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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
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[X] | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020
OR
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[ ] | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Transition period from ________ to ________
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Commission File Number | Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter, state of incorporation, address of principal executive offices, telephone number | I.R.S. Employer Identification Number |
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1-16305 | PUGET ENERGY, INC. A Washington Corporation 355 110th Ave NE Bellevue, Washington 98004 (425) 454-6363 | 91-1969407 |
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1-4393 | PUGET SOUND ENERGY, INC. A Washington Corporation 355 110th Ave NE Bellevue, Washington 98004 (425) 454-6363 | 91-0374630 |
Securities Registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
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Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants: (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
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Puget Energy, Inc. | Yes | /X/ | No | / / | | Puget Sound Energy, Inc. | Yes | /X/ | No | / / |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants have submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
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Puget Energy, Inc. | Yes | /X/ | No | / / | | Puget Sound Energy, Inc. | Yes | /X/ | No | / / |
Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer," a smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Puget Energy, Inc. | Large accelerated filer | / / | Accelerated filer | / / | Non-accelerated filer | /X/ | Smaller reporting company | / / | Emerging growth company | / / |
Puget Sound Energy, Inc. | Large accelerated filer | / / | Accelerated filer | / / | Non-accelerated filer | /X/ | Smaller reporting company | / / | Emerging growth company | / / |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. / /
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
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Puget Energy, Inc. | Yes | / / | No | /X/ | | Puget Sound Energy, Inc. | Yes | / / | No | /X/ |
All of the outstanding shares of voting stock of Puget Energy, Inc. are held by Puget Equico LLC, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Puget Holdings LLC. All of the outstanding shares of voting stock of Puget Sound Energy, Inc. are held by Puget Energy, Inc.
Table of Contents
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DEFINITIONS
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ARO | Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations |
ASU | Accounting Standards Update |
ASC | Accounting Standards Codification |
EBITDA | Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization |
EIM | Energy Imbalance Market |
ERF | Expedited Rate Filing |
FASB | Financial Accounting Standards Board |
GAAP | U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles |
GRC | General Rate Case |
ISDA | International Swaps and Derivatives Association |
LIBOR | London Interbank Offered Rate |
LNG | Liquefied Natural Gas |
MMBtu | One Million British Thermal Units |
MWh | Megawatt Hour (one MWh equals one thousand kWh) |
NAESB | North American Energy Standards Board |
NPNS | Normal Purchase Normal Sale |
PCA | Power Cost Adjustment |
PCORC | Power Cost Only Rate Case |
PGA | Purchased Gas Adjustment |
PTC | Production Tax Credit |
PSE | Puget Sound Energy, Inc. |
Puget Energy | Puget Energy, Inc. |
Puget Holdings | Puget Holdings, LLC |
Puget LNG | Puget Liquid Natural Gas, LLC |
REP | Residential Exchange Program |
SERP | Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan |
TCJA | Tax Cuts and Jobs Act |
Washington Commission | Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission |
WSPP | WSPP, Inc. |
FILING FORMAT
This report on Form 10-Q is a Quarterly Report filed separately by two registrants, Puget Energy, Inc. (Puget Energy) and Puget Sound Energy, Inc. (PSE). Any references in this report to “the Company” are to Puget Energy and PSE collectively.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Puget Energy and PSE include the following cautionary statements in this Form 10-Q to make applicable and to take advantage of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of Puget Energy or PSE. This report includes forward-looking statements, which are statements of expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives and assumptions of future events or performance. Words or phrases such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “continues,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “future,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “will likely result,” “will continue” or similar expressions are intended to identify certain of these forward-looking statements and may be included in discussion of, among other things, our anticipated operating or financial performance, business plans and prospects, planned capital expenditures and other future expectations. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, business plans and prospects, future performance expenses, the outcome of contingencies, such as legal proceedings, government regulation and financial results.
Forward-looking statements reflect current expectations and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed. There can be no assurance that Puget Energy’s and PSE’s expectations, beliefs or projections will be achieved or accomplished.
In addition to other factors and matters discussed elsewhere in this report, some important risks that could cause actual results or outcomes for Puget Energy and PSE to differ materially from past results and those discussed in the forward-looking statements include:
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● | Governmental policies and regulatory actions, including those of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (Washington Commission), that may affect our ability to recover costs and earn a reasonable return, including but not limited to disallowance or delays in the recovery of capital investments and operating costs and discretion over allowed return on investment; |
● | Changes in, adoption of and compliance with laws and regulations, including decisions and policies concerning the environment, climate change, greenhouse gas or other emissions or by products of electric generation (including coal ash or other substances), natural resources, and fish and wildlife (including the Endangered Species Act) as well as the risk of litigation arising from such matters, whether involving public or private claimants or regulatory investigative or enforcement measures; |
● | Changes in tax law, related regulations or differing interpretation, or enforcement of applicable law by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or other taxing jurisdiction; and PSE's ability to recover costs in a timely manner arising from such changes; |
● | Inability to realize deferred tax assets and use production tax credits (PTCs) due to insufficient future taxable income; |
● | Accidents or natural disasters, such as hurricanes, windstorms, earthquakes, floods, fires and landslides, and other acts of God, terrorism, asset-based or cyber-based attacks, pandemic or similar significant events, which can interrupt service and lead to lost revenue, cause temporary supply disruptions and/or price spikes in the cost of fuel and raw materials and impose extraordinary costs; |
● | The impact of widespread health developments, including the recent global coronavirus (COVID–19) pandemic, and responses to such developments (such as voluntary and mandatory quarantines, including government stay at home orders, as well as shut downs and other restrictions on travel, commercial, social and other activities) could materially and adversely affect, among other things, electric and natural gas demand, customers’ ability to pay, supply chains, availability of skilled work-force, contract counterparties, liquidity and financial markets;
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● | Commodity price risks associated with procuring natural gas and power in wholesale markets from creditworthy counterparties; |
● | Wholesale market disruption, which may result in a deterioration of market liquidity, increase the risk of counterparty default, affect the regulatory and legislative process in unpredictable ways, negatively affect wholesale energy prices and/or impede PSE's ability to manage its energy portfolio risks and procure energy supply, affect the availability and access to capital and credit markets and/or impact delivery of energy to PSE from its suppliers; |
● | Financial difficulties of other energy companies and related events, which may affect the regulatory and legislative process in unpredictable ways, adversely affect the availability of and access to capital and credit markets and/or impact delivery of energy to PSE from its suppliers; |
● | The effect of wholesale market structures (including, but not limited to, regional market designs or transmission organizations) or other related federal initiatives; |
● | PSE electric or natural gas distribution system failure, blackouts or large curtailments of transmission systems (whether PSE's or others'), or failure of the interstate natural gas pipeline delivering to PSE's system, all of which can affect PSE's ability to deliver power or natural gas to its customers and generating facilities; |
● | Electric plant generation and transmission system outages, which can have an adverse impact on PSE's expenses with respect to repair costs, added costs to replace energy or higher costs associated with dispatching a more expensive generation resource; |
● | The ability to restart generation following a regional transmission disruption; |
● | The ability of a natural gas or electric plant to operate as intended; |
● | Changes in climate or weather conditions in the Pacific Northwest, which could have effects on customer usage and PSE's revenue and expenses; |
● | Regional or national weather, which could impact PSE's ability to procure adequate supplies of natural gas, fuel or purchased power to serve its customers and the cost of procuring such supplies; |
● | Variable hydrological conditions, which can impact streamflow and PSE's ability to generate electricity from hydroelectric facilities; |
● | Variable wind conditions, which can impact PSE's ability to generate electricity from wind facilities; |
● | The ability to renew contracts for electric and natural gas supply and the price of renewal; |
● | Industrial, commercial and residential growth and demographic patterns in the service territories of PSE; |
● | General economic conditions in the Pacific Northwest, which may impact customer consumption or affect PSE's accounts receivable; |
● | The loss of significant customers, changes in the business of significant customers or the condemnation of PSE's facilities as a result of municipalization or other government action or negotiated settlement, which may result in changes in demand for PSE's services; |
● | The failure of information systems or the failure to secure information system data, which may impact the operations and cost of PSE's customer service, generation, distribution and transmission; |
● | Opposition and social activism that may hinder PSE's ability to perform work or construct infrastructure; |
● | Capital market conditions, including changes in the availability of capital and interest rate fluctuations; |
● | Employee workforce factors including strikes; work stoppages; absences due to pandemics, accidents, natural disasters or other significant, unforeseeable events; availability of qualified employees or the loss of a key executive; |
● | The ability to obtain insurance coverage, the availability of insurance for certain specific losses, and the cost of such insurance; |
● | The ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting and operational processes; |
● | Changes in Puget Energy's or PSE's credit ratings, which may have an adverse impact on the availability and cost of capital for Puget Energy or PSE generally; and |
● | Deteriorating values of the equity, fixed income and other markets which could significantly impact the value of investments of PSE's retirement plan, post-retirement medical benefit plan trusts and the funding of obligations thereunder. |
Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and, except as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all such factors, nor can it assess the impact of any such factor on the business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. For further information, see Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
PUGET ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)
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| Three Months Ended March 31, | | |
| 2020 | | 2019 |
Operating revenue: | | | |
Electric | $ | 669,090 | | | $ | 798,928 | |
Natural Gas | 371,031 | | 304,668 |
Other | 6,009 | | 11,243 |
Total operating revenue | 1,046,130 | | | 1,114,839 | |
Operating expenses: | | | |
Energy costs: | | | |
Purchased electricity | 165,742 | | 270,702 |
Electric generation fuel | 63,624 | | 77,199 |
Residential exchange | (24,634) | | (25,163) |
Purchased natural gas | 154,876 | | 99,387 |
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net | 48,541 | | (15,187) |
Utility operations and maintenance | 154,922 | | 157,955 |
Non-utility expense and other | 12,962 | | 13,757 |
Depreciation & Amortization | 164,816 | | 180,697 |
Conservation amortization | 27,393 | | 33,286 |
Taxes other than income taxes | 105,504 | | 108,746 |
Total operating expenses | 873,746 | | | 901,379 | |
Operating income(loss) | 172,384 | | 213,460 |
Other income (expense): | | | |
Other income | 14,059 | | 13,564 |
Other expense | (2,282) | | (1,776) |
Interest charges: | | | |
AFUDC | 3,643 | | 3,350 |
Interest expense | (88,884) | | (88,016) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 98,920 | | 140,582 |
Income tax (benefit) expense | 3,984 | | 8,428 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 94,936 | | | $ | 132,154 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
PUGET ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)
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| Three Months Ended March 31, | | |
| 2020 | | 2019 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 94,936 | | | $ | 132,154 | |
Other comprehensive income (loss): | | | |
Net unrealized gain (loss) from pension and postretirement plans, net of tax of $1,373 and $25, respectively | 5,170 | | 92 |
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Other comprehensive income (loss) | 5,170 | | 92 |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 100,106 | | | $ | 132,246 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
PUGET ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)
ASSETS
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 |
Utility plant (at original cost, including construction work in progress of $649,600 and $591,199 respectively): | | | |
Electric plant | $ | 8,916,451 | | | $ | 8,811,889 | |
Natural gas plant | 4,000,428 | | | 3,916,040 | |
Common plant | 1,104,162 | | | 1,096,649 | |
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (3,355,008) | | | (3,236,240) | |
Net utility plant | 10,666,033 | | | 10,588,338 | |
Other property and investments: | | | |
Goodwill | 1,656,513 | | 1,656,513 |
Other property and investments | 285,262 | | 286,975 |
Total other property and investments | 1,941,775 | | | 1,943,488 | |
Current assets: | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | 10,614 | | 45,259 |
Restricted cash | 31,388 | | 20,887 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $9,814 and $8,294, respectively | 320,525 | | 316,352 |
Unbilled revenue | 196,364 | | 224,657 |
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Materials and supplies, at average cost | 114,612 | | 115,684 |
Fuel and natural gas inventory, at average cost | 37,586 | | 52,083 |
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments | 14,906 | | 23,626 |
Prepaid expense and other | 27,253 | | 27,504 |
Power contract acquisition adjustment gain | 10,769 | | 9,067 |
Total current assets | 764,017 | | | 835,119 | |
Other long-term and regulatory assets: | | | |
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Power cost adjustment mechanism | 46,278 | | 41,745 |
Purchased gas adjustment receivable | 91,337 | | 132,766 |
Regulatory assets related to power contracts | 13,731 | | 14,146 |
Other regulatory assets | 665,927 | | 673,021 |
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments | 3,718 | | 7,682 |
Power contract acquisition adjustment gain | 91,295 | | 147,530 |
Operating lease right-of-use asset | 180,188 | | 183,048 |
Other | 89,665 | | 92,980 |
Total other long-term and regulatory assets | 1,182,139 | | 1,292,918 |
Total assets | $ | 14,553,964 | | | $ | 14,659,863 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
PUGET ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)
CAPITALIZATION AND LIABILITIES
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| March 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 |
Capitalization | | | |
Common shareholder’s equity: | | | |
Common stock $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized, 200 shares outstanding | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Additional paid-in capital | 3,308,957 | | | 3,308,957 | |
Retained earnings | 847,782 | | | 775,491 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (78,979) | | | (84,149) | |
Total common shareholder’s equity | 4,077,760 | | | 4,000,299 | |
Long-term debt: | | | |
First mortgage bonds and senior notes | 4,212,000 | | 4,212,000 |
Pollution control bonds | 161,860 | | 161,860 |
| | | |
Long-term debt | 1,765,500 | | 1,758,100 |
Debt discount issuance costs and other | (208,542) | | (211,635) |
Total long-term debt | 5,930,818 | | 5,920,325 |
Total capitalization | 10,008,578 | | | 9,920,624 | |
Current liabilities: | | | |
Accounts payable | 279,048 | | 325,913 |
Short-term debt | 76,000 | | 176,000 |
Current maturities of long-term debt | 452,412 | | 452,412 |
| | | |
Accrued expenses: | | | |
Taxes | 121,157 | | 99,979 |
Salaries and wages | 32,853 | | 50,091 |
Interest | 80,001 | | 74,855 |
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments | 41,709 | | 13,428 |
Power contract acquisition adjustment loss | 2,332 | | 2,418 |
Operating lease liabilities | 16,183 | | 15,862 |
Other | 111,538 | | 107,809 |
Total current liabilities | 1,213,233 | | | 1,318,767 | |
Other long-term and regulatory liabilities: | | | |
Deferred income taxes | 841,871 | | 824,720 |
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments | 29,506 | | 12,693 |
Regulatory liabilities | 705,212 | | 730,879 |
Regulatory liability for deferred income taxes | 939,004 | | 946,179 |
Regulatory liabilities related to power contracts | 102,064 | | 156,597 |
Power contract acquisition adjustment loss | 11,399 | | 11,728 |
Operating lease liabilities | 170,638 | | 174,327 |
Other deferred credits | 532,459 | | 563,349 |
Total long-term and regulatory liabilities | 3,332,153 | | 3,420,472 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) | | | |
Total capitalization and liabilities | $ | 14,553,964 | | | $ | 14,659,863 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
PUGET ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMMON SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)
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| Common Stock | | | | Additional | | | | Accumulated Other | | |
| Shares | | Amount | | Paid-in capital | | Retained Earnings | | Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | Total Equity |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 200 | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,308,957 | | | $ | 629,003 | | | $ | (77,202) | | | $ | 3,860,758 | |
Net income (loss) | — | | — | | — | | 132,154 | | — | | 132,154 |
Common stock dividend paid | — | | — | | — | | (35,994) | | — | | (35,994) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | | — | | — | | — | | 92 | | 92 |
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Balance at March 31, 2019 | 200 | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,308,957 | | | $ | 725,163 | | | $ | (77,110) | | | $ | 3,957,010 | |
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Balance at December 31, 2019 | 200 | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,308,957 | | | $ | 775,491 | | | $ | (84,149) | | | $ | 4,000,299 | |
Net income (loss) | — | | — | | — | | 94,936 | | — | | 94,936 |
Common stock dividend paid | — | | — | | — | | (22,645) | | — | | (22,645) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | | — | | — | | — | | 5,170 | | 5,170 |
Balance at March 31, 2020 | 200 | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,308,957 | | | | $ | 847,782 | | | | $ | (78,979) | | | | $ | 4,077,760 | |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
PUGET ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | | |
| 2020 | | 2019 |
Operating activities: | | | |
Net Income (loss) | $ | 94,936 | | | $ | 132,154 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | 164,816 | | 180,697 |
Conservation amortization | 27,393 | | 33,286 |
Deferred income taxes and tax credits, net | 8,602 | | 11,401 |
Net unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments | 48,541 | | (15,187) |
AFUDC - equity | (5,603) | | (3,597) |
Production tax credit utilization | (23,543) | | (27,131) |
Other non-cash | (6,075) | | 3,722 |
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Regulatory assets and liabilities | (16,865) | | (15,838) |
Purchased gas adjustment | 41,429 | | (137,092) |
Other long term assets and liabilities | (27,016) | | (13,463) |
Change in certain current assets and liabilities: | | | |
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenue | 24,120 | | (24,413) |
Materials and supplies | 1,072 | | (4,063) |
Fuel and natural gas inventory | 14,497 | | 13,190 |
Prepayments and other | 251 | | (5,964) |
Purchased gas adjustment | — | | 9,921 |
Accounts payable | (45,236) | | 45,827 |
Taxes payable | 21,178 | | 11,140 |
Other | (11,126) | | 3,607 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 311,371 | | | 198,197 | |
Investing activities: | | | |
Construction expenditures - excluding equity AFUDC | (223,707) | | (227,807) |
Other | (233) | | 264 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (223,940) | | | (227,543) | |
Financing activities: | | | |
Change in short-term debt, net | (100,000) | | 52,703 |
Dividends paid | (22,645) | | (35,994) |
Proceeds from long-term debt and bonds issued | 7,400 | | 13,400 |
| | | |
Other | 3,670 | | 6,714 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (111,575) | | 36,823 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (24,144) | | 7,477 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period | 66,146 | | 55,562 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 42,002 | | | $ | 63,039 | |
Supplemental cash flow information: | | | |
Cash payments for interest (net of capitalized interest) | $ | 78,636 | | | $ | 46,036 | |
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Non-cash financing and investing activities: | | | |
Accounts payable for capital expenditures eliminated from cash flows | $ | 56,699 | | | $ | 77,400 | |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
PUGET SOUND ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | | |
| 2020 | | 2019 |
Operating revenue: | | | |
Electric | $ | 669,090 | | | $ | 798,928 | |
Natural Gas | 371,031 | | 304,668 |
Other | 6,009 | | 11,243 |
Total operating revenue | 1,046,130 | | 1,114,839 |
Operating expenses: | | | |
Energy costs: | | | |
Purchased electricity | 165,742 | | 270,702 |
Electric generation fuel | 63,624 | | 77,199 |
Residential exchange | (24,634) | | (25,163) |
Purchased natural gas | 154,876 | | 99,387 |
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net | 48,541 | | (15,187) |
Utility operations and maintenance | 154,922 | | 157,955 |
Non-utility expense and other | 12,735 | | 13,077 |
Depreciation & Amortization | 164,771 | | 180,678 |
Conservation amortization | 27,393 | | 33,286 |
Taxes other than income taxes | 105,504 | | 108,746 |
Total operating expenses | 873,474 | | 900,680 |
Operating income(loss) | 172,656 | | 214,159 |
Other income (expense): | | | |
Other income | 11,283 | | 10,549 |
Other expense | (2,282) | | (1,776) |
Interest charges: | | | |
AFUDC | 3,643 | | 3,350 |
Interest expense | (60,714) | | (60,150) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 124,586 | | 166,132 |
Income tax (benefit) expense | 13,265 | | 18,830 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 111,321 | | | $ | 147,302 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
PUGET SOUND ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | | |
| 2020 | | 2019 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 111,321 | | | $ | 147,302 | |
Other comprehensive income(loss): | | | |
Net unrealized gain (loss) from pension and postretirement plans, net of tax of $2,047 and $668, respectively | 7,710 | | 2,510 |
| | | |
| | | |
Amortization of treasury interest rate swaps to earnings, net of tax of $26 and $26, respectively | 96 | | 96 |
