EX-99.C.2 8 dex99c2.htm FAIRNESS OPINION PRESENTATION DATED 10/07/03 SG COWEN SECURITIES CORP. FAIRNESS OPINION PRESENTATION DATED 10/07/03 SG COWEN SECURITIES CORP.

Exhibit (c)(2)

 

CONFIDENTIAL

 

Project Castle

 

Fairness Opinion Presentation to the Special Committee of the Board of Directors

 

October 7, 2003

 

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INTRODUCTION

 

The following materials were prepared solely for discussion at the meeting of the Special Committee of the Board of Directors of Castle (“Company”) scheduled for October 7, 2003.

 

In preparing this presentation, we have, with your consent, relied upon information provided by the Company, Moat and Guard and other publicly available information. We have not independently verified any of such information, and have relied on it being complete and accurate in all material respects.

 

Please note that this presentation is based on the business and operations of Castle as represented to us as of the date hereof, and does not purport to take into consideration any information or events arising subsequent to such date. SG Cowen makes no representation or warranty that there has been no material change in the information provided or reviewed by us in connection herewith.

 

The information contained herein is confidential and has been prepared exclusively for the benefit and use of the Special Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company in its consideration of the proposed transaction, and may not be used for any other purpose or be discussed, reproduced, disseminated, quoted or referred to at any time, in any manner or for any purpose without our prior written consent. This presentation is not for the benefit of, and does not convey any rights or remedies to, any holder of securities of the Company or any other person.

 

This presentation is subject to the assumptions, qualifications and limitations set forth herein and in the form of our fairness opinion letter, included as an appendix to this presentation, and does not constitute a recommendation by SG Cowen to the Board of Directors or shareholders of the Company on how to vote with respect to the proposed transaction.

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

1.

   EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2.

   CASTLE OVERVIEW

3.

   VALUATION CONSIDERATIONS

APPENDIX

     A.    Form of SG Cowen Fairness Opinion

 

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

 

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


 

 

TRANSACTION OVERVIEW

 

Structure        Bridge, a wholly owned subsidiary of Moat, to be merged with and into Castle, with Castle as
the surviving corporation
Consideration        Castle shareholders to exchange each outstanding share of Castle stock for $12.00 per share or
an aggregate of $145.2 million based on 12.1 million common shares outstanding of Castle
using the treasury stock method
(a)
               •      No less than $16 million of such consideration shall be provided by Castle
               •      Outstanding shares of Castle and options to purchase shares of Castle held by certain members of Castle management to be converted into shares of Moat and options to purchase shares of Moat, respectively(b)
Financing        Moat has provided commitment letters from Guard and Othello indicating that Moat will have
sufficient funds to consummate the transaction
               •      There is no financing condition

(a) The total shares outstanding consist of 11.146 million primary common shares outstanding and 0.958 million common shares from options using the treasury stock method.
(b) Such members of management include messrs. Foy, Provenzano, Breslauer, Tellez and Asen; for the purposes of this analysis, SG Cowen has assumed that such Moat shares and options to purchase Moat shares have an equivalent value to the value otherwise payable to such share and option holders pursuant to the Merger Agreement.

 

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


 

 

OTHER KEY TRANSACTION TERMS(a)

 

Transaction Considerations


  

Comments


Treatment of Options       Generally, options to purchase Castle stock shall be accelerated and converted into the right to receive an amount in cash equal to the difference between $12.00 and the exercise price of such option.
        Options to purchase Castle stock held by certain members of Castle management(b) shall be converted into the right to receive Moat options with an equivalent embedded value.
Non-Solicitation Provision       Castle may not solicit or negotiate other acquisition proposals, or enter into an agreement with respect to other acquisition proposals, subject to a fiduciary out for unsolicited bona fide acquisition proposals (each an “Acquisition Proposal”) to the extent (i) the Board of Directors or the Special Committee determines in good faith after consultation with counsel that failing to take such action is inconsistent with their fiduciary duties, (ii) the Acquisition Proposal is reasonably likely to lead to a written proposal that is more favorable from a financial point of view, reasonably capable of being consummated in a timely manner (including financing), and of a nature that not accepting it would be inconsistent with their fiduciary duties, and (iii) prior to furnishing information to the source of the proposal, the Company enters into a confidentiality agreement with terms no less favorable to the Company than the agreement entered into with Guard.
        Castle has a duty to promptly notify Moat of any Acquisition Proposals and keep Moat materially informed of the status of such Acquisition Proposal.

(a) Based on draft Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 6, 2003 (the “Merger Agreement”).
(b) Such members of management include messrs. Foy, Provenzano, Breslauer, and Tellez.

 

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


 

 

OTHER KEY TRANSACTION TERMS(a)

 

Transaction Considerations


  

Comments


Termination       The Agreement may be terminated under the following circumstances.
        Mutual written consent of Castle and Moat.
        By Castle or Moat to the extent that (i) the merger is prohibited by any law or government order, (ii) the merger has not been consummated by March 15, 2004, except by either party to the extent the merger has not been consummated due to their failure to perform any covenant or obligation under the Agreement, or (iii) the Castle shareholders fail to approve the merger.
        By Moat to the extent that (i) Castle breaches the Agreement and such breach is not cured within 10 day’s notice thereof, or (ii) the Board of Directors or Special Committee of Castle withdraws its recommendation of the merger, or approves or recommends any other Acquisition Proposal.
        By Castle to the extent that (i) Moat breaches the Agreement and such breach is not cured within 10 day’s of notice thereof, or (ii) pursuant to the fiduciary obligations of the Board of Directors as set forth above.
Termination Fee and Expenses       Each party is responsible for its own expenses.
        Termination fee equal to 2.2% of the fully diluted equity value transaction or $3.2 million based on 12.1 million common shares outstanding of Castle using the treasury stock method.
        Termination fee payable to the extent that the agreement is terminated (i) by Castle pursuant to the fiduciary obligations of the Board of Directors, or (ii) by Moat pursuant to its rights set forth above, and Castle closes a transaction pursuant to a prior Acquisition Proposal within 180 days thereafter.

(a) Based on draft Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 6, 2003 (the “Merger Agreement”).

