10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. ­20549

FORM 10-Q

T Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended November 1, 2014

☐ Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number 1-9065

ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York	16-0971022
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification Number)
368 Pleasant View Drive
Lancaster, New York	14086
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip code)

(716) 684-8060

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes T No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☐ No T

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). (Check one):

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	☐	Smaller reporting company	T

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No T

At November 30, 2014, 2,659,174 shares of Registrant's Class A Common Stock (par value $.01) and 1,629,197 shares of Class B Common Stock (par value $.01) were outstanding.

Page 1 of 25

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

Unaudited

	(Unaudited)			(Audited)
Assets	November 1, 2014			July 31, 2014
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	6,338,852		$	6,889,243
Investment securities available for sale		1,424,834			1,407,277
Contract receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments of $6,395,057 and $6,126,854, respectively		46,857,077			44,431,305
Deferred income taxes		4,441,042			4,534,437
Income tax receivable		437,962			1,107,983
Other current assets		2,346,008			1,589,646
Total current assets		61,845,775			59,959,891
Property, building and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $24,488,978 and $28,615,915, respectively		7,761,571			7,941,455
Deferred income taxes		1,866,323			1,865,798
Other assets		2,104,246			1,941,178
Total assets	$	73,577,915		$	71,708,322
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	8,808,731		$	9,874,649
Lines of credit		3,103,035			1,572,466
Accrued payroll costs		8,474,470			7,650,077
Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations		432,514			420,737
Billings in excess of revenue		5,347,912			5,003,413
Other accrued liabilities		4,167,605			4,235,262
Total current liabilities		30,334,267			28,756,604
Income taxes payable		107,035			107,035
Deferred income taxes		631,083			631,083
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations		202,167			421,769
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)		-			-
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share (2,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued)		-			-
Class A common stock, par value $.01 per share (6,000,000 shares authorized; 2,699,727 shares issued)		26,997			26,851
Class B common stock, par value $.01 per share; (10,000,000 shares authorized; 1,693,998 shares issued)		16,941			17,087
Capital in excess of par value		17,047,578			17,124,339
Retained earnings		22,763,735			21,916,575
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(728,882	)		(182,735	)
Treasury stock, at cost (Class A common: 40,553 shares; Class B common: 64,801 shares)		(1,223,899	)		(1,223,899	)
Total Ecology and Environment, Inc. shareholders' equity		37,902,470			37,678,218
Noncontrolling interests		4,400,893			4,113,613
Total shareholders' equity		42,303,363			41,791,831
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	73,577,915		$	71,708,322

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Page 2 of 25

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

Unaudited

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014			October 31, 2013
Revenue, net	$	33,190,651		$	34,749,291
Cost of professional services and other direct operating expenses		13,226,677			13,548,050
Subcontract costs		5,066,091			4,866,943
Administrative and indirect operating expenses		9,392,996			10,869,243
Marketing and related costs		3,388,640			3,458,615
Depreciation and amortization		362,729			1,053,954
Income from operations		1,753,518			952,486
Interest income		23,039			43,475
Interest expense		(18,241	)		(49,774	)
Other (expense) income		(2,535	)		120,031
Gain on sale of assets and investment securities		140,385			-
Net foreign exchange gains (losses)		65,498			(10,426	)
Income before income tax provision		1,961,664			1,055,792
Income tax provision		825,543			540,678
Net income	$	1,136,121		$	515,114
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(288,961	)		(134,723	)
Net income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.	$	847,160		$	380,391
Net income per common share: basic and diluted	$	0.20		$	0.09
Weighted average common shares outstanding: basic and diluted		4,288,371			4,261,674

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Page 3 of 25

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Unaudited

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014			October 31, 2013
Net income including noncontrolling interests	$	1,136,121		$	515,114
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(553,428	)		235,914
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net		5,600			(234	)
Comprehensive income		588,293			750,794
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(287,280	)		(119,193	)
Comprehensive income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.	$	301,013		$	631,601

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Page 4 of 25

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Unaudited

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014			October 31, 2013
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	1,136,121		$	515,114
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		362,729			1,053,954
(Provision) benefit for deferred income taxes		(12,055	)		110,585
Share based compensation expense		15,088			89,049
Tax impact of share-based compensation		(91,849	)		(31,695	)
Gain on sale of assets and investment securities		(140,385	)		-
Provision for contract adjustments and doubtful accounts		300,016			29,728
Bad debt expense		(31,813	)		24,263
Decrease (increase) in:
- contract receivables		(3,445,154	)		658,931
- other current assets		(803,556	)		(675,225	)
- income tax receivable		670,021			164,580
- other non-current assets		(167,146	)		7,988
(Decrease) increase in:
- accounts payable		94,305			(926,165	)
- accrued payroll costs		1,005,508			597,287
- income taxes payable		47,232			(4,723	)
- billings in excess of revenue		469,175			(190,544	)
- other accrued liabilities		37,553			83,649
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(554,210	)		1,506,776
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquistion of noncontrolling interest of subsidiaries		-			(553,457	)
Purchase of property, building and equipment		(233,661	)		(260,770	)
Proceeds from sale of property, building and equipment		203,327			-
Sale (purchase) of investment securities		(8,223	)		(124,415	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(38,557	)		(938,642	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Dividends paid		(1,033,071	)		(1,019,955	)
Proceeds from debt		-			545,877
Repayment of debt and capital lease obligations		(297,319	)		(38,422	)
Net (repayments of) borrowings under of lines of credit		1,530,569			(28,691	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		-			(141,012	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		200,179			(682,203	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(157,803	)		34,078
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(550,391	)		(79,991	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		6,889,243			9,444,660
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	6,338,852		$	9,364,669
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	16,698		$	48,308
Income taxes		324,003			(23,733	)
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash items:
Acquistion of noncontrolling interest of subsidiaries (loans and stock)		-			1,039,574

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Page 5 of 25

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

Unaudited

	Class A Common Stock Shares		Class A Common Stock Amount		Class B Common Stock Shares			Class B Common Stock Amount			Capital in Excess of Par Value			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Treasury Stock Shares			Treasury Stock Amount			Noncontrolling Interest
Balance at July 31, 2013 (Audited)		2,685,151	$	26,851		1,708,574		$	17,087		$	20,016,873		$	25,365,853		$	(84,527	)		143,911		$	(1,798,233	)	$	3,095,386
Net (loss) income		-		-		-			-			-			(1,382,656	)		-			-			-			592,203
Foreign currency translation adjustment		-		-		-			-			-			-			(163,913	)		-			-			(134,287	)
Cash dividends declared ($0.48 per share)		-		-		-			-			-			(2,066,622	)		-			-			-			-
Unrealized investment gain, net		-		-		-			-			-			-			1,412			-			-			-
Repurchase of Class A common stock		-		-		-			-			-			-			-			16,091			(173,278	)		-
Issuance of stock under stock award plan		-		-		-			-			(194,454	)		-			-			(16,387	)		194,454			-
Share-based compensation expense		-		-		-			-			353,295			-			-			-			-			-
Tax impact of share based compensation		-		-		-			-			(31,695	)		-			-			-			-			-
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		-		-		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			(664,703	)
Reclassification adjustment for prior period acquisitions of noncontrolling interests		-		-		-			-			(2,414,027	)		-			-			-			-			2,381,666
Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests		-		-		-			-			(605,653	)		-			64,293			(44,260	)		553,158			(1,156,652	)
Stock award plan forfeitures		-		-		-			-			-			-			-			5,999			-			-
Balance at July 31, 2014 (Audited)		2,685,151	$	26,851		1,708,574		$	17,087		$	17,124,339		$	21,916,575		$	(182,735	)		105,354		$	(1,223,899	)	$	4,113,613
Net income		-		-		-			-			-			847,160			-			-			-			288,961
Foreign currency translation adjustment		-		-		-			-			-			-			(551,747	)		-			-			(1,681	)
Unrealized investment gain, net		-		-		-			-			-			-			5,600			-			-			-
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock		14,576		146		(14,576	)		(146	)		-			-			-			-			-			-
Share-based compensation expense		-		-		-			-			15,088			-			-			-			-			-
Tax impact of share based compensation		-		-		-			-			(91,849	)		-			-			-			-			-
Balance at November 1, 2014 (Unaudited)		2,699,727	$	26,997		1,693,998		$	16,941		$	17,047,578		$	22,763,735		$	(728,882	)		105,354		$	(1,223,899	)	$	4,400,893

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Page 6 of 25

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Ecology and Environment, Inc., (“EEI” or the “Parent Company”) was incorporated in 1970 as a global broad-based environmental consulting firm whose underlying philosophy is to provide professional services worldwide so that sustainable economic and human development may proceed with acceptable impact on the environment. Together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”), EEI has direct and indirect ownership in 19 wholly owned and majority owned operating subsidiaries in 12 countries. The Company’s staff is comprised of individuals representing more than 80 scientific, engineering, health, and social disciplines working together in multidisciplinary teams to provide innovative environmental solutions. The Company has completed more than 50,000 projects for a wide variety of clients in more than 120 countries, providing environmental solutions in nearly every ecosystem on the planet.

The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by the Company, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of such information. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The Company follows the same accounting policies in preparation of interim reports. Although the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, including a description of significant accounting policies, have been condensed or omitted pursuant to SEC rules and regulations. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The condensed consolidated results of operations for the three months ended November 1, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results for any subsequent period or the entire fiscal year ending July 31, 2015.

Certain prior year amounts were reclassified to conform to the condensed consolidated financial statement presentation for the three months ended November 1, 2014.

2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted During the Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2015

In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2013-11 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists (“ASU 2013-11”). ASU 2013-11 requires that an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, should be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward, except as follows. To the extent a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position or the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a liability and should not be combined with deferred tax assets. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2013-11 effective August 1, 2014 and applied its provisions retrospectively. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted as of November 1, 2014

In May 2014, FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 is the result of a joint project of FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and to develop a common revenue standard for use in the U.S and internationally. ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605 of FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification”) and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification. ASU 2014-09 enhances comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities, industries, jurisdictions and capital markets, reduces the number of requirements an entity must consider for recognizing revenue, and requires improved disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue that is recognized. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within the annual reporting period. The Company intends to adopt the provisions of ASU 2014-09 effective August 1, 2017. ASU 2014-09 requires either retrospective application by restating each prior period presented in the financial statements, or retrospective application by recording the cumulative effect on prior reporting periods to beginning retained earnings in the year that the standard becomes effective. Management is currently assessing the provisions of ASU 2014-09 and has not yet estimated its impact.

Page 7 of 25

3. Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company invests cash in excess of operating requirements in income-producing short-term investments. Money market funds of less than $0.1 million and $0.3 million were included in cash and cash equivalents in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets at November 1, 2014 and July 31, 2014, respectively.

4. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial assets or liabilities are measured using inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy. The asset’s or liability’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company has not elected a fair value option on any assets or liabilities. The three levels of the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. Generally this includes debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded on an active exchange market (e.g., New York Stock Exchange) as well as certain U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government and agency mortgage-backed securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-counter markets.

Level 2 Inputs – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets; or valuations based on models where the significant inputs are observable (e.g., interest rates, yield curves, credit risks, etc.) or can be corroborated by observable market data. The Company’s investment securities classified as Level 2 are comprised of international and domestic corporate and municipal bonds.

Level 3 Inputs – Valuations based on models where significant inputs are not observable. The unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use.

The availability of observable market data is monitored to assess the appropriate classification of financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy. Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. In such instances, the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period. The Company evaluated the significance of transfers between levels based upon the nature of the financial instrument. There were no transfers in or out of levels 1, 2 or 3, respectively during the three months ended November 1, 2014 or the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014.

The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis is summarized by level within the fair value hierarchy in the following table.

	Balance at November 1, 2014
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investment securities available for sale	$	1,424,834	$	---	$	---	$	1,424,834

	Balance at July 31, 2014
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investment securities available for sale	$	1,407,277	$	---	$	---	$	1,407,277

Investment securities available for sale include mutual funds that are valued at the net asset value (“NAV”) of shares held by the Company at period end. Mutual funds held by the Company are open-end mutual funds that are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These funds are required to publish their daily NAV and to transact at that price. The mutual funds held by the Company are deemed to be actively traded.

Reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income resulting from realized gains or losses from the sale of investment securities available for sale are included in gain on sale of assets and investment securities on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company did not record any sales of investment securities during the three months ended November 1, 2014 or the three months ended October 31, 2013.

Page 8 of 25

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximated fair value at November 1, 2014 and July 31, 2014. These assets were classified as level 1 instruments at both dates. Long-term debt consists of bank loans and capitalized equipment leases. Lines of credit consist of borrowings for working capital requirements. Based on the Company's assessment of the current financial market and corresponding risks associated with the debt and line of credit borrowings, management believes that the carrying amount of these liabilities approximated fair value at November 1, 2014 and July 31, 2014. These liabilities were classified as level 2 instruments at both dates. There were no financial instruments classified as level 3 at November 1, 2014 or July 31, 2014.

Investment securities available for sale are stated at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses related to investment securities available for sale are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable income taxes in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and condensed consolidated statements of changes in shareholders' equity. The cost basis of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. The Company had gross unrealized losses of less than $0.1 million recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income for the periods ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013.