| | | |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 7,806 | | 2,606 |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 119,127 | | | $ | 149,908 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
PUGET SOUND ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)
ASSETS
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 |
Utility plant (at original cost, including construction work in progress of $649,600 and $591,199 respectively): | | | |
Electric plant | $ | 10,768,636 | | | $ | 10,671,328 | |
Natural Gas plant | 4,561,810 | | | 4,478,048 | |
Common plant | 1,128,888 | | | 1,121,568 | |
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (5,793,301) | | | (5,682,606) | |
Net utility plant | 10,666,033 | | | 10,588,338 | |
Other property and investments: | | | |
| | | |
Other property and investments | 80,929 | | | 81,112 | |
Total other property and investments | 80,929 | | | 81,112 | |
Current assets: | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | 9,433 | | | 44,004 | |
Restricted cash | 31,388 | | | 20,887 | |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $9,814 and $8,294, respectively | 321,630 | | | 319,229 | |
Unbilled revenue | 196,364 | | | 224,657 | |
| | | |
Materials and supplies, at average cost | 114,612 | | | 115,684 | |
Fuel and natural gas inventory, at average cost | 36,321 | | | 50,818 | |
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments | 14,906 | | | 23,626 | |
Prepaid expense and other | 27,253 | | | 27,504 | |
| | | |
Total current assets | 751,907 | | | 826,409 | |
Other long-term and regulatory assets: | | | |
| | | |
| | | |
Power cost adjustment mechanism | 46,278 | | | 41,745 | |
Purchased gas adjustment receivable | 91,337 | | | 132,766 | |
| | | |
Other regulatory assets | 665,927 | | | 673,021 | |
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments | 3,718 | | | 7,682 | |
| | | |
Operating lease right-of-use asset | 180,188 | | | 183,048 | |
Other | 87,743 | | | 90,924 | |
Total other long-term and regulatory assets | 1,075,191 | | | 1,129,186 | |
Total assets | $ | 12,574,060 | | | $ | 12,625,045 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
PUGET SOUND ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)
CAPITALIZATION AND LIABILITIES
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 |
Capitalization: | | | | | |
Common shareholder’s equity: | | | | | |
Common stock $0.01 par value – 150,000,000 shares authorized, 85,903,791 shares outstanding | $ | 859 | | | $ | 859 | |
Additional paid-in capital | 3,485,105 | | | 3,485,105 | |
Retained earnings | 808,720 | | | 751,193 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (180,671) | | | (188,477) | |
Total common shareholder’s equity | 4,114,013 | | | 4,048,680 | |
Long-term debt: | | | | | |
First mortgage bonds and senior notes | 4,212,000 | | | 4,212,000 | |
Pollution control bonds | 161,860 | | | 161,860 | |
| | | |
| | | |
Debt discount, issuance costs and other | (37,248) | | | (37,718) | |
Total long-term debt | 4,336,612 | | | 4,336,142 | |
Total capitalization | 8,450,625 | | | 8,384,822 | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | |
Accounts payable | 288,150 | | | 325,980 | |
Short-term debt | 76,000 | | | 176,000 | |
Current maturities of long-term debt | 2,412 | | | 2,412 | |
| | | |
Accrued expenses: | | | | | |
Taxes | 126,827 | | | 99,977 | |
Salaries and wages | 32,853 | | | 50,091 | |
Interest | 57,582 | | | 48,917 | |
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments | 41,709 | | | 13,428 | |
| | | |
Operating lease liabilities | 16,183 | | | 15,862 | |
Other | 111,538 | | | 107,809 | |
Total current liabilities | 753,254 | | | 840,476 | |
Other long-term and regulatory liabilities: | | | | | |
Deferred income taxes | 998,630 | | | 977,163 | |
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments | 29,506 | | | 12,693 | |
Regulatory liabilities | 703,947 | | | 729,614 | |
Regulatory liabilities for deferred income tax | 939,759 | | | 946,936 | |
| | | |
| | | |
Operating lease liabilities | 170,638 | | | 174,327 | |
Other deferred credits | 527,701 | | | 559,014 | |
Total long-term and regulatory liabilities | 3,370,181 | | | 3,399,747 | |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) | | | | | |
Total capitalization and liabilities | $ | 12,574,060 | | | $ | 12,625,045 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
PUGET SOUND ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMMON SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Stock | | | | Additional | | | | Accumulated Other | | |
| Shares | | Amount | | Paid-in capital | | Retained Earnings | | Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | Total Equity |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 85,903,791 | | $ | 859 | | | $ | 3,275,105 | | | $ | 622,844 | | | $ | (190,884) | | | $ | 3,707,924 | |
Net income (loss) | — | | — | | | — | | | 147,302 | | | — | | | 147,302 | |
Common stock dividend paid | — | | — | | | — | | | (64,604) | | | — | | | (64,604) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,606 | | | 2,606 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at March 31, 2019 | 85,903,791 | | $ | 859 | | | $ | 3,275,105 | | | $ | 705,542 | | | $ | (188,278) | | | $ | 3,793,228 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2019 | 85,903,791 | | $ | 859 | | | $ | 3,485,105 | | | $ | 751,193 | | | $ | (188,477) | | | $ | 4,048,680 | |
Net income (loss) | — | | — | | | — | | | 111,321 | | | — | | | 111,321 | |
Common stock dividend paid | — | | — | | | — | | | (53,794) | | | — | | | (53,794) | |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 7,806 | | | 7,806 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at March 31, 2020 | 85,903,791 | | $ | 859 | | | $ | 3,485,105 | | | $ | 808,720 | | | $ | (180,671) | | | $ | 4,114,013 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
PUGET SOUND ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | | |
| 2020 | | 2019 |
Operating activities: | | | |
Net Income (loss) | $ | 111,321 | | | $ | 147,302 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | 164,771 | | | 180,678 | |
Conservation amortization | 27,393 | | | 33,286 | |
Deferred income taxes and tax credits, net | 12,215 | | | 19,293 | |
Net unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments | 48,541 | | | (15,187) | |
AFUDC - equity | (5,603) | | | (3,597) | |
Production tax credit utilization | (23,543) | | | (27,131) | |
Other non-cash | (8,711) | | | 1,109 | |
| | | |
Regulatory assets and liabilities | (16,865) | | | (15,838) | |
Purchased gas adjustment | 41,429 | | | (137,092) | |
Other long term assets and liabilities | (23,801) | | | (11,959) | |
Change in certain current assets and liabilities: | | | | | |
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenue | 25,892 | | | (19,711) | |
Materials and supplies | 1,072 | | | (4,063) | |
Fuel and natural gas inventory | 14,497 | | | 13,190 | |
Prepayments and other | 251 | | | (5,964) | |
Purchased gas adjustment | — | | | 9,921 | |
Accounts payable | (36,201) | | | 45,714 | |
Taxes payable | 26,850 | | | 13,650 | |
Other | (7,607) | | | 8,006 | |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 351,901 | | | 231,607 | |
Investing activities: | | | | | |
Construction expenditures - excluding equity AFUDC | (225,612) | | | (218,006) | |
Other | (233) | | | 264 | |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (225,845) | | | (217,742) | |
Financing activities: | | | | | |
Change in short-term debt, net | (100,000) | | | 52,703 | |
Dividends paid | (53,794) | | | (64,604) | |
| | | |
| | | |
Other | 3,668 | | | 6,712 | |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (150,126) | | | (5,189) | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (24,070) | | | 8,676 | |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period | 64,891 | | | 53,493 | |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 40,821 | | | $ | 62,169 | |
Supplemental cash flow information: | | | | | |
Cash payments for interest (net of capitalized interest) | $ | 47,115 | | | $ | 43,181 | |
| | | |
Non-cash financing and investing activities: | | | | | |
Accounts payable for capital expenditures eliminated from cash flows | $ | 56,699 | | | $ | 77,400 | |
| | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
COMBINED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(1)Summary of Consolidation and Significant Accounting Policy
Basis of Presentation
Puget Energy is an energy services holding company that owns Puget Sound Energy. PSE is a public utility incorporated in the state of Washington that furnishes electric and natural gas services in a territory covering approximately 6,000 square miles, primarily in the Puget Sound region. Puget Energy also has a wholly-owned non-regulated subsidiary, Puget LNG, LLC, which has the sole purpose of owning, developing and financing the non-regulated activity of the Tacoma LNG facility, currently under construction. PSE and Puget LNG are considered related parties with similar ownership by Puget Energy. Therefore, capital and operating costs that are incurred by PSE and allocated to Puget LNG are related party transactions by nature.
In 2009, Puget Holdings, LLC (Puget Holdings), owned by a consortium of long-term infrastructure investors, completed its merger with Puget Energy (the merger). As a result of the merger, all of Puget Energy’s common stock is indirectly owned by Puget Holdings. The acquisition of Puget Energy was accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC 805, “Business Combinations”, as of the date of the merger. ASC 805 requires the acquirer to recognize and measure identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value as of the merger date.
The consolidated financial statements of Puget Energy reflect the accounts of Puget Energy and its subsidiaries. PSE’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PSE and its subsidiary. Puget Energy and PSE are collectively referred to herein as “the Company”. The consolidated financial statements are presented after elimination of all significant intercompany items and transactions. PSE’s consolidated financial statements continue to be accounted for on a historical basis and do not include any ASC 805, “Business Combinations” purchase accounting adjustments. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Allowance for Credit Losses
On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (ASC 326) which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including trade receivables, loan receivables, and held-to-maturity debt securities. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor in accordance with Topic 842 on leases. The only financial assets within the scope of ASU 2016-13 for the Company are trade receivables.
The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 using the modified retrospective method. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2020 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. The Company did not record an adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2020, for the cumulative effect of adopting ASU 2016-13, as the impact was immaterial.
Management measures expected credit losses on trade receivables on a collective basis by receivable type, which include electric retail receivables, gas retail receivables, and electric wholesale receivables. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable for the quarter ended March 31, 2020:
| | | | | |
| March 31, 2020 |
Allowance for credit losses: | |
Beginning balance | $ | 8,294 | |
Provision for credit loss expense | 4,894 | |
Receivables charged-off | (3,374) | |
| |
Total ending allowance balance | $ | 9,814 | |
Tacoma LNG Facility
In August 2015, PSE filed a proposal with the Washington Commission to develop an LNG facility at the Port of Tacoma.
Currently under construction at the Port of Tacoma, the facility is expected to be operational in 2021. The Tacoma LNG facility
is designed to provide peak-shaving services to PSE’s natural gas customers. By storing surplus natural gas, PSE is able to meet
the requirements of peak consumption. LNG will also provide fuel to transportation customers, particularly in the marine market. On January 24, 2018, Puget Sound Clean Air Agency (PSCAA) determined a Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) was necessary in order to rule on the air quality permit for the facility. As a result of requiring a SEIS, the Company's construction schedule was impacted. PSE received the SEIS which concluded the LNG facility would result in a net
decrease in GHG emissions providing, in part, that the natural gas for the facility was sourced from British Columbia or Alberta. On December 10, 2019, the PSCAA approved the Notice of Construction permit, a decision which has been appealed to the Washington Pollution Control Hearings Board by each of the Puyallup Tribe of Indians and nonprofit law firm Earthjustice.
If delayed, the construction schedule and costs may be adversely impacted. Pursuant to an order by the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (Washington Commission), PSE will be allocated approximately 43.0% of common capital and operating costs, consistent with the regulated portion of the Tacoma LNG facility. The remaining 57.0% of common capital and operating costs of the Tacoma LNG facility will be allocated to Puget LNG. Per this allocation of costs, $198.0 million and $199.9 million of construction work in progress related to Puget LNG's portion of the Tacoma LNG facility is reported in the Puget Energy "Other property and investments" line item as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Additionally, $0.3 million of operating costs are reported in the Puget Energy "Non-utility expense and other" financial statement line item for each of the three months ended March 31, 2020, and March 31, 2019, respectively. Additionally, $173.5 million and $162.8 million of construction work in progress related to PSE’s portion of the Tacoma LNG facility is reported in the PSE “Utility plant - Natural gas plant” financial statement line item as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, as PSE is a regulated entity.
(2) New Accounting Pronouncements
Credit Losses
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments". The amendments in the update change how entities account for credit losses on receivables and certain other assets. The guidance requires use of a current expected loss model, which may result in earlier recognition of credit losses than under previous accounting standards. ASU 2016-13 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2019. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including trade receivables. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor in accordance with Topic 842.
The Company adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2020, are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. Upon implementation as of January 1, 2020, the impact was immaterial and the Company did not record a transition adjustment to retained earnings.
Fair Value Measurement
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement". The amendments in this update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, based on the concepts in the Concepts Statement, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted this update as of January 1, 2020, and it impacted Note 5, "Fair Value Measurements". As the amendment contemplates changes in disclosures only, it has no material impact on the Company's results of operations, cash flows, or consolidated balance sheets.
Reference Rate Reform
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” (Issued March 2020): ASU 2020-04 provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the current guidance on contract modifications to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. The Company has term loans, credit agreements, and promissory notes that reference LIBOR. As of March 31, 2020, the Company has not utilized any of the
expedients discussed within this ASU, however, it continues to assess other agreements to determine if LIBOR is included and if the expedients would be utilized through the allowed period of December 2022.
Accounting Standards Issued but Not Yet Adopted
Retirement Benefits
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, "Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans". This update modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans through added, removed, and clarified requirements of relevant disclosures.
The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, for public business entities and for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2021, for all other entities. Accordingly, the Company will implement this update as of December 31, 2020. The Company is in the process of evaluating potential impacts of these amendments to the required annual retirement benefits disclosures.
(3) Revenue
The following table presents disaggregated revenue from contracts with customers, and other revenue by major source:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Energy and Puget Sound Energy | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | Three Months Ended March 31, | | |
Revenue from contracts with customers: | 2020 | | 2019 |
Electric retail | $ | 607,693 | | | $ | 637,189 | |
Natural gas retail | 365,637 | | | 322,560 | |
Other | 43,774 | | | 135,696 | |
Total revenue from contracts with customers | 1,017,104 | | | 1,095,445 | |
Alternative revenue programs | 1,150 | | | (25,231) | |
Other non-customer revenue | 27,876 | | | 44,625 | |
Total operating revenue | $ | 1,046,130 | | | $ | 1,114,839 | |
Revenue at PSE is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of a contract or tariff with our customers are satisfied. Performance obligations are satisfied generally through performance of PSE's obligation over time or with transfer of control of electric power, natural gas, and other revenue from contracts with customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods and services.
Electric and Natural Gas Retail Revenue
Electric and natural gas retail revenue consists of tariff-based sales of electricity and natural gas to PSE's customers. For tariff contracts, PSE has elected the portfolio approach practical expedient model to apply the revenue from contracts with customers to groups of contracts. The Company determined that the portfolio approach will not differ from considering each contract or performance obligation separately. Electric and natural gas tariff contracts include the performance obligation of standing ready to perform electric and natural gas services. The electricity and natural gas the customer chooses to consume is considered an option and is recognized over time using the output method when the customer simultaneously consumes the electricity or natural gas. PSE has elected the right to invoice practical expedient for unbilled retail revenue. The obligation of standing ready to perform electric service and the consumption of electricity and natural gas at market value implies a right to consideration for performance completed to date. The Company believes that tariff prices approved by the Washington Commission represent stand-alone selling prices for the performance obligations under ASC 606. PSE collects Washington State excise taxes (which are a component of general retail customer rates) and municipal taxes and presents the taxes on a gross basis, as PSE is the taxpayer for those excise and municipal taxes.
Other Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Other revenue from contracts with customers is primarily comprised of electric transmission, natural gas transportation, biogas, and wholesale revenue sold on an intra-month basis.
Electric Transmission and Natural Gas Transportation Revenue
Transmission and transportation tariff contracts include the performance obligation to transmit and transport electricity or natural gas. Transfer of control and recognition of revenue occurs over time as the customer simultaneously receives the transmission and transportation services. Measurement of satisfaction of this performance obligation is determined using the output method. Similar to retail revenue, the Company utilizes the right to invoice practical expedient as PSE’s right to consideration is tied directly to the value of power and natural gas transmitted and transported each month. The price is based on the tariff rates that were approved by the Washington Commission or the FERC and, therefore, corresponds directly to the value to the customer for performance completed to date.
Biogas
Biogas is a renewable natural gas fuel that PSE purchases and sells along with the renewable green attributes derived from the renewable natural gas. Biogas contracts include the performance obligations of biogas and renewable credit delivery upon PSE receiving produced biogas from its supplier. Transfer of control and recognition of revenue occurs at a point in time as biogas is considered a storable commodity and may not be consumed as it is delivered.
Wholesale
Wholesale revenue at PSE includes sales of electric power and non-core natural gas to other utilities or marketers. Wholesale revenue contracts include the performance obligation of physical electric power or natural gas. There are typically no added fixed or variable amounts on top of the established rate for power or natural gas and contracts always have a stated, fixed quantity of power or natural gas delivered. Transfer of control and recognition of revenue occurs at a point in time when the customer takes physical possession of electric power or natural gas. Non-core gas consists of natural gas supply in excess of natural gas used for generation, sold to third parties to mitigate the costs of firm transportation and storage capacity for its core natural gas customers. PSE reports non-core gas sold net of costs as PSE does not take control of the natural gas but is merely an agent within the market that connects a seller to a purchaser.
Other Revenue
In accordance with ASC 606, PSE separately presents revenue not collected from contracts with customers that falls under other accounting guidance.
(4) Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
PSE employs various energy portfolio optimization strategies but is not in the business of assuming risk for the purpose of realizing speculative trading revenue. The nature of serving regulated electric customers with its portfolio of owned and contracted electric generation resources exposes PSE and its customers to some volumetric and commodity price risks within the sharing mechanism of the power cost adjustment (PCA). Therefore, wholesale market transactions and PSE's related hedging strategies are focused on reducing costs and risks where feasible, thus reducing volatility of costs in the portfolio. In order to manage its exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecasted energy transactions, PSE utilizes a programmatic hedging strategy which extends out three years. PSE's hedging strategy includes a risk-responsive component for the core natural gas portfolio, which utilizes quantitative risk-based measures with defined objectives to balance both portfolio risk and hedge costs.
PSE's energy risk portfolio management function monitors and manages these risks using analytical models and tools. In order to manage risks effectively, PSE enters into forward physical electric and natural gas purchase and sale agreements, fixed-for-floating swap contracts, and commodity call/put options. Currently, the Company does not apply cash flow hedge accounting and therefore records all mark-to-market gains or losses through earnings.
The Company manages its interest rate risk through the issuance of mostly fixed-rate debt with varied maturities. The Company utilizes internal cash from operations, borrowings under its commercial paper program and its credit facilities to meet short-term funding needs. The Company may enter into swap instruments or other financial hedge instruments to manage the interest rate risk associated with these debts.
The following table presents the volumes, fair values and classification of the Company's derivative instruments recorded on the balance sheets:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Energy and Puget Sound Energy | | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2020 | | | | | | December 31, 2019 | | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | Volumes | | Assets1 | | Liabilities2 | | Volumes | | Assets1 | | Liabilities2 |
Electric portfolio derivatives | * | | $ | 11,028 | | | $ | 57,140 | | | * | | $ | 19,933 | | | $ | 17,504 | |
Natural gas derivatives (MMBtus)3 | 292.1 million | | 7,596 | | | 14,075 | | | 315.5 million | | 11,375 | | | 8,617 | |
Total derivative contracts | | | $ | 18,624 | | | $ | 71,215 | | | | | $ | 31,308 | | | $ | 26,121 | |
Current | | | $ | 14,906 | | | $ | 41,709 | | | | | $ | 23,626 | | | $ | 13,428 | |
Long-term | | | 3,718 | | | 29,506 | | | | | 7,682 | | | 12,693 | |
Total derivative contracts | | | $ | 18,624 | | | $ | 71,215 | | | | | $ | 31,308 | | | $ | 26,121 | |
_______________
1 Balance sheet classification: Current and Long-term Unrealized gain on derivative instruments.
2 Balance sheet classification: Current and Long-term Unrealized loss on derivative instruments.
3 All fair value adjustments on derivatives relating to the natural gas business have been deferred in accordance with ASC 980, “Regulated Operations,” due to the purchased gas adjustment (PGA) mechanism. The net derivative asset or liability and offsetting regulatory liability or asset are related to contracts used to economically hedge the cost of physical gas purchased to serve natural gas customers.
