
(3)	Investments


(a)	Debt Securities

Following is a summary of debt securities as of March 30, 2019 and December 29, 2018:



	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	(Amounts are in thousands)
March 30, 2019
Tax exempt bonds	$	1,189,068		633		5,227	1,184,474
Taxable bonds	2,982,504			34,563		20,931	2,996,136
Restricted investments	169,529			5,419		—	174,948
	$	4,341,101		40,615		26,158	4,355,558
December 29, 2018
Tax exempt bonds	$	1,256,673		184		12,759	1,244,098
Taxable bonds	2,527,468			1,737		55,085	2,474,120
Restricted investment	160,318			520		346	160,492
	$	3,944,459		2,441		68,190	3,878,710

The Company maintains restricted investments primarily for the benefit of the Company’s insurance carrier related to self-insurance reserves. These investments are held as collateral and not used for claim payments.

The cost and fair value of debt securities by expected maturity as of March 30, 2019 and December 29, 2018 are as follows:



	March 30, 2019			December 29, 2018
	Cost		Fair Value	Cost	Fair Value
	(Amounts are in thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	526,776	525,667	563,272	560,992
Due after one year through five years	3,068,926		3,062,717	2,831,916	2,768,971
Due after five years through ten years	738,951		760,561	542,488	541,852
Due after ten years	6,448		6,613	6,783	6,895
	$	4,341,101	4,355,558	3,944,459	3,878,710

Following is a summary of temporarily impaired debt securities by the time period impaired as of March 30, 2019 and December 29, 2018:



	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer			Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value	Unrealized Losses		Fair Value	Unrealized Losses
	(Amounts are in thousands)
March 30, 2019
Tax exempt bonds	$	2,812		19	1,100,840		5,208	1,103,652		5,227
Taxable bonds	45,531			310	1,364,633		20,621	1,410,164		20,931
	$	48,343		329	2,465,473		25,829	2,513,816		26,158
December 29, 2018
Tax exempt bonds	$	25,150		95	1,182,783		12,664	1,207,933		12,759
Taxable bonds	645,379			5,821	1,464,208		49,264	2,109,587		55,085
Restricted investment	28,687			346	—		—	28,687		346
	$	699,216		6,262	2,646,991		61,928	3,346,207		68,190

There are 310 debt securities contributing to the total unrealized losses of $26,158,000 as of March 30, 2019. Unrealized losses related to debt securities are primarily due to increases in interest rates impacting the market value of certain bonds. The Company continues to receive scheduled principal and interest payments on these debt securities.


(b)	Equity Securities

In 2018, the Company adopted the Accounting Standards Update (ASU) requiring equity securities be measured at fair value with net unrealized gains and losses from changes in the fair value recognized in earnings (fair value adjustment). The fair value of equity securities was $2,961,025,000 and $2,698,720,000 as of March 30, 2019 and December 29, 2018, respectively.

Prior to adoption of the ASU, equity securities were classified as available-for-sale and measured at fair value. Changes in fair value determined to be temporary were reported in other comprehensive earnings net of income taxes. Upon adoption of the ASU, the Company reclassified the cumulative effect of the net unrealized gain on equity securities net of income taxes as of December 31, 2017 of $198,310,000 from accumulated other comprehensive earnings to retained earnings. The fair value adjustment includes the cumulative effect of the ASU reclassified to retained earnings as of December 31, 2017.


(c)	Investment Income

In the following table, net realized gain on the sale of investments represents the difference between the cost and the proceeds from the sale of debt and equity securities. The net realized gain on the sale of investments excludes the net gain on the sale of equity securities previously recognized through the fair value adjustment, which is presented separately.

Following is a summary of investment income for the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018:



		Three Months Ended
	March 30, 2019			March 31, 2018
	(Amounts are in thousands)
Interest and dividend income		$	42,016		29,093
Net realized gain on sale of investments		4,211			7,024
		46,227			36,117
Fair value adjustment, due to net unrealized gain (loss), on equity securities held at end of period		314,348			(25,782	)
Net loss (gain) on sale of equity securities previously recognized through fair value adjustment		6,612			(6,197	)
		$	367,187		4,138