5. Revenue and Contract Receivables, net

Revenue Recognition

Substantially all of the Company's revenue is derived from environmental consulting work. The consulting revenue is principally derived from the sale of labor hours. The consulting work is performed under a mix of fixed price, cost-type, and time and material contracts. Contracts are required from all customers. Revenue is recognized as follows:

Contract Type	Work Type	Revenue Recognition Policy
Time and materials	Consulting	As incurred at contract rates.
Fixed price	Consulting	Percentage of completion, approximating the ratio of either total costs or Level of Effort (“LOE”) hours incurred to date to total estimated costs or LOE hours.
Cost-plus	Consulting	Costs as incurred plus fees. Fees are recognized as revenue using percentage of completion determined by the percentage of LOE hours incurred to total LOE hours in the respective contracts.

Revenues reflected in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations represent services rendered for which the Company maintains a primary contractual relationship with its customers. Included in revenues are certain services outside the Company's normal operations which the Company has elected to subcontract to other contractors.

Time and material contracts are accounted for over the period of performance, in proportion to the costs of performance, predominately based on labor hours incurred. Revenue earned from fixed price and cost-plus contracts is recognized using the “percentage-of-completion” method, wherein revenue is recognized as project progress occurs. If an estimate of costs at completion on any contract indicates that a loss will be incurred, the entire estimated loss is charged to operations in the period the loss becomes evident.

Substantially all of the Company's cost-type work is with federal governmental agencies and, as such, is subject to audits after contract completion. Under these cost-type contracts, provisions for adjustments to accrued revenue are recognized on a quarterly basis and based on past audit settlement history. Government audits have been completed and final rates have been negotiated through fiscal year 2007. The Company records an allowance for project disallowances in other accrued liabilities for potential disallowances resulting from government audits (refer to Note 10 of these condensed consolidated financial statements).

Change orders can occur when changes in scope are made after project work has begun, and can be initiated by either the Company or its clients. Claims are amounts in excess of the agreed contract price which the Company seeks to recover from a client for customer delays and /or errors or unapproved change orders that are in dispute. Costs related to change orders and claims are recognized as incurred. Revenues and profit are recognized on change orders when it is probable that the change order will be approved and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Revenues are recognized only up to the amount of costs incurred on contract claims when realization is probable, estimable and reasonable support from the customer exists.

All bid and proposal and other pre-contract costs are expensed as incurred. Out of pocket expenses such as travel, meals, field supplies, and other costs billed direct to contracts are included in both revenues and cost of professional services. Sales and cost of sales at the Company’s South American subsidiaries exclude tax assessments by governmental authorities, which are collected by the Company from its customers and then remitted to governmental authorities.

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Billed contract receivables represent amounts billed to clients in accordance with contracted terms, which have not been collected from clients as of the end of the reporting period. Billed contract receivables may include: (1) amounts billed for revenues from incurred costs and fees that have been earned in accordance with contractual terms; and (2) progress billings in accordance with contractual terms that include revenue not yet earned as of the end of the reporting period.

Unbilled contract receivables result from: (i) revenues from incurred costs and fees which have been earned, but are not billed as of period-end; and (ii) differences between year-to-date provisional billings and year-to-date actual contract costs incurred.

The Company reduces contract receivables by recording an allowance for doubtful accounts to account for the estimated impact of collection issues resulting from a client’s inability or unwillingness to pay valid obligations to the Company. The resulting provision for bad debts is recorded within administrative and indirect operating expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company also reduces contract receivables by establishing an allowance for contract adjustments related to revenues that are deemed to be unrealizable, or that may become unrealizable in the future. Management reviews contract receivables and determines allowance amounts based on the adequacy of the Company’s performance under the contract, the status of change orders and claims, historical experience with the client for settling change orders and claims, and economic, geopolitical and cultural considerations for the home country of the client. Such contract adjustments are recorded as direct adjustments to revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Contract Receivables, Net

Contract receivables, net are summarized in the following table.

	Balance at
	November 1, 2014			July 31, 2014
Contract Receivables:
Billed	$	26,033,212		$	26,863,708
Unbilled		27,218,922			23,694,451
		53,252,134			50,558,159
Allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments		(6,395,057	)		(6,126,854	)
Total contract receivables, net	$	46,857,077		$	44,431,305

Billed contract receivables did not include any contractual retainage balances at November 1, 2014 or July 31, 2014. Management anticipates that the unbilled receivables outstanding at November 1, 2014 will be substantially billed and collected within one year.

Contract Receivable Concentrations

Significant concentrations of contract receivables and the allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments are summarized in the following table.

	Balance at November 1, 2014				Balance at July 31, 2014
Region	Contract Receivables		Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Contract Adjustments		Contract Receivables		Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Contract Adjustments
United States, Canada and South America	$	46,164,762	$	1,585,604	$	43,394,442	$	1,611,068
Middle East and Africa		6,888,826		4,979,907		7,010,225		4,386,240
Asia		198,546		129,546		153,492		129,546
Totals	$	53,252,134	$	6,395,057	$	50,558,159	$	6,126,854

Page 10 of 25

Combined contract receivables related to projects in the Middle East, Africa and Asia represented 14% of total contract receivables at November 1, 2014 and July 31, 2014, while the combined allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments related to these projects represented 74% of the total allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments at those same period end dates. These allowance percentages highlight the Company’s experience of heightened operating risks (i.e., political, regulatory and cultural risks) within these foreign regions in comparison with similar risks in the United States, Canada and South America. These heightened operating risks have resulted in increased collection risks and the Company expending resources that it may not recover for several months, or at all.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Contract Adjustments

Activity within the allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments is summarized in the following table.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014			October 31, 2013
Balance at beginning of period	$	6,126,854		$	5,592,800
Net increase (decrease) due to adjustments in the allowance for:
Contract adjustments (1)		300,016			29,728
Doubtful accounts (2)		(31,813	)		24,263
Transfer of reserves to allowance for project disallowances (3)		---			(7,500	)
Balance at end of period	$	6,395,057		$	5,639,291

(1) Increases (decreases) to the allowance for contract adjustments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are also recorded as (decreases) increases to revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(2) Increases (decreases) to the allowance for doubtful accounts on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are also recorded as increases (decreases) to administrative and other indirect operating expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(3) The allowance for project disallowances is included in other accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 10 of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6. Property, Building and Equipment, net

In November 2013, management decided to abandon the Company’s existing operating and financial software system and migrate to new system software. The Company acquired and developed the new software during fiscal year 2014, and began utilizing the new software effective August 1, 2014 for its U.S. operations. Although the core software modules were operating effectively as of August 1, 2014, certain operational and reporting capabilities of the new system continued to be developed during the three months ended November 1, 2014. The process to evaluate, select and develop new operating and financial software systems for the Company’s significant foreign operations is expected to be completed in January 2015. The Company recorded software development costs of $0.1 million and $0 in property, plant and equipment during the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively.

The Company continued to utilize the previous software system through July 31, 2014, at which time the previous system was abandoned. As a result, amortization of software development costs capitalized for the previous system was accelerated so that the system was completely amortized by July 31, 2014. Total software amortization expense was less than $0.1 million and $0.7 million for the quarters ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively.

7. Lines of Credit

Unsecured lines of credit are summarized in the following table.

	Balance at
	November 1, 2014		July 31, 2014
Outstanding cash draws, recorded as lines of credit on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets	$	3,103,035	$	1,572,466
Outstanding letters of credit to support operations		1,885,739		1,944,994
Total amounts used under lines of credit		4,988,774		3,517,460
Remaining amounts available under lines of credit		29,380,226		30,851,540
Total approved unsecured lines of credit	$	34,369,000	$	34,369,000

Contractual interest rates ranged from 2.50% to 3.00% at November 1, 2014. The Company’s lenders have reaffirmed the lines of credit within the past twelve months.

Page 11 of 25

8. Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

Debt and capital lease obligations are summarized in the following table.

	Balance at
	November 1, 2014			July 31, 2014
Various bank loans and advances at interest rates ranging from 3.25% to 14%	$	412,488		$	676,874
Capital lease obligations at varying interest rates averaging 11%		222,193			165,632
		634,681			842,506
Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations		(432,514	)		(420,737	)
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations	$	202,167		$	421,769

The aggregate maturities of long-term debt and capital lease obligations as of November 1, 2014 are summarized in the following table.

November 2014 – October 2015	$	432,514
November 2015 – October 2016		142,584
November 2016 – October 2017		57,077
November 2017 – October 2018		2,506
Thereafter		---
Total	$	634,681

9. Income Taxes

The estimated effective tax rate was 42.1% and 51.2% for the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively. The decrease was mainly a result of a significant increase in forecasted income from foreign entities in countries with a lower effective tax rate than in the U.S., which was partially offset by a smaller increase in forecasted income from U.S. entities.

10. Other Accrued Liabilities

Other accrued liabilities are summarized in the following table.

	Balance at
	November 1, 2014		July 31, 2014
Allowance for project disallowances	$	2,393,351	$	2,393,351
Other		1,774,254		1,841,911
Total other accrued liabilities	$	4,167,605	$	4,235,262

The allowance for project disallowances represents potential disallowances of amounts billed and collected resulting from contract close-outs and government audits. Allowances for project disallowances are recorded when the amounts are estimable. Activity within the allowance for project disallowances is summarized in the following table.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014		October 31, 2013
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,393,351	$	2,663,351
Transfer of reserves from allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments		---		7,500
Balance at end of period	$	2,393,351	$	2,670,851

Page 12 of 25

11. Stock Award Plan

EEI adopted the 1998 Stock Award Plan effective March 16, 1998 (the “1998 Award Plan”). The following supplemental plans were adopted subsequent to adoption of the 1998 Award Plan:

· The 2003 Stock Award Plan (the “2003 Award Plan”), which was adopted by the Board of Directors in October 2004, approved by shareholders in January 2004, and terminated in October 2008;

· The 2007 Stock Award Plan (the “2007 Award Plan”), which was adopted by the Board of Directors in October 2007, approved by shareholders in January 2008, and terminated in October 2012; and

· The 2011 Stock Award Plan (the “2011 Award Plan”), which was adopted by the Board of Directors in October 2011, approved by shareholders in January 2012, and will terminate in October 2016.

The 1998 Award Plan and all supplemental plans are collectively referred to as the “Award Plan”. The Award Plan permits grants of the award for a period of five (5) years from the date of adoption by the Board of Directors. The Award Plan is not a qualified plan under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code.

The Company awarded 62,099 Class A shares valued at $0.9 million in October 2011 and 16,387 Class A shares valued at $0.2 million in July 2013 pursuant to the Award Plan. These awards have a three year vesting period. Total gross compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period. The Company recorded non-cash compensation expense of less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million during the quarters ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively, in connection with outstanding stock compensation awards. The Company expects to record less than $0.1 million of non-cash compensation expense during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2015. The "pool" of excess tax benefits accumulated in Capital in Excess of Par Value was $0.1 million and at November 1, 2014 and July 31, 2014.

12. Shareholders' Equity

Class A and Class B Common Stock

The relative rights, preferences and limitations of the Company's Class A and Class B common stock are summarized as follows: Holders of Class A shares are entitled to elect 25% of the Board of Directors so long as the number of outstanding Class A shares is at least 10% of the combined total number of outstanding Class A and Class B common shares. Holders of Class A common shares have one-tenth the voting power of Class B common shares with respect to most other matters.

In addition, Class A shares are eligible to receive dividends in excess of (and not less than) those paid to holders of Class B shares. Holders of Class B shares have the option to convert at any time, each share of Class B common stock into one share of Class A common stock. Upon sale or transfer, shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert into an equal number of shares of Class A common stock, except that sales or transfers of Class B common stock to an existing holder of Class B common stock or to an immediate family member will not cause such shares to automatically convert into Class A common stock.

Restrictive Shareholder Agreement

Messrs. Gerhard J. Neumaier (deceased), Frank B. Silvestro, Ronald L. Frank, and Gerald A. Strobel entered into a Stockholders’ Agreement dated May 12, 1970, as amended January 24, 2011, which governs the sale of certain shares of Ecology and Environment, Inc. common stock (now classified as Class B Common Stock) owned by them, certain children of those individuals and any such shares subsequently transferred to their spouses and/or children outright or in trust for their benefit upon the demise of a signatory to the Agreement (“Permitted Transferees”). The Agreement provides that prior to accepting a bona fide offer to purchase some or all of their shares of Class B Common Stock governed by the Agreement, that the selling party must first allow the other signatories to the Agreement (not including any Permitted Transferee) the opportunity to acquire on a pro rata basis, with right of over-allotment, all of such shares covered by the offer on the same terms and conditions proposed by the offer.

Cash Dividends

The Company did not declare any cash or non-cash dividends during the three months ended November 1, 2014 or October 31, 2013. The Company paid dividends of $1.0 million in August 2013 and 2012 that were declared and accrued in prior periods. The Company paid dividends of $1.0 million in August 2014 and 2013 that were declared and accrued in prior periods.

Page 13 of 25

Stock Repurchase

In August 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a program for repurchase of 200,000 shares of Class A common stock. As of November 1, 2014, the Company repurchased 122,918 shares of Class A stock, and 77,082 shares had yet to be repurchased under this program. The Company did not acquire any Class A shares under this program during the three months ended November 1, 2014 or October 31, 2013.