 

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


 

 

OTHER KEY TRANSACTION TERMS(a)

 

Transaction Considerations


  

Comments


Conditions to Closing       Conditions to Castle and Moat’s obligations: (i) Castle shareholder approval, (ii) absence of any governmental prohibition, and (iii) expiration of any required waiting period under HSR.
        Conditions to Moat’s obligations: (i) Castle representations and warranties are true and correct other than to the extent any breach does not cause a Company Material Adverse Effect (other than representations and warranties related to performance obligations under the agreement, Castle’s capitalization, transaction expenses and indebtedness), (ii) Castle shall have performed all material obligations under the Merger Agreement, (iii) certain members of management of Castle shall have rolled over their Castle shares(b), (iv) no Material Company Adverse Effect shall have occurred, (v) no pending litigation prohibiting the merger, (vi) no more than 7% of Castle’s shareholders shall have exercised dissenters rights, (vii) receipt of customary officers’ certificates, and (viii) receipt of director resignations. A “Company Material Adverse Effect” includes any effect that (i) is materially adverse to the business, financial condition or results of operations of Castle other than any Excluded Matters, or (ii) prevents or materially delays Castle from performing its obligations under the agreement or consummating the merger. “Excluded Matters” includes (i) general changes in economic conditions or the software industry, (ii) a change in the market price or trading volume of Castle shares or financial markets generally, (iii) any force majeur, (iv) changes resulting from the public announcement of the agreement, (v) any action agreed to by Moat and Castle, (vi) any change in accounting rules, or (vii) any change resulting from a breach of the Agreement by Moat.
        Conditions to Castle’s obligations: (i) Moat representations are true and correct other than to the extent any breach does not cause a Purchaser Material Adverse Effect, (ii) Moat has performed all material obligations under the Agreement, and (iii) receipt of customary officers’ certificates. “Purchaser Material Adverse Effect” includes any effect that prevents or materially delays Moat from performing its obligations under the agreement or consummating the merger.
Closing       Within three business days of satisfaction of the conditions to closing.
D&O Insurance       Prior to closing, Castle shall procure a “tail” directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy with terms and conditions reasonably satisfactory to the board of directors so long as the cost does not exceed $1.3 million.

(a) Based on draft Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 6, 2003 (the “Merger Agreement”).
(b) Such members of management include messrs. Foy, Provenzano, Breslauer, Tellez and Asen.

 

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


 

 

TRANSACTION STATISTICS

 

Transaction Value(a)


    

Offer Price per Share

   $ 12.00

Total Equity Value to Castle’s Shareholders(b)

   $ 145.2

Net Cash(c)

   $ 28.6

Net Transaction Value (Enterprise Value)

   $ 116.7

 

Transaction Multiples


           
     Statistic

   Multiple

 

LQA Revenue

   $ 108.6    1.1 x

LTM Revenue

     104.9    1.1  

2003E Revenue

     107.8    1.1  

2004E Revenue

     116.0    1.0  

LQA EBITDA

   $ 10.2    11.5 x

LTM EBITDA

     8.6    13.5  

2003E EBITDA

     10.2    11.5  

2004E EBITDA

     12.8    9.1  

LQA Net Income

   $ 5.0    23.5 x

LTM Net Income

     4.1    28.3  

2003E Net Income

     5.0    23.3  

2004E Net Income

     7.0    16.6  

Premiums Paid


           
     Price

   Premium

 

Castle Spot Price as of 10/06/03

   $ 9.31    29 %

Castle Price One Week Prior

     8.51    41 %

Castle Price One Month Prior

     9.14    31 %

Castle Price Three Months Prior

     8.86    35 %

(a) US$ in millions, other than per share amounts.
(b) Total equity value based on 11.146 million primary shares outstanding and 0.958 million common shares outstanding from options using the treasury stock method.
(c) Estimated net cash as of September 30, 2003 per management of Castle as of October 6, 2003. SG Cowen has assumed, with Castle’s consent, that such projections provide a reasonable basis for this analysis.

 

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


 

 

ANTICIPATED TIMELINE TO CLOSE

 

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Next Steps and Timing

 

Action


 

Approximate Best Case Timing


Signing of Definitive Agreement

  October 7, 2003

Announce Signing of Merger Agreement

  October 7, 2003

File Proxy materials with SEC

  Week of October 20, 2003
   

SEC Review


 

No SEC Review


Receive SEC clearance

  Week of December 1, 2003   Week of November 3, 2003

Mail Proxy Statement to Castle Stockholders

  Week of December 1, 2003   Week of November 3, 2003

Castle Stockholders’ Meeting

  Week of December 29, 2003   Week of December 1, 2003

Closing

  Week of December 29, 2003   Week of December 1, 2003

 

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CASTLE OVERVIEW

 

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CASTLE OVERVIEW


 

 

CASTLE OVERVIEW (a)

 

Business Description

 

Provider of customer interaction management (CIM) solutions

 

  Core products help companies effectively manage customer interactions via voice, email, the Web and fax

 

  Acquisition of Cellit in January 2002 increased inbound market capabilities

 

Sales and Marketing

 

The company licenses and sells its products through a network of distributors and resellers as well as a direct sales force

 

Customers

 

Castle solutions are used by more than 1,200 companies worldwide

 

  Customer verticals include financial institutions, telecommunications, utilities, healthcare and retailers

 

Representative Historical Customers

 

Advanta

  

British Telecom

  

New Century Financial Corp.

  

Volkswagen

American Express

  

Cigna

  

Pitney Bowes

  

Wells Fargo

AT&T

  

Discover

  

Prudential Financial

  

Williams Communications

Air Jamaica Vacations

  

FleetBoston Financial

  

Sprint

  

Xerox Limited

Blue Shield of California

  

GE Capital

  

Time Warner Cable

    

BMW

  

Household Finance Corp.

  

United Parcel Service

    

(a) Source: Castle Website and Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2002.

 

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CASTLE OVERVIEW


 

 

CASTLE OVERVIEW (CONTINUED)

 

Selected Product Summary (a)

 

Product/Description

 

EnsemblePro—Combines the best functionality from all of Castle’s products together in a single unified solution. Designed from the ground up to incorporate the broad multimedia functionality required by today’s contact centers—including ACD, predictive dialing, IVR, email, web chat and collaboration, universal queuing, recording and reporting—EnsemblePro also offers the ability to connect with and add value to existing contact center point solutions. Its unified nature greatly reduces the complexities traditionally associated with implementing, owning and operating multimedia contact centers

 

Unison—An industry-leading outbound and blended call management solution designed to automate proactive customer contact activities. It manages outbound and blended calling campaigns, and provides high-productivity tools to increase the number of calls handled and the quality of each customer contact

 

Ensemble—Customer interaction management suite that seamlessly integrates inbound and outbound calling. Ensemble is a modular platform, allowing companies to deploy the product in stages and increase its functionality as their needs expand. The system is designed to leverage a company’s existing investment in telephony and systems infrastructure, while enabling rapid deployment

 

LYRICall—Castle’s browser-based scripting solution harnesses the power and simplicity of browser technology to deliver robust, platform independent agent screens and scripts. The software links front-line agents with back-office customer information systems, enabling agents to quickly and seamlessly access data to execute successful customer contacts


(a) Source: Castle Website and Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2002.

