and 4.63% for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with 4.52% and 4.49% for the same periods in 2017. The increases from both periods were primarily due to increased average yields on the variable- and adjustable-rate loan portfolios as a result of interest rate increases, partially offset by increased cost of funds. The average yield on interest-earning assets on a fully tax-equivalent basis was 5.33% and 5.26% for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with 4.94% and 4.90% for the same periods in 2017. The average rate on interest-bearing liabilities was 0.89% and 0.85% for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with 0.57% and 0.55% for the same periods in 2017.

44

TCF's average balances, interest, and yields and rates on major categories of TCF's interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities on a fully tax-equivalent basis were as follows:

	Quarter Ended June 30,
	2018						2017
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest(1)		Yields and Rates(1)(2)		Average Balance		Interest(1)		Yields and Rates(1)(2)
Assets:
Investments and other	$	309,120	$	2,857	3.71	%	$	259,548	$	2,716	4.20	%
Debt securities held to maturity	155,779		998		2.56		172,322		1,035		2.40
Debt securities available for sale:
Taxable	1,262,642		8,163		2.59		821,744		4,434		2.16
Tax-exempt(3)	828,131		5,510		2.66		689,667		5,566		3.23
Loans and leases held for sale	45,525		672		5.93		165,859		2,622		6.34
Loans and leases:(4)
Consumer real estate:
Fixed-rate	1,715,289		23,612		5.52		1,963,822		27,679		5.65
Variable- and adjustable-rate	3,026,310		48,331		6.41		2,782,296		39,982		5.76
Total consumer real estate	4,741,599		71,943		6.09		4,746,118		67,661		5.72
Commercial:
Fixed-rate	900,462		10,087		4.49		966,884		11,126		4.62
Variable- and adjustable-rate	2,802,059		38,044		5.45		2,450,168		27,198		4.45
Total commercial	3,702,521		48,131		5.21		3,417,052		38,324		4.50
Leasing and equipment finance	4,639,703		57,236		4.93		4,277,376		47,936		4.48
Inventory finance	3,299,996		57,138		6.94		2,723,340		42,260		6.22
Auto finance	2,695,943		35,632		5.30		3,149,974		39,309		5.01
Other	13,845		143		4.10		10,235		137		5.37
Total loans and leases	19,093,607		270,223		5.67		18,324,095		235,627		5.15
Total interest-earning assets	21,694,804		288,423		5.33		20,433,235		252,000		4.94
Other assets(5)	1,430,621						1,315,495
Total assets	$	23,125,425					$	21,748,730
Liabilities and Equity:
Non-interest bearing deposits	$	3,879,048					$	3,473,639
Interest-bearing deposits:
Checking	2,460,709		119		0.02		2,554,563		83		0.01
Savings	5,542,565		3,736		0.27		4,806,371		538		0.04
Money market	1,572,560		2,620		0.67		2,221,807		2,481		0.45
Certificates of deposit	4,909,422		17,478		1.43		4,266,488		11,334		1.07
Total interest-bearing deposits	14,485,256		23,953		0.66		13,849,229		14,436		0.42
Total deposits	18,364,304		23,953		0.52		17,322,868		14,436		0.33
Borrowings:
Short-term borrowings	3,116		18		2.33		6,230		13		0.79
Long-term borrowings	1,531,389		11,553		3.02		1,225,022		6,907		2.26
Total borrowings	1,534,505		11,571		3.02		1,231,252		6,920		2.25
Total interest-bearing liabilities	16,019,761		35,524		0.89		15,080,481		21,356		0.57
Total deposits and borrowings	19,898,809		35,524		0.72		18,554,120		21,356		0.46
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	714,488						673,740
Total liabilities	20,613,297						19,227,860
Total TCF Financial Corp. stockholders' equity	2,483,474						2,494,682
Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries	28,654						26,188
Total equity	2,512,128						2,520,870
Total liabilities and equity	$	23,125,425					$	21,748,730
Net interest income and margin			$	252,899	4.67				$	230,644	4.52

(1) Interest and yields are presented on a fully tax-equivalent basis.

(2) Annualized

(3) The yield on tax-exempt debt securities available for sale is computed on a tax-equivalent basis using a statutory federal income tax rate of 21% and 35% for the quarters ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(4) Average balances of loans and leases include non-accrual loans and leases and are presented net of unearned income.

(5) Includes leased equipment and related initial direct costs under operating leases of $288.4 million and $200.7 million for the quarters ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

45

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018						2017
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest(1)		Yields and Rates(1)(2)		Average Balance		Interest(1)		Yields and Rates(1)(2)
Assets:
Investments and other	$	320,655	$	5,633	3.54	%	$	272,959	$	5,463	4.03	%
Debt securities held to maturity	157,450		2,017		2.56		175,115		2,315		2.64
Debt securities available for sale:
Taxable	1,123,017		13,976		2.49		818,821		9,088		2.22
Tax-exempt(3)	824,906		10,966		2.66		665,382		10,683		3.21
Loans and leases held for sale	54,261		1,641		6.09		314,256		13,374		8.58
Loans and leases:(4)
Consumer real estate:
Fixed-rate	1,750,765		48,225		5.55		2,023,317		56,966		5.67
Variable- and adjustable-rate	3,019,212		94,212		6.29		2,863,461		80,221		5.65
Total consumer real estate	4,769,977		142,437		6.02		4,886,778		137,187		5.66
Commercial:
Fixed-rate	915,784		20,684		4.55		983,508		22,839		4.68
Variable- and adjustable-rate	2,736,267		71,204		5.25		2,376,779		51,589		4.38
Total commercial	3,652,051		91,888		5.07		3,360,287		74,428		4.47
Leasing and equipment finance	4,665,144		113,643		4.87		4,281,636		95,912		4.48
Inventory finance	3,214,618		108,333		6.80		2,710,137		81,711		6.08
Auto finance	2,857,169		74,917		5.29		2,933,620		67,080		4.61
Other	14,145		290		4.13		9,989		268		5.40
Total loans and leases	19,173,104		531,508		5.58		18,182,447		456,586		5.05
Total interest-earning assets	21,653,393		565,741		5.26		20,428,980		497,509		4.90
Other assets(5)	1,442,117						1,289,730
Total assets	$	23,095,510					$	21,718,710
Liabilities and Equity:
Non-interest bearing deposits	$	3,812,765					$	3,437,631
Interest-bearing deposits:
Checking	2,461,126		232		0.02		2,542,489		166		0.01
Savings	5,469,523		6,901		0.25		4,781,566		1,039		0.04
Money market	1,634,965		5,029		0.62		2,303,129		5,419		0.47
Certificates of deposit	4,953,533		34,301		1.40		4,150,460		21,527		1.05
Total interest-bearing deposits	14,519,147		46,463		0.65		13,777,644		28,151		0.41
Total deposits	18,331,912		46,463		0.51		17,215,275		28,151		0.33
Borrowings:
Short-term borrowings	3,532		37		2.14		5,434		20		0.73
Long-term borrowings	1,477,531		21,087		2.87		1,341,391		13,378		2.00
Total borrowings	1,481,063		21,124		2.87		1,346,825		13,398		2.00
Total interest-bearing liabilities	16,000,210		67,587		0.85		15,124,469		41,549		0.55
Total deposits and borrowings	19,812,975		67,587		0.69		18,562,100		41,549		0.45
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	736,201						669,544
Total liabilities	20,549,176						19,231,644
Total TCF Financial Corp. stockholders' equity	2,520,396						2,463,393
Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries	25,938						23,673
Total equity	2,546,334						2,487,066
Total liabilities and equity	$	23,095,510					$	21,718,710
Net interest income and margin			$	498,154	4.63				$	455,960	4.49

(1) Interest and yields are presented on a fully tax-equivalent basis.

(2) Annualized

(3) The yield on tax-exempt debt securities available for sale is computed on a tax-equivalent basis using a statutory federal income tax rate of 21% and 35% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(4) Average balances of loans and leases include non-accrual loans and leases and are presented net of unearned income.

(5) Includes leased equipment and related initial direct costs under operating leases of $285.2 million and $190.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

46

Provision for Credit Losses  The provision for credit losses is calculated as part of the determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses, which is a critical accounting estimate. TCF's evaluation of incurred losses is based on historical loss rates multiplied by the respective portfolio's loss emergence period. Factors utilized in the determination and allocation of the allowance for loan and lease losses and the related provision for credit losses include historical trends in loss rates, a portfolio's overall risk characteristics, changes in its character or size, risk rating migration, delinquencies, collateral values, economic outlook and prevailing economic conditions.

The composition of TCF's provision for credit losses was as follows:

	Quarter Ended June 30,										Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2018					2017					$			%
Consumer real estate	$	550		3.9	%	$	253		1.3	%	$	297		117.4	%
Commercial	3,066			21.5		3,477			17.9		(411		)	(11.8	)
Leasing and equipment finance	1,182			8.3		2,167			11.1		(985		)	(45.5	)
Inventory finance	(860		)	(6.0	)	(3,108		)	(16.0	)	2,248			72.3
Auto finance	9,302			65.3		15,847			81.5		(6,545		)	(41.3	)
Other	996			7.0		810			4.2		186			23.0
Total	$	14,236		100.0	%	$	19,446		100.0	%	$	(5,210	)	(26.8	)
	Six Months Ended June 30,										Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2018					2017					$			%
Consumer real estate	$	2,654		10.4	%	$	(7,884	)	(24.9	)%	$	10,538		N.M.
Commercial	3,055			11.9		7,146			22.6		(4,091		)	(57.2	)%
Leasing and equipment finance	3,178			12.4		3,553			11.2		(375		)	(10.6	)
Inventory finance	(348		)	(1.4	)	(1,143		)	(3.6	)	795			69.6
Auto finance	15,555			60.8		28,704			90.7		(13,149		)	(45.8	)
Other	1,510			5.9		1,263			4.0		247			19.6
Total	$	25,604		100.0	%	$	31,639		100.0	%	$	(6,035	)	(19.1	)

N.M. Not Meaningful

TCF's provision for credit losses was $14.2 million and $25.6 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $19.4 million and $31.6 million for the same periods in 2017. The decrease from the second quarter of 2017 was primarily due to run-off in the auto finance portfolio, partially offset by an increase in the provision for credit losses attributable to the inventory finance portfolio. The decrease from the first six months of 2017 was primarily due to run-off in the auto finance portfolio and a decrease in the provision for credit losses attributable to the commercial portfolio, partially offset by an increase in the provision for credit losses attributable to the consumer real estate portfolio due to the recovery of $8.7 million in the first quarter of 2017 on previous charge-offs related to the consumer real estate non-accrual loans that were sold.

