|
Includes cumulative appreciation (depreciation) of futures contracts as reported in the Schedule of Investments. Only variation margin on December 31, 2024 is reported within the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. |
|
Includes cumulative appreciation (depreciation) of swap agreements as reported in the Schedule of Investments. Only variation margin on December 31, 2024 is reported within the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. |
|
Amount disclosed represents average number of contracts or notional amounts, which are representative of the volume traded for the year ended December 31, 2024. |
Counterparty Credit Risk:
Derivative contracts may be exposed to counterparty credit risk. Losses can occur if the counterparty does not perform under the contract.
The Fund’s risk of loss from counterparty credit risk on OTC derivatives is generally limited to the aggregate unrealized gain netted against any collateral held by the Fund.
With exchange-traded futures and centrally cleared swaps, there is less counterparty credit risk to the Fund since the exchange or clearinghouse, as counterparty to such instruments, guarantees against a possible default. The clearinghouse stands between the buyer and the seller of the contract; therefore, the credit risk is limited to failure of the clearinghouse. While offset rights may exist under applicable law, the Fund does not have a contractual right of offset against a clearing broker or clearinghouse in the event of a default (including the bankruptcy or insolvency) of the clearing broker or clearinghouse. Additionally, credit risk
37
TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 2 — Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
exists in exchange-traded futures and centrally cleared swaps with respect to initial and variation margin that is held in a clearing broker’s customer accounts. While clearing brokers are required to segregate customer margin from their own assets, in the event that a clearing broker becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy and at that time there is a shortfall in the aggregate amount of margin held by the clearing broker for all its clients, typically the shortfall would be allocated on a pro rata basis across all the clearing broker’s customers, potentially resulting in losses to the Fund.
For OTC derivatives, the Fund mitigates its counterparty risk by entering into an International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. Master Agreement (“ISDA Master Agreement”) or similar agreement with each counterparty. An ISDA Master Agreement is a bilateral agreement between the Fund and a counterparty that governs OTC derivatives and typically contains, among other things, collateral posting terms and netting provisions in the event of a default and/or termination event. Under an ISDA Master Agreement, the Fund may, under certain circumstances, offset with the counterparty certain derivative financial instruments’ payables and/or receivables with collateral held and/or posted and create one single net payment. The provisions of the ISDA Master Agreement typically permit a single net payment in the event of default including the bankruptcy or insolvency of the counterparty. However, bankruptcy or insolvency laws of a particular jurisdiction may impose restrictions on or prohibitions against the right of offset in bankruptcy, insolvency or other events. In addition, certain ISDA Master Agreements allow counterparties to OTC derivatives to terminate derivative contracts prior to maturity in the event the Fund’s net assets decline by a stated percentage or the Fund fails to meet the terms of its ISDA Master Agreements, which would cause the Fund to accelerate payment of any net liability owed to the counterparty.
For derivatives traded under an ISDA Master Agreement, the collateral requirements are typically calculated by netting the
amount for each transaction under such agreement and comparing that amount to the value of any collateral pledged or received by the Fund.
Cash collateral that has been pledged to cover obligations of the Fund is reported separately on the Statement of Assets and Liabilities.
Non-cash
collateral pledged by the Fund, if any, is noted in the Schedule of Investments. Generally, the amount of collateral due from or to a party has to exceed a minimum transfer amount threshold, typically $250,000 or $500,000, before a transfer is required, which is determined at the close of each business day and the collateral is transferred on the next business day. To the extent amounts due to the Fund from its counterparties are not fully collateralized, contractually or otherwise, the Fund bears the risk of loss from counterparty
non-performance.
The Fund attempts to mitigate counterparty risk by entering into agreements only with counterparties that the Advisor believes have the financial resources to honor their obligations and by monitoring the financial stability of those counterparties. For financial reporting purposes, the Fund does not offset derivative assets and derivative liabilities that are subject to netting arrangements in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. The Fund has implemented the disclosure requirements pursuant to ASC 210 Balance Sheet (“
”), Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities that requires disclosures to make financial statements that are prepared under GAAP more comparable to those prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards.
