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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2014
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes.
For the three months ended September 30, 2014, both Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings recorded an income tax benefit of $19 million on pre-tax loss of $646 million compared to an income tax expense of $57 million on pre-tax income of $1,293 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013. Our effective income tax rate was 2.9% and 4.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, the difference between the effective tax rate and statutory federal rate of 35% is primarily due to partnership income not subject to taxation, as such taxes are the responsibility of the partners. 
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, both Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings recorded an income tax expense of $166 million on pre-tax income of $739 million compared to an income tax expense of $274 million on pre-tax income of $2,313 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Our effective income tax rate was 22.5% and 11.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the difference between the effective tax rate and statutory federal rate of 35% is primarily due to partnership income not subject to taxation, as such taxes are the responsibility of the partners. 
We previously disclosed the details of our deferred tax assets, including the amount of our tax loss carryforwards, the expiration dates thereof and the valuation allowance related to our deferred tax assets in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. In assessing the recoverability of its deferred tax assets, management regularly considers whether some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized based on the recognition threshold and measurement of a tax position in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income (exclusive of reversing temporary differences) and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. At December 31, 2013, our net deferred tax assets included $220 million of deferred tax assets attributable to our Gaming segment which were fully offset by a valuation allowance at such date.
 In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, based upon the level of historical book and tax operating losses, our Gaming segment continues to maintain a deferred tax valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets through September 30, 2014. Our Gaming segment, however, has experienced improved earnings trends and has had cumulative net book income for 2012 and 2013. The nine-month period ended September 30, 2014 has continued with positive earnings. Additionally, current market conditions in Atlantic City, New Jersey, a location in which our Gaming segment operates and derives a significant portion of its revenues, have been volatile, but our Gaming segment has currently been able to meet its income projections. If such earnings trends in this volatile market continue, and current expectations for future taxable income are met, our Gaming segment is likely to release the valuation allowance on all or a significant portion of its net deferred tax assets in the near term, perhaps as early as the fourth quarter of 2014.