Net loan and lease charge-offs for the second quarter and first six months of 2018 were $12.8 million, or 0.27% of average loans and leases (annualized), and $26.9 million, or 0.28%, respectively, compared with $12.9 million, or 0.28%, and $18.0 million, or 0.20%, for the same periods in 2017. The decrease in net loan and lease charge-offs from the second quarter of 2017 was primarily due to decreased net charge-offs in the commercial portfolio, offset by increased net charge-offs in the auto finance and leasing and equipment finance portfolios. The increase from the first six months of 2017 was primarily due to the recovery of $8.7 million in the first quarter of 2017 on previous charge-offs related to the consumer real estate non-accrual loans that were sold and increased net charge-offs in the auto finance portfolio, partially offset by decreased net charge-offs in the commercial portfolio.

For further information, see "Consolidated Financial Condition Analysis — Credit Quality" in this Management's Discussion and Analysis and Note 6. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Credit Quality Information of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

47

Non-interest Income  The components of non-interest income were as follows:

	Quarter Ended June 30,						Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017			$			%
Fees and service charges	$	32,670		$	32,733		$	(63	)	(0.2	)%
Card revenue	14,962			14,154			808			5.7
ATM revenue	4,933			5,061			(128		)	(2.5	)
Subtotal	52,565			51,948			617			1.2
Gains on sales of auto loans, net	—			380			(380		)	(100.0	)
Gains on sales of consumer real estate loans, net	7,192			8,980			(1,788		)	(19.9	)
Servicing fee income	7,484			10,730			(3,246		)	(30.3	)
Subtotal	14,676			20,090			(5,414		)	(26.9	)
Leasing and equipment finance	42,904			39,830			3,074			7.7
Other	3,934			2,795			1,139			40.8
Fees and other revenue	114,079			114,663			(584		)	(0.5	)
Gains (losses) on debt securities, net	24			—			24			N.M.
Total non-interest income	$	114,103		$	114,663		$	(560	)	(0.5	)
Total non-interest income as a percentage of total revenue	31.3		%	33.5		%
	Six Months Ended June 30,						Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017			$			%
Fees and service charges	$	63,421		$	64,015		$	(594	)	(0.9	)%
Card revenue	28,721			27,304			1,417			5.2
ATM revenue	9,583			9,736			(153		)	(1.6	)
Subtotal	101,725			101,055			670			0.7
Gains on sales of auto loans, net	—			3,244			(3,244		)	(100.0	)
Gains on sales of consumer real estate loans, net	16,315			17,871			(1,556		)	(8.7	)
Servicing fee income	15,779			22,381			(6,602		)	(29.5	)
Subtotal	32,094			43,496			(11,402		)	(26.2	)
Leasing and equipment finance	84,751			68,128			16,623			24.4
Other	7,650			5,498			2,152			39.1
Fees and other revenue	226,220			218,177			8,043			3.7
Gains (losses) on debt securities, net	87			—			87			N.M.
Total non-interest income	$	226,307		$	218,177		$	8,130		3.7
Total non-interest income as a percentage of total revenue	31.4		%	32.7		%

N.M. Not Meaningful

Servicing Fee Income  Servicing fee income was $7.5 million on $4.1 billion of average loans and leases serviced for others and $15.8 million on $4.3 billion of average loans and leases serviced for others for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $10.7 million on $5.3 billion of average loans and leases serviced for others and $22.4 million on $5.4 billion of average loans and leases serviced for others for the same periods in 2017. The decreases were primarily due to run-off in the auto finance serviced for others portfolio. Servicing fee income on auto finance loans serviced for others comprised $5.6 million and $12.0 million of total servicing fee income for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $8.7 million and $18.5 million for the same periods in 2017. Average auto finance loans serviced for others were $1.5 billion and $1.6 billion for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $2.6 billion and $2.8 billion for the same periods in 2017. Servicing fee income on consumer real estate loans serviced for others comprised $1.5 million and $3.0 million of total servicing fee income for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $1.7 million and $3.2 million for the same periods in 2017. Average consumer real estate loans serviced for others were $2.2 billion and $2.3 billion for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $2.4 billion for both the same periods in 2017.

48

Leasing and Equipment Finance Leasing and equipment finance non-interest income was $42.9 million and $84.8 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $39.8 million and $68.1 million for the same periods in 2017. The increases from both periods were primarily due to increases in operating lease revenue, mainly driven by the acquisition of a leasing company in the second quarter of 2017, partially offset by decreases in sales-type lease revenue due to customer-driven events.

Non-interest Expense  The components of non-interest expense were as follows:

	Quarter Ended June 30,					Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017		$			%
Compensation and employee benefits	$	120,575		$	115,630	$	4,945		4.3	%
Occupancy and equipment	40,711			38,965		1,746			4.5
Other	89,084			61,363		27,721			45.2
Subtotal	250,370			215,958		34,412			15.9
Operating lease depreciation	17,945			12,466		5,479			44.0
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets, net	3,857			4,639		(782		)	(16.9	)
Other credit costs, net	(133		)	24		(157		)	N.M.
Total non-interest expense	$	272,039		$	233,087	$	38,952		16.7
	Six Months Ended June 30,					Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017		$			%
Compensation and employee benefits	$	244,415		$	239,928	$	4,487		1.9	%
Occupancy and equipment	81,225			78,565		2,660			3.4
Other	147,903			125,579		22,324			17.8
Subtotal	473,543			444,072		29,471			6.6
Operating lease depreciation	35,219			23,708		11,511			48.6
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets, net	8,773			9,188		(415		)	(4.5	)
Other credit costs, net	484			125		359			N.M.
Total non-interest expense	$	518,019		$	477,093	$	40,926		8.6

N.M. Not Meaningful

Compensation and Employee Benefits Expense Compensation and employee benefits expense was $120.6 million and $244.4 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $115.6 million and $239.9 million for the same periods in 2017. The increase from the second quarter of 2017 was primarily due to higher salaries, commissions and incentive compensation, as well as higher medical claims expense, partially offset by lower headcount in the auto finance business. The increase from the first six months of 2017 was primarily due to higher salaries and incentive compensation, partially offset by lower headcount in the auto finance business.

Other Non-interest Expense Other non-interest expense was $89.1 million and $147.9 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $61.4 million and $125.6 million for the same periods in 2017. The increase from the second quarter of 2017 was primarily due to the settlement with the BCFP and OCC of $32.0 million, comprised of $25.0 million of restitution, $5.0 million in penalties and $2.0 million of related expenses, partially offset by decreases in professional fees and loan and lease processing expense. The increase from the first six months of 2017 was primarily due to the settlement with the BCFP and OCC, partially offset by decreases in loan and lease processing expense, professional fees and severance expense. See Note 15. Other Non-interest Expense of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Operating Lease Depreciation Operating lease depreciation was $17.9 million and $35.2 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $12.5 million and $23.7 million for the same periods in 2017. The increases from both periods were primarily due to increases in operating lease revenue mainly driven by the acquisition of a leasing company in the second quarter of 2017.

49

Income Taxes  Income tax expense was 20.9% and 21.5% of income before income taxes for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with 28.9% and 29.4% for the same periods in 2017. The lower effective tax rates for the second quarter and first six months of 2018were primarily due to changes in the corporate statutory tax rate as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that was enacted on December 22, 2017 ("Tax Reform") and the finalization of the provisional amounts recorded for the year ended December 31, 2017 related to Tax Reform. During the second quarter of 2018, upon completion of its 2017 federal tax return, TCF adjusted the provisional amounts recorded for the year ended December 31, 2017 and recorded an additional net tax benefit of $1.1 million. The effective tax rates for the second quarter and first six months of 2017 were impacted by a $3.4 million favorable state tax settlement. In addition, the effective tax rates were impacted by $1.0 million and $2.2 million of excess tax benefits related to vesting of stock based compensation for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $0.7 million and $2.7 million for the same periods in 2017. Tax benefits related to stock compensation will fluctuate throughout the year based on the Company's stock price and the vesting of stock based compensation.

Reportable Segment Results The Company's reportable segments are Consumer Banking, Wholesale Banking and Enterprise Services. See Note 16. Business Segments of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding net income (loss), revenues and assets for each of TCF's reportable segments.

Consumer Banking

Consumer Banking is comprised of all of the Company's consumer-facing businesses and includes retail banking, consumer real estate and auto finance. TCF's consumer banking strategy is primarily to generate deposits and originate high credit quality secured consumer real estate loans for investment and for sale. Effective December 1, 2017, the Company discontinued auto loan originations. TCF will continue to service existing auto loans on its balance sheet and those serviced for others. Deposits are generated from consumers and small businesses to provide a source of low cost funds, with a focus on building and maintaining quality customer relationships. The Consumer Banking reportable segment generates a significant portion of the Company's net interest income and non-interest income from fees and service charges, card revenue, gains on sales of loans and servicing fee income and incurs a significant portion of the Company's provision for credit losses and non-interest expense.