Master Agreements and Netting Arrangements
. The Fund is party to various agreements, including but not limited to International Swaps and Derivatives Association Agreements and related Credit Support Annex, Master Repurchase Agreements, and Master Securities Forward Transactions Agreements (collectively
38
TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.
December 31, 2024
Note 2 — Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
“Master Agreements”), which govern the terms of certain transactions with select counterparties. These Master Agreements generally include provisions for general obligations, representations, agreements, collateral, and certain events of default or termination. These Master Agreements also include provisions for netting arrangements that help reduce credit and counterparty risk associated with relevant transactions (“netting arrangements”). The netting arrangements are generally tied to credit-related events that, if triggered, would cause an event of default or termination giving a Fund or counterparty the right to terminate early and cause settlement, on a net basis, of all transactions under the applicable Master Agreement. In the event of an early termination as a result of an event of default under the Master Agreement, the total value exposure of all transactions will be offset against collateral exchanged to date, which would result in a net receivable or payable that would be due from or to the counterparty. However, bankruptcy or insolvency laws of a particular jurisdiction may impose restrictions on or prohibitions against the right of offset in the event of a bankruptcy or insolvency of the counterparty. Credit related events include, but are not limited to, bankruptcy, failure to make timely payments, restructuring, obligation acceleration, obligation default, a material decline in net assets, decline in credit rating or repudiation/ moratorium. Any election made by a counterparty to early terminate the transactions under a Master Agreement could have a material adverse impact on a Fund’s financial statements. A Fund’s overall exposure to credit risk subject to netting arrangements can change substantially within a short period, as it is affected by each transaction subject to the arrangement.
Master Agreements can also help limit counterparty risk by specifying collateral posting arrangements at
pre-arranged
exposure levels. Under the Master Agreements, collateral is routinely transferred if the total net exposure to certain transactions under the relevant Master Agreement with a counterparty in a given Fund exceeds a specified threshold, net of collateral already in place, typically $250,000 or $500,000 depending on the counterparty and the type of Master Agreement. Collateral under the Master Agreements is usually in the form of cash or U.S. Treasury Bills but could include other types of securities. If permitted under the Master Agreement, certain funds may rehypothecate cash collateral received from a counterparty. The value of all derivative transactions outstanding under a Master Agreement is calculated daily to determine the amount of collateral to be received or pledged by the counterparty. Posting of collateral for OTC derivative transactions are covered under
tri-party
collateral agreements between the Fund, the Fund’s custodian, and each counterparty. Collateral for centrally cleared derivatives transactions are posted with the applicable derivatives clearing organization.
The following table presents the Fund’s OTC derivative assets by counterparty net of amounts available for offset under an ISDA Master Agreement or similar agreement and net of the related collateral received or pledged by the Fund as of December 31, 2024:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivatives Assets
(Liabilities) Available
for Offset |
|
|
|
|
Bank of New York |
|
$ |
2,250 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(2,206 |
) |
|
$ |
44 |
|
Citibank N.A. |
|
|
401,050 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(5,441 |
) |
|
|
395,609 |
|
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
|
|
59,428 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(820 |
) |
|
|
58,608 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
462,728 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(8,467 |
) |
|
$ |
454,261 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Excess of collateral received for individual counterparty may not be shown for financial reporting purposes. |
|
Represents the net amount receivable from the counterparty in the event of default. |
39
TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 2 — Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
The following table presents the Fund’s OTC derivative liabilities by counterparty net of amounts available for offset under an ISDA Master Agreement or similar agreement and net of the related collateral received or pledged by the Fund as of December 31, 2024:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivatives (Assets)
Liabilities Available
for Offset |
|
|
|
|
Bank of America N.A. |
|
$ |
2,013 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
2,013 |
|
Bank of New York |
|
|
2,206 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(2,206 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Citibank N.A. |
|
|
5,441 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(5,441 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
|
|