 

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CASTLE OVERVIEW


 

 

CASTLE MANAGEMENT AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS

 

Executive Officers

 

Name


  

Position


James D. Foy*

  

President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Michael J. Provenzano, III*

  

Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Ralph S. Breslauer*

  

Executive Vice President, Sales and Marketing

Alexander Tellez*

  

Executive Vice President, Engineering

Kristina Lengyel

  

Vice President, Global Technical Services

Mark Donovan

  

Senior Vice President, Operations and Customer Services

 

Board of Directors

 

Name


   Age

  

Position


Alphonse M. Lucchese

   67   

Chairman

R. Scott Asen*

   58   

General Partner, AB Associates, LP

Peter Gyenes

   57   

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ascential Software Corporation


* Indicates that the executive or board member intends to convert a portion of his options to purchase Castle shares into options to purchase Moat shares. Mr. Asen is expected to convert a portion of his shares of Castle into shares of Moat.

 

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CASTLE OVERVIEW


 

 

CASTLE SUMMARY OWNERSHIP PROFILE

 

Ownership by Major Classification

 

     Primary Shares

    Fully Diluted (a)

 

Share Class/Owner


   Shares

   % of
Total


    Shares

   % of
Total


 

Insiders (b)

                      

Alphonse M. Lucchese

   132,500    1.2 %   710,206    5.8 %

R. Scott Asen

   513,841    4.6 %   540,091    4.4 %

James D. Foy

   10,000    0.1 %   235,000    1.9 %

Mark Donovan

   5,500    0.0 %   136,124    1.1 %

Other insiders (5 persons)

   19,312    0.2 %   321,688    2.6 %
    
  

 
  

Total Insiders

   675,653    6.1 %   1,806,985    14.7 %

Institutional (c)

                      

Husic Capital Management

   1,222,046    11.0 %   1,222,046    10.0 %

Neuberger Berman LLC

   1,149,965    10.3 %   1,149,965    9.4 %

Shufro, Rose & Co. LLC

   707,315    6.3 %   707,315    5.8 %

Disciplined Growth Investors, Inc.

   533,900    4.8 %   533,900    4.3 %

Kopp Investment Advisors, Inc.

   519,600    4.7 %   519,600    4.2 %

S Squared Technology Corp.

   436,300    3.9 %   436,300    3.6 %

Dimensional Fund Advisors, Inc.

   391,206    3.5 %   391,206    3.2 %

Other Institutional Investors

   2,581,088    23.2 %   2,581,088    21.0 %
    
  

 
  

Total Institutional Investors

   7,541,420    67.7 %   7,541,420    61.4 %

Retail (c)

   2,928,981    26.3 %   2,928,981    23.9 %

Total Shares Outstanding (d)

   11,146,054    100.0 %   12,277,386    100.0 %

(a) Fully diluted shares assumes conversion of outstanding stock options that were exercisable within 60 days of March 24, 2003 per Proxy Statement dated April 14, 2003.
(b) Per Proxy Statement dated April 14, 2003.
(c) Per FactSet as of October 6, 2003.
(d) Per 10-Q for quarter ending June 30, 2003.

 

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CASTLE OVERVIEW


 

 

CASTLE STOCK PERFORMANCE—LATEST TWELVE MONTHS

 

Trading Statistics

 

Current

   $ 9.31

3 Month Avg.

     9.11

6 Month Avg.

     7.53

Average—LTM

     6.81

High—LTM

     9.89

Low—LTM

     4.11

Avg Vol.—LTM

     48.656

 

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Source: FactSet as of October 6, 2003.

 

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CASTLE OVERVIEW


 

 

HISTORICAL STOCK PRICE PERFORMANCE—LATEST TWELVE MONTHS

 

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Source: FactSet as of October 6, 2003.

Note: All prices are indexed and market cap weighted.

Note: Comparable Company Index includes NICE, WITS, ASPT, APRS, ININ and PKSI.

 

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CASTLE OVERVIEW


 

 

CASTLE HISTORICAL TRADING PERFORMANCE(a)

 

Avg. Close.

   $6.81

Avg. Volume:

   48,656

Avg. $/Day:

   $316,409

Total Volume:

   12,309,871

Shares O/S:

   11,146,054

 

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(a) Data as per FactSet as of October 6, 2003.

 

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CASTLE OVERVIEW


 

 

ANNUAL HISTORICAL AND PROJECTED FINANCIAL SUMMARY(a)

 

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(a) Historical data as per Castle SEC filings on forms 10-K and 10-Q. Projected financial information, including Q3 2003, per management of Castle as of October 6, 2003; SG Cowen has assumed, with Castle’s consent, that such projections provide a reasonable basis for this analysis.
(b) Historical pro forma results include amortization from 2002 acquisition, but exclude other non-recurring charges.

 

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CASTLE OVERVIEW


 

 

FINANCIAL REVIEW

 

Historical and Projected Financial Information(a)

(US$ in millions, except per share data)

 

     CY 2001A

    CY 2002A

    CY 2003E

    CY 2004E

 

Total revenue

   $ 94.9     $ 99.5     $ 107.8     $ 116.0  

Gross Margin

     60.3       63.2       66.4       74.3  

EBIT(b)

     (1.4 )     0.6       4.3       6.8  

EBITDA

     2.5       6.8       10.2       12.8  

Net Income

     1.3       1.1       3.7       5.7  

EPS

   $ 0.10     $ 0.09     $ 0.31     $ 0.46  

Revenue growth rate (Y/Y)

     (0 )%     5 %     8 %     8 %

Gross margin

     64 %     64 %     62 %     64 %

Operating margin

     (1 )%     1 %     4 %     6 %

Net Income

     1 %     1 %     3 %     5 %

 

Summary Balance Sheet(a)

(US$ in millions)

 

     12/31/01

   12/31/02

   6/30/03

Cash

   $ 67.9    $ 35.1    $ 27.2

Debt

     0.0      0.6      0.4

Stockholders Equity

     70.5      57.6      56.1

(a) Historical data as per Castle SEC filings on forms 10-K and 10-Q. Projected financial information, including Q3 2003, per management of Castle as of October 6, 2003. SG Cowen has assumed, with Castle’s consent, that such projections provide a reasonable basis for this analysis.
(b) Includes amortization of purchased intangible assets from 2002 acquisition, but excludes other non-recurring charges.