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests are disclosed as a separate component of consolidated shareholders’ equity on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Earnings and other comprehensive (loss) income are separately attributed to both the controlling and noncontrolling interests. Earnings per share is calculated based on net (loss) income attributable to the Company’s controlling interests.

Transactions to acquire ownership interest from noncontrolling shareholders during the three months ended November 1, 2014 and during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014, which were recorded at amounts that approximated fair value, are summarized in the following table.

	Three Months Ended November 1, 2014		Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2014
Purchases of noncontrolling interests:
Purchase of 344 Walsh common shares (1)	$	---	$	5,653
Purchase of 3,705 Walsh common shares (2)		---		1,120,749
Purchase of 100 Walsh common shares (3)		---		30,250
Total purchases of additional noncontrolling interests (4)	$	---	$	1,156,652

(1) In January 2014, EEI purchased an additional 0.9% of Walsh Environmental Scientists and Engineers, LLC (“Walsh”) from noncontrolling shareholders for $0.1 million in cash. Walsh became a wholly-owned subsidiary of EEI as a result of these transactions.

(2) In October 2013, EEI purchased an additional 9.4% of Walsh for $1.6 million. The purchase price was paid as follows: (i) one third in cash payable on the transaction consummation date; (ii) one third payable with EEI Common Stock on the transaction consummation date; and (iii) one third payable with a promissory note payable in two annual installments of one half the principal plus interest accrued at 3.25% per annum.

(3) In October 2013, EEI purchased an additional 0.2% of Walsh for less than $0.1 million in cash.

(4) Purchases of additional noncontrolling interests are recorded as reductions of shareholders’ equity on the condensed consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity.

13. Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net (loss) income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc. common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. After consideration of all the rights and privileges of the Class A and Class B stockholders summarized in Note 12, in particular the right of the holders of the Class B common stock to elect no less than 75% of the Board of Directors making it highly unlikely that the Company will pay a dividend on Class A common stock in excess of Class B common stock, the Company allocates undistributed earnings between the classes on a one-to-one basis when computing earnings per share. As a result, basic and fully diluted earnings per Class A and Class B share are equal amounts.

The Company has determined that its unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities. These securities shall be included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. The resulting impact was to include unvested restricted shares in the weighted average shares outstanding calculation.

Page 14 of 25

The computation of earnings per share is included in the following table.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014		October 31, 2013
Net income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.	$	847,160	$	380,391
Dividends declared		---		---
Balance at end of period	$	847,160	$	380,391
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (basic and diluted)		4,288,371		4,261,674
Distributed earnings per share	$	---	$	---
Undistributed earnings per share		0.20		0.09
Total earnings per share	$	0.20	$	0.09

14. Segment Reporting

The Company reports segment information based on the geographic location of its customers (for revenues) and the location of its offices (for long-lived assets). Revenue and long-lived assets by business segment are summarized in the following tables.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014		October 31, 2013
Revenue, net by geographic location:
United States	$	21,558,855	$	23,160,148
Foreign countries (1)		11,631,796		11,589,143

(1) Significant foreign revenues included revenues in Peru ($6.6 million and $4.3 million for the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively), Brazil ($2.7 million and $4.0 million for the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively) and Chile ($1.5 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively).

	Balance at
	November 1, 2014		July 31, 2014
Long-Lived Assets by geographic location:
United States	$	26,957,893	$	31,170,634
Foreign countries		5,292,656		5,386,736

15. Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, the Company is a named defendant in legal actions arising out of the normal course of business. The Company is not a party to any pending legal proceeding, the resolution of which the management believes will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, or to any other pending legal proceedings other than ordinary, routine litigation incidental to its business. The Company maintains liability insurance against risks arising out of the normal course of business.

On September 21, 2012, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (the "Department") issued a proposed Compliance Order on Consent (the " Proposed Consent Order") to the City and County of Denver ("Denver") and to Walsh Environmental Scientists and Engineers, LLC (“Walsh”). Walsh is a majority-owned subsidiary of Ecology and Environment, Inc. The Proposed Consent Order concerns construction improvement activities of certain property owned by Denver which was the subject of asbestos remediation. Denver had entered into a contract with Walsh for Walsh to provide certain environmental consulting services (asbestos monitoring services) in connection with the asbestos containment and/or removal performed by other contractors at Denver's real property. Without admitting liability or the Department’s version of the underlying facts, Walsh on February 13, 2013 entered into a Compliance Order on Consent with the Department and paid a penalty of less than $0.1 million and paid for a Supplemental Environmental Project to benefit the public at large in an amount less than $0.1 million. Denver was served with a final Compliance Order and Assessment of Administrative Penalty against Denver alone for approximately $0.2 million. Under Walsh's environmental consulting contract with Denver, Walsh has agreed to indemnify Denver for certain liabilities where Walsh could potentially be held responsible for a portion of the penalty imposed upon Denver. Walsh has put its professional liability and general liability carriers on notice of this indemnification claim by Denver. The Company believes that this administrative proceeding involving Walsh will not have an adverse material effect upon the operations of the Company.

Page 15 of 25

On February 4, 2011, the Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation of Brazil (the “Institute”) issued a Notice of Infraction to E&E Brasil. E&E Brasil is a majority-owned subsidiary of Ecology and Environment, Inc. The Notice of Infraction concerns the taking and collecting species of wild animal specimens without authorization by the competent authority and imposes a fine of 520,000 Reais, which had a value of approximately $0.2 million at November 1, 2014. No claim has been made against Ecology and Environment, Inc. The Institute has also filed Notices of Infraction against four employees of E&E Brasil alleging the same claims and has imposed fines against those individuals that, in the aggregate, are equal to the fine imposed against E&E Brasil. E&E Brasil has filed administrative responses with the Institute for itself and its employees that: (a) denies the jurisdiction of the Institute, (b) states that the Notice of Infraction is constitutionally vague and (c) affirmatively stated that E&E Brasil had obtained the necessary permits for the surveys and collections of specimens under applicable Brazilian regulations and that the protected conservation area is not clearly marked to show its boundaries. At this time, E&E Brasil has attended one meeting where depositions were taken. The Company believes that these administrative proceedings in Brazil will not have an adverse material effect upon the operations of the Company.

Certain contracts contain termination provisions under which the customer may, without penalty, terminate the contracts upon written notice to the Company. In the event of termination, the Company would be paid only termination costs in accordance with the particular contract. Generally, termination costs include unpaid costs incurred to date, earned fees and any additional costs directly allocable to the termination.

Page 16 of 25

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Quarterly Report”) to “EEI” refer to Ecology and Environment, Inc., a New York corporation. References to “the Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or similar terms refer to EEI together with its consolidated subsidiaries.

Executive Overview

For the three months ended November 1, 2014, the first quarter of our fiscal year 2015, income before income tax provision was $2.0 million, which represented a $0.9 million (86%) increase from income of $1.1 million for the same period in the previous fiscal year. Earnings per share increased $0.11 (122%) to $0.20 for the current quarter.

Improved results for the first quarter of 2015 resulted primarily from generally lower operating expenses due to managed reductions in staff levels and other operating costs in U.S. and certain South American markets. Significantly lower amortization of software development costs also contributed to overall decreases in operating expenses.

Revenue less subcontract costs, which is a key performance measure for our business, decreased $1.6 million (5%) for the first quarter of fiscal year 2015. Lower project work volumes and revenues from government, commercial, asbestos inspection and mining sectors in the U.S. and lower energy sector project activity in Brazil were partially offset by higher Department of Defense revenues in the U.S. and higher energy sector revenues from our U.S. and Peruvian operations.

Refer to Results of Operations below for additional commentary regarding our operating results.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and cash equivalents activity and balances are summarized in the following table.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014			October 31, 2013
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(554,210	)	$	1,506,776
Investing activities		(38,557	)		(938,642	)
Financing activities		200,179			(682,203	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(157,803	)		34,078
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	(550,391	)	$	(79,991	)
Cash and cash equivalents at period end, by location:
U.S. operations	$	3,355,361		$	6,669,621
Foreign operations		2,983,491			2,695,048
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	6,338,852		$	9,364,669

Net cash used in operating activities during the quarter ended November 1, 2014 resulted mainly from the following activity:

· Net income (after adjustment for non-cash items) provided $1.4 million of operating cash;

· Net increases in contract receivables resulted in a $3.4 million use of operating cash; and

· Other working capital activity provided $1.4 million of operating cash.

Net cash used in investment activities during the quarter ended November 1, 2014 resulted mainly from the following activity:

· Sales of property, building and equipment provided $0.2 million of operating cash; and

· Purchases of property, building and equipment resulted in a $0.2 million use of operating cash.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the quarter ended November 1, 2014 resulted mainly from the following activity:

· Net borrowings under our lines of credit provided $1.5 million use of cash;

· Dividend payments to common shareholders resulted in a $1.0 million use of cash;

· Repayment of debt and capital lease obligations resulted in a $0.3 million use of cash; and

Page 17 of 25

We have unsecured lines of credit available to provide cash and letters of credit for operations. Contractual interest rates ranged from 2.50% to 3.00% at November 1, 2014. Our lenders have reaffirmed the lines of credit within the past twelve months. Our lines of credit are summarized in the following table.

	Balance at
	November 1, 2014		July 31, 2014
Outstanding cash draws, recorded as lines of credit on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets	$	3,103,035	$	1,572,466
Outstanding letters of credit to support operations		1,885,739		1,944,994
Total amounts used under lines of credit		4,988,774		3,517,460
Remaining amounts available under lines of credit		29,380,226		30,851,540
Total approved unsecured lines of credit	$	34,369,000	$	34,369,000

We believe that cash flows from U.S. operations, available cash balances in our domestic subsidiaries and our available lines of credit will be sufficient to cover working capital requirements of our U.S. operations during the next twelve months and the foreseeable future. Our foreign subsidiaries typically generate adequate cash flow to fund their operations. We intend to reinvest net cash generated from undistributed foreign earnings into operations and business expansion opportunities outside the U.S. Excess cash accumulated by any foreign subsidiary, beyond that necessary to fund operations or business expansion, may be repatriated to the U.S. at the discretion of the Board of Directors of the respective entities. We would be required to accrue and pay taxes on any amounts repatriated to the U.S. from foreign subsidiaries.

In December 2014, a South American subsidiary of Walsh Environmental Scientists & Engineers, LLC (“Walsh”) declared a $1.5 million dividend to Walsh. After local and U.S. taxes, approximately $1.1 million of cash is expected to be available for U.S. operations during the second quarter of fiscal year 2015 as a result of this dividend.

During fiscal year 2014, the Company generated a net operating loss of $1.7 million for income tax purposes, which is expected to be fully utilized during fiscal year 2015.

Balance Sheet Review

Contract Receivables, net

Contract receivables, net are summarized in the following table.

	Balance at
	November 1, 2014			July 31, 2014
Contract Receivables:
Billed	$	26,033,212		$	26,863,708
Unbilled		27,218,922			23,694,451
		53,252,134			50,558,159
Allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments		(6,395,057	)		(6,126,854	)
Total contract receivables, net	$	46,857,077		$	44,431,305

Contract Receivable Concentrations

Significant concentrations of contract receivables and the allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments are summarized in the following table.

	Balance at November 1, 2014				Balance at July 31, 2014
Region	Contract Receivables		Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Contract Adjustments		Contract Receivables		Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Contract Adjustments
United States, Canada and South America	$	46,164,762	$	1,585,604	$	43,394,442	$	1,611,068
Middle East and Africa		6,888,826		4,679,907		7,010,225		4,386,240
Asia		198,546		129,546		153,492		129,546
Totals	$	53,252,134	$	6,395,057	$	50,558,159	$	6,126,854

Combined contract receivables related to projects in the Middle East, Africa and Asia represented 14% of total contract receivables at November 1, 2014 and July 31, 2014, while the combined allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments related to these projects represented 74% of the total allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments at those same period end dates. These allowance percentages highlight the Company’s experience of heightened operating risks (i.e., political, regulatory and cultural risks) within these foreign regions in comparison with similar risks in the United States, Canada and South America. These heightened operating risks have resulted in increased collection risks and the Company expending resources that it may not recover for several months, or at all.

Page 18 of 25

Results of Operations

Revenue, net

Substantially all of the Company's revenue is derived from environmental consulting work. The consulting revenue is principally derived from the sale of labor hours. The consulting work is performed under a mix of fixed price, cost-type, and time and material contracts. Contracts are required from all customers. Revenue is recognized as follows:

Contract Type	Work Type	Revenue Recognition Policy
Time and materials	Consulting	As incurred at contract rates.
Fixed price	Consulting	Percentage of completion, approximating the ratio of either total costs or Level of Effort (“LOE”) hours incurred to date to total estimated costs or LOE hours.
Cost-plus	Consulting	Costs as incurred plus fees. Fees are recognized as revenue using percentage of completion determined by the percentage of LOE hours incurred to total LOE hours in the respective contracts.

