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Risk Management, Derivative Instruments And Hedging Activities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Risk Management, Derivative Instruments And Hedging Activities

14. Risk Management, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Duke Energy Registrants closely monitor the risks associated with commodity price changes and changes in interest rates on their operations and, where appropriate, use various commodity and interest rate instruments to manage these risks. Certain of these derivative instruments qualify for hedge accounting and are designated as hedging instruments, while others either do not qualify as hedges or have not been designated as hedges (hereinafter referred to as undesignated contracts). The Duke Energy Registrants' primary use of energy commodity derivatives is to hedge the generation portfolio against exposure to changes in the prices of power and fuel. Interest rate swaps are entered into to manage interest rate risk primarily associated with the Duke Energy Registrants' variable-rate and fixed-rate borrowings.

The accounting guidance for derivatives requires the recognition of all derivative instruments not identified as NPNS as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting, the Duke Energy Registrants may elect to designate such derivatives as either cash flow hedges or fair value hedges. The Duke Energy Registrants offset fair value amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting agreement.

The operations of the USFE&G business segment meet the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment. Accordingly, for derivatives designated as cash flow hedges within USFE&G, gains and losses are reflected as a regulatory liability or asset instead of as a component of AOCI. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges or left undesignated within USFE&G, gains and losses associated with the change in fair value of these derivative contracts would be deferred as a regulatory liability or asset, thus having no immediate earnings impact.

Within the Duke Energy Registrants' unregulated businesses, for derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting and are designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss is reported as a component of AOCI and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any gains or losses on the derivative that represent either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings. For derivative instruments that qualify and are designated as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item are recognized in earnings in the current period. The Duke Energy Registrants' include the gain or loss on the derivative in the same line item as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Additionally, the Duke Energy Registrants' enter into derivative agreements that are economic hedges that either do not qualify for hedge accounting or have not been designated as a hedge. The changes in fair value of these undesignated derivative instruments are reflected in current earnings.

Information presented in the tables below relates to Duke Energy on a consolidated basis and Duke Energy Ohio. As regulatory accounting treatment is applied to substantially all of Duke Energy Carolinas' and Duke Energy Indiana's derivative instruments, and the carrying value of the respective derivative instruments comprise a small portion of Duke Energy's overall balance, separate disclosure for each of those registrants is not presented.

Commodity Price Risk

The Duke Energy Registrants are exposed to the impact of market changes in the future prices of electricity (energy, capacity and financial transmission rights), coal, natural gas and emission allowances (SO2 , seasonal NOX and annual NOX) as a result of their energy operations such as electric generation and the transportation and sale of natural gas. With respect to commodity price risks associated with electric generation, the Duke Energy Registrants are exposed to changes including, but not limited to, the cost of the coal and natural gas used to generate electricity, the prices of electricity in wholesale markets, the cost of capacity required to purchase and sell electricity in wholesale markets and the cost of emission allowances primarily at the Duke Energy Registrants' coal fired power plants. Risks associated with commodity price changes on future operations are closely monitored and, where appropriate, various commodity contracts are used to mitigate the effect of such fluctuations on operations. Exposure to commodity price risk is influenced by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the term of the contract, the liquidity of the market and delivery location.

Commodity Fair Value Hedges. At December 31, 2011, there were no open commodity derivative instruments that were designated as fair value hedges.

Commodity Cash Flow Hedges. At December 31, 2011, there were no open commodity derivative instruments that were designated as cash flow hedges.

Undesignated Contracts. The Duke Energy Registrants use derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from providing electric generation and capacity to large energy customers, energy aggregators, retail customers and other wholesale companies. Undesignated contracts may include contracts not designated as a hedge, contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting, derivatives that do not or no longer qualify for the NPNS scope exception, and de-designated hedge contracts. Undesignated contracts also include contracts associated with operations that Duke Energy continues to wind down or has included as discontinued operations. As these undesignated contracts expire as late as 2021, Duke Energy has entered into economic hedges that leave it minimally exposed to changes in prices over the duration of these contracts.

Duke Energy Carolinas uses derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from electricity generation. As of December 31, 2011 Duke Energy Carolinas does not have any undesignated commodity contracts.

Duke Energy Ohio uses derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from providing electricity generation and capacity to large energy customers, energy aggregators, retail customers and other wholesale companies. Undesignated contracts at December 31, 2011 are primarily associated with forward sales and purchases of power, coal and emission allowances, for the Commercial Power segment.

Duke Energy Indiana uses derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from electric generation. Undesignated contracts at December 31, 2011 are primarily associated with forward purchases and sales of power, forward purchases of natural gas and financial transmission rights.

Interest Rate Risk

The Duke Energy Registrants are exposed to risk resulting from changes in interest rates as a result of their issuance or anticipated issuance of variable and fixed-rate debt and commercial paper. Interest rate exposure is managed by limiting variable-rate exposures to a percentage of total debt and by monitoring the effects of market changes in interest rates. To manage risk associated with changes in interest rates, the Duke Energy Registrants may enter into financial contracts; primarily interest rate swaps and U.S. Treasury lock agreements. Additionally, in anticipation of certain fixed-rate debt issuances, a series of forward starting interest rate swaps may be executed to lock in components of the market interest rates at the time and terminated prior to or upon the issuance of the corresponding debt. When these transactions occur within a business that meets the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment, these contracts may be treated as undesignated and any pre-tax gain or loss recognized from inception to termination of the hedges would be recorded as a regulatory liability or asset and amortized as a component of interest expense over the life of the debt. Alternatively, these derivatives may be designated as hedges whereby, any pre-tax gain or loss recognized from inception to termination of the hedges would be recorded in AOCI and amortized as a component of interest expense over the life of the debt.

 

The following table shows the notional amounts for derivatives related to interest rate risk at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

Notional Amounts of Derivative Instruments Related to Interest Rate Risk

 

     Duke Energy      Duke Energy
Carolinas
     Duke Energy
Ohio
     Duke Energy
Indiana
 
     (in millions)  

Cash Flow Hedges(a)

   $ 841       $ —         $ —         $ —     

Undesignated Contracts

     247         —           27         200   

Fair Value Hedges

     275         25         250         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Notional Amount at December 31, 2011

   $ 1,363       $ 25       $ 277       $ 200   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Duke Energy      Duke Energy
Carolinas
     Duke Energy Ohio  
     (in millions)  

Cash Flow Hedges(a)

   $ 492       $ —         $ —     

Undesignated Contracts

     561         500         27   

Fair Value Hedges

     275         25         250   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Notional Amount at December 31, 2010

   $ 1,328       $ 525       $ 277   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

Volumes

The following tables show information relating to the volume of Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio's commodity derivative activity outstanding as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Amounts disclosed represent the notional volumes of commodities contracts accounted for at fair value. For option contracts, notional amounts include only the delta-equivalent volumes which represent the notional volumes times the probability of exercising the option based on current price volatility. Volumes associated with contracts qualifying for the NPNS exception have been excluded from the table below. Amounts disclosed represent the absolute value of notional amounts. Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio have netted contractual amounts where offsetting purchase and sale contracts exist with identical delivery locations and times of delivery. Where all commodity positions are perfectly offset, no quantities are shown below. For additional information on notional dollar amounts of debt subject to derivative contracts accounted for at fair value, see "Interest Rate Risk" section above.

Underlying Notional Amounts for Derivative Instruments Accounted for At Fair Value

 

Duke Energy    December 31,
2011
     December 31,
2010
 

Electricity-energy (Gigawatt-hours)

     14,118         8,200   

Electricity-capacity (Gigawatt-months)

     —           58   

Emission allowances: SO2 (thousands of tons)

     —           8   

Emission allowances: NOX (thousands of tons)

     9         —     

Natural gas (millions of decatherms)

     40         37   

 

Duke Energy Ohio    December 31,
2011
     December 31,
2010
 

Electricity-energy (Gigawatt-hours)(a)

     14,655         13,183   

Electricity-capacity (Gigawatt-months)

     —           60   

Emission allowances: NOX (thousands of tons)

     9        —     

Natural gas (millions of decatherms)

     2         —     

 

(a) Amounts include intercompany positions that eliminate at the consolidated Duke Energy level.

 

The following table shows fair value amounts of derivative contracts as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the line item(s) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in which such amounts are included. The fair values of derivative contracts are presented on a gross basis, even when the derivative instruments are subject to master netting arrangements where Duke Energy nets the fair value of derivative contracts subject to master netting arrangements with the same counterparty on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash collateral payables and receivables associated with the derivative contracts have not been netted against the fair value amounts.

Location and Fair Value Amounts of Derivatives Reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets

Balance Sheet Location

 

Duke Energy    December 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
     Asset      Liability      Asset      Liability  
     (in millions)  

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Interest rate contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

     4         —           5         —     

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     2         —           16         —     

Current Liabilities: Other

     —           11         —           13   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     —           76        —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 6       $ 87       $ 21       $ 13   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Commodity contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

   $ 81       $ 31       $ 108       $ 54   

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     35         17         55         4   

Current Liabilities: Other

     136         168         75         118   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     25         93         3         72   

Interest rate contracts

           

Investments and Other Assets: Other(a)

     —           —           60         —     

Current Liabilities: Other

     —           2         —           2   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other(b)

     —           75         —           5   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 277       $ 386       $ 301       $ 255   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives

   $ 283       $ 473       $ 322       $ 268   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

Duke Energy Ohio    December 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
     Asset      Liability      Asset      Liability  
     (in millions)  

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Interest rate contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

     3         —           4         —     

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     2         —           2         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 5       $ —         $ 6       $ —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Commodity contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

   $ 79       $ 39       $ 106       $ 57   

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     29         18         6         2   

Current Liabilities: Other

     136         146         75         98   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     22         33         3         7   

Interest rate contracts

           

Current Liabilities: Other

     —           1         —           1   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     —           8         —           4   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 266       $ 245       $ 190       $ 169   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives

   $ 271       $ 245       $ 196       $ 169   

 

The following table shows the amount of the gains and losses recognized on derivative instruments qualifying and designated as cash flow hedges by type of derivative contract during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the Consolidated Statements of Operations line items in which such gains and losses are included.

Cash Flow Hedges—Location and Amount of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in Comprehensive Income

 

$0,000 $0,000
Duke Energy    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  
     (in millions)  

Amount of Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recorded in AOCI

    

Interest rate contracts

     (88     2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recorded in AOCI

   $ (88   $ 2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Location of Pre-tax Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

    

Commodity contracts

    

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

     —          2   

Interest rate contracts

    

Interest expense

     (5     (5
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax Losses Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

   $ (5   $ (3
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

$0,000 $0,000
Duke Energy Ohio    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011      2010  
     (in millions)  

Location of Pre-tax Gains Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

     

Commodity contracts

     

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

   $ —         $ 2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax Gains Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

   $ —         $ 2   

There was no hedge ineffectiveness during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and no gains or losses have been excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness during the same periods for all Duke Energy Registrants.

Duke Energy. At December 31, 2011, $115 million of pre-tax deferred net losses on derivative instruments related to interest rate cash flow hedges remains in AOCI and a $10 million pre-tax gain is expected to be recognized in earnings during the next 12 months as the hedged transactions occur.