 

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VALUATION CONSIDERATIONS

 

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VALUATION CONSIDERATIONS


 

 

IMPLIED MULTIPLES VS. COMPARABLE COMPANY TRADING MULTIPLES (a)

 

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(a) Stock price data as of October 6, 2003.

 

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VALUATION CONSIDERATIONS


 

 

COMPARABLE COMPANY ANALYSIS—MARKET DATA

 

Comparable Company Analysis

(US$ in millions, except per share data)

 

Company

(Quarter as of)


  Enterprise
Value(a)


  Net
Cash


  Market
Value(a)


  Enterprise Value as a Multiple of:

    P/E

 
        Revenues

    EBITDA

   
        LQA

    LTM

    CY03E(b)

    CY04E(b)

    LQA

    LTM

    CY03E(b)

    CY04E(b)

    CY03E(b)

    CY04E(b)

 

Aspect Communications (06/03) (c)

  $ 644   $ 56   $ 699   1.8 x   1.8 x   1.8 x   1.8 x   8.1 x   10.1 x   8.9 x   8.8 x   26.0 x   24.6 x

NICE(06/03) (d)

    245     87     332   1.1     1.2     1.0     0.9     9.1     13.1     6.7     5.2     22.9     17.8  

Witness Systems (06/03) (e)

    75     40     115   0.6     0.6     0.6     0.7     NM     NM     NM     9.5     NM     39.2  

Interactive Intelligence (06/03) (d)

    34     15     49   0.7     0.7     0.7     0.6     NM     28.5 (f)   12.3 (f)   10.1 (f)   NM     NM  

Primus Knowledge Solutions (06/03)

    23     11     34   1.5     1.2     NA     NA     NM     NM     NA     NA     NA     NA  

Apropos Technology (06/03) (d)

    10     39     49   0.5     0.5     0.5     NA     NM     NM     NM     NA     NM     NA  

High

                    1.8 x   1.8 x   1.8 x   1.8 x   9.1 x   13.1 x   8.9 x   9.5 x   26.0 x   39.2 x

Mean

                    1.0 x   1.0 x   0.9 x   1.0 x   8.6 x   11.6 x   7.8 x   7.8 x   24.5 x   27.2 x

Median

                    0.9 x   0.9 x   0.7 x   0.8 x   8.6 x   11.6 x   7.8 x   8.8 x   24.5 x   24.6 x

Low

                    0.5 x   0.5 x   0.5 x   0.6 x   8.1 x   10.1 x   6.7 x   5.2 x   22.9 x   17.8 x

Castle (09/03) @ ($12.00) (g)

  $ 117   $ 29   $ 145   1.1 x   1.1 x   1.1 x   1.0 x   11.5 x   13.5 x   11.5 x   9.1 x   28.2 x   21.0 x

(a) Enterprise value equal to market cap. plus net debt; as of October 6, 2003.
(b) Estimates from SG Cowen where available, otherwise FirstCall or Wall Street research.
(c) Aspect Communications market cap assumes conversion of convertible preferred equity.
(d) Projected EBITDA based on Wall Street research estimated operating income plus depreciation and amortization calculated based on LTM percent of revenue.
(e) Witness Systems historical results shown pro forma for the Erytel acquisition.
(f) Excluded from summary statistics (mean, median, high and low) calculations.
(g) Projected financial information, including Q3 2003, per management of Castle as of October 6, 2003, adjusted to exclude amortization related to 2002 acquisition. SG Cowen has assumed, with Castle’s consent, that such projections provide a reasonable basis for this analysis.

 

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VALUATION CONSIDERATIONS


 

 

COMPARABLE COMPANY ANALYSIS—OPERATING DATA

 

Comparable Company Analysis

(US$ in millions, except per share data)

 

Company


   Revenues

   Operating Statistics EBITDA

   LTM Margins

    Revenue
Growth


 
   LQA

   LTM

   CY03E(a)

   CY04E(a)

   LQA

    LTM

    CY03E(a)

    CY04E(a)

   Gross

    Oper.

    ’02A/
’03E(a)


    ’03E/
’04E(a)


 

Aspect Communications

   $ 358    $ 367    $ 355    $ 358    $ 79     $ 63     $ 73     $ 73    56 %   10 %   (10 )%   1 %

NICE (b)

     225      198      236      276      27       19       37       47    50 %   0 %   45 %   17 %

Witness Systems (c)

     117      135      116      112      0       (11 )     (7 )     8    65 %   (13 )%   (18 )%   (4 )%

Interactive Intelligence (b)

     48      50      51      53      (0 )     1       3       3    72 %   (8 )%   7 %   4 %

Primus Knowledge Solutions

     15      20      NA      NA      (9 )     (4 )     NA       NA    75 %   (31 )%   NA     NA  

Apropos Technology (b)

     19      20      19      NA      (5 )     (9 )     (3 )     NA    72 %   (50 )%   (8 )%   NA  

High

                                                              75 %   10 %   45 %   17 %

Mean

                                                              65 %   (15 )%   3 %   5 %

Median

                                                              69 %   (10 )%   (8 )%   3 %

Low

                                                              50 %   (50 )%   (18 )%   (4 )%

Castle (d)

   $ 109    $ 105    $ 108    $ 116    $ 10     $ 9     $ 10     $ 13    61 %   4 %   8 %   8 %

(a) Estimates from SG Cowen where available, otherwise FirstCall or Wall Street research.
(b) Projected EBITDA based on Wall Street research estimated operating income plus depreciation and amortization calculated based on LTM percent of revenue.
(c) Witness Systems historical results shown pro forma for the Erytel acquisition.
(d) Projected financial information, including Q3 2003, per management of Castle as of October 6, 2003. SG Cowen has assumed, with Castle’s consent, that such projections provide a reasonable basis for this analysis.

