a_mnymkt1.htm

485BPOS 1 a_mnymkt1.htm PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND AND PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND a_mnymkt1.htm

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
January ^30, 2006

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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	FORM N-1A
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	REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933	/ X /
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	Pre-Effective Amendment No.	/ /
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	Post-Effective Amendment No. ^38	/ X /
	and	----
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	REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY	/ X /
	ACT OF 1940	----
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	Amendment No. ^34	/ X /
	(Check appropriate box or boxes)	----



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	PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND

	Registration No. 2-55091
	811-02608
	(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)

^		/ X /
	REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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	Pre-Effective Amendment No.	/ /
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	Post-Effective Amendment No. ^22	/ X /
	and	----
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	REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY	/ X /
	ACT OF 1940	----
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	Amendment No. ^24	/ X /
	(Check appropriate box or boxes)	----

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PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND

Registration No. 33-15238
811-05215
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)

One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109
(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrants' Telephone Number, including Area Code
(617) 292-1000
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It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)

/	/	immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
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^

/	X /	on January 30, ^2006 pursuant to paragraph (b)


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/	/	60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a) (1)

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/	/	on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a) (1)

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/	/	75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a) (2)


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/	/	on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a) (2) of Rule ^485.



If appropriate, check the following box:
/	/	this post-effective amendment designates a new ^effective date for a previously filed
post-effective amendment.

^
^

BETH S. MAZOR, Vice President
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND
One Post Office Square
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
(Name and address of agent for service)
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Copy to:
JOHN W. GERSTMAYR, Esquire
ROPES & GRAY^ LLP
One International Place
Boston, Massachusetts 02110

Putnam Money Market Fund
Putnam Tax Exempt
Money Market Fund
1| 30| 06
Prospectus

CONTENTS
Fund summaries	2
Goals	2
Main investment strategies	2
Main risks	2
Performance information	3
Fees and expenses	5
What are each fund’s main investment
strategies and related risks?	8
Who manages the funds?	12
How does a fund price its shares?	14
How do I buy fund shares?	14
How do I sell fund shares?	20
How do I exchange fund shares?	22
Fund distributions and taxes	23
Financial highlights	24

Putnam Money Market Fund: Class A, B, C, M, R and T shares Investment Category: Income

Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund:

Class A shares Investment Category:

Tax-Exempt Income

This prospectus explains what you should know about these mutual funds before you invest. Please read it carefully.

Putnam Investment Management, LLC (Putnam Management), which has managed mutual funds since 1937, manages these funds.

These securities have not been approved or disapproved by the Securities and Exchange Commission nor has the Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any statement to the contrary is a crime.

Fund summaries

GOALS

* Putnam Money Market Fund. The fund seeks as high a rate of current income as we believe is consistent with preservation of capital and maintenance of liquidity.

* Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund. The fund seeks as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax as we believe is consistent with preservation of capital, maintenance of liquidity and stability of principal.

MAIN INVESTMENT STRATEGIES Putnam

Money Market Fund — Income

* We invest mainly in instruments that:

* are high quality and

* have short-term maturity.

Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund — Tax exempt income

* We invest mainly in instruments that:

* pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax but may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax (AMT),

* are high quality, and

* have short-term maturity.

Under normal circumstances, we invest at least 80% of the fund’s net assets in short-term tax exempt investments. This investment policy cannot be changed without the approval of the fund’s shareholders.

MAIN RISKS

The main risks that could adversely affect the value of a fund’s shares and the total return on your investment include:

* The risk that the effects of inflation may erode the value of your investment over time.

* The risk that the fund will not maintain a net asset value of $1.00 per share, due to events such as deterioration in the credit quality of issuers whose securities the fund holds, or an increase in interest rates.

* For the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund, the risk that the interest the fund receives might be taxable.

2 P R O S P E C T U S

A fund may not achieve its goal, and is not intended as a complete investment program. An investment in the fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Although each fund seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in either fund.

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

The following information provides some indication of each fund’s risks. The first chart show year-to-year changes in the performance of one of the Money Market Fund’s classes of shares, class A shares. The second chart shows year-to-year changes in the performance of class A shares of Tax Exempt Money Market Fund. The table following each chart compares a fund’s performance to that of a broad measure of market performance and a peer group of funds. Of course, a fund’s past performance is not an indication of future performance.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a quarter was 1.59% (quarter ending 12/31/00) and the lowest return for a quarter was 0.15% (quarter ending 3/31/04).

3 P R O S P E C T U S


Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ending 12/31/05)

	Past	Past	Past
	1 year	5 years	10 years

Class A	2.81%	1.96%	3.62%
Class B	–2.71%	1.07%	3.11%
Class C	1.30%	1.45%	3.12%
Class M	2.65%	1.81%	3.47%
Class R	2.29%	1.48%	3.13%
Class T	2.55%	1.71%	3.37%
Merrill Lynch 91-Day Treasury Bill Index
(no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)	3.06%	2.34%	3.85%
Lipper Money Market Funds Average
(no deduction for taxes)	2.37%	1.59%	3.32%

Class B and class C share performance reflects the maximum applicable deferred sales charge if shares had been redeemed on 12/31/05 and, for class B shares, does not assume conversion to class A shares after eight years. For periods before the inception of class C shares (2/1/99), class R shares (1/21/03) and class T shares (12/31/01), performance shown for these classes in the table is based on the performance of the fund’s class A shares, adjusted to reflect the appropriate sales charge and the higher 12b-1 fees paid by the class C, class R and class T shares.

The fund’s performance is compared to the Merrill Lynch 91-Day Treasury Bill Index, an unmanaged index that seeks to measure the performance of U.S. Treasury bills available in the marketplace. The fund’s performance is also compared to the Lipper Money Market Funds Average, an arithmetic average of the total return of all mutual funds in Lipper’s Money Market Funds category.

4 P R O S P E C T U S

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a quarter was 0.93% (quarter ending 12/31/00) and the lowest return for a quarter was 0.09% (quarter ending 9/30/03).

Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ending 12/31/05)

	Past	Past	Past
	1 year	5 years	10 years

Tax Exempt Money Market Fund	1.86%	1.26%	2.15%
Merrill Lynch 91-Day Treasury Bill Index
(no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)	3.06%	2.34%	3.85%
Lipper Tax-Exempt Money Market
Funds Average (no deduction for taxes)	1.76%	1.18%	2.14%

The fund’s performance for portions of the period benefited from Putnam Management’s agreement to limit expenses. The fund’s performance is compared to the Merrill Lynch 91-Day Treasury Bill Index, an unmanaged index that seeks to measure the performance of U.S. Treasury bills available in the marketplace. The fund’s performance is also compared to the Lipper Tax-Exempt Money Market Funds Average, an arithmetic average of the total return of all tax-exempt money market mutual funds tracked by Lipper.

FEES AND EXPENSES

This table summarizes the fees and expenses you may pay if you invest in a fund. Except as noted, expenses are based on the fund’s last fiscal year.

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Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

	Class A	Class B	Class C	Class M	Class R	Class T

Money Market Fund
Maximum Sales
Charge (Load)
Imposed on
Purchases (as a
percentage of the
offering price)	NONE	NONE	NONE	NONE	NONE	NONE
Maximum Deferred
Sales Charge
(Load) (as a
percentage of the
original purchase
price or redemption
proceeds, whichever
is lower)	NONE*	5.00%	1.00%	NONE*	NONE	NONE*
Tax Exempt Money Market Fund
Maximum Sales
Charge (Load)
Imposed on
Purchases (as a
percentage of the
offering price)	NONE
Maximum Deferred
Sales Charge
(Load) (as a
percentage of the
original purchase
price or redemption
proceeds, whichever
is lower)	NONE*

6 P R O S P E C T U S


Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that are deducted from fund assets)

				Total Annual
	Management	Distribution	Other	Fund Operating
	Fees	(12b-1) Fees	Expenses	Expenses

Money Market Fund**

Class A	0.30%	NONE	0.21%	0.51%
Class B	0.30%	0.50%	0.21%	1.01%
Class C	0.30%	0.50%	0.21%	1.01%
Class M	0.30%	0.15%	0.21%	0.66%
Class R	0.30%	0.50%	0.21%	1.01%
Class T	0.30%	0.25%	0.21%	0.76%

			Total
	Distribution		Annual Fund	Expense
Management	(12b-1)	Other	Operating	Reimburse-	Net
Fees	Fees	Expenses	Expenses	ment	Expenses

Tax Exempt Money Market Fund***

Class A 0.45%	NONE	0.24%	0.69%	(0.12%)	0.57%

* A deferred sales charge of 1.00% on class A shares and class T shares and of 0.15% on class M shares may be imposed on certain redemptions of shares obtained through exchange of class A or class M shares of another Putnam fund that were originally bought without an initial sales charge.

** Restated to reflect fees under the fund’s current management agreement.

*** Reflects Putnam Management’s agreement to waive fees and reimburse expenses of the fund through September 30, 2006 to the extent necessary to ensure that the fund’s expenses do not exceed the simple average of the expenses of all front-end load funds viewed by Lipper Inc. as having the same investment classification or objective as the fund. The expense reimbursement is based on a comparison of the fund’s expenses with the average annualized operating expenses of the funds in its Lipper peer group, as calculated in accordance with Lipper’s standard method for comparing fund expenses, for each calendar quarter during the fund’s last fiscal year, excluding 12b-1 fees and without giving effect to any expense offset and brokerage service arrangements that may reduce fund expenses.

EXAMPLE

The examples translate the expenses shown in the preceding table into dollar amounts. By doing this, you can more easily compare the cost of investing in the funds to the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The examples make certain assumptions. They assume that you invest $10,000 in each fund for the time periods shown and then, except as shown for class B shares and class C shares for the Money Market Fund, redeem all your shares at the end of those periods. They also assume a 5.00% return on your investment each year and that each fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The examples are hypothetical; your actual costs and returns may be higher or lower.

7 P R O S P E C T U S


	1 year	3 years	5 years	10 years

Money Market Fund
Class A	$ 52	$164	$285	$640
Class B	$603	$622	$758	$1,095*
Class B (no redemption)	$103	$322	$558	$1,095*
Class C	$203	$322	$558	$1,236
Class C (no redemption)	$103	$322	$558	$1,236
Class M	$ 67	$211	$368	$822
Class R	$103	$322	$558	$1,236
Class T	$ 78	$243	$422	$942
Tax Exempt Money Market Fund
Class A	$ 58	$209	$372	$847

* Reflects conversion of class B shares to class A shares, which pay lower 12b-1 fees. Conversion occurs eight years after purchase.

What are each fund’s main investment strategies and related risks?

Any investment carries with it some level of risk that generally reflects its potential for reward. We will consider, among other things, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks as well as general market conditions when deciding whether to buy or sell investments for each fund. The main investment strategies and related risks for each fund are set out below in the following order: those relating only to Putnam Money Market Fund, those relating only to Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund and finally those relating to both of the funds.

MONEY MARKET FUND

We pursue the fund’s goal by investing in money market investments, such as certificates of deposit, commercial paper (including asset-backed commercial paper), U.S. government debt and repurchase agreements, corporate obligations and bankers’ acceptances issued by banks with deposits in excess of $2 billion (or the foreign currency equivalent) at the close of the last calendar year. If the Trustees change this minimum deposit requirement, shareholders would be notified.

* Concentration of investments. We may invest without limit in money market investments from the banking, personal credit and business credit industries. However, we may invest over 25% of the fund’s total assets in money market investments from the personal credit or business credit industries only when we determine that the yields on those investments exceed the yields that are available from eligible investments of issuers in the banking industry.

8 P R O S P E C T U S

The fund’s shares may be more vulnerable to decreases in value than those of money market funds that invest in issues in a greater number of industries. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in a particular industry, it runs an increased risk of loss if economic or other developments affecting that industry cause the prices of related money market investments to fall.

At times, the fund and other accounts that we and our affiliates manage may own all or most of the debt of a particular issuer. This concentration of ownership may make it more difficult to sell, or determine the fair value of, these investments.

* Foreign investments. We may invest in money market instruments of foreign issuers that are denominated in U.S. dollars. Foreign investments involve certain special risks, such as unfavorable political and legal developments, limited financial information, and economic and financial instability. In addition, the liquidity of these investments may be more limited than domestic investments. Foreign settlement procedures may also involve additional risks.

TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND

We pursue the fund’s goal by investing mainly in short-term tax exempt investments. The amount of information about issuers of tax exempt debt may not be as extensive as that which is available by companies whose securities are publicly traded.

* Tax-exempt investments. These investments are issued by public authorities to raise money for public purposes, such as loans for the construction of housing, schools or hospitals, or to provide temporary financ-ing in anticipation of the receipt of taxes and other revenue. They also include private activity obligations of public authorities to finance privately owned or operated facilities. Changes in law or adverse determinations by the Internal Revenue Service may make the income from some of these obligations taxable.

Interest income from private activity bonds may be subject to federal AMT for individuals. As a policy that cannot be changed without the approval of fund shareholders, we cannot include these investments for the purpose of complying with the investment policy described in the “Main Investment Strategies” section.

* Concentration of investments. We may make significant investments in a segment of the tax-exempt debt market, such as revenue bonds for health care facilities, housing or airports. These investments may cause the

9 P R O S P E C T U S

value of a fund’s shares to change more than the values of shares of funds that invest in a greater variety of investments. Certain events may adversely affect all investments within a particular market segment. Examples include legislation or court decisions, concerns about pending legislation or court decisions, or lower demand for the services or products provided by a particular market segment.

BOTH FUNDS

* Interest rate risk. The values of money market investments usually rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Declining interest rates generally increase the value of existing money market investments, and rising interest rates generally decrease the value of existing money market investments. Changes in the values of money market investments usually will not affect the amount of income the funds receive from them, but could affect the value of the fund’s shares. Interest rate risk is generally lowest for investments with short maturities, and the short-term nature of money market investments is designed to reduce this risk.

A fund’s average portfolio maturity will not exceed 90 days and the fund may not hold an investment with more than 397 days remaining to maturity. These short-term investments generally have lower yields than longer-term investments.

Some investments that we purchase for the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund have an interest rate that changes based on a market interest rate, and allow the holder to demand payment of principal and accrued interest before the scheduled maturity date. We measure the maturity of these obligations using the relatively short period in which payment could be demanded. Because the interest rate on these investments can change, these investments are unlikely to be able to lock in favorable longer-term interest rates.

* Credit quality. The funds buy only high quality investments. These are:

* rated in one of the two highest categories by at least two nationally recognized rating services,

* rated by one rating service in one of the service’s two highest categories (if only one rating service has provided a rating) or

* unrated investments that we determine are of equivalent quality.

10 P R O S P E C T U S

The credit quality of an investment may be supported or enhanced by another company or financial institution through the use of a letter of credit or similar arrangements. The main risk in investments backed by a letter of credit is that the provider of the letter of credit will not be able to fulfill its obligations to the issuer.

* Other investments. In addition to the main investment strategies described above, we may make other types of investments and be subject to other risks as described in the statement of additional information (SAI).

* Alternative strategies. At times we may judge that market conditions make pursuing a fund’s usual investment strategies inconsistent with the best interests of its shareholders. We then may temporarily use alternative strategies that are mainly designed to limit losses. However, we may choose not to use these strategies for a variety of reasons, even in very volatile market conditions. These strategies may cause a fund to miss out on investment opportunities, may produce taxable income for the Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund, and may prevent a fund from achieving its goal.

* Changes in policies. The Trustees may change a fund’s goal, investment strategies and other policies without shareholder approval, except as otherwise indicated.

* Portfolio transactions. Transactions on stock exchanges, commodities markets and futures markets involve the payment by the funds of brokerage commissions. The Money Market Fund and Tax Exempt Money Market Fund paid no brokerage commissions during the last fiscal year. Additional information regarding Putnam’s brokerage selection procedures is included in the SAI.

Investors should exercise caution in comparing brokerage commissions and combined expenses for different types of funds. For example, while brokerage commissions represent one component of a fund’s transaction costs, they do not reflect any undisclosed amount of profit or “mark-up” included in the price paid by the fund for principal transactions (transactions made directly with a dealer or other counterparty), including most fixed income securities and certain derivatives. In addition, brokerage commissions do not reflect other elements of transaction costs, including the extent to which the fund’s purchase and sale transactions may change the market price for an investment (the “market impact”).

11 P R O S P E C T U S

* Portfolio holdings. The SAI includes a description of each fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio holdings. For information on each fund’s portfolio, you may visit the Putnam Investments website, www.putnam.com/individual, where each fund’s top 10 holdings and other portfolio information may be viewed monthly beginning approximately 15 days after the end of each month. This information will remain available on the website until the fund files a Form N-CSR or N-Q with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for the period that includes the date of the information.

Who manages the funds?

Each fund’s Trustees oversee the general conduct of the fund’s business. The Trustees have retained Putnam Management to be each fund’s investment manager, responsible for making investment decisions for the fund and managing the fund’s other affairs and business. The basis for the Trustees’ approval of each fund’s management contract is discussed in each fund’s annual report to shareholders dated 9/30/05. Each fund pays Putnam Management a quarterly management fee for these services based on each fund’s average net assets. The Money Market Fund paid Putnam Management a management fee (after applicable waivers) of 0.31% of average net assets for the fund’s last fiscal year. The Money Market Fund has entered into a new management agreement with Putnam Management that is expected to result in lower management fees. See “Fees and expenses.” The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund paid Putnam Management a management fee (after applicable waivers) of 0.31% of average net assets for the fund’s last fiscal year. Putnam Management’s address is One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109.

* Compensation of investment professionals. Putnam Management believes that its investment management teams should be compensated primarily based on their success in helping investors achieve their goals. The portion of Putnam Investments’ total incentive compensation pool that is available to Putnam Management’s Investment Division is based primarily on its delivery, across all of the portfolios it manages, of consistent, dependable and superior performance over time. The peer group for each of the Money Market Fund and the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund, Money Market Funds and the Tax Exempt Money Market Funds, respectively, is its broad investment category as determined by Lipper Inc. The portion of the incentive compensation pool available to your investment management team varies based primarily on its delivery,

12 P R O S P E C T U S

across all of the portfolios it manages, of consistent, dependable and superior performance over time. Performance is measured for this purpose on a before-tax basis for the Money Market Fund, and on a tax-adjusted basis to recognize the different federal income tax treatment for capital gains distributions and exempt-interest distributions for the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund.

* Consistent performance means being above median over one year.

* Dependable performance means not being in the 4th quartile of the peer group over one, three or five years.

* Superior performance (which is the largest component of Putnam Management’s incentive compensation program) means being in the top third of the peer group over three and five years.

In determining an investment management team’s portion of the incentive compensation pool and allocating that portion to individual team members, Putnam Management retains discretion to reward or penalize teams or individuals as it deems appropriate, based on other factors. The size of the overall incentive compensation pool each year is determined by Putnam Management’s parent company, Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc., and depends in large part on Putnam’s profitability for the year, which is influenced by assets under management. Incentive compensation is generally paid as cash bonuses, but a portion of incentive compensation may instead be paid as grants of restricted stock, options or other forms of compensation, based on the factors described above. In addition to incentive compensation, investment team members receive annual salaries that are typically based on seniority and experience. Incentive compensation generally represents at least 70% of the total compensation paid to investment team members.

* Regulatory matters and litigation. Putnam Management has entered into agreements with the SEC and the Massachusetts Securities Division settling charges connected with excessive short-term trading by Putnam employees and, in the case of the charges brought by the Massachusetts Securities Division, by participants in some Putnam-administered 401(k) plans. Pursuant to these settlement agreements, Putnam Management will pay a total of $193.5 million in penalties and restitution, with $153.5 million being paid to certain open-end funds and their shareholders. The amount will be allocated to shareholders and funds pursuant to a plan developed by an independent consultant, and will be paid following approval of the plan by the SEC and the Massachusetts Securities Division.

13 P R O S P E C T U S

The SEC’s and Massachusetts Securities Division’s allegations and related matters also serve as the general basis for numerous lawsuits, including purported class action lawsuits filed against Putnam Management and certain related parties, including certain Putnam funds. Putnam Management will bear any costs incurred by Putnam funds in connection with these lawsuits. Putnam Management believes that the likelihood that the pending private lawsuits and purported class action lawsuits will have a material adverse financial impact on the funds is remote, and the pending actions are not likely to materially affect its ability to provide investment management services to its clients, including the Putnam funds.

How does a fund price its shares?

The price of a fund’s shares is based on its net asset value (NAV). The NAV per share of each class equals the total value of its assets, less its liabilities, divided by the number of its outstanding shares. Shares are only valued as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) each day the exchange is open.

Each fund values its investments at amortized cost, which approximates market value.

How do I buy fund shares?

You can open a fund account with as little as $500 and make additional investments at any time with as little as $50 ($25 through systematic investing). Shares are sold at a NAV of $1.00 per share, without any initial sales charge.

You can buy shares:

* Through a financial advisor. Your advisor will be responsible for furnishing all necessary documents to Putnam Investor Services, and may charge you for his or her services.

* Through systematic investing. You can make regular investments of $25 or more weekly, semi-monthly or monthly through automatic deductions from your bank checking or savings account. Application forms are available through your advisor or Putnam Investor Services at 1-800-225-1581. (Not available for class B and class C shares of the Money Market Fund.)

14 P R O S P E C T U S

* Subsequent investments via the Internet. If you have an existing Putnam fund account and you have completed and returned an Electronic Investment Authorization Form, you can buy additional shares online at www.putnam.com. For more information, contact your advisor or Putnam Investor Services at 1-800-225-1581.

You may also complete an order form and write a check for the amount you wish to invest, payable to the appropriate fund. Return the check and completed form to Putnam Investor Services.

Mutual funds must obtain and verify information that identifies investors opening new accounts. If the fund is unable to collect the required information, Putnam Investor Services may not be able to open your fund account. Investors must provide their full name, residential or business address, Social Security or tax identification number, and date of birth. Entities, such as trusts, estates, corporations and partnerships, must also provide other identifying information. Putnam Investor Services may share identifying information with third parties for the purpose of verification. If Putnam Investor Services cannot verify identifying information after opening your account, the fund reserves the right to close your account.

By mail. Complete an order form and send it to Putnam Investor Services with your check, Federal Reserve Draft or other negotiable bank draft drawn on a U.S. bank and payable in U.S. dollars to the order of the fund whose shares you want to buy. If you pay by Federal Reserve Draft, the fund will accept your order on the day it is received if the order is received before the close of regular trading on the NYSE. If you pay by check or other draft, the fund’s designated bank will make same-day funds available to the fund on the first business day after receipt of your check or draft, and the fund will then accept your order.

By wire transfer. You may buy fund shares by bank wire transfer of same-day funds. See the order form for wiring instructions. Any commercial bank can transfer same-day funds by wire. The fund will normally accept wired funds for investment on the day received if they are received by the fund’s designated bank by 3 p.m. Boston time. Your bank may charge you for wiring same-day funds. Although the fund’s designated bank does not currently charge you for receiving same-day funds, it reserves the right to charge for this service. You cannot buy shares for tax-qualified retirement plans by wire transfer.

To eliminate the need for safekeeping, the funds will not issue certificates for shares.

15 P R O S P E C T U S

Each fund may periodically close to new purchases of shares or refuse any order to buy shares if the fund determines that doing so would be in the best interests of the fund and its shareholders.

WHICH CLASS OF SHARES IS BEST FOR ME?

This prospectus offers class A shares of the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund and a choice of five classes of fund shares of the Money Market Fund: A, B, C, M and T. Qualified employee-benefit plans may also choose class R shares.

For the Money Market Fund, this allows you to choose among different types of deferred sales charges and different levels of ongoing operating expenses, as illustrated in the “Fees and expenses” section. The class of shares that is best for you depends on a number of factors, including the amount you plan to invest and how long you plan to hold the shares. Please consult your financial advisor as to which share class is most appropriate for you. Class B and C shares of the Money Market Fund are offered only under special circumstances described later in this section.

Money Market Fund (class A, M and T shares only) and Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund

Unless otherwise agreed with Putnam Retail Management, a deferred sales charge of 1.00% may apply to class A and T shares obtained by exchanging shares from another Putnam fund that were originally purchased without an initial sales charge, if the shares are redeemed within 18 months of the original purchase. A different contingent deferred sales charge may apply to class A or T shares obtained by exchanging shares of another Putnam fund that were purchased prior to October 3, 2005. Please see the SAI for more information. A deferred sales charge of 0.15% may apply to class M shares that were obtained by exchanging shares from another Putnam fund that were originally purchased without a sales charge for certain rollover accounts if redeemed within one year of purchase.

Shares not subject to any charge will be redeemed first, followed by shares held the longest. The deferred sales charge will be based on the lower of the shares’ original cost and current NAV, because you may have acquired the shares in an exchange from a fund whose share values fluctuated. You may sell shares acquired by reinvestment of distributions without a charge at any time.

16 P R O S P E C T U S

Orders for class M shares of one or more Putnam funds, other than class M shares sold to qualified employee-benefit plans, will be refused when the total value of the purchase, plus existing account balances that are eligible to be linked under a right of accumulation for purchases of class M shares, is $1,000,000 or more. Investors considering cumulative purchases of $1,000,000 or more should consider whether class A shares would be more advantageous and consult their financial advisor.

Money Market Fund (class B and C shares only)

You can buy class B or class C shares of the Money Market Fund only by:

* opening a dollar cost averaging account in which the entire amount invested will be reinvested in class B shares and class C shares, as appropriate, of other Putnam funds within 24 months after the initial purchase, or

* exchange of class B or class C shares from another Putnam fund.

If you sell (redeem) class B shares within six years after you bought them, you will pay a deferred sales charge according to the following schedule:

Year after purchase	1	2	3	4	5	6	7+

Charge	5%	4%	3%	3%	2%	1%	0%

Shares not subject to any charge will be redeemed first, followed by shares held longest. The deferred sales charge will be based on the lower of the shares’ original cost and current NAV, because you may have acquired the shares in an exchange from a fund whose share values fluctuated. You may sell shares acquired by reinvestment of distributions without a charge at any time.

If you sell (redeem) class C shares within one year after you bought them, you will pay a deferred sales charge of 1.00% .

Orders for class B shares of one or more Putnam funds will be refused when the total value of the purchase, plus existing account balances that are eligible to be linked under a right of accumulation for purchases of class A shares, is $100,000 or more. Investors considering cumulative purchases of $100,000 or more should consider whether class A shares would be more advantageous and consult their financial advisor.

Class B shares convert automatically to class A shares after 8 years, eliminating the 12b-1 fee.

17 P R O S P E C T U S

Orders for class C shares of one or more Putnam funds will be refused when the total value of the purchase, plus existing account balances that are eligible to be linked under a right of accumulation for purchases of class A shares, is $1,000,000 or more. Investors considering cumulative purchases of $1,000,000 or more should consider whether class A shares would be more advantageous and consult their financial advisor.

* General (all classes). Because each fund seeks to be fully invested at all times, a fund only sells shares to you when it receives “same-day funds,” which are monies that are credited to the fund’s designated bank account at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. If a fund receives same-day funds before the close of trading on the NYSE, it will accept the order to buy shares that day.

* You may be eligible for reductions and waivers of deferred sales charges. Deferred sales charges may be reduced or waived under certain circumstances and for certain categories of investors. Information about reductions and waivers of sales charges is included in the SAI. You may consult your financial advisor or Putnam Retail Management for assistance.

* Distribution (12b-1) plans. Putnam Money Market Fund has adopted distribution plans to pay for the marketing of its class B, class C, class M, class R and class T shares and for services provided to shareholders. The plans provide for payments at annual rates (based on average net assets) of up to 0.75% on class B shares, 0.35% on class T shares and 1.00% on class C, class M and class R shares. The Trustees currently limit payments on class M shares to 0.15%, on class T shares to 0.25% and on class B, class C shares and class R shares to 0.50% of average net assets, respectively. Because these fees are paid out of the fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, they will increase the cost of your investment. The higher fees for class B, class C, class M, class R and class T shares means they have higher expense ratios and lower dividends than class A shares. Because class C, class M, class R and class T shares, unlike class B shares, do not convert to class A shares, class C, class M, class R and class T shares may cost you more over time than class B shares.

Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund has adopted a distribution plan to pay for the marketing of its shares and for services provided to shareholders. The plan provides for payments at annual rates (based on average net assets) of up to 0.35%, although the fund is not currently making payments under the plan.

18 P R O S P E C T U S

Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates also pay additional compensation to selected dealers in recognition of their marketing support and/or program servicing (each of which is described in more detail below). These payments may create an incentive for a dealer firm or its representatives to recommend or offer shares of the fund or other Putnam funds to its customers. These additional payments are made by Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates and do not increase the amount paid by you or the fund as shown under the heading “Fees and expenses.”

The additional payments to dealers by Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates are generally based on one or more of the following factors: average net assets of a fund attributable to that dealer, sales of a fund attributable to that dealer, or reimbursement of ticket charges (fees that a dealer firm charges its representatives for effecting transactions in fund shares), or on the basis of a negotiated lump sum payment for services provided.

Marketing support payments, which are generally available to most dealers engaging in significant sales of Putnam fund shares, are not expected, with certain limited exceptions, to exceed 0.085% of the average net assets of Putnam’s retail mutual funds attributable to that dealer on an annual basis.

Program servicing payments, which are paid in some instances to third parties in connection with investments in the fund by retirement plans and other investment programs, are not expected, with certain limited exceptions, to exceed 0.15% of the total assets in the program on an annual basis.

Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates may make other payments or allow other promotional incentives to dealers to the extent permitted by SEC and NASD rules and by other applicable laws and regulations. Certain dealers also receive payments in recognition of subaccounting or other services they provide to shareholders or plan participants who invest in the fund or other Putnam funds through their retirement plan.

19 P R O S P E C T U S

See the discussion in the SAI under the heading “Management — Investor Servicing Agent and Custodian” for more details.

You can find more details in the SAI about the payments made by Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates and the services provided by your dealer. Your dealer may charge you fees or commissions in addition to those disclosed in this prospectus. You can also ask your dealer about any payments it receives from Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates and any services your dealer provides, as well as about fees and/or commissions it charges.

How do I sell fund shares?

You can sell your shares back to the appropriate fund any day the NYSE is open, either through your financial advisor or directly to the fund. Payment for redemption may be delayed until the fund collects the purchase price of shares, which may be up to 10 calendar days after the purchase date.

* Selling shares through your financial advisor. Your advisor must receive your request in proper form before the close of regular trading on the NYSE for you to receive that day’s NAV, less any applicable deferred sales charge. Your advisor will be responsible for furnishing all necessary documents to Putnam Investor Services on a timely basis and may charge you for his or her services.

* Selling shares directly to the fund. Putnam Investor Services must receive your request in proper form before the close of regular trading on the NYSE in order to receive that day’s NAV, less any applicable sales charge.

By mail. Send a letter of instruction signed by all registered owners or their legal representatives to Putnam Investor Services.

By telephone. You may use Putnam’s telephone redemption privilege to redeem shares valued at less than $100,000 unless you have notified Putnam Investor Services of an address change within the preceding 15 days, in which case other requirements may apply. Unless you indicate otherwise on the account application, Putnam Investor Services will be authorized to accept redemption instructions received by telephone. The telephone redemption privilege may be modified or terminated without notice.

20 P R O S P E C T U S

* Selling shares by check. If you would like to use the check-writing service, mark the proper box on the application or authorization form and complete the signature card (and, if applicable, the resolution). The fund will send you checks when it receives these properly completed documents. You can then make the checks for $250 or more payable to the order of anyone. The fund will redeem a sufficient number of full and fractional shares in your account at the next NAV that is calculated after the check is accepted to cover the amount of the check and any applicable deferred sales charge.

The use of checks is subject to the rules of your fund’s designated bank for its checking accounts. If you do not have a sufficient number of shares in your account to cover the amount of the check and any applicable deferred sales charge, the check will be returned and no shares will be redeemed. Because it is not possible to determine your account’s value in advance, you should not write a check for the entire value of your account or try to close your account by writing a check. The funds may change or end check-writing privileges at any time without notice. The check-writing service is not available for tax-qualified retirement plans.

* Additional requirements. In certain situations, for example, if you sell shares with a value of $100,000 or more, the signatures of all registered owners or their legal representatives must be guaranteed by a bank, broker-dealer or certain other financial institutions. In addition, Putnam Investor Services usually requires additional documents for the sale of shares by a corporation, partnership, agent or fiduciary, or a surviving joint owner. For more information concerning Putnam’s signature guarantee and documentation requirements, contact Putnam Investor Services.

* Payment information. A fund generally sends you payment for your shares the business day after your request is received. Under unusual circumstances, the fund may suspend redemptions, or postpone payment for more than seven days, as permitted by federal securities law.

* Redemption by the fund. If you own fewer shares than the minimum set by the Trustees (presently 500 shares), a fund may redeem your shares without your permission and send you the proceeds. To the extent permitted by applicable law, each fund may also redeem shares if you own more than a maximum amount set by the Trustees. There is presently no maximum, but the Trustees could set a maximum that would apply to both present and future shareholders.

21 P R O S P E C T U S

How do I exchange fund shares?

If you want to switch your investment from one Putnam fund to another, you can exchange your fund shares for shares of the same class of another Putnam fund. Class T shares may also be exchanged for class A shares of any other fund that offers class A shares. Not all Putnam funds offer all classes of shares or are open to new investors. Shareholders of the class A, class M or class T shares of the funds will, in most cases, be required to pay a sales charge, which varies depending on the fund to which they exchange shares and the amount exchanged. If you exchange shares subject to a deferred sales charge, the transaction will not be subject to the deferred sales charge. When you redeem the shares acquired through the exchange, the redemption may be subject to the deferred sales charge, depending upon when you originally purchased the shares. The deferred sales charge will be computed using the schedule of any fund into or from which you have exchanged your shares that would result in your paying the highest deferred sales charge applicable to your class of shares. For purposes of computing the deferred sales charge, the length of time you have owned your shares will be measured from the date of original purchase and will not be affected by any subsequent exchanges among funds. Class A shares of most other Putnam funds bear a 12b-1 fee, and class B, class C and class M shares of most other Putnam funds bear a higher 12b-1 fee than class B, class C and class M shares of the Money Market Fund.

To exchange your shares, complete and return an Exchange Authorization Form, which is available from Putnam Investor Services. A telephone exchange privilege is currently available for amounts up to $500,000. The telephone exchange privilege is not available if the fund issued certificates for your shares. You may also exchange shares via the Internet at www.putnam.com. Ask your financial advisor or Putnam Investor Services for prospectuses of other Putnam funds. Some Putnam funds are not available in all states.

* Policy on excessive short-term trading. Because each fund is a money market fund that investors may seek to use as a source of short-term liquidity, Putnam Management and the funds’ trustees have not adopted policies to discourage short-term trading in the funds. Because very large cash flows based on short-term trading may, under some market conditions, decrease the fund’s performance, however, Putnam Management and the fund reserve the right to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount or number of exchanges or reject any exchange. The fund into which you would like to exchange may also

22 P R O S P E C T U S

reject your exchange. These actions may apply to all shareholders or only to those shareholders whose exchanges Putnam Management determines are likely to have a negative effect on the fund or other Putnam funds. Consult Putnam Investor Services before requesting an exchange.

Fund distributions and taxes

Each fund declares a distribution daily of all its net income. Each fund normally distributes any net investment income monthly. You may choose to:

* reinvest all distributions in additional shares;

* receive all distributions in cash.

If you do not select an option when you open your account, all distributions will be reinvested. If you do not cash a distribution check within a specified period or notify Putnam Investor Services to issue a new check, the distribution will be reinvested in the fund. You will not receive any interest on uncashed distribution or redemption checks. Similarly, if any correspondence sent by the fund or Putnam Investor Services is returned as “undeliverable,” fund distributions will automatically be reinvested in the fund or in another Putnam fund.

For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income (other than “exempt-interest dividends” as described below for the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund) are taxable as ordinary income. The funds do not expect to distribute gains taxable as capital gains, which would be subject to different tax treatment, as detailed in the SAI. Distributions are taxable whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares.

Fund distributions for the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund that are designated as “exempt-interest dividends” are not generally subject to federal income tax. However, if you receive social security or railroad retirement benefits, you should consult your tax advisor to determine what effect, if any, an investment in the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund may have on the federal taxation of your benefits. In addition, an investment in the fund may result in liability for federal alternative minimum tax, for both individual and corporate shareholders.

Distributions by the Money Market Fund to retirement plans that qualify for tax-exempt treatment under federal income tax laws will not be taxable. Special tax rules apply to investments through such plans. You should consult your tax advisor to determine the suitability of the fund as

23 P R O S P E C T U S

an investment through such a plan and the tax treatment of distributions (including distributions of amounts attributable to an investment in the fund) from such a plan.

The Money Market Fund’s investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes. In that case, the fund’s return on those investments would be decreased. Shareholders generally will not be entitled to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes.

Any gain resulting from the sale or exchange of your shares will generally also be subject to tax. You should consult your tax advisor for more information on your own tax situation, including possible foreign, state and local taxes.

Financial highlights

The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand each fund’s recent financial performance. Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. The total returns represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the fund, assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions. This information has been derived from each fund’s financial statements, which have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. Its report and each fund’s financial statements are included in each fund’s annual report to shareholders, which is available upon request.

24 P R O S P E C T U S

Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

Putnam Money Market Fund
CLASS A

PER-SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE

			Year ended
	9/30/05	9/30/04	9/30/03	9/30/02	9/30/01

Net asset value,
beginning of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Investment operations:
Net investment income	.0226(c)	.0068(c)	.0087	.0166	.0493

Net realized gain
on investments	—	—	—(d)	—	—

Total from
investment operations	.0226	.0068	.0087	.0166	.0493

Less distributions:
From net investment income	(.0226)	(.0068)	(.0087)	(.0166)	(.0493)

Total distributions	(.0226)	(.0068)	(.0087)	(.0166)	(.0493)

Net asset value,
end of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Total return
at net asset value (%)(a)	2.29	.68	.87	1.67	5.04


RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Net assets, end of period
(in thousands)	$3,087,756	$3,537,907	$4,745,555	$5,512,532	$5,215,127

Ratio of expenses to
average net assets (%)(b)	.53(c)	.53(c)	.52	.50	.50

Ratio of net investment income
to average net assets (%)	2.21(c)	.70(c)	.88	1.68	4.77

(a) Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

(b) Includes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements.

(c) Reflects waivers of certain fund expenses in connection with investments in Putnam Prime Money Market Fund during the period. As a result of such waivers, the expenses of the fund for the periods ended September 30, 2005 and September 30, 2004 reflect a reduction of less than 0.01% of average net assets for class A shares.

(d) Amount represents less than $0.0001 per share.

25 P R O S P E C T U S

Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

Putnam Money Market Fund

CLASS B

PER-SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE

			Year ended
	9/30/05	9/30/04	9/30/03	9/30/02	9/30/01

Net asset value,
beginning of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Investment operations:
Net investment income	.0176(c)	.0018(c)	.0037	.0116	.0443

Net realized gain
on investments	—	—	—(d)	—	—

Total from
investment operations	.0176	.0018	.0037	.0116	.0443

Less distributions:
From net investment income	(.0176)	(.0018)	(.0037)	(.0116)	(.0443)

Total distributions	(.0176)	(.0018)	(.0037)	(.0116)	(.0443)

Net asset value,
end of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Total return
at net asset value (%)(a)	1.78	.18	.37	1.16	4.52


RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Net assets, end of period
(in thousands)	$290,268	$520,456	$874,069	$1,193,459	$1,162,039

Ratio of expenses to
average net assets (%)(b)	1.03(c)	1.03(c)	1.02	1.00	1.00

Ratio of net investment income
to average net assets (%)	1.63(c)	.19(c)	.39	1.19	4.26

(a) Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

(b) Includes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements.

(d) Amount represents less than $0.0001 per share.

26 P R O S P E C T U S

Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

Putnam Money Market Fund

CLASS C

PER-SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE

			Year ended
	9/30/05	9/30/04	9/30/03	9/30/02	9/30/01

Net asset value,
beginning of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Investment operations:
Net investment income	.0176(c)	.0018(c)	.0037	.0116	.0444

Net realized gain
on investments	—	—	—(d)	—	—

Total from
investment operations	.0176	.0018	.0037	.0116	.0444

Less distributions:
From net investment income	(.0176)	(.0018)	(.0037)	(.0116)	(.0444)

Total distributions	(.0176)	(.0018)	(.0037)	(.0116)	(.0444)

Net asset value,
end of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Total return
at net asset value (%)(a)	1.78	.18	.37	1.17	4.53


RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Net assets, end of period
(in thousands)	$33,259	$40,935	$61,755	$79,227	$90,226

Ratio of expenses to
average net assets (%)(b)	1.03(c)	1.03(c)	1.02	1.00	1.00

Ratio of net investment income
to average net assets (%)	1.64(c)	.21(c)	.38	1.20	4.32

(a) Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

(b) Includes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements.

(d) Amount represents less than $0.0001 per share.

27 P R O S P E C T U S

Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

Putnam Money Market Fund

CLASS M

PER-SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE

			Year ended
	9/30/05	9/30/04	9/30/03	9/30/02	9/30/01

Net asset value,
beginning of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Investment operations:
Net investment income	.0211(c)	.0053(c)	.0072	.0151	.0478

Net realized gain
on investments	—	—	—(d)	—	—

Total from
investment operations	.0211	.0053	.0072	.0151	.0478

Less distributions:
From net investment income	(.0211)	(.0053)	(.0072)	(.0151)	(.0478)

Total distributions	(.0211)	(.0053)	(.0072)	(.0151)	(.0478)

Net asset value,
end of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Total return
at net asset value (%)(a)	2.13	.53	.72	1.52	4.89


RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Net assets, end of period
(in thousands)	$44,682	$54,390	$74,921	$105,938	$122,055

Ratio of expenses to
average net assets (%)(b)	.68(c)	.68(c)	.67	.65	.65

Ratio of net investment income
to average net assets (%)	2.05(c)	.55(c)	.74	1.55	4.70

(a) Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

(b) Includes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements.

(c) Reflects waivers of certain fund expenses in connection with investments in Putnam Prime Money Market Fund during the As a result of such waivers, the expenses of the fund for the periods ended September 30, 2005 and September 30, 2004 reflect reduction of less than 0.01% of average net assets for class M shares.

(d) Amount represents less than $0.0001 per share.

28 P R O S P E C T U S

Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

Putnam Money Market Fund

CLASS R

PER-SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE

	Year ended	Year ended	Period
	9/30/05	9/30/04	1/21/03†-9/30/03

Net asset value,
beginning of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Investment operations:
Net investment income	.0176(c)	.0027(c)	.0025

Net realized gain
on investments	—	—	—(d)

Total from
investment operations	.0176	.0027	.0025

Less distributions:
From net investment income	(.0176)	(.0027)	(.0025)

Total distributions	(.0176)	(.0027)	(.0025)

Net asset value,
end of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Total return
at net asset value (%)(a)	1.78	.27	.25*


RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Net assets, end of period
(in thousands)	$1,687	$131	$1

Ratio of expenses to
average net assets (%)(b)	1.03(c)	1.03(c)	.71*

Ratio of net investment income
to average net assets (%)	1.99(c)	.30(c)	.25*

* Not annualized.

† Commencement of operations.

(a) Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

(b) Includes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements.

(c) Reflects waivers of certain fund expenses in connection with investments in Putnam Prime Money Market Fund during the period As a result of such waivers, the expenses of the fund for the periods ended September 30, 2005 and September 30, 2004 reflect a reduction of less than 0.01% of average net assets for class R shares.

(d) Amount represents less than $0.0001 per share.

29 P R O S P E C T U S

Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

Putnam Money Market Fund

CLASS T

PER-SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE

				Period
	Year ended			12/31/01†-
	9/30/05	9/30/04	9/30/03	9/30/02

Net asset value,
beginning of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Investment operations:
Net investment income	.0201(c)	.0043(c)	.0062	.0092

Net realized gain
on investments	—	—	—(d)	—

Total from
investment operations	.0201	.0043	.0062	.0092

Less distributions:
From net investment income	(.0201)	(.0043)	(.0062)	(.0092)

Total distributions	(.0201)	(.0043)	(.0062)	(.0092)

Net asset value,
end of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Total return
at net asset value (%)(a)	2.03	.43	.62	.93*


RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Net assets, end of period
(in thousands)	$180,132	$124,394	$95,779	$12,130

Ratio of expenses to
average net assets (%)(b)	.78(c)	.78(c)	.77	.56*

Ratio of net investment income
to average net assets (%)	2.02(c)	.46(c)	.52	.88*

* Not annualized.

† Commencement of operations.

(a) Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

(b) Includes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements.

(d) Amount represents less than $0.0001 per share.

