Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

6. Fair Value Measurements

U.S. GAAP requires enhanced disclosures about assets and liabilities that are measured and reported at fair value and has established a hierarchal disclosure framework that prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability used in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value. Market price observability is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of, and the characteristics specific to, the assets and liabilities. Assets and liabilities with readily available active quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value.

Assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:

Level 1 - Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets and liabilities as of the reporting date.

Level 2 - Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies where all significant inputs are observable. The inputs and assumptions of our Level 2 assets and liabilities are derived from market observable sources including reported trades, broker/dealer quotes and other pertinent data.

Level 3 - Pricing inputs are unobservable for the assets and liabilities and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the assets and liabilities. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation. Fair value is determined using comparable market transactions and other valuation methodologies, adjusted as appropriate for liquidity, credit, market and/or other risk factors.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and consideration of factors specific to the assets and liabilities. Significant transfers, if any, between the levels within the fair value hierarchy are recognized at the beginning of the reporting period when changes in circumstances require such transfers.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table summarizes the valuation of our assets and liabilities by the above fair value hierarchy levels measured on a recurring basis:

	December 31, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in millions)
Assets
Investments (Note 5)	$	2,730	$	129	$	42	$	2,901	$	5,538	$	1,142	$	42	$	6,722
Derivative assets, net (Note 7)		—		64		—		64		—		805		—		805
	$	2,730	$	193	$	42	$	2,965	$	5,538	$	1,947	$	42	$	7,527
Liabilities
Securities sold, not yet purchased (Note 5)	$	3,288	$	185	$	—	$	3,473	$	6,326	$	169	$	—	$	6,495
Derivative liabilities, net (Note 7)		—		979		—		979		—		691		—		691
Other liabilities		—		329		—		329		—		692		—		692
	$	3,288	$	1,493	$	—	$	4,781	$	6,326	$	1,552	$	—	$	7,878

Refer to Note 20, “Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans,” for our Food Packaging segment’s defined benefit plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

There were no changes in investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which we use Level 3 inputs during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis for Which We Use Level 3 Inputs to Determine Fair Value

Energy

CVR Partners performed a non-recurring fair value measurement of the equity interest received as part of the 45Q Transaction. Such valuation used a combination of the market approach and the discounted cash flow methodology with key inputs including the discount rate, contractual and expected future cash flows, and market multiples. CVR Partners determined the estimated fair value of the consideration received to be $46 million at December 31, 2023.

Holding Company

The estimated fair value of the Company’s note receivable from Auto Plus was measured at January 31, 2023 using the income approach with Level 3 inputs by discounting the forecasted cash inflows associated with the note using an estimated market discount rate. The Company measured the fair value of the related party note using the practical expedient for a collateral-dependent loan in accordance with ASC Topic 326 to determine the allowance based on the fair value of collateral less costs to sell. The collateral for the note primarily consists of cash and accounts receivable. The Company estimated the fair value of the accounts receivable by using an average from a range of expected cash collection projections. We determined the estimated fair value to be $11 million at December 31, 2023.