Duke Energy Ohio. At December 31, 2011, there were no deferred gains or losses on derivative instruments related to commodity cash flow hedges remaining in AOCI.

The following table shows the amount of the pre-tax gains and losses recognized on undesignated hedges by type of derivative instrument during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the line item(s) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in which such gains and losses are included or deferred on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as regulatory assets or liabilities.

 

Undesignated Hedges—Location and Amount of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in

Income or as Regulatory Assets or Liabilities

 

Duke Energy    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  
     (in millions)  

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in Earnings

    

Commodity contracts

    

Revenue, regulated electric

   $ —        $ 1   

Revenue, non-regulated electric, natural gas and other

     (59     (38

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

     (1     9   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax Losses Recognized in Earnings

   $ (60   $ (28
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized as Regulatory Assets or Liabilities

    

Commodity contracts

    

Regulatory Asset

   $ (1   $ 5   

Regulatory Liability

     17        14   

Interest rate contracts

    

Regulatory Asset(a)

     (165     (1

Regulatory Liability(b)

     (60     60   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recognized as Regulatory Assets or Liabilities

   $ (209   $ 78   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

$(28) $(28)
Duke Energy Ohio    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  
     (in millions)  

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in Earnings

    

Commodity contracts

    

Revenue, non-regulated electric and other

     (26     (3

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

     (1     9   

Interest rate contracts

    

Interest expense

     (1     (1
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recognized in Earnings(a)

   $ (28   $ 5   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized as Regulatory Assets

    

 

$(28) $(28)
     2011     2010  

Commodity contracts

    

Regulatory Asset

   $ 1      $ 5   

Interest rate contracts

    

Regulatory Asset

     (4     (1
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recognized as Regulatory Assets

   $ (3   $ 4   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(a) Amounts include intercompany positions that eliminate at the consolidated Duke Energy level.

Credit Risk

The Duke Energy Registrants' principal customers for its electric and gas businesses are commodity clearinghouses, regional transmission organizations, residential, commercial and industrial end-users, marketers, local distribution companies, municipalities, electric cooperatives and utilities located throughout the U.S. and Latin America. The Duke Energy Registrants have concentrations of receivables from natural gas and electric utilities and their affiliates, as well as municipalities, electric cooperatives, residential, commercial and industrial customers and marketers throughout these regions. These concentrations of customers may affect the Duke Energy Registrants' overall credit risk in that risk factors can negatively impact the credit quality of the entire sector. Where exposed to credit risk, the Duke Energy Registrants analyze their counterparties' financial condition prior to entering into an agreement, establish credit limits and monitor the appropriateness of those limits on an ongoing basis.

The Duke Energy Registrants' industry has historically operated under negotiated credit lines for physical delivery contracts. The Duke Energy Registrants frequently use master collateral agreements to mitigate certain credit exposures, primarily related to hedging the risks inherent in its generation portfolio. The collateral agreements provide for a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit to the exposed party for exposure in excess of an established threshold. The threshold amount represents an unsecured credit limit, determined in accordance with the corporate credit policy. Collateral agreements also provide that the inability to post collateral is sufficient cause to terminate contracts and liquidate all positions.

The Duke Energy Registrants also obtain cash, letters of credit or surety bonds from customers to provide credit support outside of collateral agreements, where appropriate, based on its financial analysis of the customer and the regulatory or contractual terms and conditions applicable to each transaction.

For regulated customers, commission rules restrict the ability to requires collateral and minimize exposure through the disconnection of service.

Certain of Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio's derivative contracts contain contingent credit features, such as material adverse change clauses or payment acceleration clauses that could result in immediate payments, the posting of letters of credit or the termination of the derivative contract before maturity if specific events occur, such as a downgrade of Duke Energy or Duke Energy Ohio's credit rating below investment grade.

The following table shows information with respect to derivative contracts that are in a net liability position and contain objective credit-risk related payment provisions. The amounts disclosed in the table below represents the aggregate fair value amounts of such derivative instruments at the end of the reporting period, the aggregate fair value of assets that are already posted as collateral under such derivative instruments at the end of the reporting period, and the aggregate fair value of additional assets that would be required to be transferred in the event that credit-risk-related contingent features were triggered at December 31, 2011.

Information Regarding Derivative Instruments that Contain Credit-risk Related Contingent Features

 

Duke Energy   December 31,
2011
    December 31,
2010
 
    (in millions)  

Aggregate Fair Value Amounts of Derivative Instruments in a Net Liability Position

  $ 96      $ 148   

Collateral Already Posted

  $ 36      $ 2   

Additional Cash Collateral or Letters of Credit in the Event Credit-risk-related Contingent Features were Triggered at the End of the Reporting Period

  $ 5      $ 14   

 

Duke Energy Ohio   December 31,
2011
    December 31,
2010
 
    (in millions)  

Aggregate Fair Value Amounts of Derivative Instruments in a Net Liability Position

  $ 94      $ 147   

Collateral Already Posted

  $ 35      $ 2   

Additional Cash Collateral or Letters of Credit in the Event Credit-risk-related Contingent Features were Triggered at the End of the Reporting Period

  $ 5      $ 14   

Netting of Cash Collateral and Derivative Assets and Liabilities Under Master Netting Arrangements. In accordance with applicable accounting rules, Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio have elected to offset fair value amounts (or amounts that approximate fair value) recognized on their Consolidated Balance Sheets related to cash collateral amounts receivable or payable against fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting agreement. The amounts disclosed in the table below represent the receivables related to the right to reclaim cash collateral and payables related to the obligation to return cash collateral under master netting arrangements as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. See Note 15 for additional information on fair value disclosures related to derivatives.

Information Regarding Cash Collateral under Master Netting Arrangements

 

    December 31, 2011     December 31, 2010  
    (in millions)     (in millions)  
Duke Energy   Receivables     Payables     Receivables     Payables  

Amounts offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

  $ 10        —        $ 2        —     

Amounts not offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets(a)

    30        —         2        3   
     December 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
     (in millions)      (in millions)  
Duke Energy Ohio    Receivables      Payables      Receivables      Payables  

Amounts offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

   $ 9         —         $ 2         —     

Amounts not offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (a)

     28      $ —           —           3   

 

Duke Energy Corp [Member]
 
Risk Management, Derivative Instruments And Hedging Activities

14. Risk Management, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Duke Energy Registrants closely monitor the risks associated with commodity price changes and changes in interest rates on their operations and, where appropriate, use various commodity and interest rate instruments to manage these risks. Certain of these derivative instruments qualify for hedge accounting and are designated as hedging instruments, while others either do not qualify as hedges or have not been designated as hedges (hereinafter referred to as undesignated contracts). The Duke Energy Registrants' primary use of energy commodity derivatives is to hedge the generation portfolio against exposure to changes in the prices of power and fuel. Interest rate swaps are entered into to manage interest rate risk primarily associated with the Duke Energy Registrants' variable-rate and fixed-rate borrowings.

The accounting guidance for derivatives requires the recognition of all derivative instruments not identified as NPNS as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting, the Duke Energy Registrants may elect to designate such derivatives as either cash flow hedges or fair value hedges. The Duke Energy Registrants offset fair value amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting agreement.

The operations of the USFE&G business segment meet the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment. Accordingly, for derivatives designated as cash flow hedges within USFE&G, gains and losses are reflected as a regulatory liability or asset instead of as a component of AOCI. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges or left undesignated within USFE&G, gains and losses associated with the change in fair value of these derivative contracts would be deferred as a regulatory liability or asset, thus having no immediate earnings impact.

Within the Duke Energy Registrants' unregulated businesses, for derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting and are designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss is reported as a component of AOCI and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any gains or losses on the derivative that represent either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings. For derivative instruments that qualify and are designated as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item are recognized in earnings in the current period. The Duke Energy Registrants' include the gain or loss on the derivative in the same line item as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Additionally, the Duke Energy Registrants' enter into derivative agreements that are economic hedges that either do not qualify for hedge accounting or have not been designated as a hedge. The changes in fair value of these undesignated derivative instruments are reflected in current earnings.

Information presented in the tables below relates to Duke Energy on a consolidated basis and Duke Energy Ohio. As regulatory accounting treatment is applied to substantially all of Duke Energy Carolinas' and Duke Energy Indiana's derivative instruments, and the carrying value of the respective derivative instruments comprise a small portion of Duke Energy's overall balance, separate disclosure for each of those registrants is not presented.

Commodity Price Risk

The Duke Energy Registrants are exposed to the impact of market changes in the future prices of electricity (energy, capacity and financial transmission rights), coal, natural gas and emission allowances (SO2 , seasonal NOX and annual NOX) as a result of their energy operations such as electric generation and the transportation and sale of natural gas. With respect to commodity price risks associated with electric generation, the Duke Energy Registrants are exposed to changes including, but not limited to, the cost of the coal and natural gas used to generate electricity, the prices of electricity in wholesale markets, the cost of capacity required to purchase and sell electricity in wholesale markets and the cost of emission allowances primarily at the Duke Energy Registrants' coal fired power plants. Risks associated with commodity price changes on future operations are closely monitored and, where appropriate, various commodity contracts are used to mitigate the effect of such fluctuations on operations. Exposure to commodity price risk is influenced by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the term of the contract, the liquidity of the market and delivery location.

Commodity Fair Value Hedges. At December 31, 2011, there were no open commodity derivative instruments that were designated as fair value hedges.

Commodity Cash Flow Hedges. At December 31, 2011, there were no open commodity derivative instruments that were designated as cash flow hedges.

Undesignated Contracts. The Duke Energy Registrants use derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from providing electric generation and capacity to large energy customers, energy aggregators, retail customers and other wholesale companies. Undesignated contracts may include contracts not designated as a hedge, contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting, derivatives that do not or no longer qualify for the NPNS scope exception, and de-designated hedge contracts. Undesignated contracts also include contracts associated with operations that Duke Energy continues to wind down or has included as discontinued operations. As these undesignated contracts expire as late as 2021, Duke Energy has entered into economic hedges that leave it minimally exposed to changes in prices over the duration of these contracts.

Duke Energy Carolinas uses derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from electricity generation. As of December 31, 2011 Duke Energy Carolinas does not have any undesignated commodity contracts.

Duke Energy Ohio uses derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from providing electricity generation and capacity to large energy customers, energy aggregators, retail customers and other wholesale companies. Undesignated contracts at December 31, 2011 are primarily associated with forward sales and purchases of power, coal and emission allowances, for the Commercial Power segment.

Duke Energy Indiana uses derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from electric generation. Undesignated contracts at December 31, 2011 are primarily associated with forward purchases and sales of power, forward purchases of natural gas and financial transmission rights.