30 P R O S P E C T U S

Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund

CLASS A

PER-SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE

			Year ended
	9/30/05	9/30/04	9/30/03	9/30/02	9/30/01

Net asset value,
beginning of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Investment operations:
Net investment income	.0153(c,d)	.0044(c)	.0065(c)	.0114	.0286

Net realized gain
on investments	—	—	—(e)	—	—

Total from
investment operations	.0153	.0044	.0065	.0114	.0286

Less distributions:
From net investment income	(.0153)	(.0044)	(.0065)	(.0114)	(.0286)

Total distributions	(.0153)	(.0044)	(.0065)	(.0114)	(.0286)

Net asset value,
end of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Total return at
net asset value (%)(a)	1.54	.44	.65	1.15	2.90


RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Net assets, end of period
(in thousands)	$114,429	$124,293	$148,603	$113,068	$105,637

Ratio of expenses to
average net assets (%)(b)	.55(c,d)	.60(c)	.64(c)	.76	.73

Ratio of net investment income
to average net assets (%)	1.51(c,d)	.47(c)	.62(c)	1.08	2.87

(a) Total return assumes dividend reinvestment.

(b) Includes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements.

(c) Reflects an involuntary contractual expense limitation in effect during the period. As a result of such limitation, the expenses of the fund for the periods ended September 30, 2005, September 30, 2004 and September 30, 2003 reflect a reduction of 0.12%, 0.20% and 0.15%, respectively, of average net assets for class A shares.

(d) Reflects a voluntary waiver of fund expenses in effect from July 1, 2005 through December 31, 2005. As a result of this waiver, the expenses of the fund for the period ended September 30, 2005 reflect a reduction of 0.02% of average net assets of class A shares.

(e) Amount represents less than $0.0001 per share.

31 P R O S P E C T U S

For more information about Putnam
Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund

Each fund’s statement of additional information (SAI) and annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders include additional information about the fund. The SAI, the independent registered public accounting firm’s report and the financial statements included in each fund’s most recent annual report to its shareholders, are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, which means they are part of this prospectus for legal purposes. Each fund’s annual report discusses the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. You may get free copies of these materials, request other information about any Putnam fund, or make shareholder inquiries, by contacting your finan-cial advisor, by visiting Putnam’s website at www.putnam.com/individual, or by calling Putnam toll-free at 1-800-225-1581.

You may review and copy information about a fund, including its SAI, at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. You may call the Commission at 1-202-942-8090 for information about the operation of the Public Reference Room. You may also access reports and other information about the fund on the EDGAR Database on the Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov. You may get copies of this information, with payment of a duplication fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Commission’s Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102. You may need to refer to the fund’s file number.

One Post Office Square
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
1-800-225-1581

Address correspondence to
Putnam Investor Services
P.O. Box 41203
Providence, Rhode Island 02940-1203

www.putnam.com

Putnam Money Market Fund — File No. 811-02608

Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund —

File No. 811-05215 230960 1/06

Prospectus

1/30/06

Putnam Money
Market Fund

Class A shares — for eligible retirement plans

Investment Category: Capital Preservation

This prospectus explains what you should know about this mutual fund before you invest. Please read it carefully. This prospectus only offers class A shares of the fund.

Putnam Investment Management, LLC (Putnam Management), which has managed mutual funds since 1937, manages the fund.

	CONTENTS
2	Fund summary
2	Goal
2	Main investment strategies
2	Main risks
2	Performance information
3	Fees and expenses
4	What are the fund’s main
	investment strategies and
	related risks
6	Who manages the fund?
8	How does the fund price
	its shares?
8	How do I buy fund shares?
10	How do I sell fund shares?
11	How do I exchange fund shares?
11	Fund distributions and taxes
12	Financial highlights

Fund summary

GOAL

The fund seeks as high a rate of current income as we believe is consistent with preservation of capital and maintenance of liquidity.

MAIN INVESTMENT STRATEGIES — INCOME

We invest mainly in instruments that:

* are high quality, and

* have short-term maturity.

MAIN RISKS

The main risks that could adversely affect the value of the fund’s shares and the total return on your investment include:

* The risk that the effects of inflation may erode the value of your investment over time.

The fund may not achieve its goal, and is not intended as a complete investment program. An investment in the fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Although the fund seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in the fund.

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

The following information provides some indication of the fund’s risks. The chart shows year-to-year changes in the performance of the fund’s class A shares. The table following the chart compares the fund’s performance to that of a broad measure of market performance and a peer group of funds. Of course, a fund’s past performance is not an indication of future performance.

2 P R O S P E C T U S

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a quarter was 1.59% (quarter ending 12/31/00) and the lowest return for a quarter was 0.15% (quarter ending 3/31/04).

Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ending 12/31/05)

	Past	Past	Past
	1 year	5 years	10 years

Class A	2.81%	1.96%	3.62%
Merrill Lynch 91-Day
Treasury Bill Index
(no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)	3.06%	2.34%	3.85%
Lipper Money Market
Funds Average
(no deduction for taxes)	2.37%	1.59%	3.32%

The fund’s performance is compared to the Merrill Lynch 91-Day Treasury Bill Index, an unmanaged index that seeks to measure the performance of U.S. Treasury bills currently available in the marketplace. The fund’s performance is also compared to the Lipper Money Market Funds Average, an arithmetic average of the total return of all mutual funds in Lipper’s Money Market Funds category.

FEES AND EXPENSES

This table summarizes the fees and expenses you may pay if you invest in class A shares of the fund. Except as noted, expenses are based on the fund’s last fiscal year.

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Maximum Sales Charge (Load)				NONE

Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load)				NONE


Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that are deducted from fund assets)*

		Distri-
		bution		Total Annual
	Management	(12b-1)	Other	Fund Operating
	Fees	Fees	Expenses	Expenses

Class A	0.30%	NONE	0.21%	0.51%

* Restated to reflect fees under the fund’s current management agreement.

3 P R O S P E C T U S

EXAMPLE

The example translates the expenses shown in the preceding table into dollar amounts. By doing this, you can more easily compare the cost of investing in the fund to the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example makes certain assumptions. It assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods shown and then redeem all your shares at the end of those periods. It also assumes a 5.00% return on your investment each year and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The example is hypothetical; your actual costs and returns may be higher or lower.


	1 year	3 years	5 years	10 years

Class A	$52	$164	$285	$640

What are the fund’s main investment strategies and related risks?

Any investment carries with it some level of risk that generally reflects its potential for reward. We pursue the fund’s goal by investing in money market investments, such as certificates of deposit, commercial paper (including asset-backed commercial paper), U.S. government debt and repurchase agreements, corporate obligations and bankers acceptances issued by banks with deposits in excess of $2 billion (or the foreign currency equivalent) at the close of the last calendar year. If the Trustees change this minimum deposit requirement, shareholders would be notified. We will consider, among other things, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks as well as general market conditions when deciding whether to buy or sell investments for the fund. A description of the risks associated with the fund’s main investment strategies follows.

4 P R O S P E C T U S

* Interest rate risk. The values of money market investments usually rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Declining interest rates generally increase the value of existing money market investments, and rising interest rates generally decrease the value of existing money market investments. Changes in the values of money market investments usually will not affect the amount of income the fund receives from them, but could affect the value of the fund’s shares. Interest rate risk is generally lowest for investments with short maturities, and the short-term nature of money market investments is designed to reduce this risk.

The fund’s average portfolio maturity will not exceed 90 days and the fund may not hold an investment with more than 397 days remaining to maturity. These short-term investments generally have lower yields than longer-term investments.

* Credit quality.

The fund buys only high quality investments. These are:

* rated in one of the two highest categories by at least two nationally recognized rating services,

* rated by one rating service in one of the service’s two highest categories (if only one rating service has provided a rating) or

* unrated investments that we determine are of equivalent quality.

The credit quality of an investment may be supported or enhanced by another company or financial institution through the use of a letter of credit or similar arrangements. The main risk in investments backed by a letter of credit is that the provider of the letter of credit will not be able to fulfill its obligations to the issuer.

5 P R O S P E C T U S

* Alternative strategies. At times we may judge that market conditions make pursuing the fund’s usual investment strategies inconsistent with the best interests of its shareholders. We then may temporarily use alternative strategies that are mainly designed to limit losses. However, we may choose not to use these strategies for a variety of reasons, even in very volatile market conditions. These strategies may cause the fund to miss out on investment opportunities and may prevent the fund from achieving its goal.

* Changes in policies. The Trustees may change the fund’s goal, investment strategies and other policies without shareholder approval, except as otherwise indicated.

* Portfolio transactions. Transactions on stock exchanges, commodities markets and futures markets involve the payment by the fund of brokerage commissions. The fund paid no brokerage commissions during the last fiscal year. Additional information regarding Putnam’s brokerage selection procedures is included in the SAI.

Investors should exercise caution in comparing brokerage commissions and combined expenses for different types of funds. For example, while brokerage commissions represent one component of the fund’s transaction costs, they do not reflect any undisclosed amount of profit or “mark-up” included in the price paid by the fund for principal transactions (transactions made directly with a dealer or other counterparty), including most fixed income securities and certain derivatives. In addition, brokerage commissions do not reflect other elements of transaction costs, including the extent to which the fund’s purchase and sale transactions may change the market price for an investment (the “market impact”).

* Portfolio holdings. The SAI includes a description of the fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio holdings. For information on the fund’s portfolio, you may visit the Putnam Investments website, www.putnam.com/individual, where the fund’s top 10 holdings and other portfolio information may be viewed monthly beginning approximately 15 days after the end of each month. This information will remain available on the website until the fund files a Form N-CSR or N-Q with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for the period that includes the date of the information.

Who manages the fund?

The fund’s Trustees oversee the general conduct of the fund’s business. The Trustees have retained Putnam Management to be the fund’s investment manager, responsible for making investment decisions for the fund and managing the fund’s other affairs and business. The basis

6 P R O S P E C T U S

for the Trustees’ approval of the fund’s management contract is discussed in the fund’s annual report to shareholders dated 9/30/05. The fund pays Putnam Management a quarterly management fee for these services based on the fund’s average net assets. The fund paid Putnam Management a management fee (after applicable waivers) of 0.31% of average net assets for the fund’s last fiscal year. The fund has entered into a new management agreement with Putnam Management that is expected to result in lower management fees. See “Fees and expenses.” Putnam Management’s address is One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109.

* Compensation of investment professionals. Putnam Management believes that its investment management teams should be compensated primarily based on their success in helping investors achieve their goals. The portion of Putnam Investments’ total incentive compensation pool that is available to Putnam Management’s Investment Division is based primarily on its delivery, across all of the portfolios it manages, of consistent, dependable and superior performance over time. The peer group for the fund, Money Market Funds, is its broad investment category as determined by Lipper Inc. The portion of the incentive compensation pool available to your investment management team varies based primarily on its delivery, across all of the portfolios it manages, of consistent, dependable and superior performance over time on a before-tax basis.

* Consistent performance means being above median over one year.

* Dependable performance means not being in the 4th quartile of the peer group over one, three or five years.

* Superior performance (which is the largest component of Putnam Management’s incentive compensation program) means being in the top third of the peer group over three and five years.

7 P R O S P E C T U S

Incentive compensation generally represents at least 70% of the total compensation paid to investment team members.

The SEC’s and Massachusetts Securities Division’s allegations and related matters also serve as the general basis for numerous lawsuits, including purported class action lawsuits filed against Putnam Management and certain related parties, including certain Putnam funds. Putnam Management will bear any costs incurred by Putnam funds in connection with these lawsuits. Putnam Management believes that the likelihood that the pending private lawsuits and purported class action lawsuits will have a material adverse financial impact on the fund is remote, and the pending actions are not likely to materially affect its ability to provide investment management services to its clients, including the Putnam funds.

How does the fund price its shares?

The price of the fund’s shares is based on its net asset value (NAV). The NAV per share equals the total value of its assets, less its liabilities, divided by the number of its outstanding shares. Shares are only valued as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange each day the exchange is open.

The fund values its investments at amortized cost, which approximates market value.

How do I buy fund shares?

All orders to purchase shares must be made through your employer’s retirement plan. For more information about how to purchase shares of the fund through your employer’s plan or limitations on the amount that may be purchased, please consult your employer.

Putnam Retail Management generally must receive your plan’s completed buy order before the close of regular trading on the NYSE for shares to be bought at that day’s offering price.

8 P R O S P E C T U S

To eliminate the need for safekeeping, the fund will not issue certificates for shares.

The fund may periodically close to new purchases of shares or refuse any order to buy shares if the fund determines that doing so would be in the best interests of the fund and its shareholders.

* Eligible retirement plans. An employer-sponsored retirement plan is eligible to purchase class A shares without an initial sales charge through this prospectus if its plan administrator or dealer of record has entered into an agreement with Putnam Retail Management or it invests at least $1 million in class A shares of the fund or other Putnam funds.

College savings plans qualifying under Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code and, if approved by Putnam Retail Management, other Putnam funds and Putnam investment products are eligible to purchase class A shares.

* Payments to dealers. If you purchase your shares through a dealer (the term “dealer” includes any broker, dealer, bank, bank trust department, registered investment advisor, financial planner, retirement plan administrator and any other institution having a selling, services or any similar agreement with Putnam Retail Management or one of its affiliates), your dealer generally receives payments from Putnam Retail Management representing some or all of the sales charges and distribution (12b-1) fees, if any, shown in the tables under the heading “Fees and expenses” at the front of this prospectus.

Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates also pay additional compensation to selected dealers in recognition of their marketing support and/or program servicing (each of which is described in more detail below). These payments may create an incentive for a dealer firm or its representatives to recommend or offer shares of the fund or other Putnam funds to its customers. These additional payments are made by Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates and do not increase the amount paid by you or the fund as shown under the heading “Fees and expenses.”

9 P R O S P E C T U S

The additional payments to dealers by Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates are generally based on one or more of the following factors: average net assets of a fund attributable to that dealer, sales of a fund attributable to that dealer, or reimbursement of ticket charges (fees that a dealer firm charges its representatives for effecting transactions in fund shares), or on the basis of a negotiated lump sum payment for services provided.

Marketing support payments, which are generally available to most dealers engaging in significant sales of Putnam fund shares, are not expected, with certain limited exceptions, to exceed 0.085% of the average net assets of Putnam’s retail mutual funds attributable to that dealer on an annual basis.

Program servicing payments, which are paid in some instances to third parties in connection with investments in the fund by retirement plans and other investment programs, are not expected, with certain limited exceptions, to exceed 0.15% of the total assets in the program on an annual basis.

How do I sell fund shares?

Subject to any restrictions imposed by your employer’s plan, you can sell your shares through the plan back to the fund any day the NYSE is open. For more information about how to sell shares of the fund through your employer’s plan, including any charges that the plan may impose, please consult your employer.

Your plan administrator must send a signed letter of instruction to Putnam Investor Services. The price you will receive is the next NAV per share calculated after the fund receives the instruction in

10 P R O S P E C T U S

proper form. In order to receive that day’s NAV, Putnam Investor Services must receive the instruction before the close of regular trading on the NYSE.

The fund generally sends payment for your shares the business day after your request is received. Under unusual circumstances, the fund may suspend redemptions, or postpone payment for more than seven days, as permitted by federal securities law.

How do I exchange fund shares?

Subject to any restrictions your plan imposes, you can exchange your fund shares for shares of other Putnam funds offered through your employer’s plan without a sales charge. Contact your plan administrator or Putnam Investor Services for more information.

* Policy on excessive short-term trading. Because the fund is a money market fund that investors may seek to use as a source of short-term liquidity, Putnam Management and the fund’s trustees have not adopted policies to discourage short-term trading in the fund. Because very large cash flows based on short-term trading may, under some market conditions, decrease the fund’s performance, however, Putnam Management and the fund reserve the right to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount or number of exchanges or reject any exchange. The fund into which you would like to exchange may also reject your exchange. These actions may apply to all shareholders or only to those shareholders whose exchanges Putnam Management determines are likely to have a negative effect on the fund or other Putnam funds. Consult Putnam Investor Services before requesting an exchange.

Fund distributions and taxes

The fund declares a distribution daily of all its net income. The fund normally distributes any net investment income monthly.

The terms of your employer’s plan will govern how your employer’s plan may receive distributions from the fund. Generally, periodic distributions from the fund to your employer’s plan are reinvested in additional fund shares, although your employer’s plan may permit you to receive fund distributions from net investment income in cash while reinvesting capital gains distributions in additional shares or to receive all fund distributions in cash. If you do not select another option, all distributions will be reinvested in additional fund shares.

Generally, for federal income tax purposes, fund distributions are taxable as ordinary income, except that any properly designated distributions of long-term capital gains will be taxed as such regardless of how long you have held your shares. However, distributions by the

11 P R O S P E C T U S

fund to retirement plans that qualify for tax-exempt treatment under federal income tax laws will not be taxable. Special tax rules apply to investments through such plans. You should consult your tax advisor to determine the suitability of the fund as an investment through such a plan and the tax treatment of distributions (including distributions of amounts attributable to an investment in the fund) from such a plan.

The fund’s investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes. In that case, the fund’s return on those investments would be decreased.

You should consult your tax advisor for more information on your own tax situation, including possible foreign, state and local taxes.

Financial highlights

The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the fund’s recent financial performance. Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. The total returns represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the fund, assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions. This information has been derived from the fund’s financial statements, which have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. Its report and the fund’s financial statements are included in the fund’s annual report to shareholders, which is available upon request.

12 P R O S P E C T U S

Financial highlights

(For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

CLASS A

PER-SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE

			Year ended
	9/30/05	9/30/04	9/30/03	9/30/02	9/30/01

Net asset value,
beginning of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Investment operations:
Net investment income	.0226(c)	.0068(c)	.0087	.0166	.0493

Net realized gain
on investments	—	—	—(d)	—	—

Total from
investment operations	.0226	.0068	.0087	.0166	.0493

Less distributions:
From net investment income	(.0226)	(.0068)	(.0087)	(.0166)	(.0493)

Total distributions	(.0226)	(.0068)	(.0087)	(.0166)	(.0493)

Net asset value,
end of period	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00	$1.00

Total return
at net asset value (%)(a)	2.29	.68	.87	1.67	5.04


RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Net assets, end of period
(in thousands)	$3,087,756	$3,537,907	$4,745,555	$5,512,532	$5,215,127

Ratio of expenses to
average net assets (%)(b)	.53(c)	.53(c)	.52	.50	.50

Ratio of net investment income
to average net assets (%)	2.21(c)	.70(c)	.88	1.68	4.77

(a) Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

(b) Includes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements.

(d) Amount represents less than $0.0001 per share.

13 P R O S P E C T U S

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For more information
about Putnam Money
Market Fund

The fund’s statement of additional information (SAI) and annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders include additional information about the fund. The SAI, the independent registered public accounting firm’s report and the financial statements included in the fund’s most recent annual report to its shareholders, are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, which means they are part of this prospectus for legal purposes. The fund’s annual report discusses the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. You may get free copies of these materials, request other information about any Putnam fund, or make shareholder inquiries, by visiting Putnam’s website at www.putnam.com/individual or by calling Putnam toll-free at 1-800-752-9894.

Putnam Defined Contribution Plans
One Post Office Square
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
1-800-752-9894

Address correspondence to
Putnam Investor Services
P.O. Box 9740
Providence, Rhode Island 02940-9740

www.putnam.com

DA039 230937 1/06 File No. 811-02608

Putnam Money Market Fund

Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund

FORM N-1A

PART B

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ("SAI")

January 30, ^2006

This SAI is not a prospectus. If a fund has more than one form of current prospectus, each reference to the prospectus in this SAI shall include all of the fund's prospectuses, unless otherwise noted. The SAI should be read together with the applicable prospectus. Certain disclosure has been incorporated by reference from the funds' annual reports. For a free copy of the funds' annual reports or a prospectus dated ^1/30/06, as revised from time to time, call Putnam Investor Services at 1-800-225-^1581, visit Putnam's website at www.putnam.com or write Putnam Investor Services, P.O. Box 41203, Providence, RI 02940-1203.

Part I of this SAI contains specific information about the funds. Part II includes information about these funds and the other Putnam funds.

502099

I-1

Table of Contents

PART I
FUND ORGANIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION^	I-3
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS^	I-4
CHARGES AND EXPENSES^	I-^5
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM AND FINANCIAL	I-^16
STATEMENTS^

PART II
MISCELLANEOUS INVESTMENTS, INVESTMENT PRACTICES AND RISKS^	II-1
TAXES^	II-^30
MANAGEMENT^	II-^37
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE^	II-^52
HOW TO BUY SHARES^	II-^54
ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS TO DEALERS^	II-^64
DISTRIBUTION PLANS^	II-^66
INVESTOR SERVICES^	II-^70
SIGNATURE GUARANTEES^	II-^74
SUSPENSION OF REDEMPTIONS^	II-^74
SHAREHOLDER LIABILITY^	II-^75
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO INFORMATION^	II-^75
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES^	II-^76
SECURITIES RATINGS^	II-^77
DEFINITIONS^	II-^81
APPENDIX A^	II-^82

I-2

SAI

PART I

FUND ORGANIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION

Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund are Massachusetts business trusts organized on November 25, 1975 and December 3, 1986, respectively. A copy of each Agreement and Declaration of Trust, which is governed by Massachusetts law, is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Each fund is an open-end management investment company with an unlimited number of authorized shares of beneficial interest. The Trustees may, without shareholder approval, create two or more series of shares representing separate investment portfolios. Any such series of shares may be divided without shareholder approval into two or more classes of shares having such preferences and special or relative rights and privileges as the Trustees determine. Each fund may offer classes of shares with different sales charges and expenses.

Each share has one vote, with fractional shares voting proportionally. Shares vote by individual series on all matters except (i) when required by the Investment Company Act of 1940, shares of all series shall be voted in the aggregate and (ii) when the Trustees have determined that the matter affects only the interests of one or more series, only shareholders of such series shall be entitled to vote. Shares of all classes will vote together as a single class except when otherwise required by law or as determined by the Trustees. Shares are freely transferable, are entitled to dividends as declared by the Trustees, and, if the ^fund were liquidated, would receive the net assets of the fund.

Each fund may suspend the sale of shares at any time and may refuse any order to purchase shares. Although each fund is not required to hold annual meetings of its shareholders, shareholders holding at least 10% of the outstanding shares entitled to vote have the right to call a meeting to elect or remove Trustees, or to take other actions as provided in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust. Each fund has voluntarily undertaken to hold a shareholder meeting at which the Board of Trustees would be elected at least every five years beginning in 2004.

Each fund is a "diversified" investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940. This means that with respect to 75% of its total assets, each fund may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one issuer (except U.S. government securities and securities issued by other investment companies). The remaining 25% of its total assets is not subject to this restriction. To the extent each fund invests a significant portion of its assets in the securities of a particular issuer, it will be subject to an increased risk of loss if the market value of such issuer's securities declines.

I-3

^INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

As fundamental investment restrictions, which may not be changed without a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities, the fund may not and will not:

(1) (For both funds) Borrow money in excess of 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (not including the amount borrowed) at the time the borrowing is made.

(2) (For both funds) Underwrite securities issued by other persons except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of its portfolio investments, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under federal securities laws.

(3a) (Money Market Fund) Purchase securities (other than securities of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities) if, as a result of such purchase, more than 25% of the fund's total assets would be invested in any one industry, except that the fund may invest up to 100% of its assets (i) in the banking industry, (ii) in the personal credit institution or business credit institution industries when in the opinion of management yield differentials make such investments desirable, or (iii) in any combination of these.

(3b) (Tax Exempt Money Market Fund) Purchase securities (other than securities of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities or tax exempt securities, except tax exempt securities backed only by the assets and revenues of nongovernmental issuers) if as a result of such purchase more than 25% of the fund's total assets would be invested in any one industry.

(4) (For both funds) Purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase securities of issuers which deal in real estate, securities which are secured by interests in real estate, and securities which represent interests in real estate, and it may acquire and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of its rights as a holder of debt obligations secured by real estate or interests therein.

(5a) (Money Market Fund) Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts.

(5b) (Tax Exempt Money Market Fund) Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts except financial futures contracts and related options.

(6) (For both funds) Make loans, except by purchase of debt obligations in which the fund may invest consistent with its investment policies (including without limitation debt obligations issued by other Putnam funds), by entering into repurchase agreements, or by lending its portfolio securities.

(7) (For both funds) With respect to 75% of its total assets, invest in securities of any issuer if, immediately after such investment, more than 5% of the total assets of the fund (taken at current value) would be invested in the securities of such issuer; provided that this limitation does not apply to obligations issued or guaranteed as to interest or principal by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities or to securities issued by other investment companies.

I-4

(8) (For both funds) With respect to 75% of its total assets, acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any issuer.

(9) (Tax Exempt Money Market Fund) Issue any class of securities which is senior to the fund's shares of beneficial interest, except for permitted borrowings.

The Investment Company Act of 1940 provides that a "vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" of a fund means the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding fund shares, or (2) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding fund shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy.

The following non-fundamental investment policies may be changed by the Trustees without shareholder approval:

(1) (For both funds) The funds will not invest in (a) securities which are not readily marketable, (b) securities restricted as to resale (excluding securities determined by the Trustees of the relevant fund (or the person designated by the Trustees of the relevant fund to make such determinations) to be readily marketable), and (c) repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days, if, as a result, more than ^10% of the fund's net assets (taken at current value) would be invested in securities described in (a), (b) and (c) above.

(2) (Money Market Fund) The fund will not acquire any securities of registered open-end investment companies or registered unit investment trusts in reliance on Sections 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

All percentage limitations on investments (other than pursuant to non-fundamental restriction (1)) will apply at the time of the making of an investment and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of such investment.

^CHARGES AND EXPENSES

Management fees

Each fund pays a quarterly fee to Putnam Management based on the average net assets of that fund, as determined at the close of each business day during the quarter, at the following rates expressed as a percentage of each fund's average net assets:

I-5

Money Market Fund

Contract date:^ January 1, 2006

0.50% of the first $100 million of the average net asset value of the Fund;^

0.40% of the next $100 million of such average net asset value;^

0.35% of the next $300 million of such average net asset value;^

0.325% of the next $500 million of such average net asset value;^

0.30% of the next $500 million of such average net asset value;

0.275% of the next $2.5 billion of such average net asset value;

0.25% of the next $2.5 billion of such average net asset value;

0.225% of the next $5 billion of such average net asset value;

0.205% of the next $5 billion of such average net asset value;

0.19% of the next $5 billion of such average net asset value; and

0.18% of any excess thereafter.

Tax Exempt Money Market Fund

Contract date: January 20, 1997

0.45% of the first $500 million;^

0.35% of the next $500 million;^

0.30% of the next $500 million;^

0.25% of the next $5 billion;^

0.225% of the next $5 billion;^

0.205% of the next $5 billion;^

0.19% of the next $5 billion; and^

0.18% thereafter.

I-6

For the past three fiscal years, pursuant to the management contract and, in the case of Putnam Money Market Fund, the management contract in effect prior to the January 1, 2006 amendment affecting the fee rates of this fund, under which the management fee payable to Putnam Management was paid at the following rates: 0.50% of the first $100 million; 0.40% of the next $100 million; 0.35% of the next $300 million; 0.325% of the next $500 million; and 0.30% thereafter, each fund incurred the following fees:

				Amount
		Management fee	Amount of	management fee
Fund name	Fiscal year	paid	management fee	would have been
			waived	without expense
				reduction

Money Market Fund	^2005	^$12,052,767	^$6,153	^$12,058,920

	2004	$15,518,966	$26,305	$15,545,271

	2003	$20,060,191	^N/A	^N/A

	^	^	^	^

^Fee waivers for investments in affiliated fund. The Money Market Fund invests a portion of its assets in Putnam Prime Money Market Fund. In connection with such investments, management fees paid by the fund are reduced by an amount equal to the management and administrative services fees paid by Putnam Prime Money Market Fund with respect to assets invested by the fund in Putnam Prime Money Market Fund. Net management fees paid for fiscal 2005 and 2004 reflect the waiver of $^6,153 and $26,305, respectively, in management fees otherwise payable by the fund to Putnam Management in respect of such investments.

				Amount
		Management fee	Amount of	management fee
Fund name	Fiscal year	paid	management fee	would have been
			waived	without expense
				reduction

Tax Exempt Money	^2005	^$375,340	^$174,493	^$549,833
Market Fund

	2004	$322,663	$263,690	$586,353

	2003	$340,723	$168,445	$509,168

	^	^	^	^

Expense ^limitations. In order to limit expenses, through September 30, 2006, Putnam Management has agreed to waive fees and reimburse expenses of each fund to the extent necessary to ensure that the fund pays total fund operating expenses at an annual rate that does not exceed the simple average of the expenses of all front-end load funds viewed by Lipper Inc. as having the same investment classification or objective as the fund (expressed in each case as a percentage of average net assets). For these purposes, total fund operating expenses of both the fund and the Lipper category average will be calculated without giving effect to 12b-1 fees or any expense offset and brokerage service arrangements that may reduce fund expenses, the Lipper category average will be calculated by Lipper each calendar quarter in accordance with Lipper’s standard method for comparing fund expenses based on expense information for the

I-7

most recent fiscal year of each fund included in that category, and the expense limitation will be updated as of the first business day after Lipper publishes the category average (generally shortly after the end of each calendar quarter).

In order to limit expenses for the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund, Putnam Management has agreed to limit its compensation (and, to the extent necessary, bear other expenses) through September 30, ^2006 to the extent that expenses of the fund (exclusive of brokerage, interest, taxes and extraordinary expenses) would exceed an annual rate of 0.60% of the fund's average net assets. For the purpose of determining ^such limitation on Putnam Management's compensation, expenses of the fund do not reflect the application of commissions or cash management credits that may reduce designated fund expenses.

Putnam Management agreed to limit its compensation (and, to the extent necessary, bear other expenses) in the additional amount of $46,531.94 for the period from July 1, 2005 through approximately December 31, 2005. Had such waivers not been in place, the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund’s performance would have been lower.

Brokerage commissions

The funds paid no brokerage commissions paid during fiscal ^2005, 2004 and ^2003. In addition, the funds placed no transactions with brokers and dealers during the most recent fiscal year in which commissions were paid to recognize research, statistical and quotation services received by Putnam Management and its affiliates.

At the end of fiscal ^2005, the Money Market Fund held securities valued at $^13,976,597, $^36,000,000, $^93,907,562, $20,004,491, $65,984,780, $144,093,552 and $^14, 500,000 of Bank of America Corp., The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., ^Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc.^, Citigroup, Inc., BNP Paribas SA, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter & Co. and Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc., respectively, ^seven of the fund's regular broker-dealers or affiliates thereof.

Administrative expense reimbursement

The funds reimbursed Putnam Management for administrative services during fiscal ^2005, including compensation of certain fund officers and contributions to the Putnam Investments Profit Sharing Retirement Plan for their benefit, as follows:

	Total	Portion of total reimbursement
Fund name	Reimbursement	for compensation and
		contributions

Money Market Fund	^$84,789	^$69,508

Tax Exempt Money Market Fund	^$20,633	^$16,914

^Trustee responsibilities and fees

The Trustees are responsible for generally overseeing the conduct of fund business. Subject to such policies as the Trustees may determine, Putnam Management furnishes a continuing

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investment program for the fund and makes investment decisions on its behalf. Subject to the control of the Trustees, Putnam Management also manages the fund's other affairs and business.

The table below shows the value of each Trustee's holdings in the fund and in all of the Putnam Funds as of December 31, ^2005.

Name of Trustee	Dollar range of Putnam	Aggregate dollar range of shares
	Money Market Fund shares	held in all of the Putnam funds
	owned	overseen by Trustee

Jameson A. Baxter	over $100,000	over $100,000

Charles B. Curtis	over $100,000	over $100,000

Myra R. Drucker	$1-$10,000	over $100,000

John A. Hill	over $100,000	over $100,000

^	^	^

Paul L. Joskow	over $100,000	over $100,000

Elizabeth T. Kennan	$10,001-$50,000	over $100,000

John H. Mullin, III	over $100,000	over $100,000

Robert E. Patterson	over $100,000	over $100,000

W. Thomas Stephens	$1-$10,000	over $100,000

Richard B. Worley	$1-$10,000	over $100,000

*Charles E. Haldeman, Jr.	$1-$10,000	over $100,000

*George Putnam, III	over $100,000	over $100,000


Name of Trustee	Dollar range of Putnam Tax	Aggregate dollar range of shares
	Exempt Money Market	held in all of the Putnam funds
	Fund shares owned	overseen by Trustee

Jameson A. Baxter	$1-$10,000	over $100,000

Charles B. Curtis	$1-$10,000	over $100,000

Myra R. Drucker	$1-$10,000	over $100,000

John A. Hill	over $100,000	over $100,000

^	^	^

Paul L. Joskow	$1-$10,000	over $100,000

Elizabeth T. Kennan	$1-$10,000	over $100,000

John H. Mullin, III	$1-$10,000	over $100,000

Robert E. Patterson	$1-$10,000	over $100,000

W. Thomas Stephens	over $100,000	over $100,000

Richard B. Worley	$1-$10,000	over $100,000

*Charles E. Haldeman, Jr.	$^10,001-$50,000	over $100,000

*George Putnam, III	$1-$10,000	over $100,000

* Trustees who are or may be deemed to be "interested persons" (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940) of the fund, Putnam Management, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership ("Putnam Retail Management") or Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc., the parent company of Putnam Investments and its affiliated companies. Messrs. Putnam, III and Haldeman are deemed ^"interested persons^" by virtue of their positions as officers of the fund, Putnam Management or Putnam Retail Management^ or shareholders of Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc. Mr. Haldeman is President and Chief Executive Officer of

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Putnam Investments. Mr. Putnam is the President of the fund and each of the other Putnam funds. The balance of the Trustees are not "interested persons."

Each independent Trustee of the fund receives an annual retainer fee and ^additional ^fees for each Trustees' meeting attended, for attendance at industry seminars and for certain compliance-related services. Independent Trustees who serve on board committees receive additional fees for attendance at certain committee meetings and for special services rendered in that connection. Independent Trustees also are reimbursed for costs incurred in connection with their services, including costs of travel, seminars and educational materials. All of the current independent Trustees of the fund are Trustees of all the Putnam funds and receive fees for their services. Mr. Putnam also receives the foregoing fees for his services as Trustee.

The Trustees periodically review their fees to ensure that such fees continue to be appropriate in light of their responsibilities as well as in relation to fees paid to trustees of other mutual fund complexes. The Board Policy and Nominating Committee, which consists solely of independent Trustees of the fund, estimates that committee and Trustee meeting time, together with the appropriate preparation, requires the equivalent of at least three business days per Trustee meeting. The standing committees of the Board of Trustees, and the number of times each committee met during your fund’s fiscal year, are shown in the table below:

	Audit and ^Compliance Committee *		^21

	Board Policy and Nominating Committee		^11

	Brokerage ^Committee **		7

^		^

	Contract Committee		^16

	Distributions Committee		^10

	Executive Committee		1

	Investment Oversight Committees		^38

	Marketing Committee***		16

	Pricing Committee*		21

	Shareholder Communications and Relations Committee***		16

	Investment Process Committee****		-

* Effective January 2006, the responsibilities of the Audit and Pricing Committee were divided between two separate committees, the Audit and Compliance Committee and the Pricing Committee. The number of meetings shown for each separate committee represents the number of meetings held during your fund’s last fiscal year by the combined Audit and Pricing Committee prior to the formation of the new committees.

** Effective January 2006, the Brokerage and Custody Committee was renamed the Brokerage Committee.

*** Effective January 2006, the responsibilities of the Communication, Service and Marketing Committee were divided between two separate committees, the Marketing Committee and the Shareholder Communications and Relations Committee. The number of meetings shown for each separate committee represents the number of meetings held during your fund’s last fiscal year by the combined Communication, Service and Marketing Committee prior to the formation of the new committees.

**** The Investment Process Committee began meeting in January 2006.

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The following table shows the year each Trustee was first elected a Trustee of the Putnam funds, the fees paid to each Trustee by the fund for fiscal ^2005, and the fees paid to each Trustee by all of the Putnam funds during calendar year ^2005:

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COMPENSATION TABLES

Money Market Fund

			Estimated
		Pension or	annual benefits	Total
	Aggregate	retirement	from all	compensation
	compensation	benefits accrued	Putnam funds	from all
Trustees/Year	from the	as part of fund	upon	Putnam
	fund(1)	expenses	retirement(2)	funds(3)(4)

Jameson A. Baxter/1994(^4)	^$4,619	^$1,487	^$110,500	^$237,250

Charles B. Curtis/2001	^5,217	^2,710	^113,900	^231,500

Myra R. Drucker/2004(^5)	^3,892	N/A	^N/A	^224,250

Charles E. Haldeman,			^N/A	^0
Jr./2004(^5)	^0	^0

John A. Hill/1985(^4)(^6)	^8,289	^1,934	^161,700	^422,813

Ronald J. Jackson/1996(^4)(7)	^3,653	^1,645	^107,400	^107,333

Paul L. Joskow/1997(^4)	^4,881	^1,547	^113,400	^228,500

Elizabeth T. Kennan/1992	^4,612	^1,912	^108,000	^229,250

^	^	^	^	^

John H. Mullin, III/1997(^4)	^4,528	^1,705	^107,400	^220,000

Robert E. Patterson/1984	^4,401	^1,036	^106,500	^222,000

George Putnam, III/1984(^6)	^5,223	^925	^130,300	^262,750

W. Thomas Stephens/1997(^4)	^4,493	^1,694	^107,100	^211,250

^	^	^	^	^

Richard B. Worley/2004(^5)	^3,838	N/A	^N/A	^218,750

(1)^ Estimated benefits for each Trustee are based on Trustee fee rates ^for calendar ^years 2003, 2004 and 2005. For Mr. ^Jackson, the annual benefits equal the actual benefits he is currently receiving under the Retirement Plan for Trustees of the Putnam funds.^

(^2) As of December 31, ^2005, there were ^108 funds in the Putnam family. For Mr. Hill, amounts shown also include compensation for service as ^Chairman of TH Lee, Putnam Emerging Opportunities Portfolio, a closed-end fund advised by an affiliate of Putnam Management.^

(^3) Includes amounts (ranging from approximately $^1,500 to $^15,250 per Trustee) for which the Putnam funds were reimbursed by Putnam Management for special Board and committee meetings and additional time spent on behalf of the Putnam funds in connection with certain regulatory and ^investigatory matters^.^

(^4) Certain Trustees are also owed compensation deferred pursuant to a Trustee Compensation Deferral Plan. As of September 30, ^2005, the total amounts of deferred compensation payable by the fund, including income earned on such amounts, to certain Trustees were: Ms. Baxter -^ $^13,629; Mr. Hill -^ $^52,566; Mr. Jackson -^ $^26,143; Mr. Joskow -^ $^16,105; Mr. Mullin -^ $^15,542; and Mr. Stephens -^ $^2,994.

(^5) Ms. Drucker and Messrs. Haldeman and Worley were elected to the Board of Trustees on November 11, 2004.

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(6) Includes additional compensation to Messrs. Hill and Putnam for service as Chairman of the Trustees and President of the Funds, respectively.

(7) Mr. Jackson retired from the Board of Trustees of the Putnam funds on June 10, 2005.

Tax Exempt Money Market Fund

			Estimated
		Pension or	annual benefits	Total
	Aggregate	retirement	from all	compensation
	compensation	benefits accrued	Putnam funds	from all
Trustees/Year	from the	as part of fund	upon	Putnam
	fund(1)	expenses	retirement(2)	funds(3)(4)

Jameson A. Baxter/1994(^4)	^$1,005	^$320	^$110,500	^$237,250

Charles B. Curtis/2001	^1,117	^601	^113,900	^231,500

Myra R. Drucker/2004(^5)	^905	N/A	^N/A	^224,250

Charles E. Haldeman,	^0	^0	^N/A	^0
Jr./2004(^5)

John A. Hill/1985(^4)(^6)	^1,696	^417	^161,700	^422,813

Ronald J. Jackson/1996(^4)(7)	^721	^356	^107,400	^107,333

Paul L. Joskow/1997(^4)	^1,036	^345	^113,400	^228,500

Elizabeth T. Kennan/1992	^988	^410	^108,000	^229,250

^	^	^	^	^

John H. Mullin, III/1997(^4)	^981	^367	^107,400	^220,000

Robert E. Patterson/1984	^957	^222	^106,500	^222,000

George Putnam, III/1984(^6)	^1,120	^200	^130,300	^262,750

W. Thomas Stephens/1997(^4)	^961	^368	^107,100	^211,250

^	^	^	^	^

Richard B. Worley/2004(^5)	^888	N/A	^N/A	^218,750

(^4) Certain Trustees are also owed compensation deferred pursuant to a Trustee Compensation Deferral Plan. As of September 30, ^2005, the total amounts of deferred compensation payable by the fund, including income earned on such amounts, to certain Trustees were: Ms. Baxter -^ $^989; Mr. Hill -^ $^3,816; Mr. Jackson -^ $^1,898; Mr. Joskow -^ $^1,169; Mr. Mullin -^ $^1,128; and Mr. Stephens -^ $^217.

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(^5) Ms. Drucker and Messrs. Haldeman and Worley were elected to the Board of Trustees on November 11, 2004.

(6) Includes additional compensation to Messrs. Hill and Putnam for service as Chairman of the Trustees and President of the Funds, respectively.

(7) Mr. Jackson retired from the Board of Trustees of the Putnam funds on June 10, 2005.

^Under a Retirement Plan for Trustees of the Putnam funds (the "Plan"), each Trustee who retires with at least five years of service as a Trustee of the funds is entitled to receive an annual retirement benefit equal to one-half of the average annual compensation paid to such Trustee for ^calendar years 2003, 2004 and 2005. This retirement benefit is payable during a Trustee's lifetime, beginning the year following retirement, for ^the number of years ^of service^ through December 31, 2006. A death benefit, also available under the Plan, ensures that the Trustee and his or her beneficiaries will receive benefit payments for the lesser of an aggregate period of (i) ten years or (ii) such Trustee's total years of service.

The Plan Administrator (currently the Board Policy and Nominating Committee) may terminate or amend the Plan at any time, but no termination or amendment will result in a reduction in the amount of benefits (i) currently being paid to a Trustee at the time of such termination or amendment, or (ii) to which a current Trustee would have been entitled had he or she retired immediately prior to such termination or amendment. The Trustees have terminated the Plan with respect to any Trustee first elected to the board after 2003.

For additional information concerning the Trustees, see "Management" in Part II of this SAI.

Share ownership

At December 31, ^2005, the officers and Trustees of the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund as a group owned approximately ^24% of the outstanding shares of the fund. In the case of the Money Market Fund, as of December 31, ^2005, the officers and Trustees of the fund as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each class of the fund. In addition, except as noted below, to the knowledge of each fund no person owned of record or beneficially 5% or more of the shares (or in the case of the Money Market Fund, any class) of a fund:

		Shareholder name	Percentage
Fund	Class	and address	owned

		Pershing LLC
Money Market Fund	T	P.O. Box 2052	94.70%
		Jersey City, NJ 07303

		Mercer Trust Company
Money Market Fund	M	One Investors Way	8.20%
		Norwood, MA 02062

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		Shareholder name	Percentage
Fund	Class	and address	owned

		MG Trust Company
Money Market Fund	R	700 17^thSt, Ste 300	52.70%
		Denver, CO 80202

Tax Exempt
Money Market Fund	A	John A. Hill*	23.90%

^* The address for the name listed is: c/o Putnam Investments, One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109.

Distribution fees

During fiscal ^2005, the ^Money Market Fund paid the following 12b-1 fees to Putnam Retail Management:

	Class A	Class B	Class C	Class M	Class R	Class T


Money Market Fund	$0	^$1,865,387	^$119,442	^$67,501	^$4,747	^$435,354

Putnam Money Market Fund

Class A contingent deferred sales charges

Putnam Retail Management received no contingent deferred sales charges with respect to class A shares of the Money Market Fund in fiscal ^2005, 2004 or ^2003.

Class B contingent deferred sales charges

Putnam Retail Management received contingent deferred sales charges upon redemptions of class B shares in the following amounts during the periods indicated:

	Fiscal year	Contingent deferred sales
		charges

Money Market Fund	^2005	^$1,330,302

	2004	$7,330,017

	2003	$5,762,395

	^	^

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Class C contingent deferred sales charges

Putnam Retail Management received contingent deferred sales charges upon redemptions of class C shares in the following amounts during the periods indicated:

	Fiscal year	Contingent deferred sales
		charges

Money Market Fund	^2005	^$4,074

	2004	$47,876

	2003	$58,748

	^	^

Class M contingent deferred sales charges

Putnam Retail Management received no contingent deferred sales charges with respect to class M shares of the Money Market Fund in fiscal ^2005, 2004 or ^2003.

