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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Line Items]  
Consolidation, Policy Principles of Consolidation
As of March 31, 2019, our condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of (i) Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings and (ii) the wholly and majority owned subsidiaries of Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings, in addition to variable interest entities ("VIEs") in which we are the primary beneficiary. In evaluating whether we have a controlling financial interest in entities that we consolidate, we consider the following: (1) for voting interest entities, including limited partnerships and similar entities that are not VIEs, we consolidate these entities in which we own a majority of the voting interests; and (2) for VIEs, we consolidate these entities in which we are the primary beneficiary. See below for a discussion of our VIEs. Kick-out rights, which are the rights underlying the limited partners' ability to dissolve the limited partnership or otherwise remove the general partners, held through voting interests of partnerships and similar entities that are not VIEs are considered the equivalent of the equity interests of corporations that are not VIEs.
Except for our Investment segment, for equity investments in which we own 50% or less but greater than 20%, we generally account for such investments using the equity method. All other equity investments are accounted for at fair value.
Accounting Changes [Text Block] Change in Accounting Principle
Effective January 1, 2019, CVR Energy revised its accounting policy method for the costs of planned major maintenance activities ("turnarounds") specific to its petroleum business from being expensed as incurred (the direct expensing method) to the deferral method. Turnarounds are planned shutdowns of refinery processing units for significant overhaul and refurbishment. Under the deferral method, the costs of turnarounds are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over a four-year period, which represents the estimated time until the next turnaround occurs. The new method of accounting for turnarounds is considered preferable as it is more consistent with the accounting policy of CVR Energy's peer companies and better reflects the economic substance of the benefits earned from turnaround expenditures. The comparative condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 and condensed consolidated statement of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 have been retrospectively adjusted to apply the new accounting method. These turnaround costs, and related accumulated amortization, are included within other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The amortization expense related to turnaround costs is included in cost of goods sold in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. CVR Partners will continue to follow the direct expensing method therefore this change had no impact on its current or comparative condensed consolidated financial statements.
As a result of this accounting change, our Energy segment increased other assets by $108 million and decreased property, plant and equipment, net by $15 million as of December 31, 2018. In addition, our Energy segment increased deferred tax liability by $18 million and total equity by $75 million, including $31 million attributable to Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2017, our Energy segment increased total equity by $118 million, including $62 million attributable to Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the effect on net income for our Energy segment as a result of this accounting change was a reduction to net income of $11 million, including a $5 million reduction attributable to Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings. The impact on net income was comprised of a $14 million increase to cost of goods sold and a $3 million decrease to income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Reclassifications [Text Block] Reclassifications
Certain other reclassifications have been made within the condensed consolidated statements of operations to include gain (loss) on derivatives within cost of goods sold for our Energy segment. Prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. The reclassification of gain on derivatives from other income, net to costs of goods sold was $59 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. These reclassifications did not have an impact on previously reported net income.
We have also recast certain historical results for discontinued operations, which we disclose in Note 13, "Discontinued Operations." In addition, certain other reclassifications from the prior year presentation have been made to conform to the current year presentation, which did not have an impact on previously reported net income and equity and are not deemed material.
Consolidation, Variable Interest Entity, Policy [Policy Text Block] Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
The following is a discussion of variable interest entities in which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary and in which we therefore consolidate. In addition, as discussed in Note 3, "Related Party Transactions," we have a variable interest in an entity in which we are not the primary beneficiary and therefore we do not consolidate.
Icahn Enterprises Holdings
We determined that Icahn Enterprises Holdings is a VIE because it is a limited partnership that lacks both substantive kick-out and participating rights. Although Icahn Enterprises is not the general partner of Icahn Enterprises Holdings, Icahn Enterprises is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of Icahn Enterprises Holdings principally based on its 99% limited partner interest in Icahn Enterprises Holdings, as well as our related party relationship with the general partner, and therefore continues to consolidate Icahn Enterprises Holdings. The condensed consolidated financial statements of Icahn Enterprises Holdings are included in this Report. The balances with respect to Icahn Enterprises Holdings' consolidated VIEs are discussed below, comprising the Investment Funds, CVR Refining (prior to January 2019), CVR Partners and Viskase.