Interest Rate Risk

The Duke Energy Registrants are exposed to risk resulting from changes in interest rates as a result of their issuance or anticipated issuance of variable and fixed-rate debt and commercial paper. Interest rate exposure is managed by limiting variable-rate exposures to a percentage of total debt and by monitoring the effects of market changes in interest rates. To manage risk associated with changes in interest rates, the Duke Energy Registrants may enter into financial contracts; primarily interest rate swaps and U.S. Treasury lock agreements. Additionally, in anticipation of certain fixed-rate debt issuances, a series of forward starting interest rate swaps may be executed to lock in components of the market interest rates at the time and terminated prior to or upon the issuance of the corresponding debt. When these transactions occur within a business that meets the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment, these contracts may be treated as undesignated and any pre-tax gain or loss recognized from inception to termination of the hedges would be recorded as a regulatory liability or asset and amortized as a component of interest expense over the life of the debt. Alternatively, these derivatives may be designated as hedges whereby, any pre-tax gain or loss recognized from inception to termination of the hedges would be recorded in AOCI and amortized as a component of interest expense over the life of the debt.

 

The following table shows the notional amounts for derivatives related to interest rate risk at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

Notional Amounts of Derivative Instruments Related to Interest Rate Risk

 

     Duke Energy      Duke Energy
Carolinas
     Duke Energy
Ohio
     Duke Energy
Indiana
 
     (in millions)  

Cash Flow Hedges(a)

   $ 841       $ —         $ —         $ —     

Undesignated Contracts

     247         —           27         200   

Fair Value Hedges

     275         25         250         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Notional Amount at December 31, 2011

   $ 1,363       $ 25       $ 277       $ 200   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Duke Energy      Duke Energy
Carolinas
     Duke Energy Ohio  
     (in millions)  

Cash Flow Hedges(a)

   $ 492       $ —         $ —     

Undesignated Contracts

     561         500         27   

Fair Value Hedges

     275         25         250   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Notional Amount at December 31, 2010

   $ 1,328       $ 525       $ 277   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(a) Includes amounts related to non-recourse variable rate long-term debt of VIEs of $466 million at December 31, 2011 and $492 million at December 31, 2010.

Volumes

The following tables show information relating to the volume of Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio's commodity derivative activity outstanding as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Amounts disclosed represent the notional volumes of commodities contracts accounted for at fair value. For option contracts, notional amounts include only the delta-equivalent volumes which represent the notional volumes times the probability of exercising the option based on current price volatility. Volumes associated with contracts qualifying for the NPNS exception have been excluded from the table below. Amounts disclosed represent the absolute value of notional amounts. Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio have netted contractual amounts where offsetting purchase and sale contracts exist with identical delivery locations and times of delivery. Where all commodity positions are perfectly offset, no quantities are shown below. For additional information on notional dollar amounts of debt subject to derivative contracts accounted for at fair value, see "Interest Rate Risk" section above.

Underlying Notional Amounts for Derivative Instruments Accounted for At Fair Value

 

Duke Energy    December 31,
2011
     December 31,
2010
 

Electricity-energy (Gigawatt-hours)

     14,118         8,200   

Electricity-capacity (Gigawatt-months)

     —           58   

Emission allowances: SO2 (thousands of tons)

     —           8   

Emission allowances: NOX (thousands of tons)

     9         —     

Natural gas (millions of decatherms)

     40         37   

 

Duke Energy Ohio    December 31,
2011
     December 31,
2010
 

Electricity-energy (Gigawatt-hours)(a)

     14,655         13,183   

Electricity-capacity (Gigawatt-months)

     —           60   

Emission allowances: NOX (thousands of tons)

     9        —     

Natural gas (millions of decatherms)

     2         —     

 

(a) Amounts include intercompany positions that eliminate at the consolidated Duke Energy level.

 

The following table shows fair value amounts of derivative contracts as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the line item(s) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in which such amounts are included. The fair values of derivative contracts are presented on a gross basis, even when the derivative instruments are subject to master netting arrangements where Duke Energy nets the fair value of derivative contracts subject to master netting arrangements with the same counterparty on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash collateral payables and receivables associated with the derivative contracts have not been netted against the fair value amounts.

Location and Fair Value Amounts of Derivatives Reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets

Balance Sheet Location

 

Duke Energy    December 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
     Asset      Liability      Asset      Liability  
     (in millions)  

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Interest rate contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

     4         —           5         —     

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     2         —           16         —     

Current Liabilities: Other

     —           11         —           13   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     —           76        —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 6       $ 87       $ 21       $ 13   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Commodity contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

   $ 81       $ 31       $ 108       $ 54   

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     35         17         55         4   

Current Liabilities: Other

     136         168         75         118   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     25         93         3         72   

Interest rate contracts

           

Investments and Other Assets: Other(a)

     —           —           60         —     

Current Liabilities: Other

     —           2         —           2   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other(b)

     —           75         —           5   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 277       $ 386       $ 301       $ 255   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives

   $ 283       $ 473       $ 322       $ 268   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(a) Balance relates to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Carolinas which receive regulatory accounting treatment.
(b) As of December 31, 2011, includes $67 million related to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Indiana which receive regulatory accounting treatment.

 

Duke Energy Ohio    December 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
     Asset      Liability      Asset      Liability  
     (in millions)  

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Interest rate contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

     3         —           4         —     

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     2         —           2         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 5       $ —         $ 6       $ —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Commodity contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

   $ 79       $ 39       $ 106       $ 57   

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     29         18         6         2   

Current Liabilities: Other

     136         146         75         98   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     22         33         3         7   

Interest rate contracts

           

Current Liabilities: Other

     —           1         —           1   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     —           8         —           4   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 266       $ 245       $ 190       $ 169   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives

   $ 271       $ 245       $ 196       $ 169   

 

The following table shows the amount of the gains and losses recognized on derivative instruments qualifying and designated as cash flow hedges by type of derivative contract during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the Consolidated Statements of Operations line items in which such gains and losses are included.

Cash Flow Hedges—Location and Amount of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in Comprehensive Income

 

$0,000 $0,000
Duke Energy    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  
     (in millions)  

Amount of Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recorded in AOCI

    

Interest rate contracts

     (88     2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recorded in AOCI

   $ (88   $ 2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Location of Pre-tax Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

    

Commodity contracts

    

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

     —          2   

Interest rate contracts

    

Interest expense

     (5     (5
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax Losses Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

   $ (5   $ (3
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

$0,000 $0,000
Duke Energy Ohio    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011      2010  
     (in millions)  

Location of Pre-tax Gains Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

     

Commodity contracts

     

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

   $ —         $ 2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax Gains Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

   $ —         $ 2   

There was no hedge ineffectiveness during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and no gains or losses have been excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness during the same periods for all Duke Energy Registrants.

Duke Energy. At December 31, 2011, $115 million of pre-tax deferred net losses on derivative instruments related to interest rate cash flow hedges remains in AOCI and a $10 million pre-tax gain is expected to be recognized in earnings during the next 12 months as the hedged transactions occur.

Duke Energy Ohio. At December 31, 2011, there were no deferred gains or losses on derivative instruments related to commodity cash flow hedges remaining in AOCI.

The following table shows the amount of the pre-tax gains and losses recognized on undesignated hedges by type of derivative instrument during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the line item(s) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in which such gains and losses are included or deferred on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as regulatory assets or liabilities.

 

Undesignated Hedges—Location and Amount of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in

Income or as Regulatory Assets or Liabilities

 

Duke Energy    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  
     (in millions)  

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in Earnings

    

Commodity contracts

    

Revenue, regulated electric

   $ —        $ 1   

Revenue, non-regulated electric, natural gas and other

     (59     (38

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

     (1     9   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax Losses Recognized in Earnings

   $ (60   $ (28
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized as Regulatory Assets or Liabilities

    

Commodity contracts

    

Regulatory Asset

   $ (1   $ 5   

Regulatory Liability

     17        14   

Interest rate contracts

    

Regulatory Asset(a)

     (165     (1

Regulatory Liability(b)

     (60     60   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recognized as Regulatory Assets or Liabilities

   $ (209   $ 78   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(a) Includes losses related to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Carolinas and Duke Energy Indiana of $94 million and $67 million, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2011.
(b) Amounts relate to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Carolinas.

 

$(28) $(28)
Duke Energy Ohio    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  
     (in millions)  

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in Earnings

    

Commodity contracts

    

Revenue, non-regulated electric and other

     (26     (3

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

     (1     9   

Interest rate contracts

    

Interest expense

     (1     (1
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recognized in Earnings(a)

   $ (28   $ 5   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized as Regulatory Assets

    

 

$(28) $(28)
     2011     2010  

Commodity contracts

    

Regulatory Asset

   $ 1      $ 5   

Interest rate contracts

    

Regulatory Asset

     (4     (1
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recognized as Regulatory Assets

   $ (3   $ 4   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(a) Amounts include intercompany positions that eliminate at the consolidated Duke Energy level.

Credit Risk

The Duke Energy Registrants' principal customers for its electric and gas businesses are commodity clearinghouses, regional transmission organizations, residential, commercial and industrial end-users, marketers, local distribution companies, municipalities, electric cooperatives and utilities located throughout the U.S. and Latin America. The Duke Energy Registrants have concentrations of receivables from natural gas and electric utilities and their affiliates, as well as municipalities, electric cooperatives, residential, commercial and industrial customers and marketers throughout these regions. These concentrations of customers may affect the Duke Energy Registrants' overall credit risk in that risk factors can negatively impact the credit quality of the entire sector. Where exposed to credit risk, the Duke Energy Registrants analyze their counterparties' financial condition prior to entering into an agreement, establish credit limits and monitor the appropriateness of those limits on an ongoing basis.

The Duke Energy Registrants' industry has historically operated under negotiated credit lines for physical delivery contracts. The Duke Energy Registrants frequently use master collateral agreements to mitigate certain credit exposures, primarily related to hedging the risks inherent in its generation portfolio. The collateral agreements provide for a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit to the exposed party for exposure in excess of an established threshold. The threshold amount represents an unsecured credit limit, determined in accordance with the corporate credit policy. Collateral agreements also provide that the inability to post collateral is sufficient cause to terminate contracts and liquidate all positions.

The Duke Energy Registrants also obtain cash, letters of credit or surety bonds from customers to provide credit support outside of collateral agreements, where appropriate, based on its financial analysis of the customer and the regulatory or contractual terms and conditions applicable to each transaction.

For regulated customers, commission rules restrict the ability to requires collateral and minimize exposure through the disconnection of service.

Certain of Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio's derivative contracts contain contingent credit features, such as material adverse change clauses or payment acceleration clauses that could result in immediate payments, the posting of letters of credit or the termination of the derivative contract before maturity if specific events occur, such as a downgrade of Duke Energy or Duke Energy Ohio's credit rating below investment grade.

The following table shows information with respect to derivative contracts that are in a net liability position and contain objective credit-risk related payment provisions. The amounts disclosed in the table below represents the aggregate fair value amounts of such derivative instruments at the end of the reporting period, the aggregate fair value of assets that are already posted as collateral under such derivative instruments at the end of the reporting period, and the aggregate fair value of additional assets that would be required to be transferred in the event that credit-risk-related contingent features were triggered at December 31, 2011.