* Electric portfolio derivatives consist of electric generation fuel of 230.8 million One Million British Thermal Units (MMBtu) and purchased electricity of
8.2 million Megawatt Hours (MWhs) at March 31, 2020, and 229.3 million MMBtus and 10.4 million MWhs at December 31, 2019.
It is the Company's policy to record all derivative transactions on a gross basis at the contract level without offsetting assets or liabilities. The Company generally enters into transactions using the following master agreements: WSPP, Inc. (WSPP) agreements, which standardize physical power contracts; International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) agreements, which standardize financial natural gas and electric contracts; and North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB) agreements, which standardize physical natural gas contracts. The Company believes that such agreements reduce credit risk exposure because such agreements provide for the netting and offsetting of monthly payments as well as the right of set-off in the event of counterparty default. The set-off provision can be used as a final settlement of accounts which extinguishes the mutual debts owed between the parties in exchange for a new net amount. For further details regarding the fair value of derivative instruments, see Note 5, "Fair Value Measurements," to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this report.
The following tables present the potential effect of netting arrangements, including rights of set-off associated with the Company's derivative assets and liabilities:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Energy and Puget Sound Energy | | | | | | | | | | | |
| At March 31, 2020 | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross Amount Recognized in the Statement of Financial Position1 | | Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position | | Net of Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial Position | | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position | | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | | | | | | | Commodity Contracts | | Cash Collateral Received/Posted | | Net Amount |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Energy derivative contracts | $ | 18,624 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 18,624 | | | $ | (16,598) | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,026 | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Energy derivative contracts | $ | 71,215 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 71,215 | | | $ | (16,598) | | | $ | 2,000 | | | $ | 56,617 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Energy and Puget Sound Energy | At December 31, 2019 | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross Amount Recognized in the Statement of Financial Position1 | | Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position | | Net of Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial Position | | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position | | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | | | | | | | Commodity Contracts | | Cash Collateral Received/Posted | | Net Amount |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Energy derivative contracts | $ | 31,308 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 31,308 | | | $ | (14,922) | | | $ | — | | | $ | 16,386 | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Energy derivative contracts | $ | 26,121 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 26,121 | | | $ | (14,922) | | | $ | 2,000 | | | $ | 13,199 | |
_______________
1 All derivative contract deals are executed under ISDA, NAESB and WSPP master netting agreements with right of set-off.
The following table presents the effect and classification of the realized and unrealized gains (losses) of the Company's derivatives recorded on the statements of income:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Energy and Puget Sound Energy | | Three Months Ended March 31, | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | Classification | 2020 | | 2019 |
Gas for Power Derivatives: | | | | |
Unrealized | Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net | $ | (9,755) | | | $ | 14,961 | |
Realized | Electric generation fuel | 1,296 | | | 13,328 | |
Power Derivatives: | | | | | | |
Unrealized | Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net | (38,786) | | | 226 | |
Realized | Purchased electricity | (5,935) | | | 36,292 | |
Total gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives | | $ | (53,180) | | | $ | 64,807 | |
The Company is exposed to credit risk primarily through buying and selling electricity and natural gas to serve its customers. Credit risk is the potential loss resulting from a counterparty's non-performance under an agreement. The Company manages credit risk with policies and procedures for, among other things, counterparty credit analysis, exposure measurement, and exposure monitoring and mitigation.
The Company monitors counterparties for significant swings in credit default swap rates, credit rating changes by external rating agencies, ownership changes or financial distress. Where deemed appropriate, the Company may request collateral or other security from its counterparties to mitigate potential credit default losses. Criteria employed in this decision include, among other things, the perceived creditworthiness of the counterparty and the expected credit exposure.
It is possible that volatility in energy commodity prices could cause the Company to have material credit risk exposure with one or more counterparties. If such counterparties fail to perform their obligations under one or more agreements, the Company could suffer a material financial loss. However, as of March 31, 2020, approximately 97.3% of the Company's energy portfolio exposure, excluding normal purchase normal sale (NPNS) transactions, is with counterparties that are rated investment grade by rating agencies and 2.7% are either rated below investment grade or not rated by rating agencies. The Company assesses credit risk internally for counterparties that are not rated by the major rating agencies.
The Company computes credit reserves at a master agreement level by counterparty. The Company considers external credit ratings and market factors in the determination of reserves, such as credit default swaps and bond spreads. The Company recognizes that external ratings may not always reflect how a market participant perceives a counterparty's risk of default. The Company uses both default factors published by Standard & Poor's and factors derived through analysis of market risk, which
reflect the application of an industry standard recovery rate. The Company selects a default factor by counterparty at an aggregate master agreement level based on a weighted average default tenor for that counterparty's deals. The default tenor is determined by weighting the fair value and contract tenors for all deals for each counterparty to derive an average value. The default factor used is dependent upon whether the counterparty is in a net asset or a net liability position after applying the master agreement levels.
The Company applies the counterparty's default factor to compute credit reserves for counterparties that are in a net asset position. The Company calculates a non-performance risk on its derivative liabilities by using its estimated incremental borrowing rate over the risk-free rate. Credit reserves are netted against the unrealized gain (loss) positions. The majority of the Company's derivative contracts are with financial institutions and other utilities operating within the Western Electricity Coordinating Council. PSE also transacts power futures contracts on the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), and natural gas contracts on the ICE NGX exchange platform. Execution of contracts on ICE requires the daily posting of margin calls as collateral through a futures and clearing agent. As of March 31, 2020, PSE had cash posted as collateral of $18.5 million related to contracts executed on the ICE platform. Also, as of March 31, 2020, PSE had $6.2 million in a letter of credit posted as a condition of transacting on the ICE NGX platform. PSE did not trigger any collateral requirements with any of its counterparties nor were any of PSE's counterparties required to post collateral resulting from credit rating downgrades during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
The following table presents the aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a liability position and the amount of additional collateral the Company could be required to post:
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Puget Energy and Puget Sound Energy | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | At March 31, 2020 | | | | | | At December 31, 2019 | | | | |
| Fair Value1 | | Posted | | Contingent | | Fair Value1 | | Posted | | Contingent |
Contingent Feature | Liability | | Collateral | | Collateral | | Liability | | Collateral | | Collateral |
Credit rating2 | $ | 30,427 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 30,427 | | | $ | 6,110 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 6,110 | |
Requested credit for adequate assurance | 6,107 | | | — | | | — | | | 5,253 | | | — | | | — | |
Forward value of contract3 | 10,143 | | | — | | | N/A | | — | | | 14,827 | | | N/A |
Total | $ | 46,677 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 30,427 | | | $ | 11,363 | | | $ | 14,827 | | | $ | 6,110 | |
_______________
1 Represents the derivative fair value of contracts with contingent features for counterparties in net derivative liability positions. Excludes NPNS, accounts
payable and accounts receivable.
2 Failure by PSE to maintain an investment grade credit rating from each of the major credit rating agencies provides counterparties a contractual right to
demand collateral.
3. Collateral requirements may vary, based on changes in the forward value of underlying transactions relative to contractually defined collateral thresholds.
(5) Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820 established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy categorizes the inputs into three levels with the highest priority given to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority given to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1 - Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Level 1 primarily consists of financial instruments such as exchange-traded derivatives and listed equities. Equity securities that are also classified as cash equivalents are considered Level 1 if there are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies. Instruments in this category include non-exchange-traded derivatives such as over-the-counter forwards and options.
Level 3 - Pricing inputs include significant inputs that have little or no observability as of the reporting date. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management's best estimate of fair value.
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety in the appropriate fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy. The Company primarily determines fair value measurements classified as Level 2 or Level 3 using a combination of the income and market valuation approaches. The process of determining the fair values is the responsibility of the derivative accounting department which reports to the Controller and Principal Accounting Officer. Inputs used to estimate the fair value of forwards, swaps and options include market-price curves, contract terms and prices, credit-risk adjustments, and discount factors. Additionally, for options, the Black-Scholes option valuation model and implied market volatility curves are used. Inputs used to estimate fair value in industry-standard models are categorized as Level 2 inputs as substantially all assumptions and inputs are observable in active markets throughout the full term of the instruments. On a daily basis, the Company obtains quoted forward prices for the electric and natural gas markets from an independent external pricing service.
The Company considers its electric and natural gas contracts as Level 2 derivative instruments as such contracts are commonly traded as over-the-counter forwards with indirectly observable price quotes. However, certain energy derivative instruments with maturity dates falling outside the range of observable price quotes are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Management's assessment is based on the trading activity in real-time and forward electric and natural gas markets. Each quarter, the Company confirms the validity of pricing-service quoted prices used to value Level 2 commodity contracts with the actual prices of commodity contracts entered into during the most recent quarter.
Assets and Liabilities with Estimated Fair Value
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and short-term debt as reported on the balance sheet are reasonable estimates of their fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments and are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The carrying value of other investments totaling $51.5 million at both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, are included in "Other property and investments" on the balance sheet. These values are also reasonable estimates of their fair value and classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as they are valued based on market rates for similar transactions.
The fair value of the long-term notes was estimated using the discounted cash flow method with the U.S. Treasury yields and the Company's credit spreads as inputs, interpolating to the maturity date of each issue. The carrying values and estimated fair values were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Energy | | At March 31, 2020 | | | | At December 31, 2019 | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | Level | Carrying Value | | Fair Value | | Carrying Value | | Fair Value |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Long-term debt (fixed-rate), net of discount1 | 2 | $ | 5,515,318 | | | $ | 6,930,219 | | | $ | 5,512,225 | | | $ | 7,004,316 | |
Long-term debt (variable-rate) | 2 | 415,500 | | | 415,500 | | | 408,100 | | | 408,100 | |
Total liabilities | | $ | 5,930,818 | | | $ | 7,345,719 | | | $ | 5,920,325 | | | $ | 7,412,416 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Sound Energy | | At March 31, 2020 | | | | At December 31, 2019 | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | Level | Carrying Value | | Fair Value | | Carrying Value | | Fair Value |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Long-term debt (fixed-rate), net of discount2 | 2 | $ | 4,336,612 | | | $ | 5,563,257 | | | $ | 4,336,142 | | | $ | 5,571,818 | |
Total liabilities | | $ | 4,336,612 | | | $ | 5,563,257 | | | $ | 4,336,142 | | | $ | 5,571,818 | |
_______________
1 The carrying value includes debt issuances costs of $23.3 million and $24.1 million for March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which are not included in fair value.
2 The carrying value includes debt issuances costs of $24.0 million and $24.4 million for March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which are not included in fair value.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents the Company's financial assets and liabilities by level, within the fair value hierarchy, that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Energy and Puget Sound Energy | | Fair Value At March 31. 2020 | | | | | | Fair Value At December 31, 2019 | | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Electric derivative instruments | | $ | 10,525 | | | $ | 503 | | | $ | 11,028 | | | $ | 19,282 | | | $ | 651 | | | $ | 19,933 | |
Natural gas derivative instruments | | 6,321 | | | 1,275 | | | 7,596 | | | 9,852 | | | 1,523 | | | 11,375 | |
Total assets | | $ | 16,846 | | | $ | 1,778 | | | $ | 18,624 | | | $ | 29,134 | | | $ | 2,174 | | | $ | 31,308 | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Electric derivative instruments | | $ | 30,331 | | | $ | 26,809 | | | $ | 57,140 | | | $ | 13,474 | | | $ | 4,030 | | | $ | 17,504 | |
Natural gas derivative instruments | | 13,892 | | | 183 | | | 14,075 | | | 8,376 | | | 241 | | | 8,617 | |
Total liabilities | | $ | 44,223 | | | $ | 26,992 | | | $ | 71,215 | | | $ | 21,850 | | | $ | 4,271 | | | $ | 26,121 | |
The following table presents the Company's reconciliation of the changes in the fair value of Level 3 derivatives in the fair value hierarchy:
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Puget Energy and Puget Sound Energy | Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | 2020 | | | | | | 2019 | | | | |
Level 3 Roll-Forward Net Asset/(Liability) | Electric | | Natural Gas | | Total | | Electric | | Natural Gas | | Total |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | (3,379) | | | $ | 1,282 | | | $ | (2,097) | | | $ | 1,362 | | | $ | 1,673 | | | $ | 3,035 | |
Changes during period: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Realized and unrealized energy derivatives: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Included in earnings1 | (24,552) | | | — | | | (24,552) | | | 12,325 | | | — | | | 12,325 | |
Included in regulatory assets / liabilities | — | | | 323 | | | 323 | | | — | | | 1,897 | | | 1,897 | |
Settlements | 1,626 | | | (513) | | | 1,113 | | | (13,483) | | | (1,100) | | | (14,583) | |
Transferred into Level 3 | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,391 | | | (398) | | | 3,993 | |
Transferred out of Level 3 | — | | | — | | | — | | | 417 | | | 686 | | | 1,103 | |
Balance at end of period | $ | (26,305) | | | $ | 1,092 | | | $ | (25,213) | | | $ | 5,012 | | | $ | 2,758 | | | $ | 7,770 | |
_______________
1. Income Statement locations: Unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net. Amounts include unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives still held in position as of the reporting date for electric derivatives of zero and $3.1 million for three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Realized gains and losses on energy derivatives for Level 3 recurring items are included in energy costs in the Company's consolidated statements of income under purchased electricity, electric generation fuel or purchased natural gas when settled. Unrealized gains and losses on energy derivatives for Level 3 recurring items are included in net unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments in the Company's consolidated statements of income.
The Company does not use internally developed models to make adjustments to significant unobservable pricing inputs. The only significant unobservable input into the fair value measurement of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities is the forward price for electric and natural gas contracts. The weighted average price is calculated as the total market value divided by the total volume of the Company's Level 3 electric and gas commodity contracts, respectively, as of the reporting date.
The following table presents the forward price ranges for the Company's Level 3 commodity contracts as of March 31, 2020:
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Puget Energy and Puget Sound Energy | Fair Value | | | | | | | | Range | | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | Assets1 | | Liabilities1 | | Valuation Technique | | Unobservable Input | | Low | | High | | Weighted Average |
Electric | $ | 503 | | | $ | 26,809 | | | Discounted cash flow | | Power prices (per MWh) | | $ | 6.00 | | | $ | 38.45 | | | $ | 29.59 | |
Natural gas | $ | 1,275 | | | $ | 183 | | | Discounted cash flow | | Natural gas prices (per MMBtu) | | $ | 1.34 | | | $ | 2.78 | | | $ | 1.85 | |
_______________
1 The valuation techniques, unobservable inputs and ranges are the same for asset and liability positions.
The following table presents the forward price ranges for the Company's Level 3 commodity contracts as of December 31, 2019:
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Puget Energy and Puget Sound Energy | Fair Value | | | | | | | | Range | | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | Assets1 | | Liabilities1 | | Valuation Technique | | Unobservable Input | | Low | | High | | Weighted Average |
Electric | $ | 651 | | | $ | 4,030 | | | Discounted cash flow | | Power prices (per MWh) | | $ | 9.00 | | | $ | 43.85 | | | $ | 33.99 | |
Natural gas | $ | 1,523 | | | $ | 241 | | | Discounted cash flow | | Natural gas prices (per MMBtu) | | $ | 1.25 | | | $ | 3.18 | | | $ | 2.47 | |
___________
1 The valuation techniques, unobservable inputs and ranges are the same for asset and liability positions.
The significant unobservable inputs listed above would have a direct impact on the fair values of the above instruments if they were adjusted. Consequently, significant increases or decreases in the forward prices of electricity or natural gas in isolation would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value for Level 3 assets and liabilities. Generally, interrelationships exist between market prices of natural gas and power. As such, an increase in natural gas pricing would potentially have a similar impact on forward power markets. As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, a hypothetical 10.0% increase or decrease in market prices of natural gas and electricity would change the fair value of the Company's derivative portfolio, classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy, by $5.1 million and $2.5 million, respectively.
Long-Lived Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Puget Energy records the fair value of its intangible assets in accordance with ASC 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment,” (ASC 360). The fair value assigned to the power contracts was determined using an income approach comparing the contract rate to the market rate for power over the remaining period of the contracts incorporating non-performance risk. Management also incorporated certain assumptions related to quantities and market presentation that it believes market participants would make in the valuation. The fair value of the power contracts is amortized as the contracts settle.
ASC 360 requires long-lived assets to be tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. One such triggering event is a significant decrease in the forward market prices of power.
As of March 31, 2020, Puget Energy completed valuation and impairment testing of its power purchase contracts classified as intangible assets. These intangible assets exist as a result of the merger in 2009, at which time the consolidated assets and liabilities were revalued in accordance with ASC 805, "Business Combinations". Differences between the fair market value and the carrying value of assets held as PSE were recorded at PE. The Rocky Reach contract was determined to be impaired due to a decrease in forward prices for this contract of 7.6% from December 31, 2019, causing an impairment of $52.6 million. While this impairment of the intangible asset held at PE is the result of a decline in forward prices and the corresponding valuation impact, the underlying power purchase contract is included within rates at PSE.
The following table presents the impairment recorded to the Company's intangible asset contracts, with corresponding
reductions to the regulatory liability:
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Puget Energy | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | | | | | | | |
Valuation Date | Contract Name | | | Carrying Value | | Fair Value | | Write Down |
March 31, 2020 | Rocky Reach | | | $ | 147,168 | | | $ | 94,603 | | | $ | 52,565 | |
The valuations were measured using a discounted cash flow, income-based valuation methodology. Significant inputs included forward electricity prices and power contract pricing which provided future net cash flow estimates classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The unobservable input averages disclosed below represent the arithmetic average of the inputs and are not weighted by volume. A less significant input is the discount rate reflective of a market participant's cost of capital used in the valuation.
The following table presents the significant unobservable inputs used in estimating the impaired long-term power purchase
contracts' fair value:
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Puget Energy | | | | | | | |
Valuation Date | Unobservable Input | | | Low | | High | | Average |
March 31, 2020 | Power prices (per MWh) | | | $ | 10.23 | | | $ | 29.05 | | | $ | 20.88 | |
| Power contract costs per quarter (in thousands) | | | 6,308 | | | | 7,085 | | | | 6,468 | |
December 31, 2019 | Power prices (per MWh) | | | $ | 11.75 | | | $ | 31.44 | | | $ | 22.53 | |
| Power contract costs per quarter (in thousands) | | | $ | 6,237 | | | $ | 7,087 | | | $ | 6,421 | |
(6) Retirement Benefits
PSE has a defined benefit pension plan (Qualified Pension Benefits) covering a substantial majority of PSE employees. Pension benefits earned are a function of age, salary, years of service and, in the case of employees in the cash balance formula plan, the applicable annual interest crediting rates. Starting with January 1, 2014, all the United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters (UA) represented employees will receive annual pay contributions of 4.0% of eligible pay each year in the cash balance formula plan of the defined benefit pension. Starting January 1, 2014, for non-represented employees, and December 12, 2014, for employees represented by the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Union (IBEW), participants will receive annual employer contributions of 4.0% of eligible pay each year in the cash balance formula of the defined benefit pension or 401k plan account. Those employees receiving contributions in the cash balance formula plan also receive interest credits, which are at least 1.0% per quarter. When an employee with a vested cash balance formula benefit leaves PSE, they will have annuity and lump sum options for distribution. PSE also has a non-qualified Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) for certain key senior management employees that closed to new participants in 2019. PSE has an officer restoration benefit for new officers who join PSE or are promoted beginning in 2019, such that company contributions under PSE’s applicable tax-qualified plan, which otherwise would have been earned if not for IRS limitations, are credited to an account with the Deferred Compensation Plan.
In addition to providing pension benefits, PSE provides legacy group health care and life insurance benefits (Other Benefits) for certain retired employees. These benefits are provided principally through an insurance company. The insurance premiums, paid primarily by retirees, are based on the benefits provided during the prior year. On June 11, 2019, the Welfare Benefits Committee approved the termination of the Plan effective December 31, 2019, and the creation of a Retiree Health Reimbursement Account (HRA) Plan effective January 1, 2020. No eligible individual may become a participant or covered dependent in the Plan on or after January 1, 2020, and no benefits will be payable under insurance contracts or the Plan on or after January 1, 2020. Effective January 1, 2020, assets in the 401(h) account will be allocated to the Retiree HRA instead of the Plan to cover the Company's portion of premiums for health benefits for retiree and their beneficiaries.