Our revenue recognition policy is described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014. Revenue, net associated with these contract types are summarized in the following table.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014		October 31, 2013
Time and materials	$	16,509,164	$	18,801,178
Fixed price		14,366,806		13,220,560
Cost-type		2,314,681		2,757,553
Total revenue by contract type	$	33,190,651	$	34,749,291

Revenue, net and revenue less subcontract costs, by business entity, are summarized in the following table.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014			October 31, 2013
Gross revenue by entity:
EEI and its wholly owned subsidiaries (excluding Walsh)	$	19,338,599		$	19,814,251
Walsh and its subsidiaries		9,215,842			7,638,040
EEI’s majority-owned subsidiaries:
Ecology & Environment do Brasil, Ltda (“E&E Brasil”)		2,696,553			3,958,790
Gestion Ambiental Consultores S.A. (“GAC”)		1,501,652			2,356,630
ECSI, LLC (“ECSI”)		738,021			1,011,308
Total		33,490,667			34,779,019
Net contract adjustments recorded as a reduction from revenue		(300,016	)		(29,728	)
Revenue, net per condensed consolidated statements of operations	$	33,190,651		$	34,749,291
Gross revenue less subcontract costs, by entity:
EEI and its wholly owned subsidiaries (excluding Walsh)	$	15,878,477		$	17,766,251
Walsh and its subsidiaries		7,948,792			5,932,160
EEI’s majority-owned subsidiaries:
E&E Brasil		2,600,852			3,427,244
GAC		1,268,044			1,787,140
ECSI		728,411			999,281
Total	$	28,424,576		$	29,912,076

Page 19 of 25

The decrease in consolidated revenue for the quarter ended November 1, 2014, as compared with the first quarter of the prior fiscal year, resulted from the net impact of the following entity activity:

· Lower Parent Company and wholly-owned subsidiary revenue resulted from lower government and commercial sales volumes in the U.S., which was partially offset by higher Department of Defense and energy sector revenues in the U.S.

· Higher Walsh revenue primarily resulted from higher energy sector sales volume from its Peruvian operations, which was partially offset by lower sales activity in asbestos inspection, energy and mining sectors in the U.S.

· Lower E&E Brasil revenue was primarily due to lower sales volume in the energy transmission sector, as transmission projects completed during fiscal year 2014 were not renewed or replaced.

· Lower GAC revenue was primarily due to lower mining sector revenues, as mining projects completed during fiscal year 2014 were not renewed or replaced.

· Lower ECSI revenue primarily resulted from lower sales volume in the mining sector, as mining projects completed during the prior fiscal year were not renewed or replaced.

Contract Adjustments

Net contract adjustments recorded as a reduction of revenue include adjustments to revenues that are deemed to be unrealizable or that may become unrealizable in the future, as well as adjustments to estimated liabilities for project disallowances that are recorded in other accrued liabilities. Contract adjustments related to projects in the United States, Canada and South America typically result from cost overruns from current or recently completed projects. Contract adjustments related to projects in the Middle East and Africa typically result from difficulties encountered while attempting to settle claims and issues that may be several years old.

Net contract adjustments are summarized by region in the following table.

	Three Months Ended
Region	November 1, 2014		October 31, 2013
United States, Canada and South America	$	6,349	$	30,079
Middle East and Africa		293,667		(351	)
Totals	$	300,016	$	29,728

Net contract adjustments recorded for projects in the Middle East and Africa resulted entirely from increased reserves related to a specific project in the Middle East. Due to ongoing difficulties with settlement and close-out of the project, management decided to increase the related reserve to 81% of the $4.9 million contract receivable balance at November 1, 2014. Management continues to maintain open dialogue with this client, and to seek assistance through all possible official channels, in order to ensure a favorable settlement of this contract receivable balance.

Operating Expenses

During fiscal years 2013 and 2014, management at EEI and its U.S. subsidiaries critically reviewed technical and indirect staffing levels, other expenses necessary to support current project work levels and key administrative processes, particularly in our domestic subsidiaries and operations. As a result of this review, the number of full time employees in various technical and indirect departments at EEI and its U.S. subsidiaries decreased by a combined 16%, 9% and 3% during fiscal year 2013, fiscal year 2014 and the first quarter of fiscal year 2015, respectively. Utilization of contracted services was also reviewed and reduced at EEI. Management continues to critically evaluate its organizational and cost structure to identify ways to operate more efficiently and cost effectively.

Page 20 of 25

The cost of professional services and other direct operating expenses represents labor and other direct costs of providing services to our clients under our project agreements. These costs, and fluctuations in these costs, generally correlate directly with related project revenues. The cost of professional services and other direct operating expenses, by business entity, are summarized in the following table.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014		October 31, 2013
EEI and its wholly owned subsidiaries (excluding Walsh)	$	6,917,665	$	7,608,660
Walsh and its subsidiaries		3,529,376		2,372,807
EEI’s majority-owned subsidiaries:
E&E Brasil		1,563,453		1,948,679
GAC		906,634		1,285,796
ECSI		309,549		332,108
Total cost of professional services and other direct operating expenses	$	13,226,677	$	13,548,050

The cost of professional services and other direct operating expenses decreased $0.3 million (2%) during the three months ended November 1, 2014, as compared with the same period in the prior fiscal year. Lower project-related sales volumes and related costs in the Company’s U.S operations and in Brazil were partially offset by higher project service levels and costs in Walsh’s South American operations.

Administrative and indirect operating expenses and marketing and related costs represent operating costs not directly associated with the generation of revenue. We refer to these combined costs as “indirect operating expenses.” Indirect operating expenses by business entity, excluding depreciation and amortization expenses, are summarized in the following table.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014		October 31, 2013
EEI and its wholly owned subsidiaries (excluding Walsh)	$	7,821,476	$	9,136,912
Walsh and its subsidiaries		2,941,598		3,087,460
EEI’s majority-owned subsidiaries:
E&E Brasil		1,234,765		1,114,305
GAC		303,599		281,131
ECSI		480,198		705,050
Total indirect operating expenses	$	12,781,636	$	14,327,858

Combined administrative and indirect operating expenses and marketing and related costs decreased $1.5 million (11%) during the first three months of fiscal year 2015, as compared with the same period in the prior fiscal year. During fiscal years 2013 and 2014, management at EEI and its U.S. subsidiaries critically reviewed key administrative processes, reduced indirect staffing levels, and reduced utilization of contracted services in certain indirect departments. These cost reductions in the U.S. were partially offset by higher indirect expenses to support growth in South American operations.

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $0.7 million (66%) during the first quarter of fiscal year 2015, as compared with the same quarter last year, primarily due to lower amortization of the Company’s principal operating software. The Company acquired and developed new operating system software during fiscal year 2014, and began utilizing the new software effective August 1, 2014 for its U.S. operations. The Company continued to utilize the previous software system through July 31, 2014, at which time the previous system was abandoned. As a result, amortization of software development costs capitalized for the previous system was accelerated so that the system was completely amortized by July 31, 2014. Total software amortization expense was less than $0.1 million and $0.7 million for the quarters ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively.

Income Taxes

The estimated effective tax rate was 42.1% and 51.2% for the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively. The decrease was mainly a result of a significant increase in forecasted income from foreign entities in countries with a lower effective tax rate than in the U.S., which was partially offset by a smaller increase in forecasted income from U.S. entities.

During fiscal year 2014, the Company generated a net operating loss of $1.7 million for income tax purposes, which is expected to be fully utilized during fiscal year 2015.

Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations discuss the Company's consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments, income taxes, impairment of long-lived assets and contingencies. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Refer to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year end July 31, 2014 for a description of our critical accounting policies.

Page 21 of 25

Inflation

Inflation did not have a material impact on our business during the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013 because a significant amount of our contracts are either cost based or contain commercial rates for services that are adjusted annually.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of November 1, 2014 or July 31, 2014.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Page 22 of 25

As of the end of the period covered by this report, our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based upon this evaluation, our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were (1) designed to ensure that material information relating to our Company is accumulated and made known to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, in a timely manner, particularly during the period in which this report was being prepared, and (2) effective, in that they provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

Management believes, however, that a controls system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a Company have been detected.

Internal Controls

Effective August 1, 2014, we implemented a new operating and accounting software system that resulted in a material change in internal controls over financial reporting. The new software system will provide planning, accounting and management reporting functionality for our U.S. operations. The implementation of this software system was not in response to any deficiency or material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. We believe the implementation was necessary to provide an improved operating platform and to reduce manual effort for our U.S. operations. The new system was acquired from a leading provider of business software for consulting companies, which also provided consulting services for implementation. The new software system was implemented with minimal customization.

The implementation process, which included heavy involvement by key end users and management, was comprised of the following key phases:

· Business process walk-throughs;

· System configuration for key master file information related to user organizations, projects, customers, vendors, employees, revenue and expense transactions, and general ledger accounts;

· System configuration for key controls, including overall system security, user access to various modules and levels of authority for various transactions;

· Data migration from the previous system to the new system; and

· Testing of processes, transactions and migration of historical information.

Post-implementation reviews and testing were conducted by management to ensure that internal controls surrounding the implementation process, the integrity of financial data, and the monthly financial close process are properly designed to prevent material financial statement errors. In addition to normal account reconciliation and validation procedures completed during our monthly close process, we also performed additional substantive procedures and analytical assessments during the first quarter of fiscal year 2015 to validate the accuracy of financial information.

Other than the changes related to the new software system, no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the three months ended November 1, 2014 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company is a named defendant in legal actions arising out of the normal course of business. The Company is not a party to any pending legal proceeding, the resolution of which the management believes will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, or to any other pending legal proceedings other than ordinary, routine litigation incidental to its business. The Company maintains liability insurance against risks arising out of the normal course of business.

Page 23 of 25

On September 21, 2012, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (the "Department") issued a proposed Compliance Order on Consent (the " Proposed Consent Order") to the City and County of Denver ("Denver") and to Walsh Environmental Scientists and Engineers, LLC (“Walsh”). Walsh is a majority-owned subsidiary of Ecology and Environment, Inc. The Proposed Consent Order concerns construction improvement activities of certain property owned by Denver which was the subject of asbestos remediation. Denver had entered into a contract with Walsh for Walsh to provide certain environmental consulting services (asbestos monitoring services) in connection with the asbestos containment and/or removal performed by other contractors at Denver's real property. Without admitting liability or the Department’s version of the underlying facts, Walsh on February 13, 2013 entered into a Compliance Order on Consent with the Department and paid a penalty of less than $0.1 million and paid for a Supplemental Environmental Project to benefit the public at large in an amount less than $0.1 million. Denver was served with a final Compliance Order and Assessment of Administrative Penalty against Denver alone for approximately $0.2 million. Under Walsh's environmental consulting contract with Denver, Walsh has agreed to indemnify Denver for certain liabilities where Walsh could potentially be held responsible for a portion of the penalty imposed upon Denver. Walsh has put its professional liability and general liability carriers on notice of this indemnification claim by Denver. The Company believes that this administrative proceeding involving Walsh will not have an adverse material effect upon the operations of the Company.

On February 4, 2011, the Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation of Brazil (the “Institute”) issued a Notice of Infraction to E&E Brasil. E&E Brasil is a majority-owned subsidiary of Ecology and Environment, Inc. The Notice of Infraction concerns the taking and collecting species of wild animal specimens without authorization by the competent authority and imposes a fine of 520,000 Reais, which had a value of approximately $0.2 million at November 1, 2014. No claim has been made against Ecology and Environment, Inc. The Institute has also filed Notices of Infraction against four employees of E&E Brasil alleging the same claims and has imposed fines against those individuals that, in the aggregate, are equal to the fine imposed against E&E Brasil. E&E Brasil has filed administrative responses with the Institute for itself and its employees that: (a) denies the jurisdiction of the Institute, (b) states that the Notice of Infraction is constitutionally vague and (c) affirmatively stated that E&E Brasil had obtained the necessary permits for the surveys and collections of specimens under applicable Brazilian regulations and that the protected conservation area is not clearly marked to show its boundaries. At this time, E&E Brasil has attended one meeting where depositions were taken. The Company believes that these administrative proceedings in Brazil will not have an adverse material effect upon the operations of the Company.

Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds

(e) Purchased Equity Securities. In August 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a 200,000 share repurchase program. The following table summarizes the Company’s purchases of its common stock during the nine months ended April 30, 2014 under this share repurchase program:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Share Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
August 2014		---		---		---		77,082
September 2014		---		---		---		77,082
October 2014		---		---		---		77,082

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

None.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Page 24 of 25

Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K

(a) 31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

(b) Registrant filed a Current Report on Form 8-K on October 29, 2014 to announce the departure of a Director from the Company’s Board of Directors, effective January 1, 2015.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Ecology and Environment, Inc.
Date: December 16, 2014	By:	/s/ H. John Mye III
		H. John Mye III
		Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

Page 25 of 25

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, GERALD A. STROBEL, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ecology and Environment, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operation and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

	ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT, INC.
Date: December 16, 2014	/s/ Gerald A. Strobel
	Gerald A. Strobel Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, H. John Mye, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ecology and Environment, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operation and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

	ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT, INC.
Date: December 16, 2014	/s/ H. John Mye III
	H. John Mye III Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, GERALD A. STROBEL, the principal executive officer of Ecology and Environment, Inc. (the "Company") hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge that the Form 10-Q of the Company for the first quarter ended November 1, 2014 accompanying this certification (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and the results of operations of the Company. This Certification is made to comply with the provisions of Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and is not intended to be used for any other purpose.

	ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT, INC.
Date: December 16, 2014	/s/ Gerald A. Strobel
	Gerald A. Strobel Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant To Section 906 of the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, H. John Mye, the principal financial officer of Ecology and Environment, Inc. (the "Company") hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that the Form 10-Q of the Company for the first quarter ended November 1, 2014 accompanying this certification (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and the results of operations of the Company. This Certification is made to comply with the provisions of Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and is not intended to be used for any other purpose.

	ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT, INC.
Date: December 16, 2014	/s/ H. John Mye III
	H. John Mye III Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)

XML

Income Taxes (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014	Oct. 31, 2013
Income Taxes [Abstract]
Estimated effective tax rate (in hundredths)	42.10%	51.20%

XML

Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details) (USD $) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014	Jul. 31, 2014
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Maturity period considered for highly liquid instruments to be cash equivalents	3 months
Money market funds	$ 0.1	$ 0.3

XML

Revenue and Contract Receivables, net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Revenue and Contract Receivables, net [Abstract]

Contract Receivables, Net

Contract receivables, net are summarized in the following table.

	Balance at
		November 1, 2014			July 31, 2014
Contract Receivables:
Billed	$	26,033,212		$	26,863,708
Unbilled		27,218,922			23,694,451
		53,252,134			50,558,159
Allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments		(6,395,057	)		(6,126,854	)
Total contract receivables, net	$	46,857,077		$	44,431,305

Contract Receivables and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Contract Adjustments by Geographical Areas

Significant concentrations of contract receivables and the allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments are summarized in the following table.

		Balance at November 1, 2014				Balance at July 31, 2014
Region		Contract Receivables		Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Contract Adjustments		Contract Receivables		Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Contract Adjustments
United States, Canada and South America	$	46,164,762	$	1,585,604	$	43,394,442	$	1,611,068
Middle East and Africa		6,888,826		4,979,907		7,010,225		4,386,240
Asia		198,546		129,546		153,492		129,546
Totals	$	53,252,134	$	6,395,057	$	50,558,159	$	6,126,854

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Contract Adjustments

Activity within the allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments is summarized in the following table.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014			October 31, 2013
Balance at beginning of period	$	6,126,854		$	5,592,800
Net increase (decrease) due to adjustments in the allowance for:
Contract adjustments (1)		300,016			29,728
Doubtful accounts (2)		(31,813	)		24,263
Transfer of reserves to allowance for project disallowances (3)		---			(7,500
Balance at end of period	$	6,395,057		$	5,639,291

(1) Increases (decreases) to the allowance for contract adjustments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are also recorded as (decreases) increases to revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(2) Increases (decreases) to the allowance for doubtful accounts on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are also recorded as increases (decreases) to administrative and other indirect operating expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(3) The allowance for project disallowances is included in other accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.  Refer to Note 10 of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

XML

Shareholders' Equity (Details) (USD $)	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended			1 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2013	Aug. 31, 2012	Nov. 01, 2014		Oct. 31, 2013	Jul. 31, 2014	Jul. 31, 2013		Jan. 31, 2014	Aug. 31, 2010
Cash Dividends [Abstract]
Cash dividends declared			$ 0		$ 0
Accrued dividends payable			1,000,000		1,000,000
Dividends paid	1,000,000	1,000,000
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Purchase of noncontrolling interest			0		553,457
Noncontrolling Interest [Member]
Cash Dividends [Abstract]
Cash dividends declared						0
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Total purchases of additional non controlling interests			0	[1]		1,156,652	1,156,652	[1]
Noncontrolling Interest [Member] | 344 Walsh [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Total purchases of additional non controlling interests			0	[2]			5,653	[2]
Noncontrolling interests shares purchased (in shares)			344
Interest purchased (in hundredths)									0.90%
Purchase of noncontrolling interest									100,000
Noncontrolling Interest [Member] | 3,705 Walsh [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Total purchases of additional non controlling interests			0	[3]			1,120,749	[3]
Noncontrolling interests shares purchased (in shares)			3,705
Interest purchased (in hundredths)					9.40%
Purchase of noncontrolling interest					1,600,000
Percentage of acquisition paid in cash (in hundredths)					33.33%
Percentage of acquisition paid with stock (in hundredths)					33.33%
Percentage of acquisition paid with promissory note (in hundredths)					33.33%
Number of annual installments					2
Portion of principal of acquisition paid on promissory note (in hundredths)					50.00%
Interest on promissory notes (in hundredths)					3.25%
Noncontrolling Interest [Member] | 100 Walsh [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Total purchases of additional non controlling interests			0	[4]			30,250	[4]
Noncontrolling interests shares purchased (in shares)			100
Interest purchased (in hundredths)					0.20%
Purchase of noncontrolling interest					100,000
Class A [Member]
Class A and Class B common stock [Abstract]
Percentage equity holders entitled to elect Board of Directors (in hundredths)			25.00%
Minimum percentage of the number of outstanding Class A shares to combined classes of shares (in hundredths)			10.00%
Voting power of Class A common share holders to the Class B common share holders (in hundredths)			10.00%
Stock Repurchase [Abstract]
Number of shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)			122,918							200,000
Number of Class A share acquired (in shares)			0
Acquisition cost			$ 0
Remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)			77,082

[1] Purchases of additional noncontrolling interests are recorded as reductions of shareholders' equity on the condensed consolidated statements of shareholders' equity.

[2] In January 2014, EEI purchased an additional 0.9% of Walsh Environmental Scientists and Engineers, LLC ("Walsh") from noncontrolling shareholders for $0.1 million in cash. Walsh became a wholly-owned subsidiary of EEI as a result of these transactions.

[3] In October 2013, EEI purchased an additional 9.4% of Walsh for $1.6 million. The purchase price was paid as follows: (i) one third in cash payable on the transaction consummation date; (ii) one third payable with EEI Common Stock on the transaction consummation date; and (iii) one third payable with a promissory note payable in two annual installments of one half the principal plus interest accrued at 3.25% per annum.

[4] In October 2013, EEI purchased an additional 0.2% of Walsh for less than $0.1 million in cash.

XML

Lines of Credit (Details) (USD $)	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014	Jul. 31, 2014
Lines of Credit [Abstract]
Outstanding cash draws, recorded as lines of credit on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets	$ 3,103,035	$ 1,572,466
Outstanding letters of credit to support operations	1,885,739	1,944,994
Total amounts used under lines of credit	4,988,774	3,517,460
Remaining amounts available under lines of credit	29,380,226	30,851,540
Total approved unsecured lines of credit	$ 34,369,000	$ 34,369,000
Interest rate, minimum (in hundredths)	2.50%
Interest rate, maximum (in hundredths)	3.00%

XML

Organization and Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Organization and Basis of Presentation [Abstract]

Organization and Basis of Presentation

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Ecology and Environment, Inc., (“EEI” or the “Parent Company”) was incorporated in 1970 as a global broad-based environmental consulting firm whose underlying philosophy is to provide professional services worldwide so that sustainable economic and human development may proceed with acceptable impact on the environment.  Together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”), EEI has direct and indirect ownership in 19 wholly owned and majority owned operating subsidiaries in 12 countries.  The Company’s staff is comprised of individuals representing more than 80 scientific, engineering, health, and social disciplines working together in multidisciplinary teams to provide innovative environmental solutions.  The Company has completed more than 50,000 projects for a wide variety of clients in more than 120 countries, providing environmental solutions in nearly every ecosystem on the planet.

The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by the Company, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).  The financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of such information.  All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature.  The Company follows the same accounting policies in preparation of interim reports.  Although the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, including a description of significant accounting policies, have been condensed or omitted pursuant to SEC rules and regulations.  Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.  The condensed consolidated results of operations for the three months ended November 1, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results for any subsequent period or the entire fiscal year ending July 31, 2015.

Certain prior year amounts were reclassified to conform to the condensed consolidated financial statement presentation for the three months ended November 1, 2014.

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Earnings Per Share (Details) (USD $)	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014	Oct. 31, 2013
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.	$ 847,160	$ 380,391
Dividends declared	0	0
Balance at end of period	$ 847,160	$ 380,391
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (basic and diluted) (in shares)	4,288,371	4,261,674
Distributed earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Undistributed earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.20	$ 0.09
Total earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.20	$ 0.09
Minimum percentage right of Class B common stock holders to elect Board of Directors (in hundredths)	75.00%

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Shareholders' Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Shareholders' Equity [Abstract]

Effects of Changes in Ownership Interest in Subsidiaries

Transactions to acquire ownership interest from noncontrolling shareholders during the three months ended November 1, 2014 and during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014, which were recorded at amounts that approximated fair value, are summarized in the following table.

	Three Months Ended November 1, 2014		Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2014
Purchases of noncontrolling interests:
Purchase of 344 Walsh common shares (1)	$	---	$	5,653
Purchase of 3,705 Walsh common shares (2)		---		1,120,749
Purchase of 100 Walsh common shares (3)		---		30,250
Total purchases of additional noncontrolling interests (4)	$	---	$	1,156,652

(1) In January 2014, EEI purchased an additional 0.9% of Walsh Environmental Scientists and Engineers, LLC (“Walsh”) from noncontrolling shareholders for $0.1 million in cash.  Walsh became a wholly-owned subsidiary of EEI as a result of these transactions.

(2) In October 2013, EEI purchased an additional 9.4% of Walsh for $1.6 million.  The purchase price was paid as follows: (i) one third in cash payable on the transaction consummation date; (ii) one third payable with EEI Common Stock on the transaction consummation date; and (iii) one third payable with a promissory note payable in two annual installments of one half the principal plus interest accrued at 3.25% per annum.

(3) In October 2013, EEI purchased an additional 0.2% of Walsh for less than $0.1 million in cash.

(4) Purchases of additional noncontrolling interests are recorded as reductions of shareholders’ equity on the condensed consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity.

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Other Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Other Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]

Other Accrued Liabilities

Other accrued liabilities are summarized in the following table.

	Balance at
	November 1,  2014		July 31, 2014
Allowance for project disallowances	$	2,393,351	$	2,393,351
Other		1,774,254		1,841,911
Total other accrued liabilities	$	4,167,605	$	4,235,262

Allowance for Project Disallowances

Activity within the allowance for project disallowances is summarized in the following table.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014		October 31, 2013
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,393,351	$	2,663,351
Transfer of reserves from allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments		---		7,500
Balance at end of period	$	2,393,351	$	2,670,851

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Segment Reporting (Details) (USD $)	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014		Oct. 31, 2013		Jul. 31, 2014
United States [Member]
Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 21,558,855		$ 23,160,148
Gross Long-Lived Assets	26,957,893				31,170,634
Foreign Countries [Member]
Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Revenue	11,631,796	[1]	11,589,143	[1]
Gross Long-Lived Assets	5,292,656				5,386,736
Peru [Member]
Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Revenue	6,600,000		4,300,000
Brazil [Member]
Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Revenue	2,700,000		4,000,000
Chile [Member]
Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 1,500,000		$ 2,400,000

[1] Significant foreign revenues included revenues in Peru ($6.6 million and $4.3 million for the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively), Brazil ($2.7 million and $4.0 million for the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively) and Chile ($1.5 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively).

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Earnings Per Share

The computation of earnings per share is included in the following table.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014		October 31, 2013
Net income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.	$	847,160	$	380,391
Dividends declared		---		---
Balance at end of period	$	847,160	$	380,391
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (basic and diluted)		4,288,371		4,261,674
Distributed earnings per share	$	---	$	---
Undistributed earnings per share		0.20		0.09
Total earnings per share	$	0.20	$	0.09

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Segment Reporting (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

Revenue and long-lived assets by business segment are summarized in the following tables.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014		October 31, 2013
Revenue, net by geographic location:
United States	$	21,558,855	$	23,160,148
Foreign countries (1)		11,631,796		11,589,143

(1) Significant foreign revenues included revenues in Peru ($6.6 million and $4.3 million for the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively), Brazil ($2.7 million and $4.0 million for the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively) and Chile ($1.5 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively).