Class T contingent deferred sales charges

Putnam Retail Management received no contingent deferred sales charges with respect to class T shares of the Money Market Fund in fiscal ^2005, 2004 or ^2003.

^Tax Exempt Money Market Fund

Sales charges

^Putnam Retail Management received no contingent deferred sales charges upon redemptions of class A shares of the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund in fiscal ^2005, 2004 or ^2003.

Investor servicing and custody fees and expenses

During the ^2005 fiscal year, each fund incurred the following fees and out-of-pocket expenses for investor servicing and custody services provided by Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company:

^Money Market Fund	^$7,506,041

^Tax Exempt Money Market	^$145,779

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 125 High Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, is each fund's independent registered public accounting firm providing audit services, tax return review and other tax consulting services and assistance and consultation in connection with the review of various Securities and Exchange Commission filings. The Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, financial highlights and financial statements included in the funds' Annual Reports for the fiscal year ended September 30, ^2005, filed electronically on November ^29, ^2005 for the Money Market Fund (File No. 811-02608) and the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund (File No. 811-05215), respectively, are incorporated by reference into this SAI. The financial highlights included in the prospectus and incorporated by reference into this SAI and the financial statements incorporated by reference into the prospectus and this SAI have been so included and incorporated in reliance upon the report of the independent registered public accounting firm, given on their authority as experts in auditing and accounting.

I-17

TABLE OF CONTENTS
MISCELLANEOUS INVESTMENTS, INVESTMENT PRACTICES AND RISKS
TAXES		II-^30
MANAGEMENT		II-^37
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE		II-^52
HOW TO BUY SHARES		II-^54
ADDITIONAL DEALER PAYMENTS		II-^64
DISTRIBUTION PLANS		II-^66
INVESTOR SERVICES		II-^70
SIGNATURE GUARANTEES		II-^74
SUSPENSION OF REDEMPTIONS		II-^74
SHAREHOLDER LIABILITY		II-^75
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO INFORMATION		II-^75
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES		II-^76
SECURITIES RATINGS		II-^77
DEFINITIONS		II-^81
APPENDIX A		II-^82




1-26-06

THE PUTNAM FUNDS

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (“SAI”)

PART II

MISCELLANEOUS INVESTMENTS, INVESTMENT PRACTICES AND RISKS

As noted in the prospectus, in addition to the main investment strategies and the principal risks described in the prospectus, the fund may employ other investment practices and may be subject to other risks, which are described below. Because the following is a combined description of investment strategies of all of the Putnam funds, certain matters described herein may not apply to your fund. Unless a strategy or policy described below is specifically prohibited or limited by the investment restrictions discussed in the fund’s prospectus or in this SAI, or by applicable law, the fund may engage in each of the practices described below without limit. This section contains information on the investments and investment practices listed below. With respect to funds for which Putnam Investments Limited (“PIL”) serves as sub-investment manager (as described in the fund’s prospectus), references to Putnam Management in this section include PIL.

^	^
^	^
^	^
^	^
^	^
^	^
^	^
^	^
^	^
^	^
^	^
^	^
^	^
^	^
^	^
^

Alternative Investment Strategies	Mortgage-related and Asset-backed Securities
Bank Loans	Options on Securities
Borrowing	Preferred Stocks and Convertible Securities
Derivatives	Private Placements and Restricted Securities
Floating Rate and Variable Rate Demand Notes	Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
Foreign Currency Transactions	Redeemable Securities
Foreign Investments and Related Risks	Repurchase Agreements
Forward Commitments and Dollar Rolls	Securities Loans
Futures Contracts and Related Options	Securities of Other Investment Companies
Hybrid Instruments	Short-term Trading
Industry and Sector Groups	Structured investments
Inflation-Protected Securities	Swap Agreements
Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)	Tax-exempt Securities
Inverse Floaters	Warrants
Lower-rated Securities	Zero-coupon and Payment-in-kind Bonds
Money Market Instruments

Alternative Investment Strategies

Under normal market conditions, the fund seeks to remain fully invested and to minimize its cash holdings. However, at times, Putnam Management may judge that market conditions may make pursuing a fund's

1-26-06

investment strategies inconsistent with the best interests of its shareholders. Putnam Management then may temporarily use alternative strategies that are mainly designed to limit the fund's losses. In implementing these strategies, the fund may invest primarily in, among other things, debt securities, preferred stocks, U.S. Government and agency obligations, cash or money market instruments (including, to the extent permitted by law or applicable exemptive relief, money market funds), or any other securities Putnam Management considers consistent with such defensive strategies.

Bank Loans

The fund may invest in bank loans. By purchasing a loan, the fund acquires some or all of the interest of a bank or other lending institution in a loan to a particular borrower. The fund may act as part of a lending syndicate, and in such cases would be purchasing a “participation” in the loan. The fund may also purchase loans by assignment from another lender. Many loans are secured by the assets of the borrower, and most impose restrictive covenants which must be met by the borrower. These loans are typically made by a syndicate of banks, represented by an agent bank which has negotiated and structured the loan and which is responsible generally for collecting interest, principal, and other amounts from the borrower on its own behalf and on behalf of the other lending institutions in the syndicate, and for enforcing its and their other rights against the borrower. Each of the lending institutions, including the agent bank, lends to the borrower a portion of the total amount of the loan, and retains the corresponding interest in the loan.

The fund’s ability to receive payments of principal and interest and other amounts in connection with loan participations held by it will depend primarily on the financial condition of the borrower (and, in some cases, the lending institution from which it purchases the loan). The value of collateral, if any, securing a loan can decline, or may be insufficient to meet the borrower’s obligations or difficult to liquidate. In addition, the fund’s access to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws. The failure by the fund to receive scheduled interest or principal payments on a loan would adversely affect the income of the fund and would likely reduce the value of its assets, which would be reflected in a reduction in the fund's net asset value. Banks and other lending institutions generally perform a credit analysis of the borrower before originating a loan or participating in a lending syndicate. In selecting the loans in which the fund will invest, however, Putnam Management will not rely solely on that credit analysis, but will perform its own investment analysis of the borrowers. Putnam Management's analysis may include consideration of the borrower's financial strength and managerial experience, debt coverage, additional borrowing requirements or debt maturity schedules, changing financial conditions, and responsiveness to changes in business conditions and interest rates. Putnam Management will generally not have access to non-public information to which other investors in syndicated loans may have access. Because loans in which the fund may invest are not generally rated by independent credit rating agencies, a decision by the fund to invest in a particular loan will depend almost exclusively on Putnam Management's, and the original lending institution's, credit analysis of the borrower. Investments in loans may be of any quality, including “distressed” loans, and will be subject to the fund’s credit quality policy. The loans in which the fund may invest include those that pay fixed rates of interest and those that pay floating rates – i.e., rates that adjust periodically based on a known lending rate, such as a bank’s prime rate.

Loans may be structured in different forms, including novations, assignments and participating interests. In a novation, the fund assumes all of the rights of a lending institution in a loan, including the right to receive payments of principal and interest and other amounts directly from the borrower and to enforce its rights as a lender directly against the borrower. The fund assumes the position of a co-lender with other syndicate members. As an alternative, the fund may purchase an assignment of a portion of a lender's interest in a loan. In this case, the fund may be required generally to rely upon the assigning bank to demand payment and enforce its rights against the borrower, but would otherwise be entitled to all of such bank's rights in the loan. The fund may also purchase a participating interest in a portion of the rights of a lending institution in a loan. In such case, it will be entitled to receive payments of principal, interest and premium, if any, but will not generally be entitled to enforce its rights directly against the agent bank or the borrower, and must rely for that purpose on the lending institution. The fund may also acquire a loan interest directly by acting as a member of the original lending syndicate.

1-26-06

The fund will in many cases be required to rely upon the lending institution from which it purchases the loan to collect and pass on to the fund such payments and to enforce the fund's rights under the loan. As a result, an insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization of the lending institution may delay or prevent the fund from receiving principal, interest and other amounts with respect to the underlying loan. When the fund is required to rely upon a lending institution to pay to the fund principal, interest and other amounts received by it, Putnam Management will also evaluate the creditworthiness of the lending institution.

The borrower of a loan in which the fund holds an interest may, either at its own election or pursuant to terms of the loan documentation, prepay amounts of the loan from time to time. There is no assurance that the fund will be able to reinvest the proceeds of any loan prepayment at the same interest rate or on the same terms as those of the original loan.

Corporate loans in which the fund may invest are generally made to finance internal growth, mergers, acquisitions, stock repurchases, leveraged buy-outs and other corporate activities. A significant portion of the corporate loans purchased by the fund may represent interests in loans made to finance highly leveraged corporate acquisitions, known as "leveraged buy-out" transactions, leveraged recapitalization loans and other types of acquisition financing. The highly leveraged capital structure of the borrowers in such transactions may make such loans especially vulnerable to adverse changes in economic or market conditions. In addition, loans generally are subject to restrictions on transfer, and only limited opportunities may exist to sell such participations in secondary markets. As a result, the fund may be unable to sell loans at a time when it may otherwise be desirable to do so or may be able to sell them only at a price that is less than their fair market value. The fund may hold investments in loans for a very short period of time when opportunities to resell the investments that Putnam Management believes are attractive arise.

Certain of the loans acquired by the fund may involve revolving credit facilities under which a borrower may from time to time borrow and repay amounts up to the maximum amount of the facility. In such cases, the fund would have an obligation to advance its portion of such additional borrowings upon the terms specified in the loan participation. To the extent that the fund is committed to make additional loans under such a participation, it will at all times set aside on its books liquid assets in an amount sufficient to meet such commitments. Certain of the loan participations acquired by the fund may also involve loans made in foreign currencies. The fund's investment in such participations would involve the risks of currency fluctuations described above with respect to investments in the foreign securities.

With respect to its management of investments in bank loans, Putnam Management will normally seek to avoid receiving material, non-public information (“Confidential Information”) about the issuers of bank loans being considered for acquisition by the fund or held in the fund’s portfolio. In many instances, borrowers may offer to furnish Confidential Information to prospective investors, and to holders, of the issuer’s loans. Putnam Management’s decision not to receive Confidential Information may place Putnam Management at a disadvantage relative to other investors in loans (which could have an adverse effect on the price the fund pays or receives when buying or selling loans). Also, in instances where holders of loans are asked to grant amendments, waivers or consent, Putnam Management’s ability to assess their significance or desirability may be adversely affected. For these and other reasons, it is possible that Putnam Management’s decision not to receive Confidential Information under normal circumstances could adversely affect the fund’s investment performance.

Notwithstanding its intention generally not to receive material, non-public information with respect to its management of investments in loans, Putnam Management may from time to time come into possession of material, non-public information about the issuers of loans that may be held in the fund’s portfolio. Possession of such information may in some instances occur despite Putnam Management’s efforts to avoid such possession, but in other instances Putnam Management may choose to receive such information (for example, in connection with participation in a creditors’ committee with respect to a financially distressed issuer). As, and to the extent, required by applicable law, Putnam Management's ability to trade in these loans for the account of the fund could potentially be limited by its possession of such information. Such limitations on

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Putnam Management's ability to trade could have an adverse effect on the fund by, for example, preventing the fund from selling a loan that is experiencing a material decline in value. In some instances, these trading restrictions could continue in effect for a substantial period of time.

In some instances, other accounts managed by Putnam Management or an affiliate may hold other securities issued by borrowers whose loans may be held in the fund’s portfolio. These other securities may include, for example, debt securities that are subordinate to the loans held in the fund’s portfolio, convertible debt or common or preferred equity securities. In certain circumstances, such as if the credit quality of the issuer deteriorates, the interests of holders of these other securities may conflict with the interests of the holders of the issuer’s loans. In such cases, Putnam Management may owe conflicting fiduciary duties to the fund and other client accounts. Putnam Management will endeavor to carry out its obligations to all of its clients to the fullest extent possible, recognizing that in some cases certain clients may achieve a lower economic return, as a result of these conflicting client interests, than if Putnam Management's client accounts collectively held only a single category of the issuer’s securities.

Borrowing

The fund may borrow money to the extent permitted by its investment policies and restrictions and applicable law. When the fund borrows money or otherwise leverages its portfolio, the value of an investment in the fund will be more volatile and other investment risks will tend to be compounded. This is because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the fund’s holdings. In addition to borrowing money from banks, the fund may engage in certain other investment transactions that may be viewed as forms of financial leverage – for example, using dollar rolls, investing collateral from loans of portfolio securities, entering into when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment transactions or using other derivatives. Because cash (or other assets determined to be liquid by Putnam Management in accordance with procedures established by the Trustees) in the amount of the fund’s commitments under such investment transactions is set aside on the fund’s books during the period in which the fund uses such transactions, the fund does not consider these transactions to be borrowings for purposes of its investment restrictions.

Derivatives

Certain of the instruments in which the fund may invest, such as futures contracts, options, hybrid instruments, forward contracts, swap agreements and structured investments, are considered to be "derivatives." Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value or other attributes of an underlying asset, such as a security or an index. Further information about these instruments and the risks involved in their use is included elsewhere in the prospectus and in this SAI. The fund’s use of derivatives may cause the fund to recognize higher amounts of short-term capital gains, which are generally taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates. Investments in derivatives may be applied toward meeting a requirement to invest in a particular kind of investment if the derivatives have economic characteristics similar to that investment.

Floating Rate and Variable Rate Demand Notes

The fund may purchase taxable or tax-exempt floating rate and variable rate demand notes for short-term cash management or other investment purposes. Floating rate and variable rate demand notes and bonds may have a stated maturity in excess of one year, but may have features that permit a holder to demand payment of principal plus accrued interest upon a specified number of days notice. Frequently, such obligations are secured by letters of credit or other credit support arrangements provided by banks. The issuer has a corresponding right, after a given period, to prepay in its discretion the outstanding principal of the obligation plus accrued interest upon a specific number of days notice to the holders. The interest rate of a floating rate instrument may be based on a known lending rate, such as a bank's prime rate, and is reset whenever such rate is adjusted. The interest rate on a variable rate demand note is reset at specified intervals at a market rate.

Foreign Currency Transactions

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To manage its exposure to foreign currencies, the fund may engage in foreign currency exchange transactions, including purchasing and selling foreign currency, foreign currency options, foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency futures contracts and related options. In addition, the fund may engage in these transactions for the purpose of increasing its return. Foreign currency transactions involve costs, and, if unsuccessful, may reduce the fund’s return.

Generally, the fund may engage in both "transaction hedging" and "position hedging." The fund may also engage in foreign currency transactions for non-hedging purposes, subject to applicable law. When it engages in transaction hedging, the fund enters into foreign currency transactions with respect to specific receivables or payables, generally arising in connection with the purchase or sale of portfolio securities. The fund will engage in transaction hedging when it desires to "lock in" the U.S. dollar price of a security it has agreed to purchase or sell, or the U.S. dollar equivalent of a dividend or interest payment in a foreign currency. By transaction hedging the fund will attempt to protect itself against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the applicable foreign currency during the period between the date on which the security is purchased or sold, or on which the dividend or interest payment is earned, and the date on which such payments are made or received. The fund may also engage in position hedging to protect against a decline in the value relative to the U.S. dollar of the currencies in which its portfolio securities are denominated or quoted (or an increase in the value of the currency in which securities the fund intends to buy are denominated or quoted).

The fund may purchase or sell a foreign currency on a spot (or cash) basis at the prevailing spot rate in connection with the settlement of transactions in portfolio securities denominated in that foreign currency or for other hedging or non-hedging purposes. If conditions warrant, for hedging or non-hedging purposes, the fund may also enter into contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies at a future date ("forward contracts") and purchase and sell foreign currency futures contracts. The fund may also purchase or sell exchange-listed and over-the-counter call and put options on foreign currency futures contracts and on foreign currencies.

A foreign currency futures contract is a standardized exchange-traded contract for the future delivery of a specified amount of a foreign currency at a price set at the time of the contract. Foreign currency futures contracts traded in the United States are designed by and traded on exchanges regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the "CFTC"), such as the New York Mercantile Exchange, and have margin requirements.

A foreign currency forward contract is a negotiated agreement to exchange currency at a future time, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract as agreed by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. The contract price may be higher or lower than the current spot rate. In the case of a cancelable forward contract, the holder has the unilateral right to cancel the contract at maturity by paying a specified fee. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts differ from foreign currency futures contracts in certain respects. For example, the maturity date of a forward contract may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, rather than a predetermined date in a given month. Forward contracts may be in any amount agreed upon by the parties rather than predetermined amounts. In addition, forward contracts are traded in the interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers, so that no intermediary is required. A forward contract generally has no deposit requirement, and no commissions are charged at any stage for trades.

At the maturity of a forward or futures contract, the fund either may accept or make delivery of the currency specified in the contract, or at or prior to maturity enter into a closing transaction involving the purchase or sale of an offsetting contract. Closing transactions with respect to forward contracts are usually effected with the currency trader who is a party to the original forward contract. Closing transactions with respect to futures contracts may be effected only on a commodities exchange or board of trade which provides a secondary market in such contracts; a clearing corporation associated with the exchange assumes responsibility for closing out such contracts.

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Although the fund intends to purchase or sell foreign currency futures contracts only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a secondary market on an exchange or board of trade will exist for any particular contract or at any particular time. In such event, it may not be possible to close a futures position and, in the event of adverse price movements, the fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin.

It is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration or maturity of a forward or futures contract. Accordingly, it may be necessary for the fund to purchase additional foreign currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such purchase) if the market value of the security or securities being hedged is less than the amount of foreign currency the fund is obligated to deliver and a decision is made to sell the security or securities and make delivery of the foreign currency. Conversely, it may be necessary to sell on the spot market some of the foreign currency received upon the sale of the portfolio security or securities if the market value of such security or securities exceeds the amount of foreign currency the fund is obligated to deliver.

As noted above, the fund may purchase or sell exchange-listed and over-the-counter call and put options on foreign currency futures contracts and on foreign currencies. A put option on a futures contract gives the fund the right to assume a short position in the futures contract until the expiration of the option. A put option on a currency gives the fund the right to sell the currency at an exercise price until the expiration of the option. A call option on a futures contract gives the fund the right to assume a long position in the futures contract until the expiration of the option. A call option on a currency gives the fund the right to purchase the currency at the exercise price until the expiration of the option.

Foreign currency options are traded primarily in the over-the-counter market, although options on foreign currencies are also listed on several exchanges. Options are traded not only on the currencies of individual nations, but also on the euro, the joint currency of most countries in the European Union.

The fund will only purchase or write foreign currency options when Putnam Management believes that a liquid secondary market exists for such options. There can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for a particular option at any specific time. Options on foreign currencies may be affected by all of those factors which influence foreign exchange rates and investments generally.

The fund's currency hedging transactions may call for the delivery of one foreign currency in exchange for another foreign currency and may at times not involve currencies in which its portfolio securities are then denominated. Putnam Management will engage in such "cross hedging" activities when it believes that such transactions provide significant hedging opportunities for the fund. Cross hedging transactions by the fund involve the risk of imperfect correlation between changes in the values of the currencies to which such transactions relate and changes in the value of the currency or other asset or liability which is the subject of the hedge.

Transaction and position hedging do not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities that the fund owns or intends to purchase or sell. They simply establish a rate of exchange which one can achieve at some future point in time. Additionally, although these techniques tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, they involve costs to the fund and tend to limit any potential gain which might result from the increase in value of such currency.

The fund may also engage in non-hedging currency transactions. For example, Putnam Management may believe that exposure to a currency is in the fund's best interest but that securities denominated in that currency are unattractive. In that case the fund may purchase a currency forward contract or option in order to increase its exposure to the currency. In accordance with SEC regulations, the fund will set aside liquid assets on its books to cover forward contracts used for non-hedging purposes.

In addition, the fund may seek to increase its current return or to offset some of the costs of hedging against fluctuations in current exchange rates by writing covered call options and covered put options on foreign

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currencies. The fund receives a premium from writing a call or put option, which increases the fund's current return if the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a net profit. The fund may terminate an option that it has written prior to its expiration by entering into a closing purchase transaction in which it purchases an option having the same terms as the option written.

The value of any currency, including U.S. dollars and foreign currencies, may be affected by complex political and economic factors applicable to the issuing country. In addition, the exchange rates of foreign currencies (and therefore the values of foreign currency options, forward contracts and futures contracts) may be affected significantly, fixed, or supported directly or indirectly by U.S. and foreign government actions. Government intervention may increase risks involved in purchasing or selling foreign currency options, forward contracts and futures contracts, since exchange rates may not be free to fluctuate in response to other market forces.

The value of a foreign currency option, forward contract or futures contract reflects the value of an exchange rate, which in turn reflects relative values of two currencies -- the U.S. dollar and the foreign currency in question. Although foreign exchange dealers do not charge a fee for currency conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference (the "spread") between prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to the fund at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the fund desire to resell that currency to the dealer. Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the interbank market involve substantially larger amounts than those that may be involved in the exercise of foreign currency options, forward contracts and futures contracts, investors may be disadvantaged by having to deal in an odd-lot market for the underlying foreign currencies in connection with options at prices that are less favorable than for round lots. Foreign governmental restrictions or taxes could result in adverse changes in the cost of acquiring or disposing of foreign currencies.

There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign currencies and there is no regulatory requirement that quotations available through dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis. Available quotation information is generally representative of very large round-lot transactions in the interbank market and thus may not reflect exchange rates for smaller odd-lot transactions (less than $1 million) where rates may be less favorable. The interbank market in foreign currencies is a global, around-the-clock market. To the extent that options markets are closed while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant price and rate movements may take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets.

The decision as to whether and to what extent the fund will engage in foreign currency exchange transactions will depend on a number of factors, including prevailing market conditions, the composition of the fund's portfolio and the availability of suitable transactions. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the fund will engage in foreign currency exchange transactions at any given time or from time to time.

Foreign Investments and Related Risks

Foreign securities are normally denominated and traded in foreign currencies. As a result, the value of the fund's foreign investments and the value of its shares may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar. In addition, the fund is required to compute and distribute its income in U.S. dollars. Therefore, if the exchange rate for a foreign currency declines after a fund's income has been earned and translated into U.S. dollars (but before payment), the fund could be required to liquidate portfolio securities to make such distributions. Similarly, if an exchange rate declines between the time a fund incurs expenses in U.S. dollars and the time such expenses are paid, the amount of such currency required to be converted into U.S. dollars in order to pay such expenses in U.S. dollars will be greater than the equivalent amount in any such currency of such expenses at the time they were incurred.

There may be less information publicly available about a foreign issuer than about a U.S. issuer, and foreign issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices comparable to those in the United States. In addition, there may be less (or less effective) regulation of exchanges, brokers and listed companies in some foreign countries. The securities of some foreign issuers are less liquid and at

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times more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. issuers. Foreign brokerage commissions, custodial expenses and other fees are also generally higher than in the United States.

Foreign settlement procedures and trade regulations may be more complex and involve certain risks (such as delay in payment or delivery of securities or in the recovery of the fund's assets held abroad) and expenses not present in the settlement of investments in U.S. markets. For example, settlement of transactions involving foreign securities or foreign currencies (see below) may occur within a foreign country, and the fund may accept or make delivery of the underlying securities or currency in conformity with any applicable U.S. or foreign restrictions or regulations, and may pay fees, taxes or charges associated with such delivery. Such investments may also involve the risk that an entity involved in the settlement may not meet its obligations.

In addition, foreign securities may be subject to the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets, imposition of currency exchange controls, foreign withholding taxes or restrictions on the repatriation of foreign currency, confiscatory taxation, political, social or financial instability and diplomatic developments which could affect the value of the fund's investments in certain foreign countries. Dividends or interest on, or proceeds from the sale of, foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, and special U.S. tax considerations may apply.

Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign countries may be more limited than those available with respect to investments in the United States or in other foreign countries. The laws of some foreign countries may limit the fund's ability to invest in securities of certain issuers organized under the laws of those foreign countries.

The risks described above, including the risks of nationalization or expropriation of assets, typically are increased in connection with investments in "emerging markets." For example, political and economic structures in these countries may be in their infancy and developing rapidly, and such countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of more developed countries. Certain of these countries have in the past failed to recognize private property rights and have at times nationalized and expropriated the assets of private companies. High rates of inflation or currency devaluations may adversely affect the economies and securities markets of such countries. Investments in emerging markets may be considered speculative.

The currencies of certain emerging market countries have experienced devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar, and future devaluations may adversely affect the value of assets denominated in such currencies. Many emerging market countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation or deflation for many years, and future inflation may adversely affect the economies and securities markets of such countries.

In addition, unanticipated political or social developments may affect the value of investments in emerging markets and the availability of additional investments in these markets. The small size, limited trading volume and relative inexperience of the securities markets in these countries may make investments in securities traded in emerging markets illiquid and more volatile than investments in securities traded in more developed countries, and the fund may be required to establish special custodial or other arrangements before making investments in securities traded in emerging markets. There may be little financial or accounting information available with respect to issuers of emerging market securities, and it may be difficult as a result to assess the value or prospects of an investment in such securities.

American Depository Receipts (ADRs) as well as other “hybrid” forms of ADRs, including European Depository Receipts (EDRs) and Global Depository Receipts (GDRs), are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. These certificates are issued by depository banks and generally trade on an established market in the United States or elsewhere. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution in the issuer’s home country. The depository bank may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends and interest and corporate actions. ADRs are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying

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foreign securities in their national markets and currencies. However, ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing in foreign securities.

Certain of the foregoing risks may also apply to some extent to securities of U.S. issuers that are denominated in foreign currencies or that are traded in foreign markets, or securities of U.S. issuers having significant foreign operations.

Forward Commitments and Dollar Rolls

The fund may enter into contracts to purchase securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond customary settlement time ("forward commitments") if the fund sets aside on its books liquid assets in an amount sufficient to meet the purchase price, or if the fund enters into offsetting contracts for the forward sale of other securities it owns. In the case of to-be-announced ("TBA") purchase commitments, the unit price and the estimated principal amount are established when the fund enters into a contract, with the actual principal amount being within a specified range of the estimate. Forward commitments may be considered securities in themselves, and involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date, which risk is in addition to the risk of decline in the value of the fund's other assets. Where such purchases are made through dealers, the fund relies on the dealer to consummate the sale. The dealer's failure to do so may result in the loss to the fund of an advantageous yield or price. Although the fund will generally enter into forward commitments with the intention of acquiring securities for its portfolio or for delivery pursuant to options contracts it has entered into, the fund may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if Putnam Management deems it appropriate to do so. The fund may realize short-term profits or losses upon the sale of forward commitments.

The fund may enter into TBA sale commitments to hedge its portfolio positions or to sell securities it owns under delayed delivery arrangements. Proceeds of TBA sale commitments are not received until the contractual settlement date. During the time a TBA sale commitment is outstanding, equivalent deliverable securities, or an offsetting TBA purchase commitment deliverable on or before the sale commitment date, are held as "cover" for the transaction. Unsettled TBA sale commitments are valued at current market value of the underlying securities. If the TBA sale commitment is closed through the acquisition of an offsetting purchase commitment, the fund realizes a gain or loss on the commitment without regard to any unrealized gain or loss on the underlying security. If the fund delivers securities under the commitment, the fund realizes a gain or loss from the sale of the securities based upon the unit price established at the date the commitment was entered into.

The fund may enter into dollar roll transactions (generally using TBAs) in which it sells a fixed income security for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to purchase similar securities (for example, same type, coupon and maturity) at an agreed upon future time. By engaging in a dollar roll transaction, the fund foregoes principal and interest paid on the security that is sold, but receives the difference between the current sales price and the forward price for the future purchase. The fund would also be able to earn interest on the proceeds of the sale before they are reinvested. The fund accounts for dollar rolls as purchases and sales. Because cash (or other assets determined to be liquid by Putnam Management in accordance with procedures established by the Trustees) in the amount of the fund’s commitment under a dollar roll is set aside on the fund’s books, the fund does not consider these transactions to be borrowings for purposes of its investment restrictions.

The obligation to purchase securities on a specified future date involves the risk that the market value of the securities that the fund is obligated to purchase may decline below the purchase price. In addition, in the event the other party to the transaction files for bankruptcy, becomes insolvent or defaults on its obligation, the fund may be adversely affected.

Futures Contracts and Related Options

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Subject to applicable law, the fund may invest without limit in futures contracts and related options for hedging and non-hedging purposes, such as to manage the effective duration of the fund's portfolio or as a substitute for direct investment. A financial futures contract sale creates an obligation by the seller to deliver the type of financial instrument called for in the contract in a specified delivery month for a stated price. A financial futures contract purchase creates an obligation by the purchaser to take delivery of the type of financial instrument called for in the contract in a specified delivery month at a stated price. The specific instruments delivered or taken, respectively, at settlement date are not determined until on or near that date. The determination is made in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the futures contract sale or purchase was made. Futures contracts are traded in the United States only on commodity exchanges or boards of trade -- known as "contract markets" -- approved for such trading by the CFTC, and must be executed through a futures commission merchant or brokerage firm which is a member of the relevant contract market. Examples of futures contracts that the fund may use (which may include single-security futures) include, without limitation, U.S. Treasury security futures, index futures, corporate or municipal bond futures, Government National Mortgage Association certificate futures, interest rate swap futures, and Eurodollar futures. In addition, as described elsewhere in this SAI, the fund may use foreign currency futures.

Although futures contracts (other than index futures and futures based on the volatility or variance experienced by an index) by their terms call for actual delivery or acceptance of commodities or securities, in most cases the contracts are closed out before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery. Index futures and futures based on the volatility or variance experienced by an index do not call for actual delivery or acceptance of commodities or securities, but instead require cash settlement of the futures contract on the settlement date specified in the contract. Such contracts may also be closed out before the settlement date. Closing out a futures contract sale is effected by purchasing a futures contract for the same aggregate amount of the specific type of financial instrument or commodity with the same delivery date. If the price of the initial sale of the futures contract exceeds the price of the offsetting purchase, the seller is paid the difference and realizes a gain. Conversely, if the price of the offsetting purchase exceeds the price of the initial sale, the seller realizes a loss. If the fund is unable to enter into a closing transaction, the amount of the fund's potential loss is unlimited. The closing out of a futures contract purchase is effected by the purchaser's entering into a futures contract sale. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the purchase price, the purchaser realizes a gain, and if the purchase price exceeds the offsetting sale price, he realizes a loss.

Unlike when the fund purchases or sells a security, no price is paid or received by the fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Instead, upon entering into a contract, the fund is required to deliver to the futures broker an amount of liquid assets. This amount is known as "initial margin." The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin in security transactions in that futures contract margin does not involve the borrowing of funds to finance the transactions. Rather, initial margin is similar to a performance bond or good faith deposit which is returned to the fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Futures contracts also involve brokerage costs.

Subsequent payments, called "variation margin" or "maintenance margin," to and from the broker are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying security or commodity fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as "marking to the market." For example, when the fund has purchased a futures contract on a security and the price of the underlying security has risen, that position will have increased in value and the fund will receive from the broker a variation margin payment based on that increase in value. Conversely, when the fund has purchased a security futures contract and the price of the underlying security has declined, the position would be less valuable and the fund would be required to make a variation margin payment to the broker.

The fund may elect to close some or all of its futures positions at any time prior to their expiration in order to reduce or eliminate a position then currently held by the fund. The fund may close its positions by taking opposite positions which will operate to terminate the fund's position in the futures contracts. Final determinations of variation margin are then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to the fund, and the fund realizes a loss or a gain. Such closing transactions involve additional commission costs.

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The fund does not intend to purchase or sell futures or related options for other than hedging purposes, if, as a result, the sum of the initial margin deposits on the fund's existing futures and related options positions and premiums paid for outstanding options on futures contracts would exceed 5% of the fund's net assets.

The fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act (the "CEA"), and therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under the CEA.

Index futures. An index futures contract is a contract to buy or sell units of an index at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. Entering into a contract to buy units of an index is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position in the index. Entering into a contract to sell units of an index is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position. A unit is the current value of the index. The fund may enter into stock index futures contracts, debt index futures contracts, or other index futures contracts appropriate to its objective(s). The fund may also purchase and sell options on index futures contracts.

For example, the Standard & Poor's 500 Composite Stock Price Index ("S&P 500") is composed of 500 selected U.S. common stocks. The S&P 500 assigns relative weightings to the common stocks included in the Index, and the value fluctuates with changes in the market values of those common stocks. In the case of the S&P 500, contracts are currently to buy or sell 250 units. Thus, if the value of the S&P 500 were $150, one contract would be worth $37,500 (250 units x $150). The stock index futures contract specifies that no delivery of the actual stocks making up the index will take place. Instead, settlement in cash must occur upon the termination of the contract, with the settlement being the difference between the contract price and the actual level of the stock index at the expiration of the contract. For example, if the fund enters into a futures contract to buy 250 units of the S&P 500 at a specified future date at a contract price of $150 and the S&P 500 is at $154 on that future date, the fund will gain $1,000 (250 units x gain of $4). If the fund enters into a futures contract to sell 250 units of the stock index at a specified future date at a contract price of $150 and the S&P 500 is at $152 on that future date, the fund will lose $500 (250 units x loss of $2).

Options on futures contracts. The fund may purchase and write call and put options on futures contracts it may buy or sell and enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate existing positions. In return for the premium paid, options on futures contracts give the purchaser the right to assume a position in a futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer's futures margin account which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the future. If an option is exercised on the last trading day prior to its expiration date, the settlement will be made entirely in cash equal to the difference between the exercise price of the option and the closing level of the underlying asset on which the future is based on the expiration date. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.

The fund may use options on futures contracts in lieu of writing or buying options directly on the underlying securities or indices or purchasing and selling the underlying futures contracts. For example, to hedge against a possible decrease in the value of its portfolio securities, the fund may purchase put options or write call options on futures contracts rather than selling futures contracts. Similarly, the fund may purchase call options or write put options on futures contracts as a substitute for the purchase of futures contracts to hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities which the fund expects to purchase. Such options generally operate in the same manner, and involve the same risks, as options purchased or written directly on the underlying investments. In addition, the fund will be required to deposit initial margin and maintenance margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it pursuant to brokers' requirements similar to those described above in connection with the discussion of futures contracts. The writing of an option on a futures contract involves risks similar to those relating to the sale of futures contracts.

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Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts generally involves less potential risk to the fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options (plus transaction costs). However, there may be circumstances when the purchase of a call or put option on a futures contract would result in a loss to the fund when the purchase or sale of a futures contract would not, such as when there is no movement in the prices of the hedged investments.

As an alternative to purchasing call and put options on index futures, the fund may purchase and sell call and put options on the underlying indices themselves. Such options would be used in a manner identical to the use of options on index futures.

Risks of transactions in futures contracts and related options. Successful use of futures contracts by the fund is subject to Putnam Management's ability to predict movements in various factors affecting securities markets, including interest rates and market movements, and, in the case of index futures and futures based on the volatility or variance experienced by an index, Putnam Management’s ability to predict the future level of the index or the future volatility or variance experienced by an index. For example, it is possible that, where the fund has sold futures to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the market, the index on which the futures are written may advance and the value of securities held in the fund's portfolio may decline. If this occurred, the fund would lose money on the futures and also experience a decline in value in its portfolio securities. It is also possible that, if the fund has hedged against the possibility of a decline in the market adversely affecting securities held in its portfolio and securities prices increase instead, the fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of those securities it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin requirements at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so.

The use of options and futures strategies also involves the risk of imperfect correlation among movements in the prices of the securities or other assets underlying the futures and options purchased and sold by the fund, of the options and futures contracts themselves, and, in the case of hedging transactions, of the securities which are the subject of a hedge. In addition to the possibility that there may be an imperfect correlation, or no correlation at all, between movements in the futures used by the fund and the portion of the portfolio being hedged, the prices of futures may not correlate perfectly with movements in the underlying asset due to certain market distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions which could distort the normal relationship between the underlying asset and futures markets. Second, margin requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market, and as a result the futures market may attract more speculators than the securities market does. Increased participation by speculators in the futures market may also cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortions in the futures market and also because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the underlying asset and movements in the prices of related futures, even a correct forecast of general market trends by Putnam Management may still not result in a profitable position.

There is no assurance that higher than anticipated trading activity or other unforeseen events might not, at times, render certain market clearing facilities inadequate, and thereby result in the institution by exchanges of special procedures which may interfere with the timely execution of customer orders.

To reduce or eliminate a position held by the fund, the fund may seek to close out such position. The ability to establish and close out positions will be subject to the development and maintenance of a liquid secondary market. It is not certain that this market will develop or continue to exist for a particular futures contract or option. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain contracts or options; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of contracts or options, or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the

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facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of contracts or options (or a particular class or series of contracts or options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange for such contracts or options (or in the class or series of contracts or options) would cease to exist, although outstanding contracts or options on the exchange that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

Hybrid Instruments

These instruments are generally considered derivatives and include indexed or structured securities, and combine the elements of futures contracts or options with those of debt, preferred equity or a depository instrument. A hybrid instrument may be a debt security, preferred stock, warrant, convertible security, certificate of deposit or other evidence of indebtedness on which a portion of or all interest payments, and/or the principal or stated amount payable at maturity, redemption or retirement, is determined by reference to prices, changes in prices, or differences between prices, of securities, currencies, intangibles, goods, articles or commodities (collectively, “underlying assets”), or by another objective index, economic factor or other measure, including interest rates, currency exchange rates, or commodities or securities indices (collectively, “benchmarks”). Hybrid instruments may take a number of forms, including, but not limited to, debt instruments with interest or principal payments or redemption terms determined by reference to the value of an index at a future time, preferred stock with dividend rates determined by reference to the value of a currency, or convertible securities with the conversion terms related to a particular commodity.

The risks of investing in hybrid instruments reflect a combination of the risks of investing in securities, options, futures and currencies. An investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional debt instrument that has a fixed principal amount, is denominated in U.S. dollars or bears interest either at a fixed rate or a floating rate determined by reference to a common, nationally published benchmark. The risks of a particular hybrid instrument will depend upon the terms of the instrument, but may include the possibility of significant changes in the benchmark(s) or the prices of the underlying assets to which the instrument is linked. Such risks generally depend upon factors unrelated to the operations or credit quality of the issuer of the hybrid instrument, which may not be foreseen by the purchaser, such as economic and political events, the supply and demand of the underlying assets and interest rate movements. Hybrid instruments may be highly volatile and their use by the fund may not be successful.

Hybrid instruments may bear interest or pay preferred dividends at below market (or even relatively nominal) rates. Alternatively, hybrid instruments may bear interest at above market rates but bear an increased risk of principal loss (or gain). The latter scenario may result if “leverage” is used to structure the hybrid instrument. Leverage risk occurs when the hybrid instrument is structured so that a given change in a benchmark or underlying asset is multiplied to produce a greater value change in the hybrid instrument, thereby magnifying the risk of loss as well as the potential for gain.

Hybrid instruments can be an efficient means of creating exposure to a particular market, or segment of a market, with the objective of enhancing total return. For example, a fund may wish to take advantage of expected declines in interest rates in several European countries, but avoid the transaction costs associated with buying and currency-hedging the foreign bond positions. One solution would be to purchase a U.S. dollar-denominated hybrid instrument whose redemption price is linked to the average three year interest rate in a designated group of countries. The redemption price formula would provide for payoffs of less than par if rates were above the specified level. Furthermore, a fund could limit the downside risk of the security by establishing a minimum redemption price so that the principal paid at maturity could not be below a predetermined minimum level if interest rates were to rise significantly. The purpose of this arrangement, known as a structured security with an embedded put option, would be to give the fund the desired European bond exposure while avoiding currency risk, limiting downside market risk, and lowering transaction costs. Of

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course, there is no guarantee that the strategy will be successful and the fund could lose money if, for example, interest rates do not move as anticipated or credit problems develop with the issuer of the hybrid instrument.

Hybrid instruments are potentially more volatile and carry greater market risks than traditional debt instruments. Depending on the structure of the particular hybrid instrument, changes in a benchmark may be magnified by the terms of the hybrid instrument and have an even more dramatic and substantial effect upon the value of the hybrid instrument. Also, the prices of the hybrid instrument and the benchmark or underlying asset may not move in the same direction or at the same time.

Hybrid instruments may also carry liquidity risk since the instruments are often “customized” to meet the portfolio needs of a particular investor, and therefore, the number of investors that are willing and able to buy such instruments in the secondary market may be smaller than that for more traditional debt securities. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of such an investment could be zero. In addition, because the purchase and sale of hybrid investments could take place in an over-the-counter market without the guarantee of a central clearing organization, or in a transaction between the fund and the issuer of the hybrid instrument, the creditworthiness of the counterparty of the issuer of the hybrid instrument would be an additional risk factor the fund would have to consider and monitor. Hybrid instruments also may not be subject to regulation by the CFTC, which generally regulates the trading of commodity futures by U.S. persons, the SEC, which regulates the offer and sale of securities by and to U.S. persons, or any other governmental regulatory authority.

Industry and Sector Groups

Putnam Management uses a customized set of industry and sector groups for classifying securities ("Putnam Industry Codes"). The Putnam Industry Codes are based on an expanded Standard & Poor’s industry classification model, modified to be more representative of global investing and more applicable to both large and small capitalization securities. For presentation purposes, the fund may apply the Putnam Industry Codes differently in reporting industry groups in the fund’s shareholder reports or other communications.

Inflation-Protected Securities

The fund may invest in U.S. Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (“U.S. TIPS”), which are fixed income securities issued by the U.S. Department of Treasury, the principal amounts of which are adjusted daily based upon changes in the rate of inflation. The fund may also invest in other inflation-protected securities issued by non-U.S. governments or by private issuers. U.S. TIPS pay interest on a semi-annual basis, equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. The interest rate on these bonds is fixed at issuance, but over the life of the bond this interest may be paid on an increasing or decreasing principal value that has been adjusted for inflation.

Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed for U.S. TIPS, even during a period of deflation. However, because the principal amount of U.S. TIPS would be adjusted downward during a period of deflation, the fund will be subject to deflation risk with respect to its investments in these securities. In addition, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed, and will fluctuate. If the fund purchases U.S. TIPS in the secondary market whose principal values have been adjusted upward due to inflation since issuance, the fund may experience a loss if there is a subsequent period of deflation. The fund may also invest in other inflation-related bonds which may or may not provide a guarantee of principal. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal amount.

The periodic adjustment of U.S. TIPS is currently tied to the CPI-U, which is calculated by the U.S. Department of Treasury. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation and energy. Inflation-protected bonds issued by a non-U.S. government are generally adjusted to reflect a comparable inflation index, calculated by that government. There can no assurance that the CPI-U or any non-U.S. inflation index will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in

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the prices of goods and services. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond's inflation measure. In addition, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a non-U.S. country will be correlated to the rate of inflation in the United States.

In general, the value of inflation-protected bonds is expected to fluctuate in response to changes in real interest rates, which are in turn tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if inflation were to rise at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-protected bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increased at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-protected bonds. If inflation is lower than expected during the period the fund holds the security, the fund may earn less on the security than on a conventional bond. Any increase in principal value is taxable in the year the increase occurs, even though holders do not receive cash representing the increase at that time. As a result, when the fund invests in inflation-protected securities, it could be required at times to liquidate other investments, including when it is not advantageous to do so, in order to satisfy its distribution requirements as a regulated investment company and to eliminate any fund-level income tax liability under the Internal Revenue Code.

The U.S. Treasury began issuing inflation-protected bonds in 1997. Certain non-U.S. governments, such as the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia, have a longer history of issuing inflation-protected bonds, and there may be a more liquid market in certain of these countries for these securities.

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)

The fund may purchase debt or equity securities in initial public offerings (IPOs). These securities, which are often issued by unseasoned companies, may be subject to many of the same risks of investing in companies with smaller market capitalizations. Securities issued in IPOs have no trading history, and information about the companies may be available for very limited periods. Securities issued in an IPO frequently are very volatile in price, and the fund may hold securities purchased in an IPO for a very short period of time. As a result, the fund’s investments in IPOs may increase portfolio turnover, which increases brokerage and administrative costs and may result in taxable distributions to shareholders.

At any particular time or from time to time the fund may not be able to invest in securities issued in IPOs, or invest to the extent desired because, for example, only a small portion (if any) of the securities being offered in an IPO may be made available to the fund. In addition, under certain market conditions a relatively small number of companies may issue securities in IPOs. Similarly, as the number of Putnam funds to which IPO securities are allocated increases, the number of securities issued to any one fund may decrease. The investment performance of the fund during periods when it is unable to invest significantly or at all in IPOs may be lower than during periods when the fund is able to do so. In addition, as the fund increases in size, the impact of IPOs on the fund’s performance will generally decrease.