Information Regarding Derivative Instruments that Contain Credit-risk Related Contingent Features

 

Duke Energy   December 31,
2011
    December 31,
2010
 
    (in millions)  

Aggregate Fair Value Amounts of Derivative Instruments in a Net Liability Position

  $ 96      $ 148   

Collateral Already Posted

  $ 36      $ 2   

Additional Cash Collateral or Letters of Credit in the Event Credit-risk-related Contingent Features were Triggered at the End of the Reporting Period

  $ 5      $ 14   

 

Duke Energy Ohio   December 31,
2011
    December 31,
2010
 
    (in millions)  

Aggregate Fair Value Amounts of Derivative Instruments in a Net Liability Position

  $ 94      $ 147   

Collateral Already Posted

  $ 35      $ 2   

Additional Cash Collateral or Letters of Credit in the Event Credit-risk-related Contingent Features were Triggered at the End of the Reporting Period

  $ 5      $ 14   

Netting of Cash Collateral and Derivative Assets and Liabilities Under Master Netting Arrangements. In accordance with applicable accounting rules, Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio have elected to offset fair value amounts (or amounts that approximate fair value) recognized on their Consolidated Balance Sheets related to cash collateral amounts receivable or payable against fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting agreement. The amounts disclosed in the table below represent the receivables related to the right to reclaim cash collateral and payables related to the obligation to return cash collateral under master netting arrangements as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. See Note 15 for additional information on fair value disclosures related to derivatives.

Information Regarding Cash Collateral under Master Netting Arrangements

 

    December 31, 2011     December 31, 2010  
    (in millions)     (in millions)  
Duke Energy   Receivables     Payables     Receivables     Payables  

Amounts offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

  $ 10        —        $ 2        —     

Amounts not offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets(a)

    30        —         2        3   
     December 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
     (in millions)      (in millions)  
Duke Energy Ohio    Receivables      Payables      Receivables      Payables  

Amounts offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

   $ 9         —         $ 2         —     

Amounts not offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (a)

     28      $ —           —           3   

 

(a) Amounts primarily represent margin deposits related to futures contracts.
Duke Energy Carolinas [Member]
 
Risk Management, Derivative Instruments And Hedging Activities

14. Risk Management, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Duke Energy Registrants closely monitor the risks associated with commodity price changes and changes in interest rates on their operations and, where appropriate, use various commodity and interest rate instruments to manage these risks. Certain of these derivative instruments qualify for hedge accounting and are designated as hedging instruments, while others either do not qualify as hedges or have not been designated as hedges (hereinafter referred to as undesignated contracts). The Duke Energy Registrants' primary use of energy commodity derivatives is to hedge the generation portfolio against exposure to changes in the prices of power and fuel. Interest rate swaps are entered into to manage interest rate risk primarily associated with the Duke Energy Registrants' variable-rate and fixed-rate borrowings.

The accounting guidance for derivatives requires the recognition of all derivative instruments not identified as NPNS as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting, the Duke Energy Registrants may elect to designate such derivatives as either cash flow hedges or fair value hedges. The Duke Energy Registrants offset fair value amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting agreement.

The operations of the USFE&G business segment meet the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment. Accordingly, for derivatives designated as cash flow hedges within USFE&G, gains and losses are reflected as a regulatory liability or asset instead of as a component of AOCI. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges or left undesignated within USFE&G, gains and losses associated with the change in fair value of these derivative contracts would be deferred as a regulatory liability or asset, thus having no immediate earnings impact.

Within the Duke Energy Registrants' unregulated businesses, for derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting and are designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss is reported as a component of AOCI and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any gains or losses on the derivative that represent either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings. For derivative instruments that qualify and are designated as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item are recognized in earnings in the current period. The Duke Energy Registrants' include the gain or loss on the derivative in the same line item as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Additionally, the Duke Energy Registrants' enter into derivative agreements that are economic hedges that either do not qualify for hedge accounting or have not been designated as a hedge. The changes in fair value of these undesignated derivative instruments are reflected in current earnings.

Information presented in the tables below relates to Duke Energy on a consolidated basis and Duke Energy Ohio. As regulatory accounting treatment is applied to substantially all of Duke Energy Carolinas' and Duke Energy Indiana's derivative instruments, and the carrying value of the respective derivative instruments comprise a small portion of Duke Energy's overall balance, separate disclosure for each of those registrants is not presented.

Commodity Price Risk

The Duke Energy Registrants are exposed to the impact of market changes in the future prices of electricity (energy, capacity and financial transmission rights), coal, natural gas and emission allowances (SO2 , seasonal NOX and annual NOX) as a result of their energy operations such as electric generation and the transportation and sale of natural gas. With respect to commodity price risks associated with electric generation, the Duke Energy Registrants are exposed to changes including, but not limited to, the cost of the coal and natural gas used to generate electricity, the prices of electricity in wholesale markets, the cost of capacity required to purchase and sell electricity in wholesale markets and the cost of emission allowances primarily at the Duke Energy Registrants' coal fired power plants. Risks associated with commodity price changes on future operations are closely monitored and, where appropriate, various commodity contracts are used to mitigate the effect of such fluctuations on operations. Exposure to commodity price risk is influenced by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the term of the contract, the liquidity of the market and delivery location.

Commodity Fair Value Hedges. At December 31, 2011, there were no open commodity derivative instruments that were designated as fair value hedges.

Commodity Cash Flow Hedges. At December 31, 2011, there were no open commodity derivative instruments that were designated as cash flow hedges.

Undesignated Contracts. The Duke Energy Registrants use derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from providing electric generation and capacity to large energy customers, energy aggregators, retail customers and other wholesale companies. Undesignated contracts may include contracts not designated as a hedge, contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting, derivatives that do not or no longer qualify for the NPNS scope exception, and de-designated hedge contracts. Undesignated contracts also include contracts associated with operations that Duke Energy continues to wind down or has included as discontinued operations. As these undesignated contracts expire as late as 2021, Duke Energy has entered into economic hedges that leave it minimally exposed to changes in prices over the duration of these contracts.

Duke Energy Carolinas uses derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from electricity generation. As of December 31, 2011 Duke Energy Carolinas does not have any undesignated commodity contracts.

Duke Energy Ohio uses derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from providing electricity generation and capacity to large energy customers, energy aggregators, retail customers and other wholesale companies. Undesignated contracts at December 31, 2011 are primarily associated with forward sales and purchases of power, coal and emission allowances, for the Commercial Power segment.

Duke Energy Indiana uses derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from electric generation. Undesignated contracts at December 31, 2011 are primarily associated with forward purchases and sales of power, forward purchases of natural gas and financial transmission rights.

Interest Rate Risk

The Duke Energy Registrants are exposed to risk resulting from changes in interest rates as a result of their issuance or anticipated issuance of variable and fixed-rate debt and commercial paper. Interest rate exposure is managed by limiting variable-rate exposures to a percentage of total debt and by monitoring the effects of market changes in interest rates. To manage risk associated with changes in interest rates, the Duke Energy Registrants may enter into financial contracts; primarily interest rate swaps and U.S. Treasury lock agreements. Additionally, in anticipation of certain fixed-rate debt issuances, a series of forward starting interest rate swaps may be executed to lock in components of the market interest rates at the time and terminated prior to or upon the issuance of the corresponding debt. When these transactions occur within a business that meets the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment, these contracts may be treated as undesignated and any pre-tax gain or loss recognized from inception to termination of the hedges would be recorded as a regulatory liability or asset and amortized as a component of interest expense over the life of the debt. Alternatively, these derivatives may be designated as hedges whereby, any pre-tax gain or loss recognized from inception to termination of the hedges would be recorded in AOCI and amortized as a component of interest expense over the life of the debt.

 

The following table shows the notional amounts for derivatives related to interest rate risk at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

Notional Amounts of Derivative Instruments Related to Interest Rate Risk

 

     Duke Energy      Duke Energy
Carolinas
     Duke Energy
Ohio
     Duke Energy
Indiana
 
     (in millions)  

Cash Flow Hedges(a)

   $ 841       $ —         $ —         $ —     

Undesignated Contracts

     247         —           27         200   

Fair Value Hedges

     275         25         250         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Notional Amount at December 31, 2011

   $ 1,363       $ 25       $ 277       $ 200   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Duke Energy      Duke Energy
Carolinas
     Duke Energy Ohio  
     (in millions)  

Cash Flow Hedges(a)

   $ 492       $ —         $ —     

Undesignated Contracts

     561         500         27   

Fair Value Hedges

     275         25         250   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Notional Amount at December 31, 2010

   $ 1,328       $ 525       $ 277   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(a) Includes amounts related to non-recourse variable rate long-term debt of VIEs of $466 million at December 31, 2011 and $492 million at December 31, 2010.

Volumes

The following tables show information relating to the volume of Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio's commodity derivative activity outstanding as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Amounts disclosed represent the notional volumes of commodities contracts accounted for at fair value. For option contracts, notional amounts include only the delta-equivalent volumes which represent the notional volumes times the probability of exercising the option based on current price volatility. Volumes associated with contracts qualifying for the NPNS exception have been excluded from the table below. Amounts disclosed represent the absolute value of notional amounts. Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio have netted contractual amounts where offsetting purchase and sale contracts exist with identical delivery locations and times of delivery. Where all commodity positions are perfectly offset, no quantities are shown below. For additional information on notional dollar amounts of debt subject to derivative contracts accounted for at fair value, see "Interest Rate Risk" section above.

Underlying Notional Amounts for Derivative Instruments Accounted for At Fair Value

 

Duke Energy    December 31,
2011
     December 31,
2010
 

Electricity-energy (Gigawatt-hours)

     14,118         8,200   

Electricity-capacity (Gigawatt-months)

     —           58   

Emission allowances: SO2 (thousands of tons)

     —           8   

Emission allowances: NOX (thousands of tons)

     9         —     

Natural gas (millions of decatherms)

     40         37   

 

Duke Energy Ohio    December 31,
2011
     December 31,
2010
 

Electricity-energy (Gigawatt-hours)(a)

     14,655         13,183   

Electricity-capacity (Gigawatt-months)

     —           60   

Emission allowances: NOX (thousands of tons)

     9        —     

Natural gas (millions of decatherms)

     2         —     

 

(a) Amounts include intercompany positions that eliminate at the consolidated Duke Energy level.

 

The following table shows fair value amounts of derivative contracts as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the line item(s) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in which such amounts are included. The fair values of derivative contracts are presented on a gross basis, even when the derivative instruments are subject to master netting arrangements where Duke Energy nets the fair value of derivative contracts subject to master netting arrangements with the same counterparty on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash collateral payables and receivables associated with the derivative contracts have not been netted against the fair value amounts.

Location and Fair Value Amounts of Derivatives Reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets

Balance Sheet Location

 

Duke Energy    December 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
     Asset      Liability      Asset      Liability  
     (in millions)  

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Interest rate contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

     4         —           5         —     

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     2         —           16         —     

Current Liabilities: Other

     —           11         —           13   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     —           76        —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 6       $ 87       $ 21       $ 13   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Commodity contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

   $ 81       $ 31       $ 108       $ 54   

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     35         17         55         4   

Current Liabilities: Other

     136         168         75         118   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     25         93         3         72   

Interest rate contracts

           

Investments and Other Assets: Other(a)

     —           —           60         —     

Current Liabilities: Other

     —           2         —           2   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other(b)

     —           75         —           5   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 277       $ 386       $ 301       $ 255   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives

   $ 283       $ 473       $ 322       $ 268   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(a) Balance relates to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Carolinas which receive regulatory accounting treatment.
(b) As of December 31, 2011, includes $67 million related to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Indiana which receive regulatory accounting treatment.