 

LOGO   23    


    LOGO   

VALUATION CONSIDERATIONS


 

 

IMPLIED MULTIPLES VS. SELECTED M&A TRANSACTIONS

 

LOGO


(a) Based on precedent call center software transactions (see page 25).
(b) Based on LTM public software transactions (see page 26).

 

LOGO   24    


    LOGO   

VALUATION CONSIDERATIONS


 

 

PRECEDENT TRANSACTIONS—CALL CENTER SOFTWARE

 

Precedent Transaction Analysis(a)

(US$ in millions, except per share data)

 

Announce

Date


  

Target/

Acquiror


  

Target

Description


  

Announced

Ent. Value(b)


   

Ent. Value/

LTM REVs


    Premium

 
             1-Day

    30-Day

    90-Day

 

04/24/03

  

SpeechWorks International/ ScanSoft

  

Provider of speech technologies and services

   $ 128     3.3 x   85 %   85 %   104 %

02/26/03

  

Eyretel/Witness Systems

  

Provider of high-volume recording solutions

     23     0.3 x   20 %   133 %   104 %

11/06/02

  

Syntellect/Enghouse Systems

  

Provider of self-service speech solutions

     8     0.2 x   243 %   167 %   132 %

07/31/02

  

Thales Contact Solutions/Nice Systems

  

Developer of customer facing Call Center technology

     56     0.8 x   NA     NA     NA  

05/29/02

   Telera/Alcatel   

Provider of a voice web application platform

     106     NA     NA     NA     NA  

03/12/02

  

Delano Technology/divine

  

Provider e-business interaction software

     23     1.3 x   6 %   (11 )%   (1 )%

01/10/02

   Cellit/Davox   

Developer of inbound call center software

     18     3.2 x   NA     NA     NA  

04/09/01

  

Broadbase Software/Kana Communications

  

Provider of critical e-commerce infrastructure

     (53 )   NM     28 %   (61 )%   (81 )%

07/09/01

   eShare/Divine   

Provider of Customer Interaction Management solutions

     49     0.6 x   126 %   129 %   285 %

HIGH

                     3.3 x   243 %   167 %   285 %

MEAN

                     1.4     85 %   74 %   91 %

MEDIAN

                     0.8     56 %   107 %   104 %

LOW

                     0.2     6 %   (61 )%   (81 )%

Castle @ Deal

             $ 117     1.1 x   29 %   31 %   35 %

(a) Source: SEC filings, company press releases and Wall Street research.
(b) Enterprise value equals market value minus net cash.

 

LOGO   25    


    LOGO   

VALUATION CONSIDERATIONS


 

 

PREMIUMS ANALYSIS—LTM SOFTWARE TRANSACTION $50 TO $250 MILLION

 

Premiums Analysis—Software Transactions $50 to $250 Million(a)

(US$ in millions, except per share data)

 

   

Date Ann.


 

Target Name


  

Acquiror Name


  Consideration

  Value(b)

  1-Day Prem.

    30-Day Prem.

    90-Day Prem.

 

1

  09/ 09/ 03   Lightspan   

PLATO Learning

  Stock   $ 167   38 %   63 %   27 %

2

  08/ 06/ 03   iManage    Interwoven   Cash and Stock     108   24 %   26 %   68 %

3

  08/ 04/ 03  

Mercator Software

  

Ascential Software

  Cash     115   22 %   97 %   114 %

4

  07/ 23/ 03   Brio Software    Hyperion   Cash and Stock     142   27 %   58 %   108 %

5

  07/ 16/ 03   Timberline    Sage Group   Cash     104   33 %   41 %   68 %

6

  07/ 10/ 03  

Sherwood International

  

Sungard Data Systems

  Cash     106   10 %   21 %   63 %

7

  06/ 26/ 03  

Triple G Systems Group Inc

  

GE Medical Systems

  Cash     55   15 %   6 %   65 %

8

  06/ 23/ 03   Comshare Inc   

Geac Computer Corp Ltd

  Cash     51   26 %   37 %   116 %

9

  06/ 06/ 03   Corel Corp    Vector Capital   Cash     96   10 %   17 %   29 %

10

  04/ 24/ 03  

SpeechWorks International

   ScanSoft   Stock     166   85 %   85 %   104 %

11

  04/ 03/ 03  

Elite Information Group

   Thomson   Cash     122   40 %   43 %   49 %

12

  02/ 05/ 03   H.T.E.    SunGard Data Systems   Cash     122   48 %   43 %   69 %

13

  01/ 22/ 03   Resonate   

GTG Acquisition Corp

  Cash     53   7 %   50 %   59 %

14

  01/ 21/ 03   Caminus   

SunGard Data Systems

  Cash     154   260 %   235 %   362 %

15

  01/ 13/ 03  

Numerical Technologies

   Synopsys   Cash     239   89 %   126 %   106 %

16

  12/ 23/ 02   Inktomi    Yahoo   Cash     249   41 %   30 %   334 %

17

  11/ 08/ 02   Prophet 21    Investor Group   Cash     68   25 %   40 %   34 %

18

  10/ 28/ 02  

Infinium Software

  

SSA Global Technologies

  Cash     105   21 %   49 %   39 %
             HIGH             260 %   235 %   362 %
             MEAN             46 %   59 %   101 %
             MEDIAN             27 %   43 %   68 %
             LOW             7 %   6 %   27 %
             Castle @ Deal             29 %   31 %   35 %

(a) Based on acquisitions of public software companies with and announced enterprise value between $ 50MM and $250MM during the last twelve months.
(b) Transaction value per SDC.

 

LOGO   26    


    LOGO   

VALUATION CONSIDERATIONS


 

 

PREMIUMS ANALYSIS

 

LOGO

 

Source: FactSet as of October 6, 2003.

