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Intangible Assets and Goodwill
9 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets and Goodwill Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Intangible assets arose from the acquisition of SDI in fiscal year 2019 and the acquisitions of S&N and EMCORE Chicago in fiscal year 2022 and are reported within the A&D segment. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of: (a) 7.0 years for patents, (b) 8.0 years for customer relationships, and (c) 2.0-8.0 years for technology. In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) is indefinite-lived until completion of the related development project, at which point amortization of the carrying value of the technology will commence. Trademarks are indefinite-lived.

The following table summarizes changes in intangible assets, net:
(in thousands)June 30, 2023September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of period$14,790 $167 
Changes from acquisition1,47014,740
Amortization(966)(117)
Balance at end of period$15,294 $14,790 

The weighted average remaining useful lives by definite-lived intangible asset category are as follows:
June 30, 2023
(in thousands, except weighted average remaining life)Weighted Average Remaining Life (in years)Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Book Value
Technology2.7$11,001 $(8,750)$2,251 
Customer relationships3.84,690 (527)4,163 
Definite-lived intangible assets total$15,691 $(9,277)$6,414 

As of June 30, 2023, IPR&D and trademarks were approximately $6.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

September 30, 2022
(in thousands, except weighted average remaining life)Weighted Average Remaining Life (in years)Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Book Value
Technology5.4$10,991 $(8,261)$2,730 
Customer relationships4.63,260 (50)3,210 
Definite-lived intangible assets total$14,251 $(8,311)$5,940 
As of September 30, 2022, IPR&D and trademarks were approximately $6.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

Estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets recorded by the Company as of June 30, 2023 is as follows:
(in thousands)Amount
2023$309 
20241,218 
20251,192 
2026790 
2027766 
Thereafter2,139 
Total amortization expense$6,414 

Goodwill is recorded when the consideration for an acquisition exceeds the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. None of the Company's goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. The following table summarizes changes in goodwill:
(in thousands)June 30, 2023September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of period$17,894 $69 
Adjustments to preliminary purchase price allocation1,149 17,825
Balance at end of period$19,043 $17,894