 

Duke Energy Ohio    December 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
     Asset      Liability      Asset      Liability  
     (in millions)  

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Interest rate contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

     3         —           4         —     

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     2         —           2         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 5       $ —         $ 6       $ —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Commodity contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

   $ 79       $ 39       $ 106       $ 57   

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     29         18         6         2   

Current Liabilities: Other

     136         146         75         98   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     22         33         3         7   

Interest rate contracts

           

Current Liabilities: Other

     —           1         —           1   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     —           8         —           4   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 266       $ 245       $ 190       $ 169   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives

   $ 271       $ 245       $ 196       $ 169   

 

The following table shows the amount of the gains and losses recognized on derivative instruments qualifying and designated as cash flow hedges by type of derivative contract during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the Consolidated Statements of Operations line items in which such gains and losses are included.

Cash Flow Hedges—Location and Amount of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in Comprehensive Income

 

$0,000 $0,000
Duke Energy    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  
     (in millions)  

Amount of Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recorded in AOCI

    

Interest rate contracts

     (88     2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recorded in AOCI

   $ (88   $ 2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Location of Pre-tax Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

    

Commodity contracts

    

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

     —          2   

Interest rate contracts

    

Interest expense

     (5     (5
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax Losses Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

   $ (5   $ (3
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

$0,000 $0,000
Duke Energy Ohio    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011      2010  
     (in millions)  

Location of Pre-tax Gains Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

     

Commodity contracts

     

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

   $ —         $ 2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax Gains Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

   $ —         $ 2   

There was no hedge ineffectiveness during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and no gains or losses have been excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness during the same periods for all Duke Energy Registrants.

Duke Energy. At December 31, 2011, $115 million of pre-tax deferred net losses on derivative instruments related to interest rate cash flow hedges remains in AOCI and a $10 million pre-tax gain is expected to be recognized in earnings during the next 12 months as the hedged transactions occur.

Duke Energy Ohio. At December 31, 2011, there were no deferred gains or losses on derivative instruments related to commodity cash flow hedges remaining in AOCI.

The following table shows the amount of the pre-tax gains and losses recognized on undesignated hedges by type of derivative instrument during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the line item(s) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in which such gains and losses are included or deferred on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as regulatory assets or liabilities.

 

Undesignated Hedges—Location and Amount of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in

Income or as Regulatory Assets or Liabilities

 

Duke Energy    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  
     (in millions)  

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in Earnings

    

Commodity contracts

    

Revenue, regulated electric

   $ —        $ 1   

Revenue, non-regulated electric, natural gas and other

     (59     (38

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

     (1     9   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax Losses Recognized in Earnings

   $ (60   $ (28
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized as Regulatory Assets or Liabilities

    

Commodity contracts

    

Regulatory Asset

   $ (1   $ 5   

Regulatory Liability

     17        14   

Interest rate contracts

    

Regulatory Asset(a)

     (165     (1

Regulatory Liability(b)

     (60     60   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recognized as Regulatory Assets or Liabilities

   $ (209   $ 78   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(a) Includes losses related to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Carolinas and Duke Energy Indiana of $94 million and $67 million, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2011.
(b) Amounts relate to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Carolinas.

 

$(28) $(28)
Duke Energy Ohio    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  
     (in millions)  

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in Earnings

    

Commodity contracts

    

Revenue, non-regulated electric and other

     (26     (3

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

     (1     9   

Interest rate contracts

    

Interest expense

     (1     (1
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recognized in Earnings(a)

   $ (28   $ 5   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized as Regulatory Assets

    

 

$(28) $(28)
     2011     2010  

Commodity contracts

    

Regulatory Asset

   $ 1      $ 5   

Interest rate contracts

    

Regulatory Asset

     (4     (1
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recognized as Regulatory Assets

   $ (3   $ 4   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(a) Amounts include intercompany positions that eliminate at the consolidated Duke Energy level.

Credit Risk

The Duke Energy Registrants' principal customers for its electric and gas businesses are commodity clearinghouses, regional transmission organizations, residential, commercial and industrial end-users, marketers, local distribution companies, municipalities, electric cooperatives and utilities located throughout the U.S. and Latin America. The Duke Energy Registrants have concentrations of receivables from natural gas and electric utilities and their affiliates, as well as municipalities, electric cooperatives, residential, commercial and industrial customers and marketers throughout these regions. These concentrations of customers may affect the Duke Energy Registrants' overall credit risk in that risk factors can negatively impact the credit quality of the entire sector. Where exposed to credit risk, the Duke Energy Registrants analyze their counterparties' financial condition prior to entering into an agreement, establish credit limits and monitor the appropriateness of those limits on an ongoing basis.

The Duke Energy Registrants' industry has historically operated under negotiated credit lines for physical delivery contracts. The Duke Energy Registrants frequently use master collateral agreements to mitigate certain credit exposures, primarily related to hedging the risks inherent in its generation portfolio. The collateral agreements provide for a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit to the exposed party for exposure in excess of an established threshold. The threshold amount represents an unsecured credit limit, determined in accordance with the corporate credit policy. Collateral agreements also provide that the inability to post collateral is sufficient cause to terminate contracts and liquidate all positions.

The Duke Energy Registrants also obtain cash, letters of credit or surety bonds from customers to provide credit support outside of collateral agreements, where appropriate, based on its financial analysis of the customer and the regulatory or contractual terms and conditions applicable to each transaction.

For regulated customers, commission rules restrict the ability to requires collateral and minimize exposure through the disconnection of service.

Certain of Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio's derivative contracts contain contingent credit features, such as material adverse change clauses or payment acceleration clauses that could result in immediate payments, the posting of letters of credit or the termination of the derivative contract before maturity if specific events occur, such as a downgrade of Duke Energy or Duke Energy Ohio's credit rating below investment grade.

The following table shows information with respect to derivative contracts that are in a net liability position and contain objective credit-risk related payment provisions. The amounts disclosed in the table below represents the aggregate fair value amounts of such derivative instruments at the end of the reporting period, the aggregate fair value of assets that are already posted as collateral under such derivative instruments at the end of the reporting period, and the aggregate fair value of additional assets that would be required to be transferred in the event that credit-risk-related contingent features were triggered at December 31, 2011.

Information Regarding Derivative Instruments that Contain Credit-risk Related Contingent Features

 

Duke Energy   December 31,
2011
    December 31,
2010
 
    (in millions)  

Aggregate Fair Value Amounts of Derivative Instruments in a Net Liability Position

  $ 96      $ 148   

Collateral Already Posted

  $ 36      $ 2   

Additional Cash Collateral or Letters of Credit in the Event Credit-risk-related Contingent Features were Triggered at the End of the Reporting Period

  $ 5      $ 14   

 

Duke Energy Ohio   December 31,
2011
    December 31,
2010
 
    (in millions)  

Aggregate Fair Value Amounts of Derivative Instruments in a Net Liability Position

  $ 94      $ 147   

Collateral Already Posted

  $ 35      $ 2   

Additional Cash Collateral or Letters of Credit in the Event Credit-risk-related Contingent Features were Triggered at the End of the Reporting Period

  $ 5      $ 14   

Netting of Cash Collateral and Derivative Assets and Liabilities Under Master Netting Arrangements. In accordance with applicable accounting rules, Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio have elected to offset fair value amounts (or amounts that approximate fair value) recognized on their Consolidated Balance Sheets related to cash collateral amounts receivable or payable against fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting agreement. The amounts disclosed in the table below represent the receivables related to the right to reclaim cash collateral and payables related to the obligation to return cash collateral under master netting arrangements as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. See Note 15 for additional information on fair value disclosures related to derivatives.

Information Regarding Cash Collateral under Master Netting Arrangements

 

    December 31, 2011     December 31, 2010  
    (in millions)     (in millions)  
Duke Energy   Receivables     Payables     Receivables     Payables  

Amounts offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

  $ 10        —        $ 2        —     

Amounts not offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets(a)

    30        —         2        3   
     December 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
     (in millions)      (in millions)  
Duke Energy Ohio    Receivables      Payables      Receivables      Payables  

Amounts offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

   $ 9         —         $ 2         —     

Amounts not offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (a)

     28      $ —           —           3   

 

(a) Amounts primarily represent margin deposits related to futures contracts.
Duke Energy Indiana [Member]
 
Risk Management, Derivative Instruments And Hedging Activities

14. Risk Management, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Duke Energy Registrants closely monitor the risks associated with commodity price changes and changes in interest rates on their operations and, where appropriate, use various commodity and interest rate instruments to manage these risks. Certain of these derivative instruments qualify for hedge accounting and are designated as hedging instruments, while others either do not qualify as hedges or have not been designated as hedges (hereinafter referred to as undesignated contracts). The Duke Energy Registrants' primary use of energy commodity derivatives is to hedge the generation portfolio against exposure to changes in the prices of power and fuel. Interest rate swaps are entered into to manage interest rate risk primarily associated with the Duke Energy Registrants' variable-rate and fixed-rate borrowings.

The accounting guidance for derivatives requires the recognition of all derivative instruments not identified as NPNS as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting, the Duke Energy Registrants may elect to designate such derivatives as either cash flow hedges or fair value hedges. The Duke Energy Registrants offset fair value amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting agreement.

The operations of the USFE&G business segment meet the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment. Accordingly, for derivatives designated as cash flow hedges within USFE&G, gains and losses are reflected as a regulatory liability or asset instead of as a component of AOCI. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges or left undesignated within USFE&G, gains and losses associated with the change in fair value of these derivative contracts would be deferred as a regulatory liability or asset, thus having no immediate earnings impact.

Within the Duke Energy Registrants' unregulated businesses, for derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting and are designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss is reported as a component of AOCI and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any gains or losses on the derivative that represent either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings. For derivative instruments that qualify and are designated as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item are recognized in earnings in the current period. The Duke Energy Registrants' include the gain or loss on the derivative in the same line item as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Additionally, the Duke Energy Registrants' enter into derivative agreements that are economic hedges that either do not qualify for hedge accounting or have not been designated as a hedge. The changes in fair value of these undesignated derivative instruments are reflected in current earnings.

Information presented in the tables below relates to Duke Energy on a consolidated basis and Duke Energy Ohio. As regulatory accounting treatment is applied to substantially all of Duke Energy Carolinas' and Duke Energy Indiana's derivative instruments, and the carrying value of the respective derivative instruments comprise a small portion of Duke Energy's overall balance, separate disclosure for each of those registrants is not presented.

