Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 5. Income Taxes

The income tax benefit consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

	2019			2018
Federal	$	-		$	-
Foreign		-			-
State		(610,676	)		-
Income tax benefit	$	(610,676	)	$	-

The significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

	2019			2018
Net operating loss carry forwards	$	23,936,000		$	22,996,000
Orphan drug and research and development credit carry forwards		8,315,000			8,333,000
Equity based compensation		1,331,000			1,331,000
Intangibles		1,051,000			1,164,000
Total		34,633,000			33,824,000
Valuation allowance		(34,633,000	)		(33,824,000	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	-		$	-

The Company had gross NOLs at December 31, 2019 of approximately $107,767,000 for federal tax purposes, approximately $16,180,000 for state tax purposes and approximately $815,000 for foreign tax purposes. Federal losses generated in 2018 or later will carry forward indefinitely. In addition, the Company has $8,315,000 of various tax credits which expire from 2020 to 2037. The Company may be able to utilize its NOLs to reduce future federal and state income tax liabilities. However, these NOLs are subject to various limitations under Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") Section 382. IRC Section 382 limits the use of NOLs to the extent there has been an ownership change of more than 50 percentage points. In addition, the NOL carry forwards are subject to examination by the taxing authority and could be adjusted or disallowed due to such exams. Although the Company has not undergone an IRC Section 382 analysis, it is likely that the utilization of the NOLs may be substantially limited.

The Company and one or more of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. Federal jurisdiction, and various state and local jurisdictions. During the year ended December 31, 2019, in accordance with the State of New Jersey's Technology Business Tax Certificate Program, which allowed certain high technology and biotechnology companies to sell unused NOL carry forwards to other New Jersey-based corporate taxpayers, the Company sold New Jersey NOL carry forwards, resulting in the recognition of $610,676 of income tax benefit, net of transaction costs. The Company has not yet sold its 2018 or 2019 New Jersey NOLs but may be able to do so in the future. There can be no assurance as to the continuation or magnitude of this program in the future.

Reconciliations of the difference between income tax benefit computed at the federal and state statutory tax rates and the provision for income tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	2019			2018
Federal tax at statutory rate		(21.0	)%		(21.0	)%
State tax benefits, plus sale of NJ NOL, net of federal benefit		(8.8	)		(12.5	)
Foreign tax rate difference		0.3			0.2
Orphan drug and research and development credits		1.8			1.1
Permanent differences		2.1			0.9
Foreign NOL adjustments		2.5			-
Expiration of tax attributes		8.8			8.4
Change in valuation allowance		8.3			22.9
Income tax benefit		(6.0	)%		-	%