Puget Energy's retirement plans were remeasured as a result of the merger in 2009, which represents the difference between Puget Energy and PSE's retirement plans.
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, requiring that an employer report the service cost component in the same line items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other
components of net benefit cost (which include interest costs, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost or credits and actuarial gains and losses) are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations. Pursuant to the standard, the Company has retrospectively included in the consolidated statements of income: (i) the components of service cost within utility operations and maintenance for PSE and within non-utility expense and other for Puget Energy, and (ii) all non-service cost components in other income.
The following tables summarize the Company’s net periodic benefit cost for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Energy | Qualified Pension Benefits | | | | SERP Pension Benefits | | | | Other Benefits | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
Components of net periodic benefit cost: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Service cost | $ | 5,997 | | | $ | 5,287 | | | $ | 228 | | | $ | 256 | | | $ | 49 | | | $ | 16 | |
Interest cost | 6,298 | | | 7,216 | | | 378 | | | 578 | | | 91 | | | 112 | |
Expected return on plan assets | (12,502) | | | (12,624) | | | — | | | — | | | (97) | | | (97) | |
Amortization of prior service cost | (495) | | | (495) | | | 87 | | | 83 | | | — | | | — | |
Amortization of net loss (gain) | 1,981 | | | 251 | | | 586 | | | 341 | | | (22) | | | (63) | |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 1,279 | | | $ | (365) | | | $ | 1,279 | | | $ | 1,258 | | | $ | 21 | | | $ | (32) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Sound Energy | Qualified Pension Benefits | | | | SERP Pension Benefits | | | | Other Benefits | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
Components of net periodic benefit cost: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Service cost | $ | 5,997 | | | $ | 5,287 | | | $ | 228 | | | $ | 256 | | | $ | 49 | | | $ | 16 | |
Interest cost | 6,298 | | | 7,216 | | | 378 | | | 578 | | | 91 | | | 112 | |
Expected return on plan assets | (12,504) | | | (12,628) | | | — | | | — | | | (97) | | | (98) | |
Amortization of prior service cost | (393) | | | (393) | | | 87 | | | 83 | | | — | | | — | |
Amortization of net loss (gain) | 4,656 | | | 3,165 | | | 659 | | | 433 | | | (36) | | | (109) | |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 4,054 | | | $ | 2,647 | | | $ | 1,352 | | | $ | 1,350 | | | $ | 7 | | | $ | (79) | |
The following table summarizes the Company’s change in benefit obligation for the periods ended March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Energy and Puget Sound Energy | Qualified Pension Benefits | | | | SERP Pension Benefits | | | | Other Benefits | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Year Ended | | Three Months Ended | | Year Ended | | Three Months Ended | | Year Ended |
(Dollars in Thousands) | March 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 | | March 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 | | March 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 |
Change in benefit obligation: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Benefit obligation at beginning of period | $ | 774,305 | | | $ | 677,643 | | | $ | 63,000 | | | $ | 55,708 | | | $ | 11,627 | | | $ | 10,636 | |
Amendments | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 9,049 | |
Service cost | 5,997 | | | 22,656 | | | 228 | | | 1,023 | | | 49 | | | 61 | |
Interest cost | 6,298 | | | 28,913 | | | 378 | | | 2,314 | | | 91 | | | 410 | |
Curtailment Loss / (Gain) | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (7,486) | |
Actuarial loss (gain) | — | | | 84,272 | | | (478) | | | 6,756 | | | — | | | (287) | |
Benefits paid | (11,250) | | | (36,740) | | | (13,649) | | | (2,801) | | | (251) | | | (982) | |
Medicare part D subsidy received | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 226 | |
Administrative Expense | — | | | (2,439) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Benefit obligation at end of period | $ | 775,350 | | | $ | 774,305 | | | $ | 49,479 | | | $ | 63,000 | | | $ | 11,516 | | | $ | 11,627 | |
The aggregate expected contributions by the Company to fund the qualified pension plan, SERP and the other postretirement plans for the year ending December 31, 2020, are expected to be at least $18.0 million, $26.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company contributed $13.6 million to fund the SERP. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company contributed $0.5 million to fund the SERP. The Company contributed an immaterial amount to fund the other postretirement plans.
(7) Regulation and Rates
General Rate Case
PSE filed a general rate case (GRC) with the Washington Commission on June 20, 2019 requesting an overall increase in electric and natural gas rates of 6.9% and 7.9% respectively. PSE requested a return on equity of 9.8% with an overall rate of return of 7.62%. In addition to the traditional areas of focus (revenue requirements, cost allocation, rate design and cost of capital), the Company completed an attrition study and included a portion of the attrition revenue requirement in the overall request in order address the expected regulatory lag in the rate year. Additionally, as the non-plant related excess deferred taxes that resulted from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) remained outstanding from PSE’s Expedited Rate Filing (ERF) as discussed below, PSE requested in its GRC to pass back the amounts over four years. On September 17, 2019, PSE filed supplemental testimony, which provided certain updates to the original filing, but did not impact the requested overall electric and natural gas rate increases, return on equity or overall rate of return as originally filed. On January 15, 2020, PSE filed rebuttal testimony which included a reduction to the requested return on equity to 9.5%, which decreased the rate of return to 7.48%. The requested rate increase for both electric and natural gas remained at 6.9% and 7.9%, respectively. For both electric and natural gas PSE did not originally request its full attrition adjustment; therefore, the decrease in return on equity led to a reduction in the electric rate increase of only $1.5 million and did not have an impact on the natural gas rate increase.
On March 17, 2020, PSE filed with the Commission a Motion to Extend the Suspension Date (Motion). In its Motion, PSE requested and agreed to waive the statutory deadline associated with the GRC Dockets for up to 60 days, from May 20, 2020, to July 20, 2020. PSE explained in its Motion that, in recent weeks, COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented global health crisis impacting nearly all aspects of society, and that residents and businesses in the Company’s service territory have been severely
impacted. PSE believes extending the suspension date in this proceeding would help mitigate the effects of any rate increases on customers, and would benefit the Commission to the extent there are any disruptions or delays to Commission operations as a result of the virus or its operational response thereto. On March 17, 2020, the Commission granted PSE's Motion and extended the suspension date until July 20, 2020.
Expedited Rate Filing
On November 7, 2018, PSE filed an ERF with the Washington Commission. The filing requested to change rates associated with PSE’s delivery and fixed production costs. It did not include variable power costs, purchased gas costs or natural gas pipeline replacement program costs, which are recovered in separate mechanisms. The filing was based on historical test year costs and rate base, and followed the reporting requirements of a Commission Basis Report, as defined by the Washington Administrative Code, but used end of period rate base and certain annualizing adjustments. It did not include any forward-looking or pro-forma adjustments. Included in the filing was a reduction to the overall authorized rate of return from 7.6% to 7.49% to recognize a reduction in debt costs associated with recent debt activity. PSE requested an overall increase in electric rates of $18.9 million annually, which is a 0.9% increase, and an overall increase in natural gas rates of $21.7 million annually, which is a 2.7% increase.
On January 22, 2019, all parties in the proceeding reached an agreement on settlement terms that resolved all issues in the filing. The settlement agreement was filed on January 30, 2019. The parties agreed to a $21.5 million rate increase for natural gas and no rate increase for electric which became effective March 1, 2019. As is discussed below, these rates include the offsetting effect of passing back to customers plant related excess deferred income taxes that resulted from the TCJA, using the average rate assumption method (ARAM) amounts to arrive at the settlement rate changes.
The settlement agreement provides for the pass back of plant related excess deferred income taxes that resulted from the TCJA using the ARAM methodology based on 2018 amounts beginning March 1, 2019, in the amount of $6.1 million for natural gas customers and $25.9 million for electric customers. The settlement agreement left the determination for the regulatory treatment of the remaining items related to the TCJA, listed below, to PSE’s next GRC, filed June 20, 2019:
1)excess deferred taxes for non-plant-related book/tax differences for periods prior to March 1, 2019,
2)the deferred balance associated with the over-collection of income tax expense for the period January 1 through April 30, 2018, (the time period that encompasses the effective date of the TCJA to May 1, 2018, the effective date of the TCJA rate change); and
3)the turnaround of plant related excess deferred income taxes using the ARAM method for the period from January 2018 through February 2019, the rate effective date for the ERF.
The settlement agreement provides that PSE may defer the depreciation expense associated with PSE’s ongoing investment in its advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) investment and may defer the return on the AMI investment that was included in the test year of the filing. The settlement agreement preserves the parties' rights to argue whether or not these deferrals should be recovered in the Company’s 2019 GRC. The rate of return adopted in the settlement for reporting and deferral purposes is 7.49%. On February 21, 2019, the Washington Commission approved the settlement with one condition: PSE must pass back the deferred balance associated with the tax over-collection of $34.6 million for the period from January 1, 2018, through April 30, 2018, over a one-year period which ends May 1, 2020.
Washington Commission Tax Deferral Filing
The TCJA was signed into law in December 2017. As a result of this change, PSE re-measured its deferred tax balances under the new corporate tax rate. PSE filed an accounting petition on December 29, 2017, requesting deferred accounting treatment for the impacts of tax reform. The requested deferral accounting treatment resulted in the tax rate change being captured in the deferred income tax balance with an offset to the regulatory liability for deferred income taxes for GAAP purposes. Additionally, on March 30, 2018, PSE filed for a rate change for electric and natural gas customers associated with TCJA to reflect the decrease in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0%. The overall impact of the rate change, based on the annual period from May 2018 through April 2019, is a revenue decrease of $72.9 million, or 3.4% for electric and $23.6 million, or 2.7% for natural gas and became effective May 1, 2018, by operation of law.
The March 30, 2018, rate change filing did not address excess deferred taxes or the deferred balance associated with the over-collection of income tax expense of $34.6 million for the period January 1 through April 30, 2018, (the time period that encompasses the effective date of the TCJA through May 1, 2018, the effective date of the rate change). The $34.6 million tax over-collection decreased PSE's revenue and increased the regulatory liability for a refund to customers.
As a result of the Washington Commission's final order in the ERF, the excess deferred taxes associated with non-plant-related book/tax differences and the treatment of the excess deferred taxes associated with plant related book/tax differences from January 1, 2018, through February 28, 2019, was addressed in PSE’s GRC, which was filed on June 20, 2019. The Washington Commission also required in the ERF order that PSE pass back the deferred balance associated with the tax over-
collection for the period from January 1, 2018, through April 30, 2018, as discussed above, over a one-year period which began May 1, 2019. Per PSE’s Schedule 141Y tariff, following the May 2019 through April 2020 refund period, if the residual balance of credit owned to customers will be greater than $0.1 million, PSE will submit a filing no later than July 31, 2020 with a proposal of passing back the residual balance effective September 1, 2020 through August 31, 2021.
Decoupling Filings
While fluctuations in weather conditions will continue to affect PSE's billed revenue and energy supply expenses from month to month, PSE's decoupling mechanisms assist in mitigating the impact of weather on operating revenue and net income. Since 2013, the Washington Commission has allowed PSE to record a monthly adjustment to its electric and natural gas operating revenues related to electric transmission and distribution, natural gas operations and general administrative costs from most residential, commercial and industrial customers to mitigate the effects of abnormal weather, conservation impacts and changes in usage patterns per customer. As a result, these electric and natural gas revenues are recovered on a per customer basis regardless of actual consumption levels. PSE's energy supply costs, which are part of the PCA and PGA mechanisms, are not included in the decoupling mechanism. The revenue recorded under the decoupling mechanisms will be affected by customer growth and not actual consumption. Following each calendar year, PSE will recover from, or refund to, customers the difference between allowed decoupling revenue and the corresponding actual revenue during the following May to April time period.
On December 5, 2017, the Washington Commission approved PSE’s request within the 2017 GRC to extend the decoupling mechanism with several changes to the methodology that took effect on December 19, 2017. Electric and natural gas delivery revenues continue to be recovered on a per customer basis and electric fixed production energy costs are now decoupled and recovered on the basis of a fixed monthly amount. The allowed decoupling revenue for electric and natural gas customers will no longer increase annually each January 1 as occurred prior to December 19, 2017. Approved revenue per customer costs can only be changed in a GRC or ERF. Approved electric fixed production energy costs can also be changed in a power cost only rate case (PCORC). Other changes to the decoupling methodology approved by the Washington Commission include regrouping of electric and natural gas non-residential customers and the exclusion of certain electric schedules from the decoupling mechanism going forward. The rate test, which limits the amount of revenues PSE can collect in its annual filings, increased from 3.0% to 5.0% for natural gas customers but will remain at 3.0% for electric customers. The decoupling mechanism will be reviewed again in PSE’s first rate case filed in or after 2021, or in a separate proceeding, if appropriate. PSE’s decoupling mechanism over- and under- collections will still be collectible or refundable after this effective date even if the decoupling mechanism is not extended.
On February 21, 2019, the Washington Commission approved the multi-party settlement agreement which was filed within PSE’s ERF filing. As part of this settlement agreement, electric and natural gas allowed delivery revenue per customer was updated to reflect changes in the approved revenue requirement. For electric, there were no changes to the annual allowed fixed power cost revenue. The changes took effect on March 1, 2019.
On March 31, 2020, PSE performed an analysis to determine if electric and natural gas decoupling revenue deferrals would be collected from customers within 24 months of the annual period, per ASC 980. If not, for GAAP purposes only, PSE would need to record a reserve against the decoupling revenue and a corresponding regulatory asset balance. Once the reserve is probable of collection within 24 months from the end of the annual period, the reserve can be recognized as decoupling revenue. The analysis indicated that electric and natural gas deferred revenue will be collected within 24 months of the annual period; therefore, no adjustment was booked to 2020 decoupling revenue.
Power Cost Adjustment Mechanism
PSE currently has a PCA mechanism that provides for the deferral of power costs that vary from the “power cost baseline” level of power costs. The “power cost baseline” levels are set, in part, based on normalized assumptions about weather and hydroelectric conditions. Excess power costs or savings are apportioned between PSE and its customers pursuant to the graduated scale set forth in the PCA mechanism and will trigger a surcharge or refund when the cumulative deferral trigger is reached.
Effective January 1, 2017, the following graduated scale is used in the PCA mechanism:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Company’s Share | | | | Customers' Share | | |
Annual Power Cost Variability | Over | | Under | | Over | | Under |
Over or Under Collected by up to $17 million | 100 | % | | 100 | % | | — | % | | — | % |
Over or Under Collected by between $17 million - $40 million | 35 | | | 50 | |
| 65 | | | 50 | |
Over or Under Collected beyond $40 + million | 10 | | | 10 | |
| 90 | | | 90 | |
In September 2016, PSE filed an accounting petition with the Washington Commission which requested deferral of the variances, either positive or negative, between the fixed costs previously recovered in the PCA and the revenue received to cover the allowed fixed costs. The deferral period requested was January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2017, when rates were to go into effect from PSE's 2017 GRC. In November 2016, the Washington Commission issued Order No. 01 approving PSE’s accounting petition. With the final determination in PSE’s GRC, this deferral ceased with the rate effective date of December 19, 2017.
For the three months ended March 31, 2020, in its PCA mechanism, PSE under recovered its allowable costs by $25.1 million of which $4.0 million was apportioned to customers and $0.5 million of interest was accrued on the deferred customer balance. This compares to an under recovery of allowable costs of $43.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, of which $14.3 million was apportioned to customers and accrued no interest on the total deferred customer balance. Power costs were higher than the allowed baseline in the first quarter of 2020 which led to an increase in the PCA deferral, although it was a lower under-collection compared to the same period in 2019, which also saw actual power costs that were higher than the baseline but by a larger margin, resulting in a higher under-collection. The higher under-collection in 2019 was the result of high power prices in the first quarter of 2019 which were due to cold weather in February and early March of 2019, which drove regional loads and demand for power up, and Westcoast pipeline capacity limitations, which contributed to higher natural gas and power prices.
Purchased Gas Adjustment
On April 25, 2019, the Washington Commission approved PSE’s request for an out-of-cycle change to PGA rates with the rate change taking effect May 1, 2019. The out-of-cycle PGA filing was needed to begin amortizing a large PGA commodity deferral balance that had grown due to higher than projected commodity costs during the 2018/19 winter. These higher than projected commodity costs were primarily due to an October 9, 2018, rupture and subsequent explosion on Westcoast Pipeline which is one of the major pipelines feeding PSE’s distribution system. The pipeline was repaired in October 2018, however supply capacity on the pipeline was limited over the 2018/19 winter leading to higher prices. February weather was also much colder than normal which also increased the demand for natural gas. The amortization period will be from May 2019 through April 2020. Following the recovery period, any remaining balances of the out-of-cycle PGA supplemental filing will be rolled into regular annual PGA filing effective November 1, 2020.
On October 24, 2019, the Washington Commission approved PSE’s request for November 2019 PGA rates, with the rate change taking effect on November 1, 2019. As part of that filing, PSE requested PGA rates increase annual revenue by $17.8 million, while the new tracker rates increased by annual revenue of $100.6 million; this was in addition to continuing the collection on the remaining balance of $54.0 million from the out-of-cycle PGA. The tracker rates include deferral balances for the three separate amounts: (i) $114.4 million of under collected commodity balances deferred in February and March; (ii) a $10.8 million balance of over-collected commodity costs for the 2018 PGA, and (iii) a $4.1 million remaining balance from the $54.7 million credit to customers, caused by the 2017 over-collection, established in the 2018 tracker. The high commodity deferral balances for winter months through March 2019 were the result of three noteworthy events last winter experienced by PSE: the Enbridge pipeline rupture, unusually low temperatures in February and March, and a compressor failure in February at the Jackson Prairie storage facility. Additionally, to reduce customer impact, as part of the approved PGA filing, PSE will be collecting $114.4 million commodity deferrals and related interest over a two year period, instead of the historic one year period, from November 2019 through October 2021.
As of December 31, 2018, PSE had a beginning PGA receivable balance of $9.9 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, PSE incurred actual natural gas costs of $224.7 million, of which $98.1 million was recovered through rates. The difference between actual and allowed costs, less interest $0.6 million, resulted in a PGA receivable of $137.1 million. As of December 31, 2019, PSE had a beginning PGA receivable balance of $132.8 million. For three months ended March 31, 2020, PSE incurred actual natural gas costs of $114.4 million, of which $157.2 million was recovered through rates. The difference between actual and allowed costs, plus interest of $1.4 million, resulted in a PGA receivable of $91.3 million.
Get to Zero Depreciation Deferral
On April 10, 2019, PSE filed an accounting petition with the Washington Commission, requesting authorization to defer depreciation expense associated with Get To Zero (GTZ) projects that were placed in service after June 30, 2018. The GTZ project consists of a number of short-lived technology upgrades. The depreciation expense associated with the GTZ projects with lives of 10 years or less that were placed in service after June 30, 2018, were deferred beginning May 1 per the petition request. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, PSE had deferred GTZ depreciation expense balances of $31.3 million and $21.7 million, respectively. In addition to the depreciation expense deferral, PSE requested to defer carrying charges on the GTZ deferral, to be calculated utilizing the Company’s currently authorized after tax rate of return, or 6.89% per the 2018 ERF. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, PSE has a deferred carrying charge balance of $1.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The GTZ accounting petition was consolidated with PSE’s 2019 GRC and is currently being reviewed by the Washington Commission.
Crisis Affected Customer Assistance Program
On April 6, 2020, PSE filed with the Washington Commission revisions to its currently effective Tariff WN U-60. The purpose of this filing is to incorporate into PSE’s low-income tariff a new temporary bill assistance program, Crisis Affected Customer Assistance Program (CACAP), to mitigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on PSE’s customers. CACAP would allow PSE customers facing financial hardship due to COVID-19 to receive up to $1,000 in bill assistance. The program puts to immediate use $11.0 million in unspent low income funds from prior years, and supplements other forms of financial assistance. The program does not require an increase to rates and is fully compatible with other low income programs. The program will automatically end when all of the funds are disbursed. Based on the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting state of emergency, the Washington Commission allowed the tariff revisions to become effective on April 13, 2020.
