Share Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Share Based Compensation

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (“2014 LTIP”) was adopted by our shareholders in May 2014 to enhance the ability of the Company to attract and retain exceptionally qualified individuals to serve as key employees. The LTIP provides for the issuance of up to 500,000 shares of common stock, in the form of equity awards including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), performance units, other stock-based awards or any combination thereof,  to our key employees. 

Stock options awarded under the 2009 Officer Stock Option Plan and the 1998 Officer Stock Option Plan (collectively, the “Plans”) were not altered by the 2014 LTIP, and remain subject to the terms of the Plans.  However, under the terms of the 2014 LTIP, all shares of common stock remaining issuable under the Plans at the time the 2014 LTIP was adopted ceased to be available for future issuance.

Under the 2014 LTIP and the Plans, stock options and SARs have generally been granted with an exercise price equal to the fair value of Summit's common stock on the grant date. We periodically grant employee stock options to individual employees. During first quarter 2017, we granted 53,309 SARs that become exercisable ratably over five years (20% per year) and expire ten years after the grant date and granted 34,306 SARS that become exercisable ratably over seven years (14.29% per year) and expire ten years after the grant date. There were no grants of stock options or SARs during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

The fair value of our employee stock options and SARs granted under the Plans is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, changes to which can materially affect the fair value estimate. Additionally, there may be other factors that would otherwise have a significant effect on the value of employee stock options and SARs granted but are not considered by the model. Because our employee stock options and SARs have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management’s opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its employee stock options and SARs at the time of grant. The assumptions used to value SARs issued during 2017 were as follows:

	5-year vesting SARs		7-year vesting SARs
Risk-free interest rate	2.16	%	2.24	%
Expected dividend yield	1.45	%	1.45	%
Expected common stock volatility	60.05	%	59.60	%
Expected life	6.5 years		7.0 years

We recognize compensation expense based on the estimated number of stock awards expected to actually vest, exclusive of the awards expected to be forfeited.  During the first three months of 2018 and 2017, our share-based compensation expense was $94,000 and $84,000 and the related deferred tax benefits were approximately $23,000 and $31,000.

A summary of activity in our Plans during the first three months of 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018
	Options/SARs		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Remaining Contractual Term (Yrs.)	Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, January 1	250,291					$	17.75
Granted	—					—
Exercised	(200	)				17.79
Forfeited	(3,000	)				26.01
Expired	—					—
Outstanding, March 31	247,091		$	1,918	7.08	$	17.65
Exercisable, March 31	77,581		$	618	5.50	$	17.42

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017
	Options/SARs		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Remaining Contractual Term (Yrs.)	Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, January 1	217,857					$	13.56
Granted	87,615					26.01
Exercised	(2,000	)				6.21
Forfeited	—					—
Expired	—					—
Outstanding, March 31	303,472		$	1,812	7.61	$	17.20
Exercisable, March 31	82,483		$	541	4.48	$	16.23