820 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(820 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
10,480 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(8,467 |
) |
|
$ |
2,013 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Excess of collateral pledged for individual counterparty may not be shown for financial reporting purposes. |
|
Represents the net amount receivable from the counterparty in the event of default. |
Note 3 — Portfolio Investments
Mortgage-Backed and Other Asset-Backed Securities:
The Fund may invest in MBS, which represent interests in pools of mortgages in which payments of both principal and interest on the securities are generally made monthly, in effect “passing through” monthly payments made by borrowers on the residential or commercial mortgage loans which underlie the securities (net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities). Mortgage pass-through securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. The Fund may also invest in Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”). CMOs are debt obligations collateralized by residential or commercial mortgage loans or residential or commercial mortgage pass-through securities. Interest and principal are generally paid monthly. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans or private mortgage pass-through securities but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) or Federal National Mortgage Corporation (Fannie Mae). The issuer of a series of CMOs may elect to be treated for tax purposes as a Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit. CMOs are structured into multiple classes, each bearing a different stated maturity. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity classes usually receive principal only after shorter classes have been retired. An investor may be partially protected against a sooner than desired return of principal because of the sequential payments. The Fund may invest in stripped MBS. Stripped MBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. In certain cases, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest only or “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal only or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on IOs is sensitive to the rate of principal repayments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and principal payments may have a material effect on yield to maturity. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may not fully recoup its initial investment in IOs. MBS and other ABS held by the Fund at December 31, 2024 are listed in the Fund’s Schedule of Investments.
40
TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.
December 31, 2024
Note 3 — Portfolio Investments (Continued)
When-Issued, Delayed-Delivery, To Be Announced (“TBA”) and Forward Commitment Transactions:
The Fund may enter into when-issued, delayed-delivery, TBA or forward commitment transactions in order to lock in the purchase price of the underlying security or to adjust the interest rate exposure of the Fund’s existing portfolio. In when-issued, delayed-delivery, TBA or forward commitment transactions, the Fund commits to purchase or sell particular securities, with payment and delivery to take place at a future date. Although the Fund does not pay for the securities or start earning interest on them until they are delivered, it immediately assumes the risks of ownership, including the risk of price fluctuation. If the Fund’s counterparty fails to deliver a security purchased on a when-issued, delayed-delivery, TBA or forward commitment basis, there may be a loss, and the Fund may have missed an opportunity to make an alternative investment.
Prior to settlement of these transactions, the value of the subject securities will fluctuate with market conditions. In addition, because the Fund is not required to pay for when-issued, delayed-delivery, TBA or forward commitment securities until the delivery date, they may result in a form of leverage to the extent the Fund does not set aside liquid assets to cover the commitment. To guard against this deemed leverage, the Fund monitors the obligations under these transactions on a daily basis and ensures that the Fund has sufficient liquid assets to cover them.
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements under the terms of a Master Repurchase Agreement (“MRA”). In a repurchase agreement, the Fund purchases a security from a counterparty who agrees to repurchase the same security at a mutually agreed upon date and price. The MRA permits the Fund, under certain circumstances including an event of default (such as bankruptcy or insolvency), to offset payables and/or receivables under the MRA with collateral held and/or posted to the counterparty and create one single net payment due to or from the Fund. However, bankruptcy or insolvency laws of a particular jurisdiction may impose restrictions on or prohibitions against such a right of offset in the event of the MRA counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency. Pursuant to the terms of the MRA, the Fund receives securities as collateral with a market value in excess of the repurchase price. Upon a bankruptcy or insolvency of the MRA counterparty, the Fund recognizes a liability with respect to such excess collateral to reflect the Fund’s obligation under bankruptcy law to return the excess to the counterparty. The Fund had no repurchase agreements outstanding as of December 31, 2024.