Consumer Banking generated net income available to common stockholders of $6.0 million and $33.9 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $23.5 million and $48.4 million for the same periods in 2017. The decreases from both periods were primarily due to the settlement with the BCFP and OCC of $32.0 million, including related expenses.

Consumer Banking net interest income totaled $139.5 million and $279.4 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $143.1 million and $283.4 million for the same periods in 2017. The decrease in net interest income from the second quarter of 2017 was primarily due to an increase in interest expense on deposits, an increase in funds transfer pricing charges and a decrease in interest income on loans held for sale, partially offset by an increase in funds transfer pricing credits. The decrease in net interest income from the first six months of 2017 was primarily due to a decrease in interest income on loans held for sale, an increase in interest expense on deposits and an increase in funds transfer pricing charges, partially offset by an increase in funds transfer pricing credits and an increase in interest income on loans held for investment. Total interest income attributable to the Consumer Banking segment was $209.6 million and $418.0 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $202.3 million and $400.0 million for the same periods in 2017. The increase in total interest income from the second quarter of 2017 was primarily due to higher funds transfer pricing credits as a result of increased rates on deposits, partially offset by a decrease in interest income on loans held for sale. The increase in total interest income from the first six months of 2017 was primarily due to higher funds transfer pricing credits and increased average yields and higher average balances of variable- and adjustable-rate consumer real estate loans, partially offset by lower average balances of fixed-rate consumer real estate loans and decreased interest income on auto finance loans due to run-off in the portfolio. Total interest expense attributable to the Consumer Banking segment was$70.1 millionand$138.6 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $59.2 million and $116.6 million for the same periods in 2017. The increases from both periods were primarily due to increased average rates and higher average balances of certificates of deposit, higher funds transfer pricing charges driven by increases in interest rates and increased average rates on savings accounts.

50

Consumer Banking provision for credit losses was $10.9 million and $19.8 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $16.7 million and $22.1 million for the same periods in 2017. The decreases from both periods were primarily due to run-off in the auto finance portfolio. The decrease from the first six months of 2017 was partially offset by an increase in the provision for credit losses attributable to the consumer real estate portfolio due to the recovery of $8.7 million in the first quarter of 2017 on previous charge-offs related to consumer real estate non-accrual loans that were sold.

Consumer Banking non-interest income was $66.4 million and $133.5 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $71.5 million and $144.2 million for the same periods in 2017. The decreases from both periods were primarily due to decreases in servicing fee income due to run-off in the auto finance serviced for others portfolio and decreased gains on sales of consumer real estate loans. The decrease from the first six months of 2017 was also due to a decrease in gains on sales of auto finance loans and a decrease in fees and service charges. Servicing fee income was $7.0 million and $15.0 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $10.4 million and $21.7 million for the same periods in 2017. Servicing fee income on auto finance loans serviced for others comprised $5.6 million and $12.0 million of total servicing fee income for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $8.7 million and $18.5 million for the same periods in 2017. Average auto finance loans serviced for others were $1.5 billion and $1.6 billion for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $2.6 billion and$2.8 billion for the same periods in 2017. Servicing fee income on consumer real estate loans serviced for others comprised $1.5 million and $3.0 million of total servicing fee income for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $1.7 million and $3.2 million for the same periods in 2017. Average consumer real estate loans serviced for others were $2.2 billion and $2.3 billion for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $2.4 billion for both the same periods in 2017.

Consumer Banking non-interest expense was $186.7 million and $348.2 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $161.1 million and $330.4 million for the same periods in 2017. The increases from both periods were primarily due to the settlement with the BCFP and OCC of $32.0 million, including related expenses, partially offset by lower compensation and benefits expense as a result of lower headcount in the auto finance business and decreases in loan and lease processing expense. The increase from thefirst six months of 2017was also partially offset by a decrease in severance expense.

Wholesale Banking

Wholesale Banking is comprised of commercial banking, leasing and equipment finance, and inventory finance. TCF's wholesale banking strategy is primarily to originate high credit quality secured loans and leases for investment.

Wholesale Banking generated net income available to common stockholders of $48.1 million and $93.4 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $37.8 million and $66.4 million for the same periods in 2017.

Wholesale Banking net interest income was $98.4 million and $194.0 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $88.2 million and $175.8 million for the same periods in 2017. The increases in net interest income from both periods were primarily due to increases in interest income on loans and leases, partially offset by increases in funds transfer pricing charges and interest expense on borrowings. Total interest income attributable to the Wholesale Banking segment was $170.9 million and $330.2 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $134.5 million and $263.7 million for the same periods in 2017. The increases from both periods were primarily due to higher average balances and increased average yields on the variable- and adjustable-rate wholesale loan portfolios, as well as increased average yields and higher average balances of leasing and equipment finance loans and leases. Total interest expense attributable to the Wholesale Banking segment was $72.5 million and $136.2 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $46.4 million and $87.9 million for the same periods in 2017. The increases from both periods were primarily due to higher funds transfer pricing charges, higher interest expense on inter-company borrowings and higher interest expense on allocated long-term borrowings driven by increases in interest rates and higher average balances of loans and leases.

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Wholesale Banking provision for credit losses was $3.3 million and $5.8 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $2.7 million and $9.6 million for the same periods in 2017. The increase from the second quarter of 2017 was primarily due to an increase in the provision for credit losses attributable to the inventory finance portfolio, partially offset by a decrease in the provision for credit losses attributable to the leasing and equipment finance portfolio.The decrease from the first six months of 2017 was primarily due to a decrease in the provision for credit losses attributable to the commercial portfolio.

Wholesale Banking non-interest income was $47.4 million and $92.4 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $42.9 million and $73.7 million for the same periods in 2017. The increases from both periods were primarily due to increases in leasing and equipment finance non-interest income as a result of increases in operating lease revenue, mainly driven by the acquisition of a leasing company in the second quarter of 2017, partially offset by decreases in sales-type lease revenue due to customer-driven events.

Wholesale Banking non-interest expense was $76.6 million and $152.9 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $66.9 million and $132.5 million for the same periods in 2017. The increases from both periods were primarily due to increases in operating lease depreciation, other non-interest expense and compensation and employee benefits. The increases in operating lease depreciation were primarily due to an increase in operating lease revenue mainly driven by the acquisition of a leasing company in the second quarter of 2017.

Enterprise Services

Enterprise Services is comprised of (i) corporate treasury, which includes the Company's investment and borrowing portfolios and management of capital, debt and market risks, (ii) corporate functions, such as information technology, risk and credit management, bank operations, finance, investor relations, corporate development, internal audit, legal and human capital management that provide services to the operating segments, (iii) the Holding Company and (iv) eliminations. The Company's investment portfolio accounts for the earning assets within this segment. Borrowings may be used to offset reductions in deposits or to support lending activities. This segment also includes residual revenues and expenses representing the difference between actual amounts incurred by Enterprise Services and amounts allocated to the operating segments, including interest rate risk residuals such as funds transfer pricing mismatches.

Enterprise Services generated net income available to common stockholders of $2.1 million and a net loss available to common stockholders of $4.9 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with net losses available to common stockholders of $5.7 million and $17.8 million for the same periods in 2017.

Enterprise Services net interest income was $13.0 million and $20.7 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with net interest expense of $4.1 million and $10.0 million for the same periods in 2017. The increases from both periods were primarily due to asset sensitivity of the funds transfer pricing mismatches as a result of rising interest rates and increases in interest income attributable to higher average balances of debt securities available for sale.

Enterprise Services non-interest expense was $8.8 million and $16.9 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $5.0 million and $14.2 million for the same periods in 2017. The increases from both periods were primarily due to increased compensation and employee benefits expense, partially offset by higher allocations of other non-interest expense to the Consumer Banking and Wholesale Banking segments and decreases in professional fees. The increases in compensation and employee benefits expense from both periods were primarily due to increases in incentive compensation, salaries and medical claims expense.

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Consolidated Financial Condition Analysis

Debt Securities Available for Sale and Debt Securities Held to Maturity Total debt securities available for sale were $2.2 billion at June 30, 2018, compared with $1.7 billion at December 31, 2017. TCF's debt securities available for sale portfolio consists primarily of fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") and obligations of states and political subdivisions. TCF may, from time to time, sell debt securities available for sale and utilize the proceeds to reduce borrowings, fund growth in loans and leases or for other corporate purposes.

Total debt securities held to maturity were $156.0 million at June 30, 2018, compared with $161.6 million at December 31, 2017. TCF's debt securities held to maturity portfolio consists primarily of fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities issued by the FNMA.

The amortized cost, fair value and fully tax-equivalent yield of debt securities available for sale and debt securities held to maturity by final contractual maturity were as follows. The final contractual maturities do not consider possible prepayments, and therefore expected maturities may differ because borrowers may have the right to prepay.

	At June 30, 2018						At December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Tax-equivalent Yield		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Tax-equivalent Yield
Debt securities available for sale:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Due in one year or less	$	4	$	4	1.71	%	$	6	$	6	1.98	%
Due in 5-10 years	164,710		161,050		2.42		82,842		82,046		2.04
Due after 10 years	1,313,281		1,280,017		2.75		825,347		812,639		2.32
Obligations of states and political subdivisions:
Due in 1-5 years	45,170		45,222		2.52		15,178		15,312		2.97
Due in 5-10 years	478,911		470,175		2.59		431,494		435,821		3.14
Due after 10 years	301,943		293,316		2.75		363,487		363,194		3.29
Total debt securities available for sale	$	2,304,019	$	2,249,784	2.69		$	1,718,354	$	1,709,018	2.72
Debt securities held to maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Due in 5-10 years	$	34	$	37	6.50	%	$	—	$	—	—	%
Due after 10 years	153,128		152,538		2.55		158,776		162,826		2.55
Other securities:
Due in one year or less	1,000		1,000		3.00		1,000		1,000		3.00
Due in 1-5 years	1,400		1,400		3.21		1,400		1,400		3.21
Due in 5-10 years	400		400		3.00		400		400		3.00
Total debt securities held to maturity	$	155,962	$	155,375	2.56		$	161,576	$	165,626	2.56

See Note 4. Debt Securities Available for Sale and Debt Securities Held to Maturity of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding TCF's debt securities available for sale and debt securities held to maturity.

