(3) Investments


(a)	Debt Securities

Following is a summary of debt securities as of December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017:



	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	(Amounts are in thousands)
2018
Tax exempt bonds	$	1,256,673		184		12,759	1,244,098
Taxable bonds	2,527,468			1,737		55,085	2,474,120
Restricted investment	160,318			520		346	160,492
	$	3,944,459		2,441		68,190	3,878,710
2017
Tax exempt bonds	$	1,811,523		602		16,420	1,795,705
Taxable bonds	2,115,174			695		25,443	2,090,426
	$	3,926,697		1,297		41,863	3,886,131

The Company held a restricted investment as of December 29, 2018 for the benefit of the Company’s insurance carrier related to self-insurance reserves. This investment is held as collateral and not used for self-insured claims payments.

The cost and fair value of debt securities by expected maturity as of December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017 are as follows:



	2018			2017
	Cost		Fair Value	Cost	Fair Value
			(Amounts are in thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	563,272	560,992	917,576	915,579
Due after one year through five years	2,831,916		2,768,971	2,794,099	2,757,504
Due after five years through ten years	542,488		541,852	205,792	203,533
Due after ten years	6,783		6,895	9,230	9,515
	$	3,944,459	3,878,710	3,926,697	3,886,131

Following is a summary of temporarily impaired debt securities by the time period impaired as of December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017:



	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer			Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value	Unrealized Losses		Fair Value	Unrealized Losses
	(Amounts are in thousands)
2018
Tax exempt bonds	$	25,150		95	1,182,783		12,664	1,207,933		12,759
Taxable bonds	645,379			5,821	1,464,208		49,264	2,109,587		55,085
Restricted investment	28,687			346	—		—	28,687		346
	$	699,216		6,262	2,646,991		61,928	3,346,207		68,190
2017
Tax exempt bonds	$	1,543,151		13,827	136,217		2,593	1,679,368		16,420
Taxable bonds	811,886			4,908	1,153,645		20,535	1,965,531		25,443
	$	2,355,037		18,735	1,289,862		23,128	3,644,899		41,863

There are 400 debt securities contributing to the total unrealized losses of $68,190,000 as of December 29, 2018. Unrealized losses related to debt securities are primarily due to increases in interest rates impacting the market value of certain bonds. The Company continues to receive scheduled principal and interest payments on these debt securities.


(b)	Equity Securities

Following is a summary of the fair value of equity securities as of December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017:



	2018			2017
	(Amounts are in thousands)
Equity securities		$	2,698,720		2,383,095
Restricted investment		—			164,085
		$	2,698,720		2,547,180

The Company held a restricted investment as of December 30, 2017 for the benefit of the Company’s insurance carrier related to self-insurance reserves. This investment was held as collateral and not used for self-insured claims payments.


(c)	Investment Income

In the following table, net realized gain on the sale of investments represents the difference between the cost and the proceeds from the sale of debt and equity securities. For 2018, the net realized gain on the sale of investments excludes the net gain on the sale of equity securities previously recognized through the fair value adjustment, which is presented separately.

Following is a summary of investment income for 2018, 2017 and 2016:



	2018				2017		2016
	(Amounts are in thousands)
Interest and dividend income		$	129,953			117,702		100,811
Net realized gain on sale of investments		109,547				108,924		32,256
		239,500				226,626		133,067
Fair value adjustment, due to net unrealized loss, on equity securities held at end of year		(107,466		)		—		—
Net gain on sale of equity securities previously recognized through fair value adjustment		(75,335		)		—		—
		$	56,699			226,626		133,067