Inverse Floaters

These securities have variable interest rates that typically move in the opposite direction from movements in prevailing short-term interest rate levels – rising when prevailing short-term interest rate fall, and vice versa. The prices of inverse floaters can be considerably more volatile than the prices of bonds with comparable maturities. The fund currently does not intend to invest more than 15% of its assets in inverse floating obligations.

Lower-rated Securities

The fund may invest in lower-rated fixed-income securities (commonly known as "junk bonds"). The lower ratings reflect a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer or in general economic conditions, or both, or an unanticipated rise in interest rates, may impair the ability of the issuer to make payments of interest and principal. The inability (or perceived inability) of issuers to make timely

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payment of interest and principal would likely make the values of securities held by the fund more volatile and could limit the fund's ability to sell its securities at prices approximating the values the fund had placed on such securities. In the absence of a liquid trading market for securities held by it, the fund at times may be unable to establish the fair value of such securities.

Securities ratings are based largely on the issuer's historical financial condition and the rating agencies' analysis at the time of rating. Consequently, the rating assigned to any particular security is not necessarily a reflection of the issuer's current financial condition, which may be better or worse than the rating would indicate. In addition, the rating assigned to a security by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor's (or by any other nationally recognized securities rating agency) does not reflect an assessment of the volatility of the security's market value or the liquidity of an investment in the security. See "Securities ratings."

Like those of other fixed-income securities, the values of lower-rated securities fluctuate in response to changes in interest rates. A decrease in interest rates will generally result in an increase in the value of the fund's fixed-income assets. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of the fund's fixed-income assets will generally decline. The values of lower-rated securities may often be affected to a greater extent by changes in general economic conditions and business conditions affecting the issuers of such securities and their industries. Negative publicity or investor perceptions may also adversely affect the values of lower-rated securities. Changes by nationally recognized securities rating agencies in their ratings of any fixed-income security and changes in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal may also affect the value of these investments. Changes in the value of portfolio securities generally will not affect income derived from these securities, but will affect the fund's net asset value. The fund will not necessarily dispose of a security when its rating is reduced below its rating at the time of purchase. However, Putnam Management will monitor the investment to determine whether its retention will assist in meeting the fund's investment objective(s).

Issuers of lower-rated securities are often highly leveraged, so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest rates may be impaired. Such issuers may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them and may be unable to repay outstanding obligations at maturity by refinancing. The risk of loss due to default in payment of interest or repayment of principal by such issuers is significantly greater because such securities frequently are unsecured and subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness.

At times, a substantial portion of the fund's assets may be invested in an issue of which the fund, by itself or together with other funds and accounts managed by Putnam Management or its affiliates, holds all or a major portion. Although Putnam Management generally considers such securities to be liquid because of the availability of an institutional market for such securities, it is possible that, under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, the fund could find it more difficult to sell these securities when Putnam Management believes it advisable to do so or may be able to sell the securities only at prices lower than if they were more widely held. Under these circumstances, it may also be more difficult to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of computing the fund's net asset value. In order to enforce its rights in the event of a default, the fund may be required to participate in various legal proceedings or take possession of and manage assets securing the issuer's obligations on such securities. This could increase the fund's operating expenses and adversely affect the fund's net asset value. In the case of tax-exempt funds, any income derived from the fund's ownership or operation of such assets would not be tax-exempt. The ability of a holder of a tax-exempt security to enforce the terms of that security in a bankruptcy proceeding may be more limited than would be the case with respect to securities of private issuers. In addition, the fund's intention to qualify as a "regulated investment company" under the Internal Revenue Code may limit the extent to which the fund may exercise its rights by taking possession of such assets.

To the extent the fund invests in securities in the lower rating categories, the achievement of the fund's goals is more dependent on Putnam Management's investment analysis than would be the case if the fund were investing in securities in the higher rating categories.

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Money Market Instruments

Money market instruments, or short-term debt instruments, consist of obligations such as commercial paper, bank obligations (i.e., certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances), repurchase agreements and various government obligations, such as Treasury bills. These instruments have a remaining maturity of one year or less and are generally of high credit quality. Money market instruments may be structured to be, or may employ a trust or other form so that they are, eligible investments for money market funds. For example, put features can be used to modify the maturity of a security or interest rate adjustment features can be used to enhance price stability. If a structure fails to function as intended, adverse tax or investment consequences may result. Neither the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) nor any other regulatory authority has ruled definitively on certain legal issues presented by certain structured securities. Future tax or other regulatory determinations could adversely affect the value, liquidity, or tax treatment of the income received from these securities or the nature and timing of distributions made by the funds.

Commercial paper is a money market instrument issued by banks or companies to raise money for short-term purposes. Unlike some other debt obligations, commercial paper is typically unsecured. Commercial paper may be issued as an asset-backed security (that is, backed by a pool of assets representing the obligations of a number of different issuers), in which case certain of the risks discussed in “Mortgage-related and Asset-backed securities” would apply. Commercial paper is traded primarily among institutions.

Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the fund may from time to time invest all or a portion of its cash balances in Putnam Prime Money Market Fund or other money market and/or short-term bond funds advised by Putnam Management. In connection with such investments, Putnam Management may waive a portion of the advisory fees otherwise payable by the fund. See “Charges and Expenses” in Part I of this SAI for the amount, if any, waived by Putnam Management in connection with such investments.

Mortgage-related and Asset-backed Securities

Mortgage-backed securities, including collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs") and certain stripped mortgage-backed securities, represent a participation in, or are secured by, mortgage loans. Asset-backed securities are structured like mortgage-backed securities, but instead of mortgage loans or interests in mortgage loans, the underlying assets may include such items as motor vehicle installment sales or installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property and receivables from credit card agreements.

Mortgage-backed securities have yield and maturity characteristics corresponding to the underlying assets. Unlike traditional debt securities, which may pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity, when the entire principal amount comes due, payments on certain mortgage-backed securities include both interest and a partial repayment of principal. Besides the scheduled repayment of principal, repayments of principal may result from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing or foreclosure of the underlying mortgage loans. If property owners make unscheduled prepayments of their mortgage loans, these prepayments will result in early payment of the applicable mortgage-related securities. In that event the fund may be unable to invest the proceeds from the early payment of the mortgage-related securities in an investment that provides as high a yield as the mortgage-related securities. Consequently, early payment associated with mortgage-related securities may cause these securities to experience significantly greater price and yield volatility than that experienced by traditional fixed-income securities. The occurrence of mortgage prepayments is affected by factors including the level of interest rates, general economic conditions, the location and age of the mortgage and other social and demographic conditions. During periods of falling interest rates, the rate of mortgage prepayments tends to increase, thereby tending to decrease the life of mortgage-related securities. During periods of rising interest rates, the rate of mortgage prepayments usually decreases, thereby tending to increase the life of mortgage-related securities. If the life of a mortgage-related security is inaccurately predicted, the fund may not be able to realize the rate of return it expected.

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Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are less effective than other types of securities as a means of "locking in" attractive long-term interest rates. One reason is the need to reinvest prepayments of principal; another is the possibility of significant unscheduled prepayments resulting from declines in interest rates. These prepayments would have to be reinvested at lower rates. As a result, these securities may have less potential for capital appreciation during periods of declining interest rates than other securities of comparable maturities, although they may have a similar risk of decline in market value during periods of rising interest rates. Prepayments may also significantly shorten the effective maturities of these securities, especially during periods of declining interest rates. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective maturities of these securities, subjecting them to a greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates than traditional debt securities, and, therefore, potentially increasing the volatility of the fund.

At times, some mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities will have higher than market interest rates and therefore will be purchased at a premium above their par value. Prepayments may cause losses on securities purchased at a premium.

CMOs may be issued by a U.S. government agency or instrumentality or by a private issuer. Although payment of the principal of, and interest on, the underlying collateral securing privately issued CMOs may be guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, these CMOs represent obligations solely of the private issuer and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities or any other person or entity.

Prepayments could cause early retirement of CMOs. CMOs are designed to reduce the risk of prepayment for investors by issuing multiple classes of securities, each having different maturities, interest rates and payment schedules, and with the principal and interest on the underlying mortgages allocated among the several classes in various ways. Payment of interest or principal on some classes or series of CMOs may be subject to contingencies or some classes or series may bear some or all of the risk of default on the underlying mortgages. CMOs of different classes or series are generally retired in sequence as the underlying mortgage loans in the mortgage pool are repaid. If enough mortgages are repaid ahead of schedule, the classes or series of a CMO with the earliest maturities generally will be retired prior to their maturities. Thus, the early retirement of particular classes or series of a CMO would have the same effect as the prepayment of mortgages underlying other mortgage-backed securities. Conversely, slower than anticipated prepayments can extend the effective maturities of CMOs, subjecting them to a greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates than traditional debt securities, and, therefore, potentially increasing their volatility.

Prepayments could result in losses on stripped mortgage-backed securities. Stripped mortgage-backed securities are usually structured with two classes that receive different portions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage loans. The yield to maturity on an interest only or “IO” class of stripped mortgage-backed securities is extremely sensitive not only to changes in prevailing interest rates but also to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying assets. A rapid rate of principal prepayments may have a measurable adverse effect on the fund's yield to maturity to the extent it invests in IOs. If the assets underlying the IO experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in these securities. Conversely, principal only or “POs” tend to increase in value if prepayments are greater than anticipated and decline if prepayments are slower than anticipated. The secondary market for stripped mortgage-backed securities may be more volatile and less liquid than that for other mortgage-backed securities, potentially limiting the fund's ability to buy or sell those securities at any particular time. The fund currently does not intend to invest more than 35% of its assets in IOs and POs under normal market conditions.

The risks associated with other asset-backed securities (including in particular the risks of issuer default and of early prepayment) are generally similar to those described above for CMOs. In addition, because asset-backed securities generally do not have the benefit of a security interest in the underlying assets that is comparable to a mortgage, asset-backed securities present certain additional risks that are not present with mortgage-related securities. The ability of an issuer of asset-backed securities to enforce its security interest in the underlying

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assets may be limited. For example, revolving credit receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors on such receivables are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give debtors the right to set-off certain amounts owed, thereby reducing the balance due. Automobile receivables generally are secured, but by automobiles, rather than by real property.

Asset-backed securities may be collateralized by the fees earned by service providers. The value of asset-backed securities may be substantially dependent on the servicing of the underlying asset and are therefore subject to risks associated with negligence by, or defalcation of, their servicers. In certain circumstances, the mishandling of related documentation may also affect the rights of the security holders in and to the underlying collateral. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables or that utilize the assets may result in added costs and delays in addition to losses associated with a decline in the value of the underlying assets.

Options on Securities

Writing covered options. The fund may write covered call options and covered put options on optionable securities held in its portfolio or that it has an absolute and immediate right to acquire without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or other assets determined to be liquid by Putnam Management in accordance with procedures established by the Trustees, in such amount are set aside on the fund’s books), when in the opinion of Putnam Management such transactions are consistent with the fund's investment objective(s) and policies. Call options written by the fund give the purchaser the right to buy the underlying securities from the fund at a stated exercise price; put options give the purchaser the right to sell the underlying securities to the fund at a stated price.

The fund may write only covered options, which means that, so long as the fund is obligated as the writer of a call option, it will own the underlying securities subject to the option (or comparable securities satisfying the cover requirements of securities exchanges) or have an absolute and immediate right to acquire without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or other assets determined to be liquid by Putnam Management in accordance with procedures established by the Trustees, in such amount are set aside on the fund’s books). In the case of put options, the fund will set aside on its books assets determined to be liquid by Putnam Management in accordance with procedures established by the Trustees and equal in value to the price to be paid if the option is exercised. In addition, the fund will be considered to have covered a put or call option if and to the extent that it holds an option that offsets some or all of the risk of the option it has written. The fund may write combinations of covered puts and calls on the same underlying security.

The fund will receive a premium from writing a put or call option, which increases the fund's return in the event the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. The amount of the premium reflects, among other things, the relationship between the exercise price and the current market value of the underlying security, the volatility of the underlying security, the amount of time remaining until expiration, current interest rates, and the effect of supply and demand in the options market and in the market for the underlying security. By writing a call option, if the fund holds the security, the fund limits its opportunity to profit from any increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option but continues to bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security. If the fund does not hold the underlying security, the fund bears the risk that, if the market price exceeds the option strike price, the fund will suffer a loss equal to the difference at the time of exercise. By writing a put option, the fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than its then-current market value, resulting in a potential capital loss unless the security subsequently appreciates in value.

The fund may terminate an option that it has written prior to its expiration by entering into a closing purchase transaction, in which it purchases an offsetting option. The fund realizes a profit or loss from a closing transaction if the cost of the transaction (option premium plus transaction costs) is less or more than the premium received from writing the option. If the fund writes a call option but does not own the underlying security, and when it writes a put option, the fund may be required to deposit cash or securities with its broker as "margin," or collateral, for its obligation to buy or sell the underlying security. As the value of the

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underlying security varies, the fund may have to deposit additional margin with the broker. Margin requirements are complex and are fixed by individual brokers, subject to minimum requirements currently imposed by the Federal Reserve Board and by stock exchanges and other self-regulatory organizations.

Purchasing put options. The fund may purchase put options to protect its portfolio holdings in an underlying security against a decline in market value. Such protection is provided during the life of the put option since the fund, as holder of the option, is able to sell the underlying security at the put exercise price regardless of any decline in the underlying security's market price. In order for a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. By using put options in this manner, the fund will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized from appreciation of the underlying security by the premium paid for the put option and by transaction costs. The fund may also purchase put options for other investment purposes.

Purchasing call options. The fund may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities that the fund wants ultimately to buy. Such hedge protection is provided during the life of the call option since the fund, as holder of the call option, is able to buy the underlying security at the exercise price regardless of any increase in the underlying security's market price. In order for a call option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. The fund may also purchase call options for other investment purposes.

Risk factors in options transactions. The successful use of the fund's options strategies depends on the ability of Putnam Management to forecast correctly interest rate and market movements. For example, if the fund were to write a call option based on Putnam Management's expectation that the price of the underlying security would fall, but the price were to rise instead, the fund could be required to sell the security upon exercise at a price below the current market price. Similarly, if the fund were to write a put option based on Putnam Management's expectation that the price of the underlying security would rise, but the price were to fall instead, the fund could be required to purchase the security upon exercise at a price higher than the current market price.

When the fund purchases an option, it runs the risk that it will lose its entire investment in the option in a relatively short period of time, unless the fund exercises the option or enters into a closing sale transaction before the option's expiration. If the price of the underlying security does not rise (in the case of a call) or fall (in the case of a put) to an extent sufficient to cover the option premium and transaction costs, the fund will lose part or all of its investment in the option. This contrasts with an investment by the fund in the underlying security, since the fund will not realize a loss if the security's price does not change.

The effective use of options also depends on the fund's ability to terminate option positions at times when Putnam Management deems it desirable to do so. There is no assurance that the fund will be able to effect closing transactions at any particular time or at an acceptable price. If a secondary market in options were to become unavailable, the fund could no longer engage in closing transactions. Lack of investor interest might adversely affect the liquidity of the market for particular options or series of options. A market may discontinue trading of a particular option or options generally. In addition, a market could become temporarily unavailable if unusual events -- such as volume in excess of trading or clearing capability -- were to interrupt its normal operations.

A market may at times find it necessary to impose restrictions on particular types of options transactions, such as opening transactions. For example, if an underlying security ceases to meet qualifications imposed by the market or the Options Clearing Corporation, new series of options on that security will no longer be opened to replace expiring series, and opening transactions in existing series may be prohibited. If an options market were to become unavailable, the fund as a holder of an option would be able to realize profits or limit losses only by exercising the option, and the fund, as option writer, would remain obligated under the option until expiration or exercise.

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Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying options purchased or sold by the fund could result in losses on the options. If trading is interrupted in an underlying security, the trading of options on that security is normally halted as well. As a result, the fund as purchaser or writer of an option will be unable to close out its positions until options trading resumes, and it may be faced with considerable losses if trading in the security reopens at a substantially different price. In addition, the Options Clearing Corporation or other options markets may impose exercise restrictions. If a prohibition on exercise is imposed at the time when trading in the option has also been halted, the fund as purchaser or writer of an option will be locked into its position until one of the two restrictions has been lifted. If the Options Clearing Corporation were to determine that the available supply of an underlying security appears insufficient to permit delivery by the writers of all outstanding calls in the event of exercise, it may prohibit indefinitely the exercise of put options. The fund, as holder of such a put option, could lose its entire investment if the prohibition remained in effect until the put option's expiration.

Foreign-traded options are subject to many of the same risks presented by internationally-traded securities. In addition, because of time differences between the United States and various foreign countries, and because different holidays are observed in different countries, foreign options markets may be open for trading during hours or on days when U.S. markets are closed. As a result, option premiums may not reflect the current prices of the underlying interest in the United States.

Over-the-counter ("OTC") options purchased by the fund and assets held to cover OTC options written by the fund may, under certain circumstances, be considered illiquid securities for purposes of any limitation on the fund's ability to invest in illiquid securities. The fund may use both European-style options, which are only exercisable immediately prior to their expiration, and American-style options, which are exercisable at any time prior to the expiration date.

In addition to options on securities and futures, the fund may also enter into options on futures, swaps, or other instruments as described elsewhere in this SAI.

Preferred Stocks and Convertible Securities

A preferred stock generally pays dividends at a specified rate and has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of an issuer's assets but is junior to the debt securities of the issuer in those same respects. The market prices of preferred stocks are subject to changes in interest rates and are more sensitive to changes in an issuer's creditworthiness than are the prices of debt securities. Shareholders of preferred stock may suffer a loss of value if dividends are not paid. Under ordinary circumstances, preferred stock does not carry voting rights. In addition, many preferred stocks may be called or redeemed prior to their maturity by the issuer under certain conditions.

Convertible securities include bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks and other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for, at a specific price or formula within a particular period of time, a prescribed amount of common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer. Convertible securities entitle the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or dividends paid or accrued on preferred stock until the security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged.

The market value of a convertible security is a function of its "investment value" and its "conversion value." A security's "investment value" represents the value of the security without its conversion feature (i.e., a nonconvertible fixed income security). The investment value may be determined by reference to its credit quality and the current value of its yield to maturity or probable call date. At any given time, investment value is dependent upon such factors as the general level of interest rates, the yield of similar nonconvertible securities, the financial strength of the issuer and the seniority of the security in the issuer's capital structure. A security's "conversion value" is determined by multiplying the number of shares the holder is entitled to receive upon conversion or exchange by the current price of the underlying security.

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If the conversion value of a convertible security is significantly below its investment value, the convertible security will trade like nonconvertible debt or preferred stock and its market value will not be influenced greatly by fluctuations in the market price of the underlying security. Conversely, if the conversion value of a convertible security is near or above its investment value, the market value of the convertible security will be more heavily influenced by fluctuations in the market price of the underlying security. Convertible securities generally have less potential for gain than common stocks.

The fund's investments in convertible securities may at times include securities that have a mandatory conversion feature, pursuant to which the securities convert automatically into common stock or other equity securities at a specified date and a specified conversion ratio, or that are convertible at the option of the issuer. Because conversion of the security is not at the option of the holder, the fund may be required to convert the security into the underlying common stock even at times when the value of the underlying common stock or other equity security has declined substantially.

The fund's investments in preferred stocks and convertible securities, particularly securities that are convertible into securities of an issuer other than the issuer of the convertible security, may be illiquid. The fund may not be able to dispose of such securities in a timely fashion or for a fair price, which could result in losses to the fund.

Private Placements and Restricted Securities

The fund may invest in securities that are purchased in private placements and, accordingly, are subject to restrictions on resale as a matter of contract or under federal securities laws. Because there may be relatively few potential purchasers for such investments, especially under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, the fund could find it more difficult to sell such securities when Putnam Management believes it advisable to do so or may be able to sell such securities only at prices lower than if such securities were more widely held. At times, it may also be more difficult to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of computing the fund's net asset value.

While such private placements may often offer attractive opportunities for investment not otherwise available on the open market, the securities so purchased are often "restricted securities," i.e., securities which cannot be sold to the public without registration under the Securities Act of 1933 or the availability of an exemption from registration (such as Rules 144 or 144A), or which are "not readily marketable" because they are subject to other legal or contractual delays in or restrictions on resale.

The absence of a trading market can make it difficult to ascertain a market value for illiquid investments. Disposing of illiquid investments may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and it may be difficult or impossible for the fund to sell them promptly at an acceptable price. The fund may have to bear the extra expense of registering such securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting such registration. In addition, market quotations are less readily available. The judgment of Putnam Management may at times play a greater role in valuing these securities than in the case of publicly traded securities.

Generally speaking, restricted securities may be sold only to qualified institutional buyers, or in a privately negotiated transaction to a limited number of purchasers, or in limited quantities after they have been held for a specified period of time and other conditions are met pursuant to an exemption from registration, or in a public offering for which a registration statement is in effect under the Securities Act of 1933. The fund may be deemed to be an "underwriter" for purposes of the Securities Act of 1933 when selling restricted securities to the public, and in such event the fund may be liable to purchasers of such securities if the registration statement prepared by the issuer, or the prospectus forming a part of it, is materially inaccurate or misleading. The SEC Staff currently takes the view that any delegation by the Trustees of the authority to determine that a restricted security is readily marketable (as described in the investment restrictions of the funds) must be pursuant to written procedures established by the Trustees and the Trustees have delegated such authority to Putnam Management.

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Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)

The fund may invest in REITs. REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in either real estate or real estate related loans. Like regulated investment companies such as the fund, REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided that they comply with certain requirements under the Internal Revenue Code. The fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any expenses paid by REITs in which it invests in addition to the fund’s own expenses.

REITs involve certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general (such as possible declines in the value of real estate, lack of availability of mortgage funds, or extended vacancies of property). REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the risk of borrower default. REITs, and mortgage REITs in particular, are also subject to interest rate risk. REITs are dependent upon their operators’ management skills, are generally not diversified (except to the extent the Internal Revenue Code requires), and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency and the risk of default by borrowers. REITs are also subject to the possibility of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code or failing to maintain their exemptions from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than more widely held securities.

The fund's investment in a REIT may require the fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received or may result in the fund making distributions that constitute a return of capital to fund shareholders for federal income tax purposes. In addition, distributions by a fund from REITs will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction, or, generally, for treatment as qualified dividend income.

Redeemable Securities

Certain securities held by the fund may permit the issuer at its option to "call," or redeem, its securities. If an issuer were to redeem securities held by the fund during a time of declining interest rates, the fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds in securities providing the same investment return as the securities redeemed.

Repurchase Agreements

The fund, unless it is a money market fund, may enter into repurchase agreements, amounting to not more than 25% of its total assets. Money market funds may invest without limit in repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a contract under which the fund acquires a security for a relatively short period (usually not more than one week) subject to the obligation of the seller to repurchase and the fund to resell such security at a fixed time and price (representing the fund's cost plus interest). It is the fund's present intention to enter into repurchase agreements only with commercial banks and registered broker-dealers and only with respect to obligations of the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. Repurchase agreements may also be viewed as loans made by the fund which are collateralized by the securities subject to repurchase. Putnam Management will monitor such transactions to ensure that the value of the underlying securities will be at least equal at all times to the total amount of the repurchase obligation, including the interest factor. If the seller defaults, the fund could realize a loss on the sale of the underlying security to the extent that the proceeds of the sale including accrued interest are less than the resale price provided in the agreement including interest. In addition, if the seller should be involved in bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, the fund may incur delay and costs in selling the underlying security or may suffer a loss of principal and interest if the fund is treated as an unsecured creditor and required to return the underlying collateral to the seller's estate.

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Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the fund may transfer uninvested cash balances into a joint account, along with cash of other Putnam funds and certain other accounts. These balances may be invested in one or more repurchase agreements and/or short-term money market instruments.

Securities Loans

The fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities, on either a short-term or long-term basis, amounting to not more than 25% of its total assets, thereby realizing additional income. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. If a borrower defaults, the value of the collateral may decline before the fund can dispose of it. As a matter of policy, securities loans are made to broker-dealers pursuant to agreements requiring that the loans be continuously secured by collateral consisting of cash or short-term debt obligations at least equal at all times to the value of the securities on loan, "marked-to-market" daily. The borrower pays to the fund an amount equal to any dividends or interest received on securities lent. The fund retains all or a portion of the interest received on investment of the cash collateral or receives a fee from the borrower. Although voting rights, or rights to consent, with respect to the loaned securities may pass to the borrower, the fund retains the right to call the loans at any time on reasonable notice, and it will do so to enable the fund to exercise voting rights on any matters materially affecting the investment. The fund may also call such loans in order to sell the securities. The fund may pay fees in connection with arranging loans of its portfolio securities.

Securities of Other Investment Companies

Securities of other investment companies, including shares of open- and closed-end investment companies and unit investment trusts (which may include exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”)), represent interests in collective investment portfolios that, in turn, invest directly in underlying instruments. The fund may invest in other investment companies when it has more uninvested cash than Putnam Management believes is advisable, when it receives cash collateral from securities lending arrangements, when there is a shortage of direct investments available, or when Putnam Management believes that investment companies offer attractive values.

Investment companies may be structured to perform in a similar fashion to a broad-based securities index or may focus on a particular strategy or class of assets. ETFs typically seek to track the performance or dividend yield of specific indexes or companies in related industries. These indexes may be broad-based, sector-based or international. Investing in investment companies involves substantially the same risks as investing directly in the underlying instruments, but also involves expenses at the investment company-level, such as portfolio management fees and operating expenses. These expenses are in addition to the fees and expenses of the fund itself, which may lead to duplication of expenses while the fund owns another investment company’s shares. In addition, investing in investment companies involves the risk that they will not perform in exactly the same fashion, or in response to the same factors, as the underlying instruments or index. To the extent the fund invests in other investment companies that are professionally managed, its performance will also depend on the investment and research abilities of investment managers other than Putnam Management.

Open-end investment companies typically offer their shares continuously at net asset value plus any applicable sales charge and stand ready to redeem shares upon shareholder request. The shares of certain other types of investment companies, such as ETFs and closed-end investment companies, typically trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter at a premium or a discount to their net asset value. In the case of closed-end investment companies, the number of shares is typically fixed. The securities of closed-end investment companies and ETFs carry the risk that the price the fund pays or receives may be higher or lower than the investment company’s net asset value. ETFs and closed-end investment companies are also subject to certain additional risks, including the risks of illiquidity and of possible trading halts due to market conditions or other reasons, based on the policies of the relevant exchange. The shares of investment companies, particularly closed-end investment companies, may also be leveraged, which would increase the volatility of the fund’s net asset value.

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The extent to which the fund can invest in securities of other investment companies, including ETFs, is generally limited by federal securities laws.

Short-term Trading

In seeking the fund's objective(s), Putnam Management will buy or sell portfolio securities whenever Putnam Management believes it appropriate to do so. From time to time the fund will buy securities intending to seek short-term trading profits. A change in the securities held by the fund is known as "portfolio turnover" and generally involves some expense to the fund. This expense may include brokerage commissions or dealer markups and other transaction costs on both the sale of securities and the reinvestment of the proceeds in other securities. If sales of portfolio securities cause the fund to realize net short-term capital gains, such gains will be taxable as ordinary income. As a result of the fund's investment policies, under certain market conditions the fund's portfolio turnover rate may be higher than that of other mutual funds. Portfolio turnover rate for a fiscal year is the ratio of the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities to the monthly average of the value of portfolio securities -- excluding securities whose maturities at acquisition were one year or less. The fund's portfolio turnover rate is not a limiting factor when Putnam Management considers a change in the fund's portfolio.

Structured investments

A structured investment is a security having a return tied to an underlying index or other security or asset class. Structured investments generally are individually negotiated agreements and may be traded over-the-counter. Structured investments are organized and operated to restructure the investment characteristics of the underlying security. This restructuring involves the deposit with or purchase by an entity, such as a corporation or trust, or specified instruments (such as commercial bank loans) and the issuance by that entity or one or more classes of securities (“structured securities”) backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying instruments. The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned among the newly issued structured securities to create securities with different investment characteristics, such as varying maturities, payment priorities and interest rate provisions, and the extent of such payments made with respect to structured securities is dependent on the extent of the cash flow on the underlying instruments. Because structured securities typically involve no credit enhancement, their credit risk generally will be equivalent to that of the underlying instruments. Investments in structured securities are generally of a class of structured securities that is either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class. Subordinated structured securities typically have higher yields and present greater risks than unsubordinated structured securities. Structured securities are typically sold in private placement transactions, and there currently is no active trading market for structured securities. Investments in government and government-related and restructured debt instruments are subject to special risks, including the inability or unwillingness to repay principal and interest, requests to reschedule or restructure outstanding debt and requests to extend additional loan amounts.

Swap Agreements

The fund may enter into swap agreements and other types of over-the-counter transactions such as caps, floors and collars with broker-dealers or other financial institutions for hedging or investment purposes. A swap involves the exchange by the fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive cash flows, e.g., an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed-rate payments. The purchase of a cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index or other underlying financial measure exceeds a predetermined value, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the cap. The purchase of a floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index or other underlying financial measure falls or other underlying measure below a predetermined value, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the floor. A collar combines elements of a cap and a floor.

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Swap agreements and similar transactions can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Depending on their structures, swap agreements may increase or decrease the fund's exposure to long-or short-term interest rates (in the United States or abroad), foreign currency values, mortgage securities, corporate borrowing rates, or other factors such as security prices, inflation rates or the volatility of an index or one or more securities. For example, if the fund agrees to exchange payments in U.S. dollars for payments in a non-U.S. currency, the swap agreement would tend to decrease the fund's exposure to U.S. interest rates and increase its exposure to that non-U.S. currency and interest rates. The fund may also engage in total return swaps, in which payments made by the fund or the counterparty are based on the total return of a particular reference asset or assets (such as an equity or fixed-income security, a combination of such securities, or an index). The value of the fund's swap positions would increase or decrease depending on the changes in value of the underlying rates, currency values, volatility or other indices or measures. Caps and floors have an effect similar to buying or writing options. Depending on how they are used, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of a fund’s investments and its share price. The fund's ability to engage in certain swap transactions may be limited by tax considerations.

The fund’s ability to realize a profit from such transactions will depend on the ability of the financial institutions with which it enters into the transactions to meet their obligations to the fund. If a counterparty's creditworthiness declines, the value of the agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in losses. If a default occurs by the other party to such transaction, the fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction, which may be limited by applicable law in the case of a counterparty's insolvency. Under certain circumstances, suitable transactions may not be available to the fund, or the fund may be unable to close out its position under such transactions at the same time, or at the same price, as if it had purchased comparable publicly traded securities.

The fund may also enter into options on swap agreements ("swaptions"). A swaption is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation) to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement, at some designated future time on specified terms. The fund may write (sell) and purchase put and call swaptions to the same extent it may make use of standard options on securities or other instruments. Swaptions are generally subject to the same risks involved in the fund’s use of options. See “Options on Securities.”

The fund may enter into credit default swap contracts for investment purposes. As the seller in a credit default swap contract, the fund would be required to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or non-U.S. corporate issuer, on the debt obligation. Credit default swaps may also be structured based on the debt of a basket of issuers, rather than a single issuer, and may be customized with respect to the default event that triggers purchase or other factors (for example, the N^th default within a basket, or defaults by a particular combination of issuers within the basket, may trigger a payment obligation). In return for its obligation, the fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. As the seller, the fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

The fund may also purchase credit default swap contracts in order to hedge against the risk of default of the debt of a particular issuer or basket of issuers, in which case the fund would function as the counterparty referenced in the preceding paragraph. This would involve the risk that the investment may expire worthless and would only generate income in the event of an actual default by the issuer(s) of the underlying obligation(s) (or, as applicable, a credit downgrade or other indication of financial instability). It would also involve the risk that the seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the fund in the event of a default. The purchase of credit default swaps involves costs, which will reduce the fund’s return.

Tax-exempt Securities

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General description. As used in this SAI, the term "Tax-exempt securities" includes debt obligations issued by a state, its political subdivisions (for example, counties, cities, towns, villages, districts and authorities) and their agencies, instrumentalities or other governmental units, the interest from which is, in the opinion of bond counsel, exempt from federal income tax and (if applicable) the corresponding state’s personal income tax. Such obligations are issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities, such as airports, bridges, highways, housing, hospitals, mass transportation, schools, streets and water and sewer works. Other public purposes for which Tax-exempt securities may be issued include the refunding of outstanding obligations or the payment of general operating expenses.

Short-term Tax-exempt securities are generally issued by state and local governments and public authorities as interim financing in anticipation of tax collections, revenue receipts or bond sales to finance such public purposes.

In addition, certain types of "private activity" bonds may be issued by public authorities to finance projects such as privately operated housing facilities; certain local facilities for supplying water, gas or electricity; sewage or solid waste disposal facilities; student loans; or public or private institutions for the construction of educational, hospital, housing and other facilities. Such obligations are included within the term Tax-exempt securities if the interest paid thereon is, in the opinion of bond counsel, exempt from federal income tax and (if applicable) state personal income tax (such interest may, however, be subject to federal alternative minimum tax). Other types of private activity bonds, the proceeds of which are used for the construction, repair or improvement of, or to obtain equipment for, privately operated industrial or commercial facilities, may also constitute Tax-exempt securities, although the current federal tax laws place substantial limitations on the size of such issues.

Tax-exempt securities share many of the structural features and risks of other bonds, as described elsewhere in this SAI. For example, the fund may purchase callable Tax-exempt securities, zero-coupon Tax-exempt securities, or “stripped” Tax-exempt securities, which entail additional risks. The fund may also purchase structured or asset-backed Tax-exempt securities, such as the securities (including preferred stock) of special purpose entities that hold interests in the Tax-exempt securities of one or more issuers and issue “tranched” securities that are entitled to receive payments based on the cash flows from those underlying securities. See “Redeemable securities,” “Zero-coupon and payment-in-kind bonds,” “Structured investments,” and “Mortgage-related and Asset-Backed Securities” in this SAI. Structured Tax-exempt securities may involve increased risk that the interest received by the fund may not be exempt from federal or state income tax, or that such interest may result in liability for the alternative minimum tax for shareholders of the fund. For example, in certain cases, the issuers of certain securities held by a special purpose entity may not have received an unqualified opinion of bond counsel that the interest from the securities will be exempt from federal income tax and (if applicable) the corresponding state’s personal income tax.

The amount of information about the financial condition of an issuer of tax-exempt securities may not be as extensive as that which is made available by corporations whose securities are publicly traded. As a result, the achievement of the fund's goals is more dependent on Putnam Management's investment analysis than would be the case if the fund were investing in securities of better-known issuers.

Escrow-secured or pre-refunded bonds. These securities are created when an issuer uses the proceeds from a new bond issue to buy high grade, interest-bearing debt securities, generally direct obligations of the U.S. government, in order to redeem (or “pre-refund”), before maturity, an outstanding bond issue that is not immediately callable. These securities are then deposited in an irrevocable escrow account held by a trustee bank to secure all future payments of principal and interest on the pre-refunded bond until that bond’s call date. Pre-refunded bonds often receive an ‘AAA’ or equivalent rating. Because pre-refunded bonds still bear the same interest rate, and have a very high credit quality, their price may increase. However, as the original bond approaches its call date, the bond's price will fall to its call price.

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Residual interest bonds. The fund may invest in residual interest bonds, which are created by depositing municipal securities in a trust and dividing the income stream of an underlying municipal bond in two parts, one, a variable rate security and the other, a residual interest bond. The interest rate for the variable rate security is determined by an index or a periodic auction process, while the residual interest bond holder receives the balance of the income from the underlying municipal bond less an auction fee. The market prices of residual interest bonds may be highly sensitive to changes in market rates and may decrease significantly when market rates increase.

Participation interests (Money Market Funds only). The money market funds may invest in Tax-exempt securities either by purchasing them directly or by purchasing certificates of accrual or similar instruments evidencing direct ownership of interest payments or principal payments, or both, on Tax-exempt securities, provided that, in the opinion of counsel, any discount accruing on a certificate or instrument that is purchased at a yield not greater than the coupon rate of interest on the related Tax-exempt securities will be exempt from federal income tax to the same extent as interest on the Tax-exempt securities. The money market funds may also invest in Tax-exempt securities by purchasing from banks participation interests in all or part of specific holdings of Tax-exempt securities. These participations may be backed in whole or in part by an irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee of the selling bank. The selling bank may receive a fee from the money market funds in connection with the arrangement. The money market funds will not purchase such participation interests unless it receives an opinion of counsel or a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service that interest earned by it on Tax-exempt securities in which it holds such participation interests is exempt from federal income tax. No money market fund expects to invest more than 5% of its assets in participation interests.

Stand-by commitments. When the fund purchases Tax-exempt securities, it has the authority to acquire stand-by commitments from banks and broker-dealers with respect to those Tax-exempt securities. A stand-by commitment may be considered a security independent of the Tax-exempt security to which it relates. The amount payable by a bank or dealer during the time a stand-by commitment is exercisable, absent unusual circumstances, would be substantially the same as the market value of the underlying Tax-exempt security to a third party at any time. The fund expects that stand-by commitments generally will be available without the payment of direct or indirect consideration. The fund does not expect to assign any value to stand-by commitments.

Yields. The yields on Tax-exempt securities depend on a variety of factors, including general money market conditions, effective marginal tax rates, the financial condition of the issuer, general conditions of the Tax-exempt security market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. The ratings of nationally recognized securities rating agencies represent their opinions as to the credit quality of the Tax-exempt securities which they undertake to rate. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, Tax-exempt securities with the same maturity and interest rate but with different ratings may have the same yield. Yield disparities may occur for reasons not directly related to the investment quality of particular issues or the general movement of interest rates and may be due to such factors as changes in the overall demand or supply of various types of Tax-exempt securities or changes in the investment objectives of investors. Subsequent to purchase by the fund, an issue of Tax-exempt securities or other investments may cease to be rated, or its rating may be reduced below the minimum rating required for purchase by the fund. Neither event will require the elimination of an investment from the fund's portfolio, but Putnam Management will consider such an event in its determination of whether the fund should continue to hold an investment in its portfolio.

"Moral obligation" bonds. The fund does not currently intend to invest in so-called "moral obligation" bonds, where repayment is backed by a moral commitment of an entity other than the issuer, unless the credit of the issuer itself, without regard to the "moral obligation," meets the investment criteria established for investments by the fund.

Municipal leases. The fund may acquire participations in lease obligations or installment purchase contract obligations (collectively, “lease obligations”) of municipal authorities or entities. Lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipality for which the municipality’s taxing power is pledged. Certain

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of these lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses, which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. In the case of a “non-appropriation” lease, the fund’s ability to recover under the lease in the event of non-appropriation or default will be limited solely to the repossession of the leased property, and in any event, foreclosure of that property might prove difficult.

Additional risks. Securities in which the fund may invest, including Tax-exempt securities, are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the federal Bankruptcy Code (including special provisions related to municipalities and other public entities), and laws, if any, that may be enacted by Congress or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations. There is also the possibility that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the power, ability or willingness of issuers to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal on their Tax-exempt securities may be materially affected.

From time to time, proposals have been introduced before Congress for the purpose of restricting or eliminating the federal income tax exemption for interest on debt obligations issued by states and their political subdivisions. Federal tax laws limit the types and amounts of tax-exempt bonds issuable for certain purposes, especially industrial development bonds and private activity bonds. Such limits may affect the future supply and yields of these types of Tax-exempt securities. Further proposals limiting the issuance of Tax-exempt securities may well be introduced in the future. If it appeared that the availability of Tax-exempt securities for investment by the fund and the value of the fund's portfolio could be materially affected by such changes in law, the Trustees of the fund would reevaluate its investment objective and policies and consider changes in the structure of the fund or its dissolution.

Warrants

The fund may invest in warrants, which are instruments that give the fund the right to purchase certain securities from an issuer at a specific price (the “strike price”) for a limited period of time. The strike price of warrants typically is much lower than the current market price of the underlying securities, yet they are subject to similar price fluctuations. As a result, warrants may be more volatile investments than the underlying securities and may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying securities and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. Also, the value of the warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities and a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to the expiration date. These factors can make warrants more speculative than other types of investments.

In addition to warrants on securities, the fund may purchase put warrants and call warrants whose values vary depending on the change in the value of one or more specified securities indices ("index warrants"). Index warrants are generally issued by banks or other financial institutions and give the holder the right, at any time during the term of the warrant, to receive upon exercise of the warrant a cash payment from the issuer based on the value of the underlying index at the time of exercise. In general, if the value of the underlying index rises above the exercise price of the index warrant, the holder of a call warrant will be entitled to receive a cash payment from the issuer upon exercise based on the difference between the value of the index and the exercise price of the warrant; if the value of the underlying index falls, the holder of a put warrant will be entitled to receive a cash payment from the issuer upon exercise based on the difference between the exercise price of the warrant and the value of the index. The holder of a warrant would not be entitled to any payments from the issuer at any time when, in the case of a call warrant, the exercise price is greater than the value of the underlying index, or, in the case of a put warrant, the exercise price is less than the value of the underlying index. If the fund were not to exercise an index warrant prior to its expiration, then the fund would lose the amount of the purchase price paid by it for the warrant.

The fund will normally use index warrants in a manner similar to its use of options on securities indices. The risks of the fund's use of index warrants are generally similar to those relating to its use of index options.

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Unlike most index options, however, index warrants are issued in limited amounts and are not obligations of a regulated clearing agency, but are backed only by the credit of the bank or other institution which issues the warrant. Also, index warrants generally have longer terms than index options. Index warrants are not likely to be as liquid as certain index options backed by a recognized clearing agency. In addition, the terms of index warrants may limit the fund's ability to exercise the warrants at such time, or in such quantities, as the fund would otherwise wish to do.

Zero-coupon and Payment-in-kind Bonds

The fund may invest without limit in so-called "zero-coupon" bonds and "payment-in-kind" bonds. Zero-coupon bonds are issued at a significant discount from their principal amount in lieu of paying interest periodically. Payment-in-kind bonds allow the issuer, at its option, to make current interest payments on the bonds either in cash or in additional bonds. Because zero-coupon and payment-in-kind bonds do not pay current interest in cash, their value is subject to greater fluctuation in response to changes in market interest rates than bonds that pay interest currently. Both zero-coupon and payment-in-kind bonds allow an issuer to avoid the need to generate cash to meet current interest payments. Accordingly, such bonds may involve greater credit risks than bonds paying interest currently in cash. The fund is required to accrue interest income on such investments and to distribute such amounts at least annually to shareholders even though such bonds do not pay current interest in cash. Thus, it may be necessary at times for the fund to liquidate other investments in order to satisfy its distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code.

TAXES

The following discussion of U.S. Federal income tax consequences is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), existing U.S. Treasury regulations, and other applicable authority, as of the date of this SAI. These authorities are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, possibly with retroactive effect. The following discussion is only a summary of some of the important U.S. Federal tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the fund. There may be other tax considerations applicable to particular shareholders. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding their particular situation and the possible application of foreign, state and local tax laws.

Taxation of the fund. The fund intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, the fund must, among other things:

(a) derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale of stock, securities and foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies;

(b) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction for dividends paid--generally, taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and net tax-exempt interest income, for such year; and

(c) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the fund’s taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the fund’s total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the fund’s total assets is invested (x) in the securities (other than those of the U.S. Government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers which the fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or (y) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined

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below). In the case of the fund’s investments in loan participations, the fund shall treat a financial intermediary as an issuer for the purposes of meeting this diversification requirement.

In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in paragraph (a) above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized by the regulated investment company. However, the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (the “2004 Act”), provides that for taxable years of a regulated investment company beginning after October 22, 2004, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (defined as a partnership (i) interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (ii) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in paragraph (a) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. Finally, for purposes of paragraph (c) above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership.

If the fund qualifies as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment, the fund will not be subject to federal income tax on income distributed in a timely manner, to its shareholders in the form of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below).

If the fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year, the fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, the fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before requalifying as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.

If the fund fails to distribute in a calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income for such year and substantially all of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 (or later if the fund is permitted so to elect and so elects), plus any retained amount from the prior year, the fund will be subject to a 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. A dividend paid to shareholders by the fund in January of a year generally is deemed to have been paid by the fund on December 31 of the preceding year, if the dividend was declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year. The fund intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax.

Fund distributions. Distributions from the fund (other than exempt-interest dividends, as discussed below) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income to the extent derived from the fund’s investment income and net short-term capital gains. Properly designated distributions of net capital gains (that is, the excess of net gains from the sale of capital assets held more than one year over net losses from the sale of capital assets held for not more than one year) (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable to shareholders as such, regardless of how long a shareholder has held the shares in the fund.

