(1) Net income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for both the first quarters of 2018 and 2017 includes a loss of $0.4 million and earnings of $0.6 million, respectively, from the Company’s equity interest in a captive insurance company. Net income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for both the first quarters of 2018 and 2017 includes Houghton combination-related expenses of $6.1 million and $9.1 million, respectively. Net income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for the first quarter of 2018 includes a currency conversion charge of $0.2 million related to the impacts of hyper-inflationary accounting at the Company’s 50% owned affiliate in Venezuela. Net income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for the first quarter of 2017 also includes $0.3 million of cost streamlining expenses associated with certain actions taken to reorganize the Company’s corporate staff.

(2) Net income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for both the second quarters of 2018 and 2017 includes earnings from the Company’s equity interest in a captive insurance company of $1.0 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Net income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for both the second quarters of 2018 and 2017 includes Houghton combination-related expenses of $4.5 million and $4.3 million, respectively. Net income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for both the second quarters of 2018 and 2017 includes currency conversion charges of less than $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, related to the impacts of hyper-inflationary accounting at the Company’s 50% owned affiliate in Venezuela. Net income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for the second quarter of 2018 includes a tax adjustment of $1.2 million related to U.S. Tax Reform. Net income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for the second quarter of 2017 includes a $1.9 million charge for the Company’s U.S. pension plan settlement of its vested terminated participants.

(3) Net income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for both the third quarters of 2018 and 2017 includes earnings from the Company’s equity interest in a captive insurance company of $0.4 million, respectively, in both periods. Net income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for both the third quarters of 2018 and 2017 includes Houghton combination-related expenses of $3.8 million and $9.7 million, respectively. Net income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for both the third quarters of 2018 and 2017 includes currency conversion charges of $0.5 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively, related to the impacts of hyper-inflationary accounting at the Company’s 50% owned affiliate in Venezuela and wholly owned Argentina subsidiary. Net income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for the third quarter of 2018 also includes a $0.4 million foreign currency transaction gain related to the liquidation of an inactive legal entity and a tax adjustment of $1.1 million related to U.S. Tax Reform.

(4) Net income (loss) attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for both the fourth quarters of 2018 and 2017 includes a loss of $0.1 million and earnings of $1.1 million, respectively, from the Company’s equity interest in a captive insurance company. Net income (loss) attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for both the fourth quarters of 2018 and 2017 includes Houghton combination-related expenses of $5.1 million and $7.7 million, respectively. Net income (loss) attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for both the fourth quarters of 2018 and 2017 includes other income of $0.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively, related to cash proceeds from an insolvent insurance carrier with respect to previously filed recovery claims by an inactive subsidiary of the Company. Net income (loss) attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for both the fourth quarters of 2018 and 2017 includes currency conversion impacts related to hyper-inflationary accounting, with the 2017 impact of a charge of $0.1 million at the Company’s 50% owned affiliate in Venezuela and the 2018 impact of income of less than $0.1 million at the Company’s wholly owned Argentina subsidiary. Net income (loss) attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for both the fourth quarters of 2018 and 2017 includes charges of $8.1 million and $22.2 million, respectively, related to U.S. Tax Reform. Net income (loss) attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation for the fourth quarter of 2017 also includes a charge of $0.1 million related to a loss on disposal of a held-for-sale asset.

(5) Basic and diluted per share amounts of net income (loss) attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation common shareholders for all four quarters above may not total to the full year amounts presented in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, due to rounding