	Balance at
	November 1, 2014		July 31, 2014
Long-Lived Assets by geographic location:
United States	$	26,957,893	$	31,170,634
Foreign countries		5,292,656		5,386,736

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) (USD $)	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2014
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited) [Abstract]
Cash dividends paid (in dollars per share)	$ 0.48

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Organization and Basis of Presentation (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014 Country Discipline Subsidiary Project
Organization and Basis of Presentation [Abstract]
Number of wholly owned and majority owned operating subsidiaries	19
Number of countries in which the company operates	12
Number of disciplines	80
Number of projects for clients	50,000
Minimum number of countries in which the company completed projects	120

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Other Accrued Liabilities (Details) (USD $)	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014	Oct. 31, 2013	Jul. 31, 2014
Other Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]
Allowance for project disallowances	$ 2,393,351	$ 2,670,851
Other	1,774,254		1,841,911
Total other accrued liabilities	4,167,605		4,235,262
Allowance for Project Disallowances [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	2,393,351	2,663,351
Transfer of reserves from allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments	0	7,500
Balance at end of period	$ 2,393,351	$ 2,670,851

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (USD $)	Nov. 01, 2014	Jul. 31, 2014
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 6,338,852	$ 6,889,243
Investment securities available for sale	1,424,834	1,407,277
Contract receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments of $6,395,057 and $6,126,854, respectively	46,857,077	44,431,305
Deferred income taxes	4,441,042	4,534,437
Income tax receivable	437,962	1,107,983
Other current assets	2,346,008	1,589,646
Total current assets	61,845,775	59,959,891
Property, building and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $24,488,978 and $28,615,915, respectively	7,761,571	7,941,455
Deferred income taxes	1,866,323	1,865,798
Other assets	2,104,246	1,941,178
Total assets	73,577,915	71,708,322
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	8,808,731	9,874,649
Lines of credit	3,103,035	1,572,466
Accrued payroll costs	8,474,470	7,650,077
Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations	432,514	420,737
Billings in excess of revenue	5,347,912	5,003,413
Other accrued liabilities	4,167,605	4,235,262
Total current liabilities	30,334,267	28,756,604
Income taxes payable	107,035	107,035
Deferred income taxes	631,083	631,083
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations	202,167	421,769
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share (2,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued)	0	0
Capital in excess of par value	17,047,578	17,124,339
Retained earnings	22,763,735	21,916,575
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(728,882)	(182,735)
Treasury stock, at cost (Class A common: 40,553 shares; Class B common: 64,801 shares)	(1,223,899)	(1,223,899)
Total Ecology and Environment, Inc. shareholders' equity	37,902,470	37,678,218
Noncontrolling interests	4,400,893	4,113,613
Total shareholders' equity	42,303,363	41,791,831
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	73,577,915	71,708,322
Class A [Member]
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock	26,997	26,851
Class B [Member]
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock	$ 16,941	$ 17,087

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014 City of Denver [Member] USD ($)	Nov. 01, 2014 Walsh Environmental Scientists and Engineers [Member] USD ($)	Nov. 01, 2014 Pending Litigation [Member] Ecology and Environment do Brasil LTDA [Member] USD ($) Employees	Nov. 01, 2014 Pending Litigation [Member] Ecology and Environment do Brasil LTDA [Member] BRL Employees
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Penalty	$ 200,000	$ 100,000
Supplemental Environmental Project		100,000
Final Compliance Order and Assessment of Administrative Penalty against Denver			$ 200,000	520,000
Number of employees individually served with Notices of Infraction			4	4

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (USD $)	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014	Oct. 31, 2013
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 1,136,121	$ 515,114
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	362,729	1,053,954
(Provision) benefit for deferred income taxes	(12,055)	110,585
Share based compensation expense	15,088	89,049
Tax impact of share-based compensation	(91,849)	(31,695)
Gain on sale of assets and investment securities	(140,385)	0
Provisions for contract adjustments and doubtful accounts	300,016	29,728
Bad debt expense	(31,813)	24,263
Decrease (increase) in:
- contract receivables	(3,445,154)	658,931
- other current assets	(803,556)	(675,225)
- income tax receivable	670,021	164,580
- other non-current assets	(167,146)	7,988
(Decrease) increase in:
- accounts payable	94,305	(926,165)
- accrued payroll costs	1,005,508	597,287
- income taxes payable	47,232	(4,723)
- billings in excess of revenue	469,175	(190,544)
- other accrued liabilities	37,553	83,649
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(554,210)	1,506,776
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest of subsidiaries	0	(553,457)
Purchase of property, building and equipment	(233,661)	(260,770)
Proceeds from sale of property, building and equipment	203,327	0
Sale (purchase) of investment securities	(8,223)	(124,415)
Net cash used in investing activities	(38,557)	(938,642)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Dividends paid	(1,033,071)	(1,019,955)
Proceeds from debt	0	545,877
Repayment of debt and capital lease obligations	(297,319)	(38,422)
Net (repayments of) borrowings under of lines of credit	1,530,569	(28,691)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	0	(141,012)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	200,179	(682,203)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(157,803)	34,078
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(550,391)	(79,991)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	6,889,243	9,444,660
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	6,338,852	9,364,669
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	16,698	48,308
Income Taxes	324,003	(23,733)
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash items:
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest of subsidiaries (loans and stock)	$ 0	$ 1,039,574

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Revenue and Contract Receivables, net (Details) (USD $)	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014		Oct. 31, 2013		Jul. 31, 2014
Contracts Receivable [Line Items]
Billed Contracts Receivable	$ 26,033,212				$ 26,863,708
Unbilled Contracts Receivable	27,218,922				23,694,451
Contracts Receivable, Gross	53,252,134				50,558,159
Allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments	(6,395,057)		(5,639,291)
Total contract receivables, net	46,857,077				44,431,305
Contractual retainage balance included under billed contract receivable	0				0
Management anticipation for receivables collection	1 year
Contract receivables (in hundredths)	14.00%				14.00%
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivables (in hundredths)	74.00%				74.00%
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	6,126,854		5,592,800
Net increase (decrease) due to adjustments in the allowance for contract adjustments (1)	300,016	[1]	29,728	[1]
Net increase (decrease) due to adjustments in the allowance for doubtful accounts (2)	(31,813)	[2]	24,263	[2]
Transfer of reserves (to) from allowance for project disallowances (3)	0	[3]	(7,500)	[3]
Balance at end of period	6,395,057		5,639,291
United States, Canada and South America [Member]
Contracts Receivable [Line Items]
Contracts Receivable, Gross	46,164,762				43,394,442
Allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments	1,585,604				1,611,068
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period					(1,611,068)
Balance at end of period	(1,585,604)				(1,611,068)
Middle East and Africa [Member]
Contracts Receivable [Line Items]
Contracts Receivable, Gross	6,888,826				7,010,225
Allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments	4,979,907				4,386,240
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period					(4,386,240)
Balance at end of period	(4,979,907)				(4,386,240)
Asia [Member]
Contracts Receivable [Line Items]
Contracts Receivable, Gross	198,546				153,492
Allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments	129,546				129,546
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period					(129,546)
Balance at end of period	$ (129,546)				$ (129,546)

[1] Increases (decreases) to the allowance for contract adjustments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are also recorded as (decreases) increases to revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

[2] Increases (decreases) to the allowance for doubtful accounts on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are also recorded as increases (decreases) to administrative and other indirect operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.

[3] The allowance for project disallowances is included in other accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 10 of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Segment Reporting

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

14. Segment Reporting

The Company reports segment information based on the geographic location of its customers (for revenues) and the location of its offices (for long-lived assets). Revenue and long-lived assets by business segment are summarized in the following tables.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014		October 31, 2013
Revenue, net by geographic location:
United States	$	21,558,855	$	23,160,148
Foreign countries (1)		11,631,796		11,589,143

(1) Significant foreign revenues included revenues in Peru ($6.6 million and $4.3 million for the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively), Brazil ($2.7 million and $4.0 million for the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively) and Chile ($1.5 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively).

	Balance at
	November 1, 2014		July 31, 2014
Long-Lived Assets by geographic location:
United States	$	26,957,893	$	31,170,634
Foreign countries		5,292,656		5,386,736

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Property, Building and Equipment, net (Details) (USD $) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014	Oct. 31, 2013
Capitalized Software Costs [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Unamortized software development costs	$ 0.1	$ 0
Computer Software [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Amortization expense	$ 0.1	$ 0.7

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Fair Value of Financial Instruments [Abstract]

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis is summarized by level within the fair value hierarchy in the following table.

	Balance at November 1, 2014
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investment securities available for sale	$	1,424,834	$	---	$	---	$	1,424,834

Assets:	Balance at July 31, 2014
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Investment securities available for sale	$	1,407,277	$	---	$	---	$	1,407,277

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited) (USD $)		Common Stock [Member] Class A [Member]	Common Stock [Member] Class B [Member]	Capital in Excess of Par Value [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Noncontrolling Interest [Member]	Total
Balance at Jul. 31, 2012
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests	[1]							$ (1,156,652)
Balance at Jul. 31, 2013		26,851	17,087	20,016,873	25,365,853	(84,527)	(1,798,233)	3,095,386
Balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2013		2,685,151	1,708,574				143,911
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net (loss) income				0	(1,382,656)	0	0	592,203
Foreign currency translation adjustment				0	0	(163,913)	0	(134,287)
Cash dividends declared				0	(2,066,622)	0	0	0
Unrealized investment gain, net				0	0	1,412	0	0
Repurchase of Class A common stock				0	0	0	(173,278)	0
Repurchase of Class A common stock (in shares)							16,091
Issuance of stock under stock award plan				(194,454)	0	0	194,454	0
Issuance of stock under stock award plan (in shares)							(16,387)
Share-based compensation expense				353,295	0	0	0	0
Tax impact of share based compensation				(31,695)	0	0	0	0
Distributions to noncontrolling interests				0	0	0	0	(664,703)
Reclassification adjustment for prior period acquisitions of noncontrolling interests				(2,414,027)	0	0	0	2,381,666
Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests		0	0	(605,653)	0	64,293	553,158	(1,156,652)
Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests (in shares)		0	0				(44,260)
Stock award plan forfeitures		0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stock award plan forfeitures (in shares)		0	0				5,999
Balance at Jul. 31, 2014		26,851	17,087	17,124,339	21,916,575	(182,735)	(1,223,899)	4,113,613	41,791,831
Balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2014		2,685,151	1,708,574				105,354
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net (loss) income				0	847,160	0	0	288,961	1,136,121
Foreign currency translation adjustment				0	0	(551,747)	0	(1,681)	(553,428)
Cash dividends declared									0
Unrealized investment gain, net				0	0	5,600	0	0	5,600
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock		146	(146)	0	0	0	0	0
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock (in shares)		14,576	(14,576)
Share-based compensation expense				15,088	0	0	0	0
Tax impact of share based compensation				(91,849)	0	0	0	0
Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests	[1]							0
Balance at Nov. 01, 2014		$ 26,997	$ 16,941	$ 17,047,578	$ 22,763,735	$ (728,882)	$ (1,223,899)	$ 4,400,893	$ 42,303,363
Balance (in shares) at Nov. 01, 2014		2,699,727	1,693,998				105,354

[1] Purchases of additional noncontrolling interests are recorded as reductions of shareholders' equity on the condensed consolidated statements of shareholders' equity.

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) (USD $)	Nov. 01, 2014	Jul. 31, 2014
Assets
Contract receivables, allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments	$ 6,395,057	$ 6,126,854
Property, building and equipment, accumulated depreciation	$ 24,488,978	$ 28,615,915
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	2,000,000	2,000,000
Preferred stock, issued (in shares)	0	0
Class A [Member]
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	6,000,000	6,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	2,699,727	2,699,727
Treasury stock (in shares)	40,553	40,553
Class B [Member]
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	10,000,000	10,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	1,693,998	1,693,998
Treasury stock (in shares)	64,801	64,801

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Income Taxes

9. Income Taxes

The estimated effective tax rate was 42.1% and 51.2% for the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively.  The decrease was mainly a result of a significant increase in forecasted income from foreign entities in countries with a lower effective tax rate than in the U.S., which was partially offset by a smaller increase in forecasted income from U.S. entities.

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Document and Entity Information	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014	Nov. 30, 2014
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT INC
Entity Central Index Key	0000809933
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--07-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2015
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Nov. 01, 2014
Common Class A [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		2,659,174
Common Class B [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		1,629,197

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Other Accrued Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Other Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]

Other Accrued Liabilities

10. Other Accrued Liabilities

Other accrued liabilities are summarized in the following table.

	Balance at
	November 1,  2014		July 31, 2014
Allowance for project disallowances	$	2,393,351	$	2,393,351
Other		1,774,254		1,841,911
Total other accrued liabilities	$	4,167,605	$	4,235,262

The allowance for project disallowances represents potential disallowances of amounts billed and collected resulting from contract close-outs and government audits.  Allowances for project disallowances are recorded when the amounts are estimable.  Activity within the allowance for project disallowances is summarized in the following table.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014		October 31, 2013
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,393,351	$	2,663,351
Transfer of reserves from allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments		---		7,500
Balance at end of period	$	2,393,351	$	2,670,851

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Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations (Unaudited) (USD $)	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014	Oct. 31, 2013
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations (Unaudited) [Abstract]
Revenue, net	$ 33,190,651	$ 34,749,291
Cost of professional services and other direct operating expenses	13,226,677	13,548,050
Subcontract costs	5,066,091	4,866,943
Administrative and indirect operating expenses	9,392,996	10,869,243
Marketing and related costs	3,388,640	3,458,615
Depreciation and amortization	362,729	1,053,954
Income from operations	1,753,518	952,486
Interest income	23,039	43,475
Interest expense	(18,241)	(49,774)
Other (expense) income	(2,535)	120,031
Gain on sale of assets and investment securities	140,385	0
Net foreign exchange gains (losses)	65,498	(10,426)
Income before income tax provision	1,961,664	1,055,792
Income tax provision	825,543	540,678
Net income	1,136,121	515,114
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(288,961)	(134,723)
Net income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.	$ 847,160	$ 380,391
Net income per common share: basic and diluted	$ 0.20	$ 0.09
Weighted average common shares outstanding: basic and diluted (in shares)	4,288,371	4,261,674

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Fair Value of Financial Instruments [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

4. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial assets or liabilities are measured using inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy.  The asset’s or liability’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.  Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.  The Company has not elected a fair value option on any assets or liabilities. The three levels of the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. Generally this includes debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded on an active exchange market (e.g., New York Stock Exchange) as well as certain U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government and agency mortgage-backed securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-counter markets. 