Storm Damage Deferral Accounting
The Washington Commission issued a GRC order that defined deferrable storm events and provided that costs in excess of the annual cost threshold may be deferred for qualifying storm damage costs that meet the modified Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers outage criteria for system average interruption duration index. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, PSE incurred $9.9 million in storm-related electric transmission and distribution system restoration costs, of which no amount was deferred as a regulatory asset. This compares to $38.4 million incurred in storm-related electric transmission and distribution system restoration costs for the three months ended March 31, 2019, of which the Company deferred $1.1 million and $26.4 million as regulatory assets related to storms that occurred in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Under the December 5, 2017, Washington Commission order regarding PSE’s GRC, the following changes to PSE’s storm deferral mechanism were approved: (i) the cumulative annual cost threshold for deferral of storms under the mechanism increased from $8.0 million to $10.0 million effective January 1, 2018; and (ii) qualifying events where the total qualifying cost is less than $0.5 million will not qualify for deferral and these costs will also not count toward the $10.0 million annual cost threshold.
(8) Commitments and Contingencies
Colstrip
PSE has a 50% ownership interest in Colstrip Units 1 and 2 and a 25% interest in each of Colstrip Units 3 and 4. In March 2013, the Sierra Club and the Montana Environmental Information Center filed a Clean Air Act citizen suit against all Colstrip owners in the U.S. District Court, District of Montana. In July 2016, PSE reached a settlement with the Sierra Club to dismiss all of the Clean Air Act allegations against the Colstrip Generating Station, which was approved by the court in September 2016. As part of the settlement that was signed by all Colstrip owners, Colstrip 1 and 2 owners, PSE and Talen Energy Corporation (Talen), agreed to retire the two oldest units (Units 1 and 2) at Colstrip in eastern Montana no later than July 1, 2022. Depreciation rates were updated in the GRC effective December 19, 2017, where PSE's depreciation increased for Colstrip Units 1 and 2 to recover plant costs to the expected shutdown date. Additionally, PSE has accelerated the depreciation of Colstrip Units 3 and 4, per the terms of the GRC settlement, to December 31, 2027. The GRC also repurposed PTCs and hydro-related treasury grants to recover unrecovered plant costs and to fund and recover decommissioning and remediation costs for Colstrip Units 1 through 4.
Consistent with a June 2019 announcement, Talen permanently shut down Units 1 and 2 at the end of the year due to operational losses associated with the Units. Colstrip Units 1 and 2 were retired effective December 31, 2019. The Washington Clean Energy Transition Act requires the Washington Commission to provide recovery of the investment, decommissioning, and remediation costs associated with the facilities that are not recovered through the repurposed PTC's and hydro-related treasury grants. The full scope of decommissioning activities and costs may vary from the estimates that are available at this time.
On December 10, 2019, PSE announced its intention to sell its interest in Colstrip Unit 4 to NorthWestern Energy for $1. Under the agreement with NorthWestern Energy, PSE would retain its obligation to fund 25% of the environmental remediation and decommissioning costs associated with Unit 4 during PSE's operation. The agreement is subject to approval by the Washington Commission and the Montana Public Service Commission. Additionally, PSE has agreed to enter into a power purchase agreement with NorthWestern Energy for 90 MW through 2025 to facilitate the transition, and sell a portion of its dedicated Colstrip transmission system, conditioned upon regulatory approval. Other Colstrip owners and other external parties have intervened in the pending regulatory review of this transaction, and one Colstrip owner has exercised its contractual right to purchase its pro rata share of the interest to be sold by PSE. For accounting purposes, management has evaluated the applicable held for sale criteria as of December 31, 2019, and determined that these criteria were not met. As such, Colstrip Unit 4 is classified as Electric Utility Plant on the balance sheet, see Note 6, "Utility Plant," to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Other Commitments and Contingencies
In addition to the contractual obligations and consolidated commercial commitments disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, during the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company entered into new Electric Portfolio and Electric Wholesale Market Transaction contracts with estimated payment obligations totaling $473.7 million through 2037.
For further information, see Note 16, "Commitments and Contingencies" to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of the Company's Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2019.
Coronavirus Pandemic
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. The Company is monitoring the impact of the pandemic and taking steps to mitigate known risks. The full impact on the Company's business from the pandemic, including governmental and regulatory response actions, is unknown at this time and difficult to predict. The Company provides a critical and essential service to its customers and the health and safety of its employees and customers is its first priority. The Company is continuously monitoring its supply chain and is working closely with essential vendors to understand the impact of COVID-19 to its business and does not currently expect service disruptions.
At the date of this report, the Company is effectively managing operations during the pandemic in order to continue to provide critical service to customers. The Company has flexibility with capital investments and other measures to maintain sufficient liquidity over the next twelve months. The situation remains fluid and future impacts to the Company that are presently unknown or unanticipated may occur. Furthermore, the likelihood of an impact to the Company, and the severity of any impact that does occur, could increase the longer the global pandemic persists.
(9) Leases
PSE has operating leases for buildings for corporate offices and operations, real estate for operating facilities and the Tacoma LNG facility, land for our wind farms, and vehicles for PSE’s fleet. The finance leases are for office printers. The leases have remaining lease terms of less than a year to 50 years. PSE's ROU assets and lease liabilities include options to extend leases when it is reasonably certain that PSE will exercise that option.
During the fourth quarter of 2019, PSE became reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend its lease at the Port of Tacoma for an additional 25 years as a result of the approval of the Notice of Construction permit for the Tacoma LNG facility. This remeasurement resulted in an increase of the Operating lease right-of-use asset and Operating lease liabilities of
$14.7 million.
The components of lease cost were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Energy and Puget Sound Energy | Three Months Ended March 31, | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 |
Finance lease cost: | | | |
Amortization of right-of-use asset | $ | 152 | | | $ | 158 | |
Interest on lease liabilities | 10 | | | 9 | |
Total finance lease cost | $ | 162 | | | | $ | 167 | |
| | | |
Operating lease cost1 | $ | 5,480 | | | $ | 4,784 | |
_______________
1 Includes $0.3 million allocated to PLNG at PE related to the Port of Tacoma lease for each of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Energy and Puget Sound Energy | Three Months Ended March 31, | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | | | |
Operating cash flow for operating leases | $ | 3,773 | | | $ | 4,346 | |
Investing cash flow for operating leases1 | 1,707 | | | 438 | |
Operating cash flow for finance leases | 10 | | | 9 | |
Financing cash flow for finance leases | 152 | | | 158 | |
_______________
1 Includes $0.3 million allocated to PLNG at PE related to the Port of Tacoma lease for each of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Sound Energy | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | March 31, | | December 31, |
Operating Leases | 2020 | | 2019 |
Operating lease right-of-use asset | $ | 180,188 | | | $ | 183,048 | |
| | | | |
Operating leases liabilities current | 16,183 | | | 15,862 | |
Operating lease liabilities long-term | 170,638 | | | 174,327 | |
Total Operating lease liabilities: | $ | 186,821 | | | $ | 190,189 | |
| | | | |
Finance Leases | | | | |
Common Plant | $ | 1,337 | | | $ | 1,488 | |
| | | | |
Other current liabilities | 657 | | | 669 | |
Other deferred credits | 656 | | | 811 | |
Total finance lease liabilities | $ | 1,313 | | | $ | 1,480 | |
| | | |
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term | | | |
Operating leases | 19.12 Years | | 19.24 Years |
Finance leases | 2.48 Years | | 2.76 Years |
| | | |
Weighted Average Discount Rate | | | |
Operating leases | 3.59 | % | | 3.59 | % |
Finance leases | 2.98 | % | | 2.98 | % |
The following tables summarize the Company’s estimated future minimum lease payments as of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Maturities of lease liabilities | Future Minimum Lease Payments | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | | | |
At March 31, | Operating Leases | | Finance Leases |
2020 (remaining nine months) | $ | 15,649 | | | $ | 481 | |
2021 | 22,762 | | | 508 | |
2022 | 22,095 | | | 279 | |
2023 | 21,657 | | | 98 | |
2024 | 20,932 | | | — | |
Thereafter | 160,676 | | | — | |
Total lease payments | $ | 263,771 | | | $ | 1,366 | |
Less imputed interest | (76,950) | | | (53) | |
Total | $ | 186,821 | | | $ | 1,313 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Maturities of lease liabilities | Future Minimum Lease Payments | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | | | |
At December 31, | Operating Leases | | Finance Leases |
2020 | $ | 22,500 | | | $ | 643 | |
2021 | 22,527 | | | 508 | |
2022 | 21,856 | | | 279 | |
2023 | 21,415 | | | 98 | |
2024 | 20,690 | | | — | |
Thereafter | 160,410 | | | — | |
Total lease payments | $ | 269,398 | | | $ | 1,528 | |
Less imputed interest | (79,209) | | | (48) | |
Total net present value | $ | 190,189 | | | $ | 1,480 | |
(10) Other
Long-Term Debt
The Company had no new long-term debt activities in the three months ended March 31, 2020. For further information, see Note 7, "Long-Term Debt" and Note 8, "Liquidity Facilities and Other Financing Arrangements" in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Short-Term Debt
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, commercial paper markets were significantly impacted for a period of time due to COVID-19, during which time the Company drew short term funding from its credit facility. As of March 31, 2020, $60.0 million was drawn under PSE's credit facility and $16.0 million was outstanding under the commercial paper program at PSE. For further information, see Note 8, "Liquidity Facilities and Other Financing Arrangements" in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this report on Form 10-Q. The discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as Puget Energy, Inc. (Puget Energy) and Puget Sound Energy, Inc. (PSE) objectives, expectations and intentions. Words or phrases such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “continues,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “future,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “will likely result,” “will continue” and similar expressions are intended to identify certain of these forward-looking statements. However, these words are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. Puget Energy's and PSE's actual results could differ materially from results that may be anticipated by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” included elsewhere in this report and in the section entitled "Risk Factors" included in Part I, Item 1A in Puget Energy's and Puget Sound Energy's Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2019. Except as required by law, neither Puget Energy nor PSE undertakes any obligation to revise any forward-looking statements in order to reflect events or circumstances that may subsequently arise. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in this report and in Puget Energy's and PSE's other reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect Puget Energy's and PSE's business, prospects and results of operations, including the COVID-19 pandemic.
Overview
Puget Energy is an energy services holding company and substantially all of its operations are conducted through its subsidiary PSE, a regulated electric and natural gas utility company. PSE is the largest electric and natural gas utility in the state of Washington, primarily engaged in the business of electric transmission, distribution and generation and natural gas distribution. Puget Energy's business strategy is to generate stable cash flows by offering reliable electric and natural gas service in a cost-effective manner through PSE. Puget Energy also has a wholly-owned non-regulated subsidiary, Puget LNG, LLC (Puget LNG), which has the sole purpose of owning, developing and financing the non-regulated activity of the Tacoma liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility, currently under construction. All of Puget Energy's common stock is indirectly owned by Puget Holdings, LLC (Puget Holdings). Puget Holdings is owned by a consortium of long-term infrastructure investors including the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, the British Columbia Investment Management Corporation (BCIMC), the Alberta Investment Management Corporation (AIMCo), Ontario Municipal Employee Retirement System (OMERS) and PGGM Vermogensbeheer B.V. The sale of previous owners', Macquarie Infrastructure Partners and Macquarie Capital Group Limited, shares to OMERS, PGGM Vermogensbeheer B.V., AIMCo and BCIMC was approved by various federal and state agencies, including that of the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (Washington Commission), and closed on April 17th, 2019. Puget Energy and PSE are collectively referred to herein as “the Company.”
PSE generates revenue and cash flow primarily from the sale of electric and natural gas services to residential and commercial customers within a service territory covering approximately 6,000 square miles, principally in the Puget Sound region of the state of Washington. PSE continually balances its load requirements, generation resources, purchase power agreements, and market purchases to meet customer demand. The Company's external financing requirements principally reflect the cash needs of its construction program, its schedule of maturing debt and certain operational needs. PSE requires access to bank and capital markets to meet its financing needs.
COVID-19 Update
A novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) was first identified in December 2019, and subsequently declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. To date, COVID-19 has surfaced in nearly all regions around the world and resulted in travel restrictions and business slowdowns or shutdowns in affected areas. On January 21, 2020, authorities confirmed the first COVID-19 case in Washington State, followed by the first confirmed virus-related death in Washington State on February 29, 2020, in each case, in the Company’s service territory.
In response to the outbreak and business disruption, first and foremost, we have prioritized the health and safety of our customers, employees, and the communities in our service territory implementing a number of changes including not disconnecting customers for non-payment, receiving Commission approval to waive late fees, and filing a motion with the Commission to waive the statutory deadline for the Company’s General Rate Case for up to 60 days, from May 20, 2020, until July 20, 2020, establishing a Crisis-Affected Customer Assistance Program (CACAP), implementing social distancing measures for our employees and using remote workforce where possible. PSE continues to serve our customers and has
implemented business continuity and emergency response plans to continue to provide electricity and natural gas services to customers and otherwise support the Company’s operations.
We are continuing to monitor developments involving our workforce, customers, electricity and natural gas demand, commodity costs and suppliers but cannot predict the impact of COVID-19 on our results of operations, financial condition and ongoing operations. An extended slowdown of the United States' economic growth, demand for commodities and/or material changes in governmental policy could result in lower economic growth and lower demand for electricity and natural gas in our service territory. Moreover, such extended slowdown will affect the ability of various customers, contractors, suppliers and other business partners to fulfill their obligations, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ongoing operations.
The Company anticipates, depending on the length and severity of the pandemic crisis (including, but not limited to, continued work place lock downs, work at home mandates, other government mandated quarantines, economic recession, and any resurgence of the COVID-19 virus) that electric and gas loads will likely be impacted in the remainder of 2020 at a minimum. Residential load, which comprises a significant portion of the Company's total retail revenues at 59.0%, would be expected to increase due to work from home requirements, and Commercial load, which represents 35.9% of the Company's total retail revenues, would be expected to decrease as a result of the restrictions and shutdowns to commercial business activities. Any such revenue reductions would be offset by reduced electric and gas supply costs and the effects of decoupling. Industrial customers, who represent only 4.4% of the Company's total retail revenue and are generally transmission and transportation services which are not volumetric in nature, are not expected to be materially impacted. To the extent that the Company incurs material, unexpected expenses associated with the pandemic, such as increased uncollectible accounts receivable, the Company would explore regulatory accounting policies and rate recovery mechanisms to address any negative impacts to financial results.
On March 27, 2020, the U.S. Government enacted the CARES Act, which provides approximately $2 trillion of economic relief and stimulus to support the national economy during the COVID-19 epidemic. This package included support for individuals, large corporations, small business, and health care entities, among other affected groups. The utility industry, including the Company, were not direct beneficiaries of the stimulus, however, the Company continues to review the provisions of the CARES Act and assess the potential impact on the Company’s operations.
Further detail regarding the factors and trends affecting performance of the Company during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020, is set forth below in this "Overview" section as well as in other sections of Management's Discussion and Analysis.
Factors and Trends Affecting PSE's Performance
PSE’s ongoing regulatory requirements and operational needs necessitated the investment of substantial capital in 2019 and will continue to do so in future years. Because PSE intends to seek recovery of such investments through the regulatory process, its financial results depend heavily upon favorable outcomes from that process. The principal business, economic and other factors that affect PSE’s operations and financial performance include:
•The rates PSE is allowed to charge for its services;
•PSE’s ability to recover power costs that are included in rates which are based on volume;
•Weather conditions, including the impact of temperature on customer load; the impact of extreme weather events on budgeted maintenance costs; meteorological conditions such as snow-pack, stream-flow and wind-speed which affect power generation, supply and price;
•The effects of climate change, including changes in the environment that may affect energy costs or consumption, increase the Company’s costs, or adversely affect its operations;
•Regulatory decisions allowing PSE to recover purchased power and fuel costs, on a timely basis;
•PSE’s ability to supply electricity and natural gas, either through company-owned generation, purchase power contracts or by procuring natural gas or electricity in wholesale markets;
•Equal sharing between PSE and its customers of earnings which exceed PSE's authorized rate of return (ROR);
•Availability and access to capital and the cost of capital;
•Regulatory compliance costs, including those related to new and developing federal regulations of electric system reliability, state regulations of natural gas pipelines and federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations;
•Wholesale commodity prices of electricity and natural gas;
•Increasing capital expenditures with additional depreciation and amortization;
•Failure to complete capital projects on schedule and within budget or the abandonment of capital projects, either of which could result in the Company’s inability to recover project costs;
•Tax reform, the effect of lower tax rates, and regulatory treatment of excess deferred tax balances on rate base and customer rates;
•General economic conditions in PSE's service territory and its effects on customer growth and use-per-customer;
•Federal, state, and local taxes;
•Employee workforce factors, including potential strikes, work stoppages, transitions in senior management, and loss or retirement of key personnel and availability of qualified personnel;
•The effectiveness of PSE’s risk management policies and procedures;
•Cyber security attacks, data security breaches, or other malicious acts that cause damage to the Company’s generation and transmission facilities or information technology systems, or result in the release of confidential customer, employee, or Company information;
•Acts of war or terrorism;
•Risks due to pandemics, including supply shortages, rising costs, disruption to vendor or customer relationships, the potential for reputational harm, the impact of government, business and company closure of facilities, customer or contract defaults; concerns of safety to employees and customers, potential costs due to quarantining of employees and work-from-home policies.
Regulation of PSE Rates and Recovery of PSE Costs
PSE's regulatory requirements and operational needs require the investment of substantial capital in 2020 and future years. As PSE intends to seek recovery of these investments through the regulatory process, its financial results depend heavily upon outcomes from that process. The rates that PSE is allowed to charge for its services influence its financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. PSE is highly regulated and the rates that it charges its retail customers are approved by the Washington Commission. The Washington Commission has traditionally required these rates be determined based, to a large extent, on historic test year costs plus weather normalized assumptions about hydroelectric conditions and power costs in the relevant rate year. Incremental customer growth and sales typically have not provided sufficient revenue to cover general cost increases over time due to the combined effects of regulatory lag and attrition. Absent a resolution for the impact of lag and attrition, the Company will need to seek rate relief through a rate case on a regular and frequent basis in the foreseeable future. In addition, the Washington Commission determines whether the Company's expenses and capital investments are reasonable and prudent for the provision of cost-effective, reliable and safe electric and natural gas service. If the Washington Commission determines that a capital investment is not reasonable or prudent, the costs (including return on any resulting rate base) related to such capital investment may be disallowed, partially or entirely, and not recovered in rates.
Washington state law also requires PSE to pursue electric conservation that is cost-effective, reliable and feasible. PSE’s mandate to pursue electric conservation initiatives may have a negative impact on the electric business financial performance due to lost margins from lower sales volumes as variable power costs are not part of the decoupling mechanism. The Washington Commission also sets natural gas conservation achievement standards for PSE. The effects of achieving these standards will, however, have only a slight negative impact on natural gas business financial performance due to the natural gas business being almost fully decoupled.
General Rate Case Filing
PSE filed a general rate case (GRC) with the Washington Commission on June 20, 2019, requesting an overall increase in electric and natural gas rates of 6.9% and 7.9% respectively. PSE requested a return on equity of 9.8% with an overall rate of return of 7.62%. In addition to the traditional areas of focus (revenue requirements, cost allocation, rate design and cost of capital), the Company completed an attrition study and included a portion of the attrition revenue requirement in the overall request in order to address the expected regulatory lag in the rate year. Additionally, as the non-plant related excess deferred taxes that resulted from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) remained outstanding from PSE’s Expedited Rate Filing (ERF) as discussed below, PSE requested in its GRC to pass back the amounts over four years. On September 17, 2019, PSE filed supplemental testimony, which provided certain updates to the original filing, but did not impact the requested overall electric and natural gas rate increases, return on equity or overall rate of return as originally filed. On January 15, 2020, PSE filed rebuttal testimony which included a reduction to the requested return on equity to 9.5%, which decreased the rate of return to 7.48%. The requested rate increase for both electric and natural gas remained at 6.9% and 7.9%, respectively. For both electric and natural gas PSE did not originally request its full attrition adjustment; therefore, the decrease in return on equity led to a reduction in the electric rate increase of only $1.5 million and did not have an impact on the natural gas rate increase.
On March 17, 2020, PSE filed with the Commission a Motion to Extend the Suspension Date. In its Motion, PSE requested and agreed to waive the statutory deadline associated with the GRC Dockets for up to 60 days, from May 20, 2020, to July 20, 2020. PSE explained in its Motion that, in recent weeks, COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented global health crisis
impacting nearly all aspects of society, and that residents and businesses in the Company’s service territory have been severely impacted. PSE believes extending the suspension date in this proceeding would help mitigate the effects of any rate increases on customers, and would benefit the Commission to the extent there are any disruptions or delays to Commission operations as a result of the virus or its operational response thereto. On March 17, 2020, the Commission granted PSE's Motion to Extend the Suspension Date until July 20, 2020.