If a fund invests all of its assets in shares of underlying funds, its distributable income and gains will normally consist entirely of distributions from underlying funds and gains and losses on the disposition of shares of underlying funds. To the extent that an underlying fund realizes net losses on its investments for a given taxable year, the fund will not be able to recognize its share of those losses (so as to offset distributions of net income or capital gains from other underlying funds) until it disposes of shares of the underlying fund or those losses reduce distributions required to be made by the underlying fund. Moreover, even when the fund does make such a disposition, a portion of its loss may be recognized as a long-term capital loss, which will not be treated as favorably for federal income tax purposes as a short-term capital loss or an ordinary deduction would be. In particular, the fund will not be able to offset any capital losses from its dispositions of underlying fund shares against its ordinary income (including distributions of any net short-term capital gains realized by an underlying fund). As a result of the foregoing rules, and certain other special rules, the amounts of net

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investment income and net capital gains that the fund will be required to distribute to shareholders may be greater than such amounts would have been had the fund invested directly in the securities held by the underlying funds, rather than investing in shares of the underlying funds. For similar reasons, the character of distributions from a fund (e.g., long-term capital gain, exempt interest, eligibility for dividends-received deduction, etc.) will not necessarily be the same as it would have been had the fund invested directly in the securities held by the underlying funds.

For taxable years beginning ^before ^January 1, 2009, “qualified dividend income” received by an individual will be taxed at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain. In order for some portion of the dividends received by a fund shareholder to be qualified dividend income, the fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to some portion of the dividend-paying stocks in its portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the fund’s shares. A dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (at either the fund or shareholder level) (1) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, on the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date), (2) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (3) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment interest, or (4) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (a) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States) or (b) treated as a passive foreign investment company.

In general, distributions of investment income designated by a fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income by a shareholder taxed as an individual provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described above with respect to such fund’s shares. In any event, if the aggregate qualified dividends received by a fund during any taxable year are 95% or more of its gross income, then 100% of the fund’s dividends (other than properly designated Capital Gain Dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. For this purpose, the only gain included in the term “gross income” is the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss.

In general, fixed-income and money market funds receive interest, rather than dividends, from their portfolio securities. As a result, it is not currently expected that any significant portion of such funds’ distributions to shareholders will be derived from qualified dividend income.

If a fund receives dividends from an underlying fund that qualifies as a regulated investment company, and the underlying fund designates such dividends as “qualified dividend income,” then the fund may, in turn, designate a portion of its distributions as “qualified dividend income” as well, provided the fund meets the holding period and other requirements with respect to shares of the underlying fund.

Long-term capital gain rates applicable to individuals have been temporarily reduced--in general, to 15% with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets-- for taxable years beginning ^before ^January 1, 2009.

Exempt-interest dividends. The fund will be qualified to pay exempt-interest dividends to its shareholders only if, at the close of each quarter of the fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of the total value of the fund’s assets consists of obligations the interest on which is exempt from federal income tax. Distributions that the fund properly designates as exempt-interest dividends are treated as interest excludable from shareholders’ gross income for federal income tax purposes but may be taxable for federal alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) purposes and for state and local purposes. If the fund intends to qualify to pay exempt-interest dividends, the fund may be limited in its ability to enter into taxable transactions involving forward commitments, repurchase agreements, financial futures and options contracts on financial futures, tax-exempt bond indices and other assets.

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Part or all of the interest on indebtedness, if any, incurred or continued by a shareholder to purchase or carry shares of the fund paying exempt-interest dividends is not deductible. The portion of interest that is not deductible is equal to the total interest paid or accrued on the indebtedness, multiplied by the percentage of the fund’s total distributions (not including distributions from net long-term capital gains) paid to the shareholder that are exempt-interest dividends. Under rules used by the Internal Revenue Service to determine when borrowed funds are considered used for the purpose of purchasing or carrying particular assets, the purchase of shares may be considered to have been made with borrowed funds even though such funds are not directly traceable to the purchase of shares.

In general, exempt-interest dividends, if any, attributable to interest received on certain private activity obligations and certain industrial development bonds will not be tax-exempt to any shareholders who are “substantial users” of the facilities financed by such obligations or bonds or who are “related persons” of such substantial users.

A fund that is qualified to pay exempt-interest dividends will inform investors within 60 days of the fund’s fiscal year-end of the percentage of its income distributions designated as tax-exempt. The percentage is applied uniformly to all distributions made during the year. The percentage of income designated as tax-exempt for any particular distribution may be substantially different from the percentage of the fund’s income that was tax-exempt during the period covered by the distribution.

Exempt-interest dividends may be taxable for purposes of the federal AMT. For individual shareholders, exempt-interest dividends that are derived from interest on private activity bonds that are issued after August 7, 1986 (other than a “qualified 501(c)(3) bond,” as such term is defined in the Code) generally must be included in an individual’s tax base for purposes of calculating the shareholder’s liability for federal AMT. Corporate shareholders will be required to include all exempt-interest dividends in determining their federal AMT. The AMT calculation for corporations is based, in part, on a corporation’s earnings and profits for the year. A corporation must include all exempt-interest dividends in calculating its earnings and profits for the year.

Putnam AMT-Free Insured Municipal Fund intends to distribute exempt-interest dividends that will not be taxable for federal AMT purposes for individuals. It intends to make such distributions by investing in tax exempt securities other than private activity bonds that are issued after August 7, 1986 (other than “qualified 501(c)(3) bonds,” as such term is defined in the Code). Because corporate shareholders are required to include all exempt-interest dividends in determining their federal AMT, exempt-interest dividends distributed by Putnam AMT-Free Insured Municipal Fund will be taxable for purposes of the federal AMT.

Hedging transactions. If the fund engages in hedging transactions, including hedging transactions in options, futures contracts, and straddles, or other similar transactions, it will be subject to special tax rules (including constructive sale, mark-to-market, straddle, wash sale, and short sale rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the fund, defer losses to the fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains or convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders. The fund will endeavor to make any available elections pertaining to such transactions in a manner believed to be in the best interests of the fund.

Certain of the fund’s hedging activities (including its transactions, if any, in foreign currencies or foreign currency-denominated instruments) are likely to produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If the fund’s book income exceeds its taxable income, the distribution (if any) of such excess will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the fund’s remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in the shares, and (iii) thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If the fund’s book income is less than its taxable income (or, for tax-exempt funds, the sum of its net tax-exempt and taxable income), the fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.

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In general, 40% of the gain or loss arising from the closing out of a futures contract traded on an exchange approved by the CFTC is treated as short-term gain or loss, and 60% is treated as long-term gain or loss.

Return of capital distributions. If the fund makes a distribution to you in excess of its current and accumulated “earnings and profits” in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of your tax basis in your shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces your tax basis in your shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by you of your shares.

Dividends and distributions on the fund’s shares are generally subject to federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the fund’s realized income and gains, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the fund’s net asset value reflects gains that are either unrealized, or realized but not distributed. Distributions are taxable to a shareholder even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the fund prior to the shareholder’s investment (and thus included in the price paid by the shareholder).

Securities issued or purchased at a discount. The fund’s investment in securities issued at a discount and certain other obligations will (and investments in securities purchased at a discount may) require the fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. In order to generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise would have continued to hold.

Capital loss carryover. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryovers. The amounts and expiration dates of any capital loss carryovers available to the fund are shown in Note 1 (Federal income taxes) to the financial statements included in Part I of this SAI or incorporated by reference into this SAI.

Foreign currency-denominated securities and related hedging transactions. The fund’s transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt securities and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned.

If more than 50% of the fund’s assets at year end consists of the securities of foreign corporations, the fund may elect to permit shareholders to claim a credit or deduction on their income tax returns for their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by the fund to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities the fund has held for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. In such a case, shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes. A shareholder’s ability to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by the fund may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, as a result of which a shareholder may not get a full credit or deduction for the amount of such taxes. In particular, shareholders must hold their fund shares (without protection from risk of loss) on the ex-dividend date and for at least 15 additional days during the 30-day period surrounding the ex-dividend date to be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to a given dividend. Shareholders who do not itemize on their federal income tax returns may claim a credit (but no deduction) for such foreign taxes.

Under current law, a fund cannot pass through to shareholders foreign tax credits borne in respect of foreign securities income earned by underlying funds. In general, a fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders foreign income taxes it pays only in the case where it directly holds more than 50% of its assets in foreign stock and securities at the close of its taxable year. Foreign securities held indirectly through an underlying fund do not contribute to this 50% threshold.

Investment by the fund in “passive foreign investment companies” could subject the fund to a U.S. federal income tax or other charge on the proceeds from the sale of its investment in such a company; however, this

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tax can be avoided by making an election to mark such investments to market annually or to treat the passive foreign investment company as a “qualified electing fund.”

A “passive foreign investment company” is any foreign corporation: (i) 75 percent or more of the income of which for the taxable year is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of the assets of which (generally by value, but by adjusted tax basis in certain cases) that produce or are held for the production of passive income is at least 50 percent. Generally, passive income for this purpose means dividends, interest (including income equivalent to interest), royalties, rents, annuities, the excess of gains over losses from certain property transactions and commodities transactions, and foreign currency gains. Passive income for this purpose does not include rents and royalties received by the foreign corporation from active business and certain income received from related persons.

Sale or redemption of shares. The sale, exchange or redemption of fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise the gain or loss on the sale, exchange or redemption of fund shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, if a shareholder sells shares at a loss within six months of purchase, any loss will be disallowed for Federal income tax purposes to the extent of any exempt-interest dividends received on such shares. In addition, any loss (not already disallowed as provided in the preceding sentence) realized upon a taxable disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any Capital Gain Dividends received by the shareholder with respect to the shares. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of fund shares will be disallowed if other shares of the same fund are purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

Depending on a fund’s percentage ownership in an underlying fund both before and after a redemption of underlying fund shares, the fund’s redemption of shares of such underlying fund may cause the fund to be treated as receiving a dividend taxable as ordinary income on the full amount of the distribution instead of receiving capital gain income on the shares of the underlying fund. This would be the case where the fund holds a significant interest in an underlying fund and redeems only a small portion of such interest.

Shares purchased through tax-qualified plans. Special tax rules apply to investments though defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the suitability of shares of a fund as an investment through such plans and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situation.

Backup withholding. The fund generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable dividends and other distributions paid to any individual shareholder who fails to furnish the fund with a correct taxpayer identification number (TIN), who has under-reported dividends or interest income, or who fails to certify to the fund that he or she is not subject to such withholding. The back-up withholding tax rate is 28% for amounts paid through 2010. This legislation will expire and the back-up withholding rate will be 31% for amounts paid after December 31, 2010, unless Congress enacts tax legislation providing otherwise.

In order for a foreign investor to qualify for exemption from the back-up withholding tax rates and for reduced withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, the foreign investor must comply with special certification and filing requirements. Foreign investors in a fund should consult their tax advisers in this regard.

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Tax shelter reporting regulations. Under U.S. Treasury regulations issued on February 28, 2003, if a shareholder realizes a loss on disposition of fund shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the Internal Revenue Service a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies.

Non-U.S. Shareholders. In general, dividends (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid by the fund to a shareholder that is not a “U.S. person” within the meaning of the Code (a “foreign person”) are subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) even if they are funded by income or gains (such as portfolio interest, short-term capital gains, or foreign-source dividend and interest income) that, if paid to a foreign person directly, would not be subject to withholding. However, under the 2004 Act, effective for taxable years of the fund beginning after December 31, 2004 and before January 1, 2008, the fund will not be required to withhold any amounts (i) with respect to distributions (other than distributions to a foreign person (w) that has not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a U.S. person, (x) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign person is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (y) that is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (z) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the foreign person and the foreign person is a controlled foreign corporation) from U.S.-source interest income that would not be subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign person, to the extent such distributions are properly designated by the fund (an “interest-related dividend”), and (ii) with respect to distributions (other than distributions to an individual foreign person who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution) of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, to the extent such distributions are properly designated by the fund (a “short-term capital gain dividend”). A fund may opt not to designate dividends as interest-related dividends or short-term capital gain dividends to the full extent permitted by the Code. In addition, as indicated above, Capital Gain Dividends will not be subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax.

The fact that a fund achieves its investment objectives by investing in underlying funds will generally not adversely affect the fund’s ability to pass on to foreign shareholders the full benefit of the interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends that it receives from its underlying investments in the funds, except possibly to the extent that (1) interest-related dividends received by the fund are offset by deductions allocable to the fund’s qualified interest income or (2) short-term capital gain dividends received by the fund are offset by the fund’s net short- or long-term capital losses, in which case the amount of a distribution from the fund to a foreign shareholder that is properly designated as either an interest-related dividend or a short-term capital gain dividend, respectively, may be less than the amount that such shareholder would have received had they invested directly in the underlying funds.

If a beneficial holder who is a foreign person has a trade or business in the United States, and the dividends are effectively connected with the conduct by the beneficial holder of a trade or business in the United States, the dividend will be subject to U.S. federal net income taxation at regular income tax rates.

The 2004 Act modifies the tax treatment of distributions from a fund that are paid to a foreign person and are attributable to gain from “U.S. real property interests” (“USRPIs”), which the Code defines to include direct holdings of U.S. real property and interests (other than solely as a creditor) in “U.S. real property holding corporations” such as REITs. The Code deems any corporation that holds (or held during the previous five-year period) USRPIs with a fair market value equal to 50% or more of the fair market value of the corporation’s U.S. and foreign real property assets and other assets used or held for use in a trade or business to be a U.S. real property holding corporation; however, if any class of stock of a corporation is traded on an established securities market, stock of such class shall be treated as a USRPI only in the case of a person who holds more than 5% of such class of stock at any time during the previous five-year period. Under the 2004 Act, which is generally effective for taxable years of RICs beginning after December 31, 2004 and which applies to dividends paid or deemed paid on or before December 31, 2007, distributions to foreign persons

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attributable to gains from the sale or exchange of USRPIs (a “FIRPTA Distribution”) will give rise to an obligation for those foreign persons to file a U.S. tax return and pay tax, and may well be subject to withholding under future regulations. Under current law, a distribution to a foreign shareholder by a fund that invests all of its assets in shares of underlying funds is not anticipated to be characterized as a FIRPTA Distribution.

Under U.S. federal tax law, a beneficial holder of shares who is a foreign person is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of the fund or on Capital Gain Dividends unless (i) such gain or Capital Gain Dividend is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on by such holder within the United States, (ii) in the case of an individual holder, the holder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale or Capital Gain Dividend and certain other conditions are met, or (iii) the shares constitute USRPIs or (effective for taxable years of the fund beginning after December 31, 2004) the Capital Gain Dividends are paid or deemed paid on or before December 31, 2007 and are attributable to gains from the sale or exchange of USRPIs.

MANAGEMENT

Trustees

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Name, Address¹, Year of	Principal	Other Directorships Held by Trustee
Birth, Position(s) Held with	Occupation(s) During
Fund and Length of Service	Past 5 Years
as a Putnam Fund Trustee²

Jameson A. Baxter (Born	President of Baxter	Director of ASHTA Chemicals, Inc., Banta
1943), Trustee since 1994 and	Associates, Inc., a	Corporation (a printing and digital imaging firm),
Vice Chairman since 2005	private investment firm	Ryerson Tull, Inc. (a steel service corporation), the
	that she founded in	Mutual Fund Directors Forum, Advocate Health
	1986.	Care and BoardSource (formerly the National Center
		for Nonprofit Boards). She is Chairman Emeritus of
		the Board of Trustees, Mount Holyoke College,
		having served as Chairman for five years and as a
		board member for thirteen years. Until 2002, Ms.
		Baxter was a Director of Intermatic Corporation (a
		manufacturer of energy control products).

Charles B. Curtis (Born	President and Chief	Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the
1940), Trustee since 2001	Operating Officer,	Trustee Advisory Council of the Applied Physics
	Nuclear Threat Initiative	Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University. Until 2003,
	(a private foundation	Mr. Curtis was a Member of the Electric Power
	dealing with national	Research Institute Advisory Council and the
	security issues) and	University of Chicago Board of Governors for
	serves as Senior Advisor	Argonne National Laboratory. Prior to 2002, Mr.
	to the United Nations	Curtis was a Member of the Board of Directors of
	Foundation.	the Gas Technology Institute and the Board of
		Directors of the Environment and Natural Resources
		Program Steering Committee, John F. Kennedy
		School of Government, Harvard University. Until
		2001, Mr. Curtis was a Member of the Department
		of Defense Policy Board and Director of EG&G
		Technical Services, Inc. (a fossil energy research
		and development support company).

Myra R. Drucker (Born	Until August 31, 2004,	Vice Chair of the Board of Trustees of Sarah
1948), Trustee since 2004	Ms. Drucker was	Lawrence College. She is a Trustee of Commonfund
	Managing Director and a	(a not-for-profit firm specializing in asset
	member of the Board of	management for educational endowments and
	Directors of General	foundations) and a member of the Investment
	Motors Asset	Committee of the Kresge Foundation (a charitable
	Management and Chief	trust). She is an ex-officio member of the New York
	Investment Officer of	Stock Exchange (NYSE) Pension Managers
	General Motors Trust	Advisory Committee, having served as Chair for
	Bank. Prior to 2001, she	seven years, and a member of the Executive
	served as Chief	Committee of the Committee on Investment of
	Investment Officer of	Employee Benefit Assets. She is Chair of the
	Xerox Corporation (a	Advisory Board of Hamilton Lane Advisors (an
	technology and service	investment management firm) and a member of the
	company in the	Advisory Board of RCM (an investment
	document industry).	management firm). Until August 2001, Ms. Drucker
		served as a member of the NYSE Corporate
		Accountability and Listing Standards Committee
		and the NYSE/NASD IPO Advisory Committee.


John A. Hill (Born 1942),	Vice Chairman, First	Director of Devon Energy Corporation,
Trustee since 1985 and	Reserve Corporation (a	TransMontaigne Oil Company, Continuum Health

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^	^	^

Chairman since 2000	private equity buyout	Partners of New York and various private companies
	firm that specializes in	controlled by First Reserve Corporation, as well as
	energy investments in	Chairman of TH Lee, Putnam Investment Trust (a
	the diversified world-	closed-end investment company advised by an
	wide energy industry).	affiliate of Putnam Management). He is also a
		Trustee of Sarah Lawrence College.

Paul L. Joskow (Born 1947),	Elizabeth and James	Director of National Grid Transco (a UK-based
Trustee since 1997	Killian Professor of	holding company with interests in electric and gas
	Economics and	transmission and distribution and
	Management, and	telecommunications infrastructure) and TransCanada
	Director of the Center	Corporation (an energy company focused on natural
	for Energy and	gas transmission and power services). He has also
	Environmental Policy	been President of the Yale University Council since
	Research at the	1993. Prior to February 2005, he served on the
	Massachusetts Institute	board of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical
	of Technology.	Research (a non-profit research institution). Prior to
		February 2002, he was a Director of State Farm
		Indemnity Company (an automobile insurance
		company), and prior to March 2000, he was a
		Director of New England Electric System (a public
		utility holding company).

Elizabeth T. Kennan (Born	Partner in Cambus-	Lead Director of Northeast Utilities and is a Director
1938), Trustee since 1992	Kenneth Farm	of Talbots, Inc. (a distributor of women’s apparel).
	(thoroughbred horse and	She is a Trustee of National Trust for Historic
	cattle breeding). She is	Preservation, of Centre College and of Midway
	President Emeritus of	College (in Midway, Kentucky). She is also a
	Mount Holyoke College.	Member of The Trustees of Reservations. Prior to
		2001, Dr. Kennan served on the oversight committee
		of the Folger Shakespeare Library. Prior to
		September 2000, she was a Director of Chastain
		Real Estate; and prior to June 2000, she was a
		Director of Bell Atlantic Corp.

John H. Mullin, III (Born	Chairman and CEO of	Director of The Liberty Corporation (a broadcasting
1941), Trustee since 1997	Ridgeway Farm (a	company), Progress Energy, Inc. (a utility company,
	limited liability company	formerly known as Carolina Power & Light) and
	engaged in timber and	Sonoco Products, Inc. (a packaging company). Mr.
	farming).	Mullin is Trustee Emeritus of The National
		Humanities Center and Washington & Lee
		University, where he served as Chairman of the
		Investment Committee. Until to February 2004 and
		May 2001, he was a Director of Alex. Brown Realty,
		Inc. and Graphic Packaging International Corp.,
		respectively.


Robert E. Patterson (Born	Senior Partner of Cabot	Chairman Emeritus and Trustee of the Joslin
1945), Trustee since 1984	Properties, L.P. and	Diabetes Center and a Director of Brandywine Trust
	Chairman of Cabot	Group, LLC. Prior to December 2001 and June
	Properties, Inc. (a	2003, Mr. Patterson served as a Trustee of Cabot
	private equity firm	Industrial Trust and Sea Education Association,
	investing in commercial	respectively.
	real estate). Prior to
	December 2001, he was

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^	^	^

	President of Cabot
	Industrial Trust (a
	publicly traded real
	estate investment trust).

W. Thomas Stephens (Born	Chairman and Chief	Director of TransCanada Pipelines Limited. Until
1942), Trustee since 1997	Executive Officer of	2004, Mr. Stephens was a Director of Xcel Energy
	Boise Cascade, L.L.C. (a	Incorporated (a public utility company), Qwest
	paper, forest product and	Communications and Norske Canada, Inc. (a paper
	timberland assets	manufacturer). Until 2003, Mr. Stephens was a
	company).	Director of Mail-Well, Inc. (a diversified printing
		company). Prior to July 2001, Mr. Stephens was
		Chairman of Mail-Well.



Richard B. Worley (Born	Managing Partner of	Serves on the Executive Committee of the
1945), Trustee since 2004	Permit Capital LLC(an	University of Pennsylvania Medical Center. He is a
	investment management	Trustee of The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (a
	firm). Prior to 2002, he	philanthropic organization devoted to health care
	served as Chief Strategic	issues) and Director of The Colonial Williamsburg
	Officer of Morgan	Foundation (a historical preservation organization).
	Stanley Investment	Mr. Worley also serves on the investment
	Management. He	committees of Mount Holyoke College and World
	previously served as	Wildlife Fund (a wildlife conservation organization).
	President, Chief
	Executive Officer and
	Chief Investment Officer
	of Morgan Stanley Dean
	Witter Investment
	Management and as a
	Managing Director of
	Morgan Stanley (a
	financial services firm).


Interested Trustees

*Charles E. Haldeman, Jr.	President and Chief	Serves on the Board of Governors of the Investment
(Born 1948), Trustee since	Executive Officer of	Company Institute and as a Trustee of Dartmouth
2004	Putnam, LLC (“Putnam	College and Emeritus Trustee of Abington Memorial
	Investments”). Member	Hospital.
	of Putnam Investments’
	Executive Board of
	Directors and Advisory
	Council. Prior to
	November 2003, Mr.
	Haldeman served as Co-
	Head of Putnam
	Investments’ Investment
	Division. Prior to joining
	Putnam Investments in
	2002, he served as Chief
	Executive Officer of
	Delaware Investments
	and President and Chief

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^	^	^

	Operating Officer of
	United Asset
	Management.

*George Putnam III (Born	President of New	Director of The Boston Family Office, L.L.C. (a
1951), Trustee since 1984 and	Generation Research,	registered investment advisor), and a Trustee of St.
President since 2000	Inc. (a publisher of	Mark’s School and Shore Country Day School.
	financial advisory and	Until 2002, Mr. Putnam was a Trustee of the Sea
	other research services)	Education Association.
	and of New Generation
	Advisers, Inc. (a
	registered investment
	adviser to private funds).
	Both firms he founded in
	1986.

1 The address of each Trustee is One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109. As of December 31, 2004, there were 110 Putnam Funds.

²Each Trustee serves for an indefinite term, until his or her resignation, retirement at age 72, death or removal.

*Trustees who are or may be deemed to be “interested persons” (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940) of the fund, Putnam Management, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership (“Putnam Retail Management”) or Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc., the parent company of Putnam Investments and its affiliated companies. Messrs. Putnam, III and Haldeman are deemed “interested persons” by virtue of their positions as officers of the fund or Putnam Management or Putnam Retail Management and as shareholders of Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc. Charles E. Haldeman, Jr. is President and Chief Executive Officer of Putnam Investments. George Putnam, III is the President of the Fund and each of the other Putnam Funds.

^Officers

In addition to George Putnam III, the fund’s President, the other officers of the fund are shown below. All of the officers of your fund, with the exception of George Putnam III, are employees of Putnam Management or its affiliates or are members of the Trustees’ independent administrative staff.

^		^		^


^	^		^

^	^		^

^	^		^

^	^		^

^	^		^

^	^		^

^	^		^

^	^		^

^	^		^

^	^		^
^

^	^		^
^

^	^		^

^	^		^
^

^	^		^

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^	^	^


^


Name, Address¹, Year of	Length of Service with	Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
Birth, Position(s) Held with	the Putnam Funds
Fund

Charles E. Porter²	Since 1989	Executive Vice President, Associate Treasurer and
(Born 1938), Executive Vice		Principal Executive Officer, The Putnam Funds.
President, Associate Treasurer
and Principal Executive
Officer

Jonathan S. Horwitz²	Since 2004	Senior Vice President and Treasurer, The Putnam
(Born 1955), Senior Vice		Funds. Prior to 2004, Managing Director, Putnam
President and Treasurer		Investments.

Steven D. Krichmar	Since 2002	Managing Director, Putnam Investments and
(Born 1958), Vice President		Putnam Investor Services. Prior to 2001, Partner,
and Principal Financial Officer		PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.

Michael T. Healy	Since 2000	Managing Director, Putnam Investments and
(Born 1958), Assistant		Putnam Investor Services.
Treasurer and Principal
Accounting Officer

Beth S. Mazor	Since 2002	Senior Vice President, Putnam Investments and
(Born 1958), Vice President		Putnam Investor Services.

Daniel T. Gallagher²	Since 2004	Senior Vice President, Staff Counsel and
(Born 1962), Senior Vice		Compliance Liaison, The Putnam Funds. Prior to
President, Staff Counsel and		2004, Mr. Gallagher was an attorney for Ropes &
Compliance Liaison		Gray LLP; prior to 2000, he was a law clerk for the
		Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.

Mark C. Trenchard	Since 2002	Senior Vice President, Putnam Investments.
(Born 1962), Vice President
and BSA Compliance Officer

Francis J. McNamara, III	Since 2004	Senior Managing Director, Putnam Investments.
(Born 1955), Vice President		Prior to 2004, Mr. McNamara was General Counsel
and Chief Legal Officer		of State Street Research & Management Company.

Charles A. Ruys de Perez	Since 2004	Managing Director, Putnam Investments, Putnam
(Born 1957), Vice President		Advisory Company, Putnam Investor Services,
and Chief Compliance Officer		Putnam Management and Putnam Retail
		Management.

James P. Pappas	Since 2004	Managing Director, Putnam Investments and
(Born 1953), Vice President		Putnam Management. During 2002, Mr. Pappas was
		Chief Operating Officer of Atalanta/Sosnoff
		Management Corporation. Prior to 2001, he was
		President and Chief Executive Officer of UAM
		Investment Services, Inc.

Richard S. Robie, III	Since 2004	Senior Managing Director, Putnam Investments,
(Born 1960), Vice President		Putnam Management and Putnam Advisory
		Company. Prior to 2003, Mr. Robie was Senior Vice
		President of United Asset Management Corporation.

Judith Cohen²	Since 1993	Vice President, Clerk and Assistant Treasurer, The
(Born 1945), Vice President,		Putnam Funds.
Clerk and Assistant Treasurer

Wanda M. McManus²	Since 2005	Vice President, Senior Associate Treasurer and

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Name, Address¹, Year of	Length of Service with	Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
Birth, Position(s) Held with	the Putnam Funds
Fund

(Born 1947), Vice President,		Assistant Clerk, The Putnam Funds.
Senior Associate Treasurer and
Assistant Clerk

Nancy T. Florek²	Since 2005	Vice President, Assistant Clerk, Assistant Treasurer
(Born 1957), Vice President,		and Proxy Manager, The Putnam Funds.
Assistant Clerk, Assistant
Treasurer and Proxy Manager

¹The address of each Officer is One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109.

²Officers of the fund who are members of the Trustees’ independent administrative staff. Compensation for these individuals is fixed by the Trustees and reimbursed to Putnam Management.

Except as stated above, the principal occupations of the officers and Trustees for the last five years have been with the employers as shown above, although in some cases they have held different positions with such employers.

Standing Committees of the Board of Trustees

Audit and ^Compliance Committee. The Audit and ^Compliance Committee provides oversight on matters relating to the preparation of the funds’ financial statements, compliance matters and ^Codes of Ethics issues. This oversight is discharged by regularly meeting with management and the funds’ independent auditors and keeping current on industry developments. Duties of this Committee also include the review and evaluation of all matters and relationships pertaining to the funds’ independent auditors, including their independence. The members of the Committee include only Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the ^funds or Putnam Management. Each member of the Committee also is “independent,” as ^such term is interpreted for purposes of Rule 10A-3(^b)(^1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and^ the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange and ^the American Stock Exchange. The Board of Trustees ^has adopted a written charter for the Committee. The^ Committee currently consists of ^Messrs. Patterson (Chairperson), Hill and Stephens^.

Board Policy and Nominating Committee. The Board Policy and Nominating Committee reviews matters pertaining to the operations of the Board of Trustees and its Committees, the compensation of the Trustees and their staff^ and the conduct of legal affairs for the funds. The Committee evaluates and recommends all candidates for election as Trustees and recommends the appointment of members and chairs of each board committee. The Committee will consider nominees for Trustee recommended by shareholders of a fund provided that such recommendations are submitted by the date disclosed in the fund’s proxy statement and otherwise comply with applicable securities laws, including Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Committee also reviews policy matters affecting the operation of the Board and its independent staff and makes recommendations to the Board as appropriate. ^In addition, the Committee^ oversees the voting of proxies associated with portfolio investments of ^the funds with the goal of ensuring that these proxies are voted in the best interest of the ^funds’ shareholders. The ^Committee is composed exclusively of Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the funds or Putnam Management. The Committee currently consists of Dr. Kennan (Chairperson), Ms. Baxter and Messrs. Hill, Mullin and Patterson. ^

Brokerage^ Committee. The Brokerage^ Committee reviews the policies and procedures of the ^funds regarding the execution of portfolio transactions for the ^funds, including policies regarding the allocation of brokerage commissions and soft dollar credits. The Committee also reviews periodic reports regarding the ^funds’ activities involving derivative securities. The Committee ^currently consists of Dr. Joskow (Chairperson), Ms. Drucker and Messrs. Putnam and Worley.^

Contract Committee. The Contract Committee reviews and evaluates at least annually all arrangements pertaining to ^the engagement of Putnam ^Management and its affiliates to provide services to the ^funds and^ the engagement of other persons to provide material services to the ^funds, including in particular those instances where the cost of services is shared between the ^funds and Putnam^ Management and its affiliates or where Putnam^ Management or its affiliates have a material interest. The Committee recommends to the Trustees such changes in arrangements that it deems appropriate. The Committee also reviews the conversion of Class B shares into Class A shares of the ^funds in accordance with procedures approved by the Trustees. After review and evaluation, the Committee recommends to the Trustees the proposed organization of new ^fund products^ and proposed structural changes to existing ^funds. The Committee is ^composed exclusively of ^Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the funds or Putnam Management. The Committee currently consists of Ms. Baxter (Chairperson), Dr. Kennan and Messrs. Curtis and Mullin^.

Distributions Committee.^ The Distributions Committee oversees all ^fund distributions^.^ The Committee ^makes recommendations to the Trustees regarding the amount and timing of distributions

1-26-06

paid by all the ^funds to the shareholders, and approves such matters when the Trustees are not in session. ^The Committee also meets regularly with representatives of Putnam ^Management to review distribution levels and the ^funds’ distribution policies.^ The Committee currently consists of Messrs. ^Putnam (Chairperson) and ^Worley, Ms. Drucker and Dr. Joskow.

Executive Committee. The functions of the Executive Committee are twofold. The first is to ensure that the ^funds’ business may be conducted at times when it is not feasible to convene a meeting of the Trustees or for the Trustees to act by written consent. The Committee may exercise any or all of the power and authority of the Trustees when the Trustees are not in session. The second is to establish annual and ongoing goals, objectives and priorities for the Board of Trustees and to ^ensure coordination of all efforts between the Trustees and Putnam ^Management on behalf of the shareholders of the ^funds. The Committee currently consists of Messrs. Hill (^Chairperson), Curtis, Patterson and Putnam (ex officio), Dr. Joskow and Ms. Baxter.

Investment Oversight Committees. These Committees regularly meet with investment personnel of Putnam ^Management to review the investment performance and strategies of the ^funds in light of their stated investment objectives and policies. Investment Oversight Committee A currently consists of Mses. Drucker (Chairperson) and Baxter and Mr. Curtis. Investment Oversight Committee B currently consists of ^Drs. ^Joskow (Chairperson)^ and Kennan and Mr. Stephens. Investment Committee C currently consists of Messrs. Mullin (Chairperson), Putnam and Patterson^. Investment Oversight Committee D currently consists of ^Messrs. Worley (Chairperson), Haldeman and Hill.

Investment Process Committee. The Investment Process Committee complements the work of the Investment Oversight Committees by monitoring Putnam Management’s investment philosophies, investment processes and investment personnel. The Committee reviews Putnam Management’s research capabilities; risk management systems; recruiting, training and compensation of investment personnel; performance measurement; portfolio construction and portfolio “sleeves”; and portfolio trading. The Committee currently consists of Ms. Drucker (Chairperson), Dr. Joskow and Messrs. Putnam and Worley.

Marketing Committee. The Marketing Committee oversees the marketing and sale of fund shares by Putnam Retail Management. The Committee reviews (i) services provided by Putnam Retail Management under its Distributor’s Contracts with the funds, (ii) sales charges imposed in connection with the sale of fund shares, (iii) expenditure of the funds’ assets for distribution and shareholder services pursuant to Distribution Plans of the funds, (iv) financial arrangements between Putnam Retail Management and financial intermediaries related to the sale of fund shares and (v) compliance by Putnam Retail Management with applicable federal and state laws and regulations governing the sale of fund shares. The Committee also exercises general oversight of marketing and sales communications used by Putnam Retail Management in connection with the sale of fund shares. The Committee currently consists of Mr. Curtis (Chairperson), Ms. Baxter, Dr. Kennan and Mr. Mullin.

Pricing Committee. The Pricing Committee oversees the implementation of the funds’ policies and procedures for achieving accurate and timely pricing of the funds’ shares, including oversight of fair value determinations of individual securities made by Putnam Management or other designated agents of the funds. The Committee also oversees compliance by money market funds with Rule 2a-7, interfund transactions pursuant to Rule 17a-7 and the correction of occasional pricing errors. The Committee also receives reports on various other matters, including reports on the liquidity of portfolio securities. The Committee currently consists of ^Mr. Stephens (Chairperson) and Messrs. Hill and ^Patterson. ^

Shareholder Communications and Relations Committee. The Shareholder Communications and Relations Committee reviews communications (including the costs associated therewith) sent from the funds to their shareholders, including shareholder reports, prospectuses, newsletters and other materials. The Committee currently consists of Mr. Worley (Chairperson), Ms. Drucker, Dr. Joskow and Mr. Putnam.

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For details of Trustees’ fees paid by the fund and information concerning retirement guidelines for the Trustees, see “Charges and expenses” in Part I of this SAI.

Putnam Management and its affiliates

Putnam Management is one of America’s oldest and largest money management firms. Putnam Management’s staff of experienced portfolio managers and research analysts selects securities and constantly supervises the fund’s portfolio. By pooling an investor’s money with that of other investors, a greater variety of securities can be purchased than would be the case individually; the resulting diversification helps reduce investment risk. Putnam Management has been managing mutual funds since 1937.

Putnam Management is a subsidiary of Putnam, LLC, which is also the parent company of Putnam Retail Management, The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Advisory Company, Limited Partnership), PIL (a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC) and Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company. Putnam, LLC, which generally conducts business under the name Putnam Investments, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments Trust, a holding company that, except for a minority stake owned by employees, is owned by Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc., a publicly-owned holding company whose principal businesses are international insurance and reinsurance brokerage, employee benefit consulting and investment management.

Trustees and officers of the fund who are also officers of Putnam Management or its affiliates or who are stockholders of Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc. will benefit from the advisory fees, sales commissions, distribution fees, custodian fees and transfer agency fees paid or allowed by the fund.

The Management Contract

Under a Management Contract between the fund and Putnam Management, subject to such policies as the Trustees may determine, Putnam Management, at its expense, furnishes continuously an investment program for the fund and makes investment decisions on behalf of the fund. Subject to the control of the Trustees, Putnam Management also manages, supervises and conducts the other affairs and business of the fund, furnishes office space and equipment, provides bookkeeping and clerical services (including determination of the fund’s net asset value, but excluding shareholder accounting services) and places all orders for the purchase and sale of the fund’s portfolio securities. Putnam Management may place fund portfolio transactions with broker-dealers that furnish Putnam Management, without cost to it, certain research, statistical and quotation services of value to Putnam Management and its affiliates in advising the fund and other clients. In so doing, Putnam Management may cause the fund to pay greater brokerage commissions than it might otherwise pay.

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For details of Putnam Management’s compensation under the Management Contract, see “Charges and expenses” in Part I of this SAI. Putnam Management’s compensation under the Management Contract may be reduced in any year if the fund’s expenses exceed the limits on investment company expenses imposed by any statute or regulatory authority of any jurisdiction in which shares of the fund are qualified for offer or sale. The term “expenses” is defined in the statutes or regulations of such jurisdictions, and generally excludes brokerage commissions, taxes, interest, extraordinary expenses and, if the fund has a distribution plan, payments made under such plan.

Under the Management Contract, Putnam Management may reduce its compensation to the extent that the fund’s expenses exceed such lower expense limitation as Putnam Management may, by notice to the fund, declare to be effective. For the purpose of determining any such limitation on Putnam Management’s compensation, expenses of the fund shall not reflect the application of commissions or cash management credits that may reduce designated fund expenses. The terms of any such expense limitation from time to time in effect are described in the prospectus and/or Part I of this SAI.

In addition, for all funds except the RetirementReady® Funds, through the end of the fund’s fiscal year ending in 2006, Putnam Management has agreed to waive fees and reimburse expenses of the fund to the extent necessary to ensure that the fund pays total fund operating expenses at an annual rate that does not exceed the simple average of the expenses of all front-end load funds viewed by Lipper Inc. as having the same investment classification or objective as the fund (expressed in each case as a percentage of average net assets). For these purposes, total fund operating expenses of both the fund and the Lipper category average will be calculated without giving effect to 12b-1 fees or any expense offset and brokerage service arrangements that may reduce fund expenses, the Lipper category average will be calculated by Lipper each calendar quarter in accordance with Lipper’s standard method for comparing fund expenses based on expense information for the most recent fiscal year of each fund included in that category, and the expense limitation will be updated as of the first business day after Lipper publishes the category average (generally shortly after the end of each calendar quarter).

In addition to the fee paid to Putnam Management, the fund reimburses Putnam Management for the compensation and related expenses of certain officers of the fund and their assistants who provide certain administrative services for the fund and the other Putnam funds, each of which bears an allocated share of the foregoing costs. The aggregate amount of all such payments and reimbursements is determined annually by the Trustees.

The amount of this reimbursement for the fund’s most recent fiscal year is included in “Charges and Expenses” in Part I of this SAI. Putnam Management pays all other salaries of officers of the fund. The fund pays all expenses not assumed by Putnam Management including, without limitation, auditing, legal, custodial, investor servicing and shareholder reporting expenses. The fund pays the cost of typesetting for its prospectuses and the cost of printing and mailing any prospectuses sent to its shareholders. Putnam Retail Management pays the cost of printing and distributing all other prospectuses.

The Management Contract provides that Putnam Management shall not be subject to any liability to the fund or to any shareholder of the fund for any act or omission in the course of or connected with rendering services to the fund in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its duties on the part of Putnam Management.

The Management Contract may be terminated without penalty by vote of the Trustees or the shareholders of the fund, or by Putnam Management, on 30 days’ written notice. It may be amended only by a vote of the shareholders of the fund. The Management Contract also terminates without payment of any penalty in the event of its assignment. The Management Contract provides that it will continue in effect only so long as such continuance is approved at least annually by vote of either the Trustees or the shareholders, and, in either case, by a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of Putnam Management or the fund. In each of the foregoing cases, the vote of the shareholders is the affirmative vote of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940.

1-26-06

The Sub-Manager

PIL, a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC and an affiliate of Putnam Management, has been retained as the sub-manager for a portion of the assets of certain funds as determined by Putnam Management from time to time. PIL is currently authorized to serve as the sub-manager, to the extent determined by Putnam Management from time to time, for the following funds: Putnam Diversified Income Trust, Putnam Global Income Trust, Putnam High Yield Advantage Fund, Putnam High Yield Trust, Putnam Global Equity Fund, Putnam Europe Equity Fund, Putnam International Equity Fund, Putnam International Growth and Income Fund and Putnam Utilities Growth & Income Fund. PIL may serve as sub-manager pursuant to the terms of a sub-management agreement between Putnam Management and PIL. Pursuant to the terms of the sub-management agreement, Putnam Management (and not the fund) pays a quarterly sub-management fee to PIL for its services at the annual rate of 0.35% of the average aggregate net asset value of the portion of Putnam Europe Equity Fund, Putnam Global Equity Fund, Putnam International Equity Fund, Putnam International Growth and Income Fund and Putnam Utilities Growth and Income Fund, if any, managed by PIL from time to time, and 0.40% of the average aggregate net asset value of the portion of Putnam Diversified Income Trust, Putnam Global Income Trust, Putnam High Yield Advantage Fund and Putnam High Yield Fund, if any, managed by PIL from time to time.

Under the terms of the sub-management contract, PIL, at its own expense, furnishes continuously an investment program for that portion of each such fund that is allocated to PIL from time to time by Putnam Management and makes investment decisions on behalf of such portion of the fund, subject to the supervision of Putnam Management. Putnam Management may also, at its discretion, request PIL to provide assistance with purchasing and selling securities for the fund, including placement of orders with certain broker-dealers. PIL, at its expense, furnishes all necessary investment and management facilities, including salaries of personnel, required for it to execute its duties.

The sub-management contract provides that PIL shall not be subject to any liability to Putnam Management, the fund or any shareholder of the fund for any act or omission in the course of or connected with rendering services to the fund in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties on the part of PIL.

The sub-management contract may be terminated with respect to a fund without penalty by vote of the Trustees or the shareholders of the fund, or by PIL or Putnam Management, on 30 days’ written notice. The sub-management contract also terminates without payment of any penalty in the event of its assignment. Subject to applicable law, it may be amended by a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of Putnam Management or the fund. The sub-management contract provides that it will continue in effect only so long as such continuance is approved at least annually by vote of either the Trustees or the shareholders, and, in either case, by a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of Putnam Management or the fund. In each of the foregoing cases, the vote of the shareholders is the affirmative vote of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940.

Portfolio Transactions

Potential conflicts of interest in managing multiple accounts. Like other investment professionals with multiple clients, the fund’s Portfolio Leader(s) and Portfolio Member(s) may face certain potential conflicts of interest in connection with managing both the fund and the other accounts listed under “Other Accounts Managed by the Fund’s Portfolio Managers” at the same time. The paragraphs below describe some of these potential conflicts, which Putnam Management believes are faced by investment professionals at most major financial firms. As described below, Putnam Management and the Trustees of the Putnam funds have adopted compliance policies and procedures that attempt to address certain of these potential conflicts.

The management of accounts with different advisory fee rates and/or fee structures, including accounts that pay advisory fees based on account performance (“performance fee accounts”), may raise potential conflicts of

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interest by creating an incentive to favor higher-fee accounts. These potential conflicts may include, among others:

* The most attractive investments could be allocated to higher-fee accounts or performance fee accounts.

* The trading of higher-fee accounts could be favored as to timing and/or execution price. For example, higher-fee accounts could be permitted to sell securities earlier than other accounts when a prompt sale is desirable or to buy securities at an earlier and more opportune time.

* The trading of other accounts could be used to benefit higher-fee accounts (front- running). The investment management team could focus their time and efforts primarily on higher-fee accounts due to a personal stake in compensation.

Putnam Management attempts to address these potential conflicts of interest relating to higher-fee accounts through various compliance policies that are generally intended to place all accounts, regardless of fee structure, on the same footing for investment management purposes. For example, under Putnam Management’s policies:

* Performance fee accounts must be included in all standard trading and allocation procedures with all other accounts.

