Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2015

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net.

Goodwill consists of the following:



	March 31, 2015							December 31, 2014
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Impairment			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Impairment			Net Carrying Value
	(in millions)
Automotive	$	1,437	$	(226	)	$	1,211	$	1,389	$	(226	)	$	1,163
Energy	930		(103		)	827		930		(103		)	827
Railcar	7		—			7		7		—			7
Food Packaging	3		—			3		3		—			3
	$	2,377	$	(329	)	$	2,048	$	2,329	$	(329	)	$	2,000

Intangible assets, net consists of the following:



	March 31, 2015							December 31, 2014
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
	(in millions)
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	1,006	$	(360	)	$	646	$	957	$	(345	)	$	612
Developed technology	138		(81		)	57		120		(77		)	43
In-place leases	121		(65		)	56		121		(63		)	58
Gasification technology license	60		(7		)	53		60		(7		)	53
Other	47		(21		)	26		47		(20		)	27
	$	1,372	$	(534	)	$	838	$	1,305	$	(512	)	$	793
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trademarks and brand names						$	257						$	257
Gaming licenses						38							38
						295							295
Intangible assets, net						$	1,133						$	1,088

Amortization expense associated with definite-lived intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 was $22 million and $20 million, respectively. We utilize the straight-line method of amortization, recognized over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Automotive

As further discussed in Note 2, "Operating Units - Automotive," during the first quarter of 2015, our Automotive segment consummated the acquisition of the TRW engine components business, recording $51 million of goodwill, $52 million of customer relationships and $17 million of developed technology as of the acquisition date. Because our Automotive segment is in the process of finalizing certain customary post-closing adjustments, the provisional measurements of net assets are subject to change. The valuation of net assets was performed utilizing cost, income and market approaches. The TRW engine components business acquisition is not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Energy

We perform our annual goodwill impairment analysis as of April 30 of each year for our Energy segment, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. The first step of the impairment analysis involves comparing the fair values of these assets to the respective carrying values to determine the potential for goodwill impairment. The second step of the impairment test, if necessary, involves quantifying the level of goodwill impairment.

The fair values of our Energy segment's reporting units are based upon consideration of various valuation methodologies, including a discounted cash flow analysis ("DCF") and pricing multiples of current and future earnings observed for comparable public companies. Assumptions used in a DCF require the exercise of significant judgment, including judgment about appropriate discount rates and terminal values, growth rates, and the amount and timing of expected future cash flows. The forecasted cash flows are based on current plans and for years beyond that plan, the estimates are based on assumed growth rates. We believe that our assumptions are consistent with the plans and estimates used to manage the underlying businesses. The discount rates used in a DCF, which are intended to reflect the risks inherent in future cash flow projections, are based on estimates of the weighted-average cost of capital (“WACC”) of a market participant. Such estimates are derived from our analysis of peer companies and consider the industry weighted average return on debt and equity from a market participant perspective.

During the fourth quarter of 2014, based on certain negative trends occurring in the energy markets, particularly with respect to the significant volatility in the oil markets as a result of a drop in forecasted worldwide demand for crude oil supply and inventories, we determined that goodwill impairment indicators existed in both of our Energy segment's Petroleum and Fertilizer reporting units. Accordingly, we performed a "Step 1" goodwill impairment analysis for our Energy segment's reporting units as of December 1, 2014. Our Energy segment’s petroleum reporting unit passed “Step 1” of the goodwill impairment analysis, and therefore, we did not perform “Step 2” of the goodwill impairment analysis for this reporting unit. Because our Energy segment's Fertilizer reporting unit failed "Step 1" of the goodwill impairment analysis, we therefore, performed "Step 2" of the goodwill impairment analysis. Based on "Step 2" results of the goodwill impairment analysis, we recognized a preliminary impairment charge of $103 million for our Energy segment's Fertilizer reporting unit for the year ended December 31, 2014. Due to the complexity inherent in the "Step 2" goodwill impairment test, we finalized the assessment of our Energy segment's goodwill impairment during the first quarter of 2015 and noted that no additional adjustments to goodwill were required for the first quarter of 2015.

Railcar

We perform the annual goodwill impairment test as of March 1 of each year for our Railcar segment. For purposes of goodwill impairment testing, our Railcar segment's manufacturing reporting unit is the only reporting unit with allocated goodwill. We assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount. If, however, we had determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than its carrying amount, then we would perform the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test. In evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, we considered various qualitative and quantitative factors, including macroeconomic conditions, railcar industry trends and the fact that our railcar manufacturing reporting unit has historical positive operating cash flows that we anticipate will continue. After assessing these factors, we determined that it was more likely than not the fair value of our railcar manufacturing reporting unit was greater than its carrying amount, and therefore no further testing was necessary.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

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