Level 2 Inputs – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets; or valuations based on models where the significant inputs are observable (e.g., interest rates, yield curves, credit risks, etc.) or can be corroborated by observable market data.  The Company’s investment securities classified as Level 2 are comprised of international and domestic corporate and municipal bonds.

Level 3 Inputs – Valuations based on models where significant inputs are not observable.  The unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use.

The availability of observable market data is monitored to assess the appropriate classification of financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy.  Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another.  In such instances, the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period.  The Company evaluated the significance of transfers between levels based upon the nature of the financial instrument.  There were no transfers in or out of levels 1, 2 or 3, respectively during the three months ended November 1, 2014 or the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014.

The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis is summarized by level within the fair value hierarchy in the following table.

	Balance at November 1, 2014
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investment securities available for sale	$	1,424,834	$	---	$	---	$	1,424,834

Assets:	Balance at July 31, 2014
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Investment securities available for sale	$	1,407,277	$	---	$	---	$	1,407,277

Investment securities available for sale include mutual funds that are valued at the net asset value (“NAV”) of shares held by the Company at period end.  Mutual funds held by the Company are open-end mutual funds that are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.  These funds are required to publish their daily NAV and to transact at that price.  The mutual funds held by the Company are deemed to be actively traded.

Reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income resulting from realized gains or losses from the sale of investment securities available for sale are included in gain on sale of assets and investment securities on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.  The Company did not record any sales of investment securities during the three months ended November 1, 2014 or the three months ended October 31, 2013.

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximated fair value at November 1, 2014 and July 31, 2014.  These assets were classified as level 1 instruments at both dates.  Long-term debt consists of bank loans and capitalized equipment leases.  Lines of credit consist of borrowings for working capital requirements.  Based on the Company's assessment of the current financial market and corresponding risks associated with the debt and line of credit borrowings, management believes that the carrying amount of these liabilities approximated fair value at November 1, 2014 and July 31, 2014.  These liabilities were classified as level 2 instruments at both dates.  There were no financial instruments classified as level 3 at November 1, 2014 or July 31, 2014.

Investment securities available for sale are stated at fair value.  Unrealized gains or losses related to investment securities available for sale are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable income taxes in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and condensed consolidated statements of changes in shareholders' equity.  The cost basis of securities sold is based on the specific identification method.  The Company had gross unrealized losses of less than $0.1 million recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income for the periods ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

3.    Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  The Company invests cash in excess of operating requirements in income-producing short-term investments.  Money market funds of less than $0.1 million and $0.3 million were included in cash and cash equivalents in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets at November 1, 2014 and July 31, 2014, respectively.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

15. Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, the Company is a named defendant in legal actions arising out of the normal course of business.  The Company is not a party to any pending legal proceeding, the resolution of which the management believes will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, or to any other pending legal proceedings other than ordinary, routine litigation incidental to its business.  The Company maintains liability insurance against risks arising out of the normal course of business.

On September 21, 2012, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (the "Department") issued a proposed Compliance Order on Consent (the " Proposed Consent Order") to the City and County of Denver ("Denver") and to Walsh Environmental Scientists and Engineers, LLC (“Walsh”).  Walsh is a majority-owned subsidiary of Ecology and Environment, Inc.  The Proposed Consent Order concerns construction improvement activities of certain property owned by Denver which was the subject of asbestos remediation.  Denver had entered into a contract with Walsh for Walsh to provide certain environmental consulting services (asbestos monitoring services) in connection with the asbestos containment and/or removal performed by other contractors at Denver's real property.  Without admitting liability or the Department’s version of the underlying facts, Walsh on February 13, 2013 entered into a Compliance Order on Consent with the Department and paid a penalty of less than $0.1 million and paid for a Supplemental Environmental Project to benefit the public at large in an amount less than $0.1 million.  Denver was served with a final Compliance Order and Assessment of Administrative Penalty against Denver alone for approximately $0.2 million.  Under Walsh's environmental consulting contract with Denver, Walsh has agreed to indemnify Denver for certain liabilities where Walsh could potentially be held responsible for a portion of the penalty imposed upon Denver.  Walsh has put its professional liability and general liability carriers on notice of this indemnification claim by Denver.  The Company believes that this administrative proceeding involving Walsh will not have an adverse material effect upon the operations of the Company.

On February 4, 2011, the Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation of Brazil (the “Institute”) issued a Notice of Infraction to E&E Brasil.  E&E Brasil is a majority-owned subsidiary of Ecology and Environment, Inc.  The Notice of Infraction concerns the taking and collecting species of wild animal specimens without authorization by the competent authority and imposes a fine of 520,000 Reais, which had a value of approximately $0.2 million at November 1, 2014.  No claim has been made against Ecology and Environment, Inc.  The Institute has also filed Notices of Infraction against four employees of E&E Brasil alleging the same claims and has imposed fines against those individuals that, in the aggregate, are equal to the fine imposed against E&E Brasil.  E&E Brasil has filed administrative responses with the Institute for itself and its employees that: (a) denies the jurisdiction of the Institute, (b) states that the Notice of Infraction is constitutionally vague and (c) affirmatively stated that E&E Brasil had obtained the necessary permits for the surveys and collections of specimens under applicable Brazilian regulations and that the protected conservation area is not clearly marked to show its boundaries.  At this time, E&E Brasil has attended one meeting where depositions were taken. The Company believes that these administrative proceedings in Brazil will not have an adverse material effect upon the operations of the Company.

Certain contracts contain termination provisions under which the customer may, without penalty, terminate the contracts upon written notice to the Company.  In the event of termination, the Company would be paid only termination costs in accordance with the particular contract.  Generally, termination costs include unpaid costs incurred to date, earned fees and any additional costs directly allocable to the termination.

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Stock Award Plan

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Stock Award Plan [Abstract]

Stock Award Plan

11. Stock Award Plan

EEI adopted the 1998 Stock Award Plan effective March 16, 1998 (the “1998 Award Plan”).  The following supplemental plans were adopted subsequent to adoption of the 1998 Award Plan:

· The 2003 Stock Award Plan (the “2003 Award Plan”), which was adopted by the Board of Directors in October 2004, approved by shareholders in January 2004, and terminated in October 2008;

· The 2007 Stock Award Plan (the “2007 Award Plan”), which was adopted by the Board of Directors in October 2007, approved by shareholders in January 2008, and terminated in October 2012; and

· The 2011 Stock Award Plan (the “2011 Award Plan”), which was adopted by the Board of Directors in October 2011, approved by shareholders in January 2012, and will terminate in October 2016.

The 1998 Award Plan and all supplemental plans are collectively referred to as the “Award Plan”.  The Award Plan permits grants of the award for a period of five (5) years from the date of adoption by the Board of Directors.  The Award Plan is not a qualified plan under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code.

The Company awarded 62,099 Class A shares valued at $0.9 million in October 2011 and 16,387 Class A shares valued at $0.2 million in July 2013 pursuant to the Award Plan.  These awards have a three year vesting period.  Total gross compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period.  The Company recorded non-cash compensation expense of less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million during the quarters ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively, in connection with outstanding stock compensation awards.  The Company expects to record less than $0.1 million of non-cash compensation expense during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2015.  The "pool" of excess tax benefits accumulated in Capital in Excess of Par Value was $0.1 million and at November 1, 2014 and July 31, 2014.

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Lines of Credit

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Lines of Credit [Abstract]

Lines of Credit

7. Lines of Credit

Unsecured lines of credit are summarized in the following table.

		Balance at
		November 1, 2014		July 31, 2014
Outstanding cash draws, recorded as lines of credit on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets	$	3,103,035	$	1,572,466
Outstanding letters of credit to support operations		1,885,739		1,944,994
Total amounts used under lines of credit		4,988,774		3,517,460
Remaining amounts available under lines of credit		29,380,226		30,851,540
Total approved unsecured lines of credit	$	34,369,000	$	34,369,000

Contractual interest rates ranged from 2.50% to 3.00% at November 1, 2014.  The Company’s lenders have reaffirmed the lines of credit within the past twelve months.

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Revenue and Contract Receivables, net

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Revenue and Contract Receivables, net [Abstract]

Revenue and Contract Receivables, net

5. Revenue and Contract Receivables, net

Revenue Recognition

Substantially all of the Company's revenue is derived from environmental consulting work.  The consulting revenue is principally derived from the sale of labor hours.  The consulting work is performed under a mix of fixed price, cost-type, and time and material contracts.  Contracts are required from all customers.  Revenue is recognized as follows:

Contract Type	Work Type	Revenue Recognition Policy
Time and materials	Consulting	As incurred at contract rates.
Fixed price	Consulting	Percentage of completion, approximating the ratio of either total costs or Level of Effort (“LOE”) hours incurred to date to total estimated costs or LOE hours.
Cost-plus	Consulting	Costs as incurred plus fees.  Fees are recognized as revenue using percentage of completion determined by the percentage of LOE hours incurred to total LOE hours in the respective contracts.

Revenues reflected in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations represent services rendered for which the Company maintains a primary contractual relationship with its customers.  Included in revenues are certain services outside the Company's normal operations which the Company has elected to subcontract to other contractors.

Time and material contracts are accounted for over the period of performance, in proportion to the costs of performance, predominately based on labor hours incurred.  Revenue earned from fixed price and cost-plus contracts is recognized using the “percentage-of-completion” method, wherein revenue is recognized as project progress occurs.  If an estimate of costs at completion on any contract indicates that a loss will be incurred, the entire estimated loss is charged to operations in the period the loss becomes evident.

Substantially all of the Company's cost-type work is with federal governmental agencies and, as such, is subject to audits after contract completion.  Under these cost-type contracts, provisions for adjustments to accrued revenue are recognized on a quarterly basis and based on past audit settlement history.  Government audits have been completed and final rates have been negotiated through fiscal year 2007.  The Company records an allowance for project disallowances in other accrued liabilities for potential disallowances resulting from government audits (refer to Note 10 of these condensed consolidated financial statements).

Change orders can occur when changes in scope are made after project work has begun, and can be initiated by either the Company or its clients.  Claims are amounts in excess of the agreed contract price which the Company seeks to recover from a client for customer delays and /or errors or unapproved change orders that are in dispute.  Costs related to change orders and claims are recognized as incurred.  Revenues and profit are recognized on change orders when it is probable that the change order will be approved and the amount can be reasonably estimated.  Revenues are recognized only up to the amount of costs incurred on contract claims when realization is probable, estimable and reasonable support from the customer exists.

All bid and proposal and other pre-contract costs are expensed as incurred.  Out of pocket expenses such as travel, meals, field supplies, and other costs billed direct to contracts are included in both revenues and cost of professional services.  Sales and cost of sales at the Company’s South American subsidiaries exclude tax assessments by governmental authorities, which are collected by the Company from its customers and then remitted to governmental authorities.

Billed contract receivables represent amounts billed to clients in accordance with contracted terms, which have not been collected from clients as of the end of the reporting period.  Billed contract receivables may include: (1) amounts billed for revenues from incurred costs and fees that have been earned in accordance with contractual terms; and (2) progress billings in accordance with contractual terms that include revenue not yet earned as of the end of the reporting period.

Unbilled contract receivables result from: (i) revenues from incurred costs and fees which have been earned, but are not billed as of period-end; and (ii) differences between year-to-date provisional billings and year-to-date actual contract costs incurred.

The Company reduces contract receivables by recording an allowance for doubtful accounts to account for the estimated impact of collection issues resulting from a client’s inability or unwillingness to pay valid obligations to the Company.  The resulting provision for bad debts is recorded within administrative and indirect operating expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company also reduces contract receivables by establishing an allowance for contract adjustments related to revenues that are deemed to be unrealizable, or that may become unrealizable in the future.  Management reviews contract receivables and determines allowance amounts based on the adequacy of the Company’s performance under the contract, the status of change orders and claims, historical experience with the client for settling change orders and claims, and economic, geopolitical and cultural considerations for the home country of the client.  Such contract adjustments are recorded as direct adjustments to revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Contract Receivables, Net

Contract receivables, net are summarized in the following table.

	Balance at
		November 1, 2014			July 31, 2014
Contract Receivables:
Billed	$	26,033,212		$	26,863,708
Unbilled		27,218,922			23,694,451
		53,252,134			50,558,159
Allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments		(6,395,057	)		(6,126,854	)
Total contract receivables, net	$	46,857,077		$	44,431,305

Billed contract receivables did not include any contractual retainage balances at November 1, 2014 or July 31, 2014.  Management anticipates that the unbilled receivables outstanding at November 1, 2014 will be substantially billed and collected within one year.

Contract Receivable Concentrations

Significant concentrations of contract receivables and the allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments are summarized in the following table.