The Fund may lend its securities to qualified brokers. The loans must be collateralized at all times primarily with cash although the Fund can accept money market instruments or U.S. Government securities with a market value at least equal to the market value of the securities on loan. As with any extensions of credit, the Fund may bear the risk of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the collateral if the borrowers of the securities fail financially. The Fund earns additional income for lending its securities by investing the cash collateral in short-term investments. The Fund did not lend any securities during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Forward Currency Exchange Contracts:
The Fund enters into forward currency exchange contracts as a hedge against fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Forward currency exchange contracts are
daily and the change in market value is recorded by the Fund as unrealized gains or losses in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. When a contract is closed or delivery is taken, the Fund records a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the value of the contract at the time it was opened and the value at the time it was closed. Risks may arise upon entering into these contracts from the
41
TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 3 — Portfolio Investments (Continued)
potential inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts and from unanticipated movements in the value of the foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar. Outstanding forward currency exchange contracts at December 31, 2024 are disclosed in the Schedule of Investments.
The Fund may enter into futures contracts.
The Fund may seek to manage a variety of different risks through the use of futures contracts, such as interest rate risk, equity price risk, and currency risk. The Fund may use index futures to hedge against broad market risks to its portfolio or to gain broad market exposure. Securities index futures contracts are contracts to buy or sell units of a securities index at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made, and are settled in cash. Positions in futures may be closed out only on an exchange or board of trade which provides a secondary market for such futures. Because futures contracts are exchange-traded, they typically have minimal exposure to counterparty risk. Parties to a futures contract are not required to post the entire notional amount of the contract, but rather a small percentage of that amount (by way of margin), both at the time they enter into futures transactions, and then on a daily basis if their positions decline in value; as a result, futures contracts are highly leveraged. Such payments are known as variation margin and are recorded by the Fund as unrealized gains or losses. Because futures markets are highly leveraged, they can be extremely volatile, and there can be no assurance that the pricing of a futures contract will correlate precisely with the pricing of the asset or index underlying it or the asset or liability of the Fund that is the subject of the hedge. It may not always be possible for the Fund to enter into a closing transaction with respect to a futures contract it has entered into at a favorable time or price. When the Fund enters into a futures transaction, it is subject to the risk that the value of the futures contract will move in a direction unfavorable to it.
When the Fund uses futures contracts for hedging purposes, it is likely that the Fund will have an asset or liability that will offset any loss (or gain) on the transactions, at least in part. When a futures contract is closed, the Fund records a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the value of the contract at the time it was opened and the value at the time it was closed. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Fund utilized treasury futures to help manage interest rate duration and credit market exposure. Futures contracts outstanding at December 31, 2024 are listed in the Fund’s Schedule of Investments.
The Fund may purchase and sell put and call options on a security or an index of securities to enhance investment performance and/or to protect against changes in market prices. The Fund may also enter into currency options to hedge against or to take advantage of currency fluctuations.
A call option gives the holder the right to purchase, and obligates the writer to sell, a security at the strike price at any time before the expiration date. A put option gives the holder the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, a security at the exercise price at any time before the expiration date. A Fund may purchase put options to protect portfolio holdings against a decline in market value of a security or securities held by it. A Fund may also purchase a put option hoping to profit from an anticipated decline in the value of the underlying security. If a Fund holds the security underlying the option, the option premium and any transaction costs will reduce any profit the Fund might have realized had it sold the underlying security instead of buying the put option. A Fund may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities that the Fund ultimately wants to buy. A Fund may also purchase a call option as a long directional investment hoping to profit from an anticipated increase in the value of the underlying security. In order for a call option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. These costs will reduce any profit a Fund might have realized had it bought the underlying security at the time it purchased the call option.
42
TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.
December 31, 2024
Note 3 — Portfolio Investments (Continued)
Purchasing foreign currency options gives a Fund the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell specified amounts of currency at a rate of exchange that may be exercised by a certain date. These currency options may be used as a short or long hedge against possible variations in foreign exchange rates or to gain exposure to foreign currencies.