* All accounts must be allocated to a specific category of account and trade in parallel with allocations of similar accounts based on the procedures generally applicable to all accounts in those groups (e.g., based on relative risk budgets of accounts).

* All trading must be effected through Putnam’s trading desks and normal queues and procedures must be followed (i.e., no special treatment is permitted for performance fee accounts or higher-fee accounts based on account fee structure).

* Front running is strictly prohibited.

* The fund’s Portfolio Leader(s) and Portfolio Member(s) may not be guaranteed or specifically allocated any portion of a performance fee.

As part of these policies, Putnam Management has also implemented trade oversight and review procedures in order to monitor whether particular accounts (including higher-fee accounts or performance fee accounts) are being favored over time.

Potential conflicts of interest may also arise when the Portfolio Leader(s) or Portfolio Member(s) have personal investments in other accounts that may create an incentive to favor those accounts. As a general matter and subject to limited exceptions, Putnam Management’s investment professionals do not have the opportunity to invest in client accounts, other than the Putnam funds. However, in the ordinary course of business, Putnam Management or related persons may from time to time establish “pilot” or “incubator” funds for the purpose of testing proposed investment strategies and products prior to offering them to clients. These pilot accounts may be in the form of registered investment companies, private funds such as partnerships or separate accounts established by Putnam Management or an affiliate. Putnam Management or an affiliate supplies the funding for these accounts. Putnam employees, including the fund’s Portfolio Leader(s) and Portfolio Member(s), may also invest in certain pilot accounts. Putnam Management, and to the extent applicable, the Portfolio Leader(s) and Portfolio Member(s) will benefit from the favorable investment performance of those funds and accounts. Pilot funds and accounts may, and frequently do, invest in the same securities as the client accounts. Putnam Management’s policy is to treat pilot accounts in the same manner as client accounts for purposes of trading allocation – neither favoring nor disfavoring them except as is legally required. For example, pilot accounts are normally included in Putnam Management’s daily block trades to the same extent as client accounts.

A potential conflict of interest may arise when the fund and other accounts purchase or sell the same securities. On occasions when the Portfolio Leader(s) or Portfolio Member(s) consider the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of the fund as well as other accounts, Putnam Management’s trading desk may, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased in order to

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obtain the best execution and lower brokerage commissions, if any. Aggregation of trades may create the potential for unfairness to the fund or another account if one account is favored over another in allocating the securities purchased or sold – for example, by allocating a disproportionate amount of a security that is likely to increase in value to a favored account. Putnam Management’s trade allocation policies generally provide that each day’s transactions in securities that are purchased or sold by multiple accounts are, insofar as possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such accounts (including the fund) in a manner which in Putnam Management’s opinion is equitable to each account and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each account. Certain exceptions exist for specialty, regional or sector accounts. Trade allocations are reviewed on a periodic basis as part of Putnam Management’s trade oversight procedures in an attempt to ensure fairness over time across accounts.

“Cross trades,” in which one Putnam account sells a particular security to another account (potentially saving transaction costs for both accounts), may also pose a potential conflict of interest. Cross trades may be seen to involve a potential conflict of interest if, for example, one account is permitted to sell a security to another account at a higher price than an independent third party would pay. Putnam Management and the fund’s Trustees have adopted compliance procedures that provide that any transactions between the fund and another Putnam-advised account are to be made at an independent current market price, as required by law.

Another potential conflict of interest may arise based on the different investment objectives and strategies of the fund and other accounts. For example, another account may have a shorter-term investment horizon or different investment objectives, policies or restrictions than the fund. Depending on another account’s objectives or other factors, the Portfolio Leader(s) and Portfolio Member(s) may give advice and make decisions that may differ from advice given, or the timing or nature of decisions made, with respect to the fund. In addition, investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular account involved. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain accounts even though it could have been bought or sold for other accounts at the same time. More rarely, a particular security may be bought for one or more accounts managed by the Portfolio Leader(s) or Portfolio Member(s) when one or more other accounts are selling the security (including short sales). There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more accounts may have an adverse effect on other accounts. As noted above, Putnam Management has implemented trade oversight and review procedures to monitor whether any account is systematically favored over time.

The fund’s Portfolio Leader(s) and Portfolio Member(s) may also face other potential conflicts of interest in managing the fund, and the description above is not a complete description of every conflict that could be deemed to exist in managing both the fund and other accounts. For information on restrictions imposed on personal securities transactions of the fund’s Portfolio Leader(s) and Portfolio Member(s), please see “Personal Investments by Employees of Putnam Management and Putnam Retail Management and Officers and Trustees of the Fund.”

For information about other funds and accounts managed by the fund’s Portfolio Leader(s) and Portfolio Member(s), please refer to “Who manages the fund(s)?” in the prospectus and “Other Accounts Managed By The Fund’s Portfolio Managers” in Part I of the SAI.

Brokerage and research services. Transactions on stock exchanges, commodities markets and futures markets and other agency transactions involve the payment by the fund of negotiated brokerage commissions. Such commissions vary among different brokers. A particular broker may charge different commissions according to such factors as the difficulty and size of the transaction. Transactions in foreign investments often involve the payment of fixed brokerage commissions, which may be higher than those in the United States. The fund pays commissions on certain securities traded in the over-the-counter markets. In underwritten offerings, the price paid by the fund includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount retained by the underwriter or dealer. It is anticipated that most purchases and sales of securities by funds investing primarily in tax-exempt securities and certain other fixed-income securities will be with the issuer or with underwriters of or dealers in those securities, acting as principal. Accordingly, those funds would not

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ordinarily pay significant brokerage commissions with respect to securities transactions. See “Charges and expenses” in Part I of this SAI for information concerning commissions paid by the fund.

It has for many years been a common practice in the investment advisory business for advisers of investment companies and other institutional investors to receive brokerage and research services (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”)) from broker-dealers that execute portfolio transactions for the clients of such advisers and from third parties with which such broker-dealers have arrangements. Consistent with this practice, Putnam Management receives brokerage and research services and other similar services from many broker-dealers with which Putnam Management places the fund’s portfolio transactions and from third parties with which these broker-dealers have arrangements. These services include such matters as economic analysis, investment research and database services, industry and company reviews, evaluations of investments, recommendations as to the purchase and sale of investments, performance measurement services, subscriptions, pricing services, quotation services, news services and computer equipment (investment-related hardware and software) utilized by Putnam Management’s managers and analysts. Where the services referred to above are used by Putnam Management not exclusively for research purposes, Putnam Management, based upon its own allocations of expected use, bears that portion of the cost of these services which directly relates to their non-research use. Some of these services are of value to Putnam Management and its affiliates in advising various of their clients (including the fund), although not all of these services are necessarily useful and of value in managing the fund. The management fee paid by the fund is not reduced because Putnam Management and its affiliates receive these services even though Putnam Management might otherwise be required to purchase some of these services for cash.

Putnam Management places all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio investments for the fund and buys and sells investments for the fund through a substantial number of brokers and dealers. In so doing, Putnam Management uses its best efforts to obtain for the fund the most favorable price and execution available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions as described below. In seeking the most favorable price and execution, Putnam Management, having in mind the fund’s best interests, considers all factors it deems relevant, including, by way of illustration, price, the size of the transaction, the nature of the market for the security or other investment, the amount of the commission, the timing of the transaction taking into account market prices and trends, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker-dealer involved and the quality of service rendered by the broker-dealer in other transactions.

As permitted by Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, and by the Management Contract, Putnam Management may cause the fund to pay a broker-dealer which provides “brokerage and research services” (as defined in the 1934 Act) to Putnam Management an amount of disclosed commission for effecting securities transactions on stock exchanges and other transactions for the fund on an agency basis in excess of the commission which another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction. Putnam Management’s authority to cause the fund to pay any such greater commissions is subject to such policies as the Trustees may adopt from time to time. Putnam Management does not currently intend to cause the fund to make such payments. It is the position of the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission that Section 28(e) does not apply to the payment of such greater commissions in “principal” transactions. Accordingly Putnam Management will use its best effort to obtain the most favorable price and execution available with respect to such transactions, as described above.

The Management Contract provides that commissions, fees, brokerage or similar payments received by Putnam Management or an affiliate in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio investments of the fund, less any direct expenses approved by the Trustees, shall be recaptured by the fund through a reduction of the fee payable by the fund under the Management Contract. Putnam Management seeks to recapture for the fund soliciting dealer fees on the tender of the fund’s portfolio securities in tender or exchange offers. Any such fees which may be recaptured are likely to be minor in amount.

Principal Underwriter

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Putnam Retail Management is the principal underwriter of shares of the fund and the other continuously offered Putnam funds. Putnam Retail Management is not obligated to sell any specific amount of shares of the fund and will purchase shares for resale only against orders for shares. See “Charges and expenses” in Part I of this SAI for information on sales charges and other payments received by Putnam Retail Management.

Personal Investments by Employees of Putnam Management and Putnam Retail Management and Officers and Trustees of the Fund

Employees of Putnam Management, PIL and Putnam Retail Management and officers and Trustees of the fund are subject to significant restrictions on engaging in personal securities transactions. These restrictions are set forth in the Codes of Ethics adopted by Putnam Management, PIL and Putnam Retail Management (the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics) and by the fund (the Putnam Funds Code of Ethics). The Putnam Investments Code of Ethics and the Putnam Funds Code of Ethics, in accordance with Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, contain provisions and requirements designed to identify and address certain conflicts of interest between personal investment activities and the interests of the fund.

The Putnam Investments Code of Ethics does not prohibit personnel from investing in securities that may be purchased or held by the fund. However, the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics, consistent with standards recommended by the Investment Company Institute’s Advisory Group on Personal Investing and requirements established by Rule 17j-1 and rules adopted under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, among other things, prohibits personal securities investments without pre-clearance, imposes time periods during which personal transactions may not be made in certain securities by employees with access to investment information, and requires the timely submission of broker confirmations and quarterly reporting of personal securities transactions. Additional restrictions apply to portfolio managers, traders, research analysts and others involved in the investment advisory process.

The Putnam Funds Code of Ethics incorporates and applies the restrictions of the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics to officers and Trustees of the fund who are affiliated with Putnam Investments. The Putnam Funds Code of Ethics does not prohibit unaffiliated officers and Trustees from investing in securities that may be held by the fund; however, the Putnam Funds Code of Ethics regulates the personal securities transactions of unaffiliated Trustees of the fund, including limiting the time periods during which they may personally buy and sell certain securities and requiring them to submit reports of personal securities transactions under certain circumstances.

The fund’s Trustees, in compliance with Rule 17j-1, approved the Putnam Investments and the Putnam Funds Codes of Ethics and are required to approve any material changes to these Codes. The Trustees also provide continued oversight of personal investment policies and annually evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the Codes of Ethics.

Investor Servicing Agent and Custodian

Putnam Investor Services, a division of Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company (“PFTC”), is the fund’s investor servicing agent (transfer, plan and dividend disbursing agent), for which it receives fees that are paid monthly by the fund as an expense of all its shareholders. The fee paid to Putnam Investor Services is determined on the basis of the number of shareholder accounts and the assets of the fund. For Putnam Prime Money Market Fund, the fee paid to Putnam Investor Services is 0.01% per annum.

Certain dealers that are not affiliated with PFTC also receive payments from PFTC in recognition of services they provide to shareholders or retirement plan participants that invest in the fund or other Putnam funds through their retirement plans. These services include subaccounting and similar recordkeeping services. For purposes of this section the term “dealers” includes any broker, dealer, bank, bank trust department, registered investment advisor, financial planner, retirement plan administrator and any other institution having a selling, services or any similar agreement with Putnam Retail Management or one of its affiliates. Payments by PFTC

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to dealers for subaccounting services provided to retirement plan participants who invest in the funds are not expected to exceed 0.10% of the total assets in the plans invested in the funds on an annual basis. Payments to dealers for subaccounting services provided to shareholders who invest in the funds through an omnibus account may be determined on the basis of the number of shareholders in such omnibus accounts or the assets held in such account and are not expected to exceed $16 or $19 (depending on whether the shares in which the shareholder invests are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge) for those payments determined on the basis of the number of shareholders in such account or 0.10% or 0.13% (depending on whether the shares in which the shareholder invests are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge) of the total assets in such account invested in the funds on an annual basis for those payments determined on the basis of the assets held in such account. PFTC also makes payments to dealers that charge networking fees for certain services provided in connection with the maintenance of shareholder accounts. The payments described in this paragraph are not expected to exceed 0.13% of the total assets of such shareholders or plan participants in the fund or other Putnam funds on an annual basis, except for the payments to an affiliate described below and except for payments to dealers for subaccounting services that are based on a certain number of dollars per shareholder account where the average account size for that dealer causes the payment to exceed 0.13% of the total assets of such shareholders or plan participants in the fund or other Putnam funds on an annual basis.

PFTC and its affiliates transferred their defined contribution plan administration business to Mercer HR Services, LLC (“MHRS”), an affiliate of PFTC, effective January 1, 2005. In connection with that transfer, PFTC has agreed to pay MHRS 0.386% of the average value of the assets in MHRS-administered plans invested in the funds on an annual basis in consideration of subaccounting, recordkeeping, retirement plan administration and other services being provided to participants in MHRS-administered retirement plans with respect to their investments in the funds. These services were previously provided to such participants by PFTC. Putnam Retail Management has also agreed to make additional transitional payments to MHRS (or one of MHRS’s affiliates) (i) during 2005 of 0.154% on an annual basis of the average value of the assets invested in the funds by clients whose plans were administered by PFTC prior to the transfer of the business and (ii) during 2006 of 0.077% on an annual basis of the average value of the assets invested in the funds by clients whose plans were administered by PFTC prior to the transfer of the business. Such additional transitional payments are expected to cease after 2006.

PFTC is the custodian of the fund’s assets. In carrying out its duties under its custodian contract, PFTC may employ one or more subcustodians whose responsibilities include safeguarding and controlling the fund’s cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities and collecting interest and dividends on the fund’s investments. PFTC and any subcustodians employed by it have a lien on the securities of the fund (to the extent permitted by the fund’s investment restrictions) to secure charges and any advances made by such subcustodians at the end of any day for the purpose of paying for securities purchased by the fund. The fund expects that such advances will exist only in unusual circumstances. Neither PFTC nor any subcustodian determines the investment policies of the fund or decides which securities the fund will buy or sell. PFTC pays the fees and other charges of any subcustodians employed by it. The fund pays PFTC an annual fee based on the fund’s assets, securities transactions and securities holdings and reimburses PFTC for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it or any subcustodian employed by it in performing custodial services.

The fund may from time to time pay custodial or investor servicing agent expenses in full or in part through the placement by Putnam Management of the fund’s portfolio transactions with the subcustodians or with a third party broker having an agreement with the subcustodians. See “Charges and expenses” in Part I of this SAI for information on fees and reimbursements for investor servicing and custody received by PFTC. The fees may be reduced by credits allowed by PFTC.

Counsel to the Fund and the Independent Trustees

Ropes & Gray LLP serves as counsel to the fund and the independent Trustees, and is located at One International Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.

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DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

The fund determines the net asset value per share of each class of shares once each day the New York Stock Exchange (the “Exchange”) is open. Currently, the Exchange is closed Saturdays, Sundays and the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas. The fund determines net asset value as of the close of regular trading on the Exchange, normally 4:00 p.m. except that Putnam Prime Money Market Fund normally determines net asset value as of 5:00 p.m. Eastern time. However, equity options held by the fund are priced as of the close of trading at 4:10 p.m., and futures contracts on U.S. government and other fixed-income securities and index options held by the fund are priced as of their close of trading at 4:15 p.m.

Securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued at prices which, in the opinion of Putnam Management, most nearly represent the market values of such securities. Currently, such prices are determined using the last reported sale price (or official closing price for certain markets) or, if no sales are reported (as in the case of some securities traded over-the-counter), the last reported bid price, except that certain securities are valued at the mean between the last reported bid and ask prices. ^For money market funds only, short-term investments having remaining maturities of 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, which approximates market value. All other securities and assets are valued at their fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. Liabilities are deducted from the total, and the resulting amount is divided by the number of shares of the class outstanding.

Reliable market quotations are not considered to be readily available for long-term corporate bonds and notes, certain preferred stocks, tax-exempt securities, and certain foreign securities. These investments are valued at fair value on the basis of valuations furnished by pricing services, which determine valuations for normal, institutional-size trading units of such securities using methods based on market transactions for comparable securities and various relationships between securities which are generally recognized by institutional traders.

If any securities held by the fund are restricted as to resale, Putnam Management determines their fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. The fair value of such securities is generally determined as the amount which the fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such securities over a reasonable period of time. The valuation procedures applied in any specific instance are likely to vary from case to case. However, consideration is generally given to the financial position of the issuer and other fundamental analytical data relating to the investment and to the nature of the restrictions on disposition of the securities (including any registration expenses that might be borne by the fund in connection with such disposition). In addition, specific factors are also generally considered, such as the cost of the investment, the market value of any unrestricted securities of the same class, the size of the holding, the prices of any recent transactions or offers with respect to such securities and any available analysts’ reports regarding the issuer.

Generally, trading in certain securities (such as foreign securities) is substantially completed each day at various times prior to the close of the Exchange. Currency exchange rates are normally determined at the close of trading in London, England (11:00 a.m., New York time). If there has been a movement in the U.S. currency market that exceeds a specified threshold that may change from time to time, the fund will generally use exchange rates determined as of 3:00 p.m. Eastern time. The closing prices for securities in markets or on exchanges outside the U.S. that close prior to the close of the Exchange may not fully reflect events that occur after such close but before the close of the Exchange. As a result, the fund has adopted fair value pricing procedures, which, among other things, require the fund to fair value foreign equity securities if there has been a movement in the U.S. market that exceeds a specified threshold. Although the threshold may be revised from time to time and the number of days on which fair value prices will be used will depend on market activity, it is possible that fair value prices will be used by the fund to a significant extent. In addition, securities held by some of the funds may be traded in foreign markets that are open for business on days that the fund is not, and the trading of such securities on those days may have an impact on the value of a shareholder’s investment at a time when the shareholder cannot buy and sell shares of the fund.

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In addition, because of the amount of time required to collect and process trading information as to large numbers of securities issues, the values of certain securities (such as convertible bonds, U.S. government securities and tax-exempt securities) are determined based on market quotations collected prior to the close of the Exchange. Occasionally, events affecting the value of such securities may occur between the time of the determination of value and the close of the Exchange which will not be reflected in the computation of the fund’s net asset value. If events materially affecting the value of such securities occur during such period, then these securities will be valued at their fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees.

The funds may also value their assets at fair value under other circumstances pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.

Money Market Funds

Money market funds generally value their portfolio securities at amortized cost according to Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

Since the net income of a money market fund is declared as a dividend each time it is determined, the net asset value per share of a money market fund remains at $1.00 per share immediately after such determination and dividend declaration. Any increase in the value of a shareholder’s investment in a money market fund representing the reinvestment of dividend income is reflected by an increase in the number of shares of that fund in the shareholder’s account on the last business day of each month. It is expected that a money market fund’s net income will normally be positive each time it is determined. However, if because of realized losses on sales of portfolio investments, a sudden rise in interest rates, or for any other reason the net income of a fund determined at any time is a negative amount, a money market fund may offset such amount allocable to each then shareholder’s account from dividends accrued during the month with respect to such account. If, at the time of payment of a dividend, such negative amount exceeds a shareholder’s accrued dividends, a money market fund may reduce the number of outstanding shares by treating the shareholder as having contributed to the capital of the fund that number of full and fractional shares which represent the amount of the excess. Each shareholder is deemed to have agreed to such contribution in these circumstances by his or her investment in a money market fund.

HOW TO BUY SHARES

Each prospectus describes briefly how investors may buy shares of the fund and identifies the share classes offered by that prospectus. Because of these different sales charges and expenses, the investment performance of the classes will vary. For more information, including your eligibility to purchase certain classes of shares, contact your investment dealer or Putnam Investor Services (at 1-800-225-1581). This section of the SAI contains more information on how to buy shares and the features of all share classes offered by Putnam funds. These features include the sales charges and contingent deferred sales charges (CDSCs) payable by investors, the conditions under which those charges may be reduced, and the sales charges, commissions and other amounts payable by Putnam Retail Management to investment dealers. As set forth under the following subheadings of this section, some features apply to all classes, while others apply only to certain classes:

* General Information describes how to buy shares, identifies the classes, describes ways of reducing sales charges that apply to all classes and describes certain payments to investment dealers.

* Additional Information about Class A and Class M Shares describes the allocation of initial sales charges between Putnam Retail Management and investment dealers, ways of reducing those sales charges, the CDSC payable by certain purchasers of $1 million or more of class A shares and the commissions on those purchases payable by Putnam Retail Management to investment dealers.

* Additional Information about Class B, Class C and Class R Shares describes the commissions payable by Putnam Retail Management to investment dealers.

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* Putnam Prime Money Market Fund describes the special procedures applicable to that fund. Information in the other sections listed above is not applicable to that fund.

Investors who purchase shares at net asset value through employer-sponsored defined contribution plans should also consult their employer for information about the extent to which the matters described below apply to them.

General Information

The fund is currently making a continuous offering of its shares. The fund receives the entire net asset value of shares sold. The fund will accept unconditional orders for shares to be executed at the public offering price based on the net asset value per share next determined after the order is placed. In the case of class A shares and class M shares, the public offering price is the net asset value plus the applicable sales charge, if any. (The public offering price is thus calculable by dividing the net asset value by 100% minus the sales charge, expressed as a percentage.) No sales charge is included in the public offering price of other classes of shares. In the case of orders for purchase of shares placed through dealers, the public offering price will be based on the net asset value determined on the day the order is placed, but only if the dealer or a registered transfer agent or registered clearing agent receives the order, together with all required identifying information, before the close of regular trading on the Exchange (5:00 p.m., for Putnam Prime Money Market Fund). If the dealer or registered transfer agent or registered clearing agent receives the order after the close of the Exchange, the price will be based on the net asset value next determined. If funds for the purchase of shares are sent directly to Putnam Investor Services, they will be invested at the public offering price based on the net asset value next determined after all required identifying information has been collected. Payment for shares of the fund must be in U.S. dollars; if made by check, the check must be drawn on a U.S. bank.

Initial and subsequent purchases must satisfy the minimums stated in the prospectus, except that (i) individual investments under certain employee benefit plans or Tax Qualified Retirement Plans may be lower, (ii) persons who are already shareholders may make additional purchases of $50 or more by sending funds directly to Putnam Investor Services (see “Your investing account” below), and (iii) for investors participating in systematic investment plans and military allotment plans, the initial and subsequent purchases must be $25 or more. Information about these plans is available from investment dealers or from Putnam Investor Services.

As a convenience to investors, shares may be purchased through a systematic investment plan. Pre-authorized monthly, semimonthly or weekly bank drafts for a fixed amount (at least $25) are used to purchase fund shares at the applicable public offering price next determined after Putnam Retail Management receives the proceeds from the draft. A shareholder may choose any day of the month or week for these drafts, but if the date falls on a weekend or holiday, the draft will be processed on the next business day. Further information and application forms are available from investment dealers or from Putnam Retail Management.

Distributions to be reinvested are reinvested without a sales charge in shares of the same class as of the ex-dividend date using the net asset value determined on that date, and are credited to a shareholder’s account on the payment date. Dividends for Putnam money market funds are credited to a shareholder’s account on the payment date. Distributions for all other funds that declare a distribution daily are reinvested without a sales charge as of the last day of the period for which distributions are paid using the net asset value determined on that date, and are credited to a shareholder’s account on the payment date.

Payment in securities. In addition to cash, the fund may accept securities as payment for fund shares at the applicable net asset value. Generally, the fund will only consider accepting securities to increase its holdings in a portfolio security, or if Putnam Management determines that the offered securities are a suitable investment for the fund and in a sufficient amount for efficient management.

While no minimum has been established, it is expected that the fund would not accept securities with a value of less than $100,000 per issue as payment for shares. The fund may reject in whole or in part any or all offers to pay for purchases of fund shares with securities, may require partial payment in cash for such purchases to

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provide funds for applicable sales charges, and may discontinue accepting securities as payment for fund shares at any time without notice. The fund will value accepted securities in the manner described in the section “Determination of Net Asset Value” for valuing shares of the fund. The fund will only accept securities which are delivered in proper form. The fund will not accept options or restricted securities as payment for shares. The acceptance of securities by certain funds in exchange for fund shares is subject to additional requirements. For federal income tax purposes, a purchase of fund shares with securities will be treated as a sale or exchange of such securities on which the investor will generally realize a taxable gain or loss. The processing of a purchase of fund shares with securities involves certain delays while the fund considers the suitability of such securities and while other requirements are satisfied. For information regarding procedures for payment in securities, contact Putnam Retail Management. Investors should not send securities to the fund except when authorized to do so and in accordance with specific instructions received from Putnam Retail Management.

Class A shares and class M shares are generally sold with a sales charge payable at the time of purchase (except for class A shares and class M shares of money market funds). As used in this SAI and unless the context requires otherwise, the term “class A shares” includes shares of funds that offer only one class of shares. The prospectus contains a table of applicable sales charges.

Class B shares and class C shares are generally sold subject to a CDSC payable upon redemption within a specified period after purchase. The prospectus contains a table of applicable CDSCs. CDSCs on shares sold outside the United States may differ.

Class B shares will automatically convert into class A shares on or around the end of the month eight years after the purchase date. Class B shares acquired by exchanging class B shares of another Putnam fund will convert into class A shares based on the time of the initial purchase. Class B shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions will convert into Class A shares based on the date of the initial purchase to which such shares relate. For this purpose, class B shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions will be attributed to particular purchases of class B shares in accordance with such procedures as the Trustees may determine from time to time. The conversion of class B shares to class A shares is subject to the condition that such conversions will not constitute taxable events for Federal tax purposes.

Class T shares are sold at net asset value without a sales charge or CDSC. See the prospectus that offers class T shares for more information.

Class R shares, which are not subject to sales charges or a CDSC, are available only to certain defined contribution plans.

Class Y shares, which are not subject to sales charges or a CDSC, are available only to certain defined contribution plans, college savings plans, bank trust departments, trust companies and Putnam funds and investment products. See the prospectus that offers class Y shares for more information.

Sales without sales charges, contingent deferred sales charges or short-term trading fees. The fund may sell shares without a sales charge or CDSC to:

(i) current and former Trustees of the fund, their family members, business and personal associates; current and former employees of Putnam Management and certain corporate affiliates, their family members, business and personal associates; employee benefit plans for the foregoing; and partnerships, trusts or other entities in which any of the foregoing has a substantial interest;

(ii) employer-sponsored retirement plans, for the repurchase of shares in connection with repayment of plan loans made to plan participants (if the sum loaned was obtained by redeeming shares of a Putnam fund sold with a sales charge) (not offered by tax-exempt funds);

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(iii) clients of administrators or other service providers of tax-qualified employer-sponsored retirement plans which have entered into agreements with Putnam Retail Management (not offered by tax-exempt funds);

(iv) registered representatives and other employees of broker-dealers having sales agreements with Putnam Retail Management; employees of financial institutions having sales agreements with Putnam Retail Management or otherwise having an arrangement with any such broker-dealer or financial institution with respect to sales of fund shares; and their family members (Putnam Retail Management is regarded as the dealer of record for all such accounts);

(v) investors meeting certain requirements who sold shares of certain Putnam closed-end funds pursuant to a tender offer by such closed-end fund;

(vi) a trust department of any financial institution purchasing shares of the fund in its capacity as trustee of any trust (other than a tax-qualified retirement plan trust), through an arrangement approved by Putnam Retail Management, if the value of the shares of the fund and other Putnam funds purchased or held by all such trusts exceeds $1 million in the aggregate; and

(vii) “wrap accounts” maintained for clients of broker-dealers, financial institutions or financial intermediaries who have entered into agreements with Putnam Retail Management with respect to such accounts, which in all cases shall be subject to a wrap fee economically comparable to a sales charge. Fund shares offered pursuant to this waiver may not be advertised as “no load,” or otherwise offered for sale at net asset value without a wrap fee.

In addition to the categories enumerated above, in connection with settlements reached in 2005 between certain broker dealers and the NASD and/or SEC regarding sales of class B and class C shares in excess of certain dollar thresholds, the fund will permit shareholders who are clients of these firms to redeem class B and class C shares of the fund and concurrently purchase class A shares (in an amount to be determined by the dealer of record and Putnam Retail Management in accordance with the terms of the applicable settlement) without paying an initial sales charge.

The fund may issue its shares at net asset value without an initial sales charge or a CDSC in connection with the acquisition of substantially all of the securities owned by other investment companies or personal holding companies. The CDSC will be waived on redemptions to pay premiums for insurance under Putnam’s insured investor program.

Investors who set up an Systematic Withdrawal Plan (“SWP”) for a share account (see “Plans available to shareholders -- Systematic Withdrawal Plan”) may withdraw through the SWP up to 12% of the net asset value of the account (calculated as set forth below) each year without incurring any CDSC. Shares not subject to a CDSC (such as shares representing reinvestment of distributions) will be redeemed first and will count toward the 12% limitation. If there are insufficient shares not subject to a CDSC, shares subject to the lowest CDSC liability will be redeemed next until the 12% limit is reached. The 12% figure is calculated on a pro rata basis at the time of the first payment made pursuant to an SWP and recalculated thereafter on a pro rata basis at the time of each SWP payment. Therefore, shareholders who have chosen an SWP based on a percentage of the net asset value of their account of up to 12% will be able to receive SWP payments without incurring a CDSC. However, shareholders who have chosen a specific dollar amount (for example, $100 per month from the fund that pays income distributions monthly) for their periodic SWP payment should be aware that the amount of that payment not subject to a CDSC may vary over time depending on the net asset value of their account. For example, if the net asset value of the account is $10,000 at the time of payment, the shareholder will receive $100 free of the CDSC (12% of $10,000 divided by 12 monthly payments). However, if at the time of the next payment the net asset value of the account has fallen to $9,400, the shareholder will receive $94 free of any CDSC (12% of $9,400 divided by 12 monthly payments) and $6 subject to the lowest applicable CDSC. This SWP privilege may be revised or terminated at any time.

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No CDSC is imposed on the redemption of shares of any class subject to a CDSC to the extent that the shares redeemed (i) are no longer subject to the holding period therefor, (ii) resulted from reinvestment of distributions, or (iii) were exchanged for shares of another Putnam fund, provided that the shares acquired in such exchange or subsequent exchanges (including shares of a Putnam money market fund) will continue to remain subject to the CDSC, if applicable, until the applicable holding period expires. In determining whether the CDSC applies to each redemption, shares not subject to a CDSC are redeemed first.

The fund will waive any CDSC on redemptions, in the case of individual, joint or Uniform Transfers to Minors Act accounts, in the event of death or post-purchase disability of a shareholder, for the purpose of paying benefits pursuant to tax-qualified retirement plans (“Benefit Payments”), or, in the case of living trust accounts, in the event of the death or post-purchase disability of the settlor of the trust. Benefit Payments currently include, without limitation, (1) distributions from an IRA due to death or post-purchase disability, (2) a return of excess contributions to an IRA or 401(k) plan, and (3) distributions from retirement plans qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code or from a 403(b) plan due to death, disability, retirement or separation from service. These waivers may be changed at any time.

The short-term trading fee will not apply to automatic rebalancing arrangements entered into by Putnam Retail Management and dealers and also will not be imposed in cases of shareholder death or post-purchase disability or other circumstances in which a CDSC would be waived as stated above. In addition, the short-term trading fee will not apply to shares sold or exchanged by a Putnam fund-of-funds or a Section 529 college savings plan.

Additional Information About Class A and Class M Shares

The underwriter’s commission is the sales charge shown in the prospectus less any applicable dealer discount. Putnam Retail Management will give dealers ten days’ notice of any changes in the dealer discount. Putnam Retail Management retains the entire sales charge on any retail sales made by it.

Putnam Retail Management offers several plans by which an investor may obtain reduced sales charges on purchases of class A shares and class M shares. The variations in sales charges reflect the varying efforts required to sell shares to separate categories of purchasers. These plans may be altered or discontinued at any time.

The public offering price of class A and class M shares is the net asset value plus a sales charge that varies depending on the size of your purchase (calculable as described above). The fund receives the net asset value. The sales charge is allocated between your investment dealer and Putnam Retail Management as shown in the following table, except when Putnam Retail Management, in its discretion, allocates the entire amount to your investment dealer.

For Growth Funds, Blend Funds, Value Funds, Asset Allocation Funds and RetirementReady® Funds only:

		^		^
		^		^


	^		^
^
^	^	^	^	^
^	^	^	^	^
^	^	^	^	^
^	^	^	^	^
^	^	^	^	^
^	^	^	^	^

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	CLASS A		CLASS M
		Amount of sales		Amount of sales
		charge		charge
		reallowed to		reallowed to
	Sales charge as	dealers as a	Sales charge as	dealers as a
Amount of transaction at	a percentage of	percentage of	a percentage of	percentage of
offering price ($)	offering price	offering price	offering price	offering price

Under 50,000	5.25%	5.00%	3.25%	3.00%
50,000 but under 100,000	4.00	3.75	2.25	2.00
100,000 but under 250,000	3.00	2.75	1.25	1.00
250,000 but under 500,000	2.25	2.00	1.00	1.00
500,000 but under 1,000,000	2.00	1.75	1.00	1.00
1,000,000 and above	NONE	NONE	NONE	NONE

^For Taxable and Tax-Free Income Funds only (except for Money Market Funds, Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund and Putnam Limited Duration Government Income Fund):

	CLASS A		CLASS M
		Amount of sales		Amount of sales
		charge		charge
		reallowed to		reallowed to
	Sales charge as	dealers as a	Sales charge as	dealers as a
Amount of transaction at	a percentage of	percentage of	a percentage of	percentage of
offering price ($)	offering price	offering price	offering price	offering price

Under 50,000	3.75%	3.50%	3.25%	3.00%
50,000 but under 100,000	3.75	3.50	2.25	2.00
100,000 but under 250,000	3.00	2.75	1.25	1.00
250,000 but under 500,000	2.25	2.00	1.00	1.00
500,000 but under 1,000,000	2.00	1.75	1.00	1.00
1,000,000 and above	NONE	NONE	NONE	NONE

		^		^
		^		^


	^		^
^
^	^	^	^	^
^	^	^	^	^
^	^	^	^	^
^	^	^	^	^
^	^	^	^	^
^	^	^	^	^

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For Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund and Putnam Limited Duration Government Income Fund only:

		^		^
		^		^


	^		^
^
^	^	^	^	^
^	^	^	^	^
^	^	^	^	^
^	^	^	^	^
^	^	^	^	^

	CLASS A		CLASS M
		Amount of sales		Amount of sales
		charge		charge
		reallowed to		reallowed to
	Sales charge as	dealers as a	Sales charge as	dealers as a
Amount of transaction at	a percentage of	percentage of	a percentage of	percentage of
offering price ($)	offering price	offering price	offering price	offering price

Under 100,000	3.25%	3.00%	2.00%	1.80%
100,000 but under 250,000	2.50	2.25	1.25	1.00
250,000 but under 500,000	2.00	1.75	1.00	1.00
500,000 but under 1,000,000	1.50	1.25	1.00	1.00
1,000,000 and above	NONE	NONE	NONE	NONE

Combined purchase privilege. The following persons may qualify for the sales charge reductions or eliminations shown in the prospectus by combining into a single transaction the purchase of class A shares or class M shares with other purchases of any class of shares by such persons:

(i) an individual, or a “company” as defined in Section 2(a)(8) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (which includes corporations which are corporate affiliates of each other);

(ii) an individual, his or her spouse and their children under twenty-one, purchasing for his, her or their own account;

(iii) a trustee or other fiduciary purchasing for a single trust estate or single fiduciary account (including a pension, profit-sharing, or other employee benefit trust created pursuant to a plan qualified under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”));

(iv) tax-exempt organizations qualifying under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (not including tax-exempt organizations qualifying under Section 403(b)(7) (a “403(b) plan”) of the Code; and

(v) employee benefit plans of a single employer or of affiliated employers, other than 403(b) plans.

A combined purchase currently may also include shares of any class of other continuously offered Putnam funds (other than money market funds) purchased at the same time, if the dealer places the order for such shares directly with Putnam Retail Management.

Right of accumulation. A purchaser of class A shares or class M shares may qualify for a right of accumulation discount by combining all current purchases by such person with the value of certain other

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shares of any class of Putnam funds already owned. In the case of an individual purchaser, all current purchases made or already owned by the individual’s spouse and children under the age of 21 may be combined with the individual’s current purchases. The applicable sales charge is based on the total of:

(i) the investor’s current purchase(s); and

(ii) the maximum public offering price (at the close of business on the previous day) of:

(a) all shares held in accounts registered to the investor and other accounts eligible to be linked to the investor’s accounts (as described below) in all of the Putnam funds (except closed-end and money market funds, unless acquired as described in (b) below); and

(b) any shares of money market funds acquired by exchange from other Putnam funds

Account types eligible to be linked for the purpose of qualifying for a right of accumulation discount include the following (in each case as registered to the investor, his or her spouse and his or her children under the age of 21):

(i) individual accounts;

(ii) joint accounts;

(iii) accounts established as part of a plan established pursuant to Section 403(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“403(b) plans”) or an IRA other than a Simple IRA, SARSEP or SEP IRA;

(iv) shares owned through accounts in the name of the investor’s (or spouse’s or minor child’s) dealer or other financial intermediary (with documentation identifying to the satisfaction of Putnam Investor Services the beneficial ownership of such shares); and

(v) accounts established as part of a Section 529 college savings plan managed by Putnam Management

Putnam Investor Services automatically links accounts the registrations of which are under the same last name and address. Shares owned by a plan participant as part of an employee benefit plan of a single employer or of affiliated employers (other than 403(b) plans) or a single fiduciary account opened by a trustee or other fiduciary (including a pension, profit-sharing, or other employee benefit trust created pursuant to a plan qualified under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code) are not eligible for linking to other accounts attributable to such person to qualify for the right of accumulation discount, although all current purchases made by each such plan may be combined with existing aggregate balances of such plan in Putnam funds for purposes of determining the sales charge applicable to shares purchased at such time by the plan.

To obtain the right of accumulation discount on a purchase through an investment dealer, when each purchase is made the investor or dealer must provide Putnam Retail Management with sufficient information to verify that the purchase qualifies for the privilege or discount. The shareholder must furnish this information to Putnam Investor Services when making direct cash investments. Sales charge discounts under a right of accumulation apply only to current purchases. No credit is given for any higher sales charge paid with respect to previous purchases for the investor’s account or any linked accounts.

Statement of Intention. Investors may also obtain the reduced sales charges for class A shares or class M shares shown in the prospectus for investments of a particular amount by means of a written Statement of Intention, which expresses the investor’s intention to invest that amount (including certain “credits,” as described below) within a period of 13 months in shares of any class of the fund or any other continuously offered Putnam fund (excluding money market funds). Each purchase of class A shares or class M shares under a Statement of Intention will be made at the public offering price applicable at the time of such purchase to a single transaction of the total dollar amount indicated in the Statement of Intention. A Statement of Intention may include purchases of shares made not more than 90 days prior to the date that an investor signs a

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Statement; however, the 13-month period during which the Statement of Intention is in effect will begin on the date of the earliest purchase to be included.

An investor may receive a credit toward the amount indicated in the Statement of Intention equal to the maximum public offering price as of the close of business on the previous day of all shares he or she owns on the date of the Statement of Intention which are eligible for purchase under a Statement of Intention (plus any shares of money market funds acquired by exchange of such eligible shares). Investors do not receive credit for shares purchased by the reinvestment of distributions. Investors qualifying for the “combined purchase privilege” (see above) may purchase shares under a single Statement of Intention.

The Statement of Intention is not a binding obligation upon the investor to purchase the full amount indicated. The minimum initial investment under a Statement of Intention is 5% of such amount, and must be invested immediately. Class A shares or class M shares purchased with the first 5% of such amount will be held in escrow to secure payment of the higher sales charge applicable to the shares actually purchased if the full amount indicated is not purchased. When the full amount indicated has been purchased, the escrow will be released. If an investor desires to redeem escrowed shares before the full amount has been purchased, the shares will be released from escrow only if the investor pays the sales charge that, without regard to the Statement of Intention, would apply to the total investment made to date.

To the extent that an investor purchases more than the dollar amount indicated on the Statement of Intention and qualifies for a further reduced sales charge, the sales charge will be adjusted for the entire amount purchased at the end of the 13-month period, upon recovery from the investor’s dealer of its portion of the sales charge adjustment. Once received from the dealer, which may take a period of time or may never occur, the sales charge adjustment will be used to purchase additional shares at the then current offering price applicable to the actual amount of the aggregate purchases. These additional shares will not be considered as part of the total investment for the purpose of determining the applicable sales charge pursuant to the Statement of Intention. No sales charge adjustment will be made unless and until the investor’s dealer returns any excess commissions previously received.

To the extent that an investor purchases less than the dollar amount indicated on the Statement of Intention within the 13-month period, the sales charge will be adjusted upward for the entire amount purchased at the end of the 13-month period. This adjustment will be made by redeeming shares from the account to cover the additional sales charge, the proceeds of which will be paid to the investor’s dealer and Putnam Retail Management in accordance with the prospectus. Putnam Retail Management will make a corresponding downward adjustment to the amount of the reallowance payable to the dealer with respect to purchases made prior to the investor’s failure to fulfill the conditions of the Statement of Intention. If the account exceeds an amount that would otherwise qualify for a reduced sales charge, that reduced sales charge will be applied. Adjustments to sales charges and dealer reallowances will not be made in the case of the shareholder’s death prior to the expiration of the 13-month period.

Statements of Intention are not available for certain employee benefit plans.

Statement of Intention forms may be obtained from Putnam Retail Management or from investment dealers. In addition, shareholders may complete the applicable portion of the fund’s standard account application. Interested investors should read the Statement of Intention carefully.

Group purchases of class A and class M shares. Members of qualified groups may purchase class A shares of the fund at a group sales charge rate of 4.50% of the public offering price (4.71% of the net amount invested). The dealer discount on such sales is 3.75% of the offering price. Members of qualified groups may also purchase class M shares at net asset value.

To receive the class A or class M group rate, group members must purchase shares through a single investment dealer designated by the group. The designated dealer must transmit each member’s initial purchase to Putnam Retail Management, together with payment and completed application forms. After the initial purchase, a

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member may send funds for the purchase of shares directly to Putnam Investor Services. Purchases of shares are made at the public offering price based on the net asset value next determined after Putnam Retail Management or Putnam Investor Services receives payment for the shares. The minimum investment requirements described above apply to purchases by any group member. Only shares purchased under the class A group discount are included in calculating the purchased amount for the purposes of these requirements.

Qualified groups include the employees of a corporation or a sole proprietorship, members and employees of a partnership or association, or other organized groups of persons (the members of which may include other qualified groups) provided that: (i) the group has at least 25 members of which, with respect to the class A discount only, at least 10 members participate in the initial purchase; (ii) the group has been in existence for at least six months; (iii) the group has some purpose in addition to the purchase of investment company shares at a reduced sales charge; (iv) the group’s sole organizational nexus or connection is not that the members are credit card holders of a company, policy holders of an insurance company, customers of a bank or broker-dealer, clients of an investment adviser or security holders of a company; (v) with respect to the class A discount only, the group agrees to provide its designated investment dealer access to the group’s membership by means of written communication or direct presentation to the membership at a meeting on not less frequently than an annual basis; (vi) the group or its investment dealer will provide annual certification in form satisfactory to Putnam Investor Services that the group then has at least 25 members and, with respect to the class A discount only, that at least ten members participated in group purchases during the immediately preceding 12 calendar months; and (vii) the group or its investment dealer will provide periodic certification in form satisfactory to Putnam Investor Services as to the eligibility of the purchasing members of the group.

Members of a qualified group include: (i) any group which meets the requirements stated above and which is a constituent member of a qualified group; (ii) any individual purchasing for his or her own account who is carried on the records of the group or on the records of any constituent member of the group as being a good standing employee, partner, member or person of like status of the group or constituent member; or (iii) any fiduciary purchasing shares for the account of a member of a qualified group or a member’s beneficiary. For example, a qualified group could consist of a trade association which would have as its members individuals, sole proprietors, partnerships and corporations. The members of the group would then consist of the individuals, the sole proprietors and their employees, the members of the partnerships and their employees, and the corporations and their employees, as well as the trustees of employee benefit trusts acquiring class A shares for the benefit of any of the foregoing.