For further details regarding the 2019 GRC filing, see Note 7, "Regulations and Rates" to the consolidated financial statements included in part 1 of this report.
Expedited Rate Filing
On November 7, 2018, PSE filed an ERF with the Washington Commission. On January 22, 2019, all parties in the proceeding reached an agreement on settlement terms. The settlement agreement was filed on January 30, 2019. On February 21, 2019, the Commission approved the settlement with one condition. The settlement requires that PSE pass back the deferred balance associated with the tax over-collection of $34.6 million from January 1, 2018, through April 30, 2018, over a one-year period which began May 1, 2019.
For further details regarding the 2018 ERF, see Note 7, "Regulations and Rates" to the consolidated financial statements included in part 1 of this report.
Washington Commission Tax Deferral Filing
The TCJA was signed into law in December 2017. As a result of this change, PSE re-measured its deferred tax balances under the new corporate tax rate. PSE filed an accounting petition on December 29, 2017, requesting deferred accounting treatment for the impacts of tax reform. The deferred accounting treatment results in the tax rate change being captured in the deferred income tax balance with an offset to the regulatory liability for deferred income taxes. Additionally, on March 30, 2018, PSE filed for a rate change for electric and natural gas customers associated with TCJA to reflect the decrease in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. Other outcomes associated with PSE’s tax deferral filing are discussed in the ERF and GRC disclosures.
The Washington Commission approved the following PSE requests to change rates to reflect the new corporate tax rates:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Effective Date | Average Percentage Increase (Decrease) in Rates | | Increase (Decrease) in Revenue (Dollars in Millions) |
Electric: | | | |
May 1, 2018 | (3.4)% | | $(72.9) |
Natural Gas: | | | |
May 1, 2018 | (2.7)% | | $(23.6) |
Decoupling Filings
On December 5, 2017, the Washington Commission approved PSE’s request within the 2017 GRC to extend the decoupling mechanism with some changes to the methodology that took effect on December 19, 2017. Electric and natural gas delivery revenues will continue to be recovered on a per customer basis and electric fixed production energy costs will now be decoupled and recovered on the basis of a fixed monthly amount. Approved revenue per customer costs can only be changed in a GRC or ERF. Approved electric fixed production energy costs can also be changed in a power cost only rate case (PCORC). Other changes to the decoupling methodology approved by the Washington Commission include regrouping of electric and natural gas non-residential customers and the exclusion of certain electric schedules from the decoupling mechanism going forward. The rate cap, which limits the amount of previously deferred revenues PSE can collect in its annual filings, increased from 3.0% to 5.0% for natural gas customers but will remain at 3.0% for electric customers. The decoupling mechanism is to be reviewed again in PSE's first GRC filed in or after 2021, or in a separate proceeding, if appropriate. PSE’s decoupling mechanism over- and under- collections will still be collectible or refundable after this effective date even if the decoupling mechanism is not extended.
On February 21, 2019, the Washington Commission approved the multi-party settlement agreement which was filed within PSE’s ERF filing. As part of this settlement agreement, electric and natural gas allowed delivery revenue per customer was updated to reflect changes in the approved revenue requirement. For electric, there were no changes to the annual allowed fixed power cost revenue. The changes took effect on March 1, 2019.
On March 31, 2020, PSE performed an analysis to determine if electric and natural gas decoupling revenue deferrals would be collected from customers within 24 months of the annual period, per ASC 980. If not, for GAAP purposes only, PSE would need to record a reserve against the decoupling revenue and a corresponding regulatory asset balance. Once the reserve is probable of collection within 24 months from the end of the annual period, the reserve can be recognized as decoupling revenue. The analysis indicated that electric and natural gas deferred revenue will be collected within 24 months of the annual period; therefore, no adjustment was booked to 2020 decoupling revenue.
The Washington Commission approved the following PSE requests to change rates for prior deferrals under its electric and natural gas decoupling mechanisms:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Effective Date | Average Percentage Increase (Decrease) in Rates | | Increase (Decrease) in Revenue (Dollars in Millions)1 |
Electric: | | | |
May 1, 2020 | 0.2% | | $2.0 |
May 1, 2019 | 0.9 | | 20.6 |
May 1, 2018 | (1.1) | | (25.2) |
Natural Gas: | | | |
May 1, 2020 | (0.5)% | | $(4.8) |
May 1, 2019 | (5.3) | | (45.9) |
May 1, 2018 | 1.7 | | 15.9 |
_______________
1 For electric and natural gas rates effective May, 1, 2020 there were no excess earnings that impacted the approved revenue change. For electric and natural gas rates effective May, 1, 2019, there were no excess earnings that impacted the approved revenue change. For electric and natural gas rates effective May 1, 2018, the approved revenue change is net of reductions from excess earnings of $10.0 million for electric and $4.9 million for natural gas.
Electric Rates
Power Cost Adjustment Mechanism
PSE currently has a power cost adjustment (PCA) mechanism that provides for the deferral of power costs that vary from the “power cost baseline” level of power costs. The “power cost baseline” levels are set, in part, based on normalized assumptions about weather and hydroelectric conditions. Excess power costs or savings are apportioned between PSE and its customers pursuant to the graduated scale set forth in the PCA mechanism and will trigger a surcharge or refund when the cumulative deferral trigger is reached.
Effective January 1, 2017, the following graduated scale is used in the PCA mechanism:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Company's Share | | | | Customers’ Share | | |
Annual Power Cost Variability | Over | | Under | | Over | | Under |
Over or Under Collected by up to $17 million | 100% | | 100% | | —% | | —% |
Over or Under Collected by between $17 million - $40 million | 35 | | 50 | | 65 | | 50 |
Over or Under Collected beyond $40 + million | 10 | | 10 | | 90 | | 90 |
In September 2016, PSE filed an accounting petition with the Washington Commission which requested deferral of the variances, either positive or negative, between the fixed costs previously recovered in the PCA and the revenue received to cover the allowed fixed costs. The deferral period requested was January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2017, when rates were to go into effect from PSE's 2017 GRC. In November 2016, the Washington Commission issued Order No. 01 approving PSE’s accounting petition. With the final determination in PSE’s GRC, this deferral ceased with the rate effective date of December 19, 2017.
For the three months ended March 31, 2020, in its PCA mechanism, PSE under recovered its allowable costs by $25.1 million of which $4.0 million was apportioned to customers and $0.5 million of interest was accrued on the deferred customer balance. This compares to an under recovery of allowable costs of $43.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, of which $14.3 million was apportioned to customers and accrued no interest on the total deferred customer balance. Power costs were higher than the allowed baseline in the first quarter of 2020 which led to an increase in the PCA deferral although it was a lower under-collection compared to the same period in 2019, which also saw actual power costs that were higher than the baseline but by a larger margin, resulting in a higher under-collection. The higher under-collection in 2019 was the result of high power prices in the first quarter of 2019 due to cold weather in February and early March of 2019, which drove regional loads and demand for power up, and Westcoast pipeline capacity limitations, which contributed to higher natural gas and power prices.
Power Cost Adjustment Clause Filing
On July 1, 2019, PSE updated its Schedule 95 rates in the Power Cost Adjustment Clause tariff to reflect the transition fee as required by Section 12 of the Microsoft Special Contract. Additionally, Schedule 95 rates also include portions of fixed power cost adjustments per the allowed decoupling rate re-allocation effective April 1, 2019, resulting from Microsoft becoming a transportation customer as well as small variable power cost adjustments.
The following table sets forth power cost adjustment clause filing approved by the Washington Commission and the corresponding expected annual impact on PSE’s revenue based on the effective dates:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Effective Date | Average Percentage Increase (Decrease) in Rates | | Increase (Decrease) in Revenue (Dollars in Millions) |
July 1, 20191 | (1.2)% | | $(24.9) |
May 1, 2019 | 0.1 | | 3.3 |
_______________
1.The rates will be zeroed out following the July 2019 through June 2020 period. The actual residual amount resulting at July 31, 2020 will be included in the electric Schedule 129 Low Income Program rates that become effective October 1, 2020.
Electric Conservation Rider
The electric conservation rider collects revenue to cover the costs incurred in providing services and programs for conservation. Rates change annually on May 1 to collect the annual budget that started the prior January and to true-up for actual compared to forecast conservation expenditures from the prior year, as well as actual compared to the forecasted load set in rates.
The following table sets forth conservation rider rate adjustments approved by the Washington Commission and the corresponding expected annual impact on PSE’s revenue based on the effective dates:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Effective Date | Average Percentage Increase (Decrease) in Rates | | Increase (Decrease) in Revenue (Dollars in Millions) |
May 1, 2020 | 0.9% | | $17.8 |
May 1, 2019 | (0.9) | | (17.5) |
May 1, 2018 | (0.8) | | (18.0) |
Electric Property Tax Tracker Mechanism
The purpose of the property tax tracker mechanism is to pass through the cost of all property taxes incurred by the Company. The mechanism was implemented in 2013 and removed property taxes from general rates and included those costs for recovery in an adjusting tariff rate. After the implementation, the mechanism acts as a tracker rate schedule and collects the total amount of property taxes assessed. The tracker is adjusted each year in May based on that year's assessed property taxes and true-up from the prior year.
The following table sets forth property tax tracker mechanism rate adjustments approved by the Washington Commission and the corresponding expected annual impact on PSE’s revenue based on the effective dates:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Effective Date | Average Percentage Increase (Decrease) in Rates | | Increase (Decrease) in Revenue (Dollars in Millions) |
May 1, 2020 | 0.07% | | $1.4 |
May 1, 2019 | (0.2) | | (5.1) |
May 1, 2018 | (0.1) | | (1.3) |
Federal Incentive Tracker Tariff
The Federal Incentive Tracker Tariff passes through to customers the benefits associated with the wind-related treasury grants. The filing results in a credit back to customers for pass-back of treasury grant amortization and pass-through of interest and any related true-ups. The filing is adjusted annually for new federal benefits, actual versus forecast interest and to true-up for actual load being different than the forecasted load set in rates. Rates change annually on January 1. Additionally, this tracker is impacted by the TCJA previously discussed. Accordingly, PSE filed for a one-time rate change to be effective May 1, 2018, to recognize the decrease in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%.
The following table sets forth the federal incentive tracker tariff revenue requirement approved by the Washington Commission and the corresponding expected annual impact on PSE’s revenue based on the effective dates:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Effective Date | Average Percentage Increase (Decrease) in Rates from prior year | | Total credit to be passed back to eligible customers (Dollars in Millions) |
January 1, 2020 | (0.04)% | | $(37.8) |
January 1, 2019 | 0.1 | | (38.7) |
Residential Exchange Benefit
The residential exchange program passes through the residential exchange program benefits that PSE receives from the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). Rates change biennially on October 1.
The following table sets forth residential exchange benefit adjustments approved by the Washington Commission and the corresponding expected annual impact on PSE’s revenue based on the effective dates:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Effective Date | Average Percentage Increase (Decrease) in Rates | | Total credit to be passed back to eligible customers (Dollars in Millions) |
October 12, 2019 | 0.01% | | $(81.8) |
October 1, 2017 | (0.6) | | (80.8) |
Natural Gas Rates
Natural Gas Conservation Rider
The natural gas conservation rider collects revenue to cover the costs incurred in providing services and programs for conservation. Rates change annually on May 1 to collect the annual budget that started the prior January and to true-up for actual compared to forecast conservation expenditures from the prior year, as well as actual compared to the forecasted load set in rates.
The following table sets forth conservation rider rate adjustments approved by the Washington Commission and the corresponding expected annual impact on PSE’s revenue based on the effective dates:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Effective Date | Average Percentage Increase (Decrease) in Rates | | Increase (Decrease) in Revenue (Dollars in Millions) |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
May 1, 2020 | 0.4% | | $3.5 |
May 1, 2019 | 0.1 | | 1.1 |
Natural Gas Property Tax Tracker Mechanism
The purpose of the property tax tracker mechanism is to pass through the cost of all property taxes incurred by the Company. The mechanism was implemented in 2013 and removed property taxes from general rates and included those costs for recovery in an adjusting tariff rate. After the implementation, the mechanism acts as a tracker rate schedule and collects the total amount of property taxes assessed. The tracker is adjusted each year in May based on that year's assessed property taxes and true-up from the prior year.
The following table sets forth property tax tracker mechanism rate adjustments approved by the Washington Commission and the corresponding expected annual impact on PSE’s revenue based on the effective dates:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Effective Date | Average Percentage Increase (Decrease) in Rates | | Increase (Decrease) in Revenue (Dollars in Millions) |
May 1, 2020 | (0.3)% | | $(2.8) |
May 1, 2019 | (0.2) | | (1.6) |
May 1, 2018 | (0.2) | | (2.2) |
Natural Gas Cost Recovery Mechanism
The purpose of the cost recovery mechanism (CRM) is to recover capital costs related to projects included in PSE's pipeline replacement program plan on file with the Washington Commission with the intended effect of enhancing the safety of the natural gas distribution system. Rates change annually on November 1.
The following table sets forth CRM rate adjustments approved by the Washington Commission and the corresponding expected annual impact on PSE’s revenue based on the effective dates:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Effective Date | Average Percentage Increase (Decrease) in Rates | | Increase (Decrease) in Revenue (Dollars in Millions) |
November 1, 2019 | 0.8% | | $7.0 |
November 1, 2018 | 0.5 | | 5.0 |
Purchased Gas Adjustment
PSE has a PGA mechanism that allows PSE to recover expected natural gas supply and transportation costs and defer, as a receivable or liability, any natural gas supply and transportation costs that exceed or fall short of this expected natural gas cost amount in PGA mechanism rates, including accrued interest. PSE is authorized by the Washington Commission to accrue carrying costs on PGA receivable and payable balances. A receivable or payable balance in the PGA mechanism reflects an under recovery or over recovery, respectively, of natural gas cost through the PGA mechanism. Rates typically change annually on November 1, although out-of-cycle rate changes are allowed at other times of the year if needed.
On April 25, 2019, the Washington Commission approved PSE’s request for an out-of-cycle change to PGA rates with the rate change taking effect May 1, 2019. The out-of-cycle PGA filing was needed to begin amortizing a large PGA commodity deferral balance that had grown due to higher than projected commodity costs during the 2018/19 winter. These higher than projected commodity costs were primarily due to an October 9, 2018, rupture and subsequent explosion on Westcoast Pipeline which is one of the major pipelines feeding PSE’s distribution system. The pipeline was repaired in October 2018, however supply capacity on the pipeline was limited over the 2018/19 winter leading to higher prices. February weather was also much colder than normal which also increased the demand for natural gas. The amortization period will be from May 2019 through April 2020. Following the recovery period, any remaining balances of the out-of-cycle PGA supplemental filing will be rolled into regular annual PGA filing effective November 1, 2020.
On October 24, 2019, the Washington Commission approved PSE’s request for November 2019 PGA rates, with the rate change taking effect on November 1, 2019. As part of that filing, PSE requested PGA rates increase annual revenue by $17.8 million, while the new tracker rates increased by annual revenue of $100.6 million; this was in addition to continuing the collection on the remaining balance of $54.0 million from the out-of-cycle PGA. The tracker rates include deferral balances for the three separate amounts: (i) $114.4 million of under collected commodity balances deferred in February and March; (ii) a $10.8 million balance of over-collected commodity costs for the 2018 PGA, and (iii) a $4.1 million remaining balance from the $54.7 million credit to customers, caused by the 2017 over-collection, established in the 2018 tracker. The high commodity deferral balances for winter months through March 2019 were the result of three noteworthy events last winter experienced by PSE: the Enbridge pipeline rupture, unusually low temperatures in February and March, and a compressor failure in February at the Jackson Prairie storage facility. Additionally, to reduce customer impact, as part of the approved PGA filing, PSE will be collecting $114.4 million commodity deferrals and related interest over a two year period, instead of the historic one year period, from November 2019 through October 2021.
As of December 31, 2018, PSE had a beginning PGA receivable balance of $9.9 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, PSE incurred actual natural gas costs of $224.7 million, of which $98.1 million was recovered through rates. The difference between actual and allowed costs, less interest $0.6 million, resulted in a PGA receivable of $137.1 million. As of December 31, 2019, PSE had a beginning PGA receivable balance of $132.8 million. For three months ended March 31, 2020, PSE incurred actual natural gas costs of $114.4 million, of which $157.2 million was recovered through rates. The difference between actual and allowed costs, plus interest of $1.4 million, resulted in a PGA receivable of $91.3 million.
The following table sets forth the PGA rate adjustments approved by the Washington Commission and the corresponding expected annual impact on PSE’s revenue based on the effective date:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Effective Date | Average Percentage Increase (Decrease) in Rates | | Increase (Decrease) in Revenue (Dollars in Millions) |
November 1, 2019 | 13.4% | | $118.3 |
May 1, 2019 | 6.3 | | 54.0 |
November 1, 2018 | (10.9) | | (98.4) |
Other Proceedings
Microsoft Special Contract
Following discussions between PSE, the Microsoft Corporation, and others, and after completing a negotiated regulatory process, the Washington Commission issued an order in July 2017 approving a special contract between PSE and Microsoft relating to retail access for Microsoft loads currently being served under PSE’s electric Schedule 40. The special contract includes the following conditions: (i) Microsoft must exceed Washington State’s current renewable portfolio standards, (ii) the remainder of power sold to Microsoft must be carbon free, (iii) there will be no reduction in Microsoft's funding of PSE’s conservation programs, (iv) Microsoft paid a transition fee that was a straight pass-through to customers and (v) Microsoft will fund enhanced low-income support. Microsoft began taking service under the special contract on April 1, 2019, after meeting the eligibility requirements under the special contract.
Voluntary Long-Term Renewable Energy
Effective September 2016, the Washington Commission approved PSE's tariff revision to create an additional voluntary renewable energy product. This provides customers with electric generation resource options to help them meet their sustainability goals. Incremental costs of the program will be allocated to the voluntary participants of the program as is the case with PSE’s existing Green Power programs. PSE offered this service, Green Direct, to larger customers (aggregated annual loads greater than 10,000 MWh) and government customers. The initial resource option offered under this rate schedule is a new wind generation facility with the capacity of approximately 136.8 MW currently under construction in the region by a developer under contract to PSE. The project is fully subscribed and is expected to begin generating power in 2020. Twenty-one customers will receive the anticipated output of the project.
In July 2018, the Washington Commission approved a second phase of the Green Direct product. The phase 2 offering will be a blend of the phase 1 wind and a solar project to be built in Washington. Phase 1 customers will receive wind through 2020 and then are expected to receive the blended energy in March 2021. An additional twenty customers will start receiving energy through phase 2 of the program by March 2021.
Crisis Affected Customer Assistance Program
On April 6, 2020, PSE filed with the Washington Commission revisions to its currently effective Tariff WN U-60. The purpose of this filing is to incorporate into PSE’s low-income tariff a new temporary bill assistance program, Crisis Affected Customer Assistance Program (CACAP), to mitigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on PSE’s customers. CACAP would allow PSE customers facing financial hardship due to COVID-19 to receive up to $1,000 in bill assistance. The program puts to immediate use $11.0 million in unspent low income funds from prior years, and supplements other forms of financial assistance. The program does not require an increase to rates and is fully compatible with other low-income programs. The program will automatically end when all of the funds are disbursed. Based on the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting state of emergency, the Washington Commission allowed the tariff revisions to become effective on April 13, 2020.
For additional information, see Note 7, "Regulation and Rates" to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this report.
Access to Debt Capital
PSE relies on access to bank borrowings and short-term money markets as sources of liquidity and longer-term capital markets to fund its utility construction program, to meet maturing debt obligations and other capital expenditure requirements not satisfied by cash flow from its operations or equity investment from its parent, Puget Energy. Neither Puget Energy nor PSE have any debt outstanding whose maturity would accelerate upon a credit rating downgrade. However, a ratings downgrade could adversely affect the Company's ability to refinance existing or issue new long-term debt, obtain access to new or renew existing credit facilities and could increase the cost of issuing long-term debt and maintaining credit facilities. For example, under Puget Energy's and PSE's credit facilities, the borrowing costs increase as their respective credit ratings decline due to increases in credit spreads and commitment fees. If PSE is unable to access debt capital on reasonable terms, its ability to pursue improvements or generating capacity acquisitions, which may be relied on for future growth and to otherwise implement its strategy, could be adversely affected. PSE monitors the credit environment and expects to continue to be able to access the capital markets to meet its short-term and long-term borrowing needs.