Investment
We determined that each of the Investment Funds are considered VIEs because these limited partnerships lack both substantive kick-out and participating rights. Because we have a general partner interest in each of the Investment Funds and have significant limited partner interests in each of the Investment Funds, coupled with our significant exposure to losses and
benefits in each of the Investment Funds, we are the primary beneficiary of each of the Investment Funds and therefore continue to consolidate each of the Investment Funds.
Energy
CVR Refining (prior to January 2019) and CVR Partners are each considered VIEs because each of these limited partnerships lack both substantive kick-out and participating rights. In addition, CVR Energy also concluded that, based upon its general partner's roles and rights in CVR Refining and CVR Partners as afforded by their respective partnership agreements, coupled with its exposure to losses and benefits in each of CVR Refining and CVR Partners through its significant limited partner interests, intercompany credit facilities and services agreements, it is the primary beneficiary of both CVR Refining (prior to January 2019) and CVR Partners. Based upon this evaluation, CVR Energy continues to consolidate both CVR Refining (prior to January 2019) and CVR Partners.
Food Packaging
Viskase holds a variable interest in a joint venture for which Viskase is the primary beneficiary. Viskase's interest in the joint venture includes a 50% equity interest and also relates to the sales, operations, administrative and financial support to the joint venture through providing many of the assets used in its business.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsThe carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, cash held at consolidated affiliated partnerships and restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from brokers, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities and due to brokers are deemed to be reasonable estimates of their fair values because of their short-term nature. See Note 4, “Investments and Related Matters,” and Note 5, “Fair Value Measurements,” for a detailed discussion of our investments and other non-financial assets and/or liabilities.
Statement of cash flow, policy [Policy Text Block] Cash FlowCash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows is comprised of (i) cash and cash equivalents and (ii) cash held at consolidated affiliated partnerships and restricted cash.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block] Cash Held at Consolidated Affiliated Partnerships and Restricted Cash
Our cash held at consolidated affiliated partnerships balance was $1,673 million and $2,648 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Cash held at consolidated affiliated partnerships relates to our Investment segment and consists of cash and cash equivalents held by the Investment Funds that, although not legally restricted, are not available to fund the general liquidity needs of the Investment segment or Icahn Enterprises.
Our restricted cash balance was $626 million and $34 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Restricted cash primarily relates to our Investment segment's cash pledged and held for margin requirements on derivative transactions.
Lessee, Leases [Policy Text Block] Leases
As discussed below, on January 1, 2019, we adopted FASB ASC Topic 842, Leases, using the modified retrospective approach, which does not require the application of this Topic to periods prior to January 1, 2019. With the exception of the requirement to recognize right-of-use assets on the balance sheet for operating leases in which we are the lessee beginning in 2019, our accounting policy with respect to leases is not significantly different from prior periods and therefore, our prior period accounting policy is not separately disclosed. Financing leases under current U.S. GAAP are classified and accounted for in substantially the same manner as capital leases under prior U.S. GAAP and therefore, we do not distinguish between financing leases and capital leases unless the context requires.
The determination of whether an arrangement is or contains a lease occurs at inception. We account for arrangements that contain lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all classes of underlying assets. Leases in which we are the lessor are primarily within our Real Estate segment. Refer to Real Estate below for further discussion. In addition, all of our businesses, including our Real Estate segment, enter into lease arrangements as the lessee. The following is our accounting policy for leases in which we are the lessee.
All Segments and Holding Company
Leases are classified as either operating or financing by the lessee depending on whether or not the lease terms provide for control of the underlying asset to be transferred to the lessee. When control transfers to the lessee, we classify the lease as a financing lease. All other leases are recorded as operating leases. Effective January 1, 2019, for all leases with an initial lease term in excess of twelve months, we record a right-of-use asset with a corresponding liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at commencement of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Right-of-use assets are adjusted for any lease payments made on or before commencement of the lease, less any lease incentives received. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use the incremental borrowing rate with respect to each of our businesses based on the information available at commencement of the lease in determining the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. The lease terms used in the determination of our right-of-use assets and liabilities reflect any options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such option. We and our subsidiaries, independently of each other, apply a portfolio approach to account for the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities when we or our subsidiaries do not believe that applying the portfolio approach would be materially different from accounting for right-of-use assets and lease liabilities individually.