 

LOGO   27    


    LOGO   

VALUATION CONSIDERATIONS


 

 

DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS—SUMMARY

 

LOGO

 

LOGO   28    


    LOGO   

VALUATION CONSIDERATIONS


 

 

EBITDA DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS—SENSITIVITY(a)

 

Present Value of Enterprise

(US$ in millions)

 

Discount

    Rate


   Terminal EBITDA Multiple

   5.0x

   6.0x

   7.0x

12.5%

   $ 109.8    $ 124.2    $ 138.7

15.0%

     99.3      112.2      125.1

17.5%

     90.2      101.7      113.2

 

Present Value of Equity

(US$ in millions)

 

Discount

    Rate


   Terminal EBITDA Multiple

   5.0x

   6.0x

   7.0x

12.5%

   $ 138.3    $ 152.8    $ 167.3

15.0%

     127.9      140.8      153.7

17.5%

     118.7      130.2      141.8

 

Implied Perpetual Growth Rate

 

Discount

    Rate


   Terminal EBITDA
Multiple


 
   5.0x

    6.0x

    7.0x

 

12.5%

   0.1 %   2.2 %   3.7 %

15.0%

   2.6 %   4.7 %   6.2 %

17.5%

   5.1 %   7.2 %   8.7 %

 

Present Value of Equity Per Share

(US$ in millions)

 

Discount

    Rate


   Terminal EBITDA Multiple

     5.0x

   6.0x

   7.0x

12.5%

   $ 11.43    $ 12.62    $ 13.82

15.0%

     10.57      11.63      12.70

17.5%

     9.81      10.76      11.71

(a) Discount rates are based on a range of rates around the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of a set of comparable companies.

 

LOGO   29    


    LOGO   

VALUATION CONSIDERATIONS


 

 

EBITDA DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS

 

Preliminary Discounted Cash Flow Analysis(a)(b)

(US$ in millions, except per share data)

 

     Historical

   Projected

   

CAGR

(2003-2008)


 

Fiscal Years ending December 31,


   2001

    2002

   2003

    2004

    2005

    2006

    2007

    2008

   

Net Sales

   $ 94.9     $ 99.5    $ 107.8     $ 116.0     $ 124.5     $ 133.7     $ 143.7     $ 154.5     7.5 %

EBITDA

     2.5       6.8      10.2       12.8       16.3       18.3       22.5       26.8     21.4 %

EBIT

     (1.4 )     0.6      4.3       6.8       11.2       15.3       19.5       23.8     41.1 %

Less: Taxes

     0.1       0.4      1.2       1.9       4.2       6.0       7.6       9.3        

EBIAT(c)

     (1.5 )     0.3      3.0       4.9       7.1       9.3       11.9       14.5        
    


 

  


 


 


 


 


 


     

Plus: Depreciation and Amortization

                    5.9       6.0       5.0       3.0       3.0       3.0        

Less: Capital Expenditures

                    (3.2 )     (3.0 )     (3.0 )     (3.0 )     (3.0 )     (3.0 )      

Less: Increase in Working Capital

                    (1.3 )     0.1       0.5       0.4       0.5       0.5        
                   


 


 


 


 


 


     

Unlevered Free Cash Flow(d)

                    1.1       7.9       9.6       9.7       12.3       15.0        
                   


 


 


 


 


 


     

 

Discount Rate (e)    12.5%

    15.0%

    17.5%

 

Assumed Terminal EBITDA Multiple


   5.0x

    6.0x

    7.0x

    5.0x

    6.0x

    7.0x

    5.0x

    6.0x

    7.0x

 

Terminal Year EBITDA

   $ 26.8     $ 26.8     $ 26.8     $ 26.8     $ 26.8     $ 26.8     $ 26.8     $ 26.8     $ 26.8  

Terminal Value

     134.2       161.1       187.9       134.2       161.1       187.9       134.2       161.1       187.9  

PV of Terminal Value

     72.3       86.8       101.3       64.4       77.3       90.2       57.6       69.1       80.6  

PV of Free Cash Flows

     37.4       37.4       37.4       34.9       34.9       34.9       32.6       32.6       32.6  
    


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Implied Enterprise Value

   $ 109.8     $ 124.2     $ 138.7     $ 99.3     $ 112.2     $ 125.1     $ 90.2     $ 101.7     $ 113.2  
    


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Less: Total Debt(f)

     (0.3 )     (0.3 )     (0.3 )     (0.3 )     (0.3 )     (0.3 )     (0.3 )     (0.3 )     (0.3 )

Plus: Cash & Equivalents(f)

     28.8       28.8       28.8       28.8       28.8       28.8       28.8       28.8       28.8  
    


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Implied Equity Value

   $ 138.3     $ 152.8     $ 167.3     $ 127.9     $ 140.8     $ 153.7     $ 118.7     $ 130.2     $ 141.8  
    


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Equity Value per Diluted Share

   $ 11.43     $ 12.62     $ 13.82     $ 10.57     $ 11.63     $ 12.70     $ 9.81     $ 10.76     $ 11.71  

(a) Valuation date is 9/30/03. Cash flows discounted to present applying the full year convention
(b) 2003 to 2008 per management estimates as of October 6, 2003.
(c) EBIAT is defined as earnings before interest after tax.
(d) 2003 free cash flow has been pro rated for portion of fiscal year remaining from the valuation date of 9/30/03.
(e) Based on weighted average cost of capital of comparable companies.
(f) Per balance sheet dated 9/30/03.

 

LOGO   30    


    LOGO   

VALUATION CONSIDERATIONS


 

 

REVENUE DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS—SENSIVITY(a)

 

Present Value of Enterprise

(US$ in millions)

 

Discount
    Rate


   Terminal Revenue Multiple

   0.7x

   0.9x

   1.1x

12.5%

   $ 95.7    $ 112.4    $ 129.0

15.0%

     86.8      101.7      116.5

17.5%

     79.0      92.2      105.5

 

Present Value of Equity

(US$ in millions)

 

Discount
    Rate


   Terminal Revenue Multiple

   0.7x

   0.9x

   1.1x

12.5%

   $ 124.3    $ 140.9    $ 157.6

15.0%

     115.4      130.2      145.0

17.5%

     107.5      120.8      134.0

 

Implied Perpetual Growth Rate

 

Discount
    Rate


   Terminal Revenue
Multiple


 
   0.7x

    0.9x

    1.1x

 

12.5%

   (2.9 )%   0.6 %   2.7 %

15.0%

   (0.4 )%   3.1 %   5.2 %

17.5%

   2.1 %   5.6 %   7.7 %

 

Present Value of Equity Per Share

(US$ in millions)

 

Discount
    Rate


   Terminal Revenue Multiple

   0.7x

   0.9x

   1.1x

12.5%

   $ 10.27    $ 11.64    $ 13.02

15.0%

     9.53      10.76      11.98

17.5%

     8.88      9.98      11.07

(a) Discount rates are based on a range of rates around the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of a set of comparable companies.