Commodity Price Risk

The Duke Energy Registrants are exposed to the impact of market changes in the future prices of electricity (energy, capacity and financial transmission rights), coal, natural gas and emission allowances (SO2 , seasonal NOX and annual NOX) as a result of their energy operations such as electric generation and the transportation and sale of natural gas. With respect to commodity price risks associated with electric generation, the Duke Energy Registrants are exposed to changes including, but not limited to, the cost of the coal and natural gas used to generate electricity, the prices of electricity in wholesale markets, the cost of capacity required to purchase and sell electricity in wholesale markets and the cost of emission allowances primarily at the Duke Energy Registrants' coal fired power plants. Risks associated with commodity price changes on future operations are closely monitored and, where appropriate, various commodity contracts are used to mitigate the effect of such fluctuations on operations. Exposure to commodity price risk is influenced by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the term of the contract, the liquidity of the market and delivery location.

Commodity Fair Value Hedges. At December 31, 2011, there were no open commodity derivative instruments that were designated as fair value hedges.

Commodity Cash Flow Hedges. At December 31, 2011, there were no open commodity derivative instruments that were designated as cash flow hedges.

Undesignated Contracts. The Duke Energy Registrants use derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from providing electric generation and capacity to large energy customers, energy aggregators, retail customers and other wholesale companies. Undesignated contracts may include contracts not designated as a hedge, contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting, derivatives that do not or no longer qualify for the NPNS scope exception, and de-designated hedge contracts. Undesignated contracts also include contracts associated with operations that Duke Energy continues to wind down or has included as discontinued operations. As these undesignated contracts expire as late as 2021, Duke Energy has entered into economic hedges that leave it minimally exposed to changes in prices over the duration of these contracts.

Duke Energy Carolinas uses derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from electricity generation. As of December 31, 2011 Duke Energy Carolinas does not have any undesignated commodity contracts.

Duke Energy Ohio uses derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from providing electricity generation and capacity to large energy customers, energy aggregators, retail customers and other wholesale companies. Undesignated contracts at December 31, 2011 are primarily associated with forward sales and purchases of power, coal and emission allowances, for the Commercial Power segment.

Duke Energy Indiana uses derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from electric generation. Undesignated contracts at December 31, 2011 are primarily associated with forward purchases and sales of power, forward purchases of natural gas and financial transmission rights.

Interest Rate Risk

The Duke Energy Registrants are exposed to risk resulting from changes in interest rates as a result of their issuance or anticipated issuance of variable and fixed-rate debt and commercial paper. Interest rate exposure is managed by limiting variable-rate exposures to a percentage of total debt and by monitoring the effects of market changes in interest rates. To manage risk associated with changes in interest rates, the Duke Energy Registrants may enter into financial contracts; primarily interest rate swaps and U.S. Treasury lock agreements. Additionally, in anticipation of certain fixed-rate debt issuances, a series of forward starting interest rate swaps may be executed to lock in components of the market interest rates at the time and terminated prior to or upon the issuance of the corresponding debt. When these transactions occur within a business that meets the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment, these contracts may be treated as undesignated and any pre-tax gain or loss recognized from inception to termination of the hedges would be recorded as a regulatory liability or asset and amortized as a component of interest expense over the life of the debt. Alternatively, these derivatives may be designated as hedges whereby, any pre-tax gain or loss recognized from inception to termination of the hedges would be recorded in AOCI and amortized as a component of interest expense over the life of the debt.

 

The following table shows the notional amounts for derivatives related to interest rate risk at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

Notional Amounts of Derivative Instruments Related to Interest Rate Risk

 

     Duke Energy      Duke Energy
Carolinas
     Duke Energy
Ohio
     Duke Energy
Indiana
 
     (in millions)  

Cash Flow Hedges(a)

   $ 841       $ —         $ —         $ —     

Undesignated Contracts

     247         —           27         200   

Fair Value Hedges

     275         25         250         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Notional Amount at December 31, 2011

   $ 1,363       $ 25       $ 277       $ 200   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Duke Energy      Duke Energy
Carolinas
     Duke Energy Ohio  
     (in millions)  

Cash Flow Hedges(a)

   $ 492       $ —         $ —     

Undesignated Contracts

     561         500         27   

Fair Value Hedges

     275         25         250   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Notional Amount at December 31, 2010

   $ 1,328       $ 525       $ 277   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(a) Includes amounts related to non-recourse variable rate long-term debt of VIEs of $466 million at December 31, 2011 and $492 million at December 31, 2010.

Volumes

The following tables show information relating to the volume of Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio's commodity derivative activity outstanding as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Amounts disclosed represent the notional volumes of commodities contracts accounted for at fair value. For option contracts, notional amounts include only the delta-equivalent volumes which represent the notional volumes times the probability of exercising the option based on current price volatility. Volumes associated with contracts qualifying for the NPNS exception have been excluded from the table below. Amounts disclosed represent the absolute value of notional amounts. Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio have netted contractual amounts where offsetting purchase and sale contracts exist with identical delivery locations and times of delivery. Where all commodity positions are perfectly offset, no quantities are shown below. For additional information on notional dollar amounts of debt subject to derivative contracts accounted for at fair value, see "Interest Rate Risk" section above.

Underlying Notional Amounts for Derivative Instruments Accounted for At Fair Value

 

Duke Energy    December 31,
2011
     December 31,
2010
 

Electricity-energy (Gigawatt-hours)

     14,118         8,200   

Electricity-capacity (Gigawatt-months)

     —           58   

Emission allowances: SO2 (thousands of tons)

     —           8   

Emission allowances: NOX (thousands of tons)

     9         —     

Natural gas (millions of decatherms)

     40         37   

 

Duke Energy Ohio    December 31,
2011
     December 31,
2010
 

Electricity-energy (Gigawatt-hours)(a)

     14,655         13,183   

Electricity-capacity (Gigawatt-months)

     —           60   

Emission allowances: NOX (thousands of tons)

     9        —     

Natural gas (millions of decatherms)

     2         —     

 

(a) Amounts include intercompany positions that eliminate at the consolidated Duke Energy level.

 

The following table shows fair value amounts of derivative contracts as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the line item(s) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in which such amounts are included. The fair values of derivative contracts are presented on a gross basis, even when the derivative instruments are subject to master netting arrangements where Duke Energy nets the fair value of derivative contracts subject to master netting arrangements with the same counterparty on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash collateral payables and receivables associated with the derivative contracts have not been netted against the fair value amounts.

Location and Fair Value Amounts of Derivatives Reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets

Balance Sheet Location

 

Duke Energy    December 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
     Asset      Liability      Asset      Liability  
     (in millions)  

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Interest rate contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

     4         —           5         —     

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     2         —           16         —     

Current Liabilities: Other

     —           11         —           13   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     —           76        —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 6       $ 87       $ 21       $ 13   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Commodity contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

   $ 81       $ 31       $ 108       $ 54   

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     35         17         55         4   

Current Liabilities: Other

     136         168         75         118   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     25         93         3         72   

Interest rate contracts

           

Investments and Other Assets: Other(a)

     —           —           60         —     

Current Liabilities: Other

     —           2         —           2   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other(b)

     —           75         —           5   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 277       $ 386       $ 301       $ 255   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives

   $ 283       $ 473       $ 322       $ 268   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(a) Balance relates to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Carolinas which receive regulatory accounting treatment.
(b) As of December 31, 2011, includes $67 million related to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Indiana which receive regulatory accounting treatment.

 

Duke Energy Ohio    December 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
     Asset      Liability      Asset      Liability  
     (in millions)  

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Interest rate contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

     3         —           4         —     

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     2         —           2         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 5       $ —         $ 6       $ —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Commodity contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

   $ 79       $ 39       $ 106       $ 57   

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     29         18         6         2   

Current Liabilities: Other

     136         146         75         98   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     22         33         3         7   

Interest rate contracts

           

Current Liabilities: Other

     —           1         —           1   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     —           8         —           4   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 266       $ 245       $ 190       $ 169   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives

   $ 271       $ 245       $ 196       $ 169   

 

The following table shows the amount of the gains and losses recognized on derivative instruments qualifying and designated as cash flow hedges by type of derivative contract during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the Consolidated Statements of Operations line items in which such gains and losses are included.

Cash Flow Hedges—Location and Amount of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in Comprehensive Income

 

$0,000 $0,000
Duke Energy    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  
     (in millions)  

Amount of Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recorded in AOCI

    

Interest rate contracts

     (88     2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recorded in AOCI

   $ (88   $ 2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Location of Pre-tax Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

    

Commodity contracts

    

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

     —          2   

Interest rate contracts

    

Interest expense

     (5     (5
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax Losses Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

   $ (5   $ (3
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

$0,000 $0,000
Duke Energy Ohio    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011      2010  
     (in millions)  

Location of Pre-tax Gains Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

     

Commodity contracts

     

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

   $ —         $ 2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax Gains Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

   $ —         $ 2   

There was no hedge ineffectiveness during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and no gains or losses have been excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness during the same periods for all Duke Energy Registrants.

Duke Energy. At December 31, 2011, $115 million of pre-tax deferred net losses on derivative instruments related to interest rate cash flow hedges remains in AOCI and a $10 million pre-tax gain is expected to be recognized in earnings during the next 12 months as the hedged transactions occur.

Duke Energy Ohio. At December 31, 2011, there were no deferred gains or losses on derivative instruments related to commodity cash flow hedges remaining in AOCI.

The following table shows the amount of the pre-tax gains and losses recognized on undesignated hedges by type of derivative instrument during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the line item(s) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in which such gains and losses are included or deferred on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as regulatory assets or liabilities.

 

Undesignated Hedges—Location and Amount of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in

Income or as Regulatory Assets or Liabilities

 

Duke Energy    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  
     (in millions)  

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in Earnings

    

Commodity contracts

    

Revenue, regulated electric

   $ —        $ 1   

Revenue, non-regulated electric, natural gas and other

     (59     (38

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

     (1     9   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax Losses Recognized in Earnings

   $ (60   $ (28
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized as Regulatory Assets or Liabilities

    

Commodity contracts

    

Regulatory Asset

   $ (1   $ 5   

Regulatory Liability

     17        14   

Interest rate contracts

    

Regulatory Asset(a)

     (165     (1

Regulatory Liability(b)

     (60     60   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recognized as Regulatory Assets or Liabilities

   $ (209   $ 78   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(a) Includes losses related to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Carolinas and Duke Energy Indiana of $94 million and $67 million, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2011.
(b) Amounts relate to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Carolinas.

 

$(28) $(28)
Duke Energy Ohio    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  
     (in millions)  

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in Earnings

    

Commodity contracts

    

Revenue, non-regulated electric and other

     (26     (3

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

     (1     9   

Interest rate contracts

    

Interest expense

     (1     (1
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recognized in Earnings(a)

   $ (28   $ 5   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized as Regulatory Assets

    

 

$(28) $(28)
     2011     2010  

Commodity contracts

    

Regulatory Asset

   $ 1      $ 5   

Interest rate contracts

    

Regulatory Asset

     (4     (1
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recognized as Regulatory Assets

   $ (3   $ 4   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(a) Amounts include intercompany positions that eliminate at the consolidated Duke Energy level.