A member of a qualified group may, depending upon the value of class A shares of the fund owned or proposed to be purchased by the member, be entitled to purchase class A shares of the fund at non-group sales charge rates shown in the prospectus which may be lower than the group sales charge rate, if the member qualifies as a person entitled to reduced non-group sales charges. Such a group member will be entitled to purchase at the lower rate if, at the time of purchase, the member or his or her investment dealer furnishes sufficient information for Putnam Retail Management or Putnam Investor Services to verify that the purchase qualifies for the lower rate.

Interested groups should contact their investment dealer or Putnam Retail Management. The fund reserves the right to revise the terms of or to suspend or discontinue group sales at any time.

Purchases of $1 million or more of Class A shares. Purchases of class A shares of one or more Putnam funds (other than money market funds) of $1 million or more are not subject to an initial sales charge, but shares purchased on or after October 3, 2005 by investors other than qualified benefit plans are subject to a CDSC of 1.00% if redeemed before the first day of the month in which the eighteenth-month anniversary of the purchase falls, unless the dealer of record has, with Putnam Retail Management’s approval, (i) waived its commission or (ii) agreed to refund its commission to Putnam Retail Management if a CDSC would otherwise apply. Shares purchased prior to October 3, 2005 by investors other than qualified benefit plans continue to be subject to a CDSC of 1.00% or 0.50% if redeemed before the first or second anniversary, respectively, of purchase, subject to the same exceptions.

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Subject to the exceptions stated in the preceding paragraph, a deferred sales charge of 1.00% will apply to class A shares and class T shares of Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund that are obtained by exchanging shares from another Putnam fund that were originally purchased on or after October 3, 2005 without an initial sales charge, if the shares are redeemed before the first day of the month in which the eighteenth-month anniversary of the original purchase falls. Shares of a Putnam fund that are purchased prior to October 3, 2005 by investors other than qualified benefit plans and subsequently exchanged for class A or class T shares of Putnam Money Market Fund or class A shares of Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund continue to be subject to a CDSC of 1.00% or 0.50% if redeemed before the first or second anniversary, respectively, of the original purchase, subject to the exceptions stated in the preceding paragraph.

On sales of class A shares at net asset value to a qualified benefit plan, Putnam Retail Management pays commissions monthly to the dealer of record at the time of the sale on net monthly purchases up to the following rates: 1.00% of the first $1 million, 0.75% of the next $1 million and 0.50% thereafter.

On sales at net asset value to other investors, Putnam Retail Management pays commissions on sales during the one-year period beginning with the date of the initial purchase at net asset value. Each subsequent one-year measuring period for these purposes begins with the first net asset value purchase following the end of the prior period. These commissions are paid at the rate of 1.00% of the amount under $3 million, 0.50% of the next $47 million and 0.25% thereafter.

Purchases of less than $1 million of Class A shares for rollover IRAs. Purchases of class A shares for a Putnam Rollover IRA, including Putnam Rollover IRAs for which Putnam Retail Management or an affiliate is the dealer of record, with less than $1 million in proceeds from a retirement plan for which Putnam Management, an affiliate of Putnam Management or a business partner of such affiliate is the administrator, are not subject to an initial sales charge or CDSC. Putnam Retail Management or Putnam Investor Services may pay commissions or finders’ fees of up to 1.00% of the proceeds for such Putnam Rollover IRA purchases to the dealer of record or other third party.

Purchases of Class M shares for rollover IRAs. Purchases of class M shares for a Putnam Rollover IRA with proceeds in any amount from a retirement plan for which Putnam Management, an affiliate of Putnam Management or a business partner of such affiliate is the administrator, are not subject to an initial sales charge but may be subject to a CDSC on shares redeemed within one year of purchase at the rates set forth below, which are equal to commissions Putnam Retail Management pays to the dealer of record at the time of the sale of class M shares. These purchases will not be subject to a CDSC if the dealer of record has, with Putnam Retail Management’s approval, waived its commission or agreed to refund its commission to Putnam Retail Management if a CDSC would otherwise apply.

	^
^		^
^		^
^		^

	Class M CDSC and dealer commission
All growth, blend, value and asset allocation funds:	0.65%
All income funds (except Putnam Money Market Fund):	0.40%

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Putnam Money Market Fund

0.15%

Additional Information About Class B, Class C and Class R Shares

Except as noted below, Putnam Retail Management will pay a 4% commission on sales of class B shares of the fund only to those financial intermediaries who have entered into service agreements with Putnam Retail Management. For tax-exempt funds, this commission includes a 0.20% pre-paid service fee (except for Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund and Putnam AMT-Free Insured Municipal Fund, each of which has a 0.25% pre-paid service fee). For Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund and Putnam Limited Duration Government Income Fund, Putnam Retail Management will pay a 2.75% commission to financial intermediaries selling class B shares of the fund. Putnam Retail Management pays financial intermediaries a 1.00% commission on sales of class C shares of a fund, and may, at its discretion, pay financial intermediaries up to a 1.00% commission on sales of class R shares of a fund. Putnam Retail Management will retain any CDSC imposed on redemptions of class B and class C shares to compensate it for the cost of paying the up-front commissions paid to financial intermediaries for class B or class C share sales. Purchases of class C shares may be made without a CDSC if the dealer of record has, with Putnam Retail Management’s approval, waived its commission or agreed to refund its commission to Putnam Retail Management. Commissions may vary on sales outside the United States.

Putnam Prime Money Market Fund

The fund makes a continuous offering of its shares. Shares of the fund are sold at the net asset value per share next determined after confirmation of a completed purchase order by Putnam Investor Services. As the fund is designed for institutional investors, the share classes offered and the terms and conditions of buying them vary from other Putnam funds. The fund’s prospectus contains detailed information on these terms and conditions. Payment for shares must be in federal funds or other immediately available funds.

No initial or contingent deferred sales charges apply to shares of the fund.

ADDITIONAL DEALER PAYMENTS

As described above and in the section “Distribution Plans,” dealers may receive different commissions, sales charge reallowances and other payments with respect to sales of different classes of shares of the funds. These payments may include servicing payments to retirement plan administrators and other institutions up to the same levels as described below under “Distribution Plans.” For purposes of this section the term “dealer” includes any broker, dealer, bank, bank trust department, registered investment advisor, financial planner, retirement plan administrator and any other institution having a selling, services or any similar agreement with Putnam Retail Management or one of its affiliates.

Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates pay additional compensation to selected dealers under the categories described below. These categories are not mutually exclusive, and a single dealer may receive payments under all categories. These payments may create an incentive for a dealer firm or its representatives to recommend or offer shares of the fund or other Putnam funds to its customers. These additional payments are made pursuant to agreements with dealers and do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of a share or the amount a fund will receive as proceeds from such sales or the distribution (12b-1) fees and the expenses paid by the fund as shown under the heading “Fees and Expenses” in the prospectus.

Marketing Support Payments

Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates will make payments to certain dealers for marketing support services, including business planning assistance, educating dealer personnel about the Putnam funds and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on the dealer’s preferred or recommended fund company list, and access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the dealer. These

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payments are made to dealers that are registered as holders of record or dealers of record for accounts in the fund. These payments are generally based on one or more of the following factors: average net assets of Putnam’s retail mutual funds attributable to that dealer, gross or net sales of Putnam’s retail mutual funds attributable to that dealer, reimbursement of ticket charges (fees that a dealer firm charges its representatives for effecting transactions in fund shares) or a negotiated lump sum payment for services rendered.

Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates compensate dealers differently depending upon, among other factors, the level and/or type of marketing support provided by the dealer. In addition, payments typically apply to retail sales and assets, but may not, in certain situations, apply to other specific types of sales or assets, such as to retirement plans or fee-based advisory programs.

Marketing support payments to any one dealer are not expected, with certain limited exceptions, to exceed 0.085% of the average ^assets of Putnam’s retail mutual funds attributable to that dealer on an annual basis. The following dealers (and such dealers’ respective affiliates) received marketing support payments from Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates during the calendar year ended December 31, 2005:

Advantage Capital Corporation	Morgan Stanley DW Inc.
Advest, Inc.	Multi-Financial Services Corporation
A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc.	Mutual Service Corporation
Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc.	National Planning Corporation
American General Securities Incorporated	New England Securities Corporation
American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc.	People’s Securities, Inc.
Associated Securities Corp.	PFS Investments, Inc.
Cadaret, Grant & Co., Inc	Piper Jaffray & Co.
Citicorp Investment Services	PNC Investments LLC
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.	Prime Vest Financial Services, Inc.
Commonwealth Equity Services	RBC Dain Rauscher, Inc.
CUNA Brokerage Services, Inc.	Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated
Edward Jones & Co.	Royal Alliance Associates
Financial Network Investment Company	Securities America Financial Corporation, Inc.
FSC Securities Corporation	Sentra Securities Corporation
HD Vest Investment Securities, Inc.	Signator Investors, Inc.
ING Financial Advisers, LLC	SII Investments, Inc.
ING Financial Partners	SMBC Friend Securities Co., Ltd.
INVEST Financial Corporation	Spelman & Co., Inc.
Investment Centers of America, Inc.	SunAmerica Securities, Inc.
Janney Montgomery Scott LLC	Sun Trust Investment Services, Inc.
Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated	TCF Investments, Inc.
Linsco/Private Ledger Corp.	Terra Securities Corporation
McDonald Investments Inc.	Tower Square Securities
Mellon Financial Markets, LLC	UBS Financial Services Inc.
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated	United Planners Financial Services of America
MetLife Securities, Inc	Wachovia Securities, LLC
M L Stern & Company	Walnut Street Securities, Inc.
M&T Securities, Inc	Waterstone Financial Group Inc.
	Wells Fargo Investments, LLC

Additional dealers may receive marketing support payments in 2006 and in future years. Any additions, modifications or deletions to the list of dealers identified above that have occurred since December 31, 2005 are not reflected. You can ask your dealer about any payments it receives from Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates.

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Program Servicing Payments

Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates will also make payments to certain dealers that sell Putnam fund shares through retirement plans and other investment programs to compensate dealers for a variety of services they provide to such programs. A dealer may perform program services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform program services. In addition to participant recordkeeping, reporting, or transaction processing, program services may include services rendered in connection with fund/investment selection and monitoring, employee enrollment and education, plan balance rollover or separation, or other similar services. Payments by Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates for program servicing support to any one dealer are not expected, with certain limited exceptions, to exceed 0.15% of the total assets in the program on an annual basis. In addition, Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates will make one-time or annual payments to selected dealers receiving program servicing payments in reimbursement of printing costs for literature for participants, account maintenance fees or fees for establishment of Putnam funds on the dealer’s system. The amounts of these payments may, but will not normally (except in cases where the aggregate assets in the program are small), cause the aggregate amount of the program servicing payments to such dealer on an annual basis to exceed the amounts set forth above.

The following dealers (and such dealers’ respective affiliates) received program servicing payments from Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates during the calendar year ended December 31, 2005:

Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc.	Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
Ceridian Retirement Plan Services, Inc.	National Financial Services LLC
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.	Nationwide Investment Services Corporation
Correll Co.	Nationwide Life Insurance Company
CPI Qualified Plan Consultants, Inc.	Plan Administrators, Inc.
DailyAccess Corporation	Principal Life Insurance Company
ExpertPlan, Inc.	Suntrust Bank, Inc.
Great West Life & Annuity Insurance Company	The Charles Schwab Trust Company
GWFS Equities, Inc.	Wachovia Bank, N.A.
Hartford Life Insurance Company	Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.

Additional dealers may receive program servicing payments in 2006 and in future years. Any additions, modifications or deletions to the list of dealers identified above that have occurred since December 31, 2005 are not reflected. You can ask your dealer about any payments it receives from Putnam Retail Management and its affiliates.

Other Payments

From time to time, Putnam Retail Management, at its expense, may provide additional compensation to dealers which sell or arrange for the sale of shares of the fund to the extent not prohibited by laws or the rules of any self-regulatory agency, such as the NASD. Such compensation provided by Putnam Retail Management may include financial assistance to dealers that enable Putnam Retail Management to participate in and/or present at dealer-sponsored conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other dealer employees, dealer entertainment, and other dealer-sponsored events, and travel expenses, including lodging incurred by registered representatives and other employees in connection with prospecting, retention and due diligence trips. Putnam Retail Management makes payments for entertainment events it deems appropriate, subject to Putnam Retail Management’s internal guidelines and applicable law. These payments may vary upon the nature of the event.

Certain dealers also receive payments from the funds’ transfer agent in recognition of subaccounting or other services they provide to shareholders or plan participants who invest in the fund or other Putnam funds through their retirement plan. These payments are not expected, with certain exceptions both for affiliated and unaffiliated entities noted in the discussion under the heading “Management – Investor

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Servicing Agent and Custodian,” to exceed 0.13% of the total assets of such shareholders or plan participants in the fund or other Putnam funds on an annual basis. See the discussion under the heading “Management – Investor Servicing Agent and Custodian” for more details.

You can ask your dealer for information about payments it receives from Putnam Retail Management or its affiliates and the services it provides for those payments.

In addition to payments to dealers described above, PFTC or Putnam Retail Management may, at the direction of a retirement plan’s sponsor, reimburse or pay direct expenses of the plan that would otherwise be payable by the plan.

DISTRIBUTION PLANS

If the fund or a class of shares of the fund has adopted a distribution plan, the prospectus describes the principal features of the plan. This SAI contains additional information which may be of interest to investors.

Continuance of a plan is subject to annual approval by a vote of the Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the fund and who have no direct or indirect interest in the plan or related arrangements (the “Qualified Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose. All material amendments to a plan must be likewise approved by the Trustees and the Qualified Trustees. No plan may be amended in order to increase materially the costs which the fund may bear for distribution pursuant to such plan without also being approved by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the fund or the relevant class of the fund, as the case may be. A plan terminates automatically in the event of its assignment and may be terminated without penalty, at any time, by a vote of a majority of the Qualified Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the fund or the relevant class of the fund, as the case may be.

Putnam Retail Management compensates qualifying dealers (including, for this purpose, certain financial institutions) for sales of shares and the maintenance of shareholder accounts.

Putnam Retail Management may suspend or modify its payments to dealers. The payments are also subject to the continuation of the relevant distribution plan, the terms of the service agreements between the dealers and Putnam Retail Management and any applicable limits imposed by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.

Financial institutions receiving payments from Putnam Retail Management as described above may be required to comply with various state and federal regulatory requirements, including among others those regulating the activities of securities brokers or dealers.

Except as otherwise agreed between Putnam Retail Management and a dealer, for purposes of determining the amounts payable to dealers for shareholder accounts for which such dealers are designated as the dealer of record, “average net asset value” means the product of (i) the average daily share balance in such account(s) and (ii) the average daily net asset value of the relevant class of shares over the quarter.

Class A shares:

Putnam Retail Management makes quarterly (or in certain cases monthly) payments to dealers at up to the annual rates set forth below (as a percentage of the average net asset value of class A shares for which such dealers are designated the dealer of record) except as described below. No payments are made during the first year after purchase on shares purchased at net asset value by shareholders that invest at least $1 million, unless the dealer of record has waived the sales commission, or, in the case of dealers of record for a qualified benefit plan investing at least $1 million, where such dealer has agreed to a reduced sales commission.

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Rate*	Fund


0.25%	All funds currently making payments under a class A
	distribution plan, except for those listed below


0.20% for shares purchased before 3/21/05;	Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund
0.25% for shares purchased on or after 3/21/05**


0.20% for shares purchased before 4/1/05;	Putnam AMT-Free Insured Municipal Fund
0.25% for shares purchased on or after 4/1/05


0.20% for shares purchased on or before 12/31/89;	Putnam Convertible Income-Growth Trust
0.25% for shares purchased after 12/31/89	The George Putnam Fund of Boston
	Putnam Global Equity Fund
	Putnam Global Natural Resources Fund
	Putnam Health Sciences Trust
	The Putnam Fund for Growth and Income
	Putnam Investors Fund
	Putnam Vista Fund
	Putnam Voyager Fund


0.20% for shares purchased on or before 3/31/90;	Putnam High Yield Trust
0.25% for shares purchased after 3/31/90	Putnam U.S. Government Income Trust


0.20% for shares purchased on or before 1/1/90;	Putnam Equity Income Fund
0.25% for shares purchased after 1/1/90


0.20% for shares purchased on or before 3/31/91;	Putnam Income Fund
0.25% for shares purchased after 3/31/91;


0.15% for shares purchased on or before 3/6/92;	Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund
0.20% for shares purchased after 3/6/92 but before	Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund
4/1/05;	Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund
0.25% for shares purchased on or after 4/1/05


0.15% for shares purchased on or before 5/11/92;	Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund
0.20% for shares purchased after 5/11/92 but before
4/1/05;
0.25% for shares purchased on or after 4/1/05

0.15% for shares purchased on or before 12/31/92;	Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Fund
0.20% for shares purchased after 12/31/92 but	Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund
before 4/1/05;	Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Fund
0.25% for shares purchased on or after 4/1/05	Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund


0.15% for shares purchased on or before 3/5/93;	Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund
0.20% for shares purchased after 3/5/93 but before
4/1/05;
0.25% for shares purchased on or after 4/1/05


0.15% for shares purchased on or before 7/8/93;	Putnam Florida Tax Exempt Income Fund
0.20% for shares purchased after 7/8/93 but before	Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund
4/1/05;
0.25% for shares purchased on or after 4/1/05


0.00%	Putnam Money Market Fund
	Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund

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*For purposes of this table, shares are deemed to be purchased on date of settlement (i.e., once purchased and paid for). Shares issued in connection with dividend reinvestments are considered to be purchased on the date of their issuance, not the issuance of the original shares.

**Shares of Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund issued in connection with the merger of Putnam Municipal Income Fund into that fund pay a commission at the annual rate of 0.20% or 0.25%, based on the date of the original purchase of the shareholder’s corresponding shares of Putnam Municipal Income Fund, as set forth below: 0.20% for shares purchased on or before 5/7/92; 0.25% for shares purchased after 5/7/92.

Class B shares:

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Rate	Fund


0.25%	All funds currently making payments under a class B
	distribution plan, except for those listed below


0.25%, except that the first year’s service fees of	Putnam AMT-Free Insured Municipal Fund
0.25% are prepaid at time of sale	Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund


0.20%, except that the first year’s service fees of	Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund
0.20% are prepaid at time of sale	Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Fund
	Putnam Florida Tax Exempt Income Fund
	Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund
	Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund
	Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund
	Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund
	Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Fund
	Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund
	Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund
	Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund

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0.00%

Putnam Money Market Fund

Class C shares:

Putnam Retail Management makes quarterly (or in certain cases monthly) payments to dealers at the annual rates set forth below (as a percentage of the average net asset value of class C shares for which such dealers are designated the dealer of record). No payments are made during the first year after purchase unless the shareholder has made arrangements with Putnam Retail Management and the dealer of record has waived the sales commission.

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Rate	Fund

1.00%	All funds currently making payments under a class C
	distribution plan, except the fund listed below

0.50%	Putnam Money Market Fund

Different rates may apply to shares sold outside the United States.

Class M shares:

Putnam Retail Management makes quarterly (or in certain cases monthly) payments to dealers at the annual rates set forth below (as a percentage of the average net asset value of class M shares for which such dealers are designated the dealer of record), except as follows. No payments are made during the first year after purchase on shares purchased at net asset value for Putnam Rollover IRAs, unless the dealer of record has waived the sales commission.

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Rate	Fund


0.65%	All growth, blend, value and asset allocation funds
	currently making payments under a class M
	distribution plan

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0.40%	All income funds currently making payments under a
	class M distribution plan (except for Putnam Money
	Market Fund)

0.15%	Putnam Money Market Fund

Class R shares:

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Rate	Fund


0.50%	All funds currently making payments under a class R
	distribution plan

A portion of the Class R distribution fee payable to dealers may be paid to third parties who provide services to plans investing in Class R shares and participants in such plans.

Class T shares:

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Rate	Fund

0.25%	Putnam Money Market Fund

Class S Shares:

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Rate	Fund

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0.10%

Putnam Prime Money Market Fund

INVESTOR SERVICES

Shareholder Information

Each time shareholders buy or sell shares, they will receive a statement confirming the transaction and listing their current share balance. (Under certain investment plans, a statement may only be sent quarterly.) Shareholders will receive a statement confirming reinvestment of distributions in additional fund shares (or in shares of other Putnam funds for Dividends Plus accounts) promptly following the quarter in which the reinvestment occurs. To help shareholders take full advantage of their Putnam investment, they will receive a Welcome Kit and a periodic publication covering many topics of interest to investors. The fund also sends annual and semiannual reports that keep shareholders informed about its portfolio and performance, and year-end tax information to simplify their recordkeeping. Easy-to-read, free booklets on special subjects such as the Exchange Privilege and IRAs are available from Putnam Investor Services. Shareholders may call Putnam Investor Services toll-free weekdays at 1-800-225-1581 between 8:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m., and Saturdays from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Boston time for more information, including account balances. Shareholders can also visit the Putnam website at http://www.putnam.com.

Your Investing Account

The following information provides more detail concerning the operation of a Putnam Investing Account. For further information or assistance, investors should consult Putnam Investor Services. Shareholders who purchase shares through a defined contribution plan should note that not all of the services or features described below may be available to them, and they should contact their employer for details.

A shareholder may reinvest a cash distribution without a front-end sales charge or without the reinvested shares being subject to a CDSC, as the case may be, by delivering to Putnam Investor Services the uncashed distribution check, endorsed to the order of the fund. Putnam Investor Services must receive the properly endorsed check within 1 year after the date of the check.

The Investing Account also provides a way to accumulate shares of the fund. In most cases, after an initial investment of $500, a shareholder may send checks to Putnam Investor Services for $50 or more, made payable to the fund, to purchase additional shares at the applicable public offering price next determined after Putnam Investor Services receives the check. Checks must be drawn on a U.S. bank and must be payable in U.S. dollars.

Putnam Investor Services acts as the shareholder’s agent whenever it receives instructions to carry out a transaction on the shareholder’s account. Upon receipt of instructions that shares are to be purchased for a shareholder’s account, shares will be purchased through the investment dealer designated by the shareholder. Shareholders may change investment dealers at any time by written notice to Putnam Investor Services, provided the new dealer has a sales agreement with Putnam Retail Management.

Shares credited to an account are transferable upon written instructions in good order to Putnam Investor Services and may be sold to the fund as described under “How do I sell fund shares?” in the prospectus. Money market funds and certain other funds will not issue share certificates. A shareholder may send to Putnam Investor Services any certificates which have been previously issued for safekeeping at no charge to the shareholder.

Putnam Retail Management, at its expense, may provide certain additional reports and administrative material to qualifying institutional investors with fiduciary responsibilities to assist these investors in discharging their responsibilities. Institutions seeking further information about this service should contact Putnam Retail Management, which may modify or terminate this service at any time.

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Putnam Investor Services may make special services available to shareholders with investments exceeding $1,000,000. Contact Putnam Investor Services for details.

The fund pays Putnam Investor Services’ fees for maintaining Investing Accounts.

Reinstatement Privilege

An investor who has redeemed shares of the fund may reinvest (within 1 year) the proceeds of such sale in shares of the same class of the fund, or may be able to reinvest (within 1 year) the proceeds in shares of the same class of one of the other continuously offered Putnam funds (through the exchange privilege described in the prospectus), including, in the case of shares subject to a CDSC, the amount of CDSC charged on the redemption. Any such reinvestment would be at the net asset value of the shares of the fund(s) the investor selects, next determined after Putnam Retail Management receives a Reinstatement Authorization. The time that the previous investment was held will be included in determining any applicable CDSC due upon redemptions and, in the case of class B shares, the eight-year period for conversion to class A shares. Reinstatements into class B, class C or class M shares may be permitted even if the resulting purchase would otherwise be rejected for causing a shareholder’s investments in such class to exceed the applicable investment maximum. Shareholders will receive from Putnam Retail Management the amount of any CDSC paid at the time of redemption as part of the reinstated investment, which may be treated as capital gains to the shareholder for tax purposes. Exercise of the Reinstatement Privilege does not alter the federal income tax treatment of any capital gains realized on a sale of fund shares, but to the extent that any shares are sold at a loss and the proceeds are reinvested in shares of the fund, some or all of the loss may be disallowed as a deduction. Consult your tax adviser. Investors who desire to exercise the Reinstatement Privilege should contact their investment dealer or Putnam Investor Services.

Exchange Privilege

Except as otherwise set forth in this section, by calling Putnam Investor Services, investors may exchange shares valued up to $500,000 between accounts with identical registrations, provided that no certificates are outstanding for such shares. During periods of unusual market changes and shareholder activity, shareholders may experience delays in contacting Putnam Investor Services by telephone to exercise the telephone exchange privilege. No exchanges are permitted into or out of Putnam Prime Money Market Fund.

Putnam Investor Services also makes exchanges promptly after receiving a properly completed Exchange Authorization Form and, if issued, share certificates. If the shareholder is a corporation, partnership, agent, or surviving joint owner, Putnam Investor Services will require additional documentation of a customary nature. Because an exchange of shares involves the redemption of fund shares and reinvestment of the proceeds in shares of another Putnam fund, completion of an exchange may be delayed under unusual circumstances if the fund were to suspend redemptions or postpone payment for the fund shares being exchanged, in accordance with federal securities laws. Exchange Authorization Forms and prospectuses of the other Putnam funds are available from Putnam Retail Management or investment dealers having sales contracts with Putnam Retail Management. The prospectus of each fund describes its investment objective(s) and policies, and shareholders should obtain a prospectus and consider these objectives and policies carefully before requesting an exchange. Shares of certain Putnam funds are not available to residents of all states. The fund reserves the right to change or suspend the exchange privilege at any time. Shareholders would be notified of any change or suspension. Additional information is available from Putnam Investor Services.

Shareholders of other Putnam funds may also exchange their shares at net asset value for shares of the fund, as set forth in the current prospectus of each fund. Exchanges from Putnam Money Market Fund or Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund into another Putnam fund may be subject to an initial sales charge.

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For federal income tax purposes, an exchange is a sale on which the investor generally will realize a capital gain or loss depending on whether the net asset value at the time of the exchange is more or less than the investor’s basis.

All exchanges are subject to applicable short-term trading fees and Putnam’s policies on short-term trading, as set forth in the Fund’s Prospectus. In addition, trustees, sponsors and administrators of qualified plans that invest in the Fund may impose short-term trading fees whose terms may differ from those described in the Prospectus.

Dividends PLUS

Shareholders may invest the fund’s distributions of net investment income or distributions combining net investment income and short-term capital gains in shares of the same class of another continuously offered Putnam fund (the “receiving fund”) using the net asset value per share of the receiving fund determined on the date the fund’s distribution is payable. No sales charge or CDSC will apply to the purchased shares unless the fund paying the distribution is a money market fund. The prospectus of each fund describes its investment objective(s) and policies, and shareholders should obtain a prospectus and consider these objective(s) and policies carefully before investing their distributions in the receiving fund. Shares of certain Putnam funds are not available to residents of all states.

The minimum account size requirement for the receiving fund will not apply if the current value of your account in the fund paying the distribution is more than $5,000.

Shareholders of other Putnam funds (except for money market funds, whose shareholders must pay a sales charge or become subject to a CDSC) may also use their distributions to purchase shares of the fund at net asset value.

For federal tax purposes, distributions from the fund which are reinvested in another fund are treated as paid by the fund to the shareholder and invested by the shareholder in the receiving fund and thus, to the extent comprised of taxable income and deemed paid to a taxable shareholder, are taxable.

The Dividends PLUS program may be revised or terminated at any time and is not available for dividends paid by Putnam Prime Money Market Fund. Shareholders in other Putnam funds cannot cross fund reinvest into the Putnam Prime Money Market Fund.

Plans Available To Shareholders

The plans described below are fully voluntary and may be terminated at any time without the imposition by the fund or Putnam Investor Services of any penalty. All plans provide for automatic reinvestment of all distributions in additional shares of the fund at net asset value. The fund, Putnam Retail Management or Putnam Investor Services may modify or cease offering these plans at any time.

Systematic Withdrawal Plan (“SWP”). An investor who owns or buys shares of the fund valued at $5,000 or more at the current public offering price may open a SWP plan and have a designated sum of money ($50 or more) paid monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or annually to the investor or another person. (Payments from the fund can be combined with payments from other Putnam funds into a single check through a designated payment plan.) Shares are deposited in a plan account, and all distributions are reinvested in additional shares of the fund at net asset value (except where the plan is utilized in connection with a charitable remainder trust). Shares in a plan account are then redeemed at net asset value to make each withdrawal payment. Payment will be made to any person the investor designates; however, if shares are registered in the name of a trustee or other fiduciary, payment will be made only to the fiduciary, except in the case of a profit-sharing or pension plan where payment will be made to a designee. As withdrawal payments may include a return of principal, they cannot be considered a guaranteed annuity or actual yield of income to the investor. The redemption of shares in connection with a plan generally will result in a gain or loss for tax purposes. Some or all of the

1-26-06

losses realized upon redemption may be disallowed pursuant to the so-called wash sale rules if shares of the same fund from which shares were redeemed are purchased (including through the reinvestment of fund distributions) within a period beginning 30 days before, and ending 30 days after, such redemption. In such a case, the basis of the replacement shares will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Continued withdrawals in excess of income will reduce and possibly exhaust invested principal, especially in the event of a market decline. The maintenance of a plan concurrently with purchases of additional shares of the fund would be disadvantageous to the investor because of the sales charge payable on such purchases. For this reason, the minimum investment accepted while a plan is in effect is $1,000, and an investor may not maintain a plan for the accumulation of shares of the fund (other than through reinvestment of distributions) and a plan at the same time. The cost of administering these plans for the benefit of those shareholders participating in them is borne by the fund as an expense of all shareholders. The fund, Putnam Retail Management or Putnam Investor Services may terminate or change the terms of the plan at any time. A plan will be terminated if communications mailed to the shareholder are returned as undeliverable.

Investors should consider carefully with their own financial advisers whether the plan and the specified amounts to be withdrawn are appropriate in their circumstances. The fund and Putnam Investor Services make no recommendations or representations in this regard.

Tax-favored plans. (Not offered by funds investing primarily in tax-exempt securities.) Investors may purchase shares of the fund through the following Tax Qualified Retirement Plans, available to qualified individuals or organizations:

Standard and variable profit-sharing (including 401(k)) and money purchase pension plans; and Individual Retirement Account Plans (IRAs), including simple IRAs, Roth IRAs, SEP IRAs; and Coverdell Education savings plans.

Forms and further information on these Plans are available from investment dealers or from Putnam Retail Management. In addition, specialized professional plan administration services are available on an optional basis; contact Putnam Investor Services at 1-866-207-7261.

Consultation with a competent financial and tax adviser regarding these Plans and consideration of the suitability of fund shares as an investment under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, or otherwise, is recommended.

Automatic Rebalancing Arrangements. Putnam Retail Management or Putnam Investor Services may enter into arrangements with certain dealers which provide for automatic periodic rebalancing of shareholders’ accounts in Putnam funds. For more information about these arrangements, please contact Putnam Retail Management or Putnam Investor Services.

SIGNATURE GUARANTEES

Requests to redeem shares having a net asset value of $100,000 or more, or to transfer shares or make redemption proceeds payable to anyone other than the registered account owners, must be signed by all registered owners or their legal representatives and must be guaranteed by a bank, broker/dealer, municipal securities dealer or broker, credit union, national securities exchange, registered securities association, clearing agency, savings association or trust company, provided such institution is authorized and acceptable under and conforms with Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company’s signature guarantee procedures. A copy of such procedures is available upon request. In certain situations, for example, if you want your redemption proceeds sent to an address other than your address as it appears on Putnam’s records, you may also need to provide a signature guarantee. Putnam Investor Services usually requires additional documentation for the sale of shares by a corporation, partnership, agent or fiduciary, or a surviving joint owner. Contact Putnam Investor Services for more information on Putnam’s signature guarantee and documentation requirements.

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SUSPENSION OF REDEMPTIONS

The fund may not suspend shareholders’ right of redemption, or postpone payment for more than seven days, unless the Exchange is closed for other than customary weekends or holidays, or if permitted by the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission during periods when trading on the Exchange is restricted or during any emergency which makes it impracticable for the fund to dispose of its securities or to determine fairly the value of its net assets, or during any other period permitted by order of the Commission for protection of investors.

SHAREHOLDER LIABILITY

Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the fund. However, the Agreement and Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the fund and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by the fund or the Trustees. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of fund property for all loss and expense of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the fund. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the fund would be unable to meet its obligations. The likelihood of such circumstances is remote.

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO INFORMATION

The Trustees of the Putnam funds have adopted policies with respect to the disclosure of the fund’s portfolio holdings by the fund, Putnam Management, or their affiliates. These policies provide that information about the fund’s portfolio generally may not be released to any party prior to (i) the posting of such information on the Putnam Investments website, (ii) the filing of the information with the SEC in a required filing, or (iii) the dissemination of such information to all shareholders simultaneously. Certain limited exceptions pursuant to the fund’s policies are described below. The Trustees will periodically receive reports from the fund’s Chief Compliance Officer regarding the operation of these policies and procedures, including any arrangements to make non-public disclosures of the fund’s portfolio information to third parties. Putnam Management and its affiliates are not permitted to receive compensation or other consideration in connection with disclosing information about the fund’s portfolio holdings to third parties.

Public Disclosures

The fund’s portfolio holdings are currently disclosed to the public through required filings with the SEC and on the Putnam Investments website. The fund files its portfolio holdings with the SEC for each fiscal quarter on Form N-CSR (with respect to each annual period and semi-annual period) and Form N-Q (with respect to the first and third quarters of the fund’s fiscal year). Shareholders may obtain the fund’s Form N-CSR and N-Q filings on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, the fund’s Form N-CSR and N-Q filings may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. You may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for information about the SEC’s website or the operation of the public reference room.

Putnam Management also currently makes the fund’s portfolio information publicly available on the Putnam Investments website, www.putnam.com, as disclosed in the following table:

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Information(1)	Frequency of Disclosure	Date of Web Posting

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Full Portfolio Holdings(2)	Quarterly	Last business day of the month
		following the end of each
		calendar quarter

Top 10 Portfolio Holdings and	Monthly	Approximately 15 days after the
other portfolio statistics		end of each month

(1) Putnam RetirementReady® Funds and Putnam mutual funds that are not currently offered to the general public (“incubated” funds) do not post portfolio holdings on the Web. For information about Putnam RetirementReady® Funds’ investments, which consist of six other Putnam funds, please see the funds’ prospectus or Forms N-CSR and N-Q.

(2) Money market funds do not currently make full quarterly holdings available on the Putnam Investments website.

The scope of the information relating to the fund’s portfolio that is made available on the website may change from time to time without notice. In addition, the posting of fund holdings may be delayed in some instances for technical reasons.

Putnam Management or its affiliates may include fund portfolio information that has already been made public through a Web posting or SEC filing in marketing literature and other communications to shareholders, advisors or other parties, provided that, in the case of information made public through the Web, the information is disclosed no earlier than the day after the date of posting to the website.

Other Disclosures

The fund’s policies require that non-public disclosures of information regarding the fund’s portfolio may be made only if there is a legitimate business purpose consistent with fiduciary duties to all shareholders of the fund. In addition, the party receiving the non-public information must sign a non-disclosure agreement unless otherwise approved by Putnam Management’s Compliance Department. Arrangements to make non-public disclosures of the fund’s portfolio information must be approved by the Chief Compliance Officer of the fund. The Chief Compliance Officer will report on an ongoing basis to a committee of the fund’s Board of Trustees consisting only of Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the fund or Putnam Management regarding any such arrangement that the fund may enter into with third parties other than service providers to the fund.

The fund periodically discloses its portfolio information on a confidential basis to various service providers that require such information in order to assist the fund with its day-to-day business affairs. In addition to Putnam Management and its affiliates, including PFTC and PRM, these service providers include the fund’s sub-custodians, which currently include Mellon Bank N.A., State Street Bank and Trust Company, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., UMB Bank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, and Citibank N.A., the fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, legal counsel, and financial printer (McMunn Associates, Inc.), and the fund’s proxy voting service, currently Investor Responsibility Research Center, Inc. These service providers are required to keep such information confidential, and are prohibited from trading based on the information or otherwise using the information except as necessary in providing services to the fund.

The fund may also periodically provide non-public information about its portfolio holdings to rating and ranking organizations, such as Lipper Inc. and Morningstar Inc., in connection with those firms’ research on and classification of the fund and in order to gather information about how the fund’s attributes (such as volatility, turnover, and expenses) compare with those of peer funds. Any such firm would be required to keep the fund’s portfolio information confidential and would be prohibited from trading based on the information or otherwise using the information except as necessary in providing services to the fund.

PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES

The Trustees of the Putnam funds have established proxy voting guidelines and procedures that govern the voting of proxies for the securities held in the funds’ portfolios. The proxy voting guidelines summarize the funds’ positions on various issues of concern to investors, and provide direction to the proxy voting service used by the funds as to how fund portfolio securities should be voted on proposals dealing with particular

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issues. The proxy voting procedures explain the role of the Trustees, Putnam Management, the proxy voting service and the funds’ proxy coordinator in the proxy voting process, describe the procedures for referring matters involving investment considerations to the investment personnel of Putnam Management and describe the procedures for handling potential conflicts of interest. The Putnam funds’ proxy voting guidelines and procedures are included in this SAI as Appendix A. Information regarding how the funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30, 2005 is available on the Putnam Individual Investor website, www.putnam.com/individual, and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. If you have questions about finding forms on the SEC’s website, you may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. You may also obtain the Putnam funds’ proxy voting guidelines and procedures by calling Putnam’s Shareholder Services at 1-800-225-1581.

SECURITIES RATINGS

The ratings of securities in which the fund may invest will be measured at the time of purchase and, to the extent a security is assigned a different rating by one or more of the various rating agencies, Putnam Management may use the highest rating assigned by any agency. Putnam Management will not necessarily sell an investment if its rating is reduced. The following rating services describe rated securities as follows:

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.

Bonds

Aaa -- Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edged.” Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.

Aa -- Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risk appear somewhat larger than the Aaa securities.

A -- Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper-medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.

Baa -- Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations, (i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured). Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.

Ba -- Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well-assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate, and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.

B -- Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.

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Caa -- Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.

Ca -- Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.

C -- Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.

Notes

MIG 1/VMIG 1 -- This designation denotes best quality. There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

MIG 2/VMIG 2 -- This designation denotes high quality. Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group.

Commercial paper

Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions) have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. Prime-1 repayment ability will often be evidenced by the following characteristics:

--	Leading market positions in well established industries.
--	High rates of return on funds employed.
--	Conservative capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection.
--	Broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation.
--	Well established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity.

Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, may be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.

Standard & Poor’s

Bonds

AAA -- An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

AA -- An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only in small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

A -- An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

BBB -- An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

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Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

BB -- An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

B -- An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligations. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

CCC -- An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

CC -- An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

C -- The C rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, or similar action has been taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued.

D -- An obligation rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition, or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

Notes

SP-1 -- Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics are given a plus (+) designation.

SP-2 -- Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest.

SP-3 -- Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

Commercial paper

A-1 -- This highest category indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation.

A-2 -- Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated ‘A-1’.

A-3 -- Issues carrying this designation have adequate capacity for timely payment. They are, however, more vulnerable to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.

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Duff & Phelps Corporation

Long-Term Debt

AAA -- Highest credit quality. The risk factors are negligible, being only slightly more than for risk-free U.S. Treasury debt.

AA+, AA, AA- -- High credit quality. Protection factors are strong. Risk is modest but may vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.

A+, A, A- -- Protection factors are average but adequate. However, risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of economic stress.

BBB+, BBB, BBB- -- Below-average protection factors but still considered sufficient for prudent investment. Considerable variability in risk during economic cycles.

BB+, BB, BB- -- Below investment grade but deemed likely to meet obligations when due. Present or prospective financial protection factors fluctuate according to industry conditions or company fortunes. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within this category.

B+, B, B- -- Below investment grade and possessing risk that obligations will not be met when due. Financial protection factors will fluctuate widely according to economic cycles, industry conditions and/or company fortunes. Potential exists for frequent changes in the rating within this category or into a higher or lower rating grade.

CCC -- Well below investment-grade securities. Considerable uncertainty exists as to timely payment of principal, interest or preferred dividends. Protection factors are narrow and risk can be substantial with unfavorable economic/industry conditions, and/or with unfavorable company developments.

DD -- Defaulted debt obligations. Issuer failed to meet scheduled principal and/or interest payments.

Fitch Investors Service, Inc.

AAA -- Bonds considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality. The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.

AA -- Bonds considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA.

A -- Bonds considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.

BBB -- Bonds considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are more likely to have adverse impact on these bonds, and therefore impair timely payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below investment grade is higher than for bonds with higher ratings.

BB -- Bonds considered to be speculative. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes. However, business and financial alternatives can be identified which could assist the obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.

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B -- Bonds are considered highly speculative. Bonds in this class are lightly protected as to the obligor’s ability to pay interest over the life of the issue and repay principal when due.

CCC -- Bonds have certain characteristics which, with passing of time, could lead to the possibility of default on either principal or interest payments.

CC -- Bonds are minimally protected. Default in payment of interest and/or principal seems probable.

C -- Bonds are in actual or imminent default in payment of interest or principal.

DDD -- Bonds are in default and in arrears in interest and/or principal payments. Such bonds are extremely speculative and should be valued only on the basis of their value in liquidation or reorganization of the obligor.

DEFINITIONS

“Putnam Management”	--	Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the fund’s
		investment manager.

“Putnam Retail Management”	--	Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, the
		fund’s principal underwriter.

“Putnam Fiduciary Trust	--	Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company,
Company”		the fund’s custodian.

“Putnam Investor Services”	--	Putnam Investor Services, a division of Putnam
		Fiduciary Trust Company, the fund’s investor
		servicing agent.

“Putnam Investments”	--	The name under which Putnam LLC, the parent
		company of Putnam Management and its affiliates,
		generally conducts business.

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Appendix A

Proxy voting guidelines of the Putnam funds

The proxy voting guidelines below summarize the funds’ positions on various issues of concern to investors, and give a general indication of how fund portfolio securities will be voted on proposals dealing with particular issues. The funds’ proxy voting service is instructed to vote all proxies relating to fund portfolio securities in accordance with these guidelines, except as otherwise instructed by the Proxy Coordinator, a member of the Office of the Trustees who is appointed to assist in the coordination and voting of the funds’ proxies.

The proxy voting guidelines are just that – guidelines. The guidelines are not exhaustive and do not include all potential voting issues. Because proxy issues and the circumstances of individual companies are so varied, there may be instances when the funds may not vote in strict adherence to these guidelines. For example, the proxy voting service is expected to bring to the Proxy Coordinator’s attention proxy questions that are company-specific and of a non-routine nature and that, even if covered by the guidelines, may be more appropriately handled on a case-by-case basis.

Similarly, Putnam Management’s investment professionals, as part of their ongoing review and analysis of all fund portfolio holdings, are responsible for monitoring significant corporate developments, including proxy proposals submitted to shareholders, and notifying the Proxy Coordinator of circumstances where the interests of fund shareholders may warrant a vote contrary to these guidelines. In such instances, the investment professionals will submit a written recommendation to the Proxy Coordinator and the person or persons designated by Putnam Management’s Legal and Compliance Department to assist in processing referral items pursuant to the funds’ “Proxy Voting Procedures.” The Proxy Coordinator, in consultation with the funds’ Senior Vice President, Executive Vice President, and/or the Chair of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee, as appropriate, will determine how the funds’ proxies will be voted. When indicated, the Chair of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee may consult with other members of the Committee or the full Board of Trustees.

The following guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part I deals with proposals that have been put forth by management and approved and recommended by a company’s board of directors. Part II deals with proposals submitted by shareholders for inclusion in proxy statements. Part III addresses unique considerations pertaining to non-U.S. issuers.

The Putnam funds will disclose their proxy votes in accordance with the timetable established by SEC rules (i.e., not later than August 31 of each year for the most recent 12-month period ended June 30).

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I. BOARD-APPROVED PROPOSALS

The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve proposals made by a company itself (sometimes referred to as “management proposals”), which have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate governance practices currently being implemented in public companies and of the funds’ intent to hold corporate boards accountable for their actions in promoting shareholder interests, the funds’ proxies generally will be voted for the decisions reached by majority independent boards of directors, except as otherwise indicated in these guidelines. Accordingly, the funds’ proxies will be voted for board-approved proposals, except as follows:

Matters relating to the Board of Directors

Uncontested Election of Directors

The funds’ proxies will be voted for the election of a company’s nominees for the board of directors, except as follows:

* The funds will withhold votes for the entire board of directors if

* the board does not have a majority of independent directors,

* the board has not established independent nominating, audit, and compensation committees,

* the board has more than 19 members or fewer than five members, absent special circumstances,

* the board has not acted to implement a policy requested in a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of the shares of the company cast at its previous two annual meetings, or

* the board has adopted or renewed a shareholder rights plan (commonly referred to as a “poison pill”) without shareholder approval during the current or prior calendar year.