53

Loans and Leases  Information about loans and leases held in TCF's portfolio was as follows:

	At June 30, 2018				At December 31, 2017				Change
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total		$			%
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	$	1,800,885	9.7	%	$	1,959,387	10.3	%	$	(158,502	)	(8.1	)%
Junior lien	2,830,029		15.2		2,860,309		15.0		(30,280		)	(1.1	)
Total consumer real estate	4,630,914		24.9		4,819,696		25.2		(188,782		)	(3.9	)
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	2,808,268		15.1		2,751,285		14.4		56,983			2.1
Commercial business	898,133		4.8		809,908		4.2		88,225			10.9
Total commercial	3,706,401		19.9		3,561,193		18.6		145,208			4.1
Leasing and equipment finance	4,648,049		25.0		4,761,661		24.9		(113,612		)	(2.4	)
Inventory finance	3,005,165		16.1		2,739,754		14.3		265,411			9.7
Auto finance	2,603,260		14.0		3,199,639		16.7		(596,379		)	(18.6	)
Other	20,957		0.1		22,517		0.3		(1,560		)	(6.9	)
Total loans and leases	$	18,614,746	100.0	%	$	19,104,460	100.0	%	$	(489,714	)	(2.6	)

Consumer Real Estate The consumer real estate portfolio is secured by mortgages on residential real estate and consisted of $1.8 billion of first mortgage lien loans and $2.8 billion of junior lien loans at June 30, 2018, compared with $2.0 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2017. The decrease in the consumer real estate portfolio was primarily due to run-off in the first mortgage lien portfolio and the transfer of consumer real estate loans to held for sale. Loans are originated for investment and for sale. Consumer real estate originations were $536.8 million and $969.3 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $642.1 million and $1.1 billion for the same periods in 2017. TCF sold $181.7 million and $448.0 million of consumer real estate loans in the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $273.4 million and $652.8 million for the same periods in 2017. At June 30, 2018, 59.3% of the consumer real estate portfolio was in TCF's primary banking markets, compared with 61.5% at December 31, 2017. At June 30, 2018, 63.6% of the consumer real estate portfolio carried a variable- or adjustable-rate generally tied to the prime rate, compared with 62.2% at December 31, 2017. At June 30, 2018, 40.3% of TCF's consumer real estate loans consisted of closed-end loans, compared with 42.2% at December 31, 2017. TCF's closed-end consumer real estate loans require payments of principal and interest over a fixed term.

The average Fair Isaac Corporation ("FICO^®") credit score at loan origination for the consumer real estate portfolio was 739 at June 30, 2018, compared with 738 at December 31, 2017. As part of TCF's credit risk monitoring, TCF obtains updated FICO score information quarterly. The average updated FICO score for the consumer real estate portfolio was 737 at June 30, 2018, compared with 736 at December 31, 2017.

TCF's consumer real estate underwriting standards are intended to produce adequately secured loans to customers with good credit scores at the origination date. Beginning in 2008, TCF generally has not made new loans in excess of 90% loan-to-value at origination. TCF also has not originated consumer real estate loans with multiple payment options or loans with "teaser" interest rates. At June 30, 2018, 70.8% of the consumer real estate portfolio had been originated since January 1, 2009 with annualized net charge-offs of 0.04% for the first six months of 2018.

The consumer real estate junior lien portfolio was comprised of $2.6 billion of home equity lines of credit ("HELOCs") and $182.4 million of amortizing consumer real estate junior lien mortgage loans at June 30, 2018, compared with $2.7 billion and $206.2 million, respectively, at December 31, 2017. At both June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $2.3 billion of the consumer real estate junior lien HELOCs had a 10-year interest-only draw period and a 20-year amortization repayment period. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all of these loans were within the 10-year interest-only draw period and will not convert to amortizing loans until 2021 or later. At June 30, 2018, $350.3 million of the consumer real estate junior lien HELOCs were interest-only revolving draw loans with no defined amortization period and original draw periods of five to 40 years, compared with $400.4 million at December 31, 2017. At June 30, 2018, 14.4% of these loans mature prior to 2021. Outstanding balances on consumer real estate lines of credit were 69.8% of total lines of credit at June 30, 2018, compared with 66.9% at December 31, 2017.

54

Commercial The commercial portfolio consisted of $2.8 billion of commercial real estate loans and $898.1 million of commercial business loans at June 30, 2018, compared with $2.8 billion and $809.9 million, respectively, at December 31, 2017. The increase in the commercial portfolio was primarily due to strong originations of commercial business loans. Total commercial originations were $590.5 million and $1.1 billion for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $476.5 million and $881.6 million for the same periods in 2017. At June 30, 2018, 72.7% of TCF's commercial real estate loans outstanding were secured by properties located in TCF's primary banking markets, compared with 74.7% at December 31, 2017. With an emphasis on secured lending, essentially all of TCF's commercial loans were secured either by properties or other business assets at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. At June 30, 2018, variable- and adjustable-rate loans represented 76.6% of total commercial loans outstanding, compared with 73.5% at December 31, 2017.

Leasing and Equipment Finance The leasing and equipment finance portfolio consisted of $2.5 billion of leases and $2.2 billion of loans at June 30, 2018, compared with $2.5 billion and $2.3 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2017. The decrease in the leasing and equipment finance portfolio was primarily due to loan payments received outpacing originations. Leasing and equipment finance originations (excluding loan and lease purchases) were $511.5 million and $944.3 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $537.0 million and $943.1 million for the same periods in 2017. Leasing and equipment finance originations include operating lease originations. The uninstalled backlog of approved transactions was $586.4 million at June 30, 2018, compared with $506.4 million at December 31, 2017.

Inventory Finance The inventory finance portfolio consisted of $3.0 billion of loans at June 30, 2018, compared with $2.7 billion at December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily due to growth with existing customers through new manufacturer products and increased customer sales, as well as the addition of new exclusive programs driving strong originations. Inventory finance originations were $2.4 billion and $4.8 billion for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, compared with $1.9 billion and $3.7 billion for the same periods in 2017. Origination levels are impacted by the velocity of fundings and repayments with dealers. TCF's inventory finance customers included more than 10,900 active dealers at both June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Auto Finance The auto finance portfolio consisted of $2.6 billion of loans at June 30, 2018, compared with $3.2 billion at December 31, 2017. The decrease was primarily due to the discontinuation of auto finance loan originations effective December 1, 2017 and run-off. There were no auto finance loan originations in the second quarter and first six months of 2018, compared with $524.6 million and $1.4 billion for the same periods in 2017. TCF did not sell any auto finance loans in the second quarter and first six months of 2018, compared with $48.0 million and $298.6 million for the same periods in 2017. The auto finance portfolio consisted of 20.6% new auto finance loans and 79.4% used auto finance loans at June 30, 2018, compared with 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively, at December 31, 2017.

55

Credit Quality  The following summarizes TCF's loan and lease portfolio based on the credit quality factors that TCF believes are the most important and should be considered to understand the overall condition of the portfolio.

Past Due Loans and Leases  Over 60-day delinquent loans and leases by type, excluding non-accrual loans and leases, were as follows. Delinquent balances are determined based on the contractual terms of the loan or lease. See Note 6. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Credit Quality Information of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

	At June 30, 2018				At December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands)	60 Days or More Delinquent and Accruing		Percentage of Period-end Loans and Leases(1)		60 Days or More Delinquent and Accruing		Percentage of Period-end Loans and Leases(1)
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	$	3,576	0.20	%	$	4,666	0.25	%
Junior lien	2,100		0.07		1,268		0.04
Total consumer real estate	5,676		0.12		5,934		0.13
Commercial	—		—		1		—
Leasing and equipment finance	5,302		0.11		6,389		0.14
Inventory finance	75		—		208		0.01
Auto finance	8,565		0.33		9,077		0.28
Other	32		0.16		9		0.04
Subtotal	19,650		0.11		21,618		0.11
Portfolios acquired with deteriorated credit quality	948		13.48		1,561		13.18
Total	$	20,598	0.11		$	23,179	0.12

(1)  Excludes non-accrual loans and leases.

Loan Modifications  Troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") loans were as follows:

	At June 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Accruing TDR Loans			Non-accrual TDR Loans		Total TDR Loans
Consumer real estate	$	84,842		$	14,233	$	99,075
Commercial	6,875			9,957		16,832
Leasing and equipment finance	6,954			2,118		9,072
Inventory finance	—			57		57
Auto finance	3,652			4,902		8,554
Other	2			—		2
Total	$	102,325		$	31,267	$	133,592
Over 60-day delinquency as a percentage of total accruing TDR loans	0.51		%	N.A.		N.A.

N.A. Not Applicable

	At December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands)	Accruing TDR Loans			Non-accrual TDR Loans		Total TDR Loans
Consumer real estate	$	88,092		$	34,282	$	122,374
Commercial	12,249			83		12,332
Leasing and equipment finance	10,263			1,413		11,676
Inventory finance	—			476		476
Auto finance	3,464			5,351		8,815
Other	3			1		4
Total	$	114,071		$	41,606	$	155,677
Over 60-day delinquency as a percentage of total accruing TDR loans	0.36		%	N.A.		N.A.