Credit Risk

The Duke Energy Registrants' principal customers for its electric and gas businesses are commodity clearinghouses, regional transmission organizations, residential, commercial and industrial end-users, marketers, local distribution companies, municipalities, electric cooperatives and utilities located throughout the U.S. and Latin America. The Duke Energy Registrants have concentrations of receivables from natural gas and electric utilities and their affiliates, as well as municipalities, electric cooperatives, residential, commercial and industrial customers and marketers throughout these regions. These concentrations of customers may affect the Duke Energy Registrants' overall credit risk in that risk factors can negatively impact the credit quality of the entire sector. Where exposed to credit risk, the Duke Energy Registrants analyze their counterparties' financial condition prior to entering into an agreement, establish credit limits and monitor the appropriateness of those limits on an ongoing basis.

The Duke Energy Registrants' industry has historically operated under negotiated credit lines for physical delivery contracts. The Duke Energy Registrants frequently use master collateral agreements to mitigate certain credit exposures, primarily related to hedging the risks inherent in its generation portfolio. The collateral agreements provide for a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit to the exposed party for exposure in excess of an established threshold. The threshold amount represents an unsecured credit limit, determined in accordance with the corporate credit policy. Collateral agreements also provide that the inability to post collateral is sufficient cause to terminate contracts and liquidate all positions.

The Duke Energy Registrants also obtain cash, letters of credit or surety bonds from customers to provide credit support outside of collateral agreements, where appropriate, based on its financial analysis of the customer and the regulatory or contractual terms and conditions applicable to each transaction.

For regulated customers, commission rules restrict the ability to requires collateral and minimize exposure through the disconnection of service.

Certain of Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio's derivative contracts contain contingent credit features, such as material adverse change clauses or payment acceleration clauses that could result in immediate payments, the posting of letters of credit or the termination of the derivative contract before maturity if specific events occur, such as a downgrade of Duke Energy or Duke Energy Ohio's credit rating below investment grade.

The following table shows information with respect to derivative contracts that are in a net liability position and contain objective credit-risk related payment provisions. The amounts disclosed in the table below represents the aggregate fair value amounts of such derivative instruments at the end of the reporting period, the aggregate fair value of assets that are already posted as collateral under such derivative instruments at the end of the reporting period, and the aggregate fair value of additional assets that would be required to be transferred in the event that credit-risk-related contingent features were triggered at December 31, 2011.

Information Regarding Derivative Instruments that Contain Credit-risk Related Contingent Features

 

Duke Energy   December 31,
2011
    December 31,
2010
 
    (in millions)  

Aggregate Fair Value Amounts of Derivative Instruments in a Net Liability Position

  $ 96      $ 148   

Collateral Already Posted

  $ 36      $ 2   

Additional Cash Collateral or Letters of Credit in the Event Credit-risk-related Contingent Features were Triggered at the End of the Reporting Period

  $ 5      $ 14   

 

Duke Energy Ohio   December 31,
2011
    December 31,
2010
 
    (in millions)  

Aggregate Fair Value Amounts of Derivative Instruments in a Net Liability Position

  $ 94      $ 147   

Collateral Already Posted

  $ 35      $ 2   

Additional Cash Collateral or Letters of Credit in the Event Credit-risk-related Contingent Features were Triggered at the End of the Reporting Period

  $ 5      $ 14   

Netting of Cash Collateral and Derivative Assets and Liabilities Under Master Netting Arrangements. In accordance with applicable accounting rules, Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio have elected to offset fair value amounts (or amounts that approximate fair value) recognized on their Consolidated Balance Sheets related to cash collateral amounts receivable or payable against fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting agreement. The amounts disclosed in the table below represent the receivables related to the right to reclaim cash collateral and payables related to the obligation to return cash collateral under master netting arrangements as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. See Note 15 for additional information on fair value disclosures related to derivatives.

Information Regarding Cash Collateral under Master Netting Arrangements

 

    December 31, 2011     December 31, 2010  
    (in millions)     (in millions)  
Duke Energy   Receivables     Payables     Receivables     Payables  

Amounts offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

  $ 10        —        $ 2        —     

Amounts not offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets(a)

    30        —         2        3   
     December 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
     (in millions)      (in millions)  
Duke Energy Ohio    Receivables      Payables      Receivables      Payables  

Amounts offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

   $ 9         —         $ 2         —     

Amounts not offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (a)

     28      $ —           —           3   

 

(a) Amounts primarily represent margin deposits related to futures contracts.
Duke Energy Ohio [Member]
 
Risk Management, Derivative Instruments And Hedging Activities

14. Risk Management, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Duke Energy Registrants closely monitor the risks associated with commodity price changes and changes in interest rates on their operations and, where appropriate, use various commodity and interest rate instruments to manage these risks. Certain of these derivative instruments qualify for hedge accounting and are designated as hedging instruments, while others either do not qualify as hedges or have not been designated as hedges (hereinafter referred to as undesignated contracts). The Duke Energy Registrants' primary use of energy commodity derivatives is to hedge the generation portfolio against exposure to changes in the prices of power and fuel. Interest rate swaps are entered into to manage interest rate risk primarily associated with the Duke Energy Registrants' variable-rate and fixed-rate borrowings.

The accounting guidance for derivatives requires the recognition of all derivative instruments not identified as NPNS as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting, the Duke Energy Registrants may elect to designate such derivatives as either cash flow hedges or fair value hedges. The Duke Energy Registrants offset fair value amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting agreement.

The operations of the USFE&G business segment meet the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment. Accordingly, for derivatives designated as cash flow hedges within USFE&G, gains and losses are reflected as a regulatory liability or asset instead of as a component of AOCI. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges or left undesignated within USFE&G, gains and losses associated with the change in fair value of these derivative contracts would be deferred as a regulatory liability or asset, thus having no immediate earnings impact.

Within the Duke Energy Registrants' unregulated businesses, for derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting and are designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss is reported as a component of AOCI and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any gains or losses on the derivative that represent either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings. For derivative instruments that qualify and are designated as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item are recognized in earnings in the current period. The Duke Energy Registrants' include the gain or loss on the derivative in the same line item as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Additionally, the Duke Energy Registrants' enter into derivative agreements that are economic hedges that either do not qualify for hedge accounting or have not been designated as a hedge. The changes in fair value of these undesignated derivative instruments are reflected in current earnings.

Information presented in the tables below relates to Duke Energy on a consolidated basis and Duke Energy Ohio. As regulatory accounting treatment is applied to substantially all of Duke Energy Carolinas' and Duke Energy Indiana's derivative instruments, and the carrying value of the respective derivative instruments comprise a small portion of Duke Energy's overall balance, separate disclosure for each of those registrants is not presented.

Commodity Price Risk

The Duke Energy Registrants are exposed to the impact of market changes in the future prices of electricity (energy, capacity and financial transmission rights), coal, natural gas and emission allowances (SO2 , seasonal NOX and annual NOX) as a result of their energy operations such as electric generation and the transportation and sale of natural gas. With respect to commodity price risks associated with electric generation, the Duke Energy Registrants are exposed to changes including, but not limited to, the cost of the coal and natural gas used to generate electricity, the prices of electricity in wholesale markets, the cost of capacity required to purchase and sell electricity in wholesale markets and the cost of emission allowances primarily at the Duke Energy Registrants' coal fired power plants. Risks associated with commodity price changes on future operations are closely monitored and, where appropriate, various commodity contracts are used to mitigate the effect of such fluctuations on operations. Exposure to commodity price risk is influenced by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the term of the contract, the liquidity of the market and delivery location.

Commodity Fair Value Hedges. At December 31, 2011, there were no open commodity derivative instruments that were designated as fair value hedges.

Commodity Cash Flow Hedges. At December 31, 2011, there were no open commodity derivative instruments that were designated as cash flow hedges.

Undesignated Contracts. The Duke Energy Registrants use derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from providing electric generation and capacity to large energy customers, energy aggregators, retail customers and other wholesale companies. Undesignated contracts may include contracts not designated as a hedge, contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting, derivatives that do not or no longer qualify for the NPNS scope exception, and de-designated hedge contracts. Undesignated contracts also include contracts associated with operations that Duke Energy continues to wind down or has included as discontinued operations. As these undesignated contracts expire as late as 2021, Duke Energy has entered into economic hedges that leave it minimally exposed to changes in prices over the duration of these contracts.

Duke Energy Carolinas uses derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from electricity generation. As of December 31, 2011 Duke Energy Carolinas does not have any undesignated commodity contracts.

Duke Energy Ohio uses derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from providing electricity generation and capacity to large energy customers, energy aggregators, retail customers and other wholesale companies. Undesignated contracts at December 31, 2011 are primarily associated with forward sales and purchases of power, coal and emission allowances, for the Commercial Power segment.

Duke Energy Indiana uses derivative contracts as economic hedges to manage the market risk exposures that arise from electric generation. Undesignated contracts at December 31, 2011 are primarily associated with forward purchases and sales of power, forward purchases of natural gas and financial transmission rights.

Interest Rate Risk

The Duke Energy Registrants are exposed to risk resulting from changes in interest rates as a result of their issuance or anticipated issuance of variable and fixed-rate debt and commercial paper. Interest rate exposure is managed by limiting variable-rate exposures to a percentage of total debt and by monitoring the effects of market changes in interest rates. To manage risk associated with changes in interest rates, the Duke Energy Registrants may enter into financial contracts; primarily interest rate swaps and U.S. Treasury lock agreements. Additionally, in anticipation of certain fixed-rate debt issuances, a series of forward starting interest rate swaps may be executed to lock in components of the market interest rates at the time and terminated prior to or upon the issuance of the corresponding debt. When these transactions occur within a business that meets the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment, these contracts may be treated as undesignated and any pre-tax gain or loss recognized from inception to termination of the hedges would be recorded as a regulatory liability or asset and amortized as a component of interest expense over the life of the debt. Alternatively, these derivatives may be designated as hedges whereby, any pre-tax gain or loss recognized from inception to termination of the hedges would be recorded in AOCI and amortized as a component of interest expense over the life of the debt.

 

The following table shows the notional amounts for derivatives related to interest rate risk at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

Notional Amounts of Derivative Instruments Related to Interest Rate Risk

 

     Duke Energy      Duke Energy
Carolinas
     Duke Energy
Ohio
     Duke Energy
Indiana
 
     (in millions)  

Cash Flow Hedges(a)

   $ 841       $ —         $ —         $ —     

Undesignated Contracts

     247         —           27         200   

Fair Value Hedges

     275         25         250         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Notional Amount at December 31, 2011

   $ 1,363       $ 25       $ 277       $ 200   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Duke Energy      Duke Energy
Carolinas
     Duke Energy Ohio  
     (in millions)  

Cash Flow Hedges(a)

   $ 492       $ —         $ —     

Undesignated Contracts

     561         500         27   

Fair Value Hedges

     275         25         250   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Notional Amount at December 31, 2010

   $ 1,328       $ 525       $ 277   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(a) Includes amounts related to non-recourse variable rate long-term debt of VIEs of $466 million at December 31, 2011 and $492 million at December 31, 2010.