		Balance at November 1, 2014				Balance at July 31, 2014
Region		Contract Receivables		Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Contract Adjustments		Contract Receivables		Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Contract Adjustments
United States, Canada and South America	$	46,164,762	$	1,585,604	$	43,394,442	$	1,611,068
Middle East and Africa		6,888,826		4,979,907		7,010,225		4,386,240
Asia		198,546		129,546		153,492		129,546
Totals	$	53,252,134	$	6,395,057	$	50,558,159	$	6,126,854

Combined contract receivables related to projects in the Middle East, Africa and Asia represented 14% of total contract receivables at November 1, 2014 and July 31, 2014, while the combined allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments related to these projects represented 74% of the total allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments at those same period end dates.  These allowance percentages highlight the Company’s experience of heightened operating risks (i.e., political, regulatory and cultural risks) within these foreign regions in comparison with similar risks in the United States, Canada and South America.  These heightened operating risks have resulted in increased collection risks and the Company expending resources that it may not recover for several months, or at all.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Contract Adjustments

Activity within the allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments is summarized in the following table.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014			October 31, 2013
Balance at beginning of period	$	6,126,854		$	5,592,800
Net increase (decrease) due to adjustments in the allowance for:
Contract adjustments (1)		300,016			29,728
Doubtful accounts (2)		(31,813	)		24,263
Transfer of reserves to allowance for project disallowances (3)		---			(7,500
Balance at end of period	$	6,395,057		$	5,639,291

(1) Increases (decreases) to the allowance for contract adjustments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are also recorded as (decreases) increases to revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(2) Increases (decreases) to the allowance for doubtful accounts on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are also recorded as increases (decreases) to administrative and other indirect operating expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(3) The allowance for project disallowances is included in other accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.  Refer to Note 10 of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Property, Building and Equipment, net

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Property, Building and Equipment, net [Abstract]

Property, Building and Equipment, net

6. Property, Building and Equipment, net

In November 2013, management decided to abandon the Company’s existing operating and financial software system and migrate to new system software.  The Company acquired and developed the new software during fiscal year 2014, and began utilizing the new software effective August 1, 2014 for its U.S. operations.  Although the core software modules were operating effectively as of August 1, 2014, certain operational and reporting capabilities of the new system continued to be developed during the three months ended November 1, 2014.  The process to evaluate, select and develop new operating and financial software systems for the Company’s significant foreign operations is expected to be completed in January 2015.  The Company recorded software development costs of $0.1 million and $0 in property, plant and equipment during the three months ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively.

The Company continued to utilize the previous software system through July 31, 2014, at which time the previous system was abandoned.  As a result, amortization of software development costs capitalized for the previous system was accelerated so that the system was completely amortized by July 31, 2014.  Total software amortization expense was less than $0.1 million and $0.7 million for the quarters ended November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2013, respectively.

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Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Debt and Capital Lease Obligations [Abstract]

Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

8. Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

Debt and capital lease obligations are summarized in the following table.

	Balance at
	November 1, 2014			July 31, 2014
Various bank loans and advances at interest rates ranging from 3.25% to 14%	$	412,488		$	676,874
Capital lease obligations at varying interest rates averaging 11%		222,193			165,632
		634,681			842,506
Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations		(432,514	)		(420,737	)
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations	$	202,167		$	421,769

The aggregate maturities of long-term debt and capital lease obligations as of November 1, 2014 are summarized in the following table.

November 2014 – October 2015	$	432,514
November 2015 – October 2016		142,584
November 2016 – October 2017		57,077
November 2017 – October 2018		2,506
Thereafter		---
Total	$	634,681

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) (USD $)	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014	Oct. 31, 2013	Jul. 31, 2014
Assets [Abstract]
Gross unrealized losses	$ 100,000	$ 100,000
Recurring [Member]
Assets [Abstract]
Investment securities available for sale	1,424,834		1,407,277
Recurring [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Assets [Abstract]
Investment securities available for sale	1,424,834		1,407,277
Recurring [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Assets [Abstract]
Investment securities available for sale	0		0
Recurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Assets [Abstract]
Investment securities available for sale	$ 0		$ 0

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Earnings Per Share

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

13. Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net (loss) income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc. common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period.  After consideration of all the rights and privileges of the Class A and Class B stockholders summarized in Note 12, in particular the right of the holders of the Class B common stock to elect no less than 75% of the Board of Directors making it highly unlikely that the Company will pay a dividend on Class A common stock in excess of Class B common stock, the Company allocates undistributed earnings between the classes on a one-to-one basis when computing earnings per share.  As a result, basic and fully diluted earnings per Class A and Class B share are equal amounts.

The Company has determined that its unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities. These securities shall be included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method.  The resulting impact was to include unvested restricted shares in the weighted average shares outstanding calculation.

The computation of earnings per share is included in the following table.

	Three Months Ended
	November 1, 2014		October 31, 2013
Net income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.	$	847,160	$	380,391
Dividends declared		---		---
Balance at end of period	$	847,160	$	380,391
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (basic and diluted)		4,288,371		4,261,674
Distributed earnings per share	$	---	$	---
Undistributed earnings per share		0.20		0.09
Total earnings per share	$	0.20	$	0.09

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Lines of Credit (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Lines of Credit [Abstract]

Unsecured Lines of Credit

Unsecured lines of credit are summarized in the following table.

		Balance at
		November 1, 2014		July 31, 2014
Outstanding cash draws, recorded as lines of credit on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets	$	3,103,035	$	1,572,466
Outstanding letters of credit to support operations		1,885,739		1,944,994
Total amounts used under lines of credit		4,988,774		3,517,460
Remaining amounts available under lines of credit		29,380,226		30,851,540
Total approved unsecured lines of credit	$	34,369,000	$	34,369,000

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Stock Award Plan (Details) (USD $) In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	0 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014	Jul. 31, 2014	Oct. 31, 2013	Oct. 11, 2011	Jul. 31, 2013
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Term of the award plan	5 years
Share-based award, vesting period	3 years
Excess tax benefits accumulated in Capital in Excess of Par Value	$ 0.1	$ 0.1
Maximum [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Compensation expense	0.1		0.1
Unrecognized compensation expense	0.1
Class A [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares awarded (in shares)				62,099	16,387
Shares awarded, value				$ 0.9	$ 0.2

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) (USD $)	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014	Oct. 31, 2013
Comprehensive income [Abstract]
Net income including noncontrolling interests	$ 1,136,121	$ 515,114
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(553,428)	235,914
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net	5,600	(234)
Comprehensive income	588,293	750,794
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(287,280)	(119,193)
Comprehensive income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.	$ 301,013	$ 631,601

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Recent Accounting Pronouncements [Abstract]

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted During the Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2015

In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2013-11 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists (“ASU 2013-11”).  ASU 2013-11 requires that an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, should be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward, except as follows.  To the extent a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position or the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a liability and should not be combined with deferred tax assets.  The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2013-11 effective August 1, 2014 and applied its provisions retrospectively.  The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted as of November 1, 2014

In May 2014, FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”).  ASU 2014-09 is the result of a joint project of FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and to develop a common revenue standard for use in the U.S and internationally.  ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605 of FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification”) and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification.  ASU 2014-09 enhances comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities, industries, jurisdictions and capital markets, reduces the number of requirements an entity must consider for recognizing revenue, and requires improved disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue that is recognized.  ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within the annual reporting period.  The Company intends to adopt the provisions of ASU 2014-09 effective August 1, 2017.  ASU 2014-09 requires either retrospective application by restating each prior period presented in the financial statements, or retrospective application by recording the cumulative effect on prior reporting periods to beginning retained earnings in the year that the standard becomes effective.  Management is currently assessing the provisions of ASU 2014-09 and has not yet estimated its impact.

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Debt and Capital Lease Obligations (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Debt and Capital Lease Obligations [Abstract]

Debt Inclusive of Capital Lease Obligations

Debt and capital lease obligations are summarized in the following table.

	Balance at
	November 1, 2014			July 31, 2014
Various bank loans and advances at interest rates ranging from 3.25% to 14%	$	412,488		$	676,874
Capital lease obligations at varying interest rates averaging 11%		222,193			165,632
		634,681			842,506
Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations		(432,514	)		(420,737	)
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations	$	202,167		$	421,769

Aggregate Maturities of Long-term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

The aggregate maturities of long-term debt and capital lease obligations as of November 1, 2014 are summarized in the following table.

November 2014 – October 2015	$	432,514
November 2015 – October 2016		142,584
November 2016 – October 2017		57,077
November 2017 – October 2018		2,506
Thereafter		---
Total	$	634,681

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Debt and Capital Lease Obligations (Details) (USD $)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2014	Jul. 31, 2013	Jul. 31, 2014
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term Debt, Current and Noncurrent	$ 634,681		$ 842,506
Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations	(432,514)		(420,737)
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations	202,167		421,769
Interest rate, minimum (in hundredths)	2.50%
Interest rate, maximum (in hundredths)	3.00%
Long-term Debt, by Maturity [Abstract]
November 2014 - October 2015	432,514
November 2015 - October 2016	142,584
November 2016 - October 2017	57,077
November 2017 - October 2018	2,506
Thereafter	0
Total	634,681		842,506
Various Bank Loans and Advances [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term Debt, Current and Noncurrent	412,488		676,874
Interest rate, minimum (in hundredths)	3.25%	3.25%
Interest rate, maximum (in hundredths)	14.00%	14.00%
Long-term Debt, by Maturity [Abstract]
Total	412,488		676,874
Capital Lease Obligations [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term Debt, Current and Noncurrent	222,193		165,632
Average interest rate (in hundredths)	11.00%		11.00%
Long-term Debt, by Maturity [Abstract]
Total	$ 222,193		$ 165,632

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Shareholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

Nov. 01, 2014

Shareholders' Equity [Abstract]

Shareholders' Equity

12. Shareholders' Equity

Class A and Class B Common Stock

The relative rights, preferences and limitations of the Company's Class A and Class B common stock are summarized as follows: Holders of Class A shares are entitled to elect 25% of the Board of Directors so long as the number of outstanding Class A shares is at least 10% of the combined total number of outstanding Class A and Class B common shares. Holders of Class A common shares have one-tenth the voting power of Class B common shares with respect to most other matters.

In addition, Class A shares are eligible to receive dividends in excess of (and not less than) those paid to holders of Class B shares. Holders of Class B shares have the option to convert at any time, each share of Class B common stock into one share of Class A common stock. Upon sale or transfer, shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert into an equal number of shares of Class A common stock, except that sales or transfers of Class B common stock to an existing holder of Class B common stock or to an immediate family member will not cause such shares to automatically convert into Class A common stock.

Restrictive Shareholder Agreement

Messrs. Gerhard J. Neumaier (deceased), Frank B. Silvestro, Ronald L. Frank, and Gerald A. Strobel entered into a Stockholders’ Agreement dated May 12, 1970, as amended January 24, 2011, which governs the sale of certain shares of Ecology and Environment, Inc. common stock (now classified as Class B Common Stock) owned by them, certain children of those individuals and any such shares subsequently transferred to their spouses and/or children outright or in trust for their benefit upon the demise of a signatory to the Agreement (“Permitted Transferees”).  The Agreement provides that prior to accepting a bona fide offer to purchase some or all of their shares of Class B Common Stock governed by the Agreement, that the selling party must first allow the other signatories to the Agreement (not including any Permitted Transferee) the opportunity to acquire on a pro rata basis, with right of over-allotment, all of such shares covered by the offer on the same terms and conditions proposed by the offer.

Cash Dividends

The Company did not declare any cash or non-cash dividends during the three months ended November 1, 2014 or October 31, 2013.  The Company paid dividends of $1.0 million in August 2013 and 2012 that were declared and accrued in prior periods.  The Company paid dividends of $1.0 million in August 2014 and 2013 that were declared and accrued in prior periods.

Stock Repurchase

In August 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a program for repurchase of 200,000 shares of Class A common stock.  As of November 1, 2014, the Company repurchased 122,918 shares of Class A stock, and 77,082 shares had yet to be repurchased under this program.  The Company did not acquire any Class A shares under this program during the three months ended November 1, 2014 or October 31, 2013. 

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests are disclosed as a separate component of consolidated shareholders’ equity on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.  Earnings and other comprehensive (loss) income are separately attributed to both the controlling and noncontrolling interests.  Earnings per share is calculated based on net (loss) income attributable to the Company’s controlling interests.

Transactions to acquire ownership interest from noncontrolling shareholders during the three months ended November 1, 2014 and during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014, which were recorded at amounts that approximated fair value, are summarized in the following table.

	Three Months Ended November 1, 2014		Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2014
Purchases of noncontrolling interests:
Purchase of 344 Walsh common shares (1)	$	---	$	5,653
Purchase of 3,705 Walsh common shares (2)		---		1,120,749
Purchase of 100 Walsh common shares (3)		---		30,250
Total purchases of additional noncontrolling interests (4)	$	---	$	1,156,652

(1) In January 2014, EEI purchased an additional 0.9% of Walsh Environmental Scientists and Engineers, LLC (“Walsh”) from noncontrolling shareholders for $0.1 million in cash.  Walsh became a wholly-owned subsidiary of EEI as a result of these transactions.

(2) In October 2013, EEI purchased an additional 9.4% of Walsh for $1.6 million.  The purchase price was paid as follows: (i) one third in cash payable on the transaction consummation date; (ii) one third payable with EEI Common Stock on the transaction consummation date; and (iii) one third payable with a promissory note payable in two annual installments of one half the principal plus interest accrued at 3.25% per annum.

(3) In October 2013, EEI purchased an additional 0.2% of Walsh for less than $0.1 million in cash.

(4) Purchases of additional noncontrolling interests are recorded as reductions of shareholders’ equity on the condensed consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity.