REVENUE

6 Months Ended

Apr. 28, 2024

REVENUE [Abstract]

REVENUE

NOTE 8 - REVENUE

We recognize revenue when, or as, control of a good or service transfers to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring those goods or services. We account for an arrangement as a revenue contract when each party has approved and is committed to perform under the contract, the rights of the contracting parties regarding the goods or services to be transferred and the payment terms are identifiable, the arrangement has commercial substance, and collection of consideration is probable. Substantially all of our revenue comes from the sales of photomasks. We typically contract with our customers to sell sets of photomasks, which are comprised of multiple layers, the predominance of which we invoice as they ship to customers. As the photomasks are manufactured to customer specifications, they have no alternative use to us and, as our contracts generally provide us with the right to payment for work completed to date, we recognize revenue as we perform, or “over time”, on most of our contracts. We measure our performance to date using an input method, which is based on our estimated costs to complete the various manufacturing phases of a photomask. At the end of a reporting period, there are a number of uncompleted revenue contracts on which we have performed; for any such contracts under which we are entitled to be compensated for our costs incurred plus a reasonable profit, we recognize revenue and a corresponding contract asset for such performance. We account for shipping and handling activities that we perform after a customer obtains control of a good as being activities to fulfill our promise to transfer the good to the customer, rather than as promised services, or performance obligations, under the contract. We report our revenue net of any sales or similar taxes we collect on behalf of government entities.

As stated above, photomasks are manufactured to customer specifications in accordance with their proprietary designs; thus, they are individually unique. Due to their uniqueness and other factors, their transaction prices are individually established through negotiations with customers; consequently, our photomasks do not have standard or “list” prices. The transaction prices of the vast majority of our revenue contracts include only fixed amounts of consideration. In certain instances, such as when we offer a customer an early payment discount, an estimate of variable consideration would be included in the transaction price, but only to the extent that a significant reversal of revenue would not occur when the uncertainty related to the variability was resolved.

Contract Assets, Contract Liabilities, and Accounts Receivable

We recognize a contract asset when our performance under a contract precedes our receipt of consideration from a customer, or before payment is due, and our receipt of consideration is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. Contract assets reflect our transfer of control of photomasks that are in process or completed but not yet shipped to customers. A receivable is recognized when we have an unconditional right to payment for our performance, which generally occurs when we ship the photomasks. Our contract assets primarily consist of a significant amount of our in-process production orders and fully manufactured photomasks which have not yet shipped, for which we have an enforceable right to collect consideration (including a reasonable profit) in the event the in-process orders are cancelled by customers. On an individual contract basis, we net contract assets with contract liabilities (deferred revenue) for financial reporting purposes. We did not identify impairment indicators for any outstanding contract assets during the three or six-month periods ended April 28, 2024 or April 30, 2023.

The following table provides information about our contract balances at the balance sheet dates.

Classification	April 28, 2024		October 31, 2023
Contract Assets
Other current assets	$	12,292	$	10,984
Contract Liabilities
Accrued liabilities	$	14,558	$	9,965
Other liabilities		8,224		12,454
	$	22,782	$	22,419

The Company did not recognize any revenue from performance obligations satisfied in the previous periods. The following table presents revenue recognized from contract liabilities that existed at the beginning of the reporting periods.

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	April 28, 2024		April 30, 2023		April 28, 2024		April 30, 2023
Revenue recognized from beginning liability	$	6,495	$	11,228	$	7,746	$	7,875

We generally record our accounts receivable at their billed amounts. All outstanding past due customer invoices are reviewed for collectability during, and at the end of, every reporting period. To the extent we believe a loss on the collection of a customer invoice is probable, we record the loss and credit an allowance for credit losses. In the event that an amount is determined to be uncollectible, we charge the allowance for credit losses and derecognize the related receivable. We did not incur any credit losses on our accounts receivable during the three or six-month periods ended April 28, 2024 or April 30, 2023.

Our invoice terms generally range from net-thirty to ninety days, depending on both the geographic market in which the transaction occurs and our payment agreements with specific customers. In the event that our evaluation of a customer’s business prospects, and financial condition indicate that the customer presents a collectability risk, we modify terms of sale, which may require payment in advance of performance. At the time of adoption, we elected the practical expedient allowed under ASC Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”) that permits us not to adjust a contract’s promised amount of consideration to reflect a financing component when the period between when we transfer control of goods or services to customers and when we are paid is one year or less.

In instances when we are paid in advance of our performance, we record a contract liability and, as allowed under the practical expedient in Topic 606, recognize interest expense only if the period between when we receive payment from the customer and the date when we expect to be entitled to the payment is greater than one year. Historically, advance payments we have received from customers have generally not preceded the completion of our performance obligations by more than one year.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables present our revenue for the three and six-month periods ended April 28, 2024, and April 30, 2023, disaggregated by product type, geographic origin, and timing of recognition.

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
Revenue by Product Type	April 28, 2024		April 30, 2023		April 28, 2024		April 30, 2023
IC
High-end	$	58,042	$	43,920	$	118,918	$	91,923
Mainstream		102,886		123,134		199,599		231,720
Total IC	$	160,928	$	167,054	$	318,517	$	323,643
FPD
High-end	$	47,977	$	51,888	$	98,593	$	97,579
Mainstream		8,095		10,364		16,224		19,175
Total FPD	$	56,072	$	62,252	$	114,817	$	116,754
	$	217,000	$	229,306	$	433,334	$	440,397

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
Revenue by Geographic Origin*	April 28, 2024		April 30, 2023		April 28, 2024		April 30, 2023
Taiwan	$	75,410	$	80,448	$	150,376	$	156,017
China		58,693		65,215		116,829		124,148
Korea		39,286		41,372		79,621		79,204
United States		33,314		32,495		66,047		62,377
Europe		9,926		9,276		19,631		17,722
Other		371		500		830		929
	$	217,000	$	229,306	$	433,334	$	440,397

* This table disaggregates revenue by the location in which it was earned.

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
Revenue by Timing of Recognition	April 28, 2024		April 30, 2023		April 28, 2024		April 30, 2023
Over time	$	211,189	$	215,376	$	414,716	$	412,541
At a point in time		5,811		13,930		18,618		27,856
		217,000		229,306		433,334		440,397

Contract Costs

We pay commissions to third-party sales agents for certain sales they procure on our behalf. However, the bases of the commissions are the transaction prices of the sales, which are completed in less than one year; thus, no relationship is established with a customer that will result in future business. Therefore, we do not recognize any portion of these sales commissions as costs of obtaining a contract, nor do we currently foresee other circumstances under which we would recognize contract obtainment costs as assets.

Remaining Performance Obligations

As we are typically required to fulfill customer orders within a short period of time, our backlog of orders has historically been two to three weeks for FPD photomasks and one to two weeks for IC photomasks. However, the demand for some IC photomasks has expanded beyond the industry’s capacity to supply them within the traditional time period; thus, the backlog, in some cases, can expand to as long as two to three months. As allowed under Topic 606, we have elected not to disclose our remaining performance obligations, which represent the costs associated with the completion of the manufacturing process of in-process photomasks related to contracts that have an original duration of one year or less.

Product Warranties

Our photomasks are sold under warranties that generally range from one to twenty-four months. We warrant that our photomasks conform to customer specifications and will typically repair, replace, or issue a refund for any photomasks that fail to do so. The warranties do not represent separate performance obligations in our revenue contracts. Historically, customer claims under warranties have been immaterial.