Operating lease expense is recorded as a single expense recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is net of sub-lease income. Operating lease right-of-use assets are amortized for the difference between the straight-line expense less the accretion of interest of the related lease liability. Financing lease expense consists of interest expense on the financing lease liability as well as amortization of the right-of-use financing lease assets on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Lessor, Leases [Policy Text Block] Real EstateLeases are classified as either operating, sales-type or direct financing by the lessor. Our Real Estate segment's net lease portfolio consists of commercial real estate leased to others under long-term operating leases and we account for these leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842. These assets leased to others are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, and are included in property, plant and equipment, net on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Assets leased to others are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the assets, ranging from 5 years to 39 years. Lease revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Cash receipts for all lease payments received are included in net cash flows from operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Our Real Estate segment's accounting policy for assets leased to others is not significantly different from prior periods.
New Accounting Pronouncements Adoption of New Accounting Standards
Lease Accounting Standards Updates
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which supersedes FASB ASC Topic 840, Leases. This ASU requires the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous guidance. In addition, among other changes to the accounting for leases, this ASU retains the distinction between finance leases and operating leases. The classification criteria for distinguishing between financing leases and operating leases are substantially similar to the classification criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases under previous guidance. Furthermore, quantitative and qualitative disclosures, including disclosures regarding significant judgments made by management, will be required. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in this ASU should be applied using a modified retrospective approach. In addition, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), which provides an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt the new leases standard. We adopted the new leases standards using the new transition method option effective January 1, 2019, which required a cumulative-effect adjustment recognized in equity at such date. No adjustment to prior period presentation and disclosure were required. The most significant impact related to the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for long-term operating leases with the significant majority of the impact within our Automotive segment, and to a lesser extent, our Energy and Food Packaging segments. Our Automotive segment has identified approximately 2,300 leases, primarily for real estate (operating leases) and vehicles (financing leases) and recognized operating lease right-of-use assets of $589 million (which reflects the impact of above market leases, net of below market leases) and related liabilities of $621 million as of January 1, 2019 as well as financing lease right-of-use assets and obligations of $24 million and $27 million, respectively. Our Energy segment recognized operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities of $56 million and financing lease right-of-use assets and
obligations of $26 million and $23 million, respectively, as of January 1, 2019. Our Food Packaging segment recognized operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities of $42 million as of January 1, 2019 and financing lease right-of-use assets and obligations of $1 million. The aggregate impact for all other segments was the recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities of $28 million as of January 1, 2019.
Other Accounting Standards Updates
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities, which amends FASB ASC Sub-Topic 310-20, Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs. This ASU amends the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium by shortening the amortization period for the premium to the earliest call date. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We have adopted this standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective application method. The adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which amends FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. This ASU includes amendments to existing guidance to better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We have adopted this standard on January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which amends FASB ASC Topic 220, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income. This ASU allows a reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive loss within equity for standard tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and consequently, eliminates the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We have adopted this standard effective on January 1, 2019. See Note 15, "Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss," for the impact on our accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is attributable to our Food Packaging segment.
Description of New Accounting Pronouncements Not yet Adopted Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which amends FASB ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. This ASU requires financial assets measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount to be collected and broadens the information, including forecasted information incorporating more timely information, that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurements, which amends FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements. This ASU eliminates, modifies and adds various disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Certain disclosures are required to be applied using a retrospective approach and others using a prospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract, which amends FASB ASC Subtopic 350-40, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software. This ASU adds certain disclosure requirements related to implementation costs incurred for internal-use software and cloud computing arrangements. The amendment aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in this ASU should be applied either using a retrospective or prospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.