When a Fund purchases an option, it runs the risk that it will lose its entire investment in the option in a relatively short period of time, unless the Fund exercises the option or enters into a closing sale transaction before the option’s expiration. If the price of the underlying security does not rise (in the case of a call) or fall (in the case of a put) to an extent sufficient to cover the option premium and transaction costs, the Fund will lose part or all of its investment in the option. Premiums paid for purchasing options that expire are treated as realized losses.
Options purchased or sold by a Fund may be traded on a securities or options exchange. Such options typically have minimal exposure to counterparty risk. However, an exchange or market may at times find it necessary to impose restrictions on particular types of options transactions, such as opening transactions. If an underlying security ceases to meet qualifications imposed by an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation, new series of options on that security will no longer be opened to replace the expiring series, and opening transactions in existing series may be prohibited.
OTC options are options not traded on exchanges or backed by clearinghouses. Rather, they are entered into directly between a Fund and the counterparty to the option. In the case of an OTC option purchased by a Fund, the value of the option to the Fund will depend on the willingness and ability of the option writer to perform its obligations to the Fund. In addition, OTC options may not be transferable and there may be little or no secondary market for them, so they may be considered illiquid. It may not be possible to enter into closing transactions with respect to OTC options or otherwise to terminate such options, and as a result a Fund may be required to remain obligated on an unfavorable OTC option until its expiration. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Fund entered into written option contracts to gain exposure to the equity market.
The Fund may enter into swap agreements. Swap agreements are typically
two-party
contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a “notional amount” (i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate or in a “basket” of securities representing a particular index).
In a total return swap, one party typically agrees to pay to the other a short-term interest rate in return for a payment at one or more times in the future based on the increase in the value of an underlying security or other asset, or index of securities or assets; if the underlying security, asset, or index declines in value, the party that pays the short-term interest rate must also pay to its counterparty a payment based on the amount of the decline. The Fund may take either side of such a swap, and so may take a long or short position in the underlying security, asset, or index. The Fund may enter into a total return swap to hedge against an exposure in its portfolio — such as interest rate risk (including to adjust the duration or credit quality of the Fund’s bond portfolio), equity risk, or credit risk — or generally to put cash to work efficiently in the markets in anticipation of, or as a replacement for, cash investments. The Fund may also enter into a
43
TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 3 — Portfolio Investments (Continued)
total return swap to gain exposure to securities or markets in which it might not be able to invest directly (in
so-called
market access transactions).
Interest rate swaps are agreements in which one party pays a floating rate of interest on a notional principal amount and receives a fixed rate of interest on the same notional principal amount for a specified period of time. Alternatively, a party may pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate. In more complex swaps, the notional principal amount may decline (or amortize) over time. The Fund’s maximum risk of loss due to counterparty default is the discounted NAV of the cash flows paid to/received from the counterparty over the interest rate swap’s remaining life.
The Fund may enter into credit default swap transactions as a “buyer” or “seller” of credit protection. In a credit default swap, one party provides what is in effect insurance against a default or other adverse credit event affecting an issuer of debt securities (typically referred to as a “reference entity”). In general, the buyer of credit protection is obligated to pay the protection seller an upfront amount or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the swap. If a “credit event” occurs, the buyer has the right to deliver to the seller bonds (or other obligations of the reference entity with a value up to the full notional value of the swap), and to receive a payment equal to the par value of the bonds or other obligations. Credit events that would trigger a request that the seller make payment are specific to each credit default swap agreement, but generally include bankruptcy, failure to pay, restructuring, obligation acceleration, obligation default, or repudiation/moratorium. When the Fund buys protection, it may or may not own securities of the reference entity. When the Fund sells protection under a credit default swap, the position may have the effect of creating leverage in the Fund’s portfolio through the Fund’s indirect long exposure to the issuer or securities on which the swap is written. When the Fund sells protection, it may do so either to earn additional income or to create such a “synthetic” long position.