 

LOGO   31    


    LOGO   

VALUATION CONSIDERATIONS


 

 

REVENUE DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS

 

Preliminary Discounted Cash Flow Analysis(a)(b)

(US$ in millions, except per share data)

 

Fiscal Years ending December 31,


   Historical

   Projected

   

CAGR

(2003-2008)


 
   2001

    2002

   2003

    2004

    2005

    2006

    2007

    2008

   

Net Sales

   $ 94.9     $ 99.5    $ 107.8     $ 116.0     $ 124.5     $ 133.7     $ 143.7     $ 154.5     7.5 %

EBITDA

     2.5       6.8      10.2       12.8       16.3       18.3       22.5       26.8     21.4 %

EBIT

     (1.4 )     0.6      4.3       6.8       11.2       15.3       19.5       23.8     41.1 %

Less: Taxes

     0.1       0.4      1.2       1.9       4.2       6.0       7.6       9.3        

EBIAT(c)

     (1.5 )     0.3      3.0       4.9       7.1       9.3       11.9       14.5        
    


 

  


 


 


 


 


 


     

Plus: Depreciation and Amortization

                    5.9       6.0       5.0       3.0       3.0       3.0        

Less: Capital Expenditures

                    (3.2 )     (3.0 )     (3.0 )     (3.0 )     (3.0 )     (3.0 )      

Less: Increase in Working Capital

                    (1.3 )     0.1       0.5       0.4       0.5       0.5        
                   


 


 


 


 


 


     

Unlevered Free Cash Flow(d)

                    1.1       7.9       9.6       9.7       12.3       15.0        
                   


 


 


 


 


 


     

 

Discount Rate (e)

Assumed Terminal Revenue
Multiple


   12.5%

    15.0%

    17.5%

 
   0.7x

    0.9x

    1.1x

    0.7x

    0.9x

    1.1x

    0.7x

    0.9x

    1.1x

 

Terminal Year Revenue

   $ 154.5     $ 154.5     $ 154.5     $ 154.5     $ 154.5     $ 154.5     $ 154.5     $ 154.5     $ 154.5  

Terminal Value

     108.1       139.0       169.9       108.1       139.0       169.9       108.1       139.0       169.9  

PV of Terminal Value

     58.3       74.9       91.6       51.9       66.8       81.6       46.4       59.6       72.9  

PV of Free Cash Flows

     37.4       37.4       37.4       34.9       34.9       34.9       32.6       32.6       32.6  
    


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Implied Enterprise Value

   $ 95.7     $ 112.4     $ 129.0     $ 86.8     $ 101.7     $ 116.5     $ 79.0     $ 92.2     $ 105.5  
    


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Less: Total Debt(f)

     (0.3 )     (0.3 )     (0.3 )     (0.3 )     (0.3 )     (0.3 )     (0.3 )     (0.3 )     (0.3 )

Plus: Cash & Equivalents(f)

     28.8       28.8       28.8       28.8       28.8       28.8       28.8       28.8       28.8  
    


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Implied Equity Value

   $ 124.3     $ 140.9     $ 157.6     $ 115.4     $ 130.2     $ 145.0     $ 107.5     $ 120.8     $ 134.0  
    


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Equity Value per Diluted Share

   $ 10.27     $ 11.64     $ 13.02     $ 9.53     $ 10.76     $ 11.98     $ 8.88     $ 9.98     $ 11.07  

(a) Valuation date is 9/30/03. Cash flows discounted to present applying the full year convention.
(b) 2003 to 2008 per management estimates as of October 6, 2003.
(c) EBIAT is defined as earnings before interest after tax.
(d) 2003 free cash flow has been pro rated for portion of fiscal year remaining from the valuation date of 9/30/03.
(e) Based on weighted average cost of capital of comparable companies.
(f) Per balance sheet dated 9/30/03.

 

LOGO   32    


    LOGO   

 


 

 

DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW—CASTLE PROJECTIONS

 

Income Statement Items

(US$ in millions, except per share data)

 

     Historical

    Projected (a)

 
     2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

    2004

    2005

    2006

    2007

    2008

 

Revenues

   $ 95.2     $ 94.9     $ 99.5     $ 107.8     $ 116.0     $ 124.5     $ 133.7     $ 143.7     $ 154.5  

%Growth

     2.4 %     (0.3 )%     4.8 %     8.4 %     7.6 %     7.3 %     7.4 %     7.5 %     7.5 %

EBITDA

   $ 6.6     $ 2.5     $ 6.8     $ 10.2     $ 12.8     $ 16.3     $ 18.3     $ 22.5     $ 26.8  

%of Revenues

     7.0 %     2.6 %     6.8 %     9.4 %     11.0 %     13.1 %     13.7 %     15.6 %     17.4 %

EBIT

   $ 2.7     $ (1.4 )   $ 0.6     $ 4.3     $ 6.8     $ 11.2     $ 15.3     $ 19.5     $ 23.8  

%of Revenues

     2.8 %     (1.4 )%     0.6 %     4.0 %     5.8 %     9.0 %     11.4 %     13.5 %     15.4 %

Net Income

   $ 4.6     $ 1.3     $ 1.1     $ 3.7     $ 5.7     $ 8.5     $ 11.1     $ 14.1     $ 17.3  

%of Revenues

     4.9 %     1.3 %     1.1 %     3.4 %     4.9 %     6.8 %     8.3 %     9.8 %     11.2 %

 

Cash Flow Items

(US$ in millions, except per share data)

 

     Historical

    Projected (a)

 
     2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

    2004

    2005

    2006

    2007

    2008

 

Capital Expenditures

   $ 1.0     $ 2.9     $ 4.1     $ 3.2     $ 3.0     $ 3.0     $ 3.0     $ 3.0     $ 3.0  

%of Revenues

     1.1 %     3.1 %     4.1 %     3.0 %     2.6 %     2.4 %     2.2 %     2.1 %     1.9 %

Depreciation and Amortization

   $ 4.0     $ 3.8     $ 6.1     $ 5.9     $ 6.0     $ 5.0     $ 3.0     $ 3.0     $ 3.0  

%of Revenues

     4.2 %     4.0 %     6.2 %     5.5 %     5.2 %     4.0 %     2.2 %     2.1 %     1.9 %

Changes in Working Capital

   $ (5.1 )   $ 2.6     $ (1.2 )   $ 1.3     $ (0.1 )   $ (0.5 )   $ (0.4 )   $ (0.5 )   $ (0.5 )

%of Change in Revenues

     (227.2 )%     2.8 %     (25.6 )%     15.8 %     (0.9 )%     (6.0 )%     (4.1 )%     (4.5 )%     (4.4 )%

Free Cash Flow

   $ 8.6     $ 1.8     $ 3.5     $ 4.4     $ 7.9     $ 9.6     $ 9.7     $ 12.3     $ 15.0  

%of Revenues

     9.0 %     1.9 %     3.5 %     4.1 %     6.9 %     7.7 %     7.2 %     8.6 %     9.7 %

(a) CY2000-2002 per public filings; 2003 to 2008 per management estimates as of October 6, 2003.