N.A. Not Applicable

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Total TDR loans were $133.6 million at June 30, 2018, compared with $155.7 million at December 31, 2017. Accruing TDR loans were $102.3 million at June 30, 2018, compared with $114.1 million at December 31, 2017. The decrease was primarily due to the transfer of one commercial business accruing TDR loan to non-accrual status and decreases in leasing and equipment finance and consumer real estate accruing TDRs. Non-accrual TDR loans were $31.3 million at June 30, 2018, compared with $41.6 million at December 31, 2017. The decrease was primarily due to the transfer of consumer real estate non-accrual TDR loans to held for sale, partially offset by an increase in commercial non-accruing TDR loans.

TCF modifies loans through reductions in interest rates, extension of payment dates, term extensions or term extensions with a reduction of contractual payments, but generally not through reductions of principal.

Loan modifications to borrowers who have not been granted concessions are not considered TDR loans and therefore are not included in the table above. TDR loans are no longer disclosed as TDR loans in the calendar years after modification if the loans were modified to an interest rate equal to or greater than the yields of new loan originations with comparable risk at the time of restructuring and if the loan is performing based on the restructured terms; however, these loans are still considered impaired and follow TCF's impaired loan reserve policies.

TCF typically reduces a consumer real estate customer's contractual payments by reducing the interest rate by an amount appropriate for the borrower's financial condition. Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy where the borrower did not reaffirm the debt are reported as non-accrual TDR loans upon discharge as a result of the removal of the borrower's personal liability on the loan. These loans may return to accrual status when TCF expects full repayment of the remaining pre-discharged contractual principal and interest. At June 30, 2018, 85.6% of total consumer real estate TDR loans were accruing and TCF recognized more than 61% of the original contractual interest due on accruing consumer real estate TDR loans for both the second quarter and first six months of 2018 by modifying the loans to qualified customers instead of foreclosing on the property. At June 30, 2018, collection of principal and interest under the modified terms was reasonably assured on all accruing consumer real estate TDR loans. TDR loans for the remaining classes of financing receivables were not material at June 30, 2018.

See Note 6. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Credit Quality Information of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding TCF's loan modifications.

Non-performing Assets  TCF's non-accrual loans and leases and other real estate owned were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	At June 30, 2018			At December 31, 2017
Non-accrual loans and leases:
Consumer real estate	$	49,155		$	83,224
Commercial	9,978			6,785
Leasing and equipment finance	16,300			17,089
Inventory finance	2,093			4,116
Auto finance	7,312			7,366
Other	21			2
Total non-accrual loans and leases	84,859			118,582
Other real estate owned:
Consumer real estate	15,573			17,907
Commercial real estate	693			318
Total other real estate owned	16,266			18,225
Total non-accrual loans and leases and other real estate owned	$	101,125		$	136,807
Non-accrual loans and leases as a percentage of total loans and leases	0.46		%	0.62		%
Non-accrual loans and leases and other real estate owned as a percentage of total loans and leases and other real estate owned	0.54			0.72
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of non-accrual loans and leases	195.17			144.24

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Non-accrual loans and leases were $84.9 million at June 30, 2018, compared with $118.6 million at December 31, 2017. The decrease was primarily due to the transfer of consumer real estate non-accrual loans to held for sale during the second quarter of 2018. Included in loans and leases held for sale at June 30, 2018 were $34.5 million of non-accrual loans, which are excluded from the table above. There were no non-accrual loans held for sale at December 31, 2017. Other real estate owned was $16.3 million at June 30, 2018, compared with $18.2 million at December 31, 2017. See Note 6. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Credit Quality Information of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Loans and leases are generally placed on non-accrual status when the collection of interest or principal is 90 days or more past due unless, in the case of commercial loans, they are well secured and in process of collection. Delinquent consumer real estate junior lien loans are also placed on non-accrual status when there is evidence that the related third-party first lien mortgage may be 90 days or more past due, or foreclosure, charge-off or collection action has been initiated. TDR loans are placed on non-accrual status prior to the past due thresholds outlined above if repayment under the modified terms is not likely after performing a well-documented credit analysis. Loans on non-accrual status are generally reported as non-accrual loans until there is sustained repayment performance for six consecutive months, with the exception of loans not reaffirmed upon discharge under Chapter 7 bankruptcy, which remain on non-accrual status until a well-documented credit analysis indicates full repayment of the remaining pre-discharged contractual principal and interest is likely. For purposes of this disclosure, purchased credit impaired loans have been excluded. Most of TCF's non-accrual loans and past due loans are secured by real estate. Given the nature of these assets and the related mortgage foreclosure, property sale and, if applicable, mortgage insurance claims processes, it can take 18 months or longer for a loan to migrate from initial delinquency to final disposition. This resolution process generally takes much longer for loans secured by real estate than for unsecured loans or loans secured by other property primarily due to state real estate foreclosure laws.

Changes in the amount of non-accrual loans and leases were as follows:

	At or For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2018
(In thousands)	Consumer Real Estate			Commercial			Leasing and Equipment Finance			Inventory Finance			Auto Finance			Other			Total
Balance, beginning of period	$	84,237		$	11,401		$	19,968		$	3,621		$	7,199		$	2		$	126,428
Additions	13,239			—			4,475			2,590			2,762			35			23,101
(Charge-offs) recoveries	(1,344		)	—			(2,194		)	(453		)	(547		)	18			(4,520		)
Transfers to other assets	(4,477		)	—			(1,655		)	(1,163		)	(391		)	—			(7,686		)
Transfers to loans and leases held for sale	(36,720		)	—			—			—			—			—			(36,720		)
Return to accrual status	(1,217		)	—			(482		)	(1,283		)	—			—			(2,982		)
Payments received	(4,725		)	(1,577		)	(3,464		)	(1,216		)	(1,711		)	(34		)	(12,727		)
Other, net	162			154			(348		)	(3		)	—			—			(35		)
Balance, end of period	$	49,155		$	9,978		$	16,300		$	2,093		$	7,312		$	21		$	84,859
	At or For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(In thousands)	Consumer Real Estate			Commercial			Leasing and Equipment Finance			Inventory Finance			Auto Finance			Other			Total
Balance, beginning of period	$	83,224		$	6,785		$	17,089		$	4,116		$	7,366		$	2		$	118,582
Additions	27,039			4,636			14,960			5,506			5,376			46			57,563
(Charge-offs) recoveries	(2,731		)	1			(3,675		)	(915		)	(1,143		)	52			(8,411		)
Transfers to other assets	(9,673		)	—			(3,362		)	(2,125		)	(983		)	—			(16,143		)
Transfers to loans and leases held for sale	(36,720		)	—			—			—			—			—			(36,720		)
Return to accrual status	(3,915		)	—			(1,707		)	(1,695		)	—			—			(7,317		)
Payments received	(8,267		)	(2,275		)	(6,657		)	(2,753		)	(3,304		)	(79		)	(23,335		)
Other, net	198			831			(348		)	(41		)	—			—			640
Balance, end of period	$	49,155		$	9,978		$	16,300		$	2,093		$	7,312		$	21		$	84,859

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Loan and Lease Credit Classifications TCF assesses the risk of its loan and lease portfolio utilizing numerous risk characteristics as outlined in the previous sections. Loan and lease credit classifications are an additional characteristic monitored in the overall credit risk process. Loan and lease credit classifications are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions which include: non-classified (pass and special mention) and classified (substandard and doubtful). Classified loans and leases have well-defined weaknesses, but may never result in a loss.

Loans and leases by portfolio and regulatory classification were as follows:

	At June 30, 2018
	Non-classified				Classified				Total
(In thousands)	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful
Consumer real estate	$	4,561,026	$	13,821	$	56,067	$	—	$	4,630,914
Commercial	3,593,246		36,135		77,020		—		3,706,401
Leasing and equipment finance	4,575,707		34,652		37,690		—		4,648,049
Inventory finance	2,824,082		120,793		60,290		—		3,005,165
Auto finance	2,582,761		670		19,829		—		2,603,260
Other	20,903		—		54		—		20,957
Total loans and leases	$	18,157,725	$	206,071	$	250,950	$	—	$	18,614,746

	At December 31, 2017
	Non-classified				Classified				Total
(In thousands)	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful
Consumer real estate	$	4,706,493	$	22,075	$	91,128	$	—	$	4,819,696
Commercial	3,452,837		42,729		65,627		—		3,561,193
Leasing and equipment finance	4,681,488		40,252		39,921		—		4,761,661
Inventory finance	2,553,028		116,312		70,414		—		2,739,754
Auto finance	3,180,807		551		18,281		—		3,199,639
Other	22,507		—		10		—		22,517
Total loans and leases	$	18,597,160	$	221,919	$	285,381	$	—	$	19,104,460

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses  The determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses is a critical accounting estimate. TCF's evaluation of incurred losses is based on historical loss rates multiplied by the respective portfolio's loss emergence period. Factors utilized in the determination of the amount of the allowance include historical trends in loss rates, a portfolio's overall risk characteristics, changes in its character or size, risk rating migration, delinquencies, collateral values, economic outlook and prevailing economic conditions. The various factors used in the methodologies are reviewed on a periodic basis.

The Company considers the allowance for loan and lease losses of $165.6 millionappropriate to cover losses incurred in the loan and lease portfolios at June 30, 2018. However, no assurance can be given that TCF will not, in any particular period, sustain loan and lease losses that are sizable in relation to the amount reserved or will not require significant changes in the balance of the allowance for loan and lease losses due to subsequent evaluations of the loan and lease portfolios, in light of factors then prevailing, including economic conditions, information obtained during TCF's ongoing credit review process or regulatory requirements. Among other factors, an economic slowdown, increasing levels of unemployment, a decline in collateral values and/or rising interest rates may have an adverse impact on the current adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses by increasing credit risk and the risk of potential loss.