Whenever the Fund enters into a swap agreement, it takes on counterparty risk — the risk that its counterparty will be unable or unwilling to meet its obligations under the swap agreement. The Fund also takes the risk that the market will move against its position in the swap agreement. In the case of a total return swap, the swap will change in value depending on the change in value of the asset or index on which the swap is written. When the Fund enters into any type of swap for hedging purposes, it is likely that the Fund will have an asset or liability that will offset any loss (or gain) on the swap, at least in part. Swap agreements may be
non-transferable
or otherwise highly illiquid, and the Fund may not be able to terminate or transfer a swap agreement at any particular time or at an acceptable price.
During the term of a swap transaction, changes in the value of the swap are recognized as unrealized gains or losses by
to reflect the market value of the swap. When the swap is terminated, the Fund will record a realized gain or loss equal to the difference, if any, between the proceeds from (or cost of) the closing transaction and the Fund’s basis in the agreement. Upfront swap premium payments paid or received by the Fund, if any, are recorded within the value of the open swap agreement on the Fund’s Statement of Assets and Liabilities and represent payments paid or received upon entering into the swap agreement to compensate for differences between stated terms of the swap agreement and prevailing market conditions (credit spreads, currency exchange rates, and other relevant factors). These upfront payments are recorded as realized gains or losses on the Fund’s Statement of Operations upon termination or maturity of the swap agreement.
44
TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.
December 31, 2024
Note 3 — Portfolio Investments (Continued)
During the term of a swap transaction, the periodic net payments can be made for a set period of time or may be triggered by a predetermined credit event. The net periodic payments may be based on a fixed or variable interest rate, the change in market value of a specified security, basket of securities or index, or the return generated by a security. These periodic payments received or made by the Fund are recorded as realized gains and losses, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Fund entered into interest rate swaps to manage duration, the yield curve or interest rate risk by economically hedging the value of the fixed-rate bonds which may decrease when interest rates rise (interest rate risk). Outstanding swap agreements at December 31, 2024 are disclosed in the Schedule of Investments.
Note 4 — Investment Objective, Investment Strategy, and Risk Considerations
The Fund’s investment objective is to seek a total return comprised of current income and capital appreciation.
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in a wide range of securities, including securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities (“U.S. Government Securities”), investment-grade corporate debt securities, high yield corporate debt securities,
non-U.S.
developed and emerging market debt mortgage-related securities, asset-backed securities, marketable small-,
mid-
and large-capitalization equity securities, convertible securities, money market securities, repurchase agreements, other securities and derivative instruments without limit believed by the Fund’s investment adviser to be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. The Fund will shift and reallocate its investments on an opportunistic basis and may invest in additional asset classes other than those identified above. The Fund may also employ leverage up to 33% of its total assets (including assets purchased with borrowings). The Fund has a stated goal of providing dependable, but not assured, quarterly distributions out of accumulated net investment income and/or other sources, subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act.
The Fund’s investments will fluctuate with market conditions, and so will the value of your investment in the Fund. You could lose money on your investment in the Fund or the Fund could underperform other investments.
The Fund’s investments in illiquid securities may reduce the returns of the Fund because it may not be able to sell the illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price. Investments in high-yield securities, foreign securities, derivatives or other securities with substantial market and/or credit risk tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk. Certain investments in private placements and Rule 144A securities may be considered illiquid investments. The Fund may invest in private placements and Rule 144A securities.
The values of the Fund’s investments fluctuate in response to movements in interest rates. If rates rise, the values of debt securities generally fall. The longer the average duration of the Fund’s investment portfolio, the greater the change in value.
Mortgage-Backed and Other Asset-Backed Securities Risk:
The Fund may in
v
est in MBS or other ABS. The values of some mortgage-backed securities or other asset-backed securities may expose the Fund to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of principal. When interest rates rise, the value of mortgage-related securities generally will decline; however, when interest rates are declining, the value of mortgage-related securities with prepayment features may not increase as much as other fixed-income securities. The rate of prepayments on underlying mortgages will affect the price and volatility of a mortgage-related security, and
45
TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 4 — Investment Objective, Investment Strategy, and Risk Considerations (Continued)
may shorten or extend the effective maturity of the security beyond what was anticipated at the time of purchase. The value of these securities may fluctuate in response to the market’s perception of the creditworthiness of the issuers. Additionally, although mortgages and mortgage-related securities are generally supported by some form of government or private guarantee and/or insurance, there is no assurance that private guarantors or insurers will meet their obligations.
Use of derivatives, which at times is an important part of the Fund’s investment strategy, involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Investments in derivatives could cause the Fund to lose more than the principal amount invested. Also, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its objective through the use of the derivatives.
The values of any of the Fund’s investments may also decline in response to events affecting the issuer or its credit rating. The lower-rated debt securities in which the Fund may invest are considered speculative and are subject to greater volatility and risk of loss than investment-grade securities, particularly in deteriorating economic conditions. The value of some mortgage-related securities in which the Fund invests also may fall because of unanticipated levels of principal prepayments that can occur when interest rates decline. The Fund invests a material portion of its assets in securities of issuers that hold mortgage- and asset-backed securities and direct investments in securities backed by commercial and residential mortgage loans and other financial assets. The value and related income of these securities are sensitive to changes in economic conditions, including delinquencies and/or defaults. Continuing shifts in the market’s perception of credit quality on securities backed by commercial and residential mortgage loans and other financial assets may result in increased volatility of market prices and periods of illiquidity that can negatively impact the valuation of certain issuers held by the Fund.
MBS and ABS are characterized and classified in a variety of different ways. These classifications include a view of the securities’ cash flow structure (pass-through, sequential pay, prepayment-protected, interest only, principal only, etc.), the security of the claim on the underlying assets (senior, mezzanine and subordinated), as well as types of underlying collateral (prime conforming loans, prime
non-conforming
loans,
Alt-A
loans, subprime loans, commercial loans, etc.). In many cases, the classification incorporates a degree of subjectivity: a particular loan might be categorized as “prime” by the underwriting standards of one mortgage issuer while another might classify the loan as “subprime.” In addition to other functions, the risk associated with an investment in a mortgage loan must take into account the nature of the collateral, the form and the level of credit enhancement, the vintage of the loan, the geography of the loan, the purpose of the loan (refinance versus purchase versus equity takeout), the borrower’s credit quality (e.g., FICO score), and whether the loan is a first trust deed or a second lien.
The Fund may be exposed to counterparty risk, the risk that an entity with which the Fund has unsettled or open transactions may not fulfill its obligations.
Note 5 — Federal Income Taxes
It is the policy of the Fund to comply with the requirements under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code applicable to regulated investment companies and to distribute all of its net taxable income, including any net realized gains on investments, to its shareholders. Therefore, no federal income tax provision is required.
46
TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.
December 31, 2024
Note 5 — Federal Income Taxes (Continued)
The following table shows character of distributed and undistributed amounts on a tax basis:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Amount Distributed During
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Year Ended
December 31,
2024 |
|
|
Year Ended
December 31,
2023 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Income |
|
$ |
18,397,395 |
|
|
$ |
16,963,831 |
|
|
$ |
364,734 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
Capital Gain |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
18,397,395 |
|
|
$ |
16,963,831 |
|
|
$ |
364,734 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2024, net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) for federal income tax purposes is comprised of the following components:
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized appreciation |
|
$ |
8,650,046 |
|
Unrealized (depreciation) |
|
|
(36,914,192 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized depreciation |
|
$ |
(28,264,146 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of Investments for Federal Income Tax Purposes |
|
$ |
311,395,633 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following reclassifications have been made for the permanent difference between book and tax accounting as of December 31, 2024:
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Distributions in Excess of Net Investment Income |
|
$ |
3,366,858 |
|
Accumulated Net Realized Loss on Investments |
|
$ |
(3,366,858 |
) |
Paid in Capital |
|
$ |
— |
|
At December 31, 2024, the Fund had short-term and long-term realized capital losses that will be carried forward indefinitely for federal income tax purposes of $0 and $1,357,941, respectively.
The Fund did not have any unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2024, nor were there any increases or decreases in unrecognized tax benefits for the period then ended; and therefore no interest or penalties were accrued. The Fund is subject to examination by U.S. Federal and state tax authorities for returns filed for the prior three and four fiscal years, respectively.
Note 6 — Investment Advisory and Service Fees
As compensation for the investment advisory services rendered, facilities provided, and expenses borne, the Advisor is paid a monthly fee by the Fund computed at the annual rate of 0.75% of the first $100 million of the Fund’s average managed assets and 0.50% of the Fund’s average managed assets in excess of $100 million.
Note 7 — Purchases and Sales of Securities
For the year ended December 31, 2024 purchases and sales or maturities of investment securities (excluding short-term investments) aggregated to $46,168,120 and $68,864,058, respectively, for
non-U.S.
Government securities, and aggregated to $600,515,110 and $580,595,268, respectively, for U.S. Government securities.
Directors who are not affiliated with the Advisor received, as a group, fees and expenses of $81,534 from the Fund for the year ended December 31, 2024. Directors may elect to defer receipt of their fees in accordance
47
TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 8 — Directors’ Fees (Continued)
with the terms of a
Non-Qualified
Deferred Compensation Plan. Deferred compensation is included within Accrued Directors’ Fees and Expenses in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Certain Officers and/or Directors of the Fund are also Officers and/or Directors of the Advisor but do not receive any compensation from the Fund.
Note 9 — Restricted Securities
The Fund is permitted to invest in securities that have legal or contractual restrictions on resale. These securities may be sold privately, but are required to be registered before being sold to the public (exemption rules apply). Private placement securities are generally considered to be restricted except for those securities traded between qualified institutional investors under the provisions of Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). However, the Fund considers 144A securities to be restricted if those securities have been deemed illiquid. Disposal of these securities may involve time-consuming negotiations and expense, and prompt sale at an acceptable price may be difficult. Restricted securities held by the Fund at December 31, 2024 are listed below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Academic Loan Funding Trust, Series 2012-1A, Class R, 0.00%, due 12/27/2044 |
|
|
11/1/2022 |
|
|
$ |
735,000 |
|
|
$ |
267,419 |
|
|
|
0.12% |
|
Sunac China Holdings Ltd., 1.00%, due 9/30/2027 |
|
|
11/2/2021 |
|
|
$ |
16,327 |
|
|
$ |
2,516 |
|
|
|
0.00% |
|
Sunac China Holdings Ltd., 6.00%, due 9/30/2026 |
|
|
11/2/2021 |
|
|
$ |
15,102 |
|
|
$ |
2,677 |
|
|
|
0.00% |
|
Sunac China Holdings Ltd., 6.25%, due 9/30/2027 |
|
|
11/2/2021 |
|
|
$ |
13,024 |
|
|
$ |
2,646 |
|
|
|
0.00% |
|
Sunac China Holdings Ltd., 6.50%, due 9/30/2027 |
|
|
11/2/2021 |
|
|
$ |
23,875 |
|
|
$ |
5,025 |
|
|
|
0.00% |
|
Sunac China Holdings Ltd., 6.75%, due 9/30/2028 |
|
|
11/2/2021 |
|
|
$ |
30,844 |
|
|
$ |
7,217 |
|
|
|
0.00% |
|
Sunac China Holdings Ltd., 7.00%, due 9/30/2029 |
|
|
11/2/2021 |
|
|
$ |
29,273 |
|
|
$ |
6,731 |
|
|
|
0.00% |
|
Sunac China Holdings Ltd., 7.25%, due 9/30/2030 |
|
|
11/2/2021 |
|
|
$ |
12,618 |
|
|
$ |
3,068 |
|
|
|
0.00% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
876,063 |
|
|
$ |
297,299 |
|
|
|
0.12% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
