Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2011

Contingencies

Contingencies

6.  Contingencies

OI Inc. is a defendant in numerous lawsuits alleging bodily injury and death as a result of exposure to asbestos dust.  From 1948 to 1958, one of OI Inc.’s former business units commercially produced and sold approximately $40 million of a high-temperature, calcium-silicate based pipe and block insulation material containing asbestos.  OI Inc. exited the pipe and block insulation business in April 1958.  The typical asbestos personal injury lawsuit alleges various theories of liability, including negligence, gross negligence and strict liability and seek compensatory and in some cases, punitive damages in various amounts (herein referred to as “asbestos claims”).

As of June 30, 2011, OI Inc. has determined that it is a named defendant in asbestos lawsuits and claims involving approximately 5,700 plaintiffs and claimants.  Based on an analysis of the lawsuits pending as of December 31, 2010, approximately 76% of plaintiffs either do not specify the monetary damages sought, or in the case of court filings, claim an amount sufficient to invoke the jurisdictional minimum of the trial court.  Approximately 22% of plaintiffs specifically plead damages of $15 million or less, and 2% of plaintiffs specifically plead damages greater than $15 million but less than $100 million.  Fewer than 1% of plaintiffs specifically plead damages $100 million or greater but less than $122 million.

As indicated by the foregoing summary, current pleading practice permits considerable variation in the assertion of monetary damages.  OI Inc.’s experience resolving hundreds of thousands of asbestos claims and lawsuits over an extended period demonstrates that the monetary relief that may be alleged in a complaint bears little relevance to a claim’s merits or disposition value.  Rather, the amount potentially recoverable is determined by such factors as the severity of the plaintiff’s asbestos disease, the product identification evidence against OI Inc. and other defendants, the defenses available to OI Inc. and other defendants, the specific jurisdiction in which the claim is made, and the plaintiff’s medical history and exposure to other disease-causing agents.

In addition to the pending claims set forth above, OI Inc. has claims-handling agreements in place with many plaintiffs’ counsel throughout the country.  These agreements require evaluation and negotiation regarding whether particular claimants qualify under the criteria established by such agreements. The criteria for such claims include verification of a compensable illness and a reasonable probability of exposure to a product manufactured by OI Inc.’s former business unit during its manufacturing period ending in 1958.  Some plaintiffs’ counsel have historically withheld claims under these agreements for later presentation while focusing their attention on active litigation in the tort system.  OI Inc. believes that as of June 30, 2011 there are approximately 500 claims against other defendants which are likely to be asserted some time in the future against OI Inc. These claims are not included in the pending “lawsuits and claims” totals set forth above.

OI Inc. is also a defendant in other asbestos-related lawsuits or claims involving maritime workers, medical monitoring claimants, co-defendants and property damage claimants.  Based upon its past experience, the OI Inc. believes that these categories of lawsuits and claims will not involve any material liability and they are not included in the above description of pending matters or in the following description of disposed matters.

Since receiving its first asbestos claim, OI Inc. as of June 30, 2011, has disposed of the asbestos claims of approximately 384,000 plaintiffs and claimants at an average indemnity payment per claim of approximately $7,900.  Certain of these dispositions have included deferred amounts payable over a number of years.  Deferred amounts payable totaled approximately $21 million at June 30, 2011 ($26 million at December 31, 2010) and are included in the foregoing average indemnity payment per claim.  OI Inc.’s asbestos indemnity payments have varied on a per claim basis, and are expected to continue to vary considerably over time.  As discussed above, a part of OI Inc.’s objective is to achieve, where possible, resolution of asbestos claims pursuant to claims-handling agreements.  Failure of claimants to meet certain medical and product exposure criteria in OI Inc.’s administrative claims handling agreements has generally reduced the number of marginal or suspect claims that would otherwise have been received.  In addition, certain courts and legislatures have reduced or eliminated the number of marginal or suspect claims that OI Inc. otherwise would have received.  These developments generally have had the effect of increasing the OI Inc.’s per-claim average indemnity payment.

OI Inc. believes that its ultimate asbestos-related liability (i.e., its indemnity payments or other claim disposition costs plus related legal fees) cannot reasonably be estimated. Beginning with the initial liability of $975 million established in 1993, OI Inc. has accrued a total of approximately $3.82 billion through 2010, before insurance recoveries, for its asbestos-related liability.  OI Inc.’s ability to reasonably estimate its liability has been significantly affected by, among other factors, the volatility of asbestos-related litigation in the United States, the significant number of co-defendants that have filed for bankruptcy, the magnitude and timing of co-defendant bankruptcy trust payments, the inherent uncertainty of future disease incidence and claiming patterns, the expanding list of non-traditional defendants that have been sued in this litigation, and the use of mass litigation screenings to generate large numbers of claims by parties who allege exposure to asbestos dust but have no present physical asbestos impairment.