The total allowance for loan and lease losses is generally available to absorb losses from any segment of the portfolio. The allocation of TCF's allowance for loan and lease losses disclosed in the following table is subject to change based on changes in the criteria used to evaluate the allowance and is not necessarily indicative of the trend of future losses in any particular portfolio.

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In conjunction with Note 6. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Credit Quality Information of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, detailed information regarding TCF's allowance for loan and lease losses was as follows:

	At June 30, 2018				At December 31, 2017
	Credit Loss Reserves				Credit Loss Reserves
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		As a Percentage of Portfolio		Amount		As a Percentage of Portfolio
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	$	22,874	1.27	%	$	26,698	1.36	%
Junior lien	21,080		0.74		20,470		0.72
Consumer real estate	43,954		0.95		47,168		0.98
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	22,327		0.80		24,842		0.90
Commercial business	17,964		2.00		12,353		1.53
Total commercial	40,291		1.09		37,195		1.04
Leasing and equipment finance	22,247		0.48		22,528		0.47
Inventory finance	11,840		0.39		13,233		0.48
Auto finance	46,608		1.79		50,225		1.57
Other	679		3.24		692		3.07
Total allowance for loan and lease losses	165,619		0.89		171,041		0.90
Other credit loss reserves:
Reserves for unfunded commitments	1,843		N.A.		1,479		N.A.
Total credit loss reserves	$	167,462	0.90		$	172,520	0.90

N.A. Not Applicable

Liquidity Management TCF manages its liquidity to ensure that its funding needs are met both promptly and in a cost-effective manner. Asset liquidity arises from liquid assets that can be sold or pledged as collateral, amortization, prepayment or maturity of assets and from the ability of TCF to sell loans. Liability liquidity results from the ability of TCF to maintain a diverse set of funding sources to promptly meet funding requirements.

TCF Bank had $197.1 million of net liquidity qualifying interest-bearing deposits at the Federal Reserve Bank at June 30, 2018, compared with $242.6 million at December 31, 2017. Interest-bearing deposits held at the Federal Reserve Bank and unencumbered U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies mortgage-backed securities were $1.6 billion at June 30, 2018, compared with $1.2 billion at December 31, 2017. In addition, TCF held unencumbered obligations of states and political subdivisions of $808.7 million at June 30, 2018, compared with $814.3 million at December 31, 2017.

Deposits are the primary source of TCF's funds for use in lending and for other general business purposes. In addition to deposits, TCF receives funds from loan and lease repayments, loan sales and borrowings. Borrowings may be used to compensate for reductions in normal sources of funds, such as deposit inflows at less than projected levels, net deposit outflows or to fund balance sheet growth. TCF primarily borrows from the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Des Moines, institutional sources under repurchase agreements and other sources. TCF had $1.2 billion of additional borrowing capacity at the FHLB of Des Moines at June 30, 2018 as well as access to the Federal Reserve Discount Window. In addition, TCF maintains a diversified set of unsecured and uncommitted funding sources, including access to overnight federal funds purchased lines, brokered deposits and capital markets. Lending activities, such as loan originations and purchases, and equipment purchases for lease financing are the primary uses of TCF's funds.

TCF Commercial Finance Canada, Inc. ("TCFCFC") maintains a $20.0 million Canadian dollar-denominated line of credit facility with a counterparty, which is guaranteed by TCF Bank. TCFCFC had $0.8 million (USD) outstanding under the line of credit with the counterparty at June 30, 2018 and no outstanding borrowings at December 31, 2017.

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Deposits  Deposits were $18.4 billion at June 30, 2018, compared with $18.3 billion at December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily due to higher balances of savings and checking accounts, partially offset by lower balances of money market accounts and certificates of deposit.

Non-interest bearing checking accounts represented 21.4% of total deposits at June 30, 2018, compared with 20.0% of total deposits at December 31, 2017. TCF's weighted-average interest rate for deposits, including non-interest bearing deposits, was 0.51% at June 30, 2018, compared with 0.38% at December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily due to increased average rates on certificates of deposit, savings accounts and money market accounts.

Certificates of deposit were $4.8 billion at June 30, 2018, compared with $5.0 billion at December 31, 2017. The maturities of certificates of deposit with denominations equal to or greater than $100,000 were as follows:

(In thousands)	Denominations $100 Thousand or Greater at June 30, 2018
Maturity:
Three months or less	$	513,231
Over three through six months	534,903
Over six through 12 months	633,894
Over 12 months	651,773
Total	$	2,333,801

Borrowings  Borrowings were $1.6 billion at June 30, 2018, compared with $1.2 billion at December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily due to higher balances of FHLB advances. TCF primarily borrows from the FHLB of Des Moines, institutional sources under repurchase agreements and other sources.

See Note 7. Long-term Borrowings of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and "Consolidated Financial Condition Analysis — Liquidity Management" in this Management's Discussion and Analysis for further information regarding TCF's long-term borrowings.

Capital Management  TCF is committed to managing capital to maintain protection for stockholders, depositors and creditors. TCF employs a variety of capital management tools to achieve its capital goals, including, but not limited to, dividends, public offerings of preferred and common stock, common stock repurchases, redemption of preferred stock and the issuance or redemption of subordinated debt and other capital instruments. TCF maintains a Capital Planning and Dividend Policy which applies to TCF Financial and incorporates TCF Bank's Capital Planning and Dividend Policy. These policies ensure that capital strategy actions, including the addition of new capital, if needed, common stock repurchases, redemption of preferred stock or the declaration of preferred stock, common stock and bank dividends are prudent, efficient and provide value to TCF's stockholders, while ensuring that past and prospective earnings retention is consistent with TCF's capital needs for growth, as well as asset quality and overall financial condition. TCF and TCF Bank manage their capital levels to exceed all regulatory capital requirements, which were achieved at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. See Note 9. Regulatory Capital Requirements of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Equity  Total equity was $2.5 billion, or 10.8% of total assets, at June 30, 2018, compared with $2.7 billion, or 11.7%, at December 31, 2017.

Preferred Stock  Preferred stock was $169.3 million at June 30, 2018, compared with $265.8 million at December 31, 2017. The decrease was due to the redemption of all 4,000,000 shares of the outstanding Series B Preferred Stock on March 1, 2018.

At June 30, 2018and December 31, 2017, TCF had 7,000,000 depositary shares outstanding, each representing a 1/1000^th ownership interest in a share of the 5.70% Series C non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock of TCF Financial Corporation, par value $0.01 per share, with a liquidation preference of $25,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share) (the "Series C Preferred Stock"). Dividends are payable on the Series C Preferred Stock if, as and when declared by TCF's Board of Directors on a non-cumulative basis on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year at a per annum rate of 5.70%. The Series C Preferred Stock may be redeemed at TCF's option in whole or in part on December 1, 2022 or on any dividend payment date thereafter. See Note 8. Equity of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

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Treasury Stock TCF repurchased $125.9 million of its common stock in the first six months of 2018 pursuant to its share repurchase program. At June 30, 2018, TCF had the authority to repurchase an additional $15.0 million in aggregate value of shares pursuant to its share repurchase program authorized by its Board of Directors on November 27, 2017. On July 25, 2018, TCF's Board of Directors approved a new authorization to repurchase up to an additional $150.0 million of TCF common stock. Future repurchases will be based on market conditions, the trading price of TCF shares and other factors. The ability to repurchase shares in the future may be adversely affected by new legislation or regulations or by changes in regulatory policies. These authorizations may be commenced or suspended at any time or from time to time.

Common Stockholders' Equity Dividends to common stockholders on a per share basis were 15.0 cents for the second quarter of 2018, compared with 7.5 cents for the same period in 2017. TCF's common dividend payout ratio was 44.1% for the second quarter of 2018, compared with 22.7% for the same period in 2017. TCF Financial's primary funding sources for dividends are earnings and dividends received from TCF Bank.

Total common stockholders' equity was $2.3 billion, or 9.97% of total assets, at June 30, 2018, compared with $2.4 billion, or 10.42%, at December 31, 2017. Tangible common equity was $2.1 billion, or 9.28% of total tangible assets, at June 30, 2018, compared with $2.2 billion, or 9.72%, at December 31, 2017. Tangible common equity and tangible assets are not financial measures recognized under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") (i.e., non-GAAP). Tangible common equity represents total equity less non-controlling interest in subsidiaries, preferred stock, goodwill and other intangible assets. Tangible assets represent total assets less goodwill and other intangible assets. When evaluating capital adequacy and utilization, management considers financial measures such as tangible common equity to tangible assets. This non-GAAP financial measure is viewed by management as a useful indicator of capital levels available to withstand unexpected market or economic conditions and also provide investors, regulators and other users with information to be viewed in relation to other banking institutions.

Reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures of tangible common equity and tangible assets to the GAAP measures of total equity and total assets were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)		At June 30, 2018			At December 31, 2017
Computation of tangible common equity to tangible assets:
Total equity		$	2,504,578		$	2,680,584
Less: Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries		23,646			17,827
Total TCF Financial Corporation stockholders' equity		2,480,932			2,662,757
Less: Preferred stock		169,302			265,821
Total common stockholders' equity	(a)	2,311,630			2,396,936
Less:
Goodwill, net		154,757			154,757
Other intangibles, net(1)		22,247			23,687
Tangible common equity	(b)	$	2,134,626		$	2,218,492
Total assets	(c)	$	23,184,462		$	23,002,159
Less:
Goodwill, net		154,757			154,757
Other intangibles, net(1)		22,247			23,687
Tangible assets	(d)	$	23,007,458		$	22,823,715
Common equity to assets	(a) / (c)	9.97		%	10.42		%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets	(b) / (d)	9.28		%	9.72		%

(1) Includes non-mortgage servicing assets.