Regulatory Compliance Costs and Expenditures
PSE's operations are subject to extensive federal, state and local laws and regulations. These regulations cover electric system reliability, natural gas pipeline system safety and energy market transparency, among other areas. Environmental laws and regulations related to air and water quality, including climate change and endangered species protection, waste handling
and disposal (including generation by-products such as coal ash), remediation of contamination and siting new facilities also impact the Company's operations. PSE must spend a significant amount of resources to fulfill requirements set by regulatory agencies, many of which have greatly expanded mandates on measures including resource planning, remediation, monitoring, pollution control equipment and emissions-related abatement and fees.
Compliance with these or other future regulations, such as those pertaining to climate change, could require significant capital expenditures by PSE and may adversely affect PSE's financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
Other Challenges and Strategies
Competition
PSE’s electric and natural gas utility retail customers generally do not have the ability to choose their electric or natural gas supplier; and therefore, PSE’s business has historically been recognized as a natural monopoly. However, PSE faces competition from public utility districts and municipalities that want to establish their own municipal-owned utility, as a result of which PSE may lose a number of customers. PSE also faces increasing competition for sales to its retail customers through alternative methods of electric energy generation, including solar and other self-generation methods. In addition, PSE’s natural gas customers may elect to use heating oil, propane or other fuels instead of using and purchasing natural gas from PSE.
Results of Operations
Puget Sound Energy
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this document. The following discussion provides the significant items that impacted PSE’s results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019, and 2020.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures - Electric and Natural Gas Margins
The following discussion includes financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP, as well as two other financial measures, electric margin and natural gas margin, that are considered “non-GAAP financial measures.” Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s financial performance, financial position or cash flows that includes adjustments that result in a departure from GAAP presentation. The presentation of electric margin and natural gas margin is intended to supplement an understanding of PSE’s operating performance. Electric margin and natural gas margin are used by PSE to determine whether PSE is collecting the appropriate amount of revenue from its customers in order to provide adequate recovery of operating costs, including interest and equity returns. PSE’s electric margin and natural gas margin measures may not be comparable to other companies’ electric margin and natural gas margin measures. Furthermore, these measures are not intended to replace operating income as determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of operating performance.
Electric Margin
Electric margin represents electric sales to retail and transportation customers less the cost of generating and purchasing electric energy sold to customers, including transmission costs, to bring electric energy to PSE's service territory.
The following chart displays the details of PSE's electric margin changes for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2020:
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* Includes decoupling cash collections, ROR excess earnings, and decoupling 24-month revenue reserve.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 compared to 2020
Electric Operating Revenue
Electric operating revenues decreased $129.8 million from the prior year primarily due to a decrease in other revenues of $86.4 million, a decrease in electric retail sales of $36.1 million, a decrease in sales to other utilities of $10.0 million, and a decrease in other decoupling revenue of $6.9 million partially offset by decoupling revenue of $9.5 million. These items are discussed in detail below.
•Electric retail sales decreased $36.1 million due to a decrease of $26.8 million from reduced retail electricity usage, or 4.3%, and a decrease in rates of $9.3 million compared to the prior year. The reduction was due to a decrease of industrial, commercial and residential customer usage of 6.0%, 7.8% and 1.7%, respectively, which was driven by a decrease in heating degree days of 3.5%; partially offset by an increase in retail customers of 1.4% compared to 2019. See Management's Discussion and Analysis, "Regulation and Rates" included in Item 2 of this report for rate changes.
•Sales to other utilities decreased $10.0 million due to a 50.0% decrease in price partially offset by a 25.6% increase in sales volume. During the first quarter of 2019, wholesale prices increased 115.7% due to spot power prices at Mid-Columbia that increased to an 18-year high largely driven by record-breaking natural gas prices. In addition, an increase in volumes from an additional 111.8% of combustion turbine (CT) generation as a result of favorable heat rates and increased demand for wholesale market power contributed to the strong revenue in the 2019 period.
•Decoupling revenue increased $9.5 million, the combination of a $6.4 million increase in PCA Fixed Cost Deferral revenues and a $3.1 million increase in delivery deferral revenues, primarily attributable to decreased usage, as noted
above in the retail sales section. This resulted in allowed electric revenues being greater than actual electric revenues in the current year, compared to less than actual electric revenues in the prior year.
•Other decoupling revenue decreased $6.9 million, primarily due to a $3.4 million increase in current year amortization of prior year under-collection, which was driven by higher amortization rates, offset in part by decreased usage, as noted above in the retail sales section. In addition, other decoupling revenues related to earnings in excess of allowed rate of return declined year-over year. In 2019, $2.7 million was passed back to customers; in the current year period, there were no pass backs.
•Transportation and other revenue decreased $86.4 million primarily due to a decrease in net wholesale non-core gas sales of $91.6 million and a decrease in production tax credit (PTC) deferral revenue of $3.6 million for the re-purpose of the PTCs; partially offset by an increase if tax reform deferrals in 2020 for revenue subject to refunds of $6.6 million. The decrease in net wholesale non-core gas sales was due to an approximately 84% decrease in the average price of the non-core gas sold in 2020 compared to 2019 and a 24% decrease in sales volume resulting in a $125.7 million decrease in sales, offset by a $36.0 million decrease in the total cost of the non-core gas sold due to an approximately 55% decrease in the average price of non-core gas purchases. Natural gas prices trended down in 2020 due to a combination of high gas production, mild winter weather and surplus storage, while the 2019 gas prices were very high due to the effect of the Enbridge pipeline rupture in late 2018 which led to a decrease in pipeline capacity in the region at the same time that there was compressor issues at a gas storage facility limiting gas deliverability, and higher than expected load due to the cold weather in 2019. Also contributing to the net decrease in wholesale non-core gas sales was a $1.5 million increase gas hedging costs.
Electric Power Costs
Electric power costs decreased $118.1 million primarily due to a decrease of $105.0 million of purchased electricity costs and $13.6 million of electric generation fuel expenses. These items are discussed in detail below.
•Purchased electricity expense decreased $105.0 million primarily due to a 19.2% decrease in wholesale electricity purchases and a 24.3% decrease in wholesale prices. The decrease in purchases was primarily driven by a decrease in load and a decrease in other contracted resources and non-firm energy of 30.0% and 24.0%, respectively, driving an 69.4% increase in combustion turbine generation.
•Electric generation fuel expense decreased $13.6 million primarily due to a $8.1 million decrease in Colstrip related to the retirement of Units 1 and 2 and a $5.4 million decrease in combustion turbine generation costs primarily driven by a 46.8% in cost of natural gas. Natural gas prices trended down in 2020 due to a combination of high gas production, mild winter weather and surplus storage, while the 2019 gas prices were very high due to the effect of the Enbridge pipeline rupture in late 2018 which led to a decrease in pipeline capacity in the region at the same time that there was compressor issues at a gas storage facility limiting gas deliverability, and higher than expected load due to the cold weather in 2019..
Natural Gas Margin
Natural gas margin is natural gas sales to retail and transportation customers less the cost of natural gas purchased, including transportation costs to bring natural gas to PSE’s service territory. The PGA mechanism passes through increases or decreases in the natural gas supply portion of the natural gas service rates to customers based upon changes in the price of natural gas purchased from producers and wholesale marketers or changes in natural gas pipeline transportation costs. PSE's margin or net income is not affected by changes under the PGA mechanism because over- and under- recoveries of natural gas costs included in baseline PGA rates are deferred and either refunded to or collected from customers in future periods.
The following chart displays the details of PSE's natural gas margin changes for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2020:
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* Includes decoupling cash collections, ROR excess earnings, and decoupling 24-month revenue reserve.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 compared to 2020
Natural Gas Operating Revenue
Natural gas operating revenue increased $66.4 million primarily due to an increase of $42.6 million in total retail sales, an increase of $5.7 million in decoupling revenue, an increase of $18.0 million in other decoupling revenue. These items are discussed in detail below.
•Natural gas retail sales revenue increased $42.6 million due to an increase in rates of $57.4 million partially offset by a decrease in natural gas load of 4.5%, or $14.8 million of natural gas sales. Natural gas load decreased primarily due to a 5.3% decrease in average therms used by residential customers and a 3.3% decrease by commercial firm customers, compared to 2019, attributable to a 3.5% decrease in heating degree days. See Management's Discussion and Analysis, "Regulation and Rates" included in Item 2 of this report for natural gas rate changes.
•Decoupling revenue increased $5.7 million, primarily attributable to a higher allowed rate per customer and decreased usage, as noted above in the retail sales revenue section. This resulted in allowed natural gas revenues being greater than actual natural gas revenues in the current year, whereas they were less than actual natural gas revenues in the prior year.
•Other decoupling revenue increased $18.0 million, primarily due to an increase of $19.8 million attributable to lower current year amortization of prior year overcollection, resulting from lower amortization rates and decreased usage, as noted above in the retail revenue section. This was offset by a $1.8 million decline related to earnings in excess of allowed rate of return. In 2019, $1.8 million was passed back to customers; in the current year, there were no pass backs.
Natural Gas Energy Costs
Purchased natural gas expense increased $55.5 million due to an increase in the PGA rates in November 2019 and the addition of two supplemental gas commodity costs amortization rates in 2019 which were added in order to recover the large amount of gas costs that PSE incurred in late 2018 and early 2019 due to the Enbridge pipeline explosion; partially offset by a decrease in natural gas usage of 4.5%.
Other Operating Expenses and Other Income (Deductions)
The following chart displays the details of PSE's operating expenses and other income (deductions) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2020:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 compared to 2020
Other Operating Expenses
•Net unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments decreased $63.7 million to a net loss of $48.5 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. One of the drivers for the change related to the net settlements of electric and natural gas trades previously recorded as $44.3 million and $17.2 million in losses, respectively. The other driver related to the change in the weighted average forward prices for electric and natural gas. Specifically, electric prices decreased 28.09% resulting in $83.3 million loss for electricity. Gas price decreased 31.39% resulting in $41.9 million loss for natural gas.
•Utility operations and maintenance expense decreased $3.0 million primarily due to a decrease in electric bad debt expense of $1.5 million due to an improved collection process and lower software and hardware maintenance contracts of $0.9 million due to savings as well as timing;
•Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $21.8 million primarily driven by: (i) electric amortization decreased by $14.7 million or 41.2% from 2019. The decrease is primarily driven by the $2.4 million in deferral treatment of meter assets amortization effective March 1, 2019, as submitted to Washington Commission and $6.4 million in amortization for the regulatory liability associated with revised power cost Schedule 95 effective July 1, 2019.; (ii) conservation amortization decreased by $5.9 million; (iii) common amortization decreased by $4.7 million or 20.0% from 2019. The decrease is primarily driven by the $9.6 million in deferral treatment of IT amortization effective May 1, 2019, as submitted to the Washington Commission but offset by $78.0 million in net additions to computer software. Additionally, the decreases were partially offset by (iv) electric distribution depreciation increased a net of $2.3 million or 6.8% from 2019. The increase is primarily due to $146.6 million in net additions of electrical distribution assets; and (v) natural gas distribution depreciation increased by $2.0 million or 7.4% from 2019. The increase is primarily due to $249.0 million in net additions in natural gas distribution assets.
•Taxes other than income taxes decreased $3.2 million primarily due to a decrease of $2.6 million related to the property tax tracker due to load.
Income Tax Expense
•Income tax expense decreased $5.6 million primarily driven by a decrease in pre-tax income.
Puget Energy
Primarily, all operations of Puget Energy are conducted through PSE. Puget Energy's net income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, is as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 compared to 2020
Summary Results of Operation
Puget Energy’s net income decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2020, by $37.3 million primarily due to a decrease in PSE's net income compared to the same period in the prior year.
Capital Requirements
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
In addition to the contractual obligations and consolidated commercial commitments disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, during the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company entered into new Electric Portfolio and Electric Wholesale Market Transaction contracts with estimated payment obligations totaling $473.7 million through 2037.
For further information, see Note 16, "Commitments and Contingencies" to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of the Company's Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2019.
The following are the Company's aggregate availability under commercial commitments as of March 31, 2020:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Energy and Puget Sound Energy | Amount of Available Commitments Expiration Per Period | | | | | | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | Total | | 2020 | | 2021-2022 | | 2023-2024 | | Thereafter |
Commercial commitments: | | | | | | | | | |
PSE revolving credit facility | $ | 740,000 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 740,000 | | | $ | — | |
Inter-company short-term debt | 30,000 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 30,000 | |
Total PSE commercial commitments | 770,000 | | | — | | | — | | | 740,000 | | | 30,000 | |
Puget Energy revolving credit facility | 768,500 | | | — | | | — | | | 768,500 | | | — | |
Less: Inter-company short-term debt elimination | (30,000) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (30,000) | |
Total Puget Energy commercial commitments | $ | 1,508,500 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,508,500 | | | $ | — | |
For further discussion, see Management's Discussion and Analysis, "Financing Program" in Item 2.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of March 31, 2020, the Company had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on the Company's financial condition.
Utility Construction Program
PSE’s construction programs for generating facilities, the electric transmission system, the natural gas and electric distribution systems and the Tacoma LNG facility are designed to meet regulatory requirements, support customer growth and to improve energy system reliability. Construction expenditures, excluding equity allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC), totaled $225.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Presently planned utility construction expenditures, excluding equity AFUDC, are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Capital Expenditure Projections | | | | | |
(Dollars in Millions) | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2022 |
Total energy delivery, technology and facilities expenditures | $965.5 | | $1,031.1 | | $1,023.7 |
The program is subject to change based upon general business, economic and regulatory conditions. Utility construction expenditures and any new generation resource expenditures may be funded from a combination of sources which may include cash from operations, short-term debt, long-term debt and/or equity. PSE’s planned capital expenditures may result in a level of spending that will exceed its cash flow from operations. As a result, execution of PSE’s strategy is dependent in part on continued access to capital markets.
Capital Resources
Cash from Operations
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Sound Energy | Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | Change |
Net income | $ | 111,321 | | | $ | 147,302 | | | $ | (35,981) | |
Non-cash items1 | 215,063 | | | 188,451 | | | 26,612 | |
Changes in cash flow resulting from working capital2 | 24,754 | | | 60,743 | | | (35,989) | |
Regulatory assets and liabilities | (16,865) | | | (15,838) | | | (1,027) | |
Purchased gas adjustment | 41,429 | | | | (137,092) | | | | 178,521 | |
Other non-current assets and liabilities3 | (23,801) | | | (11,959) | | | (11,842) | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 351,901 | | | $ | 231,607 | | | $ | 120,294 | |
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1 Non-cash items include depreciation, amortization, deferred income taxes, net unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, AFUDC-equity, PTCs and
other miscellaneous non-cash items.
2 Changes in working capital include receivables, unbilled revenue, materials/supplies, fuel/gas inventory, income taxes, prepayment, PGA, accounts
payable and accrued expenses.
3 Other non-current assets and liabilities include funding of pension liability.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 compared to 2019
Cash generated from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by $120.3 million including a net income decrease of $36.0 million. The following are significant factors that impacted PSE's cash flows from operations:
•Cash flow adjustments resulting from non-cash items increased $26.6 million primarily due to a $63.7 million change from a net unrealized gain on derivative instruments of $15.2 million to a net unrealized loss on derivative instruments of $48.5 million, offset by decreases in depreciation and amortization of $15.9 million, amortization of TCJA Over Collection of $10.6 million, conservation amortization of $5.9 million, deferred income taxes of $7.1 million. For further details, see Management's Discussion and Analysis, "Other Operating Expenses" in Item 2.
•Cash flows resulting from changes in working capital decreased $36.0 million. Cash outflow in Accounts payable increased $81.9 million, which was mainly due to payment of significant power and natural gas costs accrued at December 31, 2019 that were paid in 2020. The increase of cash outflow in Account payable was partially offset by $45.6 million increase of cash inflow in Account receivable.
•Cash flow resulting from purchased gas adjustment (long-term) increased $178.5 million primarily due to actual natural gas costs were above natural gas baseline rates in the PGA mechanism in 2019 primarily due to a PGA rate increase in November 2019.
•Cash flow resulting from changes in other non-current assets and liabilities decreased $11.8 million primarily due to an decrease in SERP liability offset with other changes in long-term assets and liabilities.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Puget Energy | Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | |
(Dollars in Thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | Change |
Net income | $ | (16,385) | | | $ | (15,148) | | | $ | (1,237) | |
Non-cash items1 | (932) | | | (5,260) | | | 4,328 | |
Changes in cash flow resulting from working capital2 | (19,998) | | | (11,498) | | | (8,500) | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Other non-current assets and liabilities3 | (3,215) | | | (1,504) | | | (1,711) | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | (40,530) | | | $ | (33,410) | | | $ | (7,120) | |
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1 Non-cash items include depreciation, amortization, deferred income taxes, net unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, AFUDC-equity, PTCs and
other miscellaneous non-cash items.
2 Changes in working capital include receivables, unbilled revenue, materials/supplies, fuel/gas inventory, income taxes, prepayments, PGA, accounts payable and accrued expenses.
3 Other noncurrent assets and liabilities include funding of pension liability.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 compared to 2019
Cash generated from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020, in addition to the changes discussed at PSE above, decreased by $7.1 million compared to the same period in 2019, which includes a net income decrease of $1.2 million. The remaining change was primarily impacted by the factors explained below:
•Non-cash items increased $4.3 million due to changes in deferred taxes.
•Cash flow resulting from working capital decreased $8.5 million primarily due to changes in Account payable.
Financing Program
The Company’s external financing requirements principally reflect the cash needs of its construction program, its schedule of maturing debt and certain operational needs. The Company anticipates refinancing the redemption of bonds or other long-term borrowings with its credit facilities and/or the issuance of new long-term debt. Access to funds depends upon factors such as Puget Energy’s and PSE’s credit ratings, prevailing interest rates and investor receptivity to investing in the utility industry, Puget Energy and PSE. The Company believes it has sufficient liquidity through its credit facilities and access to capital markets to fund its needs over the next twelve months.
Proceeds from PSE’s short-term borrowings and sales of commercial paper are used to provide working capital and the interim funding of utility construction programs. Puget Energy and PSE continue to have reasonable access to the capital and credit markets.
As a result of the COVID-19 outbreak and its impact on the economy and capital markets, the Company is carefully monitoring cash receipts from customers and any impacts on the Company’s liquidity which may affect its ability to fund safe, reliable and dependable service for our customers. Our initiative to suspend disconnections of customers for non-payment, the receipt of the Washington Commission approval to waive late fees, and our request of, the Washington Commission to waive the statutory deadline for the Company’s General Rate Case for up to 60 days, from May 20, 2020, until July 20, 2020, will likely impact future cash receipts. In addition, commercial paper markets were significantly impacted for a period of time due to COVID-19, which limited commercial paper borrowings and alternatively the Company drew short term funding from its credit facility. The commercial paper market, while somewhat improved, has not returned to pre-COVID-19 conditions. In the future, the Company expects to draw on its credit facility and will access commercial paper markets when it is able to do so. To ensure the Company’s liquidity during the economic uncertainty, since April 1, 2020, the Company has maintained a minimum cash reserve of $100 million, which is intended to be utilized to cover cash disbursements in the event of illiquid markets. The Company will rely on its credit facilities and, when available, the commercial paper markets to fund the minimum cash reserve. Evolving factors that we cannot accurately predict, including the duration and scope of the pandemic, and any relevant governmental, business and customers’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic, could negatively impact the Company’s liquidity.
Puget Sound Energy
Credit Facility
As of March 31, 2020, PSE had an $800.0 million credit facility to meet short-term liquidity needs. The credit facility includes a swingline feature allowing same day availability on borrowings up to $75.0 million. The credit facility has an expansion feature which, upon the banks' approval, would increase the total size of the facility to $1.4 billion. The unsecured revolving credit facility matures in October 2023.