OI Inc. has continued to monitor trends that may affect its ultimate liability and has continued to analyze the developments and variables affecting or likely to affect the resolution of pending and future asbestos claims against OI Inc. The material components of OI Inc.’s accrued liability are based on amounts determined by OI Inc. in connection with its annual comprehensive review and consist of the following estimates, to the extent it is probable that such liabilities have been incurred and can be reasonably estimated: (i) the liability for asbestos claims already asserted against OI Inc.; (ii) the liability for preexisting but unasserted asbestos claims for prior periods arising under its administrative claims-handling agreements with various plaintiffs’ counsel; (iii) the liability for asbestos claims not yet asserted against OI Inc., but which OI Inc. believes will be asserted in the next several years; and (iv) the legal defense costs likely to be incurred in connection with the foregoing types of claims.

The significant assumptions underlying the material components of OI Inc.’s accrual are:

a)  the extent to which settlements are limited to claimants who were exposed to OI Inc.’s asbestos-containing insulation prior to its exit from that business in 1958;

b)  the extent to which claims are resolved under OI Inc.’s administrative claims agreements or on terms comparable to those set forth in those agreements;

c)  the extent of decrease or increase in the incidence of serious disease cases and claiming patterns for such cases;

d)  the extent to which OI Inc. is able to defend itself successfully at trial;

e)  the extent to which courts and legislatures eliminate, reduce or permit the diversion of financial resources for unimpaired claimants;

f)  the number and timing of additional co-defendant bankruptcies;

g)  the extent to which bankruptcy trusts direct resources to resolve claims that are also presented to OI Inc. and the timing of the payments made by the bankruptcy trusts; and

h)  the extent to which co-defendants with substantial resources and assets continue to participate significantly in the resolution of future asbestos lawsuits and claims.

As noted above, OI Inc. conducts a comprehensive review of its asbestos-related liabilities and costs annually in connection with finalizing and reporting its annual results of operations, unless significant changes in trends or new developments warrant an earlier review.  If the results of an annual comprehensive review indicate that the existing amount of the accrued liability is insufficient to cover its estimated future asbestos-related costs, then OI Inc. will record an appropriate charge to increase the accrued liability.  OI Inc. believes that a reasonable estimation of the probable amount of the liability for claims not yet asserted against OI Inc. is not possible beyond a period of several years.  Therefore, while the results of future annual comprehensive reviews cannot be determined, OI Inc. expects the addition of one year to the estimation period will result in an annual charge.

On March 11, 2011, OI Inc. received a verdict in an asbestos case in which conspiracy claims had been asserted against OI Inc. Of the total nearly $90 million awarded by the jury against the four defendants in the case, almost $10 million in compensatory damages were assessed against all four defendants, and $40 million in punitive damages were assessed against OI Inc.

OI Inc. continues to deny the conspiracy allegations in this case and will vigorously challenge this verdict, if necessary, in the appellate courts, and, therefore, has made no change to its asbestos-related liability as of June 30, 2011.  While OI Inc. cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this lawsuit, OI Inc. and other conspiracy defendants have successfully challenged jury verdicts in similar cases.

Other litigation is pending against the Company, in many cases involving ordinary and routine claims incidental to the business of the Company and in others presenting allegations that are non-routine and involve compensatory, punitive or treble damage claims as well as other types of relief.  The Company records a liability for such matters when it is both probable that the liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated.

Recorded amounts are reviewed and adjusted to reflect changes in the factors upon which the estimates are based including additional information, negotiations, settlements, and other events.

The ultimate legal and financial liability of OI Inc. with respect to the lawsuits and proceedings referred to above, in addition to other pending litigation, cannot reasonably be estimated.  OI Inc.’s reported results of operations for 2010 were materially affected by the $170 million (pretax and after tax) fourth quarter charge for asbestos-related costs and asbestos-related payments continue to be substantial.  Any future additional charge would likewise materially affect OI Inc.’s results of operations for the period in which it is recorded. Also, the continued use of significant amounts of cash for asbestos-related costs has affected and may continue to affect the Company’s and OI Inc.’s cost of borrowing and its ability to pursue global or domestic acquisitions. However, the Company believes that its operating cash flows and other sources of liquidity will be sufficient to pay its obligations for asbestos-related costs and to fund its working capital and capital expenditure requirements on a short-term and long-term basis.