* The funds will on a case-by-case basis withhold votes from the entire board of directors where the board has approved compensation arrangements for one or more company executives that the funds determine are unreasonably excessive relative to the company’s performance.

* The funds will withhold votes for any nominee for director who:

* is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation from the company other than for service as a director (e.g., investment banking, consulting, legal, or financial advisory fees),

* attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for the absences (e.g., illness, personal emergency, etc.),

* as a director of a public company (Company A), is employed as a senior executive of another public company (Company B) if a director of Company B serves as a senior executive of Company A (commonly referred to as an “interlocking directorate”), or

* serves on more than five unaffiliated public company boards (for the purpose of this guideline, boards of affiliated registered investment companies will count as one board).

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Commentary:

Board independence: Unless otherwise indicated, for the purposes of determining whether a board has a majority of independent directors and independent nominating, audit, and compensation committees, an “independent director” is a director who (1) meets all requirements to serve as an independent director of a company under the final NYSE Corporate Governance Rules (e.g., no material business relationships with the company and no present or recent employment relationship with the company (including employment of an immediate family member as an executive officer)), and (2) has not accepted directly or indirectly any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the company other than in his or her capacity as a member of the board of directors or any board committee. The funds’ Trustees believe that the receipt of any amount of compensation for services other than service as a director raises significant independence issues.

Board size: The funds’ Trustees believe that the size of the board of directors can have a direct impact on the ability of the board to govern effectively. Boards that have too many members can be unwieldy and ultimately inhibit their ability to oversee management performance. Boards that have too few members can stifle innovation and lead to excessive influence by management.

Time commitment: Being a director of a company requires a significant time commitment to adequately prepare for and attend the company’s board and committee meetings. Directors must be able to commit the time and attention necessary to perform their fiduciary duties in proper fashion, particularly in times of crisis. The funds’ Trustees are concerned about over-committed directors. In some cases, directors may serve on too many boards to make a meaningful contribution. This may be particularly true for senior executives of public companies (or other directors with substantially full-time employment) who serve on more than a few outside boards. The funds may withhold votes from such directors on a case-by-case basis where it appears that they may be unable to discharge their duties properly because of excessive commitments.

Interlocking directorships: The funds’ Trustees believe that interlocking directorships are inconsistent with the degree of independence required for outside directors of public companies.

Corporate governance practices: Board independence depends not only on its members’ individual relationships, but also on the board’s overall attitude toward management. Independent boards are committed to good corporate governance practices and, by providing objective independent judgment, enhancing shareholder value. The funds may withhold votes on a case-by-case basis from some or all directors who, through their lack of independence, have failed to observe good corporate governance practices or, through specific corporate action, have demonstrated a disregard for the interest of shareholders. Such instances may include cases where a board of directors has approved compensation arrangements for one or more members of management that, in the judgment of the funds’ Trustees, are excessive by reasonable corporate standards relative to the company’s record of performance.

Contested Elections of Directors

* The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.

Classified Boards

* The funds will vote against proposals to classify a board, absent special circumstances indicating that shareholder interests would be better served by this structure.

Commentary: Under a typical classified board structure, the directors are divided into three classes, with each class serving a three-year term. The classified board structure results in directors serving staggered terms, with usually only a third of the directors up for re-election at any given annual meeting. The funds’ Trustees generally believe that it is appropriate for directors to stand for election each year, but recognize that, in special circumstances, shareholder interests may be better served under a classified board structure.

Other Board-Related Proposals

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The funds will generally vote for board-approved proposals that have been approved by a majority independent board, and on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals where the board fails to meet the guidelines’ basic independence standards (i.e., majority of independent directors and independent nominating, audit, and compensation committees).

Executive Compensation

The funds generally favor compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance. The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:

* Except where the funds are otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, the funds will vote for stock option and restricted stock plans that will result in an average annual dilution of 1.67% or less (based on the disclosed term of the plan and including all equity-based plans).

* The funds will vote against stock option and restricted stock plans that will result in an average annual dilution of greater than 1.67% (based on the disclosed term of the plan and including all equity-based plans).

* The funds will vote against any stock option or restricted stock plan where the company’s actual grants of stock options and restricted stock under all equity-based compensation plans during the prior three (3) fiscal years have resulted in an average annual dilution of greater than 1.67% .

* The funds will vote against stock option plans that permit the replacing or repricing of underwater options (and against any proposal to authorize such replacement or repricing of underwater options).

* The funds will vote against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.

* Except where the funds are otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, the funds will vote for an employee stock purchase plan that has the following features: (1) the shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 85% of their market value; (2) the offering period under the plan is 27 months or less; and (3) dilution is 10% or less.

Commentary: Companies should have compensation programs that are reasonable and that align shareholder and management interests over the longer term. Further, disclosure of compensation programs should provide absolute transparency to shareholders regarding the sources and amounts of, and the factors influencing, executive compensation. Appropriately designed equity-based compensation plans can be an effective way to align the interests of long-term shareholders with the interests of management. The funds may vote against executive compensation proposals on a case-by-case basis where compensation is excessive by reasonable corporate standards, or where a company fails to provide transparent disclosure of executive compensation. In voting on a proposal relating to executive compensation, the funds will consider whether the proposal has been approved by an independent compensation committee of the board.

Capitalization

Many proxy proposals involve changes in a company’s capitalization, including the authorization of additional stock, the issuance of stock, the repurchase of outstanding stock, or the approval of a stock split. The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flow, financing needs, and market conditions that are unique to the circumstances of the company. As a result, the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization, except that where the funds are not otherwise withholding votes from the entire board of directors:

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* The funds will vote for proposals relating to the authorization and issuance of additional common stock (except where such proposals relate to a specific transaction).

* The funds will vote for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits).

* The funds will vote for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs.

Commentary: A company may decide to authorize additional shares of common stock for reasons relating to executive compensation or for routine business purposes. For the most part, these decisions are best left to the board of directors and senior management. The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis, however, on other proposals to change a company’s capitalization, including the authorization of common stock with special voting rights, the authorization or issuance of common stock in connection with a specific transaction (e.g., an acquisition, merger or reorganization), or the authorization or issuance of preferred stock. Actions such as these involve a number of considerations that may affect a shareholder’s investment and that warrant a case-by-case determination.

Acquisitions, Mergers, Reincorporations, Reorganizations and Other Transactions

Shareholders may be confronted with a number of different types of transactions, including acquisitions, mergers, reorganizations involving business combinations, liquidations, and the sale of all or substantially all of a company’s assets, which may require their consent. Voting on such proposals involves considerations unique to each transaction. As a result, the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals to effect these types of transactions, except as follows:

* The funds will vote for mergers and reorganizations involving business combinations designed solely to reincorporate a company in Delaware.

Commentary: A company may reincorporate into another state through a merger or reorganization by setting up a “shell” company in a different state and then merging the company into the new company. While reincorporation into states with extensive and established corporate laws – notably Delaware – provides companies and shareholders with a more well-defined legal framework, shareholders must carefully consider the reasons for a reincorporation into another jurisdiction, including especially an offshore jurisdiction.

Anti-Takeover Measures

Some proxy proposals involve efforts by management to make it more difficult for an outside party to take control of the company without the approval of the company’s board of directors. These include the adoption of a shareholder rights plan, requiring supermajority voting on particular issues, the adoption of fair price provisions, the issuance of blank check preferred stock, and the creation of a separate class of stock with disparate voting rights. Such proposals may adversely affect shareholder rights, lead to management entrenchment, or create conflicts of interest. As a result, the funds will vote against board-approved proposals to adopt such anti-takeover measures, except as follows:

* The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder rights plans; and

* The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.

Commentary: The funds’ Trustees recognize that poison pills and fair price provisions may enhance shareholder value under certain circumstances. As a result, the funds will consider proposals to approve such matters on a case-by-case basis.

Other Business Matters

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Many proxies involve approval of routine business matters, such as changing a company’s name, ratifying the appointment of auditors, and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting. For the most part, these routine matters do not materially affect shareholder interests and are best left to the board of directors and senior management of the company. The funds will vote for board-approved proposals approving such matters, except as follows:

* The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws (except for charter amendments necessary or to effect stock splits to change a company’s name or to authorize additional shares of common stock).

* The funds will vote against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.

* The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on other business matters where the funds are otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

Commentary: Charter and bylaw amendments and the transaction of other unidentified, substantive business at a shareholder meeting may directly affect shareholder rights and have a significant impact on shareholder value. As a result, the funds do not view such items as routine business matters. Putnam Management’s investment professionals and the funds’ proxy voting service may also bring to the Proxy Coordinator’s attention company-specific items that they believe to be non-routine and warranting special consideration. Under these circumstances, the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis.

II. SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS

SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy statement. These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of the company’s corporate governance structure or to change some aspect of its business operations. The funds generally will vote in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:

* The funds will vote for shareholder proposals to declassify a board, absent special circumstances which would indicate that shareholder interests are better served by a classified board structure.

* The funds will vote for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans.

* The funds will vote for shareholder proposals that are consistent with the funds’ proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.

* The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the funds are otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

Commentary: In light of the substantial reforms in corporate governance that are currently underway, the funds’ Trustees believe that effective corporate reforms should be promoted by holding boards of directors –and in particular their independent directors – accountable for their actions, rather than imposing additional legal restrictions on board governance through piecemeal proposals. Generally speaking, shareholder proposals relating to business operations are often motivated primarily by political or social concerns, rather than the interests of shareholders as investors in an economic enterprise. As stated above, the funds’ Trustees believe that boards of directors and management are responsible for ensuring that their businesses are operating in accordance with high legal and ethical standards and should be held accountable for resulting corporate behavior. Accordingly, the funds will generally support the recommendations of boards that meet the basic independence and governance standards established in these guidelines. Where boards fail to meet these standards, the funds will generally evaluate shareholder proposals on a case-by-case basis.

III. VOTING SHARES OF NON-U.S. ISSUERS

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Many of the Putnam funds invest on a global basis, and, as a result, they may be required to vote shares held in non-U.S. issuers – i.e., issuers that are incorporated under the laws of foreign jurisdictions and that are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market. Because non-U.S. issuers are incorporated under the laws of countries and jurisdictions outside the U.S., protection for shareholders may vary significantly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Laws governing non-U.S. issuers may, in some cases, provide substantially less protection for shareholders. As a result, the foregoing guidelines, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance and disclosure framework, may not be appropriate under some circumstances for non-U.S. issuers.

In many non-U.S. markets, shareholders who vote proxies of a non-U.S. issuer are not able to trade in that company’s stock on or around the shareholder meeting date. This practice is known as “share blocking.” In countries where share blocking is practiced, the funds will vote proxies only with direction from Putnam Management’s investment professionals.

In addition, some non-U.S. markets require that a company’s shares be re-registered out of the name of the local custodian or nominee into the name of the shareholder for the meeting. This practice is known as “share re-registration.” As a result, shareholders, including the funds, are not able to trade in that company’s stock until the shares are re-registered back in the name of the local custodian or nominee. In countries where share re-registration is practiced, the funds will generally not vote proxies.

The funds will vote proxies of non-U.S. issuers in accordance with the foregoing guidelines where applicable, except as follows:

Uncontested Election of Directors

Japan

* For companies that have established a U.S.-style corporate structure, the funds will withhold votes for the entire board of directors if

* the board does not have a majority of outside directors,

* the board has not established nominating and compensation committees composed of a majority of outside directors, or

* the board has not established an audit committee composed of a majority of independent directors.

* The funds will withhold votes for the appointment of members of a company’s board of statutory auditors if a majority of the members of the board of statutory auditors is not independent.

Commentary:

Board structure: Recent amendments to the Japanese Commercial Code give companies the option to adopt a U.S.-style corporate structure (i.e., a board of directors and audit, nominating, and compensation committees). The funds will vote for proposals to amend a company’s articles of incorporation to adopt the U.S.-style corporate structure.

Definition of outside director and independent director: Corporate governance principles in Japan focus on the distinction between outside directors and independent directors. Under these principles, an outside director is a director who is not and has never been a director, executive, or employee of the company or its parent company, subsidiaries or affiliates. An outside director is “independent” if that person can make decisions completely independent from the managers of the company, its parent, subsidiaries, or affiliates and does not

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have a material relationship with the company (i.e., major client, trading partner, or other business relationship; familial relationship with current director or executive; etc.). The guidelines have incorporated these definitions in applying the board independence standards above.

Korea

* The funds will withhold votes for the entire board of directors if

* the board does not have a majority of outside directors,

* the board has not established a nominating committee composed of at least a majority of outside directors, or

* the board has not established an audit committee composed of at least three members and in which at least two-thirds of its members are outside directors.

Commentary: For purposes of these guideline, an “outside director” is a director that is independent from the management or controlling shareholders of the company, and holds no interests that might impair performing his or her duties impartially from the company, management or controlling shareholder. In determining whether a director is an outside director, the funds will also apply the standards included in Article 415-2(2) of the Korean Commercial Code (i.e., no employment relationship with the company for a period of two years before serving on the committee, no director or employment relationship with the company’s largest shareholder, etc.) and may consider other business relationships that would affect the independence of an outside director.

United Kingdom

* The funds will withhold votes for the entire board of directors if

* the board does not have at least a majority of independent non-executive directors,

* the board has not established nomination committees composed of a majority of independent non-executive directors, or

* the board has not established compensation and audit committees composed of (1) at least three directors (in the case of smaller companies, two directors) and (2) solely of independent non-executive directors.

* The funds will withhold votes for any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation from the company other than for service as a director (e.g., investment banking, consulting, legal, or financial advisory fees).

Commentary:

Application of guidelines: Although the U.K.’s Combined Code on Corporate Governance (“Combined Code”) has adopted the “comply and explain” approach to corporate governance, the funds’ Trustees believe that the guidelines discussed above with respect to board independence standards are integral to the protection of investors in U.K. companies. As a result, these guidelines will be applied in a prescriptive manner.

Definition of independence: For the purposes of these guidelines, a non-executive director shall be considered independent if the director meets the independence standards in section A.3.1 of the Combined Code (i.e., no material business or employment relationships with the company, no remuneration from the company for non-board services, no close family ties with senior employees or directors of the company, etc.),

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except that the funds do not view service on the board for more than nine years as affecting a director’s independence.

Smaller companies: A smaller company is one that is below the FTSE 350 throughout the year immediately prior to the reporting year.

Canada

In January 2004, Canadian securities regulators issued proposed policies that would impose new corporate governance requirements on Canadian public companies. The recommended practices contained in these new corporate governance requirements mirror corporate governance reforms that have been adopted by the NYSE and other U.S. national securities exchanges and stock markets. As a result, the funds will vote on matters relating to the board of directors of Canadian issuers in accordance with the guidelines applicable to U.S. issuers.

Commentary: Like the U.K.’s Combined Code, the proposed policies on corporate governance issued by Canadian securities regulators embody the “comply and explain” approach to corporate governance. Because the funds’ Trustees believe that the board independence standards contained in the proxy voting guidelines are integral to the protection of investors in Canadian companies, these standards will be applied in a prescriptive manner.

Other Matters

* The funds will vote for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of a company’s directors to be independent of management.

* The funds will vote for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of board nominating, audit, and compensation committees.

* The funds will vote for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges, and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated.

* The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to (1) the issuance of common stock in excess of 20% of the company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders do not have preemptive rights, or (2) the issuance of common stock in excess of 100% of the company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders have preemptive rights.

As adopted ^January 13, 2006

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Proxy voting procedures of the Putnam funds

The proxy voting procedures below explain the role of the funds’ Trustees, the proxy voting service and the Proxy Coordinator, as well as how the process will work when a proxy question needs to be handled on a case-by-case basis, or when there may be a conflict of interest.

The role of the funds’ Trustees

The Trustees of the Putnam funds exercise control of the voting of proxies through their Board Policy and Nominating Committee, which is composed entirely of independent Trustees. The Board Policy and Nominating Committee oversees the proxy voting process and participates, as needed, in the resolution of issues that need to be handled on a case-by-case basis. The Committee annually reviews and recommends, for Trustee approval, guidelines governing the funds’ proxy votes, including how the funds vote on specific proposals and which matters are to be considered on a case-by-case basis. The Trustees are assisted in this process by their independent administrative staff (“Office of the Trustees”), independent legal counsel, and an independent proxy voting service. The Trustees also receive assistance from Putnam Investment Management, LLC (“Putnam Management”), the funds’ investment advisor, on matters involving investment judgments. In all cases, the ultimate decision on voting proxies rests with the Trustees, acting as fiduciaries on behalf of the shareholders of the funds.

The role of the proxy voting service

The funds have engaged an independent proxy voting service to assist in the voting of proxies. The proxy voting service is responsible for coordinating with the funds’ custodians to ensure that all proxy materials received by the custodians relating to the funds’ portfolio securities are processed in a timely fashion. To the extent applicable, the proxy voting service votes all proxies in accordance with the proxy voting guidelines established by the Trustees. The proxy voting service will refer proxy questions to the Proxy Coordinator (described below) for instructions under circumstances where: (1) the application of the proxy voting guidelines is unclear; (2) a particular proxy question is not covered by the guidelines; or (3) the guidelines call for specific instructions on a case-by-case basis. The proxy voting service is also requested to call to the Proxy Coordinator’s attention specific proxy questions that, while governed by a guideline, appear to involve unusual or controversial issues. The funds also utilize research services relating to proxy questions provided by the proxy voting service and by other firms.

The role of the Proxy Coordinator

Each year, a member of the Office of the Trustees is appointed Proxy Coordinator to assist in the coordination and voting of the funds’ proxies. The Proxy Coordinator will deal directly with the proxy voting service and, in the case of proxy questions referred by the proxy voting service, will solicit voting recommendations and instructions from the Office of the Trustees, the Chair of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee, and Putnam Management’s investment professionals, as appropriate. The Proxy Coordinator is responsible for ensuring that these questions and referrals are responded to in a timely fashion and for transmitting appropriate voting instructions to the proxy voting service.

Voting procedures for referral items

As discussed above, the proxy voting service will refer proxy questions to the Proxy Coordinator under certain circumstances. When the application of the proxy voting guidelines is unclear or a particular proxy question is not covered by the guidelines (and does not involve investment considerations), the Proxy Coordinator will assist in interpreting the guidelines and, as appropriate, consult with one or more senior staff members of the Office of the Trustees and the Chair of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee on how the funds’ shares will be voted.

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For proxy questions that require a case-by-case analysis pursuant to the guidelines or that are not covered by the guidelines but involve investment considerations, the Proxy Coordinator will refer such questions, through a written request, to Putnam Management’s investment professionals for a voting recommendation. Such referrals will be made in cooperation with the person or persons designated by Putnam Management’s Legal and Compliance Department to assist in processing such referral items. In connection with each such referral item, the Legal and Compliance Department will conduct a conflicts of interest review, as described below under “Conflicts of Interest,” and provide a conflicts of interest report (the “Conflicts Report”) to the Proxy Coordinator describing the results of such review. After receiving a referral item from the Proxy Coordinator, Putnam Management’s investment professionals will provide a written recommendation to the Proxy Coordinator and the person or persons designated by the Legal and Compliance Department to assist in processing referral items. Such recommendation will set forth (1) how the proxies should be voted; (2) the basis and rationale for such recommendation; and (3) any contacts the investment professionals have had with respect to the referral item with non-investment personnel of Putnam Management or with outside parties (except for routine communications from proxy solicitors). The Proxy Coordinator will then review the investment professionals’ recommendation and the Conflicts Report with one or more senior staff members of the Office of the Trustees in determining how to vote the funds’ proxies. The Proxy Coordinator will maintain a record of all proxy questions that have been referred to Putnam Management’s investment professionals, the voting recommendation, and the Conflicts Report.

In some situations, the Proxy Coordinator and/or one or more senior staff members of the Office of the Trustees may determine that a particular proxy question raises policy issues requiring consultation with the Chair of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee, who, in turn, may decide to bring the particular proxy question to the Committee or the full Board of Trustees for consideration.

Conflicts of interest

Occasions may arise where a person or organization involved in the proxy voting process may have a conflict of interest. A conflict of interest may exist, for example, if Putnam Management has a business relationship with (or is actively soliciting business from) either the company soliciting the proxy or a third party that has a material interest in the outcome of a proxy vote or that is actively lobbying for a particular outcome of a proxy vote. Any individual with knowledge of a personal conflict of interest (e.g., familial relationship with company management) relating to a particular referral item shall disclose that conflict to the Proxy Coordinator and the Legal and Compliance Department and otherwise remove himself or herself from the proxy voting process. The Legal and Compliance Department will review each item referred to Putnam Management’s investment professionals to determine if a conflict of interest exists and will provide the Proxy Coordinator with a Conflicts Report for each referral item that (1) describes any conflict of interest; (2) discusses the procedures used to address such conflict of interest; and (3) discloses any contacts from parties outside Putnam Management (other than routine communications from proxy solicitors) with respect to the referral item not otherwise reported in an investment professional’s recommendation. The Conflicts Report will also include written confirmation that any recommendation from an investment professional provided under circumstances where a conflict of interest exists was made solely on the investment merits and without regard to any other consideration.

As adopted March 11, 2005

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PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
(the "Money Market Fund")

PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND
(the "Tax Exempt Money Market Fund")

FORM N-1A
PART C

OTHER INFORMATION

Item ^23. Exhibits

(a)(1) Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended and restated on July 7, 1994 for Putnam Money Market Fund -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(a)(2) Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended July 13, 1992, for Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(b) By-Laws, as amended through July 21, 2000 – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement and Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(c)(1) Portions of Agreement and Declaration of Trust Relating to Shareholders' Rights for Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement and Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(c)(2) Portions of By-Laws Relating to Shareholders' Rights for Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund --Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement and Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(d)(1) Form of Management Contract dated ^January 1, 2006 for Putnam Money Market Fund^

(d)(2) Management Contract dated January 20, 1997 for Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

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(e)(1) Distributor's Contract dated ^June 10, 2005 for Putnam Money Market Fund^

(e)(2) Distributor's Contract dated ^June 10, 2005 for Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund^

(e)(3) Form of Dealer Sales Contract for Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 26 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement and Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(e)(4) Form of Financial Institution Sales Contract for Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 26 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement and Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(f) Trustee Retirement Plan dated October 4, 1996, as amended July 21, 2000 -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement and Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(g) Custodian Agreement with Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company dated May 3, 1991, as amended June 1, 2001 – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement and Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(h) (1) Amended and Restated Investor Servicing Agreement dated ^January 1, 2005 with Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company for Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund^

(h)(2) Letter of Indemnity dated December 18, 2003 with Putnam Investment Management -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement and Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(h)(3) Liability Insurance Allocation Agreement -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement and Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(i)(1) Opinion of Ropes & Gray, including consent for Putnam Money Market Fund -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 23 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(i)(2) Opinion of Ropes & Gray, including consent for Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

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(j) ^Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm^

(k) Not applicable.

(l) Not applicable.

(m)(1) Class B Distribution Plan and Agreement for Putnam Money Market Fund -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(m)(2) Class C Distribution Plan and Agreement for Putnam Money Market Fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 30 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(m)(3) Class M Distribution Plan and Agreement for Putnam Money Market Fund -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(m)(4) Class T Distribution Plan and Agreement for Putnam Money Market Fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(m)(5) Class R Distribution Plan and Agreement for Putnam Money Market Fund – Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(m)(6) Distribution Plan and Agreement for Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(m)(7) Form of Dealer Service Agreement for Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund -- Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement and Post-Effective Amendment No. 12 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(m)(8) Form of Financial Institution Service Agreement for Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund --Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement and Post-Effective Amendment No. 12 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.^

(n) Rule 18f-3 Plan ^dated October, 2005

(p)(1) The Putnam Funds Code of Ethics dated November, 2004 --Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 to the Money Market Fund's Registration Statement and Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration Statement.

(p)(2) Putnam Investments Code of Ethics ^^dated December^, 2005

Item ^24. Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrants

None.

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Item ^25. Indemnification

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference from each Registrants’ initial Registration Statements on Form N-1A under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (File Nos. 811-02608 for the Money Market Fund and 811-05215 for the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund).

Items 26 and 27.

Item 26. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser

Except as set forth below, the directors and officers of the Registrant’s investment adviser and Putnam Investments Limited, sub-investment adviser to certain Putnam funds (the “Sub-Investment Adviser”), have been engaged during the past two fiscal years in no business, vocation or employment of a substantial nature other than as directors or officers of the investment adviser, Sub-Investment Adviser, or certain of the investment adviser’s corporate affiliates. Certain officers of the investment adviser serve as officers of some or all of the Putnam funds. The address of the investment adviser, its corporate affiliates other than the Sub-Investment Adviser, and the Putnam Funds is One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109. The address of the Sub-Investment Adviser is Cassini House, 57-59 St James’s Street, London, England, SW1A 1LD.

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Name		Non-Putnam business and other connections

Colette M. Bourne		Prior to December 2004, Analyst, 2100 Capital
Assistant Vice President, Putnam		Group, 28 State Street, Suite 3700, Boston, MA
Investment Management, LLC		02109

Robert T. Burns		Prior to August 2004, Senior Vice President,
Managing Director, Putnam Investment		Associate General Counsel and Secretary, MFS
Management, LLC		Investment Management, 500 Boylston Street,
		Boston, MA 02116

Zhikai Chen		Prior to May 2004, Equity Research Analyst,
Vice President, Putnam Investment		Citigroup Asset Management, 100 First
Management, LLC		Stamford Place, Stamford, CT 06902

John W. Coffey		Prior to April 2004, Managing Director,
Managing Director, Putnam Investment		Citigroup Asset Management, 399 Park Avenue,


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Management, LLC	New York, NY 10022

Emily F. Cooper	Prior to May 2004, Vice President, LNR
Vice President, Putnam Investment	Property Corporation, 1601 Washington Avenue,
Management, LLC	Suite 700, Miami Beach, FL 33139

John R.S. Cutler	Member, Burst Media, L.L.C., 10 New England
Vice President, Putnam Investment	Executive Park, Burlington, MA 01803
Management, LLC

Gian D. Fabbri	Partner, KF Style, LLC, 73 Charles St., Boston,
Assistant Vice President, Putnam	MA 02114
Investment Management, LLC

Robert E. Ginsberg	Prior to August 2004, Vice President, Delaware
Managing Director, Putnam Investment	Investments, 2005 Market Street, Philadelphia,
Management, LLC	PA 19103

Tracey Michelle Hall	Prior to February 2005, Senior Compliance and
Vice President, Putnam Investments Limited	Technical Manager, Citigroup Trustees
	Company Limited, Citigroup Centre, Canary
	Wharf, London E14 5LB, UK; Prior to
	November 2004, St. Dunstan's Charity, Office
	Manager, 12-14 Harcourt Street, London W1H
	4HD, UK; Prior to October 2004, Senior
	Auditor, RBS Group PLC, 1 Princes Street
	London, EC2R 8PA, UK; Prior to June 2004,
	Head of Fund Compliance and Domiciliary
	Services, State Street Bank Luxembourg S.A.,
	49 Avenue J. F. Kennedy, Luxembourg L-1855

Robert R. Leveille	Prior to June 2004, Partner, Bell, Boyd & Lloyd
Senior Vice President, Putnam Investment	LLC, 70 W. Madison St., Chicago, IL 60602
Management, LLC

Francis J. McNamara, III	Prior to April 2004, General Counsel, State
Senior Managing Director, Putnam	Street Research & Management Company, One
Investment Management, LLC	Financial Center, Boston, MA 02110

David Morgan	Prior to June 2004, Director, Equity Analyst,
Senior Vice President, Putnam Investment	Citigroup Asset Management. Citigroup Centre,
Management, LLC; Putnam Investments	Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London, E14
Limited	5LB, UK

Mark D. Pollard	Managing Partner, Jura Capital LLP, 23
Managing Director, Putnam Investment	Buckingham Gate, London, SW1E 6LB, UK
Management, LLC; Putnam Investments


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Limited

Michael J. Sager	Prior to March 2004, Vice President, Currency
Managing Director, Putnam Investment	Group, JPMorgan Fleming Asset Management,
Management, LLC	20 Finsbury Street, London, England EC2Y
	9AQ

Masroor Taale Siddiqui	Prior to February 2004, Managing Director,
Senior Vice President, Putnam Investment	Jefferies & Co., 520 Madison Avenue, New
Management, LLC; Putnam Investments	York, NY 10022
Limited

Nicholas J. Skrine	Prior to June 2005, Developer/Business Analyst,
Assistant Vice President, Putnam	Harbourvest Partners, LLC, One Financial
Investment Management, LLC	Center, 44^thFloor, Boston, MA 02111

Jeffrey M. Stought	Prior to March 2004, Vice President, Goldman
Vice President, Putnam Investment	Sachs International, 133 Fleet Street, London,
Management, LLC	England EC4A 2BB

Stephen J. Tate	Prior to August 2004, Associate, Ropes & Gray
Assistant Vice President, Putnam	LLP, One International Place, Boston, MA
Investment Management, LLC	02110

Jason A. Tucker	Prior to July 2004, Senior Litigation Associate,
Managing Director, Putnam Investment	Bingham McCutchen LLP, 150 Federal Street,
Management, LLC	Boston, MA 02110

Craig L. Weiner	Prior to December 2003, Assistant Trader, Coast
Assistant Vice President, Putnam	Asset Management, 1221 Bridgeway Boulevard,
Investment Management, LLC	Suite One, Sausalito, CA 94965


Item 27. Principal Underwriter

(a) Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership is the principal underwriter for each of the following investment companies, including the Registrant:

Putnam American Government Income Fund, Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Asset Allocation Funds, Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Capital Appreciation Fund, Putnam Classic Equity Fund, Putnam Convertible Income-Growth Trust, Putnam Discovery Growth Fund, Putnam Diversified Income Trust, Putnam Equity Income Fund, Putnam Europe Equity Fund, Putnam Florida Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Funds Trust, The George Putnam Fund of Boston, Putnam Global Equity Fund, Putnam Global Income Trust, Putnam Global Natural Resources Fund, The Putnam Fund for Growth and Income, Putnam Health Sciences Trust, Putnam High Yield Trust, Putnam High Yield Advantage Fund, Putnam Income Fund, Putnam Income Strategies Fund, Putnam International Equity Fund,

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Putnam Investment Funds, Putnam Investors Fund, Putnam Limited Duration Government Income Fund, Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Municipal Income Fund, Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam New Opportunities Fund, Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam OTC & Emerging Growth Fund, Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam RetirementReady Funds, Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund, Putnam Tax-Free Income Trust, Putnam Tax Smart Funds Trust, Putnam U.S. Government Income Trust, Putnam Utilities Growth and Income Fund, Putnam Variable Trust, Putnam Vista Fund, Putnam Voyager Fund.

(b) The directors and officers of the Registrant's principal underwriter are listed below. Except as noted below, none of the officers are officers of the Registrant.

The principal business address of each person is One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109:

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Name	Position and Office with the Underwriter
Aaron III, Jefferson F.	Senior Vice President
Ahearn, Paul D.	Assistant Vice President
Alessi, John J.	Assistant Vice President
Amisano, Paulette C.	Vice President
Antin, Elizabeth M.	Assistant Vice President
Azzarito, Nicholas	Vice President
Babcock III, Warren W.	Senior Vice President
Baker, Christopher H.	Vice President
Baker, Erin L.	Vice President
Balfour, Renee	Assistant Vice President
Barnett, William E.	Vice President
Barrett, Thomas	Senior Vice President
Bartlett-Armstrong, Laura Ann	Senior Vice President
Bartony, Paul A.	Senior Vice President
Bergeron, Christopher E.	Vice President
Beringer, Thomas C.	Senior Vice President
Borden, Richard S.	Vice President
Bosinger, Paul C.	Vice President
Bouchard, Keith R.	Senior Vice President
Bradford Jr., Linwood E.	Managing Director
Brennan, Sean M.	Assistant Vice President
Brown, Michael D.	Assistant Vice President
Buffington, Scott R.	Senior Vice President
Bumpus, James F.	Managing Director
Bunker, Christopher M.	Senior Vice President
Burns, Robert T.	Managing Director
Cabana, Susan D.	Senior Vice President
Call, Timothy W.	Senior Vice President
Callinan, Richard E.	Vice President
Campbell, Christopher F.	Assistant Vice President
Campbell, Sundance	Assistant Vice President
Caple, Daniel S.	Vice President
Card, Victoria R.	Vice President
Casey, David M.	Senior Vice President
Cass, William D.	Senior Vice President
Caswell, Kendra L.	Vice President
Chapman, Frederick	Vice President
Cinelli, Kathleen J.	Assistant Vice President

C-14

8/05

Clark, James F.	Vice President
Colman, Donald M.	Vice President
Condron, Brett P.	Senior Vice President
Coneeny, Mark L.	Managing Director
Connelly, Donald A.	Senior Vice President
Connolly, William T.	Senior Managing Director
Cooley, Jonathan A.	Vice President
Corbett, Dennis T.	Senior Vice President
Corvinus, F. Nicholas	Managing Director
Cosentino, Joseph D.	Vice President
Coveney, Anne M.	Senior Vice President
Covington, Ryan R.	Senior Vice President
Crean, Jeremy P.	Assistant Vice President
Cristo, Chad H.	Senior Vice President
Croft, Ariane D.	Assistant Vice President
Curtin, Brian	Assistant Vice President
Dabney, Richard W.	Senior Vice President
Dahill, Jessica E.	Vice President
Davidian, Raymond A.	Vice President
DeAngelis, Adam	Vice President
DeGregorio Jr., Richard A.	Assistant Vice President
Dempsey, Thomas F.	Vice President
DeNitto, James P.	Vice President
Dewey Jr., Paul S.	Senior Vice President
DiBuono, Jeffrey P.	Assistant Vice President
Donadio, Joyce M.	Senior Vice President
Drago, Daniele	Assistant Vice President
Economou, Stefan G.	Assistant Vice President
Eidelberg, Kathleen E.	Vice President
Elder, Michael D.	Managing Director
Emhof, Joseph R.	Senior Vice President
Erlandson, William J.	Vice President
Fanning, Virginia A.	Senior Vice President
Favaloro, Beth A.	Senior Vice President
Felan III, Catarino	Senior Vice President
Feldman, Susan H.	Senior Vice President
Fiedler, Stephen J.	Vice President
Fishman, Mitchell B.	Managing Director
Fleming, Robert A.	Assistant Vice President

C-15

8/05

Fogarty Jr., Vincent G.	Vice President
Foresyth, Charles W.	Vice President
Forrester, Gordon M.	Managing Director
Forziati, Christine M.	Assistant Vice President
Foster, Laura G.	Senior Vice President
Fraelick, Richard	Vice President
Fulginite, Greg Andrew	Vice President
Gale, Laura A.	Assistant Vice President
Garvin, Thomas D.	Vice President
Gaudette, Marjorie B.	Senior Vice President
Gebhard, Louis F.	Assistant Vice President
Gentile, Donald A.	Assistant Vice President
Gervais, Jeffrey C.	Assistant Vice President
Giessler, Todd C.	Vice President
Gipson, Zachary A.	Vice President
Gowdy, Robert E.	Senior Vice President
Greenwood, Julie M.	Vice President
Haines, James B.	Senior Vice President
Halloran, James E.	Senior Vice President
Halloran, Thomas W.	Managing Director
Hanlon, Andrew D.	Assistant Vice President
Hartigan, Craig W.	Senior Vice President
Hartigan, Maureen A.	Senior Vice President
Herold, Karen	Vice President
Hess Jr., William C.	Vice President
Holland, Jeffrey K.	Vice President
Holmes, Maureen A.	Senior Vice President
Horby, Gary C.	Senior Vice President
Hoyt, Paula J.	Senior Vice President
Hume, John P.	Vice President
Hyland, John P.	Vice President
Jacobs, Jerome J.	Managing Director
Jean, Ellen F.	Assistant Vice President
Jeans, Kathleen A.	Assistant Vice President
Jones, Thomas A.	Senior Vice President
Jordan, Stephen R.	Assistant Vice President
Kahn, Deborah H.	Senior Vice President
Kapinos, Peter J.	Senior Vice President
Kay, Karen R.	Senior Vice President

C-16

8/05

Keith, Pamela J.	Assistant Vice President
Kelley, Brian J.	Senior Vice President
Kelly, A. Siobhan	Senior Vice President
Kelly, David	Managing Director
Kennedy, Daniel J.	Vice President
Kersten, Charles N.	Senior Vice President
Kinsman, Anne M.	Senior Vice President
Komodromos, Costas G.	Senior Vice President
Kotsiras, Steven	Vice President
Kreutzberg, Howard H.	Managing Director
Kringdon, Joseph D.	Managing Director
Lacascia, Charles M.	Senior Vice President
Lacour, Jayme J.	Assistant Vice President
LaGreca, Jennifer J.	Assistant Vice President
Larson, John R.	Senior Vice President
Layn, Jeffrey W.	Senior Vice President
Lecce, Vincent L.	Vice President
Leesui, Ryan	Vice President
Leveille, Robert R.	Senior Vice President
Levy, Norman S.	Senior Vice President
Lieberman, Samuel L.	Senior Vice President
Link, Christopher H.	Senior Vice President
Litant, Lisa M.	Vice President
Lohmeier, Andrew	Vice President
Maglio, Nancy T.	Assistant Vice President
Maher, James M.	Assistant Vice President
Maher, Stephen B.	Vice President
Mahoney, Julie M.	Vice President
Malone, James	Vice President
Mansfield, Scott D.	Vice President
Martin, David M.	Vice President
Matkin, Jefferson P.	Vice President
Mattucci, John T.	Assistant Vice President
McCafferty, Karen A.	Senior Vice President
McCarthy, Anne B.	Vice President
McCollough, Martha J.	Assistant Vice President
McDermott, Robert J.	Senior Vice President
McInis, Brian S.	Vice President
McKenna, Mark J.	Managing Director

C-17

8/05

McNamara, III, Francis J. *	Senior Managing Director
McNeil, Paul V.	Vice President
Mehta, Ashok	Senior Vice President
Metelmann, Claye A.	Senior Vice President
Michejda, Marek A.	Senior Vice President
Miller, Bradley S.	Senior Vice President
Millette, Michelle T.	Vice President
Minsk, Judith	Senior Vice President
Mitchell, Thomas M.	Vice President
Molesky, Kevin P.	Vice President
Moody, Paul R.	Senior Vice President
Moore, George D.	Assistant Vice President
Moret, Mitchell L.	Senior Vice President
Murphy, Brian X.	Assistant Vice President
Nadherny, Robert Charles	Managing Director
Nakamura, Denise-Marie	Senior Vice President
Nardone, Laura E.	Assistant Vice President
Naumann, Daniel	Assistant Vice President
Naumenko, Maxim O.	Assistant Vice President
Nelson, Brian W.	Vice President
Nichols, Leslie G.	Assistant Vice President
Nickodemus, John P.	Managing Director
Nickolini, Michael A.	Vice President
Nicolazzo, Jon C.	Senior Vice President
Norcross, George H.	Assistant Vice President
O'Connell Jr., Paul P.	Senior Vice President
O'Connor, Brian P.	Senior Vice President
O'Connor, Matthew P.	Senior Vice President
O'Connor, Scott D.	Assistant Vice President
Olsen, Stephen	Vice President
Palmer, Patrick J.	Senior Vice President
Perkins, Erin M.	Senior Vice President
Petitti, Joseph P.	Senior Vice President
Pheeney, Bradford S.	Vice President
Pheeney, Douglas K.	Vice President
Phoenix, Joseph T.	Managing Director
Platt, Thomas R.	Senior Vice President
Powers, Michele M.	Assistant Vice President
Pulkrabek, Scott M.	Senior Vice President

C-18

8/05

Puzzangara, John C.	Vice President
Quinn, Brian J.	Senior Vice President
Reid, Sandra L.	Vice President
Ritter, Jesse D.	Vice President
Rodammer, Kris	Senior Vice President
Rowe, Robert B.	Senior Vice President
Ruys de Perez, Charles A. **	Managing Director
Ryan, Deborah A.	Senior Vice President
Saunders, Catherine A.	Managing Director
Schaub, Gerald D.	Vice President
Schepp, Peter Paul Wilhelm	Senior Vice President
Schlafman, Jonathan E.	Vice President
Schug, Mark R.	Assistant Vice President
Segers, Elizabeth R.	Managing Director
Seul, Philipp R.	Vice President
Seward, Lindsay H.	Vice President
Seydler, Bonnie S.	Vice President
Shannon Jr., John H.	Assistant Vice President
Shea, Lisa M.	Assistant Vice President
Short Jr. , Harold P.	Senior Vice President
Siebold, Mark J.	Senior Vice President
Siemon Jr., Frank E.	Senior Vice President
Spigelmeyer III, Carl M.	Vice President
Squires, Melissa H.	Vice President
Stathoulopoulos, Manny	Assistant Vice President
Steingarten, Brie A. E.	Assistant Vice President
Stuart, James F.	Senior Vice President
Sullivan, Brian L.	Senior Vice President
Sullivan, Elaine M.	Managing Director
Sweeney, Brian S.	Vice President
Sweeney, Janet C.	Senior Vice President
Taber, Rene B.	Vice President
Tanner, B. Iris	Vice President
Tate, Stephen J.	Assistant Vice President
Tierney, Tracy L.	Vice President
Totovian, James H.	Vice President
Tucker, Jason A.	Managing Director
Tudor, Jonathan Perry	Assistant Vice President
Tyrie, David C.	Managing Director

C-19

8/05

Urban, Elke R.	Assistant Vice President
Valentin-Hess, Carmen	Assistant Vice President
Wallace, Stephen	Senior Vice President
Webster, David Christopher	Assistant Vice President
White, Patrick J.	Vice President
Wilde, Michael R.	Assistant Vice President
Williams, Jason M.	Vice President
Wynn Jr., Frederick M.	Senior Vice President
Zannino, David J.	Assistant Vice President
Zechello, Steven R.	Senior Vice President
Zitnay, Lauren K.	Assistant Vice President
Zografos-Preusser, Laura J.	Senior Vice President
Zoltowski, Michelle F.	Assistant Vice President

* Mr. McNamara is Vice President and Chief Legal Officer of the Registrant.

** Mr. Ruys de Perez is Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of the Registrant.

C-20 8/05

^Item ^28. Location of Accounts and Records

Persons maintaining physical possession of accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Rules promulgated thereunder are Registrants' Clerk, Judith Cohen; Registrants' investment adviser, Putnam Investment Management, LLC; Registrants' principal underwriter, Putnam Retail Management, Inc.; Registrants' custodian, Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company ("PFTC"); and Registrants' transfer and dividend disbursing agent, Putnam Investor Services, a division of PFTC. The address of the Clerk, investment adviser, principal underwriter, custodian and transfer and dividend disbursing agent is One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109.

Item ^29. Management Services

None.

Item ^30. Undertakings

None.

NOTICE

A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of each of Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and notice is hereby given that this instrument is executed on behalf of each Registrant by an officer of each Registrant as an officer and not individually and the obligations of or arising out of this instrument are not binding upon any of the Trustees, officers or shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of the relevant Registrant.

C-4

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement under Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 and has duly caused this Amendment to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Boston, and The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, on the ^27^th day of January, ^2006.

PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET
FUND

By: /s/ Charles E. Porter^
Executive Vice President, Associate
Treasurer and Principal Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Amendment to the Registration Statement of Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

Signature	Title
John A. Hill	Chairman of the Board^ and Trustee
Jameson A. Baxter	Vice Chairman of the Board and Trustee
George Putnam, III	President^ and Trustee
Charles E. Porter	Executive Vice President, Associate Treasurer and
	Principal Executive Officer
Steven D. Krichmar	Vice President and Principal Financial Officer
Michael T. Healy	Assistant Treasurer and Principal Accounting Officer
^
Charles B. Curtis	Trustee
Myra R. Drucker	Trustee
Charles E. Haldeman, Jr.	Trustee
^
Paul L. Joskow	Trustee

C-5

Elizabeth T. Kennan	Trustee
John H. Mullin, III	Trustee
Robert E. Patterson	Trustee
W. Thomas Stephens	Trustee
Richard B. Worley	Trustee

By: /s/ Charles E. Porter, as Attorney-in-Fact
January ^27, 2006

C-6

Exhibit Index

Item 23 Exhibit

(d)(1) Form of Management Contract dated January 1, 2006 for Putnam Money Market Fund

(e)(1) Distributor's Contract dated June 10, 2005 for Putnam Money Market Fund

(e)(2) Distributor's Contract dated June 10, 2005 for Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund

(h)(1) Amended and Restated Investor Servicing Agreement dated January 1, 2005 with Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company for Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund

(j) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

(n) 18f-3 Plan dated October, 2005

(p)(2) Putnam Investments Code of Ethics dated December, 2005

C-7

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