The credit agreement is syndicated among numerous lenders and contains usual and customary affirmative and negative covenants that, among other things, place limitations on PSE's ability to transact with affiliates, make asset dispositions and investments or permit liens to exist. The credit agreement also contains a financial covenant of total debt to total capitalization of 65.0% or less. PSE certifies its compliance with such covenants to participating banks each quarter. As of March 31, 2020, PSE was in compliance with all applicable covenant ratios.
The credit agreement provides PSE with the ability to borrow at different interest rate options. The credit agreement allows PSE to borrow at the bank's prime rate or to make floating rate advances at the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a spread that is based upon PSE's credit rating. PSE must pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the credit facility. The spreads and the commitment fee depend on PSE's credit ratings. As of the date of this report, the spread to the LIBOR is 1.25% and the commitment fee is 0.175%.
As of March 31, 2020, $60.0 million was drawn under PSE's credit facility and $16.0 million was outstanding under the commercial paper program. Outside of the credit agreement, PSE had a $2.8 million letter of credit in support of a long-term transmission contract and a $1.0 million letter of credit in support of natural gas purchases in Canada.
Demand Promissory Note
In 2006, PSE entered into a revolving credit facility with Puget Energy, in the form of a credit agreement and a demand promissory note (Note) pursuant to which PSE may borrow up to $30.0 million from Puget Energy subject to approval by Puget Energy. Under the terms of the Note, PSE pays interest on the outstanding borrowings based on the lower of the weighted-average interest rates of PSE’s outstanding commercial paper interest rate or PSE’s senior unsecured revolving credit facility. Absent such borrowings, interest is charged at one-month LIBOR plus 0.25%. As of March 31, 2020, PSE had no outstanding balance under the Note.
Debt Restrictive Covenants
The type and amount of future long-term financings for PSE may be limited by provisions in PSE's electric and natural gas mortgage indentures.
PSE’s ability to issue additional secured debt may also be limited by certain restrictions contained in its electric and natural gas mortgage indentures. Under the most restrictive tests at March 31, 2020, PSE could issue:
•Approximately $2.0 billion of additional first mortgage bonds under PSE’s electric mortgage indenture based on approximately $3.3 billion of electric bondable property available for issuance, subject to an interest coverage ratio limitation of 2.0 times net earnings available for interest (as defined in the electric utility mortgage), which PSE exceeded at March 31, 2020; and
•Approximately $726.0 million of additional first mortgage bonds under PSE’s natural gas mortgage indenture based on approximately $1.2 billion of natural gas bondable property available for issuance, subject to a combined natural gas and electric interest coverage test of 1.75 times net earnings available for interest and a natural gas interest coverage test of 2.0 times net earnings available for interest (as defined in the natural gas utility mortgage), both of which PSE exceeded at March 31, 2020.
At March 31, 2020, PSE had approximately $7.8 billion in electric and natural gas rate base to support the interest coverage ratio limitation test for net earnings available for interest.
Shelf Registrations
On August 2, 2019, PSE filed a new shelf registration statement under which it may issue, up to $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior notes secured by first mortgage bonds. As of the date of this report, $550.0 million was available to be issued. The shelf registration will expire in August 2022.
Dividend Payment Restrictions
The payment of dividends by PSE to Puget Energy is restricted by provisions of certain covenants applicable to long-term debt contained in PSE’s electric and natural gas mortgage indentures. At March 31, 2020, approximately $1.0 billion of unrestricted retained earnings was available for the payment of dividends under the most restrictive mortgage indenture covenant.
Pursuant to the terms of the Washington Commission merger order, PSE may not declare or pay dividends if PSE’s common equity ratio, calculated on a regulatory basis, is 44.0% or below except to the extent a lower equity ratio is ordered by the Washington Commission. Also, pursuant to the merger order, PSE may not declare or make any distribution unless on the date of distribution PSE’s corporate credit/issuer rating is investment grade, or, if its credit ratings are below investment grade, PSE’s ratio of earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) to interest expense for the most recently ended four fiscal quarter periods prior to such date is equal to or greater than 3.0 to 1.0. The common equity ratio, calculated on a regulatory basis, was 49.5% at March 31, 2020, and the EBITDA to interest expense was 5.3 to 1.0 for the twelve months ended March 31, 2020.
PSE’s ability to pay dividends is also limited by the terms of its credit facilities, pursuant to which PSE is not permitted to pay dividends during any Event of Default (as defined in the facilities), or if the payment of dividends would result in an Event of Default, such as failure to comply with certain financial covenants. At March 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants, including those pertaining to the payment of dividends.
Long Term Debt
The Company had no new long-term debt activities in the three months ended March 31, 2020. For further information, see Note 7, "Long-Term Debt" and Note 8, "Liquidity Facilities and Other Financing Arrangements" in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Puget Energy
Credit Facility
At March 31, 2020, Puget Energy maintained an $800.0 million credit facility. The Puget Energy revolving senior secured credit facility also has an accordion feature which, upon the banks' approval, would increase the size of the facility to $1.3 billion. The unsecured revolving credit facility matures in October 2023.
The revolving senior secured credit facility provides Puget Energy the ability to borrow at different interest rate options and includes variable fee levels. Interest rates may be based on the bank's prime rate or LIBOR, plus a spread based on Puget Energy's credit ratings. Puget Energy must pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the facility. As of March 31, 2020, there was $31.5 million drawn and outstanding under the facility. As of the date of this report, the spread over LIBOR was 1.75% and the commitment fee was 0.275%.
The revolving senior secured credit facility contains usual and customary affirmative and negative covenants. The agreement also contains a maximum leverage ratio financial covenant as defined in the agreement governing the senior secured credit facility. As of March 31, 2020, Puget Energy was in compliance with all applicable covenants.
Long-Term Debt
The Company had no new long-term debt activities in the three months ended March 31, 2020. For further information, see Note 7, "Long-Term Debt" and Note 8, "Liquidity Facilities and Other Financing Arrangements" in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Dividend Payment Restrictions
Puget Energy’s ability to pay dividends is also limited by the merger order issued by the Washington Commission. Pursuant to the merger order, Puget Energy may not declare or make a distribution unless on such date Puget Energy’s ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated interest expense for the four most recently ended fiscal quarters prior to such date is equal to or greater than 2.0 to 1.0. Puget Energy's EBITDA to interest expense was 3.6 to 1.0 for the twelve months ended March 31, 2020.
At March 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants, including those pertaining to the payment of dividends.
Other
New Accounting Pronouncements
For the discussion of new accounting pronouncements, see Note 2, "New Accounting Pronouncements" to the consolidated financial statements in Item I of this report.
Washington Clean Energy Transformation Act
In May 2019, Washington State passed the 100 Percent Clean Electric Bill that supports Washington's clean energy economy and transitioning to a clean, affordable, and reliable energy future. The Clean Energy Transformation Act requires all electric utilities to eliminate coal-fired generation from their allocation of electricity by December 31, 2025; to be carbon-neutral by January 1, 2030, through a combination of non-emitting electric generation, renewable generation, and/or alternative compliance options; and makes it the state policy that, by 2045, 100% of electric generation and retail electricity sales will come from renewable or non-emitting resources. Clean Energy Implementation plans are required every four years from each investor-owned utility (IOU), and each IOU must propose interim targets for meeting the 2045 standard between 2030 and 2045, and lay out an actionable plan that they intend to pursue to meet the standard. The Washington Commission may approve, reject, or recommend alterations to an IOU’s plan.
In order to meet these requirements, the Act clarifies the Washington Commission’s authority to consider and implement performance and incentive-based regulation, multi-year rate plans, and other flexible regulatory mechanisms where appropriate. The Act mandates that the Washington Commission accelerate depreciation schedules for coal-fired resources, including transmission lines, to December 31, 2025, or to allow IOUs to recover costs in rates for earlier closure of those facilities. IOUs will be allowed to earn a rate of return on certain Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and 36 months deferred accounting treatment for clean energy projects (including PPAs) identified in the utility’s clean energy implementation plan.
IOUs are considered to be in compliance when the cost of meeting the standard or an interim target within the four-year period between plans equals a 2% increase in the weather adjusted sales revenue to customers from the previous year. If relying on the 2% threshold for alternative compliance, IOUs must demonstrate that they have maximized investments in renewable resources and non-emitting generation prior to using alternative compliance measures.
The law requires additional rulemaking by several Washington agencies for its measures to be enacted and PSE is unable to predict outcomes at this time. The Company intends to seek recovery of any costs associated with the clean energy legislation through the regulatory process.
Colstrip
PSE has a 50% ownership interest in Colstrip Units 1 and 2 and a 25% interest in each of Colstrip Units 3 and 4. In March 2013, the Sierra Club and the Montana Environmental Information Center filed a Clean Air Act citizen suit against all Colstrip owners in the U.S. District Court, District of Montana. In July 2016, PSE reached a settlement with the Sierra Club to dismiss all of the Clean Air Act allegations against the Colstrip Generating Station, which was approved by the court in September 2016. As part of the settlement that was signed by all Colstrip owners, Colstrip 1 and 2 owners, PSE and Talen Energy Corporation (Talen), agreed to retire the two oldest units (Units 1 and 2) at Colstrip in eastern Montana no later than July 1, 2022. Depreciation rates were updated in the GRC effective December 19, 2017, where PSE's depreciation increased for Colstrip Units 1 and 2 to recover plant costs to the expected shutdown date. Additionally, PSE has accelerated the depreciation of Colstrip Units 3 and 4, per the terms of the GRC settlement, to December 31, 2027. The GRC also repurposed PTCs and hydro-related treasury grants to recover unrecovered plant costs and to fund and recover decommissioning and remediation costs for Colstrip Units 1 through 4.
Consistent with a June 2019 announcement, Talen permanently shut down Units 1 and 2 at the end of the year due to operational losses associated with the Units. Colstrip Units 1 and 2 were retired effective December 31, 2019. The Washington Clean Energy Transformation Act requires the Washington Commission to provide recovery of the undepreciated investment and to allow in electric rates all prudently incurred decommissioning, and remediation costs associated with the facilities. The full scope of decommissioning activities and costs may vary from the estimates that are available at this time.
On December 10, 2019, PSE announced its intention to sell its interest in Colstrip Unit 4 to NorthWestern Energy for $1. Under this agreement, PSE would retain its obligation to fund 25% of the environmental remediation and decommissioning costs associated with Unit 4 during PSE's operation. PSE filed an application seeking approval of the sale from the Washington Commission on February 20, 2020. The agreement is subject to approval by the Washington Commission and the Montana Public Service Commission. Additionally, PSE has agreed to enter into a power purchase agreement with NorthWestern Energy for 90 MW through 2025 to facilitate the transition, and sell a portion of its dedicated Colstrip transmission system, conditioned upon regulatory approval. Other Colstrip owners and other external parties have intervened in the pending regulatory review of this transaction, and one Colstrip owner has exercised its contractual right to purchase its pro rata share of the interest to be sold by PSE. For accounting purposes, management has evaluated the applicable held for sale criteria as of March 31, 2020, and determined that these criteria were not met. As such, Colstrip Unit 4 is classified as Electric Utility Plant on the balance sheet.
Regional Haze Rule
In January 2017, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published revisions to the Regional Haze Rule. Among other things, these revisions delayed new Regional Haze review from 2018 to 2021, however the end date will remain 2028. In January 2018, EPA announced that it was reconsidering certain aspects of these revisions and PSE is unable to predict the outcome. Challenges to the 2017 Regional Haze Revision Rule are pending in abeyance in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, pending resolution of EPA's reconsideration of the rule.
Clean Air Act 111(d)/EPA Clean Power Plan
In June 2014, the EPA issued a proposed Clean Power Plan (CPP) rule under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act designed to regulate GHG emissions from existing power plants. The proposed rule includes state-specific goals and guidelines for states to develop plans for meeting these goals. The EPA published a final rule in October 2015. In March 2017, then EPA Administrator, Scott Pruitt, signed a notice of withdrawal of the proposed CPP federal plan and model trading rules and, in October 2017, the EPA proposed to repeal the CPP rule.
In August 2018, the EPA proposed the Affordable Clean Energy (ACE) rule, pursuant to Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act. The ACE rule was finalized in June 2019, and establishes emission guidelines for states to develop plans to address greenhouse gas emissions from existing coal-fired plants. Compliance plans under ACE are due July 2022, and compliance generally required by July 2024. PSE is evaluating the final ACE rule to determine its impact on operations pending the outcome of the proposed Colstrip Unit 4 sale to NorthWestern Energy.
Washington Clean Air Rule
The CAR was adopted in September 2016, in Washington State and attempts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from “covered entities” located within Washington State. Included under the new rule are large manufacturers, petroleum producers and natural gas utilities, including PSE. The CAR sets a cap on emissions associated with covered entities, which decreases over time approximately 5.0% every three years. Entities must reduce their carbon emissions, or purchase emission reduction units (ERUs), as defined under the rule, from others.
In September 2016, PSE, along with Avista Corporation, Cascade Natural Gas Corporation and NW Natural, filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Washington challenging the CAR. In September 2016, the four companies filed a similar challenge to the CAR in Thurston County Superior Court. In March 2018, the Thurston County Superior Court invalidated the CAR. The Department of Ecology appealed the Superior Court decision in May 2018. As a result of the appeal, direct review to the Washington State Supreme Court was granted and oral argument was held on March 16, 2019. In January 2020, the Washington Supreme Court affirmed that CAR is not valid for “indirect emitters” meaning it does not apply to the sale of natural gas for use by customers. The court ruled, however, that the rule can be severed and is valid for direct emitters including electric utilities with permitted air emission sources, but remanded the case back to the Thurston County to determine which parts of the rule survive. Ecology and the four parties asked Thurston County to stay this case until the 2020 Washington State legislative session concluded and now Ecology plans to ask the court to extend the stay until the COVID-19 pandemic is over. Meanwhile, the four companies moved to voluntarily dismiss the federal court litigation without prejudice in March 2020.
Related Party Transactions
In August 2015, PSE filed a proposal with the Washington Commission to develop an LNG facility at the Port of Tacoma. The Tacoma LNG facility will provide peak-shaving services to PSE’s natural gas customers, and will provide LNG as fuel to transportation customers, particularly in the marine market. Following a mediation process and the filing of a settlement stipulation by PSE and all parties, the Washington Commission issued an order on October 31, 2016, that allowed PSE’s parent company, Puget Energy, to create a wholly-owned subsidiary, named Puget LNG, which was formed on November 29, 2016, for the sole purpose of owning, developing and financing the non-regulated activity of the Tacoma LNG facility. Puget LNG has entered into one fuel supply agreement with a maritime customer and is marketing the facility’s expected output to other potential customers.
The Tacoma LNG facility is currently under construction. Pursuant to the Commission’s order, Puget LNG will be allocated approximately 57.0% of the capital and operating costs of the Tacoma LNG facility and PSE will be allocated the remaining 43.0% of the capital and operating costs. PSE and Puget LNG are considered related parties with similar ownership by Puget Energy. Therefore, capital and operating costs that occur under PSE and are allocated to Puget LNG are related party transactions by nature. Per this allocation of costs, $198.0 million of construction work in progress and $0.3 million of operating costs related to Puget LNG's portion of the Tacoma LNG facility are reported in the Puget Energy "Other property and investments" and "Non-utility expense and other" financial statement line items, respectively, as of March 31, 2020. The portion of the Tacoma LNG facility allocated to PSE will be subject to regulation by the Washington Commission.
IBEW Union Contract
The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) Local 77 union and PSE reached an agreement on a new contract, which was ratified on March 26, 2020, upon the IBEW vote approving the provisions and took effect on April 1, 2020. The contract is for six years and will expire March 31, 2026.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk
The Company is exposed to various forms of market risk, consisting primarily of fluctuations in commodity prices, counterparty credit risk, as well as interest rate risk. PSE maintains risk policies and procedures to help manage the various risks. There have been no material changes to market risks affecting the Company from those set forth in Part II, Item 7A - "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Commodity Price Risk
The nature of serving regulated electric and natural gas customers with its portfolio of owned and contracted electric generation resources exposes PSE and its customers to some volumetric and commodity price risks. PSE’s Energy
Management Committee establishes energy risk management policies and procedures to manage commodity and volatility risks and the related effects on credit, tax, accounting, financing and liquidity.
PSE's objective is to minimize commodity price exposure and risks associated with volumetric variability in the natural gas and electric portfolios. It is not engaged in the business of assuming risk for the purpose of speculative trading. PSE hedges open natural gas and electric positions to reduce both the portfolio risk and the volatility risk in prices.
Counterparty Credit Risk
PSE is exposed to credit risk primarily through buying and selling electricity and natural gas to serve customers. Credit risk is the potential loss resulting from a counterparty's non-performance under an agreement. PSE manages credit risk with policies and procedures for counterparty analysis and measurement, monitoring and mitigation of exposure. Additionally, PSE has entered into commodity master arrangements (i.e., WSPP, Inc. (WSPP), International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) or North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB)) with its counterparties to mitigate credit exposure.
Interest Rate Risk
The Company believes its interest rate risk primarily relates to the use of short-term debt instruments, variable-rate leases and anticipated long-term debt financing needed to fund capital requirements. The Company manages its interest rate risk through the issuance of mostly fixed-rate debt with varied maturities. The Company utilizes internal cash from operations, borrowings under its commercial paper program, and its credit facilities to meet short-term funding needs. During periods of financial market or interest rate volatility, the Company may utilize its credit facilities for short term funding needs instead of the commercial paper program. Credit facility borrowings are based on a more stable base rate and the credit spread is fixed
Short-term obligations are commonly refinanced with fixed-rate bonds or notes when needed and when interest rates are considered favorable. The Company may also enter into swaps or other financial hedge instruments to manage the interest rate risk associated with the debt.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Puget Energy
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of Puget Energy’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Puget Energy has evaluated the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of March 31, 2020, the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the President and Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Puget Energy concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During 2018, PE implemented internal controls covering the evaluation and assessment of leasing contracts related to the adoption of the new leasing standard as of January 1, 2019.
There have been no changes in Puget Energy’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Puget Energy’s internal control over financial reporting.
Puget Sound Energy
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of PSE’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, PSE has evaluated the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of March 31, 2020, the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the President and Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of PSE concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During 2018, PSE implemented internal controls covering the evaluation and assessment of leasing contracts related to the adoption of the new leasing standard as of January 1, 2019.
There have been no changes in PSE’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, PSE’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Contingencies arising out of the Company's normal course of business existed as of March 31, 2020. Litigation is subject to numerous uncertainties and the Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcome of these matters. For details on legal proceedings, see Note 8, "Commitments and Contingencies" in the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item I.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The following represents a material change in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part 1, Item 1A of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
PSE faces risks related to health epidemics such as the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) and other outbreaks that could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations. The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 has adversely impacted economic activity and conditions worldwide. We cannot predict the degree that the continued spread of COVID-19 and efforts to contain the virus (including, but not limited to, voluntary and mandatory quarantines, restrictions on travel, limiting gatherings of people, and reduced operations and extended closures of many businesses and institutions) could materially impact our results of operations, financial condition and ongoing operations. The impacts include but are not limited to:
•impacting customer demand for electricity and natural gas by our customers, particularly from commercial and industrial customers;
•reducing the availability and productivity of our employees;
•causing us to experience an increase in costs as a result of our emergency measures, delayed payments from our customers and uncollectible accounts;
•causing delays and disruptions in the availability of and timely delivery of materials and components used in our operations;
•causing a deterioration in our financial metrics or the business environment that impacts our credit ratings;
•causing significant disruption in the financial markets which could have a negative impact on our ability to access capital in the future and cost of capital;
•resulting in our inability to meet the requirements of the covenants in our existing credit facilities, including covenants regarding the ratio of total debt to total capitalization; and
•disrupting our ability to meet customer requirements and potentially significantly increase response costs.
Item 6. Exhibits
Included in the Exhibit Index are a list of exhibits filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
EXHIBIT INDEX
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101 | | Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Puget Energy, Inc. and Puget Sound Energy, Inc. for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 filed on May 06, 2020 formatted in XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Statement of Income (Unaudited), (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited), (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited), (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited), and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (submitted electronically herewith). |
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* Filed herewith.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on their behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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| | PUGET ENERGY, INC. PUGET SOUND ENERGY, INC. |
| | /s/ Stephen King |
| | Stephen King Controller & Principal Accounting Officer |
Date: | May 6, 2020 | |