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Recent Accounting Developments

In June 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees by aligning it more consistently with the accounting for share-based payments to employees. The new guidance in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 718 supersedes the guidance in ASC 505-50. The adoption of this ASU will be required on a modified retrospective basis with a cumulative effect adjustment required beginning with TCF's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2019. Early adoption is allowed. The adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes the impairment model for most financial assets, including trade and other receivables, held to maturity debt securities, loans and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The ASU requires the use of a current expected credit loss ("CECL") approach to determine the allowance for credit losses for loans and held to maturity debt securities. CECL requires loss estimates for the remaining estimated life of the asset using historical loss data as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts based on current economic conditions. The adoption of this ASU will be required on a modified retrospective basis with a cumulative effect adjustment required beginning with TCF's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2020. Early adoption is allowed. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements. CECL represents a significant change in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and may result in a material impact to our consolidated financial statements. The impact of the ASU will depend on the composition of TCF's portfolios and general economic conditions at the date of adoption. Additionally, there are several implementation questions which could affect the adoption impact once resolved. TCF has established a governance structure to implement the ASU and is in the process of assessing its current processes and determining future methodologies to be used upon adoption.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which, along with other amendments, requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheet. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged. The ASU requires both quantitative and qualitative disclosure regarding key information about leasing arrangements from both lessees and lessors. In September 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Leases (Topic 840), and Leases (Topic 842): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs, which rescinds certain SEC Observer comments and staff announcements from the lease guidance and incorporates SEC staff announcements on the effect of a change in tax law on leveraged leases from ASC 840 into ASC 842. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01, Leases(Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, which amends the new lease guidance to add an optional transition practical expedient that permits an entity to continue applying its current accounting policy for land easements that exist or expire before Topic 842's effective date. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, which makes narrow scope improvements to the standard for specific issues and ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which provides an optional transition method allowing the standard to be applied at the adoption date and provides a practical expedient related to separating components of a contract for lessors. The adoption of these ASUs will be required on a modified retrospective basis beginning with TCF’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2019. Early adoption is allowed. Management has started to implement this ASU which has included an initial evaluation of TCF's leasing contracts and activities. Management has evaluated and plans to elect the practical expedients, which would allow for existing leases to be accounted for consistent with current guidance, with the exception of the balance sheet recognition for lessees. As a lessee, TCF had $158.6 million in total future minimum lease payments for operating leases as of December 31, 2017. Management is developing the methodologies and processes to estimate and account for the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, which is based on the present value of future lease payments. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to result in a material change to lessee expense recognition. While there are limited changes to lessor accounting, there are certain implementation questions whose resolution may result in changes in recognition and measurement from current practice. Management will continue to evaluate the impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

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Forward-looking Information

Any statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q regarding the outlook for the Company's businesses and their respective markets, such as projections of future performance, targets, guidance, statements of the Company's plans and objectives, forecasts of market trends and other matters are forward-looking statements based on the Company's assumptions and beliefs. Such statements may be identified by such words or phrases as "will likely result," "are expected to," "will continue," "outlook," "will benefit," "is anticipated," "estimate," "project," "management believes" or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in such statements and no assurance can be given that the results in any forward-looking statement will be achieved. For these statements, TCF claims the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made and we disclaim any obligation to subsequently revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after such date or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.

Certain factors could cause the Company's future results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements contained herein. These factors include the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 under the heading "Risk Factors", the factors discussed below and any other cautionary statements, written or oral, which may be made or referred to in connection with any such forward-looking statements. Since it is not possible to foresee all such factors, these factors should not be considered as complete or exhaustive.

Adverse Economic or Business Conditions; Competitive Conditions; Credit and Other Risks. Deterioration in general economic and banking industry conditions, including those arising from government shutdowns, defaults, anticipated defaults or rating agency downgrades of sovereign debt (including debt of the U.S.), or increases in unemployment; adverse economic, business and competitive developments such as shrinking interest margins, reduced demand for financial services and loan and lease products, deposit outflows, increased deposit costs due to competition for deposit growth and evolving payment system developments, deposit account attrition or an inability to increase the number of deposit accounts; customers completing financial transactions without using a bank; adverse changes in credit quality and other risks posed by TCF's loan, lease, investment, debt securities held to maturity and debt securities available for sale portfolios, including declines in commercial or residential real estate values, changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses dictated by new market conditions or regulatory requirements, or the inability of home equity line borrowers to make increased payments caused by increased interest rates or amortization of principal; deviations from estimates of prepayment rates and fluctuations in interest rates that result in decreases in the value of assets such as interest-only strips that arise in connection with TCF's loan sales activity; interest rate risks resulting from fluctuations in prevailing interest rates or other factors that result in a mismatch between yields earned on TCF's interest-earning assets and the rates paid on its deposits and borrowings; foreign currency exchange risks; counterparty risk, including the risk of defaults by our counterparties or diminished availability of counterparties who satisfy our credit quality requirements; decreases in demand for the types of equipment that TCF leases or finances; the effect of any negative publicity; the effects of man-made and natural disasters, including fires, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, acts of terrorism, civil disturbances and environmental damage, which may negatively affect our operations and/or our customers.

Legislative and Regulatory Requirements.  New consumer protection and supervisory requirements and regulations, including those resulting from action by the BCFP and changes in the scope of Federal preemption of state laws that could be applied to national banks and their subsidiaries; the imposition of requirements that adversely impact TCF's deposit, lending, loan collection and other business activities such as mortgage foreclosure moratorium laws, further regulation of financial institution campus banking programs, restrictions on arbitration or new restrictions on loan and lease products; changes affecting customer account charges and fee income, including changes to interchange rates; regulatory actions or changes in customer opt-in preferences with respect to overdrafts, which may have an adverse impact on TCF; governmental regulations or judicial actions affecting the security interests of creditors; deficiencies in TCF's compliance programs, including under the Bank Secrecy Act, which may result in regulatory enforcement action including monetary penalties; increased health care costs including those resulting from health care reform; regulatory criticism and resulting enforcement actions or other adverse consequences such as increased capital requirements, higher deposit insurance assessments or monetary damages or penalties; heightened regulatory practices, requirements or expectations, including, but not limited to, requirements related to enterprise risk management, the Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering compliance activity.

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Earnings/Capital Risks and Constraints, Liquidity Risks.  Limitations on TCF's ability to carry out its share repurchase program, pay dividends or increase dividends because of financial performance deterioration, regulatory restrictions or limitations; increased deposit insurance premiums, special assessments or other costs related to adverse conditions in the banking industry; the impact on banks of regulatory reform, including additional capital, leverage, liquidity and risk management requirements or changes in the composition of qualifying regulatory capital; adverse changes in securities markets directly or indirectly affecting TCF's ability to sell assets or to fund its operations; diminished unsecured borrowing capacity resulting from TCF credit rating downgrades or unfavorable conditions in the credit markets that restrict or limit various funding sources; costs associated with new regulatory requirements or interpretive guidance including those relating to liquidity; uncertainties relating to future retail deposit account changes, including limitations on TCF's ability to predict customer behavior and the impact on TCF's fee revenues.

Branching Risk; Growth Risks.  Adverse developments affecting TCF's supermarket banking relationships or either of the primary supermarket chains in which TCF maintains supermarket branches; costs related to closing underperforming branches; inability to timely close underperforming branches due to long-term lease obligations; slower than anticipated growth in existing or acquired businesses; inability to successfully execute on TCF's growth strategy through acquisitions or expanding existing business relationships; failure to expand or diversify TCF's balance sheet through new or expanded programs or opportunities; failure to effectuate, and risks of claims related to, sales of loans; risks related to new product additions and addition of distribution channels (or entry into new markets) for existing products.

Technological and Operational Risks.  Technological or operational difficulties, loss or theft of information, cyber-attacks and other security breaches, counterparty failures and the possibility that deposit account losses (from fraudulent checks, stolen debit card information, etc.) may increase; failure to keep pace with technological change, such as by failing to develop and maintain technology necessary to satisfy customer demands and prevent cyber-attacks, costs and possible disruptions related to upgrading systems or cyber-attacks; the failure to attract and retain key employees.

Litigation Risks.  Litigation or government enforcement actions, including class action litigation or enforcement actions concerning TCF's lending or deposit activities, including account opening/origination, servicing practices, fees or charges, employment practices or checking account overdraft program "opt in" requirements; possible increases in indemnification obligations for certain litigation against Visa U.S.A.

Accounting, Audit, Tax and Insurance Matters.  Changes in accounting standards or interpretations of existing standards; federal or state monetary, fiscal or tax policies, including the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act tax reform legislation and adoption of federal or state legislation that would increase federal or state taxes; ineffective internal controls; adverse federal, state or foreign tax assessments or findings in tax audits; lack of or inadequate insurance coverage for claims against TCF; potential for claims and legal action related to TCF's fiduciary responsibilities.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

TCF's results of operations depend, to a large degree, on its net interest income and its ability to manage interest rate risk. Although TCF manages other risks in the normal course of business, such as credit risk, liquidity risk and foreign currency risk, the Company considers interest rate risk to be one of its more significant market risks.