 

LOGO   33    


    LOGO   

 


 

 

WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL CALCULATION

 

WACC

 

     Comparables

 

A. Cost of Debt (Kd)

          

Estimated Cost of Borrowing (1)

       7.5 %

Tax Rate (2)

       35.0 %
        

     Kd=   4.88 %
        

B. Cost of Equity (Ke)

          

Risk Free Rate (5 Year Treasuries) (3)

       3.1 %

Beta (4)

       1.17  

Market Risk Premium (5)

       10.5 %
        

     Ke=(6)   15.41 %
        

C. Weighted Average Cost of Capital (K)

          

Industry/Company Debt to Capitalization Ratio (7)

       3.4 %

Implicit Equity to Capitalization Ratio

       96.6 %
        

     K=   15.05 %
        


(1) SG Cowen estimate
(2) Per Castle management
(3) 5-year treasury yield as of October 6, 2003
(4) Beta equals relevered average of unlevered industry betas; Source: Bloomberg Raw Betas as of October 6, 2003.
(5) Based on Ibbotson research, (7% long-horizon equity risk premium + 3.53% micro-cap premium)
(6) Ke equals risk free rate plus the product of beta and market premium
(7) Industry debt/cap ratio derived from comparable companies

 

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LEVERAGED BUYOUT TRANSACTION SUMMARY(a)

 

CASTLE MBO Sources and Uses of Funds

(Dollars in millions)

Assumes Transaction Closes 12/31/03

 

Sources


        % of
Total


 

Cash

     28.8    19.3 %

Revolving Credit

     0.0    0.0 %

Senior Notes

     35.0    23.5 %

Senior Sub-Debt

     0.0    0.0 %

Mgt Rollover

     4.6    3.1 %

Preferred Equity

     0.0    0.0 %

Common Equity

     80.6    54.1 %
    

      

Total Sources

   $ 149.0    100.0 %
    

      

Uses


        % of
Total


 

Increase in Cash

     —      0.0 %

Refinance Debt

     0.3    0.2 %

Acquisition of CASTLE Stock

     145.2    97.5 %

Transaction Fees

     3.5    2.3 %
    

      

Total Uses

   $ 149.0    100.0 %
    

      

 

CASTLE MBO Assumptions

 

Interest Rates


   PIK

   Int. Rate

    Ownership.

 

Cash Balances

          1.5 %   0.0 %

Revolving Credit

          6.5 %   0.0 %

Senior Notes

          7.0 %   0.0 %

Senior Sub-Debt

          14.0 %   0.0 %

Preferred Equity

          10.0 %   0.0 %

Castle Fully-Diluted Shares

          12.1        

Price per Share

        $ 12.00        

Mgt Equity(b)

          0.4     MM Shares  

Mgt Rollover as %of Mgt Equity

          100 %      

 

Acquisition Multiples

 

Enterprise Value as a Multiple of


 

2003E Revenue

   1.08 x

2004E Revenue

   1.01  

2003E EBITDA

   11.5 x

2004E EBITDA

   9.1  

 

CASTLE Transaction Overview

(Dollars in millions)

Fiscal Year Ending December 31,

           Hist

   Projected

 
           2003

   2004

    2005

    2006

    2007

    2008

    2009

    2010

    2011

    2012

    2013

 

Net Sales

         $ 107.8    $ 116.0     $ 124.5     $ 133.7     $ 143.7     $ 154.5     $ 169.9     $ 186.9     $ 205.6     $ 226.2     $ 248.8  

EBITDA

           10.2      12.8       16.3       18.3       22.5       26.8       31.3       36.4       42.0       48.3       55.3  

Operating Income

           4.3      6.8       11.2       15.3       19.5       23.8       28.0       32.7       38.0       43.9       50.4  

Total Debt

         $ —      $ 29.3     $ 21.3     $ 12.6     $ 1.0     $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —    

Total Net Debt

           —        29.3       21.3       12.6       1.0       (13.7 )     (31.2 )     (51.7 )     (75.5 )     (103.2 )     (135.1 )

Total Debt/EBITDA

                  2.3 x     1.3 x     0.7 x     0.0 x     0.0 x     0.0 x     0.0 x     0.0 x     0.0 x     0.0 x

Total Debt/EBITDA—Capex

                  3.0       1.6       0.8       0.1       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0  

EBITDA/Cash Interest Expense

                  5.2       7.9       12.3       25.4       NM       NM       NM       NM       NM       NM  

EBITDA—Cap. Ex./Cash Interest

                  4.0       6.5       10.3       22.0       NM       NM       NM       NM       NM       NM  

Senior Debt/Total Capitalization

                  25.0 %     18.6 %     11.1 %     0.9 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %

Senior Debt/Initial Senior Debt

                  83.8 %     60.8 %     36.1 %     3.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %

Total Debt/Total Capitalization

                  25.0 %     18.6 %     11.1 %     0.9 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %

Returns to Senior Notes

                                                                                             

EBITDA Exit Multiple:

   5.0 x            7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %
     6.0              7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %
     7.0              7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %     7.0 %

Returns to Common Equity

                                                                                             

EBITDA Exit Multiple:

   5.0 x            -16.1 %     -2.6 %     6.9 %     11.7 %     14.1 %     15.5 %     16.3 %     16.8 %     17.1 %     NM  
     6.0              -5.4 %     4.4 %     11.9 %     15.5 %     17.1 %     17.9 %     18.3 %     18.5 %     18.5 %     NM  
     7.0              4.2 %     10.6 %     16.4 %     18.8 %     19.7 %     20.1 %     20.1 %     20.0 %     19.9 %     NM  

(a) Based on capitalization assumptions set forth in Guard’s offer dated July 28, 2003 with interest assumptions per SG Cowen.
(b) Management equity based on options to purchase shares of Castle held by messrs. Foy, Provenzano, Breslauer and Tellez and $2 million of Mr. Asen’s holdings using the treasury stock method.

 

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APPENDIX

 

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FORM OF SG COWEN FAIRNESS OPINION

 

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