Stock Option Plans and Warrants to Purchase Common Stock (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Equity Incentive Plan [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Summary of option and warrant activity

Shares available for grant at January 1, 2017	185,769
Increase in shares available for grant	300,000
Options granted	(476,100	)
Options forfeited	4,300
Shares available for grant at December 31, 2017	13,969

Share Based Compensation [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Summary of option and warrant activity

Share-based compensation	2017		2016
Research and development	$	213,944	$	230,573
General and administrative		275,843		344,404
Total	$	489,787	$	574,977

Stock options [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Summary of option and warrant activity

	Options			Weighted Average Options Exercise Price
Balance outstanding at December 31, 2015		276,861		$	21.30
Granted		66,875			5.30
Increase post reverse stock split		1,851			17.07
Exercised		-			-
Forfeited		(14,982	)		48.52
Balance outstanding at December 31, 2016		330,605		$	17.07
Granted		476,100			2.24
Exercised		-			-
Forfeited		(21,050	)		51.62
Balance outstanding at December 31, 2017		785,655		$	7.15

Summary of weighted-average range of exercise prices for options and warrants outstanding and exercisable

Price Range		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life in Years		Outstanding Options		Exercisable Options
	$2.01-$19.50		8.60		705,274		359,582
	$20.00-$41.00		5.28		59,581		59,581
	$46.40-$62.00		2.44		20,800		20,800
	Total		8.18		785,655		439,963

Warrants [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Summary of option and warrant activity

	Warrants			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance at December 31, 2015		492,614		$	7.40
Granted		2,403,405			3.95
Exercised		(42,444	)		0.80
Balance at December 31, 2016		2,853,575		$	4.13
Granted		51,151			2.50
Exercised		(250,000	)		0.80
Expired		(77,488	)		5.58
Balance at December 31, 2017		2,577,238		$	4.38

Summary of weighted-average range of exercise prices for options and warrants outstanding and exercisable

Grant Date	Exercise Price		Remaining Contractual Life in Years		Outstanding Warrants		Exercisable Warrants
6/25/2013		0.80		0.48		11,250		11,250
12/5/2013		20.50		0.93		500		500
12/24/2014		14.80		1.98		110,932		110,932
12/16/2016		3.95		3.96		2,403,405		2,403,405
11/3/2017		2.50		4.83		51,151		-
		Total		3.78		2,577,238		2,526,087