Volumes

The following tables show information relating to the volume of Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio's commodity derivative activity outstanding as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Amounts disclosed represent the notional volumes of commodities contracts accounted for at fair value. For option contracts, notional amounts include only the delta-equivalent volumes which represent the notional volumes times the probability of exercising the option based on current price volatility. Volumes associated with contracts qualifying for the NPNS exception have been excluded from the table below. Amounts disclosed represent the absolute value of notional amounts. Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio have netted contractual amounts where offsetting purchase and sale contracts exist with identical delivery locations and times of delivery. Where all commodity positions are perfectly offset, no quantities are shown below. For additional information on notional dollar amounts of debt subject to derivative contracts accounted for at fair value, see "Interest Rate Risk" section above.

Underlying Notional Amounts for Derivative Instruments Accounted for At Fair Value

 

Duke Energy    December 31,
2011
     December 31,
2010
 

Electricity-energy (Gigawatt-hours)

     14,118         8,200   

Electricity-capacity (Gigawatt-months)

     —           58   

Emission allowances: SO2 (thousands of tons)

     —           8   

Emission allowances: NOX (thousands of tons)

     9         —     

Natural gas (millions of decatherms)

     40         37   

 

Duke Energy Ohio    December 31,
2011
     December 31,
2010
 

Electricity-energy (Gigawatt-hours)(a)

     14,655         13,183   

Electricity-capacity (Gigawatt-months)

     —           60   

Emission allowances: NOX (thousands of tons)

     9        —     

Natural gas (millions of decatherms)

     2         —     

 

(a) Amounts include intercompany positions that eliminate at the consolidated Duke Energy level.

 

The following table shows fair value amounts of derivative contracts as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the line item(s) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in which such amounts are included. The fair values of derivative contracts are presented on a gross basis, even when the derivative instruments are subject to master netting arrangements where Duke Energy nets the fair value of derivative contracts subject to master netting arrangements with the same counterparty on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash collateral payables and receivables associated with the derivative contracts have not been netted against the fair value amounts.

Location and Fair Value Amounts of Derivatives Reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets

Balance Sheet Location

 

Duke Energy    December 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
     Asset      Liability      Asset      Liability  
     (in millions)  

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Interest rate contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

     4         —           5         —     

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     2         —           16         —     

Current Liabilities: Other

     —           11         —           13   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     —           76        —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 6       $ 87       $ 21       $ 13   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Commodity contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

   $ 81       $ 31       $ 108       $ 54   

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     35         17         55         4   

Current Liabilities: Other

     136         168         75         118   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     25         93         3         72   

Interest rate contracts

           

Investments and Other Assets: Other(a)

     —           —           60         —     

Current Liabilities: Other

     —           2         —           2   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other(b)

     —           75         —           5   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 277       $ 386       $ 301       $ 255   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives

   $ 283       $ 473       $ 322       $ 268   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(a) Balance relates to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Carolinas which receive regulatory accounting treatment.
(b) As of December 31, 2011, includes $67 million related to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Indiana which receive regulatory accounting treatment.

 

Duke Energy Ohio    December 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
     Asset      Liability      Asset      Liability  
     (in millions)  

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Interest rate contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

     3         —           4         —     

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     2         —           2         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 5       $ —         $ 6       $ —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

           

Commodity contracts

           

Current Assets: Other

   $ 79       $ 39       $ 106       $ 57   

Investments and Other Assets: Other

     29         18         6         2   

Current Liabilities: Other

     136         146         75         98   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     22         33         3         7   

Interest rate contracts

           

Current Liabilities: Other

     —           1         —           1   

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: Other

     —           8         —           4   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

   $ 266       $ 245       $ 190       $ 169   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives

   $ 271       $ 245       $ 196       $ 169   

 

The following table shows the amount of the gains and losses recognized on derivative instruments qualifying and designated as cash flow hedges by type of derivative contract during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the Consolidated Statements of Operations line items in which such gains and losses are included.

Cash Flow Hedges—Location and Amount of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in Comprehensive Income

 

$0,000 $0,000
Duke Energy    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  
     (in millions)  

Amount of Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recorded in AOCI

    

Interest rate contracts

     (88     2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recorded in AOCI

   $ (88   $ 2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Location of Pre-tax Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

    

Commodity contracts

    

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

     —          2   

Interest rate contracts

    

Interest expense

     (5     (5
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax Losses Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

   $ (5   $ (3
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

$0,000 $0,000
Duke Energy Ohio    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011      2010  
     (in millions)  

Location of Pre-tax Gains Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

     

Commodity contracts

     

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

   $ —         $ 2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax Gains Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings

   $ —         $ 2   

There was no hedge ineffectiveness during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and no gains or losses have been excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness during the same periods for all Duke Energy Registrants.

Duke Energy. At December 31, 2011, $115 million of pre-tax deferred net losses on derivative instruments related to interest rate cash flow hedges remains in AOCI and a $10 million pre-tax gain is expected to be recognized in earnings during the next 12 months as the hedged transactions occur.

Duke Energy Ohio. At December 31, 2011, there were no deferred gains or losses on derivative instruments related to commodity cash flow hedges remaining in AOCI.

The following table shows the amount of the pre-tax gains and losses recognized on undesignated hedges by type of derivative instrument during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the line item(s) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in which such gains and losses are included or deferred on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as regulatory assets or liabilities.

 

Undesignated Hedges—Location and Amount of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in

Income or as Regulatory Assets or Liabilities

 

Duke Energy    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  
     (in millions)  

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in Earnings

    

Commodity contracts

    

Revenue, regulated electric

   $ —        $ 1   

Revenue, non-regulated electric, natural gas and other

     (59     (38

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

     (1     9   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax Losses Recognized in Earnings

   $ (60   $ (28
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized as Regulatory Assets or Liabilities

    

Commodity contracts

    

Regulatory Asset

   $ (1   $ 5   

Regulatory Liability

     17        14   

Interest rate contracts

    

Regulatory Asset(a)

     (165     (1

Regulatory Liability(b)

     (60     60   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recognized as Regulatory Assets or Liabilities

   $ (209   $ 78   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(a) Includes losses related to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Carolinas and Duke Energy Indiana of $94 million and $67 million, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2011.
(b) Amounts relate to interest rate swaps at Duke Energy Carolinas.

 

$(28) $(28)
Duke Energy Ohio    Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  
     (in millions)  

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized in Earnings

    

Commodity contracts

    

Revenue, non-regulated electric and other

     (26     (3

Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power-non-regulated

     (1     9   

Interest rate contracts

    

Interest expense

     (1     (1
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recognized in Earnings(a)

   $ (28   $ 5   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Location of Pre-Tax Gains and (Losses) Recognized as Regulatory Assets

    

 

$(28) $(28)
     2011     2010  

Commodity contracts

    

Regulatory Asset

   $ 1      $ 5   

Interest rate contracts

    

Regulatory Asset

     (4     (1
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Pre-tax (Losses) Gains Recognized as Regulatory Assets

   $ (3   $ 4   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(a) Amounts include intercompany positions that eliminate at the consolidated Duke Energy level.

Credit Risk

The Duke Energy Registrants' principal customers for its electric and gas businesses are commodity clearinghouses, regional transmission organizations, residential, commercial and industrial end-users, marketers, local distribution companies, municipalities, electric cooperatives and utilities located throughout the U.S. and Latin America. The Duke Energy Registrants have concentrations of receivables from natural gas and electric utilities and their affiliates, as well as municipalities, electric cooperatives, residential, commercial and industrial customers and marketers throughout these regions. These concentrations of customers may affect the Duke Energy Registrants' overall credit risk in that risk factors can negatively impact the credit quality of the entire sector. Where exposed to credit risk, the Duke Energy Registrants analyze their counterparties' financial condition prior to entering into an agreement, establish credit limits and monitor the appropriateness of those limits on an ongoing basis.

The Duke Energy Registrants' industry has historically operated under negotiated credit lines for physical delivery contracts. The Duke Energy Registrants frequently use master collateral agreements to mitigate certain credit exposures, primarily related to hedging the risks inherent in its generation portfolio. The collateral agreements provide for a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit to the exposed party for exposure in excess of an established threshold. The threshold amount represents an unsecured credit limit, determined in accordance with the corporate credit policy. Collateral agreements also provide that the inability to post collateral is sufficient cause to terminate contracts and liquidate all positions.

The Duke Energy Registrants also obtain cash, letters of credit or surety bonds from customers to provide credit support outside of collateral agreements, where appropriate, based on its financial analysis of the customer and the regulatory or contractual terms and conditions applicable to each transaction.

For regulated customers, commission rules restrict the ability to requires collateral and minimize exposure through the disconnection of service.

Certain of Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio's derivative contracts contain contingent credit features, such as material adverse change clauses or payment acceleration clauses that could result in immediate payments, the posting of letters of credit or the termination of the derivative contract before maturity if specific events occur, such as a downgrade of Duke Energy or Duke Energy Ohio's credit rating below investment grade.

The following table shows information with respect to derivative contracts that are in a net liability position and contain objective credit-risk related payment provisions. The amounts disclosed in the table below represents the aggregate fair value amounts of such derivative instruments at the end of the reporting period, the aggregate fair value of assets that are already posted as collateral under such derivative instruments at the end of the reporting period, and the aggregate fair value of additional assets that would be required to be transferred in the event that credit-risk-related contingent features were triggered at December 31, 2011.

Information Regarding Derivative Instruments that Contain Credit-risk Related Contingent Features

 

Duke Energy   December 31,
2011
    December 31,
2010
 
    (in millions)  

Aggregate Fair Value Amounts of Derivative Instruments in a Net Liability Position

  $ 96      $ 148   

Collateral Already Posted

  $ 36      $ 2   

Additional Cash Collateral or Letters of Credit in the Event Credit-risk-related Contingent Features were Triggered at the End of the Reporting Period

  $ 5      $ 14   

 

Duke Energy Ohio   December 31,
2011
    December 31,
2010
 
    (in millions)  

Aggregate Fair Value Amounts of Derivative Instruments in a Net Liability Position

  $ 94      $ 147   

Collateral Already Posted

  $ 35      $ 2   

Additional Cash Collateral or Letters of Credit in the Event Credit-risk-related Contingent Features were Triggered at the End of the Reporting Period

  $ 5      $ 14   

Netting of Cash Collateral and Derivative Assets and Liabilities Under Master Netting Arrangements. In accordance with applicable accounting rules, Duke Energy and Duke Energy Ohio have elected to offset fair value amounts (or amounts that approximate fair value) recognized on their Consolidated Balance Sheets related to cash collateral amounts receivable or payable against fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting agreement. The amounts disclosed in the table below represent the receivables related to the right to reclaim cash collateral and payables related to the obligation to return cash collateral under master netting arrangements as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. See Note 15 for additional information on fair value disclosures related to derivatives.

Information Regarding Cash Collateral under Master Netting Arrangements

 

    December 31, 2011     December 31, 2010  
    (in millions)     (in millions)  
Duke Energy   Receivables     Payables     Receivables     Payables  

Amounts offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

  $ 10        —        $ 2        —     

Amounts not offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets(a)

    30        —         2        3   
     December 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
     (in millions)      (in millions)  
Duke Energy Ohio    Receivables      Payables      Receivables      Payables  

Amounts offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

   $ 9         —         $ 2         —     

Amounts not offset against net derivative positions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (a)

     28      $ —           —           3   

 

(a) Amounts primarily represent margin deposits related to futures contracts.