Interest Rate Risk

TCF's Asset & Liability Committee ("ALCO") and the Finance Committee of TCF Financial's Board of Directors have adopted interest rate risk policy limits which are incorporated into the Company's investment policy. Interest rate risk is defined as the exposure of net interest income and fair value of financial instruments (interest-earning assets, deposits and borrowings) to movements in interest rates. Since TCF does not hold a trading portfolio, the Company is not exposed to market risk from trading activities. As such, the major sources of the Company's interest rate risk are timing differences in the maturity and repricing characteristics of assets and liabilities, changes in the shape of the yield curve, changes in consumer behavior and changes in relationships between rate indices (basis risk). Management measures these risks and their impact in various ways, including through the use of simulation and valuation analyses. The interest rate scenarios may include gradual or rapid changes in interest rates, spread narrowing and widening, yield curve twists and changes in assumptions about consumer behavior in various interest rate scenarios. A mismatch between maturities, interest rate sensitivities and prepayment characteristics of assets and liabilities results in interest rate risk. TCF, like most financial institutions, has material interest rate risk exposure to changes in both short- and long-term interest rates, as well as variable interest rate indices (e.g., the prime rate or the London InterBank Offered Rate).

TCF's ALCO is responsible for reviewing the Company's interest rate sensitivity position and establishing policies to monitor and limit exposure to interest rate risk. ALCO manages TCF's interest rate risk based on interest rate expectations and other factors. The principal objective of TCF in managing its assets and liabilities is to provide maximum levels of net interest income and facilitate the funding needs of the Company, while maintaining acceptable levels of interest rate risk and liquidity risk.

ALCO primarily uses two interest rate risk tools with policy limits to evaluate TCF's interest rate risk: net interest income simulation and economic value of equity ("EVE") analysis. In addition, the interest rate gap is reviewed periodically to monitor asset and liability repricing over various time periods.

Management utilizes net interest income simulation models to estimate the near-term effects of changing interest rates on its net interest income. Net interest income simulation involves forecasting net interest income under a variety of scenarios, including the level of interest rates, the shape of the yield curve and the spreads between market interest rates. Management exercises its best judgment in making assumptions regarding events that management can influence, such as non-contractual deposit repricings and events outside management's control, including consumer behavior on loan and deposit activity and the effect that competition has on both loan and deposit pricing. These assumptions are subjective and, as a result, net interest income simulation results will differ from actual results due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes and changes in market conditions, consumer behavior and management strategies, among other factors. TCF performs various sensitivity analyses on assumptions of new loan spreads, prepayment rates, basis risk, deposit attrition and deposit repricing.

The following table presents changes in TCF's net interest income over a twelve month period if short- and long-term interest rates were to sustain an immediate increase of 100 basis points and 200 basis points. The impact of planned changes to interest-earning assets and new business activities is factored into the simulation model.

	Impact on Net Interest Income
(Dollars in millions)	June 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
Immediate Change in Interest Rates:
+200 basis points	$	89.9	8.7	%	$	97.5	10.1	%
+100 basis points	49.5		4.8		53.1		5.5

As of June 30, 2018, approximately 64% of TCF's loan and lease balances were expected to reprice, amortize or prepay in the next 12 months and approximately 63% of TCF's deposit balances were low or no cost deposits. TCF believes that the mix of assets repricing compared with low or no cost deposits positions TCF well for rising interest rates.

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Management also uses EVE and interest rate gap analyses to measure risk in the balance sheet that might not be taken into account in the net interest income simulation analysis. Net interest income simulation highlights exposure over a relatively short time period, while EVE analysis incorporates all cash flows over the estimated remaining life of all balance sheet positions. The valuation of the balance sheet, at a point in time, is defined as the discounted present value of asset cash flows minus the discounted present value of liability cash flows. EVE analysis addresses only the current balance sheet and does not incorporate the planned changes to interest-earning assets that are used in the net interest income simulation model. As with the net interest income simulation model, EVE analysis is based on key assumptions about the timing and variability of balance sheet cash flows and does not take into account any potential responses by management to anticipated changes in interest rates.

Interest rate gap is primarily the difference between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities repricing within a given period and represents the net asset or liability sensitivity at a point in time. An interest rate gap measure could be significantly affected by external factors such as loan prepayments, early withdrawals of deposits, changes in the correlation of various interest-bearing instruments, competition, or a rise or decline in interest rates.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures  The Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer), Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Based on that evaluation, management concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2018.

Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by TCF in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed with the objective of ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer), Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer), as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. TCF's disclosure controls also include internal controls that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that transactions are properly authorized, assets are safeguarded against unauthorized or improper use and that transactions are properly recorded and reported.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting  There were no changes to TCF's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended June 30, 2018, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, TCF's internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II - Other Information                                                

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time TCF is a party to legal proceedings arising out of its lending, leasing and deposit operations, including foreclosure proceedings and other collection actions as part of its lending and leasing collections activities. TCF may also be subject to regulatory examinations and enforcement actions brought by federal regulators, including the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Reserve, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the "OCC") and the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection ("BCFP") which may impose sanctions on TCF for failures related to regulatory compliance. From time to time borrowers and other customers, and employees and former employees have also brought actions against TCF, in some cases claiming substantial damages. TCF and other financial services companies are subject to the risk of class action litigation. Litigation is often unpredictable and the actual results of litigation cannot be determined and therefore the ultimate resolution of a matter and the possible range of loss associated with certain potential outcomes cannot be established. Based on our current understanding of TCF's pending legal proceedings, management does not believe that judgments or settlements arising from pending or threatened legal matters, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, operating results or cash flows of TCF.

On January 19, 2017, the BCFP filed a civil lawsuit against TCF Bank in the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota (the "Court"), captioned Consumer Financial Protection Bureau v. TCF National Bank, alleging violations of the Consumer Financial Protection Act ("CFPA") and Regulation E, §1005.17 in connection with TCF Bank's practices administering checking account overdraft program "opt-in" requirements from 2010 to early 2014. On September 8, 2017, the Court issued a ruling on the motion made by TCF Bank to dismiss the complaint of the BCFP. In its ruling, the Court granted TCF Bank's motion to dismiss the BCFP's Regulation E claims and also dismissed the BCFP's unfair, deceptive and abusive conduct claims under the CFPA for periods prior to July 21, 2011. On July 20, 2018, TCF Bank entered into a Stipulated Final Judgment and Order (the "BCFP Settlement") with the BCFP to resolve the matter and has entered into a Consent Order and a Consent Order For a Civil Money Penalty and related stipulations (collectively, the "OCC Consent Orders") with the OCC to resolve related regulatory issues with the OCC (collectively, the BCFP Settlement and the OCC Consent Orders are referred to herein as the "Consent Agreements"). The Consent Agreements provide, among other things, for TCF Bank to submit a restitution plan to the BCFP and OCC pursuant to which TCF Bank will pay restitution in the total amount of $25.0 million to certain current and former customers and require a notice to certain customers opted-in to overdraft service reminding them of their current opt-in choice. The Consent Agreements also provide that TCF Bank shall pay $5.0 million in civil money penalties, $3.0 million of which shall be paid to the OCC and $2.0 million of which shall be paid to the BCFP. In addition, TCF Bank expects to incur approximately $2.0 million in administrative costs related to the administration of the restitution plan required under the Consent Agreements. The financial impact of the Consent Agreements is reflected in TCF Financial Corporation's second quarter results.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There were no material changes in risk factors for TCF in the quarter covered by this report. You should carefully consider the risks and risk factors included under Item 1A. of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. TCF's business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Share repurchase activity for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 was as follows:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan
April 1 to April 30, 2018
Share repurchase program(1)	1,411,436	$	23.17	1,411,436	$	50,502,776
Employee transactions(2)	119,306	$	22.78	N.A.	N.A.
May 1 to May 31, 2018
Share repurchase program(1)	1,101,302	$	25.70	1,101,302	$	22,199,135
Employee transactions(2)	—	$	—	N.A.	N.A.
June 1 to June 30, 2018
Share repurchase program(1)	268,097	$	26.71	268,097	$	15,037,823
Employee transactions(2)	1,290	$	26.60	N.A.	N.A.
Total
Share repurchase program(1)	2,780,835	$	24.51	2,780,835	$	15,037,823
Employee transactions(2)	120,596	$	22.82	N.A.	N.A.

 N.A. Not Applicable

(1) The current share repurchase authorization was approved by the Board of Directors and announced in a press release on November 27, 2017. The authorization was for a repurchase of up to $150.0 million in aggregate value of shares of TCF's common stock. Future repurchases will be based on market conditions, the trading price of TCF shares and other factors. The ability to repurchase shares in the future may be adversely affected by new legislation or regulations or by changes in regulatory policies. Repurchases under this authorization may be commenced or suspended at any time or from time to time. On July 25, 2018, TCF's Board of Directors approved a new authorization to repurchase up to an additional $150.0 million in aggregate value of shares of TCF's common stock.

(2) Represents restricted stock withheld pursuant to the terms of awards granted under either the TCF Financial Incentive Stock Program or the TCF Financial 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan to offset tax withholding obligations that occur upon vesting and release of restricted stock. Both plans provide that the value of shares withheld shall be the average of the high and low prices of common stock of TCF Financial Corporation on the date the relevant transaction occurs.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description
10.1	Amended and Restated TCF Financial 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TCF Financial Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 27, 2018 (No. 18784131)]
10.2	Amended and Restated Directors Stock Grant Program [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to TCF Financial Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 27, 2018 (No. 18784131)]
10.3	Employment Agreement between Craig R. Dahl and TCF Financial Corporation, effective as of April 25, 2018 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to TCF Financial Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 27, 2018 (No. 18784131)]
31.1#	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2#	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1#	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2#	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101#	Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the period ended June 30, 2018, formatted in XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

#  Filed herein

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

TCF FINANCIAL CORPORATION

/s/ Craig R. Dahl

Craig R. Dahl,

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Brian W. Maass

Brian W. Maass,

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

/s/ Susan D. Bode

Susan D. Bode,

Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

(Principal Accounting Officer)

Dated: August 3, 2018

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